Split (1)

test · 3.61k rows

interaction_id stringlengths 6 9	query stringlengths 26 101	query_time stringclasses 1 value	answer listlengths 1 23	alt_ans listlengths 0 0	domain stringclasses 1 value	question_type stringclasses 1 value	static_or_dynamic stringclasses 1 value	search_results listlengths 0 0	retrieved_chunks listlengths 50 50
test_300	who kills barry's mom in the flash?	n/a	[ "Professor Eobard Thawne", "Thawne" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7365327", "chunk_text": "\"Eobard Thawne\"\nin front of Linda Park-West, only to be stopped by Jay Garrick and Bart Allen. Thawne defeats Jay and prepares to kill Bart, but Barry, Max, Wally, Jesse Quick and Impulse arrive to prevent the villain from doing so. In the ensuing fight, Thawne reveals that he's responsible for every tragedy that has occurred in Barry's life, including the death of Nora Allen (Barry's mother). Thawne then decides to destroy everything the Flash holds dear by killing Iris before they even met. As Barry chases after Thawne, Wally joins in the time barrier. They reach him and in doing so,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3335497", "chunk_text": "\"Flash (Barry Allen)\"\nlater assists with the pursuit of an alien, revealed to be an agent of Darkseid. In this new continuity, Barry's marriage to Iris West never took place, and he is instead in a relationship with longtime co-worker Patty Spivot. In this new series, the Flash draws deeper into the Speed Force, enhancing his mental abilities while still trying to get a full grasp on his powers, which he does not yet exert total control over. As revealed in issue #0 of the current series, Barry Allen's father was placed in prison for the murder of his mother. The murder occurred", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1276330", "chunk_text": "\"Iris West\"\njust enough to kill her. Years later, Barry killed Zoom while trying to prevent him from murdering his new fiancée, Fiona Webb. Iris did not stay dead for long. As Iris' biological parents, the Russells (with the help of a future Flash, John Fox), sent the then-infant Iris to the past, where she was adopted by Ira West, her \"\"death\"\" caused a paradox that was resolved after the Russells placed her consciousness into a new body. Barry is reunited with Iris in her time. However, the couple knows if Barry returns to the past, he will die in the \"\"Crisis", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16358400", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash: Rebirth\"\ntragedies of Barry's life, including the murder of his mother and the framing of his father. Zoom says that Barry's parents had been happy together in the original timeline. Thawne claims that his negative Speed Force gave him the ability to alter the past. Zoom begins to travel through time again, and announces his intention to kill Iris before her first date with Barry. By doing so, he hopes to wipe all memory of Iris from Barry's history. Barry and Wally chase after Thawne. Wally tells Barry to push hard to break the time barrier. They reach Thawne and become", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1121029", "chunk_text": "\"Flashpoint (comics)\"\nmagic to restore the Marvel Family to their mortal forms. Penthesilea (who was secretly one of the conspirators of the Atlanteans-Amazons war, along with Orm) kills Billy Batson, causing a massive explosion that cripples the opposing forces. In the wake of the devastation, Thawne appears in front of Flash. The Reverse-Flash reveals that Flash himself created the Flashpoint timeline by traveling back in time to stop him from killing Barry's mother. Barry pulled the entire Speed Force into himself to stop Thawne, transforming the timeline by shattering the history of his allies. Thawne resets Barry's internal vibrations, enabling him to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4805626", "chunk_text": "\"Flash (Barry Allen)\"\nafter venturing deeper into the Speed Force, Max reveals to Barry that it was Allen himself who created the Speed Force. Meanwhile, Wally manages to reach Barry and Max, and the three begin their escape. As the heroic speedsters are recharged with energy, Barry, Wally, Jay, Max, and Bart charge towards Zoom. The seven speedsters (the 5 men plus Jesse Chambers and Iris West-Park) battle against Zoom, and despite being outnumbered, Zoom pulls Barry away. He reveals that everything horrible that happened to Barry, including the murder of Barry's mother, was caused by Zoom. Zoom then decides to destroy everything", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1512690", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (comic book)\"\noutright hostility. In this new continuity, Barry's marriage to Iris West never took place, and he is instead in a relationship with longtime co-worker Patty Spivot. In this new series, the Flash draws deeper into the Speed Force, enhancing his mental abilities while still trying to get a full grasp on his powers, which he doesn't yet exert total control over. As revealed in issue #0 of this series, Barry Allen's father was placed in prison for the murder of his mother. While the evidence seems to indicate his father's guilt, Barry makes proving his father's innocence a priority. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4805627", "chunk_text": "\"Flash (Barry Allen)\"\nby killing Barry's wife, Iris, before they met. Barry chases after Zoom, and is joined by Wally, who tells Barry to push as hard as he can to break the time barrier. They reach Thawne, becoming the lightning bolt that turns Barry into the Flash as they are able to stop Zoom from killing Iris. As the two Flashes push Zoom back through time to the present, they see that the Justice League, the Justice Society, and the Outsiders have built a device specifically for Thawne. Barry tosses him in and activates the device, severing his connection to the negative", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1121021", "chunk_text": "\"Flashpoint (comics)\"\n2011, but was withdrawn. The storyline is loosely adapted in the film \"\"\"\" as well as in the third season of the CW network television series \"\"The Flash\"\". At the 2017 San Diego Comic-Con, it was announced that \"\"Flashpoint\"\" will be adapted into a feature film as part of the DC Extended Universe. Barry Allen wakes up to discover everything and everyone around him has changed. He is not Flash, nor does he have powers. His mother Nora (deceased in his own timeline) is alive; his father, Henry, died of a heart attack three years ago (instead of in prison).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13229163", "chunk_text": "\"Justice League: The Flashpoint Paradox\"\nand Top at the Flash Museum. Defeating the Rogues, he discovers that they have been hired by his archenemy, Professor Eobard \"\"Zoom\"\" Thawne, as part of a plan to destroy Central City. With the help of the Justice League, Barry foils Thawne's plot, but Thawne's taunts over the death of his mother still haunt Barry as he departs. The next day, Barry wakes to discover that the world has radically changed: his powers are gone, his mother is alive, his wife Iris is married to a colleague, and the Justice League does not exist. Aquaman and his Atlantean forces have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3335492", "chunk_text": "\"Flash (Barry Allen)\"\nthey believe Batman was invincible. However, Barry convinces him that no one is invincible; the Marvel Family and Batman agree to join him. The heroes arrive at New Themyscira to stop the Atlantean/Amazon war, and appear to be winning until Enchantress reveals herself as the Amazon spy and uses her magic to separate the Marvel Family and restore them to their mortal forms. Penthesilea kills Billy Batson just as Professor Zoom reveals himself to Barry. Professor Zoom reveals to him that the \"\"Flashpoint\"\" timeline was actually created by Barry himself, after he traveled back in time to stop Zoom from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11338432", "chunk_text": "\"Flash (Barry Allen)\"\nkilling his mother, but the timeline diverted into the near-apocalyptic world they find themselves in. He continues to taunt Barry with this knowledge, but is suddenly stabbed in the back by Batman wielding an Amazonian sword. Before Barry returns the timeline to normal, Batman thanks him for all he's done and gives him a letter addressed to his son. After this, Barry bids a farewell to his mother, knowing he must travel back in time to stop his younger self from altering time. Through the fusions of the time stream, Barry seemingly hears a voice explaining that the three timelines", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5960774", "chunk_text": "\"Flash in other media\"\nHowever, during a fight with Professor Zoom, Flash discovers that Zoom did not do anything, and that it was he who altered time by going back and saving his mother. After Batman kills the evil speedster, Flash travels back and prevents himself from saving his mother, but once again fractures time, creating another alternate timeline which differs in subtler ways from the original. Barry is also in a better place with his mom's death, and is reunited with Iris. He also gives Batman (Bruce Wayne) a letter that Thomas asked him to deliver to his son. An ambiguous version of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4805622", "chunk_text": "\"Flash (Barry Allen)\"\nhis resurrection. Avoiding the parades, parties, and other celebrations of his return, Barry instead contemplates why he is alive again. A visit to the Flash Museum and from his friend Hal Jordan is not enough to put his mind at ease as he runs off as the Flash. \"\"I can't be late,\"\" he says. When asked by Hal late for what, Flash replies, \"\"For whatever the rest of the world needs me for.\"\" It is then revealed that Flash's mother was murdered when he was a child, and his father was arrested for the crime (this is pointedly contrary to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3625027", "chunk_text": "\"Iris West\"\nthe process. Knowing that Barry is indirectly responsible for the alteration of their lives through time-travel and kept it a secret from her, Iris now distrusts Barry. She also kills Thawne after he lost his powers in retaliation of him hurting Wally II after Barry rescued them, though Thawne later again resurrected from his death. She later appears at the cemetery where Barry asks her for her forgiveness for lying to her. She forgives him, because she is curious about the Flash. He takes her to the Watchtower. She is interested in other secrets Barry is keeping from her. Since", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16358389", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash: Rebirth\"\nasks for Barry's help. Barry is visiting the Flash Museum, trying to catch up with events that occurred during his absence, when he meets Green Lantern (Hal Jordan). Barry's memories from his time in the Speed Force are fading. He feels he was not supposed to come back, and that the Speed Force is trying to draw him back in. Barry tells Hal that he will not attend the festivities in his honor, and runs off. When Barry was a child, his mother was murdered and his father was arrested for the crime, despite proclaiming his innocence. The evil super-speedster", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18730988", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (2016)\"\nof The Speed Force seemingly at random. As Barry neglects to train the new Kid Flash (Who coincidentally is also named Wally West), he decides to take matters into his own hands and battle Shade (comics). After the supervillain team The Rogues has mysteriously disappeared, Flash goes looking for them. The Rogues enact deadly traps to kill Flash once and for all. In 2011, DC Comics published the \"\"Flashpoint\"\" story arc in which Barry Allen travelled back in time in order to prevent his mother's murder. While doing so, he ended up altering the universe, creating one in which Wonder", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16358391", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash: Rebirth\"\nrevealed that even after the death of his father in prison, Barry continued investigating his mother's murder and hoped to prove his father's innocence. Barry arrives and meets with Captain Frye. Thanks to Wonder Woman and her government connections, the public believes that Barry has been in witness protection during the years he was missing. Barry receives a phone call from Wally and learns of the \"\"speed seizures\"\" the other super-speedsters have experienced. Barry and Wally investigate a mysterious lightning storm in Fallville, Iowa, and discover the remains of the Black Flash. The pair are attacked by Lady Flash, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20103808", "chunk_text": "\"What's Past Is Prologue (The Flash)\"\nthe transmitter after Barry convinces him by claiming he will never get home if he does not. Finally, they travel to the night of the particle accelerator explosion. In the Time Vault, Gideon reroutes part of the dark matter through the shard and transmitter, and Barry reveals to Nora that Thawne killed his mother. The accelerator explodes, recalibrating the transmitter and turning it into a power dampener. They then hide it inside a hospital's pillar before returning to the present day so they can confront Cicada there. Meanwhile, Sherloque Wells continues to investigate Nora's intentions for being in 2018 by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10873605", "chunk_text": "Arrowverse\nWest (Vanessa A. Williams) gave birth to shortly after abandoning her family. Cisco initially begins having visions or \"\"vibes\"\" of other times, places, and dimensions upon touching certain objects, he is given the nickname Vibe. He later finds his metahuman powers can also be used to open portals to other worlds and create sonic vibrations. After Zoom kills Barry's father, the season concludes with Barry travelling back in time to save his mother's life from the Reverse-Flash. After changing all of history, Barry inadvertently alters the entire timeline, resulting in 'Flashpoint' timeline. Despite Barry's attempt to repair the damages he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4805599", "chunk_text": "\"Flash (Barry Allen)\"\nrevealed his identity to her of his own free will with Moreno's persuasion. Iris was eventually revealed to have been sent as a child from the 30th century and adopted. In the 1980s, Flash's life begins to collapse. Iris is murdered by Professor Zoom (a supervillain from the 25th century who had long loved her and been jealous of Allen), and when Allen prepares to marry another woman, Zoom tries the same trick again. Allen stops him, killing Zoom in the process by breaking his neck. Unfortunately, when Barry is unable to make an appearance at his own wedding, his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5962828", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (2014 TV series)\"\nparallel earth: Zoom, a demonic speedster who seeks to eliminate all speedsters throughout the multiverse. Harrison Wells' parallel universe counterpart nicknamed \"\"Harry\"\", and his daughter Jesse, work to help Barry stop Zoom and explore the multiverse. Joe and his daughter, Iris, struggle with the arrival of Iris's brother Wally West. After Zoom kills Barry's father, and following Zoom's defeat, Barry travels back in time to save his mother's life. In season three, by changing his past, Barry creates the alternate timeline \"\"Flashpoint\"\". Though he is somewhat able to restore the timeline, this creates new threats, including the emergence of Savitar,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7365335", "chunk_text": "\"Eobard Thawne\"\nwhen Barry went back in time to stop the Reverse-Flash from killing Nora. After Thawne is killed by this reality's Batman with an Amazonian sword, the Flash travels back in time to stop Barry's younger self from altering history but instead, under Pandora's manipulations, a third, new timeline is created, in which DC Comics' continuity takes place from 2011 onwards. In The New 52 reboot of DC's continuity, Eobard's origin is re-established as hailing from the Central City of a 25th-century devoted to the Flash. As a child, Eobard witnessed his father murder his mother and subsequently get arrested. One", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5962827", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (2014 TV series)\"\nbut socially awkward crime scene investigator for the Central City Police Department. A particle accelerator malfunctions, bathing the city center with a radiation during a thunderstorm, and Barry is struck by lightning. Awakening after a coma, he discovers he can move at superhuman speeds. Harrison Wells, the accelerator's designer, describes Barry's nature as \"\"metahuman\"\". Barry vows to use his gifts to protect Central City. As the Flash, Barry also pursues his mother's murderer, the Reverse-Flash. In season two, after a singularity event occurs, the Flash is recognized as Central City's hero. However, the event brings a new threat from a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17909316", "chunk_text": "\"Patty Spivot\"\nnew reality, Barry never marries with Iris West and enters a relationship with Patty. After the Future Flash incident, she breaks up with Barry and never seen in the comics since. Patty Spivot appears in season two of \"\"The Flash\"\", portrayed by Shantel VanSanten. Here, she is a uniformed police officer rather than a lab assistant. She intended to become a C.S.I. investigator, but put that aside when her father was murdered by Mark Mardon and joined the regular police force. She has a deep hatred for Mardon that comes from survivor's guilt; when she was a teenager, she was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17247435", "chunk_text": "\"Barry Allen (Arrowverse)\"\nSuperman and Lois Lane, she is introduced as his one true love. Barry and Iris were close friends since they were 10 years old, this friendship escalates after Barry's mother is murdered and Barry is adopted by Joe West (Iris's father). It is revealed in the first season that Barry is in love with Iris while Iris still sees him as more of a brother. It is later shown that a newspaper article is written by Iris West-Allen in 2024, thus indicating their future romance and marriage. Iris and Barry's relationship changes due to alterations of the timeline when Barry", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2907111", "chunk_text": "Arrowverse\nhad caused, a new threat emerges from Flashpoint in the form of a powerful speedster, Savitar, who wishes to kill Barry and make him suffer, due to Barry's \"\"Flashpoint\"\" excursion inadvertently led to Savitar's birth and sufferings. This also gives Wally and Caitlin metahuman powers with Wally gaining speed and becomes Barry's partner known as Kid Flash and Caitlin becoming the villain Killer Frost. After Barry defeats Savitar, Barry goes to take Savitar's place into the speed force in order to balance it. In the months since Barry left, Wally and Cisco have barely been able to protect Central City.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3806169", "chunk_text": "\"Flash in other media\"\nkill Flash along with thousands of others, and link Flash's name to the destruction. The Justice League shows up and defuses all the bombs that Zoom set and all the villains are arrested. Shaken by what transpired, and full of thoughts about his dead mother, Flash parts from his Justice League colleagues and chooses to be alone. The next day, Flash wakes up in a universe where history has happened differently. Here, he has none of his powers, his mother is alive, Iris is married to someone else, and a feud between Aquaman and Wonder Woman has triggered an all-out", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16761313", "chunk_text": "\"Iris West\"\nuses one of his own weapons to freeze him in a block of ice, just as he had Wally. Afterwards, Iris visits her nephew's grave along with her husband John. In the \"\"\"\" prequel series, Barry met with Iris sometime after Superman killed the Joker where she expressed her disapproval of Superman's actions. She's convinced that Flash would not do the same if he was in Superman's scenario (where Iris would be murdered instead of Lois), and tells Barry to not condone Superman's actions and to promise her that he will stand up to Superman if he goes down the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16358396", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash: Rebirth\"\nagainst Superboy-Prime during the \"\"Infinite Crisis\"\", Zoom sent a subliminal pulse into the Speed Force to draw back the remains of Barry's self-awareness, which led to Barry's reappearance during the \"\"Final Crisis\"\". Zoom then transformed himself into a new kind of speedster—the mysterious murderer seen at the beginning of the story—and created his negative Speed Force to contaminate Barry and the other heroic speedsters. Zoom fades away. In Fallville, Wally decides to enter the Speed Force to retrieve his uncle. At the Wests' home, Iris wants to help save Barry. After an argument with her brother Jay, she runs downstairs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3424528", "chunk_text": "\"Bart Allen\"\nFlash in the animated series \"\"Young Justice\"\". As depicted in a Legion of Super-Heroes story, Barry Allen's children—the Tornado Twins—were arrested in A.D. 2995 by the government of Earth, which had fallen under the covert control of the Dominators. Following a one-day trial on trumped-up charges of treason, the Twins were executed. According to a \"\"Daily Planet\"\" news report, Don Allen is survived by his wife Carmen Johnson (whose real name is Meloni Thawne, a descendant of Eobard Thawne), his mother Iris West Allen, and his two-year-old son: Barry Allen II, or Bart. This timeline was wiped out by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13440643", "chunk_text": "\"Killer Frost\"\nVelocity serum with Harry Wells to cure Hunter's revealed illness, before the revelation that the so-called Flash of Earth-2 is in fact the evil Earth-2 speedster Zoom. She also meets her Earth-2 doppelganger, the ice-based supervillain Killer Frost who is later killed by Zoom, and wonders at what this means for her own capacity to do evil. Caitlin experiences timeline changes in season three. After Barry restores the original timeline but with subtle variations, Caitlin develops cryokinetic abilities which she is keeping secret from the team, and also develops a second villainous identity. Caitlin is advised by her mother Dr.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16358392", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash: Rebirth\"\nshe disintegrates in the same fashion as Savitar as Barry touches her. Barry's costume begins to transform into that of the Black Flash. At the Justice Society's headquarters, Jesse Chambers is contemplating a statue of her parents, Johnny Quick and Liberty Belle. Her husband Rick Tyler confronts her, an explosion occurs in front of them, and an image of Johnny Quick materializes, begs Barry Allen not to hurt Jesse, then vanishes. In Fallville, the Justice League, the Justice Society, and other heroes have built a containment chamber for Barry, whose personal energy field has become tainted with a black aura", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3335407", "chunk_text": "\"Wally West\"\nto arrest Iris for the murder of Eobard Thawne with the intention of provoking a war between the Flashes in order to make 'the true Flash' stronger through tragedy. After the Flash Family defeated Gorilla Grodd in a battle, Wally meets Iris for the first time after his disappeance. He begins remembering pre-Flashpoint memories after Iris remembers him. However, a confrontation with his former ally Hunter Zolomon provokes Barry and Wally into conflict, as Hunter convinces Wally that the Speed Force must be destroyed to release those missing allies still 'trapped' within it, including Wally's children, Jai and Iris West,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17247430", "chunk_text": "\"Barry Allen (Arrowverse)\"\nlove for him. This season began with a new reality identified as Flashpoint, in this reality, Barry's mother was not murdered as Barry had run back in time to save her. In this season Barry's character is faced with a vital moral dilemma, he has to choose either to save his friends who are not doing so well in this reality or to keep living in this timeline where his parents are alive. He chooses to ask Eobard Thawne to go back and murder his mother again in the hopes of restoring his original timeline. A new reality is created", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13229169", "chunk_text": "\"Justice League: The Flashpoint Paradox\"\ntimeline: Barry traveled back in time to save his mother, fracturing the fabric of reality. Wonder Woman uses her lasso to force Captain Thunder back into Batson and kills him; Superman returns but cannot save Cyborg from Aquaman. Wonder Woman faces Aquaman, with both declaring an intention to fix things their way. Aquaman remotely detonates Captain Atom with a ray. As the explosion tears across the landscape, Thawne declares his intention to keep Barry in this reality to kill him, but he is then killed by Batman. The dying Batman urges Barry to run, and gives him a letter addressed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14244156", "chunk_text": "\"Savitar (comics)\"\nkill every Speed Force user with a single touch until a conflict between the Flash and Zoom. Savitar, Lady Savitar (Christina Alexandrova) and Johnny Quick have been killed by this effect. In September 2011, The New 52 rebooted DC's continuity where parts of Savitar's origin are used in the Top's origin. In \"\"DC Rebirth\"\", Troia (a version of Donna Troy from an alternate future) recalls that Wally was killed by either Savitar or Brother Blood from that time. Savitar can move at super-speed, and is able to lend or steal speed from moving objects. He has accelerated healing due to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3335498", "chunk_text": "\"Flash (Barry Allen)\"\nshortly after Barry returned victorious from a school spelling bee, and Barry placed the trophy he won on his mother's grave in her memory. While the evidence seems to indicate his father's guilt, Barry makes proving his father's innocence a priority. Barry is also part of the main cast of the relaunched \"\"Justice League\"\" series, making his debut in the series' second issue. Following Convergence, Barry has a new suit in issue #41, which has a darker shade and features more streaks. During DC Rebirth, Barry is no longer the only Flash. It is revealed that Wally West has been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7204346", "chunk_text": "\"Flash vs. Arrow\"\nOliver learns how to torture suspects to gain information. In the present, Oliver and Roy Harper locate Digger Harkness, the boomerang-wielding killer, where they find A.R.G.U.S. operatives looking for him as well. Caitlin Snow and Cisco Ramon arrive in Starling City to help Felicity Smoak investigate Sara Lance's homicidal murderer. Digger attempts to kill Lyla Michaels, Roy, and Oliver, but Barry instantly arrives and stops him. Later, Lyla reveals that Digger was part of the Suicide Squad. When Oliver uses his extreme interrogation methods on a Russian mob member in order to locate Digger, Barry questions how emotionally stable Oliver", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1512691", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (comic book)\"\nmurder occurred shortly after Barry returned victorious from a school spelling bee, and Barry placed the trophy he won on his mother's grave in her memory. Barry is also part of the main cast of the relaunched \"\"Justice League\"\" series, making his debut in the series' second issue. Writers Robert Venditti and Van Jensen and artist Brett Booth became the new creative team on \"\"The Flash\"\" as of issue #30 (June 2014). During DC Rebirth, Barry is no longer the only Flash. It is revealed that Wally West has been lost in the Speed Force for ten years, realizing during", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3335486", "chunk_text": "\"Flash (Barry Allen)\"\nFriday Blog that \"\"Flash\"\" #12 will be the last in the series despite a thirteenth issue originally having been announced for sale on May 25, 2011, but which has since been withdrawn. As the story begins, Barry Allen wakes up in his office and discovers that his mother is alive, there is no trace of Superman, Wonder Woman and Aquaman leading their respective nations in a war, his wife Iris West is unmarried, and himself currently powerless. Barry seeks the aid of Batman, driving to Gotham City and entering a run-down Wayne Manor. He explores what turns out to be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3335408", "chunk_text": "\"Wally West\"\nMax Mercury and Impulse. Wally became determined to break The Speed Force open in a bid to free them which led to a frantic chase, with Barry Allen trying to stop Wally before he did something drastic, remembering all too well the damage he himself had done to the time-stream attempting to stop his mother's murder during the Flashpoint event. Unfortunately, Wally proved himself to be the true Fastest Man Alive and was able to outrun Barry and create the break he wanted. The resulting explosion sent both heroes back to Barry's hometown of Central City and into the clutches", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2308152", "chunk_text": "\"Flash in film\"\nas the main protagonist in \"\"\"\", with Justin Chambers voicing the character. Barry is interrupted while visiting his mother's grave on her birthday and leaves as the Flash to battle the Top, Mirror Master, Heat Wave, Captain Cold, and Captain Boomerang at the Flash Museum. Professor Zoom later reveals this to have been a trap for the Flash. He intends to kill Flash along with thousands of others, and link Flash's name to the destruction. The Justice League shows up and defuses all the bombs that Zoom set and all the villains are arrested. Shaken by what transpired, and full", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7204205", "chunk_text": "\"Joe West (Arrowverse)\"\nfor Iris' safety. Joe is partnered with detective Eddie Thawne and has a good working relationship with him until Eddie begins dating Iris, which colors Joe's feelings towards Eddie. Joe also knows that a police officer's life is dangerous and potentially deadly, and he wants to shield his daughter from that. Joe later secretly investigates S.T.A.R. Labs director Harrison Wells. Joe, Barry, Caitlin and Cisco ultimately discover Wells' true identity is the time-travelling speedster Eobard Thawne who murdered Nora. Thawne later seemingly ceases to exist when Eddie, his ancestor, shoots himself dead. In season two, Joe becomes head of Central", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16761308", "chunk_text": "\"Iris West\"\nthe Flash Family defeated Grodd and stop the Negative Speed Force from spreading Central City, both she and Barry have rekindled their romances with each other. She is subsequently re-introduced to the pre-\"\"Flashpoint\"\" Wally West, swiftly regaining her memories of him when she sees him, simultaneously inspiring Wally's own memories of those he has forgotten. She is later bought to trial in the 25th century for Eobard Thawne's murder. She and Barry later have Wally to be taken care of in the rehabiliation center called the Sanctuary, in which she is so happy about Wally being a better hero today.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1150656", "chunk_text": "\"Flash (comics)\"\ncaptured by Cobalt Blue. He is forced to watch his wife die and his daughter become crippled. As he and Max Mercury kill Cobalt Blue, a child takes Cobalt Blue's power gem and kills Allen. This Flash is one of the two destined Flashes to be killed by Cobalt Blue. Sela Allen is an ordinary human in the 23rd century until Cobalt Blue steals electrical impulses away from her, causing her to become as slow to the world as the world is to the Flash. Hoping to restore her, her father takes her into the Speed Force. When her father", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19684285", "chunk_text": "\"Flash vs. Arrow\"\n\"\"The Flash\"\" in a big way\"\". In the episode, Oliver runs into an ex-girlfriend, last seen pregnant with his child in season two of \"\"Arrow\"\" and had been told by Oliver's mother Moira to tell him that she'd lost the baby and disappear. It is revealed to the viewers that she has a child and it's presumed to be Oliver's. After the airing of the episode, Guggenheim confirmed that indeed it was Oliver's child. At the end of the episode, Robbie Amell, who played Ronnie Raymond—Caitlin's former fiancée presumed dead after the particle accelerator explosion—appears as Firestorm using his powers.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13703598", "chunk_text": "\"Captain Cold\"\nis also the mother of Bart Allen. Despite his more ruthless nature as of late, Captain Cold's heart is not completely frozen, evidenced by having sent flowers to honor Sue Dibny, murdered wife of the Elongated Man. Traditionally, Captain Cold is driven by three things: money, women, and the desire to beat Barry Allen. Although not the lecher that Captain Boomerang was, Len Snart has an eye for the ladies, particularly models. When Barry Allen died, Captain Cold drifted for a while, jumping back and forth over the lines of crime and justice. He was captured by the Manhunter and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7365326", "chunk_text": "\"Eobard Thawne\"\nThawne was re-imagined as a major villain in the DC Universe by writer Geoff Johns in \"\"\"\". His resurrection is foreshadowed to occur in a near-future event. It is later revealed that Thawne's recreation of the accident behind Barry's powers made Thawne able to lure Barry out of the Speed Force during the \"\"Final Crisis\"\" and temporarily turn his nemesis into the Black Flash. When Thawne reappears, he murders the revived Johnny Quick, before proceeding to trap Barry and the revived Max Mercury inside the negative Speed Force. Thawne then attempts to kill Wally's children through their Speed Force connection", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16358401", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash: Rebirth\"\nthe lightning bolt that turns Barry into the Flash and stop Thawne from killing Iris. They chase Thawne, who to dissuade Wally, tells him that one of his children will make his life miserable in the future. Barry and Wally push Thawne back through time. Barry and Wally return to the present where the other superheroes have built a device for Thawne. Barry tosses Thawne into it and Jay activates the device, which severs Thawne's connection to the negative Speed Force. Barry and Wally tie up Thawne. Iris discovers Thawne's weapon in the past and keeps it. With the threat", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_301	who is the book of acts written to?	n/a	[ "Jewish audiences", "to Jewish audiences" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7372416", "chunk_text": "\"Acts of the Apostles\"\nActs of the Apostles Acts of the Apostles (, \"\"Práxeis tôn Apostólōn\"\"; ), often referred to simply as Acts, is the fifth book of the New Testament; it tells of the founding of the Christian church and the spread of its message to the Roman Empire. Acts and the Gospel of Luke make up a two-part work, Luke–Acts, by the same anonymous author, usually dated to around 80–90 AD. The first part, the Gospel of Luke, tells how God fulfilled his plan for the world's salvation through the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth, the promised Messiah. Acts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10272654", "chunk_text": "\"Authorship of Luke–Acts\"\nAuthorship of Luke–Acts The authorship of the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles, collectively known as Luke–Acts, is an important issue for biblical exegetes who are attempting to produce critical scholarship on the origins of the New Testament. Traditionally, the text is believed to have been written by Luke the companion of Paul (named in Colossians ). However, the earliest manuscripts are anonymous, and the traditional view has been challenged by many modern scholars. There is substantial evidence to indicate that the author of The Gospel of Luke also wrote the Book of Acts. These hypothetical connections", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16744257", "chunk_text": "\"Theophilus (biblical)\"\nTheophilus (biblical) Theophilus is the name or honorary title of the person to whom the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles are addressed (Luke 1:3, Acts 1:1). It is thought that both the Gospel of Luke and Acts of the Apostles were written by the same author, and often argued that the two books were originally a single unified work. Both Luke and Acts were written in a refined Koine Greek, and the name \"\"θεόφιλος\"\" (\"\"Theophilos\"\"), as it appears therein, means \"\"friend of God\"\" or \"\"(be)loved by God\"\" or \"\"loving God\"\" in the Greek language. No one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2402714", "chunk_text": "\"Acts of the Apostles\"\nThere are also alleged major differences between Acts and Paul on Christology (the understanding of Christ's nature), eschatology (understanding of the \"\"last things\"\"), and apostleship. Acts of the Apostles Acts of the Apostles (, \"\"Práxeis tôn Apostólōn\"\"; ), often referred to simply as Acts, is the fifth book of the New Testament; it tells of the founding of the Christian church and the spread of its message to the Roman Empire. Acts and the Gospel of Luke make up a two-part work, Luke–Acts, by the same anonymous author, usually dated to around 80–90 AD. The first part, the Gospel of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15717990", "chunk_text": "\"Luke–Acts\"\npublished Bibles or New Testaments, for example, in \"\"The Original New Testament\"\" (1985) and The Books of the Bible (2007). The traditional view holds that they were written by Luke named in Colossians , a physician and follower of Paul the Apostle, but modern scholars reject that view. The work is Hellenized and written for a gentile audience. Marcion, a famous 2nd-century heretic, who used a modified form of Luke known as the Gospel of Marcion, did not use Acts, perhaps because he was unaware of it or intentionally excluded it from his biblical canon; Irenaeus, a proto-orthodox apologist, is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11943200", "chunk_text": "\"Acts 27\"\nActs 27 Acts 27 is the twenty-seventh chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the journey of Paul from Caesarea heading to Rome, but stranded for a time in Malta. The book containing this chapter is anonymous but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 44 verses. Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are: This chapter mentions or alludes to the following places (in order of appearance):", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5213292", "chunk_text": "\"Acts of the Apostles (genre)\"\nActs of the Apostles (genre) The Acts of the Apostles is a genre of Early Christian literature, recounting the lives and works of the apostles of Jesus. The \"\"Acts\"\" (Latin: \"\"Acta\"\", Greek: Πράξεις \"\"Práxeis\"\") are important for many reasons, one of them being the concept of apostolic succession. They also provide insight into the valuation of \"\"missionary activities among the exotic races,\"\" since some of them feature missionary work done among, for instance, the Cynocephaly. Only one work in this genre is included in the New Testament canon, entitled the \"\"Acts of the Apostles\"\", sometimes called the \"\"Book of Acts\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7615702", "chunk_text": "\"Acts 18\"\nActs 18 Acts 18 is the eighteenth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the final part of the second missionary journey of Paul, together with Silas and Timothy, and the beginning of the third missionary journey. The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 28 verses. Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are: This chapter mentions the following places", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2353395", "chunk_text": "\"Theophilus (biblical)\"\nthe teachings he had recently received. Theophilus (biblical) Theophilus is the name or honorary title of the person to whom the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles are addressed (Luke 1:3, Acts 1:1). It is thought that both the Gospel of Luke and Acts of the Apostles were written by the same author, and often argued that the two books were originally a single unified work. Both Luke and Acts were written in a refined Koine Greek, and the name \"\"θεόφιλος\"\" (\"\"Theophilos\"\"), as it appears therein, means \"\"friend of God\"\" or \"\"(be)loved by God\"\" or \"\"loving God\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11943217", "chunk_text": "\"Acts 28\"\nActs 28 Acts 28 is the twenty-eighth (and also the last) chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the journey of Paul from Malta to Italy until finally settled in Rome. The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 31 verses. Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are: This chapter mentions or alludes to the following places (in order of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15717989", "chunk_text": "\"Luke–Acts\"\nLuke–Acts In Biblical scholarship, Luke–Acts is the composite work of the \"\"Gospel of Luke\"\" and the \"\"Acts of the Apostles\"\" in the New Testament. Together they describe the ministry of Jesus and the subsequent ministry of the apostles and the Apostolic Age. Both the books of Luke and Acts are anonymous narratives written to a man named Theophilus. The book of Acts starts out with: \"\"The former treatise have I made\"\", probably referring to the Gospel of Luke. Almost all scholars believe that they were written by the same person. Luke–Acts has sometimes been presented as a single book in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14903670", "chunk_text": "\"Acts 11\"\nActs 11 Acts 11 is the eleventh chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records that Saint Peter defends his visit to Cornelius in Caesarea and retells his vision prior to the meeting as well as the pouring of Holy Spirit during the meeting. The book containing this chapter is anonymous but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 30 verses. Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5213293", "chunk_text": "\"Acts of the Apostles (genre)\"\nor simply \"\"Acts\"\", and primarily concerns the activities of Saint Peter, John the Apostle, and Paul the Apostle, who converts to Christianity in chapter 9 and becomes the main character. It is presumably the second part of a two-part work, the Canonical Gospel of Luke being the first part, with both works being addressed to Theophilus, and sharing a similar style. Almost all scholars believe that they were written by the same person. The book narrates how the resurrected Jesus makes the apostles his witnesses, and instructs them to convert all peoples to the ends of the earth (Acts 1:8).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15063194", "chunk_text": "\"Acts 8\"\nActs 8 Acts 8 is the eighth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the burial of Stephen, the beginnings of Christian persecution, and the spread of the Gospel of Jesus Christ to the people of Samaria and Ethiopia. The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The New King James Version organises this chapter as follows: The writer of Acts introduced Saul, later the Apostle Paul, as an active witness of Stephen's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8627583", "chunk_text": "\"Acts 21\"\nActs 21 Acts 21 is the twenty-first chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the end of Paul's third missionary journey and his arrival and reception in Jerusalem. The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. This chapter mentions the following places (in order of appearance): In the New King James Version, this chapter is sub-divided as: The James who Paul met with here was James, known as \"\"the brother of Jesus\"\", and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15717991", "chunk_text": "\"Luke–Acts\"\nthe first to use and mention Acts, specifically against Marcionism. Some scholars note that there are two versions of Luke–Acts with the longer version 10–20 percent longer than the shorter version. Scholars disagree on which came first. Luke–Acts In Biblical scholarship, Luke–Acts is the composite work of the \"\"Gospel of Luke\"\" and the \"\"Acts of the Apostles\"\" in the New Testament. Together they describe the ministry of Jesus and the subsequent ministry of the apostles and the Apostolic Age. Both the books of Luke and Acts are anonymous narratives written to a man named Theophilus. The book of Acts starts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4746178", "chunk_text": "\"Acts 10\"\nActs 10 Acts 10 is the tenth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the vision of Saint Peter and his meeting with Cornelius in Caesarea. The book containing this chapter is anonymous but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 48 verses. Some of the most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are: This chapter mentions the following places: This chapter can be grouped: In the story recorded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1687068", "chunk_text": "\"Acts 16\"\nActs 16 Acts 16 is the sixteenth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the second missionary journey of Paul, together with Silas and Timothy. The book containing this chapter is anonymous but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 40 verses. Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are: This chapter mentions the following places (in order of appearance): The second missionary journey of Paul took place", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7372426", "chunk_text": "\"Acts of the Apostles\"\nLuke–Acts to the \"\"narratives\"\" (διήγησις, \"\"diēgēsis\"\") which many others had written, and described his own work as an \"\"orderly account\"\" (ἀκριβῶς καθεξῆς). Thus while Acts is widely thought of as a history, it lacks exact analogies in Hellenistic or Jewish literature. The author of Acts may have taken as his model the works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus, who wrote a well-known history of Rome, or the Jewish historian Josephus, author of a history of the Jews. Like them, he anchors his history by dating the birth of the founder (Romulus for Dionysius, Moses for Josephus, Jesus for Luke) and like", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4746173", "chunk_text": "\"Acts 12\"\nActs 12 Acts 12 is the twelfth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the death of the first apostle, James, son of Zebedee, followed by the miraculous escape of Peter from prison, the death of Herod Agrippa I, and the early ministry of Barnabas and Paul of Tarsus. The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 25 verses. Some most", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7581092", "chunk_text": "\"Acts 7\"\nActs 7 Acts 7 is the seventh chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the address of Stephen before the Sanhedrin and his execution outside Jerusalem, and introduces Saul (who later became Paul the Apostle) as 'a young man'. The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 60 verses. Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are: This chapter can be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7518832", "chunk_text": "\"Acts 3\"\nActs 3 Acts 3 is the third chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the healing of a disabled person by the apostles Peter and John, and Peter's preaching at Solomon’s Portico in the Temple. The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 26 verses. Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are: This chapter can be grouped: The temple in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12908375", "chunk_text": "\"Acts of Paul and Thecla\"\nActs of Paul and Thecla The Acts of Paul and Thecla (\"\"Acta Pauli et Theclae\"\") is an apocryphal story–Edgar J. Goodspeed called it a \"\"religious romance\"\"–of Paul the apostle's influence on a young virgin named Thecla. It is one of the writings of the New Testament apocrypha. It is attested no earlier than Tertullian, \"\"De baptismo\"\" 17:5 (\"\"c\"\" 190), who says that a presbyter from Asia wrote the \"\"History of Paul and Thecla\"\", and was deposed by John the Apostle after confessing that he wrote it. Tertullian inveighed against its use in the advocacy of a woman's right to preach", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11943209", "chunk_text": "\"Acts 27\"\nstuck to the world will be lost. Acts 27 Acts 27 is the twenty-seventh chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the journey of Paul from Caesarea heading to Rome, but stranded for a time in Malta. The book containing this chapter is anonymous but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 44 verses. Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are: This chapter mentions or alludes to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1684427", "chunk_text": "\"Acts 13\"\nActs 13 Acts 13 is the thirteenth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the first missionary journey of Paul and Barnabas to Cyprus and Pisidia. The book containing this chapter is anonymous but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 52 verses. Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are: This chapter mentions the following places (in order of appearance): The first missionary journey of Paul and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8628725", "chunk_text": "\"Acts 28\"\nto put his hand upon him\"\"\"\" meaning either that Publius asked this favour of the apostle for his father, having heard of the affair of the viper, from whence he concluded there was something divine and extraordinary in him; or the father of Publius asked this for himself. The narrative of Acts ends with Paul: Acts 28 Acts 28 is the twenty-eighth (and also the last) chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the journey of Paul from Malta to Italy until finally settled in Rome. The book containing this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14943339", "chunk_text": "\"Acts 19\"\nActs 19 Acts 19 is the nineteenth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records part of the third missionary journey of Paul. The author of the book containing this chapter is anonymous but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 41 verses. Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are: This chapter mentions the following places (in order of appearance): This part of the third missionary journey of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7372424", "chunk_text": "\"Acts of the Apostles\"\nof scholars, necessarily in the latter camp, conclude that Acts dates to the 2nd century, believing that it shows awareness of the letters of Paul, the works of Josephus, or the writings of Marcion. There are two major textual variants of Acts, the Western text-type and the Alexandrian. The oldest complete Alexandrian manuscripts date from the 4th century and the oldest Western ones from the 6th, with fragments and citations going back to the 3rd. Western texts of Acts are 6.2–8.4% longer than Alexandrian texts, the additions tending to enhance the Jewish rejection of the Messiah and the role of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14944433", "chunk_text": "\"Acts 20\"\nActs 20 Acts 20 is the twentieth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the third missionary journey of Paul. The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 38 verses. Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are: This chapter mentions the following places (in order of appearance): In the New King James Version, this chapter is sub-divided as: Eutychus was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6948175", "chunk_text": "\"Acts 15\"\nActs 15 Acts 15 is the fifteenth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the journey of Paul and Barnabas to Jerusalem and the Council of Jerusalem. The book containing this chapter is anonymous but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 41 verses. Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are: This chapter mentions the following places (in order of appearance): The journey of Paul and Barnabas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10272658", "chunk_text": "\"Authorship of Luke–Acts\"\nOrigen, and the Muratorian Canon all regarded Luke as the author of the Luke-Acts. Neither Eusebius of Caesarea nor any other ancient writer mentions another tradition about authorship. In addition to the authorship evidence provided by the ancient sources, some feel the text of Luke-Acts supports the conclusion that its author was a companion of Paul. First among such internal evidence are portions of the book which have come to be called the \"\"we\"\" passages (Acts 16:10–17; 20:5–15; 21:1–18; 27:1–37; 28:1-16). Although the bulk of Acts is written in the third person, several brief sections of the book are written", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3448873", "chunk_text": "\"New Testament\"\nThe Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles were both written by the same author, and are thus referred to as the Lucan texts. The most direct evidence comes from the prefaces of each book; both were addressed to Theophilus, and the preface to the Acts of the Apostles references \"\"my former book\"\" about the ministry of Jesus. Furthermore, there are linguistic and theological similarities between the two works, suggesting that they have a common author. The Pauline epistles are the thirteen books in the New Testament traditionally attributed to Paul of Tarsus. The anonymous Epistle to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15063209", "chunk_text": "\"Acts 9\"\nActs 9 Acts 9 is the ninth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records Saul's conversion and the works of Saint Peter. The book containing this chapter is anonymous but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 43 verses. Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are: This chapter can be grouped: John Gill suggested in his \"\"Exposition of the Bible\"\" that these disciples were among those dispersed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10272657", "chunk_text": "\"Authorship of Luke–Acts\"\na Gentile Christian, though some scholars think Luke was a Hellenic Jew. This Luke is mentioned in Paul's Epistle to Philemon (v.24), and in two other epistles which are traditionally ascribed to Paul (Colossians 4:14 and 2 Timothy 4:11). The view that Luke-Acts was written by the physician Luke was nearly unanimous in the early Christian church. The \"\"Papyrus Bodmer\"\" XIV, which is the oldest known manuscript containing the ending of the gospel (dating to around 200 AD), uses the subscription \"\"The Gospel According to Luke\"\". Nearly all ancient sources also shared this theory of authorship—Irenaeus, Tertullian, Clement of Alexandria,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7372420", "chunk_text": "\"Acts of the Apostles\"\nwas not given by the author. The Gospel of Luke and Acts make up a two-volume work which scholars call Luke–Acts. Together they account for 27.5% of the New Testament, the largest contribution attributed to a single author, providing the framework for both the Church's liturgical calendar and the historical outline into which later generations have fitted their idea of the story of Jesus and the early church. The author is not named in either volume. According to Church tradition dating from the 2nd century, he was the \"\"Luke\"\" named as a companion of the apostle Paul in three of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15049650", "chunk_text": "\"Acts 17\"\nActs 17 Acts 17 is the seventeenth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the second missionary journey of Paul, together with Silas and Timothy. The book containing this chapter is anonymous but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. This chapter mentions the following places (in order of appearance): The second missionary journey of Paul took place in c. AD 49. This chapter can be grouped: The apostles traveled from Philippi to Thessalonica, a distance of 161 km (on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7372433", "chunk_text": "\"Acts of the Apostles\"\nwork, the Gospel of Luke, and is signaled by parallel scenes such as Paul's utterance in Acts 19:21, which echoes Jesus's words in Luke 9:51: Paul has Rome as his destination, as Jesus had Jerusalem. The second key element is the roles of Peter and Paul, the first representing the Jewish Christian church, the second the mission to the Gentiles. The Gospel of Luke began with a prologue addressed to Theophilus; Acts likewise opens with an address to Theophilus and refers to \"\"my earlier book\"\", almost certainly the gospel. The apostles and other followers of Jesus meet and elect Matthias", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2504860", "chunk_text": "\"Acts of Paul\"\nActs of Paul The Acts of Paul is one of the major works and earliest pseudepigraphal series from the New Testament apocrypha also known as Apocryphal Acts, an approximate date given to the Acts of Paul is 160 CE. The Acts were first mentioned by Tertullian. Tertullian found it heretical because it encouraged women to preach and baptize. The Acts were considered orthodox by Hippolytus but were eventually regarded as heretical when the Manichaeans started using the texts. The author of the Acts of Paul is unknown and wrote out of respect for Paul in Asia Minor. The author does", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7372430", "chunk_text": "\"Acts of the Apostles\"\nthe Jews). Baur continues to have enormous influence, but today there is less interest in determining the author of Acts' historical accuracy (although this has never died out) than in understanding his theological program. Luke was written to be read aloud to a group of Jesus-followers gathered in a house to share the Lord's supper. The author assumes an educated Greek-speaking audience, but directs his attention to specifically Christian concerns rather than to the Greco-Roman world at large. He begins his gospel with a preface addressed to Theophilus, informing him of his intention to provide an \"\"ordered account\"\" of events", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12505196", "chunk_text": "\"Acts of Peter and Paul\"\nActs of Peter and Paul The Acts of Peter and Paul is a 4th century Christian text of the genre Acts of the Apostles. An alternate version exists, known as the Passion of Peter and Paul, with variances in the introductory part of the text. The text is framed as the tale of Paul's journey from the island of Gaudomeleta to Rome. It assigns Peter as Paul's brother. It also describes the death of Paul by beheading, an early church tradition. The text also contains a letter purporting to be from Pilate, known as Acts of Pilate. The work appears", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11161124", "chunk_text": "\"Acts 11\"\nThis chapter mentions the following places: This chapter can be grouped: Acts 11 Acts 11 is the eleventh chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records that Saint Peter defends his visit to Cornelius in Caesarea and retells his vision prior to the meeting as well as the pouring of Holy Spirit during the meeting. The book containing this chapter is anonymous but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11943196", "chunk_text": "\"Acts 26\"\nActs 26 Acts 26 is the twenty-sixth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the period of Paul's imprisonment in Caesarea. The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but Holman states that \"\"uniform Christian tradition affirms that Luke wrote both\"\" this book as well as the Gospel of Luke, as supported by Guthrie based on external evidence. In the New King James Version, this chapter is sub-divided as: Paul took up the invitation to speak: \"\"Agrippa said to Paul, “You are permitted to speak for yourself\"\" () with an account", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7372432", "chunk_text": "\"Acts of the Apostles\"\nfollowers unless provoked by the Jews, in the trial scenes the Christian missionaries are always cleared of charges of violating Roman laws, and Acts ends with Paul in Rome proclaiming the Christian message under Roman protection; at the same time, Luke makes clear that the Romans, like all earthly rulers, receive their authority from Satan, while Christ is ruler of the kingdom of God. Acts has two key structural principles. The first is the geographic movement from Jerusalem, centre of God's Covenantal people, the Jews, to Rome, centre of the Gentile world. This structure reaches back to the author's preceding", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14904168", "chunk_text": "\"Acts 14\"\nActs 14 Acts 14 is the fourteenth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the first missionary journey of Paul and Barnabas to Phrygia and Lycaonia. The book containing this chapter is anonymous but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 28 verses. Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are: This chapter mentions the following places (in order of appearance): The first missionary journey of Paul and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1687070", "chunk_text": "\"Acts 16\"\nwords \"\"Come over and help us\"\", also said to echo the words of the man of Macedonia. Acts 16 Acts 16 is the sixteenth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the second missionary journey of Paul, together with Silas and Timothy. The book containing this chapter is anonymous but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 40 verses. Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are: This", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7580775", "chunk_text": "\"Acts 5\"\nActs 5 Acts 5 is the fifth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the growth and obstacles in the early church. The book containing this chapter is anonymous but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 42 verses. Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are: This chapter can be grouped: St. Luke had mentioned ( and ) that there was an influential party of Sadducees in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "954208", "chunk_text": "\"Gospel of Nicodemus\"\nGospel of Nicodemus The Gospel of Nicodemus, also known as the Acts of Pilate (; ), is an apocryphal gospel claimed to have been derived from an original Hebrew work written by Nicodemus, who appears in the Gospel of John as an associate of Jesus. The title \"\"Gospel of Nicodemus\"\" is medieval in origin. The dates of its accreted sections are uncertain, but according to the 1907 edition of the Catholic Encyclopedia scholars agree in assigning the resulting work to the middle of the fourth century AD. The section about Pilate is an older text found in the Greek \"\"Acts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14621479", "chunk_text": "\"Acts of Thaddeus\"\nActs of Thaddeus The Acts of Thaddeus (Greek: Πραξεὶ̀ς τοῦ Θαδδαίου) is a Greek document written between 544 and which purports to describe correspondence between King Abgar V of Edessa and Jesus, which results in Jesus' disciple Thaddeus going to Edessa. Most scholars now believe that the \"\"Acts of Thaddeus\"\" was written in the seventh century at the earliest. Nicolotti dates it between 609 and , when the Image of Edessa was brought to Constantinople. Palmer dates it to the seventh century, and had specifically suggested between 629–630, although this has been rejected by Angelo Gramaglia. Mirkovic notes that it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8448419", "chunk_text": "\"Epistle of James\"\nEpistle of James The Epistle of James (), the Book of James, or simply James, is one of the 21 epistles (didactic letters) in the New Testament. The author identifies himself as \"\"James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ,\"\" who is writing to \"\"the twelve tribes scattered abroad\"\" (James 1:1). The epistle is traditionally attributed to James the brother of Jesus (James the Just), and the audience is generally considered to be Jewish Christians, who were dispersed outside Palestine. Framed within an overall theme of patient perseverance during trials and temptations, James writes to encourage believers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14910218", "chunk_text": "\"Acts 13\"\nBarnabas took place about AD 47-48. This chapter can be grouped: This Lucius of Cyrene is thought to be the same person as mentioned in , or the same as Luke, the writer of the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles. While they were engaged in the worship of the Lord and were fasting, the Holy Spirit said: \"\"Set apart for me Barnabas and Saul, for the work to which I have called them.\"\" Accordingly, after fasting and prayer, they placed their hands on them and dismissed them. Barnabas and Saul, sent on this mission, as they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_302	what is the meaning of the name gomez?	n/a	[ "man" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2205592", "chunk_text": "\"Gómez\"\nthe surname was higher than national average (1:61) in the following departments: Notable people with the surname include: Gómez Gómez is a common Spanish surname. The Portuguese and Old Galician version is Gomes, while the Catalan form is Gomis. The name is sometimes spelled without the original spanish accent in the United States and Britain. It is derived from the given name \"\"Gomes\"\" which is a loanword of the Visigothic word \"\"guma\"\" \"\"man\"\". It is itself related to the Common Germanic word \"\"guma\"\" (Old English guma \"\"man\"\", Middle English \"\"gome\"\") / \"\"gomo\"\" (High Old German \"\"gomo\"\" \"\"man\"\", Middle High German", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18472096", "chunk_text": "\"Gómez\"\nGómez Gómez is a common Spanish surname. The Portuguese and Old Galician version is Gomes, while the Catalan form is Gomis. The name is sometimes spelled without the original spanish accent in the United States and Britain. It is derived from the given name \"\"Gomes\"\" which is a loanword of the Visigothic word \"\"guma\"\" \"\"man\"\". It is itself related to the Common Germanic word \"\"guma\"\" (Old English guma \"\"man\"\", Middle English \"\"gome\"\") / \"\"gomo\"\" (High Old German \"\"gomo\"\" \"\"man\"\", Middle High German \"\"gome\"\") related to Latin \"\"homo\"\" \"\"man\"\". As of 2014, 27.1% of all known bearers of the surname \"\"Gómez\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8003598", "chunk_text": "\"Gomez Addams\"\nseries was being developed, Charles Addams suggested naming the character either Repelli or Gomez. Addams left the final choice up to portrayer John Astin, who chose Gomez. Because \"\"Gómez\"\" is usually recognized as a family name in Spanish-speaking countries, in Hispanic America the character's name was changed to \"\"Homero\"\" (\"\"Homer\"\"). Like the other members of the family, Gomez's personality became largely codified by the television series. Gomez is of Castilian extraction. John Astin had long sessions with Addams and series producer David Levy, who gave him free rein in developing the character. Enlarging on Addams' description of Gomez as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10547371", "chunk_text": "Luis\nfirst stem was \"\"(h)lod-\"\", meaning booty, which would give the meaning \"\"warrior for booty\"\" (or: \"\"warrior who captured booty\"\") for the full name. Modern forms of the name are the German name Ludwig and the Dutch form Lodewijk. \"\"Luis\"\" and the other Iberian forms more closely resemble the French name Louis, a derivation of the Latinized form Clovis, known from the kings of the Franks. The sanctified French king Louis IX (Saint Louis) contributed much to the popularity of the name. Luis is rooted from Armenian Luis - Լոյս meaning light. Luis Luis is a given name. It is the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6046015", "chunk_text": "\"Cura (surname)\"\n(2), Miguel (2), Alfonso, Alicia, Bernardo, Enrique, Estela, Evangelina, Genaro; Joao; Aldo, Antonio, Elio, Federico, Gino, Silvio.(number of times this surname appears in a sample database of 88.7 million names, representing one third of the 1997 US population) Cura (surname) Cura is a surname, and may refer to: HISTORY: Cura is a noble ancient Roman family name. ETYMOLOGY: \"\"Cura\"\" is the name of a divine figure whose name means \"\"Care\"\" or \"\"Concern\"\" in Latin. Hyginus seems to have created both the personification and story for his Fabulae, poem 220. ORIGIN: 1. Latin: for \"\"care\"\", \"\"cure\"\", or \"\"concern\"\". 2. Spanish and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7004461", "chunk_text": "\"Otumba de Gómez Farías\"\nwas an important market for the animals, and they are still culturally important. Each year, the municipality sponsors a Feria de Burros or Donkey Fair, where the animals star in fashion shows, costume contests, and races. There is also a donkey sanctuary for unwanted animals. The name Otumba comes from Nahuatl and means \"\"place of otomis.\"\" The appendage \"\"Gómez Farías\"\" was added in honor of Valentín Gómez Farías. The Aztec glyph for the area depicts an Otomi character with the sign meaning place. The municipality is represented by this glyph and by a Spanish coat of arms. This area was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18032066", "chunk_text": "Surname\nthe\"\", when the following word is masculine) or \"\"de la\"\" (\"\"of the\"\", when the following word is feminine). For example, if \"\"Clara Reyes Alba\"\" were to marry \"\"Alberto Gómez Rodríguez\"\", the wife could use \"\"Clara Reyes \"\"de\"\" Gómez\"\" as her name (or \"\"Clara Reyes Gómez\"\", or, rarely, \"\"Clara Gómez Reyes\"\". She can be addressed as \"\"Sra. de Gómez\"\" corresponding to \"\"Mrs Gómez\"\"). In some countries, this form may be mainly social and not an official name change, i.e. her name would still legally be her birth name. This custom of adding the husband's surname is slowly fading. Sometimes a father", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3092911", "chunk_text": "\"Alberto Gómez Gómez\"\nin a humorous way. Alberto Gómez Gómez was born the second of seven children to Luis Horacio Gómez and Alicia Gómez. His work was strongly affected by his mother being diagnosed with bipolar disorder when he was a young boy. He wrote of his mother's crises: \"\"I marveled at my mother's perceptions of the world around her. For her, in her manic phases; past, present and future occupied the same mental space. Her passionate proclamations were focused, awful, beautiful, overwhelming. To bring to any piece of work that compelling sense of clarity, certainty and interrelation — that has always been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8003600", "chunk_text": "\"Gomez Addams\"\nlapel) while simultaneously checking a wrist watch. Gomez is an athletic, acrobatic, and eccentric multi-billionaire. Though an extremely successful businessman, having acquired much of his wealth through inheritance and investments, he has little regard for money and will casually spend thousands of dollars on any whimsical endeavor. Gomez's investments are guided more by whimsy than strategy, yet luck rarely fails him. Gomez owns businesses around the world, including a swamp, bought for \"\"scenic value\"\", crocodile farm, a buzzard farm, a salt mine, a tombstone factory, a uranium mine, and many others. In Forbes 2007 \"\"Fictional 15\"\" list of the richest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17893817", "chunk_text": "\"Gomez Addams\"\nGomez Addams Gomez Addams is the patriarch of The Addams Family, created by cartoonist Charles Addams for \"\"The New Yorker\"\" magazine in the 1930s, and subsequently portrayed in television, film and stage. In Charles Addams's original cartoons, Gomez was the nameless patriarch of the Family. He had a somewhat grotesque appearance, with a tubby body, a snub-nose, a crooked tooth and a receding chin. He was often depicted reading in the den or lounging on the windowsill. In the Charles Addams cartoons, Gomez—as with all of the members of the family—had no given name. When \"\"The Addams Family\"\" 1964 television", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6715736", "chunk_text": "\"Jonas (name)\"\nreligion, especially in Scandinavian countries and Germany. In Turkish, Arabic, Persian and the Muslim world the equivalent name is Yunus (یونس) or Younes. In North America the name found popularity among Métis and Aboriginals in the Northwest. Jonas possibly originates from the Greek word Ίωνας (Ionas), a member of the Greek tribe (Ιωνες) Iones or Ionians, who colonized western Asia. It is the Greek transliteration of \"\"Jonah\"\" (as in the Old Testament Book of Jonah). The Hebrew version of the name means Dove; That is because the word 'Jonas' comes from the Greek word οιωνός (pronounced: e-oh-nos), meaning sign or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1711029", "chunk_text": "\"José Horacio Gómez\"\nthrone of grace\"\" (Hebrews 4:16). Gómez was born in Monterrey, Mexico, to José H. Gómez and Esperanza Velasco. One of five children, he has three older sisters and one younger sister. He attended the Monterrey Institute of Technology before entering the National University of Mexico where he earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Accounting and a Bachelor of Arts degree in Philosophy in 1975. While attending college, he joined Opus Dei, a Catholic organization founded by Saint Josemaría Escrivá which teaches people to seek holiness in their ordinary activities. Gómez studied at the Rome campus of the University of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18472097", "chunk_text": "\"Gómez\"\nwere residents of Mexico (frequency 1:95), 13.2% of Colombia (1:75), 10.5% of Spain (1:92), 10.2% of Argentina (1:87), 6.1% of the United States (1:1,237), 5.5% of Guatemala (1:61), 5.0% of Venezuela (1:125), 2.6% of Peru (1:250), 2.4% of Cuba (1:101), 2.3% of the Philippines (1:930), 2.0% of Honduras (1:90), 1.8% of Chile (1:207), 1.7% of the Dominican Republic (1:125), 1.5% of Paraguay (1:99), 1.4% of Ecuador (1:241), 1.2% of El Salvador (1:110) and 1.1% of Nicaragua (1:111). In Spain, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:92) in the following autonomous communities: In Guatemala, the frequency of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12218888", "chunk_text": "\"Camilla (given name)\"\nfilm of 1915, but it became widely known (and led to an increased popularity of the given name in the United States) with Greta Garbo's \"\"Camille\"\" of 1936. Camilla (given name) Camilla is a feminine given name. The French variant Camille may be either masculine or feminine. The Portuguese and Spanish variant is spelled Camila, in Slavic languages it is Kamila. It ultimately originates as the feminine of \"\"camillus\"\", a term for a youth serving as acolyte in the ritual of ancient Roman religion, which may ultimately be of Etruscan origin. Hypocorisms of the name include \"\"Milly\"\", \"\"Millie\"\", and \"\"Mille\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6046014", "chunk_text": "\"Cura (surname)\"\nCura (surname) Cura is a surname, and may refer to: HISTORY: Cura is a noble ancient Roman family name. ETYMOLOGY: \"\"Cura\"\" is the name of a divine figure whose name means \"\"Care\"\" or \"\"Concern\"\" in Latin. Hyginus seems to have created both the personification and story for his Fabulae, poem 220. ORIGIN: 1. Latin: for \"\"care\"\", \"\"cure\"\", or \"\"concern\"\". 2. Spanish and Portuguese: from cura \"\"priest\"\". 3. Italian: probably a habitational name from Cura Carpignano in Pavia province, or other places named with this word. GIVEN NAMES: Spanish 38%; Portuguese 11%; Italian 9%. Jose (4), Pedro (3), Cayetano (2), Cristina", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14815742", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish naming customs\"\nh. (son of): A man named like his father, might append the lower-case suffix h. (denoting \"\"hijo\"\", son) to his surname, thus distinguishing himself, \"\"Juan Gómez Marcos, h.\"\", from his father, \"\"Juan Gómez Marcos\"\"; the English analogue is \"\"Jr.\"\" (\"\"son\"\"). –ez: Spanish surnames ending in -ez originated as patronymics denoting \"\"the son of\"\" – \"\"Fernández\"\" (son of Fernando), \"\"González\"\" (son of Gonzalo) – yet not every such surname is patronymic, because in many Spanish dialects the Spanish-language letters z and s are pronounced alike, leading to the same word being spelt with either \"\"s\"\" or \"\"z\"\". In Hispano-American Spanish, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11304633", "chunk_text": "\"Gómez Municipality\"\nGómez Municipality Gómez is a municipality of Isla Margarita in the state of Nueva Esparta, Venezuela. The municipality is in the northeast of Margarita. The capital is Santa Ana. The county is divided into five parishes: Bolivar Guevara, Matasiete, Santa Ana and Sucre. The region in the east and south of the municipality is characterized by mountain ridges with forested valleys. The northern half is lower, flatter, and much warmer than the mountains. The average annual temperature is . Annual precipitation averages . The pueblo del Norte (now Santa Ana) village was founded around 1530 under the governorship of Aldonza", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18700608", "chunk_text": "\"Luce (name)\"\nLuce (name) Luce is an American, English, Irish, Scottish, Welsh, French and Italian surname. It is also a French and Italian feminine given name, variant of Lucia and Lucy, or masculine name, variant of Luc (given name). Meaning of given name Luce is \"\"light\"\". The English Luce surname is taken from the Norman language that was Latin-based and derives from place names in Normandy based on Latin male personal name Lucius. It was transmitted to England after the Norman Conquest in the 11th century. Alternative spellings and related names are: Luci, Lucy, Lucey, Lucie, Lucia, Luke. Luce can refer to:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1485237", "chunk_text": "\"Wilfredo Gómez\"\nlady with whom he had been living for ten months. He was released after she refused to raise charges against him. British boxer Michael Gomez adapted his last name from Armstrong to Gomez as a homage to Wilfredo, who was his childhood idol. A biographical book about Gomez, written by author Christian Giudice and named \"\"A Fire Burns Within\"\", was released May 9, 2016. Gomez was hospitalized on May 21, 2018 in Cupey, Puerto Rico, suffering from a pulmonary edema and pneumonia. Wilfredo Gómez Wilfredo Gómez Rivera (; born October 29, 1956), sometimes referred to as Bazooka Gómez, is a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "527457", "chunk_text": "\"Gomez (band)\"\nGomez (band) Gomez are an English indie rock band from Southport, comprising Ian Ball (vocals, guitar), Paul \"\"Blackie\"\" Blackburn (bass), Tom Gray (vocals, guitars, keyboards), Ben Ottewell (vocals, guitars) and Olly Peacock (drums, synths, computers). The band has three singers and four songwriters, employing traditional and electronic instruments. Their music covers the genres blues, indie, alternative, rock, folk, psychedelic and experimental. Their first album, \"\"Bring It On\"\", won the Mercury Music Prize in 1998. Later awards came from the \"\"NME\"\" and \"\"Q Magazine\"\" along with a Brit Awards nomination. Gomez began their career on Hut records (Virgin), signing in 1997.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15057118", "chunk_text": "\"Héctor Abad Gómez\"\nthis will bring us more happiness than simple pleasure in material goods. 3. The knowledge that we are contributing to building a better world must be the highest of human aspirations. 4. People dedicated to cultivate intelect, also ideas of peace and justice are feeling that they can help the welfare of all human beings, regardless of race, religion or nationality. These people feel that they have a mission they have to fulfill. They Know that the world will never come to Utopia. They know people will never stop working to get a little closer than now, to the fulfillment", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9042640", "chunk_text": "\"Diana (name)\"\nDiana (name) Diana or Diane is a feminine given name probably derived from an Indo-European root word referring to the divine. It is the name of the Roman goddess Diana, the goddess of the hunt, forests, and childbirth. The French form of the name is Diane. In Persian Diana means \"\"supplier (messenger) of beneficence and wellness\"\". Diana has consistently ranked among the top 200 names used for girls born in the United States since the 1930s. It was the 107th most popular name for baby girls born in the United States in 2007. It was the 96th most common name", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18032068", "chunk_text": "Surname\n\"\"Andrés Gómez Reyes\"\" and \"\"Ana Gómez Reyes\"\". In Spain, a 1995 reform in the law allows the parents to choose whether the father's or the mother's surname goes first, although this order must be the same for all their children. For instance, the name of the son of the couple in the example above could be either \"\"Andrés Gómez Reyes\"\" or \"\"Andrés Reyes Gómez\"\". Sometimes, for single mothers or when the father would or could not recognize the child, the mother's surname has been used twice: for example, \"\"Ana Reyes Reyes\"\". In Spain, however, children with just one parent receive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16655988", "chunk_text": "\"Constantine (name)\"\nConstantine (name) Constantine ( or ; Latin: Cōnstantīnus, Greek: , \"\"Kōnstantînos\"\") is a masculine given name and surname which is derived from the Latin name \"\"Constantinus\"\", a hypocoristic of the first names Constans and Constantius, both meaning \"\"constant, steadfast\"\" in Latin. The names are the Latin equivalents of the Bulgarian name 'Стоян' and the Greek name \"\"Eustáthios\"\" (Εὐστάθιος), meaning the same, not changing, standing. The name \"\"Constantine\"\" is still very common in Greece and Cyprus, the forms Κώστας (Kostas), Κωστής (Kostis) and Ντίνος (Dinos) being popular hypocoristics. The popularity stems from the eleven Roman and Byzantine emperors (beginning with St.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13844909", "chunk_text": "\"Luis (letter)\"\nLuis (letter) Luis (ᚂ) is the second letter of the Ogham alphabet, derived either from \"\"luise\"\" \"\"flame\"\" or from \"\"lus\"\" \"\"herb\"\". Its Proto-Indo-European root was either \"\"leuk-\"\" 'to shine' or \"\"leudh-\"\" 'to grow'. Its phonetic value is [l]. The \"\"Auraicept na n-Éces\"\" glosses the name as \"\"cairtheand\"\" \"\"mountain-ash\"\", i.e. \"\"rowan\"\" (Modern Irish \"\"caorthann\"\"). The associated verse is : \"\"Li sula\"\" \"\"lustre of eye\"\" The Auraincept interprets this as \"\"delightful to the eye is \"\"luis\"\", i.e. rowan, owing to the beauty of its berries\"\". In the medieval kennings, called \"\"Bríatharogam\"\" or \"\"Word Ogham\"\" the verses associated with \"\"Luis\"\" are: lí súla", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18640513", "chunk_text": "\"Alberto Gómez Gómez\"\npeople, buildings, and landscape to be inclusive of one another, or side by side, though they clearly belong to disparate time frames. In some canvases, subtly impossible points of view (which are ostensibly suggested to occupy three dimensions) are inserted into standard layouts of vanishing line perspective — in the same picture plane — in ways that can at once be convincingly real, albeit vaguely unsettling. Gómez Gómez's work often typifies self-contradictory reference to the key subject matter; for example, the father referred to in a title may appear in the painting as a baby boy while his children are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11592898", "chunk_text": "\"Leah (given name)\"\nwas a top 25 name from 2002 until 2014, and in Norway it was a top 100 name from 2003 through 2014. In 2014 the name ranked at 35th most popular in the US, 78th most popular in the UK, 27th most popular in Ireland, and 19th most popular in Norway. Leah (given name) The meaning of the name “Leah” is different in several languages, countries and cultures and has more than one possibly same or different meanings available. The name is likely to have Hebrew origins from Biblical times. It has the meaning of “wearied” or “grieved”. Many speculate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13333106", "chunk_text": "\"Gomez Mill House\"\nGomez Mill House The Gomez Mill House is located in the Town of Newburgh, New York, USA, on Mill House Road a short distance off US 9W, just south of the Orange–Ulster county line (its mailing address is in nearby Marlboro, in the latter). Over 300 years old, it is the earliest known surviving Jewish dwelling in North America and the oldest home in Orange County listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Luis Moses Gomez, a Sephardic Jewish merchant and trader whose Spanish Jewish ancestors fled to France to escape from the Spanish Inquisition for the New World,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8003605", "chunk_text": "\"Gomez Addams\"\nFester is Gomez's brother (in the television show, he was Morticia's uncle). \"\"The Addams Family\"\" notes that Gomez's parents were murdered by an angry mob, though in one scene in the sequel, when Gomez catches Fester with a pornographic magazine, they both look at the centerfold (unseen by the viewer) and fondly say \"\"Mom\"\". In \"\"Addams Family Values\"\", Gomez and Morticia have a third child named Pubert, a seemingly indestructible baby with a thin, black moustache like his father. Gomez Addams Gomez Addams is the patriarch of The Addams Family, created by cartoonist Charles Addams for \"\"The New Yorker\"\" magazine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7809046", "chunk_text": "\"José Gómez (activist)\"\nJosé Gómez (activist) José Gómez (born Joseph Gómez, September 28, 1943 – September 14, 2014) was an American labor and civil rights activist and educator. He was most widely known for his work as executive assistant to president of the United Farm Workers Cesar Chavez, for founding the Committee on Gay Legal Issues (COGLI) at Harvard Law School, and for his law review article \"\"The Public Expression of Lesbian/Gay Personhood as Protected Speech.\"\" José Gómez was born September 28, 1943, in Colorado and grew up in Wyoming. He was the son of Juan Gonzalez Gómez and Mercedes Aragon Gómez, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11579210", "chunk_text": "\"Lolita (given name)\"\nLolita (given name) Lolita (, , or ) is a female given name of Spanish origin. It is the diminutive form of Lola, a hypocorism of Dolores, which means \"\"suffering\"\" in Spanish. According to the United States Social Security Administration, the popularity of the name Lolita peaked in the United States in 1963, when it was the 467th most popular female name. The SSA has not ranked Lolita in the top 1000 most popular female names given since 1973, and in the 1990 United States Census, Lolita was ranked the 969th most frequent female name out of 4,275 unique names.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10524037", "chunk_text": "\"Luis Moises Gomez\"\nLuis Moises Gomez Luis Moses Gomez (c. 1660–1740 ) was a Sephardic Jewish merchant and trader, whose Spanish Jewish ancestors fled to France and England to escape from the Spanish Inquisition for the New World. Gomez came to New York in 1703. In 1705 he was granted an Act of Denization from Queen Anne of England. This certificate gave him rights to conduct business, own property, and live freely within the Colonies without an oath of allegiance to the Church of England. Gomez established himself as a prominent businessman and leader within the early Jewish community in New York and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7995897", "chunk_text": "\"Theodore (name)\"\nTheodore (name) Theodore is a masculine given name. It comes from the Greek name Θεόδωρος (\"\"Theódoros\"\") meaning \"\"God-given\"\" (from the Greek words θεός, (\"\"theós\"\") \"\"God\"\" and δώρον (\"\"dōron\"\") \"\"gift\"\"). The name was borne by several figures in ancient Greece, such as Theodorus of Samos and Theodorus the Atheist, but gained popularity due to the rise of Christendom. In any form, it means \"\"God-given\"\", or \"\"gift of God\"\": as do the given names Jonathan, Nathanael, Mattaniah, Matthew, Dosetai, Bogdan (or Bohdan), Ataullah, Adeodatus and Devadatta. The feminine form of Theodore is Theodora. The names Dorothy and Godiva also mean \"\"gift of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10165090", "chunk_text": "\"Jewelle Gomez\"\nMinor LeClaire, a nurse, and John Gomez, a bartender. Gomez was raised by her great-grandmother, Grace, who was born on Indian land in Iowa to an African-American mother and Ioway father. Grace returned to New England before she was 14, when her father died, and she was married to John E. Morandus, a Wampanoag and descendant of Massasoit, the sachem for whom Massachusetts was named. Growing up in the 1950s and 1960s Gomez was shaped socially and politically by the close family ties with her great-grandmother, Grace, and grandmother Lydia. Their history of independence as well as marginalization in an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10547370", "chunk_text": "Luis\nLuis Luis is a given name. It is the Spanish form of the originally Germanic name \"\"Hludowig\"\" or \"\"Chlodovech\"\". Other Iberian Romance languages have comparable forms: Luís (with an accent mark on the i) in Portuguese and Galician, Lluís in Aragonese and Lluís in Catalan, while Luiz is archaic in Portugal, but common in Brazil. The Germanic name \"\"Chlodowig\"\" (and its variants) is usually said to be composed of the words for \"\"fame\"\" (\"\"hlūd\"\") and \"\"warrior\"\" (\"\"wīg\"\") and hence may be translated to \"\"famous warrior\"\" or \"\"famous in battle\"\". According to Dutch onomatologists however, it is more likely that the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9042641", "chunk_text": "\"Diana (name)\"\nfor girls and women in the United States in the 1990 census. Diana ranks among the 100 most popular names for baby girls born in Hungary, Spain, and Ukraine, where it was among the top 10 most popular names for baby girls born in 2008. It may refer to: Diana (name) Diana or Diane is a feminine given name probably derived from an Indo-European root word referring to the divine. It is the name of the Roman goddess Diana, the goddess of the hunt, forests, and childbirth. The French form of the name is Diane. In Persian Diana means \"\"supplier", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5279809", "chunk_text": "Chloe\nChloe Chloe (also \"\"Chloë\"\", \"\"Chloé\"\"), () is a feminine name, meaning \"\"blooming\"\" or \"\"fertility\"\". It has been a very popular name in the United Kingdom since about 1990, peaking in popularity later in the 1990s and during the first decade of the 21st century. The name comes from the Greek (\"\"khlóē\"\"), of the many names of the Greek goddess Demeter, and refers to the young, green foliage or shoots of plants. The name appears in the New Testament, in 1 Corinthians 1:11 in the context of \"\"the house of Chloe\"\". The French equivalent is spelled Chloé. In Northern Ireland, \"\"Chloe\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3092910", "chunk_text": "\"Alberto Gómez Gómez\"\nAlberto Gómez Gómez Alberto Gómez Gómez (born December 12, 1956) is a figurative artist, painter and master print maker. Born in Bogotá, Colombia, Gómez Gómez became a citizen of the United States on July 29, 2011. He is best known for producing monumentally scaled murals in the United States and Colombia. His art can also be found in private collections throughout the European capitals of Spain, Belgium, South Africa, Russia, Germany, the United Kingdom, and Italy. His signature style depicts people, figures, and daily life. His works often address spiritual, social, philosophical, historical, and political events and issues, although often", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11891858", "chunk_text": "\"Uma (given name)\"\nUma (given name) Uma is a given name in various cultures. In India, it is the name of the Hindu goddess, who is more commonly known as Parvati. In Sanskrit the word \"\"\"\" can further mean \"\"tranquillity\"\", \"\"splendour\"\", \"\"fame\"\" and \"\"night\"\". In Hebrew and Aramaic its meaning is \"\"nation\"\". It is also used by the Tiv people of Cameroon and Nigeria where the meaning in the Tiv language is \"\"life\"\". The name Uma is also popular in the Otukpo subgroup of the Idoma people of Nigeria and the meaning in the Idoma language is \"\"to shine\"\". Uma in Balinese means", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11088363", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish naming customs\"\nAramaic כיפא (Kepha). He believed that the suffix \"\"-[n]e\"\" was inherently feminine, and new names like \"\"Nekane\"\" (\"\"pain\"\"+\"\"ne\"\",\"\"Dolores\"\") or \"\"Garbiñe\"\" (\"\"clean\"\"+\"\"ne\"\", \"\"Immaculate [Conception]\"\") are frequent among Basque females. Basque surnames usually denote the patronymic house of the bearer; e.g. \"\"Etxebarria\"\" – \"\"the new house\"\", from \"\"etxe\"\" (house) + \"\"barri\"\" (new) + \"\"a\"\" (the), denotes \"\"related to a so-named farmhouse\"\"; in the same way, \"\"Garaikoetxea\"\" – \"\"the house in the heights\"\", \"\"garai\"\" (\"\"height\"\") + \"\"etxe\"\" (\"\"house\"\") + \"\"a\"\" (the). Sometimes, surnames denote not the house itself but a characteristic of the place, e.g. \"\"Saratxaga\"\" – \"\"willow-place\"\", from \"\"saratze\"\" (\"\"willow\"\") + \"\"-aga\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "328457", "chunk_text": "\"Darío Gómez\"\nas lead singer of the duet \"\"Los Legendarios\"\" and nine as a solo artist. As a young boy Gomez loved to sing the ranchera genre while picking coffee in the farms of Antioquia. He was discovered as a young boy and started writing songs at the age of 14 while working as a mechanic. He was the fourth child of twelve siblings. He was later hired by a group known as \"\"Los Legendarios\"\" (Spanish for The Legendaries). Gomez has had four children with his wife. His oldest daughter was killed in 2004 by a stray bullet on a bus in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18366116", "chunk_text": "\"Maiden and married names\"\nfamily names (surnames), the father's and the mother's (except in Argentina, where only the rich use this as symbol of status). Any children a couple have together take both first-surnames, so if \"\"José Gómez Hevia\"\" and \"\"María Reyes García\"\" had a child named \"\"Andrés\"\", the resulting name would be \"\"Andrés Gómez Reyes\"\". In Spain, a 1995 reform in the law allows the parents to choose whether the father's or the mother's surname goes first, although this order must be the same for all their children. For instance, the name of the son of the couple in the example above could", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5712657", "chunk_text": "\"Camilla (given name)\"\nCamilla (given name) Camilla is a feminine given name. The French variant Camille may be either masculine or feminine. The Portuguese and Spanish variant is spelled Camila, in Slavic languages it is Kamila. It ultimately originates as the feminine of \"\"camillus\"\", a term for a youth serving as acolyte in the ritual of ancient Roman religion, which may ultimately be of Etruscan origin. Hypocorisms of the name include \"\"Milly\"\", \"\"Millie\"\", and \"\"Mille\"\". The name Camillo is the Italian male version of Camilla. \"\"Camillus\"\" came to be used as a cognomen in Rome, and \"\"Camilla\"\" would be the feminine form of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18366117", "chunk_text": "\"Maiden and married names\"\nbe settled whether \"\"Andrés Gómez Reyes\"\" or \"\"Andrés Reyes Gómez\"\". In some Spanish-American countries it is customary for women to unofficially add the husband's first surname after her own, for social purposes such as invitation letters or event announcements. The couple above may introduce themselves as José Gómez Hevia and María Reyes de Gómez. The Civil Code provides several options for married women on what surname to take upon marriage: A woman may also keep her maiden name, as Philippine law does not require a woman to take her husband's surname at marriage. This is commonly done for professional reasons,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9810717", "chunk_text": "\"Banu Gómez\"\nended in the male line. The heiresses they engendered would provide major landholdings to their spouses and descendants, among whom were the Osorio, Lara, and Castro families. Likewise, the heiress of one branch, Elo Alfonso, would bring her branch's share to her husband Pedro Ansúrez, and thus contributed to the resurgence of the junior line of the Banu Gómez. The patronymic of founder Alfonso Díaz, his apparent origin in the region of Liébana, and his appearance in close proximity to the Banu Gómez in documents have led to the supposition that he represented another son of the first Banu Gómez", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5814551", "chunk_text": "\"Selena Gomez\"\nOctober 2018. Gomez has earned numerous awards throughout her career, including an ALMA Award, an American Music Award, an MTV Video Music Award, a People's Choice Award, two Billboard Women in Music Awards, and eighteen Teen Choice Awards. Selena Marie Gomez was born in Grand Prairie, Texas on July 22, 1992, to Ricardo Joel Gomez and former stage actress Amanda Dawn \"\"Mandy\"\" Cornett. Gomez was named after Tejano singer and actress Selena Quintanilla-Pérez, who died in 1995. Her father is of Mexican descent while her mother, who was adopted, has some Italian ancestry. Regarding her Hispanic heritage, Gomez has stated,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "955468", "chunk_text": "\"Dolores (given name)\"\nnickname for individuals named Dolores, based on the name's second syllable. Dolores (given name) Dolores is a feminine given name of Spanish origin. In an etymological sense, the name Dolores from the Spanish word \"\"dolores\"\", which is the plural form of \"\"dolor\"\", meaning either sorrow or pain, and word can be traced even further back, into Latin. However, the usage of Dolores as a given name has its origins in the strong influence that the Roman Catholic Church has on Spain and, by extension, Spanish-speaking countries. The name is a reference to Nuestra Señora de los Dolores, one of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17082423", "chunk_text": "\"Mario Gómez\"\nin Riedlingen. He was brought up in nearby Unlingen, an Upper Swabian village in the state of Baden-Württemberg in southwestern Germany, about 100 km south of Stuttgart and 175 km west of Munich. Gómez is of German-Spanish descent; his father, José \"\"Pepe\"\" Gómez García, is a Spaniard from Albuñán, Granada, and his mother, Christel Roth, is German. He has dual citizenship and opted to play for Germany. Gómez ended his nine-year relationship with Silvia Meichel on 2 October 2012. Gómez began dating German model Carina Wanzung in December 2012. They married on 22 July 2016. Mario Gómez Mario Gómez García", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6745197", "chunk_text": "\"Alejandro Darío Gómez\"\nAlejandro Darío Gómez Alejandro Darío Gómez (; born 15 February 1988), nicknamed \"\"Papu\"\", is an Italian-Argentine footballer who plays as a forward, winger or as an attacking midfielder for Italian club Atalanta and the Argentina national football team. Gómez is a dual citizen of Argentina and Italy, having gained Italian citizenship on 14 May 2016, as his wife is an Italian citizen. Gómez began his career playing with the youth squad of Argentine side Arsenal de Sarandí, debuting for the team in 2003. Two years later, he was officially called up to the first team, but did not feature as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14213006", "chunk_text": "\"Adam (given name)\"\nspelled Addams). In other languages there are similar surnames derived from Adam, such as Adamo, Adamov, Adamowicz, Adamski etc. In Arabic, Adam (آدم) means \"\"made from the earth/mud/clay\"\". Adam (given name) Adam is a common masculine given name. The personal name \"\"Adam\"\" derives from the Hebrew noun \"\"ha adamah\"\" meaning \"\"the ground\"\" or \"\"earth\"\". Its Quranic and Biblical usage has ensured that it is also a common name in all countries which draw on these traditions. It is particularly common in Christian and Muslim majority countries. In most languages its spelling is the same, although the pronunciation varies somewhat. Adán", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_303	how long have we been celebrating pi day?	n/a	[ "1988", "2009" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14091454", "chunk_text": "\"Pi Day\"\nthe \"\"month/day\"\" format). In 1988, the earliest known official or large-scale celebration of Pi Day was organized by Larry Shaw at the San Francisco Exploratorium, where Shaw worked as a physicist, with staff and public marching around one of its circular spaces, then consuming fruit pies. The Exploratorium continues to hold Pi Day celebrations. On March 12, 2009, the U.S. House of Representatives passed a non-binding resolution (), recognizing March 14, 2009 as National Pi Day. For Pi Day 2010, Google presented a Google Doodle celebrating the holiday, with the word Google laid over images of circles and pi symbols;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14091453", "chunk_text": "\"Pi Day\"\nPi Day Pi Day is an annual celebration of the mathematical constant (pi). Pi Day is observed on March 14 (3/14 in the \"\"month/day\"\" format) since 3, 1, and 4 are the first three significant digits of . In 2009, the United States House of Representatives supported the designation of Pi Day. Pi Approximation Day is observed on July 22 (22/7 in the \"\"day/month\"\" format), since the fraction is a common approximation of, which is accurate to two decimal places and dates from Archimedes. Two Pi Day, also known as Tau Day, is lightly observed on June 28 (6/28 in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5560395", "chunk_text": "\"Pi Day\"\nand for the 30th anniversary in 2018, it was a Dominique Ansel pie with the circumference divided by its diameter. The entire month of March 2014 (3/14) was observed by some as \"\"Pi Month\"\". In the year 2015, March 14 was celebrated as \"\"Super Pi Day\"\". It had special significance, as the date is written as 3/14/15 in month/day/year format. At 9:26:53, the date and time together represented the first 10 digits of . Pi Day has been observed in many ways, including eating pie, throwing pies and discussing the significance of the number , due to a pun based", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4498833", "chunk_text": "\"Larry Shaw (Pi)\"\n1:59 p.m. with visitors holding a sign with a digit of pi, a pi shrine, eating of pies (fruit and pizza), singing happy birthday to Albert Einstein, and more. Larry Shaw would lead the parade in his red cap with the digits of pi. Pi Day was recognized as a national holiday in 2009 and is internationally celebrated. Also, 2015 was a special year with it being written 3/14/15, calling it \"\"Pi Day of the Century\"\". Shaw felt the best thing about Pi Day was making math more accessible, fun for those who may have had problems in school. When", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14091456", "chunk_text": "\"Pi Day\"\non the words \"\"pi\"\" and \"\"pie\"\" being homophones in English (), and the coincidental circular nature of a pie. Massachusetts Institute of Technology has often mailed its application decision letters to prospective students for delivery on Pi Day. Starting in 2012, MIT has announced it will post those decisions (privately) online on Pi Day at exactly 6:28 pm, which they have called \"\"Tau Time\"\", to honor the rival numbers pi and tau equally. In 2015, the regular decisions were put online at 9:26 AM, following that year's \"\"pi minute\"\". June 28 is \"\"Two Pi Day\"\", also known as \"\"Tau Day\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4928345", "chunk_text": "Pi\nincluded an error beginning at the 528th digit. The error was detected in 1946 and corrected in 1949. In Carl Sagan's novel \"\"Contact\"\" it is suggested that the creator of the universe buried a message deep within the digits of . The digits of have also been incorporated into the lyrics of the song \"\"Pi\"\" from the album \"\"Aerial\"\" by Kate Bush. In the United States, Pi Day falls on 14 March (written 3/14 in the US style), and is popular among students. and its digital representation are often used by self-described \"\"math geeks\"\" for inside jokes among mathematically and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5560397", "chunk_text": "\"Pi Day\"\n2, also known by the Greek letter tau (τ) is a common multiple in mathematical formulae. Some have argued that τ is the more fundamental constant, and that Tau Day should be celebrated instead. Celebrations of this date jokingly suggest eating \"\"twice the pie\"\". Princeton, New Jersey, hosts numerous events in a combined celebration of Pi Day and Albert Einstein's birthday, which is also March 14. Einstein lived in Princeton for more than twenty years while working at the Institute for Advanced Study. In addition to pie eating and recitation contests, there is an annual Einstein look-alike contest. Pi Day", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13318686", "chunk_text": "Pi\nin one turn, or as the ratio of a circle's circumference to its radius rather than its diameter, is more natural than and simplifies many formulas. Celebrations of this number, because it approximately equals 6.28, by making 28 June \"\"Tau Day\"\" and eating \"\"twice the pie\"\", have been reported in the media. However, this use of has not made its way into mainstream mathematics. In 1897, an amateur American mathematician attempted to persuade the Indiana legislature to pass the Indiana Pi Bill, which described a method to square the circle and contained text that implied various incorrect values for ,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7071984", "chunk_text": "\"World Maths Day\"\nWorld Maths Day World Maths Day (\"\"World Math Day\"\" in American English) is an online international mathematics competition, powered by educational resource provider 3P Learning (the same organisation behind the school resources Mathletics, Spellodrome and IntoScience). Smaller elements of the wider Mathletics program effectively power the World Maths Day event. The first World Maths Day was held on March 14, 2007 (Pi Day), and has been held on the 1st Wednesday in March in subsequent years. Despite these origins, the phrases \"\"World Maths Day\"\" and \"\"World Math Day\"\" are trademarks and not to be confused with other competitions such as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4928346", "chunk_text": "Pi\ntechnologically minded groups. Several college cheers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology include \"\"3.14159\"\". Pi Day in 2015 was particularly significant because the date and time 3/14/15 9:26:53 reflected many more digits of pi. During the 2011 auction for Nortel's portfolio of valuable technology patents, Google made a series of unusually specific bids based on mathematical and scientific constants, including . In 1958 Albert Eagle proposed replacing by (tau), where , to simplify formulas. However, no other authors are known to use in this way. Some people use a different value, , arguing that , as the number of radians", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10989080", "chunk_text": "\"Larry Shaw (Pi)\"\nDay in 1988 while at the Exploratorium. During an off-site staff retreat in 1988, he started talking with his co-workers, like Ron Hipschman, about the mysteries of mathematical constants. Shaw came up with the idea to link pi (3.14159…), which begins with 3.14, with the date 3/14 or March 14. Co-workers built on the idea and they had a mini-celebration with just the staff, starting with eating of pies. The next year, the holiday was held for all at the museum and every year since, even when the museum was closed during its move. The celebration includes a parade at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1017251", "chunk_text": "\"University of Waterloo Faculty of Mathematics\"\nstudent interests to the university, operates the Math Coffee and Donut Shop, publishes the Faculty newspaper \"\"mathNEWS\"\", and runs student services including an exam bank and lounge space. Pi Day is celebrated by the Department in each term: on 14 March (3/14), on 22 July (22/7, Pi Approximation Day), and on 10 November (the 314th day of the year). Typical activities include throwing pie at MathSoc executives and/or popular professors, viewing mathematics-related films, competing in pi recitation contests, and eating pie (on 22/7, cake is served instead, which is approximately pie). A yearly tradition at the University of Waterloo, a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9580707", "chunk_text": "\"Square Root Day\"\nSquare Root Day Square Root Day is an unofficial holiday celebrated on days when both the day of the month and the month are the square root of the last two digits of the year. For example, the last Square Root Day was April 4, 2016 (4/4/16), and the next Square Root Day will be May 5, 2025 (5/5/25). The final Square Root Day of the century will occur on September 9, 2081. Square Root Days fall upon the same nine dates each century. Ron Gordon, a Redwood City, California high school teacher, created the first Square Root Day for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9580709", "chunk_text": "\"Square Root Day\"\nevery odd number is the difference of two consecutive squares. Square Root Day Square Root Day is an unofficial holiday celebrated on days when both the day of the month and the month are the square root of the last two digits of the year. For example, the last Square Root Day was April 4, 2016 (4/4/16), and the next Square Root Day will be May 5, 2025 (5/5/25). The final Square Root Day of the century will occur on September 9, 2081. Square Root Days fall upon the same nine dates each century. Ron Gordon, a Redwood City, California", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9580708", "chunk_text": "\"Square Root Day\"\nSeptember 9, 1981 (9/9/81). Gordon remains the holiday's publicist, sending news releases to world media outlets. Gordon's daughter set up a Facebook group where people can share how they were celebrating the day. One suggested way of celebrating the holiday is by eating square radishes, or other root vegetables cut into shapes with square cross sections (thus creating a \"\"square root\"\"). Square Root Day occurs on the following dates each century: The number of years between consecutive Square Root Days in a century are consecutive odd numbers: 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17. This illustrates the fact that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5528955", "chunk_text": "Pi\nPi The number () is a mathematical constant. Originally defined as the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, it now has various equivalent definitions and appears in many formulas in all areas of mathematics and physics. It is approximately equal to 3.14159. It has been represented by the Greek letter \"\"\"\" since the mid-18th century, though it is also sometimes spelled out as \"\"pi\"\". It is also called Archimedes' constant. Being an irrational number, cannot be expressed as a common fraction (equivalently, its decimal representation never ends and never settles into a permanently repeating pattern). Still, fractions such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5528999", "chunk_text": "Pi\nproduces about 14 digits of per term, and has been used for several record-setting calculations, including the first to surpass 1 billion (10) digits in 1989 by the Chudnovsky brothers, 2.7 trillion (2.7×10) digits by Fabrice Bellard in 2009, 10 trillion (10) digits in 2011 by Alexander Yee and Shigeru Kondo, and the current record of over 22 trillion digits in 2016 by Peter Trueb. For similar formulas, see also the Ramanujan–Sato series. In 2006, Canadian mathematician Simon Plouffe used the PSLQ integer relation algorithm to generate several new formulas for , conforming to the following template: where is (Gelfond's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5528992", "chunk_text": "Pi\nrapidly, and the practice was universally adopted thereafter in the Western world, though the definition still varied between 3.14... and 6.28... as late as 1761. The development of computers in the mid-20th century again revolutionized the hunt for digits of . American mathematicians John Wrench and Levi Smith reached 1,120 digits in 1949 using a desk calculator. Using an inverse tangent (arctan) infinite series, a team led by George Reitwiesner and John von Neumann that same year achieved 2,037 digits with a calculation that took 70 hours of computer time on the ENIAC computer. The record, always relying on an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13318680", "chunk_text": "Pi\nan average ratio of between the actual length and the direct distance between source and mouth. Piphilology is the practice of memorizing large numbers of digits of , and world-records are kept by the \"\"Guinness World Records\"\". The record for memorizing digits of , certified by Guinness World Records, is 70,000 digits, recited in India by Rajveer Meena in 9 hours and 27 minutes on 21 March 2015. In 2006, Akira Haraguchi, a retired Japanese engineer, claimed to have recited 100,000 decimal places, but the claim was not verified by Guinness World Records. One common technique is to memorize a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16344336", "chunk_text": "\"Sequential time\"\nof the world) was the first fully palindromic time sequence of the twenty-first century. The next palindromic time sequence will be at 02:02:10 at 11/01/2020 (two minutes and twenty-one seconds past 2 AM on 11 January 2020 in most of the world). A sequential time occurred during Pi Day on 3/14/15 at 9:26:53.58979... following the sequence of pi to all digits. Sequential time A sequential time is one in which the numbers form a normal sequence, such as 1:02:03 4/5/06 (two minutes and three seconds past 1 AM on 4 May 2006 [or April 5, 2006 in the United States]", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4148945", "chunk_text": "\"Albert Einstein in popular culture\"\nthe subject of many quotes that have especially become popular in the internet age and are falsely attributed to him, including \"\"the definition of insanity\"\". In 1999, leading physicists voted Einstein the \"\"greatest physicist ever\"\". His birthday, March 14, is also Pi Day, so called because 3/14 corresponds to 3.14, the first three digits of the number Pi. The town of Princeton, New Jersey, where Einstein lived for more than 20 years, celebrates March 14 every year as \"\"Princeton Pi Day and Einstein Birthday Party.\"\" The children's television show \"\"Little Einsteins\"\" and the educational toys and videos of the Baby", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13318687", "chunk_text": "Pi\nincluding 3.2. The bill is notorious as an attempt to establish a value of scientific constant by legislative fiat. The bill was passed by the Indiana House of Representatives, but rejected by the Senate, meaning it did not become a law. In contemporary internet culture, individuals and organizations frequently pay homage to the number . For instance, the computer scientist Donald Knuth let the version numbers of his program TeX approach . The versions are 3, 3.1, 3.14, and so forth. Footnotes References Pi The number () is a mathematical constant. Originally defined as the ratio of a circle's circumference", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4928278", "chunk_text": "Pi\nregular hexagon inside and outside a circle, and successively doubling the number of sides until he reached a 96-sided regular polygon. By calculating the perimeters of these polygons, he proved that (that is ). Archimedes' upper bound of may have led to a widespread popular belief that is equal to . Around 150 AD, Greek-Roman scientist Ptolemy, in his \"\"Almagest\"\", gave a value for of 3.1416, which he may have obtained from Archimedes or from Apollonius of Perga. Mathematicians using polygonal algorithms reached 39 digits of in 1630, a record only broken in 1699 when infinite series were used to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5528975", "chunk_text": "Pi\na formula for the area of a circle that treats as () ≈ 3.1605. Astronomical calculations in the \"\"Shatapatha Brahmana\"\" (ca. 4th century BC) use a fractional approximation of ≈ 3.139 (an accuracy of 9×10). Other Indian sources by about 150 BC treat as ≈ 3.1622. The first recorded algorithm for rigorously calculating the value of was a geometrical approach using polygons, devised around 250 BC by the Greek mathematician Archimedes. This polygonal algorithm dominated for over 1,000 years, and as a result is sometimes referred to as \"\"Archimedes' constant\"\". Archimedes computed upper and lower bounds of by drawing a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5528994", "chunk_text": "Pi\nThe iterative algorithms were independently published in 1975–1976 by American physicist Eugene Salamin and Australian scientist Richard Brent. These avoid reliance on infinite series. An iterative algorithm repeats a specific calculation, each iteration using the outputs from prior steps as its inputs, and produces a result in each step that converges to the desired value. The approach was actually invented over 160 years earlier by Carl Friedrich Gauss, in what is now termed the arithmetic–geometric mean method (AGM method) or Gauss–Legendre algorithm. As modified by Salamin and Brent, it is also referred to as the Brent–Salamin algorithm. The iterative algorithms", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10501332", "chunk_text": "Pi\na polygon with 3×2 sides, which stood as the world record for about 180 years. French mathematician François Viète in 1579 achieved 9 digits with a polygon of 3×2 sides. Flemish mathematician Adriaan van Roomen arrived at 15 decimal places in 1593. In 1596, Dutch mathematician Ludolph van Ceulen reached 20 digits, a record he later increased to 35 digits (as a result, was called the \"\"Ludolphian number\"\" in Germany until the early 20th century). Dutch scientist Willebrord Snellius reached 34 digits in 1621, and Austrian astronomer Christoph Grienberger arrived at 38 digits in 1630 using 10 sides, which remains", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10501331", "chunk_text": "Pi\nthat (a fraction that goes by the name \"\"Milü\"\" in Chinese), using Liu Hui's algorithm applied to a 12,288-sided polygon. With a correct value for its seven first decimal digits, this value of 3.141592920 remained the most accurate approximation of available for the next 800 years. The Indian astronomer Aryabhata used a value of 3.1416 in his \"\"Āryabhaṭīya\"\" (499 AD). Fibonacci in c. 1220 computed 3.1418 using a polygonal method, independent of Archimedes. Italian author Dante apparently employed the value . The Persian astronomer Jamshīd al-Kāshī produced 9 sexagesimal digits, roughly the equivalent of 16 decimal digits, in 1424 using", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4928279", "chunk_text": "Pi\nreach 71 digits. In ancient China, values for included 3.1547 (around 1 AD), (100 AD, approximately 3.1623), and (3rd century, approximately 3.1556). Around 265 AD, the Wei Kingdom mathematician Liu Hui created a polygon-based iterative algorithm and used it with a 3,072-sided polygon to obtain a value of of 3.1416. Liu later invented a faster method of calculating and obtained a value of 3.14 with a 96-sided polygon, by taking advantage of the fact that the differences in area of successive polygons form a geometric series with a factor of 4. The Chinese mathematician Zu Chongzhi, around 480 AD, calculated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12157660", "chunk_text": "\"Alpha Omicron Pi\"\ncontrol until 2009. The fraternity now celebrates its founding date at any point between December 8 and January 2. Alpha Omicron Pi has one official color, cardinal. Its official flower is the 'Général Jacqueminot', or Jacqueminot rose. Alternatively, a deep red rose may be used. The fraternity's official jewel is the ruby, while its mascot is the giant panda, which the fraternity unofficially adopted in 1976 but made official in 2017. Members of the fraternity wear three different pins depending on membership status. New members who have not been initiated wear a gold sheaf of wheat pin bound by a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6300638", "chunk_text": "\"Steak and Blowjob Day\"\nradio host Dave Rickards in 1998, or because the latter coincides with Pi Day, which observes the mathematical constant (pi). Suggestions have been made of a female equivalent of the day, such as \"\"Chicken and Licking Day\"\" on March 15. According to the women's historian Lois Banner, the day appeared to be part of the backlash against the feminist movement, moving toward a version of human interaction inherent to hookup culture, and that men \"\"are really frightened because women are outperforming them\"\". Activist Feminista Jones argues that it limits women's freedom of choice, thus being in the mainstream of traditional", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5529005", "chunk_text": "Pi\nbe 0. In September 2010, a Yahoo! employee used the company's Hadoop application on one thousand computers over a 23-day period to compute 256 bits of at the two-quadrillionth (2×10th) bit, which also happens to be zero. Because is closely related to the circle, it is found in many formulae from the fields of geometry and trigonometry, particularly those concerning circles, spheres, or ellipses. Other branches of science, such as statistics, physics, Fourier analysis, and number theory, also include in some of their important formulae. appears in formulae for areas and volumes of geometrical shapes based on circles, such as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6129450", "chunk_text": "Piphilology\nFiore was an early record holder for pi memorization. Fiore's record stood as an American record for more than 27 years, which remains the longest time period for an American recordholder. He was the first person to break the 10,000 digit mark. Suresh Kumar Sharma holds Limca Book of Records for the most decimal places of pi recited by memory. He rattled off 70,030 numbers in 17 hours 14 minutes on October 21, 2015. Piphilology Piphilology comprises the creation and use of mnemonic techniques to remember a span of digits of the mathematical constant . The word is a play", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10501311", "chunk_text": "Pi\nand Babylonians. Around 250 BC the Greek mathematician Archimedes created an algorithm for calculating it. In the 5th century AD Chinese mathematics approximated to seven digits, while Indian mathematics made a five-digit approximation, both using geometrical techniques. The historically first exact formula for , based on infinite series, was not available until a millennium later, when in the 14th century the Madhava–Leibniz series was discovered in Indian mathematics. In the 20th and 21st centuries, mathematicians and computer scientists discovered new approaches that, when combined with increasing computational power, extended the decimal representation of to many trillions of digits after the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7863400", "chunk_text": "\"American Pie (song)\"\nThe video was hailed as a fantastic performance by many including Roger Ebert, who said it was \"\"the greatest music video ever made\"\". On March 21, 2013, Harmonix announced that \"\"American Pie\"\" would be the final downloadable track made available for the \"\"Rock Band\"\" series of music video games. On March 14, 2015, the National Museum of Mathematics announced that one of two winners of its songwriting contest was \"\"American Pi\"\" by mathematics education professor Dr. Lawrence M. Lesser. The contest was in honor of \"\"Pi Day of the Century\"\" because \"\"3/14/15\"\" would be the only day in the 21st-century", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3202034", "chunk_text": "\"Pi Day Die Day\"\nPi Day Die Day Pi Day Die Day is a 2016 horror comedy produced by One Stoplight Productions and Cullen Park Productions that revolves around a group of detectives seeking to thwart the plans of a killer at a local high school on Pi Day. It was directed by Michael E. Cullen II and written by Lindsey LaForest and stars Ari Lehman. Shot on location in Ohio, a fundraising campaign was started on Indiegogo to help supplement the film's budget. The film had its official premiere on March 12, 2016, gathering mixed reviews, and was also released on home media.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5528998", "chunk_text": "Pi\nThe fast iterative algorithms were anticipated in 1914, when the Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan published dozens of innovative new formulae for , remarkable for their elegance, mathematical depth, and rapid convergence. One of his formulae, based on modular equations, is This series converges much more rapidly than most arctan series, including Machin's formula. Bill Gosper was the first to use it for advances in the calculation of , setting a record of 17 million digits in 1985. Ramanujan's formulae anticipated the modern algorithms developed by the Borwein brothers and the Chudnovsky brothers. The Chudnovsky formula developed in 1987 is It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14254104", "chunk_text": "\"Akira Haraguchi\"\n2005 to July 2, 2005. On Pi Day, 2015, he claimed to be able to recite 111,701 digits. Despite Haraguchi's efforts and detailed documentation, the Guinness World Records have not yet accepted any of his records set. Haraguchi views the memorization of pi as \"\"the religion of the universe\"\", and as an expression of his lifelong quest for eternal truth. Haraguchi uses a system he developed, which assigns kana symbols to numbers, allowing for the memorization of Pi as a collection of stories. The same system was developed by C.S. Lewis to assign letters from the alphabet to numbers, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5528995", "chunk_text": "Pi\nwere widely used after 1980 because they are faster than infinite series algorithms: whereas infinite series typically increase the number of correct digits additively in successive terms, iterative algorithms generally \"\"multiply\"\" the number of correct digits at each step. For example, the Brent-Salamin algorithm doubles the number of digits in each iteration. In 1984, the Canadian brothers John and Peter Borwein produced an iterative algorithm that quadruples the number of digits in each step; and in 1987, one that increases the number of digits five times in each step. Iterative methods were used by Japanese mathematician Yasumasa Kanada to set", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2551393", "chunk_text": "\"National Pie Day\"\nNational Pie Day National Pie Day, is an annual celebration of pies started in the mid-1970s by Boulder, Colorado nuclear engineer, brewer and teacher Charlie Papazian after he declared his own birthday, January 23, to be National Pie Day. Since 1986, National Pie Day is sponsored by the American Pie Council. In 2014, the American Pie Council partnered with Paramount Pictures in promoting the romantic thriller film \"\"Labor Day\"\" in conjunction with National Pie Day. (A pie-making scene features prominently in the film, and the film's general release was within a few days of National Pie Day.) The APC distributed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6607400", "chunk_text": "\"World Maths Day\"\nthe International Mathematical Olympiad or days such as Pi Day. In 2010, World Maths Day created a Guinness World Record for the \"\"Largest Online Maths Competition\"\". In 2011, the team behind the competition added a second event World Spelling Day - and officially rebranded as the World Education Games. In 2012, a third event was added - World Science Day. The World Maths Day and World Education Games are now sponsored by Samsung, and supported by UNICEF as global charity partner. No event was held in 2014, and the schedule was changed to hold the event in October 2015. World", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4928305", "chunk_text": "Pi\nthe final result is produced. American mathematicians Stan Wagon and Stanley Rabinowitz produced a simple spigot algorithm in 1995. Its speed is comparable to arctan algorithms, but not as fast as iterative algorithms. Another spigot algorithm, the BBP digit extraction algorithm, was discovered in 1995 by Simon Plouffe: This formula, unlike others before it, can produce any individual hexadecimal digit of without calculating all the preceding digits. Individual binary digits may be extracted from individual hexadecimal digits, and octal digits can be extracted from one or two hexadecimal digits. Variations of the algorithm have been discovered, but no digit extraction", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4716382", "chunk_text": "Day\nDay A day, a unit of time, is approximately the period of time during which the Earth completes one rotation with respect to the Sun (\"\"solar day\"\"). In 1960, the second was redefined in terms of the orbital motion of the Earth in year 1900, and was designated the SI base unit of time. The unit of measurement \"\"day\"\", was redefined as 86 400 SI seconds and symbolized \"\"d\"\". In 1967, the second and so the day were redefined by atomic electron transition. A civil day is usually 86 400 seconds, plus or minus a possible leap second in Coordinated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9411298", "chunk_text": "\"Satyan Devadoss\"\nMathematics (2016), all awarded by the Mathematical Association of America. He is the cofounder of CereusData, a data visualization company that focuses on storytelling of institutional data. His collection of paintings, titled \"\"Cartography of Tree Space\"\" (jointly created with San Francisco based artist Owen Schuh) has been on gallery shows in Berlin and Pasadena. Devadoss wrote an article about Pi Day that was published by the Washington Post on March 14, 2018. Satyan Devadoss Satyan L. Devadoss is the Fletcher Jones chair of applied mathematics at the University of San Diego. His research concerns topology and geometry, with inspiration coming", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18511217", "chunk_text": "\"Pi in the Sky\"\nlittle over six million times. Pi in the Sky Pi in the Sky was an experimental, aerial art display where airplanes spelled out pi to decimal 1,000 places in the sky over the San Francisco Bay Area. The display took place on September 12, 2012. It was then displayed again in Austin on March 13, 2014, during the SXSW festival, at which time it was said to be the largest art piece ever displayed in the state of Texas. The numbers, each high, were created by a group of five skywriting airplaines, and appeared as a dot matrix. The string", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11034180", "chunk_text": "\"Columbus Day\"\nthe U.S. Postal Service, other federal agencies, most state government offices, many businesses, and most school districts. Some businesses and some stock exchanges remain open, and some states and municipalities abstain from observing the holiday. The traditional date of the holiday also adjoins the anniversary of the United States Navy (founded October 13, 1775), and thus both occasions are customarily observed by the Navy and the Marine Corps with either a 72- or 96-hour liberty period. Actual observance varies in different parts of the United States, ranging from large-scale parades and events to complete non-observance. Most states celebrate Columbus Day", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18511214", "chunk_text": "\"Pi in the Sky\"\nPi in the Sky Pi in the Sky was an experimental, aerial art display where airplanes spelled out pi to decimal 1,000 places in the sky over the San Francisco Bay Area. The display took place on September 12, 2012. It was then displayed again in Austin on March 13, 2014, during the SXSW festival, at which time it was said to be the largest art piece ever displayed in the state of Texas. The numbers, each high, were created by a group of five skywriting airplaines, and appeared as a dot matrix. The string of numbers was produced in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "610259", "chunk_text": "\"Epiphany (holiday)\"\naddition to the Wise Men narrative. Between the years 1973 and 1991 Epiphany was observed in Finland on a Saturday each year no earlier than January 6, and no later than January 12. After that time however, the traditional date of January 6 was restored and has since been observed once again as a national public holiday. \"\"Piparkakut\"\" or Finnish gingerbread cookies, in the shape of a star, are a treat typically served on this day. These cookies are broken in the palm of one's hand, while making a silent wish. If a \"\"piparkakku\"\" star should break into three pieces,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19446761", "chunk_text": "\"Larry Shaw (Pi)\"\nin 1985. He served several terms as president. \"\"He was a true bodhisattva, always willing and able to help all in need, and to share his knowledge and insights. All who knew him attest to his extreme good cheer, contagious enthusiasm, amazing range of interests, seemingly in-exhaustible energy, and genuine, unforced loving regard toward everyone.\"\" Larry Shaw (Pi) Lawrence N. Shaw (August 12, 1939 – August 19, 2017) was an American physicist, curator, artist and founder of Pi Day. Larry Shaw worked at the Exploratorium for 33 years, performing just about every function for the museum. He was a key", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14782363", "chunk_text": "\"Coordinated Universal Time\"\nof UT1 than UTC now provided. The first leap second occurred on 30 June 1972. Since then, leap seconds have occurred on average about once every 19 months, always on 30 June or 31 December. As of January 2017, there have been 27 leap seconds in total, all positive, putting UTC 37 seconds behind TAI. Earth's rotational speed is very slowly decreasing because of tidal deceleration; this increases the length of the mean solar day. The length of the SI second was calibrated on the basis of the second of ephemeris time and can now be seen to have a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5737379", "chunk_text": "\"Life of Pi\"\nat the zoo bears the name Richard Parker as the result of a clerical error, in which human and animal names were reversed. Pi is raised as a Hindu who practices vegetarianism. At the age of fourteen, he investigates Christianity and Islam, and decides to become an adherent of all three religions, much to his parents' dismay, saying he \"\"just wants to love God.\"\" He tries to understand God through the lens of each religion, and comes to recognize benefits in each one. A few years later in February 1976, during the period when Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declares", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_304	who won the mvp for the national league?	n/a	[ "Stanton, Giancarlo", "Giancarlo Stanton" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10425088", "chunk_text": "\"Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award\"\nAmerican and National Leagues. The award's only tie occurred in the National League in 1979, when Keith Hernandez and Willie Stargell received an equal number of points. There have been 18 unanimous winners, who received all the first-place votes. The New York Yankees have the most winning players with 22, followed by the St. Louis Cardinals with 17 winners. The award has never been presented to a member of the following three teams: Arizona Diamondbacks, New York Mets, and Tampa Bay Rays. In recent decades, pitchers have rarely won the award. When Justin Verlander won the AL award in 2011,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3019739", "chunk_text": "\"Major League Baseball All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award\"\nchoosing between two cars. , NL players have won the award 27 times (including one award shared by two players), and American League (AL) players have won 30 times. Baltimore Orioles players have won the most awards for a single franchise (with six); players from the Cincinnati Reds, Los Angeles Dodgers and San Francisco Giants are tied for the most in the NL with five each. Five players have won the award twice: Willie Mays (1963, 1968), Steve Garvey (1974, 1978), Gary Carter (1981, 1984), Cal Ripken, Jr. (1991, 2001), and Mike Trout (2014, 2015). The award has been shared", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "367758", "chunk_text": "\"Joey Votto\"\nVotto was announced as the 2010 NL MVP, coming within one vote of winning unanimously as Albert Pujols received the other first-place vote. He was only the third Canadian to win the MVP award, after Larry Walker and Justin Morneau. He became the first Reds player to win the National League MVP since Barry Larkin won it in 1995. \"\"Not to be dramatic or anything, but after I was told, I couldn't help but cry because I know how much at some point this meant to me and would have meant to my (late) father\"\", Votto remarked after being named", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5381922", "chunk_text": "\"Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award\"\nonly significant change since then occurred in 1961, when the number of voters was reduced to two per league city. Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award The Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual Major League Baseball (MLB) award given to one outstanding player in the American League and one in the National League. Since 1931, it has been awarded by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA). The winners receive the Kenesaw Mountain Landis Memorial Baseball Award, which became the official name of the award in 1944, in honor of the first MLB commissioner,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10425092", "chunk_text": "\"Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award\"\nwinning only a single MVP award before it was dropped after 1928. The National League award, without these restrictions, lasted from 1924 to 1929. The BBWAA first awarded the modern MVP after the 1931 season, adopting the format the National League used to distribute its league award. One writer in each city with a team filled out a ten-place ballot, with ten points for the recipient of a first-place vote, nine for a second-place vote, and so on. In 1938, the BBWAA raised the number of voters to three per city and gave 14 points for a first-place vote. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3833465", "chunk_text": "\"League Championship Series Most Valuable Player Award\"\nthe 1982 California Angels; Mike Scott pitched for the 1986 Houston Astros; and Jeffrey Leonard played for the 1987 San Francisco Giants. Two players have shared the award in the same year three times, all in the National League; Rob Dibble and Randy Myers for the 1990 Cincinnati Reds, the Chicago Cubs' Jon Lester and Javier Báez in 2016, and Chris Taylor and Justin Turner of the Los Angeles Dodgers in 2017. Garvey, Leonard, and Albert Pujols hit four home runs in their winning series—Garvey in his first win. Adam Kennedy won the 2002 ALCS MVP for hitting 3 home", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3019740", "chunk_text": "\"Major League Baseball All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award\"\nby multiple players once; Bill Madlock and Jon Matlack shared the award in 1975. Two players have won the award for a game in which their league lost: Brooks Robinson in 1966 and Carl Yastrzemski in 1970. One pair of awardees were father and son (Ken Griffey Sr. and Ken Griffey Jr.), and another were brothers (Roberto Alomar and Sandy Alomar, Jr.). Mike Trout of the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim became the first player ever to win the MVP award in back-to-back years in the 86-year history of the MLB All-Star Game when he accomplished the feat in both", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5381911", "chunk_text": "\"Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award\"\nHal Newhouser are the only pitchers who have won multiple times, Newhouser winning consecutively in 1944 and 1945. Hank Greenberg, Stan Musial, Alex Rodriguez, and Robin Yount have won at different positions, while Rodriguez is the only player who has won the award with two different teams at two different positions. Barry Bonds has won the most often (seven times) and the most consecutively (four: 2001–04). Jimmie Foxx was the first player to win multiple times; 9 players have won three times, and 19 have won twice. Frank Robinson is the only player to win the award in both the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10425089", "chunk_text": "\"Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award\"\nhe became the first pitcher in either league to be named the MVP since Dennis Eckersley in 1992. Verlander also became the first starting pitcher to win this award since Roger Clemens accomplished the feat in 1986. The National League went even longer without an MVP award to a pitcher. After Bob Gibson won in 1968, no pitcher in that league was named MVP until Clayton Kershaw in 2014. Before the 1910 season, Hugh Chalmers of Chalmers Automobile announced he would present a Chalmers Model 30 automobile to the player with the highest batting average in Major League Baseball at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15795595", "chunk_text": "\"2015 Washington Nationals season\"\nwas also the fourth season in a row, and the sixth time in seven seasons, that at least one National had won a Silver Slugger. On November 19, 2015, Bryce Harper was announced as the winner of the 2015 National League Most Valuable Player Award. The youngest player ever to be selected as a unanimous choice, receiving all 30 first-place votes, he became the first player in the history of the Montreal-Washington franchise to win the award, and the first player for a Washington, D.C., Major League Baseball team to win it since shortstop Roger Peckinpaugh won the 1925 American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5381909", "chunk_text": "\"Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award\"\nMajor League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award The Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual Major League Baseball (MLB) award given to one outstanding player in the American League and one in the National League. Since 1931, it has been awarded by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA). The winners receive the Kenesaw Mountain Landis Memorial Baseball Award, which became the official name of the award in 1944, in honor of the first MLB commissioner, Kenesaw Mountain Landis, who served from 1920 until his death on November 25, 1944. MVP voting takes place before the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10571931", "chunk_text": "\"Major League Baseball Comeback Player of the Year Award\"\nPosey, Fernando Rodney, and Mariano Rivera. Two players who were not named to the All-Star team in their winning year—Jason Giambi and Ken Griffey, Jr.—were named to the All-Star team in their previous season. Several winners have won other awards in their winning season. Carlos Peña, Posey, Ellsbury, Griffey and Hill won the Silver Slugger Award along with the Comeback Award. Posey won the NL MVP in his comeback season. Lee won the Cy Young Award in his winning season and Lidge won both the Rolaids Relief Man and DHL Delivery Man Awards the same year. Rodney was also named", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1677481", "chunk_text": "\"Bryce Harper\"\nbecame the youngest player ever with at least 40 home runs and 120 walks in one season, a distinction previously held by Babe Ruth. \"\"Baseball America\"\" named Bryce the 2015 player of the year. On October 31, Harper was named the National League winner of the 2015 Hank Aaron Award. On November 19, Harper was selected as the 2015 National League Most Valuable Player by unanimous decision. With his MVP win, Harper became the youngest player to unanimously win the MVP at age 23. Harper also became the first player in Nationals/Expos history to win an MVP award, and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20591366", "chunk_text": "\"League Championship Series Most Valuable Player Award\"\nLeague Championship Series Most Valuable Player Award The League Championship Series Most Valuable Player (MVP) award is given in each of the two annual League Championship Series, for the American and National Leagues, to the player deemed to have the most impact on his team's performance. The award has been presented in the National League since 1977, and in the American League since 1980. Dusty Baker won the inaugural award in 1977 with the Los Angeles Dodgers, and Frank White won the first American League award in 1980 with the Kansas City Royals. The eight Hall of Famers to win", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9355779", "chunk_text": "\"1992 National League Championship Series\"\nto a seven-game lead by late June, suffered through an July 11–15 that allowed the Montreal Expos to tie them for the lead by the end of the month, then won eleven straight in early August before pulling away from the Expos in September to earn its third straight NL East title, becoming the first team to win three straight NL East titles since the Phillies from 1976 to 1978. Future home run champion Barry Bonds won his second MVP Award and led the Pirates with 34 home runs and 103 RBI. Pressure beyond the moment made it imperative for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2487025", "chunk_text": "\"National League Championship Series\"\nNLCS appearances before moving to the AL in 2013. Every current National League franchise has appeared in the NLCS. The Warren C. Giles Trophy, named for the president of the NL from 1951 to 1969, is awarded to the NLCS winner. A Most Valuable Player (MVP) award is given to the outstanding player in each series, though voters can consider performances made during the divisional series. The MVP award has been given to a player on the losing team twice, in 1986 to Mike Scott of the Houston Astros and in 1987 to Jeff Leonard of the San Francisco Giants.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16380262", "chunk_text": "\"Sporting News Player of the Year Award\"\nValuable Player category, which was renamed the Most Valuable Major Leaguer in 2014; its current name is the \"\"Esurance MLB Awards\"\" Best Major Leaguer. Several players have won the award more than once. Ted Williams, Joe Morgan, Albert Pujols, Miguel Cabrera, and Jose Altuve are the only players to win the award in consecutive years. Ted Williams won the award five times. Sandy Koufax is the only pitcher to win the award more than once. Alex Rodriguez and Barry Bonds are the only players to win the award while playing with different teams. Stan Musial and Alex Rodriguez are the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2265502", "chunk_text": "\"Major League Baseball All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award\"\n2014 and 2015. Alex Bregman of the Houston Astros is the most recent MLB All-Star Game MVP, winning the award in 2018. Only six players have won the MVP award in the only All-Star Game in which they appeared; LaMarr Hoyt, Bo Jackson, J. D. Drew, Melky Cabrera, Eric Hosmer, and Alex Bregman. Major League Baseball All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award The Major League Baseball All-Star Game Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award is an annual Major League Baseball (MLB) award which is presented to the most outstanding player in each year's MLB All-Star Game. Awarded each season since 1962", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14724647", "chunk_text": "\"California League Most Valuable Player Award\"\nunavailable. Sixteen players from the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers Major League Baseball (MLB) organization have won the MVP Award, more than any other, followed by the San Diego Padres organization (7); the California/Los Angeles Angels, Minnesota Twins, and San Francisco Giants organizations (5); the St. Louis Cardinals organization (4); the Kansas City/Oakland Athletics and Milwaukee Brewers organization (3); the Arizona Diamondbacks, Baltimore Orioles, Boston Red Sox, Cincinnati Reds, Pittsburgh Pirates, Seattle Mariners, and Tampa Bay Devil Rays organizations (2); and the Chicago Cubs, Cleveland Indians, Colorado Rockies, Florida Marlins, Houston Astros, and New York Mets organizations (1). Six players competed for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15795587", "chunk_text": "\"2015 Washington Nationals season\"\nuntil the final day of the season on October 4. The Mets defeated the Nationals 1–0 and Harper fell behind Gordon for the batting title, but he clinched the OBP title over Votto with a double in his final at-bat of the season and finished tied with Arenado at 42 home runs apiece. He went on to win the National League Most Valuable Player Award, the youngest ever ballplayer to receive the honor by a unanimous vote, and the National League Hank Aaron Award, as well as a Silver Slugger Award. Scherzer finished fifth in NL Cy Young Award voting.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20591370", "chunk_text": "\"League Championship Series Most Valuable Player Award\"\nof the bullpen in relief; he struck out 16 in 10 innings. Daniel Murphy won the 2015 NLCS MVP after hitting home runs in six consecutive games, setting a major league record. Liván Hernández (1997, NL) and his half-brother Orlando Hernández (1999, AL) are the only family pair to have won the award. The only rookies to have won the award are Mike Boddicker (1983, AL), Liván Hernández, and Michael Wacha (2013, NL). League Championship Series Most Valuable Player Award The League Championship Series Most Valuable Player (MVP) award is given in each of the two annual League Championship Series,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19981408", "chunk_text": "\"Luis Aparicio Award\"\nhis father, who died thirteen years before his son was elected into the Hall of Fame. Johan Santana, José Altuve, and Miguel Cabrera are the only players to win the Luis Aparicio Award more than once, with Cabrera having won the award five times. Cabrera won the MLB Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award and Hank Aaron Award alongside the Luis Aparicio Award in 2012 and 2013, becoming the first Venezuelan to win the MLB MVP Award. Santana, the 2004 and 2006 recipient, also won the Cy Young Award in those two years, winning by a unanimous vote on each occasion.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18197661", "chunk_text": "\"Commissioner's Historic Achievement Award\"\nfor their parts in the 1998 MLB home run record chase. The most recent recipient is Derek Jeter (2014), who was honored in the final year of his career for being \"\"one of the most accomplished shortstops of all-time\"\". The 2001 Seattle Mariners won the award as a team for posting a 116–46 record one season after losing Alex Rodriguez to the Texas Rangers. Roberto Clemente, the 2006 awardee, is the only player to receive the award posthumously; his award was accepted by his wife, Vera. Three years after McGwire and Sosa were honored, Cal Ripken, Jr. and Tony Gwynn,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20664153", "chunk_text": "\"Brad Lidge\"\nhe blew one on the 8th opportunity). Lidge was eighth in the voting for the 2008 NL MVP award, behind Albert Pujols, Ryan Howard, Ryan Braun, Manny Ramirez, Lance Berkman, CC Sabathia, and David Wright, and was the only player other than Pujols or Howard to receive first place votes. He received the MLB Comeback Player of the Year and \"\"DHL\"\" Delivery Man of the Year awards. Baseball fans nationwide voted him the MLB \"\"This Year in Baseball Awards\"\" Closer of the Year. Lidge was voted the Philadelphia Sports Writers Association's Outstanding Pro Athlete of the Year award and honored", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20207070", "chunk_text": "\"Wins Above Replacement\"\ndebate about which player should win the Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award for the American League. The two candidates considered by most writers were Miguel Cabrera, who won the Triple Crown, and Mike Trout, who led Major League Baseball in WAR. The debate focused on the use of traditional baseball statistics, such as RBIs and home runs, and sabermetric statistics such as WAR. Cabrera led the American League in batting average, home runs, and RBIs, but Trout was considered a more complete player by some. Relative to the average player, Cabrera contributed an extra 53.1 runs through batting,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19981409", "chunk_text": "\"Luis Aparicio Award\"\nAltuve, also a winner in 2014 and 2016, is the only player to win the Luis Aparicio Award, the MVP award, and become a World Series champion in the same season in 2017. He has also won a batting title in each of his three award seasons. Santana (2006) and Cabrera (2012) are the only award winners to also earn the pitching and batting Triple Crown respectively in the same season. In accomplishing the feat, Cabrera became the first player in 45 years to achieve a Triple Crown in batting since Carl Yastrzemski in 1967, while Santana became the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5661790", "chunk_text": "\"Major League Baseball Comeback Player of the Year Award\"\nthe following exceptions: 2008 NL (MLB honored Brad Lidge, \"\"TSN\"\" honored Fernando Tatís), 2010 AL (MLB honored Francisco Liriano, \"\"TSN\"\" honored Vladimir Guerrero) and 2016 (\"\"TSN\"\" honored Jose Fernandez and Mark Trumbo, MLB honored Anthony Rendon and Rick Porcello. Francisco Liriano is the only person to win the MLB award multiple times (2010 AL, 2013 NL), and the first to win it in each league. Twelve players were named to the Major League Baseball All-Star team in their Comeback Award-winning season: Jim Thome, Nomar Garciaparra, Dmitri Young, Cliff Lee, Brad Lidge, Aaron Hill, Tim Hudson, Lance Berkman, Jacoby Ellsbury, Buster", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2897850", "chunk_text": "\"Clayton Kershaw\"\nBaseball America. He won three awards at the Players Choice Awards including Outstanding NL Pitcher, Player of the Year and the Marvin Miller Man of the Year Award. He also won his third (and second straight) Warren Spahn Award. On November 12, he was awarded his third Cy Young Award in four seasons (a unanimous vote). The following day, he was elected as the NL MVP, the first National League pitcher to win the award since Bob Gibson in 1968 and the first Dodgers player to win the award since Kirk Gibson in 1988. Kershaw made his fifth straight opening", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16080372", "chunk_text": "\"Triple-A All-Star Game\"\nAward.\"\" The \"\"Bank of America Most Valuable Pitcher Award\"\" was given in 2008. The team with the most MVP winners (excluding additional awards from 2000 to 2008) is the International League's Gwinnett Stripers (formerly the Richmond Braves) with six MVPs. The IL's Buffalo Bisons and Pacific Coast League's Oklahoma City Dodgers (formerly the Oklahoma City 89ers and Oklahoma/Oklahoma City RedHawks) are tied for second place with five MVPs. The only player to win more than one regular MVP award is Luis Lopez who won in 1994 with the IL's Richmond Braves and in 1995 with the IL's Buffalo Bisons. Of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5381910", "chunk_text": "\"Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award\"\npostseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBWAA does not offer a clear-cut definition of what \"\"most valuable\"\" means, instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters. First basemen, with 34 winners, have won the most MVPs among infielders, followed by second basemen (16), third basemen (15), and shortstops (15). Of the 25 pitchers who have won the award, 15 are right-handed while 10 are left-handed. Walter Johnson, Carl Hubbell, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17661419", "chunk_text": "\"Andrew McCutchen\"\nand 27 stolen bases (6th), which marked the fifth straight year he stole 20 or more bases. On defense, he led all NL center fielders with 3 double plays, and was 3rd with 11 assists. His efforts helped lead Pittsburgh to a winning record and the postseason for the first time since Barry Bonds and the 1992 Pirates team. They were eliminated by the St. Louis Cardinals in the NLDS in game 5. McCutchen won the National League MVP over St. Louis' Yadier Molina and Arizona's Paul Goldschmidt, the first Pirate to win the award since Bonds in 1992. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9773416", "chunk_text": "\"Miguel Cabrera\"\nleague in home runs (44), RBIs (137) and runs scored (103), and was third in walks (90). On October 24, Cabrera was honored with his second consecutive \"\"Sporting News\"\" MLB Player of the Year Award. He was the fourth player in history to win this award in back-to-back seasons, joining Ted Williams (1941–42), Joe Morgan (1975–76) and Albert Pujols (2008–09). On November 14, Cabrera won his second consecutive American League MVP Award, receiving 23 out of 30 first place votes and 385 points. Cabrera became the first American League player to win back-to-back MVP awards since Frank Thomas of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6447243", "chunk_text": "\"Pacific Coast League Most Valuable Player Award\"\nOmaha Royals, Tacoma Giants, and the Tulsa Oilers (1). Thirteen players from the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers Major League Baseball (MLB) organization have won the MVP Award, more than any other, followed by the Chicago Cubs organization (9); the San Diego Padres organization (5); the Arizona Diamondbacks, Houston Astros, Oakland Athletics, and San Francisco Giants organizations (4); the Chicago White Sox, Pittsburgh Pirates, Seattle Mariners, and St. Louis Cardinals organizations (3); the Anaheim/California Angels, Cincinnati Reds, Philadelphia Phillies, Texas Rangers, and Toronto Blue Jays organizations (2); and the Cleveland Indians, Colorado Rockies, Kansas City Royals, and New York Yankees organizations (1).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19611657", "chunk_text": "\"José Altuve\"\na second baseman in a single postseason, and hit the fourth-most among all players. Along with pitcher Justin Verlander, Altuve was named winner of the Babe Ruth Award as MVP of the 2017 postseason. Prior to Game 2 of the World Series, Altuve was presented with the Hank Aaron Award, the first of his career, as the \"\"most outstanding offensive performer\"\" in the American League. It was the first time a Houston Astros player had won the prize. Next, he was named \"\"The Sporting News\"\" Major League Player of the Year for the second consecutive season, following Ted Williams (1941−42),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15795593", "chunk_text": "\"2015 Washington Nationals season\"\nLeague Baseball rule prohibiting pitchers who pitch in a game the day before the all-star break from pitching in the All-Star Game two nights later precluded him from appearing in the game after he pitched for the Nationals in a 3-2 victory over the Baltimore Orioles on July 13. Scherzer nonetheless traveled to the game and was honored as an all-star. On October 31, 2015, Bryce Harper became the first player in the history of the Montreal-Washington franchise to win the National League Hank Aaron Award, which recognizes the most outstanding offensive performer in the league. On November 9, 2015,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15745103", "chunk_text": "\"Kris Bryant\"\nsuccessive seasons. In addition, he became the sixth player in MLB history to win Rookie of the Year and MVP within his first two seasons, joining Fred Lynn (both in 1975), Cal Ripken Jr. (1982–83), Ichiro Suzuki (both in 2001), Ryan Howard (2005–06), and Dustin Pedroia (2007–08). Bryant also won the Hank Aaron Award as the National League's most outstanding hitter. Bryant and the Cubs agreed to a $1.05 million contract before the 2017 season, a new record salary for a pre-arbritation player, previously held by Mike Trout of the Los Angeles Angels who earned $1 million in 2014. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1502376", "chunk_text": "\"Sandy Koufax\"\nthe National League's Most Valuable Player in . He won three Cy Young Awards in 1963, , and 1966, by unanimous votes, making him the first three-time Cy Young winner in baseball history and the only one to win three times when one overall award was given for all of major league baseball instead of one award for each league. Koufax also won the NL Triple Crown for pitchers those same three years by leading the NL in wins, strikeouts, and earned run average. Koufax was the first major league pitcher to pitch four no-hitters and the eighth pitcher to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20015493", "chunk_text": "\"International League Most Valuable Player Award\"\ncatchers have won the award. Twenty-nine outfielders have won the MVP Award, the most of any position. A total of 4 pitchers have won the MVP award. The last pitcher to win was Red Barrett in 1942. The International League League now has a Most Valuable Pitcher Award, which was established in 1953. Rocky Nelson has the record for most MVP Award wins with three (1953, 1955, and 1958). Roberto Petagine has won the MVP Award twice. Three International League MVP Award winners, Red Schoendienst, Jim Rice, and Jim Thome, have gone on to be inducted in the National Baseball", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20591367", "chunk_text": "\"League Championship Series Most Valuable Player Award\"\nLCS MVPs include Roberto Alomar, George Brett, Dennis Eckersley, Rickey Henderson, Kirby Puckett, Ozzie Smith, Willie Stargell, and John Smoltz. Three players have won the award twice: Steve Garvey (1978, 1984), Dave Stewart (1990, 1993), and Orel Hershiser (1988, 1995). Incidentally, all three of these players won their two awards with two different teams. Seven players have gone on to win the World Series MVP Award in the same season in which they won the LCS MVP—all of them in the National League. Three players have won while playing for the losing team in the series: Fred Lynn played for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16532249", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Washington Nationals season\"\nseasons, that at least one National won a Silver Slugger On November 15, Max Scherzer was named the winner of the 2017 National League Cy Young Award, receiving 27 out of 30 first-place votes. It was his second consecutive Cy Young Award, his second as a National, and the third of his career. Already the sixth pitcher to win the award in both leagues, having won the American League Cy Young in 2013 with the Detroit Tigers, he became the tenth pitcher to win at least three Cy Youngs. Pitching at least 200 innings for the fifth straight season despite", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14606220", "chunk_text": "\"Giancarlo Stanton\"\n59 home runs and 132 RBI, and batted .281. He was also the first player in the National League since Prince Fielder in 2007 to hit 50 or more home runs in a season. Before Game 2 of the World Series, Stanton was presented with the Hank Aaron Award, the second of his career, as the \"\"most outstanding offensive performer\"\" in the National League. On November 16, Stanton was named the National League's Most Valuable Player, beating out Cincinnati Reds' first baseman Joey Votto by two voting points. In the offseason, the new Marlins ownership sought to trade Stanton in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7541523", "chunk_text": "\"Justin Morneau\"\nAmerican League Most Valuable Player Award in a close vote over Derek Jeter of the New York Yankees, becoming only the fourth player in Twins history (after Zoilo Versalles, Harmon Killebrew, and Rod Carew) to receive the honour. He became the first Canadian to win the AL MVP award, and the second Canadian to win a major league MVP award (Larry Walker was the first, having won the NL MVP Award in 1997; Walker and Morneau were joined in 2010 by Joey Votto). Morneau played in 157 games, hitting 31 home runs. In May 2007, Morneau won the Player of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17251287", "chunk_text": "\"Kirk Gibson\"\nwhich had finished 4th in the NL West the previous season, for its unprofessionalism. He became the team's \"\"de facto\"\" leader, and won a controversial NL MVP award after batting .290 with 25 home runs, 76 RBIs, 106 runs, and 31 stolen bases. While he didn't lead the league in any major category, the intensity and leadership he brought to an increasingly successful team likely won him the award over players with more impressive statistics. (MVP runner-up Darryl Strawberry of the New York Mets, for example, led the NL with 39 home runs that season.) In the 1988 National League", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11349816", "chunk_text": "\"Milwaukee Brewers\"\nBraun won the National League MVP award in 2011, and Christian Yelich received the honor in 2018. Two pitchers have won the Cy Young Award in the American League. Rollie Fingers won in 1981, and Pete Vuckovich won in 1982. Two players have been named Rookie of the Year. Pat Listach won the American League's award in 1992, and Ryan Braun won the National League award in 2007. Christian Yelich won the National League Batting title in 2018.The batting title was the first in Milwaukee Brewers history. The following inducted members of the Baseball Hall of Fame spent some or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18673291", "chunk_text": "\"Lon Warneke\"\ndown at his feet. Taylor corrected the error and Warneke gained more control over his blazing fastball and hard-breaking curveball. Warneke mused that he would win \"\"about a half dozen games\"\" during the regular season. Instead, Warneke led the National League in wins (22), earned run average (2.37), shutouts (4), and winning percentage (.786), leading the Cubs to the National League Pennant and placing second in Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award voting. Warneke rose to the top of a pitching staff that included Guy Bush (19-11), Charlie Root (15-10), and Pat Malone, another 15-game winner. Offensive stars included Gabby Hartnett,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16827019", "chunk_text": "\"American Association (20th century) Most Valuable Player Award\"\nDodgers, and Tulsa Oilers (1). Six players each from the Chicago Cubs and Cincinnati Reds Major League Baseball (MLB) organizations have won the MVP Award, more than any others, followed by the Montreal Expos organization (5), the Boston/Milwaukee Braves, Kansas City Royals, St. Louis Cardinals, and Washington Senators/Texas Rangers organizations (4), the Chicago White Sox, Detroit Tigers, Milwaukee Brewers, New York Giants, and New York Yankees organizations (3), the Boston Red Sox, Cleveland Indians, Pittsburgh Pirates, and St. Louis Browns organizations (2), and the Houston Astros and Los Angeles Dodgers organizations (1). Five players came from unaffiliated teams. American Association", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16847010", "chunk_text": "\"Max Scherzer\"\ndescription was nearly precise; however, in the June 14 contest versus Milwaukee, Scherzer also issued a bases on ball to Scooter Gennett after allowing Gómez' single—leaving Scherzer four batters short of three perfect games. Thus, he became the first to assemble three games scores of 97 or higher in one season since at least 1914. Ryan and Walter Johnson (1918) were the only two other pitchers to carry out three game scores of 95 or more in one season. In a season that also featured mammoth offensive accomplishments from NL Most Valuable Player (MVP) Bryce Harper, the Nationals were eliminated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4169710", "chunk_text": "\"Ryan Howard\"\nwhich he also drove in five runs) as the Phillies took a commanding 3–1 series lead. The Phillies eventually won the series in five games to bring the Phillies their first World Series championship since 1980, and Philadelphia their first major sports championship since 1983; he finished second in the voting for the 2008 NL MVP award, behind Albert Pujols of the St. Louis Cardinals. Howard won his second Babe Ruth Home Run Award and his second Josh Gibson Legacy Award, leading MLB with 48 home runs. On February 8, the Phillies and Howard agreed on a 3-year, $54 million", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "985187", "chunk_text": "\"2011 Major League Baseball All-Star Game\"\neasily breaking the previous single-player vote record of 6,069,688 held by Ken Griffey, Jr. Three other American League players also topped Griffey's record. Ryan Braun was the National League's leading vote getter, receiving a NL record 5,928,004 votes. After the rosters were revealed, a second ballot of five players per league was created for the All-Star Final Vote to determine the 34th and final player of each roster, with online balloting conducted from Sunday afternoon, July 3, through Thursday afternoon, July 7. The winners of the final vote were Paul Konerko of the Chicago White Sox (AL) and Shane Victorino", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5848493", "chunk_text": "\"Josh Donaldson\"\nranked as the highest single-season total in club history, surpassing José Bautista's previous record of 8.1 in 2011. \"\"Sporting News\"\" announced on October 29, 2015, that Donaldson had won their MLB Player of the Year Award. Other awards included the American League Hank Aaron Award, the American League third baseman's Silver Slugger Award, and Players Choice Awards for both Major League Player of the Year and American League Outstanding Player. On November 19, 2015, Donaldson was named the 2015 American League Most Valuable Player (AL MVP), finishing ahead of Mike Trout and Lorenzo Cain. On December 5, 2015, Donaldson was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_305	who is the actor that plays ducky on ncis?	n/a	[ "David McCallum" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15720915", "chunk_text": "\"David McCallum\"\nDavid McCallum David Keith McCallum, Jr. (born 19 September 1933) is a Scottish-American actor and musician. He first gained recognition in the 1960s for playing secret agent Illya Kuryakin in the television series \"\"The Man from U.N.C.L.E.\"\". In recent years, McCallum has gained renewed international recognition and popularity for his role as NCIS medical examiner Dr. Donald \"\"Ducky\"\" Mallard in the American television series \"\"NCIS\"\". McCallum was born in Maryhill, Glasgow, the second of two sons of Dorothy Dorman, a cellist, and orchestral violinist David McCallum Sr. When he was three, his family moved to London for his father to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14839488", "chunk_text": "\"David McCallum\"\neras for mankind. Since 2003 McCallum has starred in the CBS television series \"\"NCIS\"\" as Dr. Donald \"\"Ducky\"\" Mallard, the team's chief medical examiner and one of the show's most popular characters. In Season 2 Episode 13 \"\"The Meat Puzzle\"\", NCIS Special Agent Caitlin Todd (Sasha Alexander) asked Special Agent Leroy Jethro Gibbs (Mark Harmon), \"\"What did Ducky look like when he was younger?\"\" Gibbs replies, \"\"Illya Kuryakin\"\". According to the behind-the-scenes feature on the 2006 DVD of NCIS season 1, McCallum became an expert in forensics to play Mallard, including appearing at medical examiner conventions. In the feature, Donald", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8900941", "chunk_text": "\"Anthony DiNozzo\"\nde Pablo (Ziva David) placed first and second respectively. Additionally, Mark Harmon (Jethro Gibbs) and David McCallum (Ducky Mallard) were voted as numbers five and six. Anthony DiNozzo Anthony D. \"\"Tony\"\" DiNozzo Jr. is a fictional character in the CBS TV series \"\"NCIS\"\" portrayed by American actor Michael Weatherly. An original character created by producer Donald P. Bellisario, he is credited in 306 episodes of the series, appearing in 305. He has also made guest appearances on the spin-offs \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\". Tony is scripted as the senior field agent of the fictional Major Case Response Team (MCRT) led by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10322467", "chunk_text": "\"Leroy Jethro Gibbs\"\nfront door.\"\" Alyssa Rosenberg of the \"\"Washington Monthly\"\" also suggested that Gibbs, \"\"a former Marine with a Bush-like faith in his 'gut', appeared as a distinctly conservative figure in the series, in contrast to \"\"liberal stand-ins\"\" McGee and Abby Sciuto. In 2011, it was reported that the role had made Mark Harmon the fourth most popular actor on primetime television. Several other members of the \"\"NCIS\"\" cast were also listed in the top ten, including Pauley Perrette (Abby Sciuto), Cote de Pablo (Ziva David), David McCallum (Ducky Mallard), and Michael Weatherly (Anthony DiNozzo). Leroy Jethro Gibbs Leroy Jethro Gibbs is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1137599", "chunk_text": "\"The Man from U.N.C.L.E.\"\nSoviet jet fighter. Beginning in 2003, McCallum starred in the CBS television series \"\"NCIS\"\" as Dr. Donald \"\"Ducky\"\" Mallard, M.D., a medical examiner. During the episode \"\"The Meat Puzzle\"\" (season 2, episode 13), as an inside joke, NCIS agent Leroy Jethro Gibbs (Mark Harmon) is asked, \"\"What did Ducky look like when he was younger?\"\" Gibbs responds, \"\"Illya Kuryakin\"\". The photo supposedly of a younger Ducky is actually a promotional photo from McCallum's \"\"Man from U.N.C.L.E.\"\" days. On the fifth episode of the fourth season of \"\"Mad Men\"\" (2010), \"\"The Chrysanthemum and the Sword\"\", as Sally Draper is watching an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8438521", "chunk_text": "\"Illya Kuryakin\"\nVisage\"\", made as a sequel to the spy show \"\"The Prisoner\"\", Kuryakin and Solo both make cameos at the funeral of a spy, along with John Steed and Emma Peel. Kuryakin also inspired the surname and character of Simon Illyan in Lois McMaster Bujold's award-winning Vorkosigan Saga science fiction series. Since September 2003, McCallum has been playing Dr. Donald \"\"Ducky\"\" Mallard in the highly successful American TV series \"\"NCIS\"\". In the Season 2 episode \"\"The Meat Puzzle\"\", around 20:50 into the episode, when Special Agent Kate Todd asks Special Agent Jethro Gibbs \"\"What did Ducky look like when he was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17276871", "chunk_text": "\"Rex Linn\"\nHe is a former chairman of the Oklahoma City chapter of Ducks Unlimited. In 1986, he won the state duck-calling competition, and came fourth in the national competition. Linn is an active supporter of children's charities as well as the arts. On May 12, 2007, he was a celebrity award presenter at the National Association of Police Organizations TOP COPS award ceremony in Washington D.C.. Rex Linn Rex Maynard Linn (born November 13, 1956) is an American film and television actor. He is best known for his role as Frank Tripp in the television series \"\"\"\". Linn was born in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10910220", "chunk_text": "\"NCIS (TV series)\"\nas Tony, Robyn Lively as Vivian Blackadder, Pauley Perrette as Abby, and David McCallum as Ducky. Patrick Labyorteaux appears on \"\"NCIS\"\" reprising his \"\"JAG\"\" role as Lt. Bud Roberts in the first-season episode \"\"Hung Out to Dry\"\", and in the fourteenth-season episode \"\"Rogue\"\"; Alicia Coppola returned as Lt. Cmdr. Faith Coleman in \"\"UnSEALed\"\", \"\"Call of Silence\"\", and \"\"Hometown Hero\"\", while Adam Baldwin returned as Cmdr. Michael Rainer in \"\"A Weak Link\"\", and John M. Jackson appeared as retired Rear Admiral A. J. Chegwidden in the season-ten episode \"\"Damned If You Do\"\". The two-part \"\"NCIS\"\" episode \"\"Legend\"\" serves as the back-door", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9022246", "chunk_text": "\"Mark Lesly\"\nJalen, who was born in 1998. Mark Lesly Mark Lesly (April 19, 1959, in Manhattan, New York) acted in only one movie in which he appeared in the credits, The Wanderers, but is recognized to this day for his role as \"\"Ducky Boy Number 2\"\" because of his menacing demeanor, most notably as he stands on the sidelines at the beginning of the climactic football sequence. He later served on the Bernie Goetz jury and wrote a book about it called \"\"Subway Gunman\"\". Mark Lesly grew up in Hastings-on-Hudson, New York, where he discovered two important passions of his life,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20432346", "chunk_text": "\"Playing with Fire (NCIS)\"\nby Dennis Smith. The episode marks the return of NCIS agent Stan Burley (Joel Gretsch). He was last seen in the season 1 episode \"\"High Seas\"\". \"\"Over the years we've discussed bringing back Joel Gretsch as NCIS Special Agent Burley\"\", the writers said. \"\"He appeared in Episode 6, \"\"High Seas.\"\" It may be the longest time interval in TV history for a character to reoccur.\"\" The episode also feature Ducky's (David McCallum) will, which include donations to the Marine Corps. Scholarship Foundation. \"\"For several years we've been aware that David McCallum's favorite charity is the Marine Corps. Scholarship Foundation. We", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9022240", "chunk_text": "\"Mark Lesly\"\nMark Lesly Mark Lesly (April 19, 1959, in Manhattan, New York) acted in only one movie in which he appeared in the credits, The Wanderers, but is recognized to this day for his role as \"\"Ducky Boy Number 2\"\" because of his menacing demeanor, most notably as he stands on the sidelines at the beginning of the climactic football sequence. He later served on the Bernie Goetz jury and wrote a book about it called \"\"Subway Gunman\"\". Mark Lesly grew up in Hastings-on-Hudson, New York, where he discovered two important passions of his life, Taekwondo and acting. While studying acting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3303435", "chunk_text": "\"Joshua Jackson\"\nJoshua Jackson Joshua Browning Carter Jackson (born June 11, 1978) is a Canadian actor. He has appeared in primetime television and in over 30 film roles. His well-known roles include Pacey Witter in \"\"Dawson's Creek\"\", Charlie Conway in \"\"The Mighty Ducks\"\" film series, Peter Bishop in \"\"Fringe\"\", and Cole Lockhart in \"\"The Affair\"\". Jackson won the Genie Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role for his performance in the Canadian independent film \"\"One Week\"\". Jackson was born in Vancouver, British Columbia, to parents John Carter and Fiona Jackson. His mother is a casting director. Jackson's father", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17018755", "chunk_text": "\"Matt Dallas\"\nMatt Dallas Matthew Joseph Dallas (born October 21, 1982) is an American actor, best known for playing the title character on the ABC Family series \"\"Kyle XY\"\". Dallas was born in Phoenix, Arizona, and attended Arizona School for the Arts. He has two younger brothers and one younger sister. He became interested in acting at the age of 12, when his grandmother took him to a production of the play \"\"The Ugly Duckling\"\" at a local community theater called Desert Stages Theater. Dallas has starred in several films, and has played the title character in the ABC Family television series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "217751", "chunk_text": "\"Sean Murray (actor)\"\nSean Murray (actor) Sean Harland Murray (born November 15, 1977) is an American actor known for his role as Special Agent Timothy McGee on the American TV drama \"\"NCIS\"\". He also played Thackery Binx in Disney's Halloween film \"\"Hocus Pocus\"\" and Danny Walden in the military drama series \"\"JAG\"\". Murray's mother is Vivienne Bellisario, fourth wife of American television producer and screenwriter Donald P. Bellisario, making him Bellisario's stepson. He has one brother, Chad W. Murray (\"\"\"\" producer), and seven stepsiblings, including \"\"Pretty Little Liars\"\" actress Troian Bellisario and \"\"JAG\"\" actor Michael Bellisario. Murray's TV credits include a starring role", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19736034", "chunk_text": "\"Dylan Bruno\"\nDylan Bruno Dylan Bruno (born September 6, 1972) is an American actor and former model. His first major film role was a supporting part in Steven Spielberg's \"\"Saving Private Ryan\"\" (1998), followed by a lead role in the horror film \"\"\"\" (1999). On television, Bruno portrayed FBI agent Colby Granger in \"\"Numbers\"\" and disgraced former Army Ranger Jason Paul Dean in \"\"NCIS\"\". Bruno was born September 6, 1972 in Milford, Connecticut, to actor Scott Bruno and the late Nancy (née Mendillo) Bruno. His older brother is film and television actor, director and producer Chris Bruno. Growing up, the brothers lived", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15721765", "chunk_text": "\"John C. McGinley\"\nJohn C. McGinley John Christopher McGinley (born August 3, 1959) is an American actor. He is most notable for his roles as Perry Cox in \"\"Scrubs\"\", Bob Slydell in \"\"Office Space\"\", Captain Hendrix in \"\"The Rock\"\", Sergeant Red O'Neill in Oliver Stone's \"\"Platoon,\"\" Marv in Stone's \"\"Wall Street\"\", and FBI agent Ben Harp in \"\"Point Break.\"\" He has also written and produced for television and film. Apart from acting, McGinley is also an author, a board member and international spokesman for the Global Down Syndrome Foundation, and a spokesman for the National Down Syndrome Society. McGinley, who is one of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9986251", "chunk_text": "\"Barrett Foa\"\nBarrett Foa Barrett Foa (born September 18, 1977) is an American actor, known for his role as Eric Beale on the CBS series \"\"\"\". Foa was born in Manhattan. At the age of three he put together a puzzle in record time, gaining him entry to the Dalton School. He spent all his remaining school years there. While in high school at Dalton, Foa spent all four summers at the Interlochen Arts Camp in northern Michigan, pursuing his interest in live theatre. He continued his theatrical studies at the University of Michigan, graduating with honors and earning a Bachelor of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "584604", "chunk_text": "\"Mark Moses\"\na brief appearance in the 2008 film \"\"Swing Vote\"\", starring Kevin Costner. He was cast in 2015 as Jeffrey Michener, former HUD secretary and president of the US, in the TNT TV series \"\"The Last Ship\"\". Mark Moses Mark W. Moses (born February 25, 1958) is an American actor, known for his roles of Paul Young on \"\"Desperate Housewives\"\" and Herman \"\"Duck\"\" Phillips on the AMC series \"\"Mad Men\"\". Moses was born in New York City but grew up in Evanston, Illinois. His father worked in advertising on Madison Avenue while they lived in New York. He has stated that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10265955", "chunk_text": "\"Mark Moses\"\nMark Moses Mark W. Moses (born February 25, 1958) is an American actor, known for his roles of Paul Young on \"\"Desperate Housewives\"\" and Herman \"\"Duck\"\" Phillips on the AMC series \"\"Mad Men\"\". Moses was born in New York City but grew up in Evanston, Illinois. His father worked in advertising on Madison Avenue while they lived in New York. He has stated that he drew inspiration from his father when he landed the role of Duck Phillips on the hit show \"\"Mad Men\"\". Moses's parents moved to Saint Louis, Missouri while he was still in high school, so he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11243157", "chunk_text": "\"Joshua Jackson\"\ncharge dropped. In June 2018, it was reported that the star is dating actress and Cheddar TV host Alyssa Julya Smith. Joshua Jackson Joshua Browning Carter Jackson (born June 11, 1978) is a Canadian actor. He has appeared in primetime television and in over 30 film roles. His well-known roles include Pacey Witter in \"\"Dawson's Creek\"\", Charlie Conway in \"\"The Mighty Ducks\"\" film series, Peter Bishop in \"\"Fringe\"\", and Cole Lockhart in \"\"The Affair\"\". Jackson won the Genie Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role for his performance in the Canadian independent film \"\"One Week\"\". Jackson", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8767495", "chunk_text": "\"Julian McMahon\"\nJulian McMahon Julian Dana William McMahon (; born 27 July 1968) is an Australian actor and model, and the son of a former Prime Minister of Australia, Sir William McMahon. McMahon won recognition for his roles in television dramas, in portrayals of Ben Lucini in the Australian soap opera \"\"Home and Away\"\" (1989–91), as Cole Turner in the American supernatural drama \"\"Charmed\"\" (2000–03), and Christian Troy in the American medical drama \"\"Nip/Tuck\"\" (2003–10). He also appeared in films with leading and supporting roles, such as \"\"Chasing Sleep\"\" (2000) alongside Jeff Daniels, Doctor Doom in the \"\"Fantastic Four\"\" franchise (2005 and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14788690", "chunk_text": "\"Jon Cryer\"\nlead character in DisneyToon Studios' animated film \"\"Planes\"\", a spin-off of Pixar's \"\"Cars\"\" franchise, but later dropped out and was replaced by Dane Cook. Cryer did however receive a credit on the film for \"\"additional story material.\"\" In 2015, Cryer released a book titled \"\"So That Happened\"\", a breezy, often comic tale chronicling Cryer's 30-year career on stage, film and television. Cryer currently appears in the highly popular CBS drama series, \"\"NCIS\"\" where he currently plays Navy Dr. Cyril Taft who treats NCIS Special Agent Leroy Jethro Gibbs (Mark Harmon). Cryer had expressed a desire to appear in \"\"NCIS\"\" since", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "700136", "chunk_text": "\"Dylan Bruno\"\nis the current narrator of the Discovery Channel program \"\"Rides\"\". Bruno is married and has two sons. He is an avid spearfisher. Dylan Bruno Dylan Bruno (born September 6, 1972) is an American actor and former model. His first major film role was a supporting part in Steven Spielberg's \"\"Saving Private Ryan\"\" (1998), followed by a lead role in the horror film \"\"\"\" (1999). On television, Bruno portrayed FBI agent Colby Granger in \"\"Numbers\"\" and disgraced former Army Ranger Jason Paul Dean in \"\"NCIS\"\". Bruno was born September 6, 1972 in Milford, Connecticut, to actor Scott Bruno and the late", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9390813", "chunk_text": "\"Brandon Adams (actor)\"\nBrandon Adams (actor) Brandon Quintin Adams (born August 22, 1979) is an American actor, known for having played Jesse Hall in the first two \"\"Mighty Ducks\"\" movies and Kenny DeNunez in \"\"The Sandlot\"\". He also played in the 1989 film Polly as Jimmy Bean. Adams has also appeared in \"\"The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air\"\", \"\"Martin\"\", Michael Jackson's \"\"Moonwalker\"\" where he played Zeke in the \"\"Smooth Criminal\"\" segment and Young Michael in the \"\"Badder\"\" segment, a parody of Jackson's classic video for \"\"Bad\"\", and was the leading actor in Wes Craven's \"\"The People Under the Stairs\"\". He also provided the voice", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19181576", "chunk_text": "\"Till Death Do Us Part (NCIS)\"\ndeliver a true cliffhanger\"\". The ending scene with Ducky's heart attack was planned for a long time. \"\"David [McCallum] and I have been talking about it for months, and he’s been preparing for it [...], and it’s really going to give his character a new perspective on life coming back from what he experienced.\"\" Along with Ducky, the rest of the team could be in danger after the explosion, while the terrorist Harper Dearing (Richard Schiff) still is on the loose. \"\"We know how important the NCIS family is to [the fans]. Yes, we literally just shook the foundation of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10855444", "chunk_text": "\"Jude Ciccolella\"\nof the CBS show \"\"NCIS\"\". Two years later, he appeared one more time for the last episode of the 8th season. In the \"\"Supporting Players\"\" featurette on the \"\"24\"\" season 5 DVD, actress Jean Smart reveals that Ciccolella is a folk singer. Jude Ciccolella Richard Jude Ciccolella (born November 30, 1947), is an American character actor, perhaps best known for his role as Mike Novick on \"\"24\"\". Ciccolella was born in Burlington, Vermont and spent his formative years in Albany, New York. He graduated from Brown University, class of 1969 where he acted in student productions. He studied at Temple", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7465695", "chunk_text": "\"Brian Patrick Wade\"\nBrian Patrick Wade Brian Patrick Wade (born June 9, 1978) is an American actor and physical trainer, best known for his television roles as Capt. Craig Schwetje in the mini-series \"\"Generation Kill\"\", as Kurt (Penny's former love interest) in \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\", and as the Alpha Werewolf Ennis on \"\"Teen Wolf\"\". Wade made his debut in 2002 as an exotic dancer on \"\"\"\". He later appeared in the films \"\"Latter Days\"\" and \"\"The Guardian\"\". He later appeared on television in episodes of \"\"Two and a Half Men\"\", \"\"Sabrina, the Teenage Witch\"\", \"\"NCIS\"\", \"\"Las Vegas\"\", \"\"Surface\"\", \"\"'Til Death\"\", \"\"The Closer\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16532299", "chunk_text": "\"Duane Henry\"\nto “keep on going”. Duane Henry Duane Henry (born March 18, 1985) is an English actor. Henry is most notable for his work on \"\"NCIS\"\", \"\"Doctors\"\", \"\"Doctor Who\"\", and \"\"W.E.\"\" He currently resides in Los Angeles, California. Duane Henry was born in Birmingham, West Midlands, England. He grew up in a working class home in Handsworth, West Midlands. As a child, Henry attended St. Francis Catholic Primary School in Birmingham, and St. John Wall School in Handsworth, eventually studying drama at Dudley College. When he was 17, Henry moved to London to explore a career in the entertainment industry. Henry", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9390814", "chunk_text": "\"Brandon Adams (actor)\"\nof Rai in \"\"Kingdom Hearts II\"\". He also appeared in the sitcom Night Court on NBC which ran from 1984 to 1992. Brandon Adams (actor) Brandon Quintin Adams (born August 22, 1979) is an American actor, known for having played Jesse Hall in the first two \"\"Mighty Ducks\"\" movies and Kenny DeNunez in \"\"The Sandlot\"\". He also played in the 1989 film Polly as Jimmy Bean. Adams has also appeared in \"\"The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air\"\", \"\"Martin\"\", Michael Jackson's \"\"Moonwalker\"\" where he played Zeke in the \"\"Smooth Criminal\"\" segment and Young Michael in the \"\"Badder\"\" segment, a parody of Jackson's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3765049", "chunk_text": "\"Duane Henry\"\nDuane Henry Duane Henry (born March 18, 1985) is an English actor. Henry is most notable for his work on \"\"NCIS\"\", \"\"Doctors\"\", \"\"Doctor Who\"\", and \"\"W.E.\"\" He currently resides in Los Angeles, California. Duane Henry was born in Birmingham, West Midlands, England. He grew up in a working class home in Handsworth, West Midlands. As a child, Henry attended St. Francis Catholic Primary School in Birmingham, and St. John Wall School in Handsworth, eventually studying drama at Dudley College. When he was 17, Henry moved to London to explore a career in the entertainment industry. Henry first began acting in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9098497", "chunk_text": "\"Perry Anzilotti\"\n\"\"the Cookie Man\"\" in the SnackWells Cookies TV commercial spots. Other television appearances include guest parts on HBO's \"\"Curb Your Enthusiasm\"\", ABC-TV's \"\"Step by Step\"\", CBS-TV's \"\"NCIS\"\", NBC-TV's medical/drama series \"\"ER\"\", and \"\"Empty Nest\"\" \"\"Caroline in the City\"\", \"\"Mad About You\"\" and \"\"Seinfeld\"\". Perry Anzilotti Perry Anzilotti (born December 11, 1959) is an American television and film actor. Perry, who was born and raised in Chicago, Illinois, attended the University of Illinois at Chicago, and is also a graduate of the California Institute of the Arts. Anzilotti played caveman Chang in the ABC-TV series \"\"Dinosaurs\"\" episode \"\"The Mating Dance\"\". He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15346051", "chunk_text": "\"Shabbat Shalom (NCIS)\"\nMcCallum as Autopsy Technician Donald \"\"Ducky\"\" Mallard, Rocky Carroll as NCIS Director Leon Vance, and Brian Dietzen as Medical Assistant Jimmy Palmer. In previous years, Ziva's relationship with her father, Eli David, was scripted as complex; this is heightened during the seventh season when he orders her to continue on a hazardous assignment even after the risks made it a suicide mission. Cote de Pablo has opined, \"\"These characters are able to justify [their actions] because they come from a country that's at war. You learn to sympathize with her dad, who's played so beautifully by Michael Nouri.\"\" Despite this,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8494051", "chunk_text": "\"Jeffrey D. Sams\"\nJeffrey D. Sams Jeffrey D. Sams (born September 1, 1966 in Cincinnati, Ohio) is an American actor known primarily for his television work. A native of Ohio, Sams has been a main cast member of several television series, few of which have made it past their first season. These include \"\"Medicine Ball\"\", \"\"Sleepwalkers\"\", Rob Thomas's \"\"Cupid\"\", and \"\"Line of Fire\"\". Sams has had recurring roles on television series such as \"\"Strong Medicine\"\", \"\"Law & Order\"\", and \"\"\"\". He appeared on Broadway in the 1992 musical \"\"Five Guys Named Moe\"\", the 1993 motion picture \"\"Fly By Night\"\", and in the 1997", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "828111", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Krause\"\nPeter Krause Peter William Krause (; born August 12, 1965) is an American television and film actor. He has played lead roles in multiple television series, portraying Casey McCall on \"\"Sports Night\"\" (1998–2000), Nate Fisher on \"\"Six Feet Under\"\" (2001–2005), Nick George on \"\"Dirty Sexy Money\"\" (2007–2009), Adam Braverman on \"\"Parenthood\"\" (2010–2015), Benjamin Jones on \"\"The Catch\"\" (2016–2017), and Bobby Nash on \"\"9-1-1\"\" (2018–present). For his work on \"\"Six Feet Under\"\", Krause was nominated for three Primetime Emmy Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, and seven Screen Actors Guild Awards, winning twice for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15765491", "chunk_text": "\"Ivar Brogger\"\n2009: Lucky Bastard 2013: Bounty Killer 2015: Martys \"\"Television:\"\" 2008: Private Practice: Alena's father 2009: Prison Break: Vincent Sandinsky 2014: Grey's Anatomy \"\"Video games:\"\" 2005: Age of Empires III: Maurice of Nassau Ivar Brogger Ivar Brogger (born January 10, 1947) is an American actor of stage, motion pictures and television. He is known for his appearances in several TV shows like \"\"24\"\", \"\"NCIS\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"Private Practice\"\" and a recurring role in \"\"Invasion\"\". He had small roles in motion pictures like \"\"Dreamgirls\"\", \"\"Ocean's Thirteen\"\" and \"\"Little Children\"\". Brogger was born in St. Paul, Minnesota, the son of Helga (née Bjornson), a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9667280", "chunk_text": "\"Gary Vinson\"\nGary Vinson Gary Vinson (October 22, 1936 – October 15, 1984) was an American actor who appeared in significant roles in three television series of the 1960s: \"\"The Roaring 20s\"\", \"\"McHale's Navy\"\", and \"\"Pistols 'n' Petticoats\"\". Vinson was born in El Segundo, California. He graduated from El Segundo High School and El Camino Junior College. Vinson began acting in 1957. His television debut came in the role of a page boy on Milton Berle's program. Among his first roles was one as defendant Marv Adams in the fourth \"\"Perry Mason\"\" episode, \"\"The Case of the Drowning Duck.\"\" He guest-starred on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2024816", "chunk_text": "\"Hiatus (NCIS)\"\nSciuto, Sean Murray as Special Agent Timothy McGee, David McCallum as NCIS Medical Examiner Donald \"\"Ducky\"\" Mallard, and Lauren Holly as NCIS Director Jenny Shepard. Gibbs was originally scripted as having been married and divorced three consecutive times. His backstory was later revised to include his \"\"first wife\"\" Shannon and daughter Kelly, both of whom were killed years prior. This is first implied early in the third season, and series creator Donald P. Bellisario continued to develop the idea until it came to a head in \"\"Hiatus\"\". Tony, McGee, and Ziva wait in a car as Gibbs contacts an undercover", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18714307", "chunk_text": "\"Eric Millegan\"\nEric Millegan Eric Millegan (born August 25, 1974) is an American actor, best known for his role as Dr. Zack Addy on the Fox series \"\"Bones\"\". Millegan was born in Hackettstown, New Jersey, and raised in Springfield, Oregon. Eric attended high school at Springfield High School, where he was student body Vice President his senior year. He studied acting at the Interlochen Arts Camp at Interlochen Center for the Arts before studying musical theatre at the University of Michigan and receiving a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree. Millegan is openly gay. \"\"Out\"\" magazine named him the \"\"Hottest Up-and-Coming Openly Gay", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6541505", "chunk_text": "\"Matt Barr\"\nwho fell in love with Roseanna McCoy. Barr was drawn to this part due to the romance and tragedy surrounding the famous feud. In 2014, Barr appeared in a recurring role on \"\"Sleepy Hollow\"\" as Nick Hawley in season 2. Matt Barr Matthew Jerome Barr (born February 14, 1984) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Johnse Hatfield in \"\"Hatfields & McCoys\"\" with Kevin Costner, Mike Fleming in \"\"Commander in Chief\"\", Ian Banks in \"\"One Tree Hill\"\", Christopher Sullivan in the mystery-horror limited series \"\"Harper's Island\"\", and Dan Patch in The CW's series \"\"Hellcats\"\". Matthew Jerome", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5544940", "chunk_text": "\"Mark Harmon\"\nMark Harmon Thomas Mark Harmon (born September 2, 1951) is an American television and film actor. He has appeared in a wide variety of roles since the early 1970s. Harmon gained recognition for portraying Secret Service Special Agent Simon Donovan in \"\"The West Wing\"\", receiving a 2002 Emmy Award nomination for his acting in the four-episode story arc. Harmon was cast in a similar role a year later: The creator of both \"\"JAG\"\" and \"\"NCIS\"\" for CBS had seen Harmon in \"\"The West Wing\"\" and decided to cast him in \"\"NCIS\"\". Harmon's character of NCIS special agent Leroy Jethro Gibbs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2386215", "chunk_text": "\"NCIS (franchise)\"\nand M.I.T. graduate; Eleanor Bishop, a former NSA security analyst and threat assessment specialist; Nicholas Torres, an undercover operative; Alexandra Quinn, a training officer who supervised the recruitment of Bishop, McGee, David, and Torres; Ziva David, a former Mossad assassin; and Jack Sloane, a no-nonsense senior agent. Primarily dealing with cases along the East Coast, and acting under the supervision of successive NCIS Directors Tom Morrow, Jenny Shepard and Leon Vance, the team is supported by Abigail Sciuto, a forensic specialist; Kasie Hines, a forensic scientist; Jimmy Palmer, an Assistant Medical Examiner dubbed the \"\"autopsy gremlin\"\"; Ducky Mallard, a seasoned", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11463865", "chunk_text": "\"Mark Harmon\"\nHarmon was first introduced as the character of NCIS agent Leroy Jethro Gibbs. Starting that September, Harmon has starred as Gibbs in the CBS drama \"\"NCIS\"\", a role which earned him six nominations at the People's Choice Awards including a win for Favorite TV Crime Drama Actor in 2017. During his time on the show, he was reunited with three of his former \"\"Chicago Hope\"\" co-stars, Rocky Carroll, Lauren Holly, and Jayne Brook. Since 2008, he has also been a producer and executive producer. In 2003, Harmon had a supporting role in the remake of the comedy film \"\"Freaky Friday\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19403710", "chunk_text": "\"Ryan Hurst\"\nRyan Hurst Ryan Douglas Hurst (born June 19, 1976) is an American actor, best known for his roles as Gerry Bertier in Disney's \"\"Remember the Titans\"\", Tom Clark in \"\"Taken\"\", Opie Winston in the FX network drama series \"\"Sons of Anarchy\"\", as Sergeant Ernie Savage in \"\"We Were Soldiers\"\", and as Chick in \"\"Bates Motel\"\". Hurst was born in Santa Monica, California, the son of Candace Kaniecki, an acting coach, and Rick Hurst, an actor. He attended Santa Monica High School. Growing up in a Hollywood family, Hurst made a very early start in show business, with a recurring role", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17007524", "chunk_text": "\"Eric Winter\"\nEric Winter Eric Barrett Winter (born July 17, 1976) is an American actor, producer, author and former fashion model, best known as \"\"TV's Eric Winter\"\". Also known for his television roles as FBI Special Agent Craig O'Laughlin on CBS drama series \"\"The Mentalist\"\" (2010–2012), and Dash Gardiner on the Lifetime fantasy-drama series \"\"Witches of East End\"\" (2013–2014). He is known for his film roles in \"\"Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay\"\" (2008) and \"\"The Ugly Truth\"\" (2009). Winter was born on July 17, 1976 in La Mirada, California. Winter graduated from UCLA with a degree in Psychology. To pay", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9427496", "chunk_text": "\"John Enos III\"\nJohn Enos III John Enos III (born June 12, 1962) is an American film and television actor. He has guest starred on television programs \"\"Murder, She Wrote\"\", \"\"Sex and the City\"\", \"\"NYPD Blue\"\", and \"\"\"\", among other TV series. Enos's film credits include \"\"Death Becomes Her\"\" (1992), \"\"Demolition Man\"\" (1993), \"\"The Rock\"\" (1996), \"\"Blade\"\" (1998), \"\"Flawless\"\" (1999), \"\"Phone Booth\"\" (2002), \"\"Everybody Wants to Be Italian\"\" (2007) and \"\"Toxic\"\" (2008). In 2018, Enos was nominated for the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Performer, for his role as Roger, an Elvis impersonator and partner to Eileen Davidson's Susan Banks, on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7104439", "chunk_text": "\"Tyler Posey\"\nTyler Posey Tyler Garcia Posey (born October 18, 1991) is an American actor and musician, best known for his role as Scott McCall on the MTV television series \"\"Teen Wolf\"\" (2011–2017). Posey was born in Santa Monica, California, to actor/writer John Posey and Cyndi Terese Garcia. He grew up in Santa Clarita, California. His on-screen mother in \"\"Teen Wolf\"\", actress Melissa Ponzio, said: \"\"I had the pleasure to meet his mom and dad, and he is the perfect mix of the two.\"\" Posey has two brothers, Derek and Jesse. His mother, of Mexican descent, died of breast cancer in December", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14418370", "chunk_text": "\"Hiatus (NCIS)\"\n(Michael Weatherly) or Abby (Pauley Perrette) would depart with the conclusion of Part II, saying, \"\"We assume CBS would never be stupid enough to kill off series star Mark Harmon, who plays hard-nosed Leroy Gibbs, who is already suffering memory loss after a recent explosion.\"\" Jae-Ha Kim of Amazon.com later described the events of the finale as \"\"explosive\"\" in her review of the third season. Michelle Calbert from BuddyTV included the \"\"Hiatus\"\" two-part in her list of \"\"The 10 Best Gibbs Episodes\"\" and wrote, \"\"We're including both episodes as one because they are basically just one two-hour episode. Gibbs is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17548358", "chunk_text": "\"Drew Powell\"\nDrew Powell Andrew \"\"Drew\"\" Powell (born January 19, 1976) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Hoss Cartwright on the PAX series \"\"Ponderosa\"\", Cadet Drew on \"\"Malcolm in the Middle\"\", and Butch Gilzean/Cyrus Gold/Solomon Grundy, a series regular, on FOX's \"\"Gotham\"\". Powell was born in Noblesville, Indiana and grew up in Lebanon, Indiana, graduating from Lebanon Senior High School. He graduated from DePauw University in 1998 and moved to Los Angeles where he soon began auditioning for acting roles. His first television role was as a cadet on Fox's \"\"Malcolm in the Middle\"\". He appeared", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18714308", "chunk_text": "\"Eric Millegan\"\nActor of 2003.\"\". In March 2010, Millegan came out as having bipolar disorder in The Huffington Post. Millegan married his long-time partner, Charles Michel, in New York City on June 28, 2012. He announced his union on Twitter. On November 1, 2015, Millegan ran in the TCS New York City Marathon. Eric Millegan Eric Millegan (born August 25, 1974) is an American actor, best known for his role as Dr. Zack Addy on the Fox series \"\"Bones\"\". Millegan was born in Hackettstown, New Jersey, and raised in Springfield, Oregon. Eric attended high school at Springfield High School, where he was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15629015", "chunk_text": "\"Jon Cryer\"\nAmerica besides himself, they are, they are stoned and need to rethink their priorities, 'cause he's, you know, 'cause it's just ridiculous that's he's gotten as far as he has.\"\" Jon Cryer Jonathan Niven Cryer (born April 16, 1965) is an American actor and television director. Born into a show business family, Cryer made his motion picture debut as a teenaged photographer in the 1984 romantic comedy \"\"No Small Affair\"\"; his breakout role came in 1986, playing \"\"Duckie\"\" Dale in the John Hughes-written film \"\"Pretty in Pink\"\". In 1998, he wrote and produced the independent film \"\"Went to Coney Island", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_306	when does the new death of superman come out?	n/a	[ "2019", "2018", "in 2018 and 2019", "late 2018" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13733296", "chunk_text": "\"The Death of Superman (film)\"\nThe Death of Superman (film) The Death of Superman is a 2018 American animated direct-to-video superhero film produced by Warner Bros. Animation and DC Entertainment. It is based on the DC comic book storyline of the same name. The film, which chronicles the battle between Superman (Jerry O'Connell) and Doomsday, is the 32nd installment in the DC Universe Animated Original Movies and the 11th film in the DC Animated Movie Universe. \"\"The Death of Superman\"\" was released on July 24, 2018, with the film receiving a limited theatrical release on January 13, 2019. A sequel, \"\"Reign of the Supermen\"\", will", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12423387", "chunk_text": "\"The Death of Superman (film)\"\ntheme of the film is relationships and their impact on Superman's world. \"\"The Death of Superman\"\" had its premiere at the San Diego Comic-Con International on July 20, 2018 and released in direct-to-video on August 7, 2018, distributed by Warner Bros. Home Entertainment on DVD, Blu-ray, and on digital distribution platforms on July 24, 2018. The Film is also scheduled to receive a limited theatrical release on January 13, 2019. Reviews for \"\"The Death of Superman\"\" have been positive. On Rotten Tomatoes it has a rating of 92% based on 12 reviews. \"\"Newsarama\"\" called the film \"\"One of DC's Best", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12423391", "chunk_text": "\"The Death of Superman (film)\"\nCress Williams returning as Steel, Charles Halford as Eradicator, and Patrick Fabian as Hank Henshaw / Cyborg Superman. The Death of Superman (film) The Death of Superman is a 2018 American animated direct-to-video superhero film produced by Warner Bros. Animation and DC Entertainment. It is based on the DC comic book storyline of the same name. The film, which chronicles the battle between Superman (Jerry O'Connell) and Doomsday, is the 32nd installment in the DC Universe Animated Original Movies and the 11th film in the DC Animated Movie Universe. \"\"The Death of Superman\"\" was released on July 24, 2018, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13733297", "chunk_text": "\"The Death of Superman (film)\"\nbe released in January 15, 2019. Superman has become an icon of virtue for the citizens of Metropolis, a notion that still infuriates billionaire and Superman foe Lex Luthor, who considers the alien a threat to his city. After foiling a kidnapping attempt of the mayor by Intergang armed with Apokolips technology, such as the Mother Box, Superman and the Justice League send the pieces to S.T.A.R. Labs for analysis. Meanwhile Superman, in an unprecedented move, presents the rocket that brought him from Krypton to Earth, and its birthing matrix, containing Kryptonian DNA technology to the world, through an interview", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3446556", "chunk_text": "\"The Death of Superman\"\nwas released in 2018, while the second, \"\"Reign of the Supermen\"\", is scheduled for release in 2019. Superman is a superhero created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics. He debuted in \"\"Action Comics\"\" #1 on April 18, 1938, to immediate success, and the following year became the first superhero to headline his own comic book, \"\"Superman\"\". Since his debut, Superman has been considered a cultural icon in the United States. In 1985, DC launched the crossover event \"\"Crisis on Infinite Earths\"\", which took place in a variety of comics. Its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7139966", "chunk_text": "\"DC Universe Animated Original Movies\"\nHank Henshaw. The second part of \"\"The Death of Superman\"\" storyline, titled \"\"Reign of the Supermen\"\", will be released digitally on January 15, 2019, and on Blu-ray January 29. Announced at San Diego Comic-Con on July 20, 2018. Announced at San Diego Comic-Con on July 20, 2018, will be released in summer 2019. Announced at San Diego Comic-Con on July 20, 2018. This will be a solo Wonder Woman film with an original storyline. \"\"DC Showcase\"\" is a series of short films focusing on DC characters who normally are unable to have a feature unto themselves. They are released as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4392495", "chunk_text": "\"DC Animated Movie Universe\"\nshort film set during the events of \"\"Justice League: Throne of Atlantis\"\". The digital-first series \"\"Suicide Squad: Hell to Pay\"\" was released on March 21, 2018, and features 12 digital issues. It serves as a sequel to film of . On August 1, 2018, DC announced a 12-part, weekly digital comic series titled \"\"The Death of Superman: Part 1\"\". This series, written by veteran Superman writer Louise Simonson serves as prequel to the film. Some aspects of the series contradict events previously established in the DC Animated Movie Universe, most notably the Parademon invasion as depicted in \"\"\"\". In the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18860262", "chunk_text": "\"Reign of the Supermen (film)\"\nReign of the Supermen (film) Reign of the Supermen is an upcoming animated superhero film produced by Warner Bros. Animation and DC Entertainment. It is based on the comic book of the same name that continues from The Death of Superman. The film is a sequel to the 2018 animated film \"\"The Death of Superman\"\" and is intended to be the 12th film in the DC Animated Movie Universe while being the 33rd film in the DC Universe Animated Original Movies. \"\"Reign of the Supermen\"\" is scheduled to be released in limited Fathom Events theaters on January 13, 2019, to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1782709", "chunk_text": "\"The Death of Superman\"\nstab each other with a spear and bone, respectively, and both die. Jurgens received a \"\"Special Thanks\"\" credit at the end of the film. In \"\"Justice League\"\" (2017), the black suit reappears as an Easter egg in a deleted scene. Costume designer Michael Wilkinson explained that director Zack Snyder planned to have Superman wear the suit when he was resurrected in the film, but scrapped the idea in pre-production. In 2017, DC announced a two-part animated film adaptation, \"\"The Death of Superman\"\" (2018) and \"\"Reign of the Supermen\"\" (2019), to be released as part of the DC Universe Animated Original", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12423390", "chunk_text": "\"The Death of Superman (film)\"\nannounced a 12-part digital comic series titled \"\"The Death of Superman: Part 1\"\", written by veteran Superman writer Louise Simonson serves as a prequel to the film. In the US, retailer Best Buy offered an exclusive \"\"Deluxe Edition\"\" Blu-Ray containing a hardcover graphic novel titled \"\"The Death of Superman: The Wake.\"\" The four-chapter series, also written by Simonson picks up shortly after the events of the film. A sequel, \"\"Reign of the Supermen\"\", will be released on January 15, 2019. It will be based on the second part of the storyline. The cast includes Cameron Monaghan as Kon-El / Superboy,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4392494", "chunk_text": "\"DC Animated Movie Universe\"\nYork Comic Con on October 4, 2018, and released on Blu-ray, DVD, and digital on October 9, 2018. \"\"Reign of the Supermen\"\" will be the second part of a two part film that started with \"\"The Death of Superman\"\" and will be released early 2019. The film will be based on the comic book of the same name which was a follow up to the Death of Superman comic. The film will feature Superboy, Steel, the Eradicator and Cyborg Superman. It will be released digitally on January 15, 2019, and on Blu-ray January 29. \"\"Nightwing and Robin\"\" is a one-minute", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12423389", "chunk_text": "\"The Death of Superman (film)\"\nreview, explaining that the film is \"\"an affecting tribute to the Superman mythos and an animated film frustratingly hamstrung by blatant corner-cutting both technically and creatively\"\" as which it \"\"fails to live up to its colossal potential.\"\" The website also ranked the film's pros and cons, with mediocre animation, tone inconsistency, and mixed acting overshadowing the positives of having Superman's death being more effective in execution, and being faithful to the source material. Regardless, they still stated that the film \"\"delivers the basic goods and should rouse enough intrigue for the sequel, \"\"Reign of the Supermen\"\".\"\" In August 2018, DC", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9844118", "chunk_text": "\"Jon Schnepp\"\nan online show dedicated to film news and commentaries. After the series' cancellation by AMC Theatres and subsequent pickup by Collider, Schnepp remained as a regular contributor. In 2015, Schnepp directed the documentary film \"\"\"\", which documents behind-the-scenes events surrounding the cancelled Tim Burton film \"\"Superman Lives\"\". Partially raised through a successful Kickstarter campaign, it premiered on May 1, 2015, and was released through VOD on July 9, 2015, to positive reviews. On July 12, 2018, Schnepp suffered a massive stroke that left him unconscious and on life support. He died of complications a week later on July 19, aged", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5688118", "chunk_text": "\"Superman in film\"\ndirecting Goyer's \"\"Justice League\"\" script. Warner Bros. was reportedly courting Chris Terrio to rewrite \"\"Justice League\"\" the following July, after having been impressed with his rewrite of \"\"Batman v Superman\"\". In October 2014, Warner Bros. announced the film would be released in two parts as the fifth and ninth installments of the shared universe, with \"\"Part One\"\" releasing in 2017, and \"\"Part Two\"\" in 2019. Snyder will direct both films with Henry Cavill set to reprise his role as Superman. In October 2014, a \"\"Man of Steel\"\" sequel was announced with an intended release between 2016 and 2020. In August", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2537735", "chunk_text": "\"Justice League (film)\"\nduring \"\"a dark, twisted moment\"\" in the film, the time when a resurrected Superman fights the Justice League. The film features a cover of Leonard Cohen's \"\"Everybody Knows\"\" performed by Sigrid, \"\"Icky Thump\"\" performed by the White Stripes, and a cover of the Beatles' \"\"Come Together\"\" performed by Gary Clark Jr. and Junkie XL. WaterTower Music released the soundtrack album digitally on November 10, 2017, with a release of the physical format on December 8. The film held its world premiere in Beijing on October 26, 2017, and was theatrically released in North America and elsewhere around the world in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18484670", "chunk_text": "\"DC Extended Universe\"\nfilm. \"\"Justice League\"\" was released worldwide on November 17, 2017. \"\"Justice League\"\" introduced various characters, including J. K. Simmons as James Gordon, Amber Heard as Mera, and Billy Crudup as Henry Allen. Additionally, Joe Manganiello as Slade Wilson / Deathstroke was also introduced in a post-credits scene, teasing an alliance between him and Alexander \"\"Lex\"\" Luthor. Kiersey Clemons as Iris West and Willem Dafoe as Nuidis Vulko were to be introduced but their scenes were ultimately cut from the film. Following the events of \"\"Justice League\"\", Arthur Curry / Aquaman must fight to retain the Atlantean throne from opposing threats.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18557462", "chunk_text": "\"Reign of the Supermen (film)\"\nbe followed by a digital release on January 15, 2019 and a DVD and Blu-ray release on January 29, 2019. Following Superman's sacrifice to defeat Doomsday, the world reels the superhero's death, with several different versions of the hero popping up on Earth to take his place. \"\"Reign of the Supermen\"\" will be released and distributed by Warner Bros. Home Entertainment in limited Fathom Events theaters on January 13 and 14, 2019, on Digital HD on January 15, 2019, and on DVD and Blu-ray on January 29, 2019. Reign of the Supermen (film) Reign of the Supermen is an upcoming", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13810897", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Tomasi\"\nTalia al Ghul, and Jonathan Kent, son of Superman and Lois Lane. The series ran for 16 issues and one annual. Tomasi and Gleason crafted the \"\"Never-Ending Battle\"\" chapter in \"\"Action Comics\"\" #1000 (June 2018). Tomasi launched the \"\"Adventures of the Super Sons\"\" limited series in August 2018. He penned the screenplay for the animated feature film \"\"The Death of Superman\"\". Directed by Jake Castorena and Sam Liu, this is the eleventh film in the shared animated film continuity series: The DC Animated Movie Universe and the first of a two-part animated feature based on the comic book story arc", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1782689", "chunk_text": "\"The Death of Superman\"\nfrom previous collections along with 40 pages dedicated to promotional materials and interviews, for a total of 784 pages. Jurgens also contributed new cover art. A new version of the omnibus edition was published in 2013, while another reissue is scheduled for 2019. An edition of \"\"The Death of Superman\"\" containing the DVD/Blu-ray versions of the 2007 film adaptation, \"\"\"\", was released in 2015. DC reissued \"\"The Death of Superman\"\" in four \"\"New Edition\"\" volumes in 2016: \"\"Superman: The Death of Superman\"\" (); \"\"Superman: Funeral for a Friend\"\" (); \"\"Superman: Reign of the Supermen\"\" (); and \"\"Superman: The Return of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2537701", "chunk_text": "\"Justice League (film)\"\nJoss Whedon was hired to oversee the remainder of post-production, including directing additional scenes written by himself; Snyder retained sole directorial credit, while Whedon received a screenwriting credit. \"\"Justice League\"\" premiered in Beijing on October 26, 2017, and was released in the United States in 2D, Real D 3D, and IMAX on November 17, 2017. With an estimated production budget of $300 million, \"\"Justice League\"\" is one of the most expensive films ever made. The film grossed $657 million worldwide against a break-even point of $750 million, becoming a box office bomb and losing the studio approximately $60 million, while", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12096743", "chunk_text": "\"Justice League (film)\"\ntour. Clark Kent was revealed in a final trailer before the release of the film, but edited in a way that writers felt Lois Lane was dreaming about Clark. Sponsorship and marketing partners of the film included AT&T, Gillette, Mercedes-Benz, and TCL. \"\"Justice League\"\" was released on digital download on February 13, 2018, and was released on Blu-ray Disc, Blu-ray 3D, 4K Ultra-HD Blu-ray and DVD on March 13, 2018 in various international markets. The Blu-ray features two deleted scenes titled \"\"Return of Superman\"\". , it has made $12.1 million in DVD sales and $37.3 million in Blu-ray sales, totaling", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3446555", "chunk_text": "\"The Death of Superman\"\nthe mainstream media. \"\"Superman\"\" #75, which features Superman's death, sold over six million copies and became the top-selling comic of 1992. Retrospective reviewers are divided on the story, with some finding it ambitious and influential, while others dismiss it as a publicity stunt. The story has been adapted into various forms of media, including two novelizations in 1993 and a beat 'em up video game, \"\"The Death and Return of Superman\"\", in 1994. A loose animated film adaptation, \"\"\"\", was released in 2007. A second, two-part animated film adaptation was announced in 2017; the first part, \"\"The Death of Superman\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7670708", "chunk_text": "\"The Death of Superman\"\nshorter-tempered and no longer in love with Lois Lane. However, \"\"The Death of Superman\"\" remained intact in the new DC Universe. To coincide with the release of the animated film adaptation of the crossover in 2018, a 12-part \"\"Death of Superman\"\" webcomic series began, written by Simonson and illustrated by Cat Staggs, Joel Ojeda, and Laura Braga, among others. The first parts chronicle Superman's actions hours before Doomsday kills him; later parts follow Jimmy Olson during the confrontation and the aftermath of Superman's death. Stern wrote a novelization of \"\"The Death of Superman\"\", \"\"The Death and Life of Superman\"\", in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20532319", "chunk_text": "\"Death of a Nation: Can We Save America a Second Time?\"\nand Bruce Schooley, and produced by Gerald R. Molen. It was produced on a budget of . \"\"Death of a Nation\"\" was released in the United States on August 3, 2018 and grossed $5.9 million. Historians and film critics criticized the film for its falsehoods and misrepresentations. Several publications called the film one of the worst of 2018. The documentary compares the 45th President of the United States Donald Trump to the 16th President of the United States Abraham Lincoln, and explores the role of the Democratic Party in opposing both presidents. In the documentary, D'Souza accuses the modern Democratic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3612474", "chunk_text": "\"Superman (comic book)\"\na variant cover done by Tony S. Daniel to commemorate the occasion. The series ended its run with issue #45 (April 2018). A new \"\"Superman\"\" series under the direction of Brian Michael Bendis began on July 11, 2018. The \"\"Superman\"\" series had annuals published since 1960. Eight issues of \"\"Superman Annual\"\" were published starting in Winter 1960. An additional four issues were published from 1983 to 1986 and the numbering continued from the 1960 series. \"\"Superman Annual\"\" #11 (1985) featured the story \"\"For the Man Who Has Everything\"\" by Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons. When the original \"\"Superman\"\" series was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7670662", "chunk_text": "\"The Death of Superman\"\nThe Death of Superman \"\"The Death of Superman\"\" is a crossover story event featured in DC Comics' Superman-related publications. The crossover, which originated from editor Mike Carlin and writers Dan Jurgens, Roger Stern, Louise Simonson, Jerry Ordway, and Karl Kesel, began in December 1992 and lasted until October 1993. It was published in \"\"Superman\"\", \"\"Action Comics\"\", \"\"The Adventures of Superman\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"Justice League America\"\", and \"\"Green Lantern\"\". Since its initial publication, \"\"The Death of Superman\"\" has been reprinted in various formats and editions. The idea for \"\"The Death of Superman\"\" was conceived after a planned story, in which Clark Kent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19566805", "chunk_text": "\"Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice\"\nWarner Bros. Pictures. Following a strong debut that set new box office records, the film experienced a historic drop in its second weekend and never recovered. Despite turning a profit, it was deemed a box office disappointment and received generally unfavorable reviews from critics for its tone, screenplay, and pacing, though some praised its visual style and acting performances. An extended cut dubbed the \"\"Ultimate Edition\"\", which features 31 minutes of additional footage, was released digitally on June 28, 2016, and on Blu-ray on July 19, 2016. A direct sequel, titled \"\"Justice League\"\", was released in November 2017. Eighteen months", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3446575", "chunk_text": "\"The Death of Superman\"\nMan of Steel\"\" #17 (November 1992); after the issue's story, a teaser panel shows Doomsday's fist repeatedly punching a wall. The crossover began the following issue, in which Doomsday is unleashed and begins to carve a brutal path of destruction across America. This leads to Superman's death in \"\"Superman\"\" #75, which DC published on November 18, 1992. There were a number of variants of issue #75: a standard newsstand edition; a direct market edition; and a collector's edition sold in a polybag with a black armband, poster, stickers, and a trading card, which cost more than the standard edition. Following", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1782688", "chunk_text": "\"The Death of Superman\"\nthe \"\"Funeral for a Friend\"\" issues; and \"\"The Return of Superman\"\" (), which compiles the \"\"Reign of the Supermen!\"\" issues. \"\"The Death of Superman\"\" was released in time for the 1992 holiday shopping season and, according to comics historian Matthew K. Manning, is the bestselling trade paperback of all time. Reprints of the three collections were published in 2003, 1998, and 2004, respectively, while a recolored edition of \"\"The Death of Superman\"\" was released in 2013. In September 2007, DC released an omnibus edition of the story, \"\"The Death and Return of Superman Omnibus\"\" (). It features all the issues", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3172469", "chunk_text": "\"James Wan\"\nthat Wan would direct the superhero film \"\"Aquaman\"\". The film was released in early December 2018 in China, and will be released in the US on 21 December 2018, and is part of the DC Extended Universe. In June 2014, 20th Century Fox acquired the rights to Wan's graphic novel \"\"Malignant Man\"\". According to reports, Wan was to develop the concept with a view to directing and producing the film. As of the time of the announcement, comic book label BOOM! Studios is slated for a production role alongside co-producers Stephen Christy, Ross Richie and Adam Yoelin. In June 2016,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3609708", "chunk_text": "\"Superman: Doomsday\"\nDeath of Superman\"\" comics. James Deaux of Earth-2.net gave the movie a score of 5.5 out of 10, claiming the movie was far too overhyped and the result was not a bad, but a mediocre product with \"\"many instances of...lazy writing, confusing animation, a couple of glaring plot holes and some mediocre voice acting.\"\" He also criticized the title of the movie given that Doomsday has such a minimal role in the film. The Top 100 DVD sales chart for September 18 - 23, 2017 revealed that the film was placed at #4, and was two spots ahead of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19566804", "chunk_text": "\"Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice\"\nTrilogy\"\", serving as a cinematic reboot of the character. The film is also inspired by narrative elements from the \"\"Death of Superman\"\". Pre-production began at East Los Angeles College in October 2013, with principal photography starting in May 2014 in Detroit. Additional filming also took place in Illinois and New Mexico, concluding that December. \"\"Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice\"\" premiered at the Auditorio Nacional in Mexico City on March 19, 2016, and was released in the United States on March 25, 2016 in 2D, Real D 3D, IMAX 3D, IMAX, 4DX, premium large formats, and 70 mm prints by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6742859", "chunk_text": "Watchmen\nimpending nuclear war between the United States and Russia. The series was revealed on May 14, 2017, with a teaser image displaying the Superman logo in the 12 o'clock slot of the clock depicted in \"\"Watchmen\"\" and the series title in the bold typeface used for \"\"Watchmen\"\". The first of a planned twelve issues was released on November 22, 2017. The story will include many DC characters but has a particular focus on Superman and Doctor Manhattan, despite Superman stated as being a fictional character in the original series—the series uses the plot element of the multiverse. Johns felt like", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18915442", "chunk_text": "\"Death on the Nile\"\npublished in France by in 2003 under the title of \"\"Mort sur le Nil\"\". In November 2017, it was announced that 20th Century Fox is developing \"\"Death on the Nile\"\" as a sequel to their version of \"\"Murder on the Orient Express.\"\" Michael Green was announced as penning the script and Kenneth Branagh was expected to return as Poirot and as director. It was originally scheduled for release on 20 December 2019, up against \"\"\"\", but on 16 October 2018, Fox delayed the film release date to 2 October 2020. On 28 September 2018, it was announced that Gal Gadot", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5396924", "chunk_text": "\"Golden Slumber\"\ncandidate is assassinated as part of a conspiracy, and a deliveryman has to flee for his life when he is framed and the evidence against him begins to accumulate. On January 17, 2018 a press conference was held at Apgujeong CGV. The main cast together with the director were present at the event. The main poster for the movie was revealed on January 19, 2018. It was followed by the main trailer being unveiled on February 1, 2018. \"\"Golden Slumber\"\" was released on February 14, 2018 in South Korea. The film was released internationally in the U.S, Taiwan, Hong Kong,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4040529", "chunk_text": "\"The Death of Superman\"\nexample, the Justice League is not present and most aspects of \"\"Reign of the Supermen!\"\" were removed. The film was a commercial success and started the DC Universe Animated Original Movies line of direct-to-video releases. The DC Extended Universe series of films contains references to \"\"The Death of Superman\"\", beginning with the appearance of Superman's black suit in \"\"Man of Steel\"\" (2013). The climax of \"\"\"\" (2016) draws narrative elements from \"\"Doomsday!\"\". In the film, Lex Luthor uses forbidden Kryptonian genetic engineering projects to combine General Zod's corpse with his own DNA, creating Doomsday. During their fight, Superman and Doomsday", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16401430", "chunk_text": "\"Publication history of Superman\"\npowers and doubts about the two's compatibility. A third Superman book, \"\"Superman Unchained\"\", was released in June 2013 to coincide with the release of the new Superman movie, \"\"Man of Steel\"\". It is written by Scott Snyder and drawn by Jim Lee. The book concluded publication in November 2014. In February 2015, due to Clark exposing to the world his secret identity, Superman will receive a new power and a new outfit, starting in \"\"Superman\"\" #38, by Geoff Johns and John Romita, Jr. This version of Superman is eventually killed in \"\"Superman\"\" #52. In the miniseries \"\"Convergence\"\", which featured the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11004498", "chunk_text": "\"DC Extended Universe\"\nTemuera Morrison as Aquaman's father Tom Curry, and Ludi Lin as Murk, an ally of Aquaman. Principal photography began on May 2, 2017, in Queensland, Australia, and wrapped on October 21, 2017. \"\"Aquaman\"\" is scheduled to be released in North America on December 21, 2018. In order to expand and build the universe the films are set in, some additional material has been released, such as additional scenes or bonus material included in the home releases of the films. The purpose of said material is also to set up and tease the overarching narrative that future installments of the franchise", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1782710", "chunk_text": "\"The Death of Superman\"\nMovies line. Compared to \"\"Superman: Doomsday\"\", the new adaptation is more faithful to the comic story. DC's Tim Beedle considered the films \"\"much less condensed\"\" and said they \"\"include many of the fan-favorite moments from the story that were left out of \"\"Doomsday\"\".\"\" The Death of Superman \"\"The Death of Superman\"\" is a crossover story event featured in DC Comics' Superman-related publications. The crossover, which originated from editor Mike Carlin and writers Dan Jurgens, Roger Stern, Louise Simonson, Jerry Ordway, and Karl Kesel, began in December 1992 and lasted until October 1993. It was published in \"\"Superman\"\", \"\"Action Comics\"\", \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1442528", "chunk_text": "\"DC Universe Animated Original Movies\"\nand Gideon Emery as Copperhead. In mid 2018, the first part of an adaptation of \"\"The Death of Superman\"\" storyline was released. The second part, titled \"\"Reign of the Supermen\"\" will be released in early 2019. The storyline was previously adapted in \"\"\"\". Jerry O'Connell, Rosario Dawson, Nathan Fillion, Christopher Gorham, Matt Lanter, Shemar Moore, Jason O'Mara and Rocky Carroll will be reprising their roles as Superman, Wonder Woman, Green Lantern, The Flash, Aquaman, Cyborg, Batman and Silas Stone, Rebecca Romijn will voice Lois Lane, Rainn Wilson as Lex Luthor, Cress Williams as John Henry Irons, and Patrick Fabian as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16644713", "chunk_text": "\"DC Comics Absolute Edition\"\nYour Life\"\" #1-3, \"\"Death Talks about Life\"\" AIDS pamphlet, Death stories from \"\"Vertigo: Winter's Edge\"\" #2 and \"\"Sandman: Endless Nights\"\", \"\"The Wheel\"\" from the 9-11 tribute book, \"\"Sandman\"\" #8 and #20 and extras from the \"\"Death Gallery\"\". Released on November 10, 2009. . Collects \"\"Final Crisis\"\" 1-7, \"\"Final Crisis: Submit\"\" #1, \"\"Final Crisis Superman Beyond\"\" 1-2 as well as additional JG Jones design pages with commentary by Grant Morrison. . Released on November 6, 2012. Collects \"\"Flashpoint\"\" #1-5. Includes scripts, design sketches and more. Release date: January 15, 2019. . Reprints \"\"Green Arrow\"\" Vol 3 #1-15 by Kevin Smith and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9463862", "chunk_text": "\"Warner Animation Group\"\nscheduled for release on February 9, 2018 but was later moved to September 14, 2018 and then September 28, 2018. On February 7, 2014, the same day \"\"The Lego Movie\"\" was released, it was reported that Jared Stern and Michelle Morgan were hired to write \"\"\"\". The sequel was announced to be released on May 26, 2017, but later that year it was reported that a spin-off film featuring Batman from \"\"The Lego Movie\"\" might take the sequel's release date thus pushing the sequel to May 18, 2018. Phil Lord and Christopher Miller returned to script and co-direct the sequel.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3612453", "chunk_text": "\"Superman (comic book)\"\nThe title was canceled with issue #714 in 2011, and was relaunched with issue #1 the following month which ended its run in 2016. A fourth series was released with issue #1 in June 2016 and ended in April 2018. A fifth series with new issue #1 was launched in July 2018. Due to the Superman character's popularity after his premiere in \"\"Action Comics\"\" #1, National Allied Publications decided to launch an entirely new magazine featuring a single character, which at that time was unprecedented. \"\"Superman\"\" #1 appeared on the shelves in the summer of 1939. Superman now also had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "339674", "chunk_text": "\"The Man Who Killed Don Quixote\"\nwas confirmed in 2016 and helped secure funding as Grisoni, and Jonathan Pryce as Quixote. On 4 June Gilliam announced that the shooting of the film was complete, 17 years after it originally started. The film premiered on 19 May 2018, simultaneously acting as the closing film at the 2018 Cannes Film Festival and being released in French theaters. Gilliam has struggled to release \"\"The Man Who Killed Don Quixote\"\" worldwide since then, partially due to a lengthy legal dispute with former producer Paulo Branco, and the film was only released in a few other countries. On 17 December 2018,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2907148", "chunk_text": "Arrowverse\nactions of people. A sequel, \"\"The Flash: Johnny Quick\"\" was released on April 3, 2018, as well as a third novel known as \"\"The Flash: The Tornado Twins\"\" slated for a release on October 2, 2018. The second of these trilogies began in November, 2017 with \"\"Supergirl: Age of Atlantis\"\". The novel features Supergirl dealing with a surge of new powered people in National City, as well as a mysterious humanoid sea creature captured by the DEO who is seemingly attracted by the new superpowered people. A sequel, \"\"Supergirl: Curse of the Ancients\"\", was released on May 1, 2018, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1782690", "chunk_text": "\"The Death of Superman\"\nSuperman\"\" (). DC published another collection, \"\"Superman: Doomsday\"\", around the same time; it compiles comics that feature Doomsday's return (). \"\"The Death of Superman\"\" is divided into a trilogy of story arcs; the first is known as \"\"Doomsday!\"\", which leads to Superman's death at the hands of Doomsday. The second story arc, \"\"Funeral for a Friend\"\", which focuses on the immediate aftermath of Superman's death, began with \"\"The Adventures of Superman\"\" #498 (January 1993). The final story arc, \"\"Reign of the Supermen!\"\", began with a prologue in \"\"The Adventures of Superman\"\" #500 and introduced the Supermen. The title of this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2262542", "chunk_text": "\"Dylan O'Brien\"\nof \"\"American Assassin\"\", an action-thriller in which O'Brien played the titular character Mitch Rapp. After sufficient time for his recovery following his on-set accident and rescheduling of filming, 20th Century Fox settled on a March 2017 start date for principal photography for \"\"The Death Cure\"\". The film premiered on January 26, 2018. All three films opened at number-one at the North American box-office during their opening weekend, and, in worldwide terms, constitute the fourth highest-grossing film series based on young-adult books, after the film series of \"\"Harry Potter\"\", \"\"The Twilight Saga\"\", and \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" respectively, earning over $945 million", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "838060", "chunk_text": "\"Wonder Woman (2017 film)\"\n15, 2017, and was released in the United States on June 2, 2017, in 2D, Real D 3D, and IMAX 3D by Warner Bros. Pictures. The film received largely positive reviews, with praise for its acting (particularly by Gadot and Pine), direction, visuals, action sequences, and musical score, although the portrayal of its villains received some criticism. The film set numerous box office records; it is the 8th-highest-grossing superhero film domestically and 24th-highest-grossing film in the United States. It grossed over $821 million worldwide, making it the tenth highest-grossing film of 2017. It also helped the DCEU to push past", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18122359", "chunk_text": "\"Action Comics\"\nbecame the new creative team on the series with issue #25 (Jan. 2014). This series concluded with issue #52 (July 2016), which was part of the \"\"Final Days of Superman\"\" storyline which depicted the death of the \"\"New 52\"\" version of Superman. As part of DC Comics' DC Rebirth relaunch in June 2016, \"\"Action Comics\"\" reverted to its original numbering beginning with \"\"Action Comics\"\" #957, with the series shipping twice-monthly. The series, written by Dan Jurgens, serves as a continuation of the comic book series, \"\"Superman: Lois and Clark\"\", which featured the pre-\"\"Flashpoint\"\" Superman alongside his wife, Lois Lane, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2907146", "chunk_text": "Arrowverse\nClay Griffith, which was released by Titan on March 28, 2017, which detailed Team Flash and Team Arrow working together to eliminate the bizarre energy that threatens to kill the Flash. When their quest leads them to Markovia, they must get past an army of mercenaries and assassins to face the mysterious Count Wallenstein. A fourth novel entitled \"\"Arrow: Fatal Legacies\"\" was released in January 2018. It is co-authored by \"\"Arrow\"\" executive producer Marc Guggenheim and James R. Tuck, and is set between the fifth-season finale and sixth-season premiere of \"\"Arrow\"\". A fifth novel, following \"\"The Flash\"\" villain Weather Wizard", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_307	who started the state of the union address?	n/a	[ "Woodrow Wilson" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10649616", "chunk_text": "\"State of the Union\"\nthen television, the speech has been broadcast live on most networks, preempting scheduled programming. To reach the largest audience, the speech, once given during the day, is now typically given in the evening, after 9pm ET (UTC-5). George Washington delivered the first regular annual message before a joint session of Congress on January 8, 1790, in New York City, then the provisional U.S. capital. In 1801, Thomas Jefferson discontinued the practice of delivering the address in person, regarding it as too monarchical (similar to the Speech from the Throne). Instead, the address was written and then sent to Congress to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10649612", "chunk_text": "\"State of the Union\"\nand recommend to their Consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient.\"\" During most of the country's first century, the President primarily only submitted a written report to Congress. After 1913, Woodrow Wilson, the 28th U.S. President, began the regular practice of delivering the address to Congress in person as a way to rally support for the President's agenda. With the advent of radio and television, the address is now broadcast live across the country on many networks. The practice arises from a duty given to the president in the Constitution of the United States: Although the language", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16067786", "chunk_text": "\"State of the Union\"\ntheir coverage of a State of the Union address. Delivered by Lyndon B. Johnson, this address was followed by extensive televised commentary by, among others, Daniel Patrick Moynihan and Milton Friedman. Ronald Reagan's 1986 State of the Union Address is the only one to have been postponed. He had planned to deliver it on January 28, 1986 but postponed it for a week after learning of the Space Shuttle \"\"Challenger\"\" disaster and instead addressed the nation on the day's events. Bill Clinton's 1997 address was the first broadcast available live on the World Wide Web. A formal invitation is made", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10649617", "chunk_text": "\"State of the Union\"\nbe read by a clerk until 1913 when Woodrow Wilson re-established the practice despite some initial controversy. However, there have been exceptions to this rule. Presidents during the latter half of the 20th century have sent written State of the Union addresses. The last President to do this was Jimmy Carter in 1981, after his defeat by Ronald Reagan and days before his term ended. For many years, the speech was referred to as \"\"the President's Annual Message to Congress\"\". The actual term \"\"State of the Union\"\" first emerged in 1934 when Franklin D. Roosevelt used the phrase, becoming its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4531634", "chunk_text": "\"1797 State of the Union Address\"\n1797 State of the Union Address John Adams' First State of the Union Address was delivered on Wednesday, November 22, 1797, in the Congress Hall of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. At the time of the address, sickness was spreading through Philadelphia and Adams notes in his introduction that he was tempted to relocate the assembly of the national legislature but avoided this due to inevitable expense and general inconvenience. Adams began his State of the Union Address by expressing concern over European, most notably French, aggression towards American merchant vessels. He emphasizes the importance of America's growing role in international commerce, citing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3878569", "chunk_text": "\"Joint session of the United States Congress\"\nof his own State of the Union address, while the Speech from the Throne is customarily written by the Prime Minister. The Constitution of the United States requires that the president \"\"shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union,\"\" but does not specify whether the information should be given in a speech or a written report. The first two presidents, George Washington and John Adams, delivered the speech in person before both houses of Congress, but that practice was discontinued by Thomas Jefferson, who considered it too monarchical and sent written reports", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "134866", "chunk_text": "\"1913 State of the Union Address\"\n1913 State of the Union Address The 1913 State of the Union Address was given by Woodrow Wilson, the 28th President of the United States, on Tuesday, December 2, 1913. It was given directly to the 63rd United States Congress by the president. Wilson was the first to do so since John Adams in 1800. With a few exceptions all addresses since then have been given directly following Wilson's lead. It was his first. He stated, \"\"The country, I am thankful to say, is at peace with all the world, and many happy manifestations multiply about us of a growing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8282975", "chunk_text": "\"1791 State of the Union Address\"\n1791 State of the Union Address The state of union is an address, in the United States, given by the president to a joint session of Congress, the United States House of Representatives and United States Senate. The United States constitution requires the president “from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union.” Today the state of the union address is given as a speech, though this is not a requirement of the constitution. George Washington chose to address the congress in a speech annually, on October 25, 1791 he gave his third speech.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15496308", "chunk_text": "\"1824 State of the Union Address\"\n1824 State of the Union Address The 1824 State of the Union Address was written by James Monroe, the fifth President of the United States. Delivered to the 18th United States Congress on Tuesday, December 7, 1824. James Monroe presided over the Era of Good Feelings. He began with, \"\"The view which I have now to present to you of our affairs, foreign and domestic, realizes the most sanguine anticipations which have been entertained of the public prosperity. If we look to the whole, our growth as a nation continues to be rapid beyond example;\"\" He ended with, \"\"From the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10649619", "chunk_text": "\"State of the Union\"\nnone has done so since Jimmy Carter sent a written message in 1981. In 1953 and 1961, Congress received both a written State of the Union message from the outgoing president and a separate State of the Union speech by the incoming president. Since 1989, in recognition that the responsibility of reporting the State of the Union formally belongs to the president who held office during the past year, newly inaugurated Presidents have not officially called their first speech before Congress a \"\"State of the Union\"\" message. In 1936, President Roosevelt set a precedent when he delivered the address at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15489754", "chunk_text": "\"1837 State of the Union Address\"\n1837 State of the Union Address The 1837 State of the Union Address was given by the eighth president of the United States, Martin Van Buren, on December 5, 1837. It was presented to the 25th United States Congress by a clerk, because it was not yet the custom for the President to deliver it himself. He began with, \"\"We have reason to renew the expression of our devout gratitude to the Giver of All Good for His benign protection. Our country presents on every side the evidences of that continued favor under whose auspices it, has gradually risen from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "89722", "chunk_text": "\"1793 State of the Union Address\"\n1793 State of the Union Address The 1793 State of the Union Address was given by George Washington, the first President of the United States. It was given in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at Congress Hall. Washington stood before the 3rd United States Congress on Tuesday, December 3, 1793, and said, \"\"While on the one hand it awakened my gratitude for all those instances of affectionate partiality with which I have been honored by my country, on the other it could not prevent an earnest wish for that retirement from which no private consideration should ever have torn me.\"\" He ended with,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14153896", "chunk_text": "\"Response to the State of the Union address\"\nResponse to the State of the Union address The response to the State of the Union address is a rebuttal speech, often brief, delivered by a representative (or representatives) of the opposition party following a presidential State of the Union address. When the president is a Democrat, the rebuttal is given by a Republican, and vice versa. The practice began in 1966 when Republican U.S. Senator Everett Dirksen (Illinois) and U.S. Representative Gerald Ford (Michigan) appeared on TV to offer a response to the address by Democratic President Lyndon Johnson. The opposition party's response has varied in format, ranging from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15489676", "chunk_text": "\"1796 State of the Union Address\"\n1796 State of the Union Address The 1796 State of the Union Address was given by George Washington, the first President of the United States, on Wednesday, December 7, 1796. It was given in Congress Hall, Philadelphia. He gave it directly to Congress. He began with, \"\"In recurring to the internal situation of our country since I had last the pleasure to address you, I find ample reason for a renewed expression of that gratitude to the Ruler of the Universe which a continued series of prosperity has so often and so justly called forth.\"\" He ended with, \"\"God's providential", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "89723", "chunk_text": "\"1793 State of the Union Address\"\n\"\"Permit me to bring to your remembrance the magnitude of your task. Without an unprejudiced coolness the welfare of the Government may be hazarded; without harmony as far as consists with freedom of sentiment its dignity may be lost.\"\" During the address, Washington spoke of Peace through strength. 1793 State of the Union Address The 1793 State of the Union Address was given by George Washington, the first President of the United States. It was given in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at Congress Hall. Washington stood before the 3rd United States Congress on Tuesday, December 3, 1793, and said, \"\"While on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16067770", "chunk_text": "\"State of the Union\"\nof this \"\"State of the Union Clause\"\" of the Constitution is not specific, since the 1930s, the President makes this report annually in late January or early February. Between 1934 and 2013 the date has been as early as January 3, and as late as February 12. While not required to deliver a speech, every president since Woodrow Wilson, with the notable exception of Herbert Hoover, has made at least one State of the Union report as a speech delivered before a joint session of Congress. Before that time, most presidents delivered the State of the Union as a written", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15496310", "chunk_text": "\"1824 State of the Union Address\"\ndominion extends, we have every motive to cling together which can animate a virtuous and enlightened people.\"\" James Monroe, a founder of his country, predicts that his country will become a world power, and must animate with virtue and enlightenment. 1824 State of the Union Address The 1824 State of the Union Address was written by James Monroe, the fifth President of the United States. Delivered to the 18th United States Congress on Tuesday, December 7, 1824. James Monroe presided over the Era of Good Feelings. He began with, \"\"The view which I have now to present to you of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16067785", "chunk_text": "\"State of the Union\"\nnight. Only once before—when Woodrow Wilson asked Congress to order the U.S. into World War I—had a sitting president addressed Congress at night. Warren Harding's 1922 speech was the first to be broadcast on radio, albeit to a limited audience, while Calvin Coolidge's 1923 speech was the first to be broadcast across the nation. Harry S. Truman's 1947 address was the first to be broadcast on television. Lyndon B. Johnson's address in 1965 was the first delivered in the evening. Three years later, in 1968, television networks in the United States, for the first time, imposed no time limit for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8327187", "chunk_text": "\"1837 State of the Union Address\"\na few feeble and dependent colonies to a prosperous and powerful confederacy.\"\" 1837 State of the Union Address The 1837 State of the Union Address was given by the eighth president of the United States, Martin Van Buren, on December 5, 1837. It was presented to the 25th United States Congress by a clerk, because it was not yet the custom for the President to deliver it himself. He began with, \"\"We have reason to renew the expression of our devout gratitude to the Giver of All Good for His benign protection. Our country presents on every side the evidences", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8327174", "chunk_text": "\"1836 State of the Union Address\"\n1836 State of the Union Address The 1836 State of the Union Address was given by Andrew Jackson, the seventh president of the United States, on December 5, 1836. He did not personally deliver the address to the 24th United States Congress, but a clerk did. He concluded it with, \"\"All that has occurred during my Administration is calculated to inspire me with increased confidence in the stability of our institutions; and should I be spared to enter upon that retirement which is so suitable to my age and infirm health and so much desired by me in other respects,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17769047", "chunk_text": "\"2018 State of the Union Address\"\n2018 State of the Union Address The 2018 State of the Union Address was given by the 45th President of the United States, Donald Trump, on Tuesday, January 30, 2018, at 9 p.m. EST in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives. It was addressed to the 115th United States Congress. It was Trump's first State of the Union Address and his second speech to a joint session of the United States Congress. U.S. Representative Joe Kennedy III and Virginia Delegate Elizabeth Guzmán gave the Democratic Party's response in English and Spanish respectively. The Address was watched by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "79493", "chunk_text": "\"1914 State of the Union Address\"\n1914 State of the Union Address The 1914 State of the Union Address was given by the 28th United States President, Woodrow Wilson, on Tuesday, December 8, 1914, to both houses of 63rd United States Congress. He concluded it with, \"\"To develop our life and our resources; to supply our own people, and the people of the world as their need arises, from the abundant plenty of our fields and our marts of trade to enrich the commerce of our own States and of the world with the products of our mines, our farms, and our factories, with the creations", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5459968", "chunk_text": "\"1800 State of the Union Address\"\n1800 State of the Union Address The 1800 State of the Union Address was given by John Adams, the second President of the United States, on Tuesday, November 11, 1800, to a joint session of the 6th United States Congress. It was the first State of the Union Address delivered at the new United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.. Delivered in the Senate chamber, Adams began his speech by congratulating members on their new seat of government and—pointedly—\"\"on the prospect of a residence not to be changed.\"\" He added, optimistically, \"\"Although there is some cause to apprehend that accommodations are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15489677", "chunk_text": "\"1796 State of the Union Address\"\ncare may still be extended to the United States, that the virtue and happiness of the people may be preserved, and that the Government which they have instituted for the protection of their liberties may be perpetual.\"\" 1796 State of the Union Address The 1796 State of the Union Address was given by George Washington, the first President of the United States, on Wednesday, December 7, 1796. It was given in Congress Hall, Philadelphia. He gave it directly to Congress. He began with, \"\"In recurring to the internal situation of our country since I had last the pleasure to address", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8326146", "chunk_text": "\"1897 State of the Union Address\"\n1897 State of the Union Address The 1897 State of the Union Address was written on Monday, December 6, 1897, by President William McKinley, the 25th President of the United States. It was his first State of the Union Address, and was read to both houses of the 55th United States Congress. He began with, \"\"A matter of genuine satisfaction is the growing feeling of fraternal regard and unification of all sections of our country, the incompleteness of which has too long delayed realization of the highest blessings of the Union. The spirit of patriotism is universal and is ever", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3878575", "chunk_text": "\"Joint session of the United States Congress\"\nname and respective office. In addition to a State of the Union address, presidents address Congress on specific subjects. The first such speech was delivered by John Adams on the subject of U.S. relations with France. The most popular subjects for such addresses are economic, military and foreign policy issues. In addition to bringing back the tradition of delivering a State of Union address, Woodrow Wilson was the first president since John Adams to address Congress on specific topics. He delivered 17 such speeches, more than any other president. Joint meetings are sometimes called to hear addresses by generals, admirals,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20995130", "chunk_text": "\"2010 State of the Union Address\"\n2010 State of the Union Address The 2010 State of the Union Address was given by United States President Barack Obama on January 27, 2010, to a joint session of Congress. It was aired on all the major networks starting at 9 pm ET. It was Obama's first State of the Union Address, though the president did give a non-State of the Union address to a joint session of Congress a month after taking office in 2009. The speech was delivered in the United States House of Representatives in the United States Capitol. The presiding officers of the Senate and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17769050", "chunk_text": "\"2018 State of the Union Address\"\nadviser Stephen Miller and staff secretary Rob Porter took the lead in writing the speech. The full draft of the speech was completed two weeks before the State of the Union Address, but it was still being edited with reviews and suggestions from Cabinet secretaries and senior White House aides. National Security Advisor H. R. McMaster, Secretary of State Rex Tillerson, and Secretary of Defense Jim Mattis offered feedback on the national security portion of the speech. A significant portion of the scripted speech was dedicated to the tax package passed in December, which Trump labeled as the largest tax", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17769080", "chunk_text": "\"2018 State of the Union Address\"\nlowest net positive rating since CNN first began asking the question in 1998. 2018 State of the Union Address The 2018 State of the Union Address was given by the 45th President of the United States, Donald Trump, on Tuesday, January 30, 2018, at 9 p.m. EST in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives. It was addressed to the 115th United States Congress. It was Trump's first State of the Union Address and his second speech to a joint session of the United States Congress. U.S. Representative Joe Kennedy III and Virginia Delegate Elizabeth Guzmán gave the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13040008", "chunk_text": "\"Alexander Hamilton\"\nAlexander Hamilton Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757July 12, 1804) was an American statesman and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He was an influential interpreter and promoter of the U.S. Constitution, as well as the founder of the nation's financial system, the Federalist Party, the United States Coast Guard, and the \"\"New York Post\"\" newspaper. As the first Secretary of the Treasury, Hamilton was the main author of the economic policies of George Washington's administration. He took the lead in the Federal government's funding of the states' debts, as well as establishing a national bank,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9798179", "chunk_text": "\"1975 State of the Union Address\"\n1975 State of the Union Address The 1975 State of the Union address was given by President Gerald Ford to a joint session of the 94th United States Congress on January 15, 1975. The speech was the first State of the Union address of President Ford's tenure as president. The president discussed the national debt, taxes, the federal budget and the energy crisis. The speech lasted 41:00 and consisted of 4,126 words. The address was broadcast live on radio and television. The Democratic Party response was delivered by Senator Hubert Humphrey of Minnesota and the Speaker of the House Carl", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "903505", "chunk_text": "\"1859 State of the Union Address\"\nhowever bad and cruel in themselves, derive their chief importance from the apprehension that they are but symptoms of an incurable disease in the public mind, which may break out in still more dangerous outrages and terminate at last in an open war by the North to abolish slavery in the South.\"\" 1859 State of the Union Address The 1859 State of the Union Address was written by James Buchanan, the 15th President of the United States. It was read to both houses of the 36th United States Congress on Monday, December 19, 1859, by a clerk. Predicting the American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8326220", "chunk_text": "\"1893 State of the Union Address\"\neffort for the advancement of the greatness and prosperity of our beloved country. \"\" 1893 State of the Union Address The 1893 State of the Union Address was written on Monday, December 4, 1893, by Grover Cleveland, the 24th United States President, to both houses of the 53rd United States Congress. It was his fifth address, and his fifth year in office. He said, \"\"It is believed that under the recent amendment of the act extending the time for registration the Chinese laborers thereto entitled who desire to reside in this country will now avail themselves of the renewed privilege", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3682900", "chunk_text": "\"1982 State of the Union Address\"\n1982 State of the Union Address The 1982 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 97th United States Congress on Tuesday, January 26, 1982. The speech was the first State of the Union address of President Reagan's first term. The speech lasted 40 minutes and 14 seconds and contained 5154 words. The address was broadcast live on radio and television. The speech was the first to acknowledge a special guest, Lenny Skutnik. Taking the place of Supreme Court Justice Byron White was retired Justice Potter Stewart. The Democratic Party response", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12571422", "chunk_text": "\"1946 State of the Union Address\"\n1946 State of the Union Address The 1946 State of the Union Address was given by the 33rd President of the United States, Harry S. Truman, on Monday, January 21, 1946, to the 79th United States Congress. He stated, \"\"At Moscow the United States, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and Great Britain agreed to further this development by supporting the efforts of the national government and nongovernmental Chinese political elements in bringing about cessation of civil strife and in broadening the basis of representation in the Government. That is the policy which General Marshall is so ably executing today.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "79494", "chunk_text": "\"1914 State of the Union Address\"\nof our thought and the fruits of our character,-this is what will hold our attention and our enthusiasm steadily, now and in the years to come, as we strive to show in our life as a nation what liberty and the inspirations of an emancipated spirit may do for men and for societies, for individuals, for states, and for mankind.\"\" 1914 State of the Union Address The 1914 State of the Union Address was given by the 28th United States President, Woodrow Wilson, on Tuesday, December 8, 1914, to both houses of 63rd United States Congress. He concluded it with,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4706652", "chunk_text": "\"1973 State of the Union Address\"\n1973 State of the Union Address The 1973 State of the Union Address was given to the 93rd United States Congress on Tuesday, February 2, 1973, by Richard Nixon, the 37th United States President. He said, \"\"America continues to provide a better and more abundant life for more of its people than any other nation in the world. We have passed through one of the most difficult periods in our history without surrendering to despair and without dishonoring our ideals as a people. Looking back, there is a lesson in all this for all of us. The lesson is one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8202085", "chunk_text": "\"2016 State of the Union Address\"\n2016 State of the Union Address The 2016 State of the Union Address was given by the 44th United States President Barack Obama on Tuesday, January 12, 2016, in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives. It was addressed to the 114th United States Congress. It was the first State of the Union address with Paul Ryan as Speaker of the House of Representatives. It was the last State of the Union Address of Obama's presidency; no U.S. president since Gerald Ford has given a final State of the Union address at the end of his term. Obama's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "89389", "chunk_text": "\"1917 State of the Union Address\"\n1917 State of the Union Address The 1917 State of the Union Address was given by Woodrow Wilson, the 28th President of the United States on Tuesday, December 4, 1917, during his turbulent second term. He spoke in the United States House of Representatives chamber, in the United States Capitol. He said, \"\"I shall not go back to debate the causes of the war. The intolerable wrongs done and planned against us by the sinister masters of Germany have long since become too grossly obvious and odious to every true American to need to be rehearsed.\"\" He addressed the 65th", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "88597", "chunk_text": "\"1825 State of the Union Address\"\n1825 State of the Union Address The 1825 State of the Union Address was given by John Quincy Adams, the sixth president of the United States. It was given to the 19th United States Congress, on Tuesday, December 6, 1825. He said, \"\"In taking a general survey of the concerns of our beloved country, with reference to subjects interesting to the common welfare, the first sentiment which impresses itself upon the mind is of gratitude to the Omnipotent Disposer of All Good for the continuance of the signal blessings of His providence, and especially for that health which to an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "871447", "chunk_text": "\"1877 State of the Union Address\"\n1877 State of the Union Address The 1877 State of the Union Address was written by the 19th President, Rutherford B. Hayes. It was given on Monday, December 3, to both houses of the 45th United States Congress. In it, he said, \"\"There has been a general reestablishment of order and of the orderly administration of justice. Instances of remaining lawlessness have become of rare occurrence; political turmoil and turbulence have disappeared; useful industries have been resumed; public credit in the Southern States has been greatly strengthened, and the encouraging benefits of a revival of commerce between the sections of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15497963", "chunk_text": "\"1918 State of the Union Address\"\n1918 State of the Union Address The 1918 State of the Union Address was given by the 28th President of the United States, Woodrow Wilson, on Monday, December 2, 1918, to the houses of the 65th United States Congress. He gave these war statistics, \"\"A year ago we had sent 145,918 men overseas. Since then we have sent 1,950,513, an average of 162,542 each month, the number in fact rising, in May last, to 245,951, in June to 278,760, in July to 307,182, and continuing to reach similar figures in August and September, in August 289,570 and in September 257,438.\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5460218", "chunk_text": "\"1864 State of the Union Address\"\n1864 State of the Union Address The 1864 State of the Union Address was given by Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States. It was presented to the United States Congress on Tuesday, December 6, 1864. It was given right before the end of the American Civil War. He said: \"\"The war continues. Since the last annual message all the important lines and positions then occupied by our forces have been maintained and our arms have steadily advanced, thus liberating the regions left in rear, so that Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, and parts of other States have again produced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8307915", "chunk_text": "\"1940 State of the Union Address\"\n1940 State of the Union Address The 1940 State of the Union Address was given by the 32nd President of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt, on Wednesday, January 3, 1940, to both houses of 76th United States Congress. It was given right before the United States entered World War II. He said, \"\"You are well aware that dictatorships--and the philosophy of force that justifies and accompanies dictatorships--have originated in almost every case in the necessity for drastic action to improve internal conditions in places where democratic action for one reason or another has failed to respond to modern needs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9071173", "chunk_text": "\"2016 State of the Union Address\"\npresidency ended on January 20, 2017. In an effort to expand on the presidential administration's use of the Internet to reach American citizens, the 2016 State of the Union Address broadcasts live on the White House website, as well as on the White House YouTube channel. Senate President pro tempore Orrin Hatch and Secretary of Homeland Security Jeh Johnson were the designated survivors for the 2016 address. The Address was watched by 31.3 million viewers. The President opened the speech by welcoming the Speaker, Vice President, Members of Congress, and fellow Americans. He noted that this was his eighth speech,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8326218", "chunk_text": "\"1893 State of the Union Address\"\n1893 State of the Union Address The 1893 State of the Union Address was written on Monday, December 4, 1893, by Grover Cleveland, the 24th United States President, to both houses of the 53rd United States Congress. It was his fifth address, and his fifth year in office. He said, \"\"It is believed that under the recent amendment of the act extending the time for registration the Chinese laborers thereto entitled who desire to reside in this country will now avail themselves of the renewed privilege thus afforded of establishing by lawful procedure their right to remain, and that thereby", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14728092", "chunk_text": "\"1860 State of the Union Address\"\nthe Southern States has at length produced its natural effects. The different sections of the Union are now arrayed against each other, and the time has arrived, so much dreaded by the Father of his Country, when hostile geographical parties have been formed.\"\" 1860 State of the Union Address The 1860 State of the Union Address was written by James Buchanan, the 15th President of the United States. It was read on Monday, December 3, 1860, to both houses of the 36th United States Congress, by a clerk. He stated, \"\"Why is it, then, that discontent now so extensively prevails,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8326147", "chunk_text": "\"1897 State of the Union Address\"\nincreasing in fervor.\"\" It took time for the Southern states to feel united with the Northern states, and for the Western states to feel united with the eastern states. 1897 State of the Union Address The 1897 State of the Union Address was written on Monday, December 6, 1897, by President William McKinley, the 25th President of the United States. It was his first State of the Union Address, and was read to both houses of the 55th United States Congress. He began with, \"\"A matter of genuine satisfaction is the growing feeling of fraternal regard and unification of all", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5460136", "chunk_text": "\"1802 State of the Union Address\"\n1802 State of the Union Address The 1802 State of the Union Address was written by Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States, on Wednesday, December 15, 1802. He said, \"\"When we assemble together, fellow citizens, to consider the state of our beloved country, our just attentions are first drawn to those pleasing circumstances which mark the goodness of that Being from whose favor they flow and the large measure of thankfulness we owe for His bounty. Another year has come around, and finds us still blessed with peace and friendship abroad; law, order, and religion at home;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13190348", "chunk_text": "\"2005 State of the Union Address\"\n2005 State of the Union Address The 2005 State of the Union Address was delivered by United States President George W. Bush on Wednesday, February 2, 2005, in Washington, D.C. to a joint session of the U.S. Congress (the House of Representatives and the Senate). President Bush began his State of the Union address by saying that the United States Government has a \"\"great privilege\"\" of being \"\"placed in office by the votes of the people we serve. And tonight that is a privilege we share with newly-elected leaders of Afghanistan, the Palestinian Territories, Ukraine, and a free and sovereign", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_308	when was a series of unfortunate events published?	n/a	[ "September 1999" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17528311", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\nA Series of Unfortunate Events A Series of Unfortunate Events is a series of thirteen novels by Lemony Snicket, the pen name of American author Daniel Handler. Although they are classified \"\"children's novels\"\", the books often have a dark, mysterious feeling to them. The books follow the turbulent lives of Violet, Klaus, and Sunny Baudelaire. After their parents' death in a fire, the children are placed in the custody of a murderous relative, Count Olaf, who attempts to steal their inheritance and, later, orchestrates numerous disasters with the help of his accomplices as the children attempt to flee. As the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18695903", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\n\"\"The Bad Beginning\"\", in September 1999, the books have gained significant popularity, critical acclaim, and commercial success worldwide, spawning a film, a video game, assorted merchandise and a television series on Netflix. The main thirteen books in the series have collectively sold more than 60 million copies and have been translated into 41 languages. Several companion books set in the same universe of the series have also been released, including \"\"\"\", \"\"The Beatrice Letters\"\" and the noir prequel tetralogy \"\"All the Wrong Questions\"\", which chronicles Snicket's youth. The books seem to be set in an alternate, \"\"timeless\"\" world with stylistic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18695951", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\n76 Pick\"\", and \"\"The Grim Grotto\"\" is an Amazon.com Customers' Favorite. A Series of Unfortunate Events A Series of Unfortunate Events is a series of thirteen novels by Lemony Snicket, the pen name of American author Daniel Handler. Although they are classified \"\"children's novels\"\", the books often have a dark, mysterious feeling to them. The books follow the turbulent lives of Violet, Klaus, and Sunny Baudelaire. After their parents' death in a fire, the children are placed in the custody of a murderous relative, Count Olaf, who attempts to steal their inheritance and, later, orchestrates numerous disasters with the help", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17528323", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\nfor children. Handler thought it was a terrible idea at first, but met with the publishers to discuss the book. They challenged him to write the book he wished he could have read when he was 10. He retooled a manuscript he had for a mock-Gothic book for adults, which became \"\"the story of children growing through all these terrible things\"\", a concept which the publishers liked, to Handler's surprise. The first book in the series was \"\"The Bad Beginning\"\", released September 30, 1999. When asked in a \"\"Moment Magazine\"\" interview about the Baudelaire children and Handler's own Jewish heritage", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18695939", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\nto \"\"Beatrice,\"\" with whom he was obsessed, and who was also dead, like Snicket's Beatrice. The series includes thirteen novels as follows: There are books that accompany the series, such as \"\"The Beatrice Letters\"\", \"\"\"\", and \"\"The Puzzling Puzzles\"\"; journals \"\"The Blank Book\"\" and \"\"The Notorious Notations\"\"; and short materials such as \"\"The Dismal Dinner\"\" and \"\"13 Shocking Secrets You'll Wish You Never Knew About Lemony Snicket\"\". The books were at one point published at the rate of three or four books per year. The endpapers were \"\"designed in a suitably Victorian style\"\", with cloth binding on the spines matching", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11449103", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)\"\nof the series. The second season was ordered in March 2017 and released on March 30, 2018, consisting of ten episodes and adapting books five through nine. A third season, which was announced in April 2017 and is slated to be released on January 1, 2019, will consist of seven episodes and adapt the remaining four books. When a mysterious fire kills their parents, the Baudelaire children are informed of this terrible news by their executor Arthur Poe and are placed into the care of their distant relative Count Olaf, an actor who is determined to claim the family fortune", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7517956", "chunk_text": "\"The Bad Beginning\"\nThe Bad Beginning The Bad Beginning is the first novel of the children's novel series \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\" by Lemony Snicket. The novel tells the story of three children, Violet, Klaus, and Sunny Baudelaire, who become orphans following a fire and are sent to live with Count Olaf, who attempts to steal their inheritance. The book was published on September 30, 1999, by Scholastic Inc. and illustrated by Brett Helquist. An audiobook was released in 2003, several special editions of the book have been made and the book has been translated into many different languages. Violet Baudelaire is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17528350", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\nThe first book was titled \"\"Who Could That Be at This Hour?\"\", and was released in October 2012. The second, \"\"When Did You See Her Last?\"\", was released in October 2013, and the third, \"\"Shouldn't You Be in School?\"\", was released in September 2014. The final book, \"\"Why Is This Night Different from All Other Nights?\"\" was released on September 29, 2015. Netflix, in association with Paramount Television, announced in November 2014 its plans to adapt the books into an original TV series with 26 total episodes spanning 3 seasons, with 2 episodes dedicated to each book, with the exception", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11449102", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)\"\nA Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series) Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events, or simply A Series of Unfortunate Events, is an American black comedy-drama web television series from Netflix, developed by Mark Hudis and Barry Sonnenfeld, based on Lemony Snicket’s children's novel series of the same name. It stars Neil Patrick Harris, Patrick Warburton, Malina Weissman, Louis Hynes, K. Todd Freeman, and Presley Smith with Lucy Punch, Avi Lake, and Dylan Kingwell joining the cast in the second season. The first season, which premiered on January 13, 2017, consists of eight episodes and adapts the first four books", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7517969", "chunk_text": "\"The Bad Beginning\"\nto \"\"The House of the Eye\"\" (), and the Japanese version 最悪のはじまり translates to \"\"The Worst Beginning\"\" (Soshisha, 2001: ). The Bad Beginning The Bad Beginning is the first novel of the children's novel series \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\" by Lemony Snicket. The novel tells the story of three children, Violet, Klaus, and Sunny Baudelaire, who become orphans following a fire and are sent to live with Count Olaf, who attempts to steal their inheritance. The book was published on September 30, 1999, by Scholastic Inc. and illustrated by Brett Helquist. An audiobook was released in 2003, several special", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17528353", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\nreleased on March 30, 2018, and consisted of ten episodes that adapt books five through nine of the novel series. The television series was also renewed for a third and final season, which will air in early 2019 and will also adapt the four remaining books(The Slippery Slope, The Grim Grotto,The Penultimate Peril, and The End. The last season will have 7 episodes, The End only being one episode instead of the standard two episodes. (It is assumed Handler will remain on as screenwriter of the new seasons. \"\"Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\" is a film adaptation of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11449106", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)\"\npen name Lemony Snicket from 1999 to 2006, achieved success in young adult fiction around the same time as the \"\"Harry Potter\"\" novels. As such, the Snicket books had been optioned to be filmed before they were published. This led to the development of a 2004 feature film, \"\"Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\", which covered the narratives of the first three novels in the series. Barry Sonnenfeld, who has expressed his love for the series, was originally slated to direct the feature film, and had hired Handler to write the screenplay. About 10 months into production, shortly after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17528349", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\nthe colors of the cover. A paperback release of the series, featuring restyled covers, new illustrations and a serial supplement entitled \"\"The Cornucopian Cavalcade\"\" happened with \"\"\"\", \"\"The Reptile Room: or, Murder!\"\", and \"\"The Wide Window: or, Disappearance!\"\", but stopped after the third. Humorous quotes from the series were used in a book published under the Snicket name, \"\"\"\". Lemony Snicket's \"\"All the Wrong Questions\"\" is a four-part young adult series focused on Snicket's childhood working for V.F.D. It is set in the same universe as \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\" and features several of the same characters and locations.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11074675", "chunk_text": "\"The Vile Village\"\nThe Vile Village The Vile Village is the seventh novel in the children's book series \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\" by Lemony Snicket (the pen name of American author Daniel Handler), which consists of 13 children's novels that follow the turbulent lives of Violet, Klaus, and Sunny Baudelaire after their parents' death. The children are placed in the custody of their distant cousin/uncle Count Olaf, who attempts to steal their inheritance. After the Baudelaires are removed from his care by their parents' estate executor, Mr. Poe, Olaf begins to doggedly hunt the children down, bringing about the serial slaughter and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3239768", "chunk_text": "\"The Miserable Mill\"\nThe Miserable Mill The Miserable Mill is the fourth novel of the children's novel series \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\" by Lemony Snicket. In this novel, the Baudelaire orphans live with the owner of Lucky Smells Lumber Mill. The book was published on April 15, 2000, by HarperCollins and illustrated by Brett Helquist. \"\"The Miserable Mill\"\" begins with Violet, Klaus and Sunny Baudelaire traveling on a train heading for Paltryville, the location of the children's new home, the Lucky Smells Lumbermill. Upon arrival, the children learn that they will have to work at the mill, but as part of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15793760", "chunk_text": "\"Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\npremiered on January 13, 2017. The first season consisted of eight episodes, and adapts the first four books of the series. \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\" season two was released on March 30, 2018, which contains 10 episodes, adapting books five through nine of the novel series. The third and final season is set to be released on January 1, 2019 and will adapt the four remaining books in seven episodes. A video game based on the books and film (more so the film, as the name and many plot elements seen in the movie but not the book are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18695935", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\nthe plot of \"\"The Grim Grotto\"\", the eleventh book. The Baudelaire orphans are named after Charles Baudelaire; Violet's name also comes from the T.S. Eliot's poem \"\"The Waste Land\"\", specifically its verses concerning the \"\"violet hour,\"\" and Sunny and Klaus take their first names from Claus and Sunny von Bülow, while Mr. Poe is a reference to Edgar Allan Poe (his sons are named Edgar and Albert). In the seventh installment, \"\"The Vile Village,\"\" Count Olaf's disguise, Detective Dupin, is an allusion to C. Auguste Dupin, a fictional detective created by Edgar Allan Poe. Isadora and Duncan Quagmire are named", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17528354", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\nthe first three titles in the series, mixing the various events and characters into one story. It was released on December 17, 2004. Directed by Brad Silberling, it stars Jim Carrey as Count Olaf, Meryl Streep as Aunt Josephine, Billy Connolly as Uncle Monty, Emily Browning as Violet, Liam Aiken as Klaus, Timothy Spall as Mr. Poe, and Jude Law as the voice of Lemony Snicket. The film was successful, however it was also criticized because the tone was comical, when the books were solemn and serious with occasional wry humor. Considering the success of the movie, the director and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17528352", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\nthe project and they have not yet named a replacement showrunner. However, it was announced that Sonnenfeld and Handler were both still on board, and that Neil Patrick Harris had been cast as Count Olaf and Malina Weissman and Louis Hynes are cast as Violet and Klaus. In March 2016, K. Todd Freeman and Patrick Warburton were cast as Mr. Poe and Lemony Snicket respectively. The first season, consisting of eight episodes that cover the first four books, was released worldwide on Netflix on January 13, 2017. \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\" was renewed for a second season, which was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11449105", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)\"\n\"\"The Hostile Hospital\"\", and \"\"The Carnivorous Carnival\"\". The third season will adapt the final four books of the novel series in seven episodes: \"\"The Slippery Slope\"\", \"\"The Grim Grotto\"\" and \"\"The Penultimate Peril\"\" will be adapted into two episodes each, and \"\"The End\"\" will conclude the series with a longer single episode. Barry Sonnenfeld will direct the episodes for \"\"The Penultimate Peril\"\". Liza Johnson and Jonathan Teplitzky will also direct episodes in the season. The third season is slated to be released on January 1, 2019. The thirteen \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\" novels, written by Daniel Handler under the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18695918", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\nabsurdist fiction, because of its strange characters, improbable storylines, and black comedy. The plots of the first seven books follow the same basic pattern: the Baudelaires go to a new guardian in a new location, where Count Olaf appears and attempts to steal their fortune. The books following pick up where the previous book ended. There are thirteen books in the series and each book has thirteen chapters. The last book in the series, \"\"The End\"\", contains two stories: \"\"The End\"\", which has 13 chapters, and a separate \"\"book\"\" that is titled \"\"Chapter Fourteen\"\". The location of each book's events", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18695915", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\nparents that answers many of their questions but also raises many more. The children leave with another young orphan on a boat from a remote island at the end of the series, their fates left unknown. The author of the series, Daniel Handler (who uses the pseudonym Lemony Snicket), has said in an interview with \"\"The A.V. Club\"\" that he decided to write a children's story when he was trying to find a publisher for his first novel, \"\"The Basic Eight\"\". One of the publishers, HarperCollins, passed on \"\"The Basic Eight\"\", but they were interested in him writing a story", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13316716", "chunk_text": "\"All the Wrong Questions\"\nAll the Wrong Questions All the Wrong Questions is a four-part children's book series and prequel to \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\" by Lemony Snicket (the pen name of American author Daniel Handler). The series explores Snicket's childhood apprenticeship to the secret society V.F.D and expands the fictional universe introduced in the novel \"\"The Bad Beginning\"\", the first of thirteen installments in the \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\" books. Handler signed with Egmont Publishing (UK) in August 2009 and Little, Brown and Company (U.S.) in November 2009 to begin working on the series. Although the author switched from his former", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7181559", "chunk_text": "\"Daniel Handler\"\nseriousness\"\". He served as a judge for the PEN/Phyllis Naylor Working Writer Fellowship in 2012. In 2016, he founded Per Diem Press, a poetry competition for young writers. He awarded $1,000 to three prize winners and published a chapbook with their work. Handler wrote the bestselling series of 13 novels \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\" under the Snicket pseudonym from 1999 to 2006. The books concern three orphaned children who experience increasingly terrible events following the death of their parents and burning of their home (done by a man named Count Olaf and his troupe of associates), and Snicket acts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7950844", "chunk_text": "\"Lemony Snicket bibliography\"\nchildren only as \"\"V.F.D.\"\" Since the release of the first novel, \"\"The Bad Beginning\"\", the books have gained significant popularity, critical acclaim, and commercial success worldwide, spawning a film, video game, assorted merchandise and a television series on Netflix. The thirteen books in the series have collectively sold more than 65 million copies and have been translated into 41 languages. \"\"The Bad Beginning\"\" is the first novel in \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\". After the Baudelaire children learn their parents have died in a mansion fire, their banker Arthur Poe puts the Baudelaires in the custody of their distant cousin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7950842", "chunk_text": "\"Lemony Snicket bibliography\"\nLemony Snicket bibliography This is a list of books by Lemony Snicket, the pen name of American author Daniel Handler. Works published under the name Daniel Handler are not included. Snicket has published 26 fiction novels, thirteen in the main \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\" franchise. His works have been translated into more than 40 languages, and have sold more than 65 million copies. \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\" is a series of children's novels which follows the turbulent lives of Violet, Klaus, and Sunny Baudelaire after their parents' death in an arsonous house fire. The children are placed in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18695936", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\nafter Isadora Duncan, a notorious dancer also remembered for her unusual death by strangulation when her scarf entangled around the wheels of the open car in which she was a passenger. In the fourth book, \"\"The Miserable Mill\"\", Dr. Georgina Orwell is a reference to British author George Orwell. Orwell finished his famous book \"\"1984\"\" in 1948, and in the sixth book, \"\"The Ersatz Elevator\"\", it is not clear if the skyscraper in which Esmé and Jerome Squalor live has 48 or 84 stories. The Squalors' names reference Jerome David \"\"J. D.\"\" Salinger and his short story \"\"For Esmé –", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18695901", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\nplot progresses, the Baudelaires gradually confront further mysteries surrounding their family and deep conspiracies involving a secret society known as V.F.D., with connections to Olaf, their parents, and many other family relatives. The series is narrated by Lemony Snicket, who dedicates each of his works to his deceased love interest, Beatrice, and often attempts to dissuade the reader from reading the Baudelaires' story. Characterized by Victorian Gothic tones and absurdist textuality, the books are noted for their dark humor, sarcastic storytelling, and anachronistic elements, as well as frequent cultural and literary allusions. They have been classified as postmodern and metafictional", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2248585", "chunk_text": "\"Daniel Handler\"\nDaniel Handler Daniel Handler (born February 28, 1970) is an American writer and musician. He is best known for his children's series \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\" and \"\"All the Wrong Questions\"\", published under the pseudonym Lemony Snicket. The former was adapted into a Nickelodeon film in 2004, and a Netflix series from 2017 onwards. Handler has also published adult novels and a stage play under his real name, and other children's books under the Snicket pseudonym. His first book \"\"The Basic Eight\"\" was rejected by many publishers for its dark subject matter. Handler has also played the accordion in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18695937", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\nwith Love and Squalor\"\", while in an auction on which the plot hinges, Lot 49 is skipped, i.e. not cried, an allusion to Thomas Pynchon's \"\"The Crying of Lot 49\"\". Both Salinger and Pynchon were reputed at one time not to be actual persons. The ninth book in the series, \"\"The Carnivorous Carnival\"\", takes place at Caligari Carnival; the carnival's name is a nod to the 1920 silent horror film \"\"The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari\"\". Subsequently, many of the inhabitants of the island in which the Baudelaires find themselves on in \"\"The End\"\" are named after characters from \"\"The Tempest\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1745356", "chunk_text": "\"Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\nUnfortunate Events\"\" began on November 10, 2003, using the sound stages and backlot at Paramount Studios in Hollywood. Director Brad Silberling avoided using too many digital or chroma key effects because he wanted the younger actors to feel as if they were working in a realistic environment. Olaf's mansion occupied two sound stages, while the graveyard and the ruins of the Baudelaire mansion were constructed on the Paramount back lot. After 21 weeks of shooting at Paramount, production then moved to Downey Studios, a former NASA facility in Downey, California, for eight more weeks. Downey housed the circular railroad crossing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19415393", "chunk_text": "\"The End (novel)\"\nThe End (novel) The End is the thirteenth and final novel in the children's novel series \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\" by Lemony Snicket. The book was released on Friday, October 13, 2006. The book opens with the Baudelaire orphans and Count Olaf on a boat heading away from the Hotel Denouement. After a storm, the Baudelaires arrive and are welcomed on an island by a young girl named Friday. Count Olaf, however, is not welcomed due to his snobby attitude and death threat to Friday. Later, the pregnant Kit Snicket and a friendly snake known as the \"\"Incredibly Deadly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2248596", "chunk_text": "\"Daniel Handler\"\npresident Michael S. Roth announced that Handler had stepped down from the position, to be replaced by Anita Hill. Handler has published a variety of books under the name Lemony Snicket; this section lists works published under his own name. As editor or contributor: \"\"A reader makes his way through one book by each Nobel Laureate.\"\" Daniel Handler Daniel Handler (born February 28, 1970) is an American writer and musician. He is best known for his children's series \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\" and \"\"All the Wrong Questions\"\", published under the pseudonym Lemony Snicket. The former was adapted into a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7950867", "chunk_text": "\"Lemony Snicket bibliography\"\nand abduction by V.F.D. using letters, newspaper clippings, and other memorabilia. \"\"Mysterious Messages Concerning the Dismal Dinner\"\" (2004), commonly called \"\"The Dismal Dinner\"\", is a short miniseries by Lemony Snicket which ties in with \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\", set before \"\"The Bad Beginning\"\". The four-part series was released in 2004 with Lunchables in promotion of the film. The series describes a scene at the fourth-to-last dinner party held by Bertrand and Beatrice Baudelaire before their deaths. Each part includes a clue which together spell out: \"\"Olaf was there\"\". Snicket describes a dinner party in which \"\"at least two guests", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7950882", "chunk_text": "\"Lemony Snicket bibliography\"\nway that moods (both bad and good) are spread through simple actions. Lemony Snicket bibliography This is a list of books by Lemony Snicket, the pen name of American author Daniel Handler. Works published under the name Daniel Handler are not included. Snicket has published 26 fiction novels, thirteen in the main \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\" franchise. His works have been translated into more than 40 languages, and have sold more than 65 million copies. \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\" is a series of children's novels which follows the turbulent lives of Violet, Klaus, and Sunny Baudelaire after their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3239746", "chunk_text": "\"The Bad Beginning\"\ndreadful. It was released on May 8, 2007. The book features a new full-color cover, seven new illustrations, and the first part of a serial supplement entitled \"\"The Cornucopian Cavalcade\"\", which in this edition includes the first of 13-part comic entitled \"\"The Spoily Brats\"\" along with a page of Victorian-era false advertisements, both produced by Michael Kupperman; an advice column written by Lemony Snicket along with a page listing every entry in \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\" (some of which are fictional); the first part of a story entitled \"\"Q: A Psychic pstory of the psupernatural\"\" by Stephen Leacock; Two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7950871", "chunk_text": "\"Lemony Snicket bibliography\"\nBlank Book\"\" (Harper Collins, March 2004, ) is the first of two commonplace books in the \"\"Unfortunate Events\"\" franchise. It is a 176-page hardcover journal. Commonplace books are used in the series by many protagonists, including the Quagmire family, Jacques Snicket and Klaus Baudelaire, to write notes on their experiences and discoveries. The bottom of each page is printed with quotations from \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\" and illustrations by Brett Helquist. There is also a sheet of Unfortunate Events stickers. The cover illustration shows Count Olaf surrounded by fire, smiling and holding a dip pen. \"\"The Notorious Notations\"\" (February", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18695906", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\nnobility. Vonnegut's novel focuses on artificial family as the cure for loneliness and strife, which seems to also be the aim of the \"\"artificial family\"\" of V.F.D. The series follows the adventures of three siblings called the Baudelaire orphans. Snicket explains that very few positive things happen to the children. Violet Baudelaire, the eldest, is fourteen when the series begins and is an inventor. Klaus Baudelaire, the middle child, is twelve when the series begins; he loves books and is an extraordinary speed reader with a first-class eidetic memory. Sunny Baudelaire is a baby in the beginning of the series,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11074704", "chunk_text": "\"The Slippery Slope\"\nThe Slippery Slope The Slippery Slope is the tenth novel in the children's novel series \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\" by Lemony Snicket. It was illustrated by Brett Helquist and released on September 23, 2003. In the novel, Violet and Klaus Baudelaire make their way up the Mortmain Mountains to rescue their sister Sunny from Count Olaf and his troupe. They meet Quigley Quagmire, a character who they thought to be dead, and visit the headquarters of a mysterious organization called \"\"V.F.D.\"\" They are reunited with Sunny and manage to escape from Olaf. The book has received positive reviews and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18642820", "chunk_text": "\"Lemony Snicket: The Unauthorized Autobiography\"\nLemony Snicket: The Unauthorized Autobiography Lemony Snicket: The Unauthorized Autobiography is a fictional \"\"autobiography\"\" of \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\" author and character Lemony Snicket. It was published on May 1, 2002. Although it is labeled \"\"Unauthorized\"\" for humor, the book is in fact official. Beginning with a multi-layered introduction by Daniel Handler that encompasses twelve of the book's thirteen chapters, the book is largely made up of facsimile documents, such as old newspaper excerpts and letters, as well as excerpts from other books. The book also uses a mixture of black-and-white photography by Meredith Heuer and Julie Blattberg and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11975502", "chunk_text": "\"Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\nthe first level where a package is delivered from the \"\"Very Fast Delivery Service.\"\" The note attached to the package also reads at the end, \"\"P.S. The world is quiet here\"\", which is the motto of V.F.D. Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events (also simply known as A Series of Unfortunate Events) is a 2004 American gothic dark comedy film directed by Brad Silberling. It is a film adaptation of \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\" by Lemony Snicket, covering the first three novels \"\"The Bad Beginning\"\", \"\"The Reptile Room\"\", and \"\"The Wide", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13316724", "chunk_text": "\"All the Wrong Questions\"\ngift to Daniel Handler. The first two chapters were also made available in promotional attache cases distributed at BookExpo America. The two chapters were also later made available on the series's official website, lemonysnicketlibrary. Chapters Three and Four were later released with the first two as an E-book via Amazon.com and Google Play. All the Wrong Questions All the Wrong Questions is a four-part children's book series and prequel to \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\" by Lemony Snicket (the pen name of American author Daniel Handler). The series explores Snicket's childhood apprenticeship to the secret society V.F.D and expands the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17528317", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\nsetting of the world has been compared to \"\"Edward Scissorhands\"\" in that it is \"\"suburban gothic\"\". Although the film version sets the Baudelaires' mansion in the city of Boston, Massachusetts, real places rarely appear in the books, although some are mentioned. For example, in \"\"The Ersatz Elevator\"\", a book in Jerome and Esmé Squalor's library was titled \"\"Trout, In France They're Out\"\"; there are also references to the fictional nobility of North American regions, specifically the Duchess of Winnipeg and the King of Arizona, perhaps allusions to the setting of Kurt Vonnegut's novel \"\"Slapstick\"\", which features similar North American fictional", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3239788", "chunk_text": "\"The Ersatz Elevator\"\nThe Ersatz Elevator The Ersatz Elevator is the sixth novel of the children's novel series \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\" by Lemony Snicket. The Baudelaires are sent to live with the wealthy Esmé and Jerome Squalor. Mr. Poe takes the Baudelaire orphans to their new home on 667 Dark Avenue. The street is dark, as light is \"\"out\"\", or unpopular. The elevators in the apartment building are not working, as elevators are \"\"out\"\", leaving the Baudelaires to walk up several dozen flights of stairs to the penthouse where the Squalors live. Jerome Squalor welcomes the children to their new home.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10510890", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)\"\nand deepening the novel series' mythology. Dornbush also praised the performance of guest stars such as Lucy Punch and Patrick Warburton and awarded the second season 7.2 stars. A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series) Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events, or simply A Series of Unfortunate Events, is an American black comedy-drama web television series from Netflix, developed by Mark Hudis and Barry Sonnenfeld, based on Lemony Snicket’s children's novel series of the same name. It stars Neil Patrick Harris, Patrick Warburton, Malina Weissman, Louis Hynes, K. Todd Freeman, and Presley Smith with Lucy Punch, Avi Lake, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11975501", "chunk_text": "\"Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\nseen) was released in 2004 by Adrenium Games and Activision for the PlayStation 2, GameCube, Xbox, Game Boy Advance, and the PC as \"\"Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\". The player plays as all three orphans at points in the game, and encounters characters such as Mr. Poe, Uncle Monty and Aunt Josephine, along with villains such as Count Olaf, the hook-handed man, the white-faced women, and the bald-headed man. The game, like the movie, follows only the first three books in the series. Although never mentioned in the game, there are some references to V.F.D., such as in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3239796", "chunk_text": "\"The Ersatz Elevator\"\nof the second season of the television series adaptation produced by Netflix. The Ersatz Elevator The Ersatz Elevator is the sixth novel of the children's novel series \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\" by Lemony Snicket. The Baudelaires are sent to live with the wealthy Esmé and Jerome Squalor. Mr. Poe takes the Baudelaire orphans to their new home on 667 Dark Avenue. The street is dark, as light is \"\"out\"\", or unpopular. The elevators in the apartment building are not working, as elevators are \"\"out\"\", leaving the Baudelaires to walk up several dozen flights of stairs to the penthouse where", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7518030", "chunk_text": "\"The Hostile Hospital\"\nThe Hostile Hospital The Hostile Hospital is the eighth novel in the children's book series \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\" by Lemony Snicket, the pseudonym of Daniel Handler. It takes place shortly after \"\"The Vile Village\"\" and is followed by a sequel, \"\"The Carnivorous Carnival\"\". After escaping the Village of Fowl Devotees, Violet, Klaus and Sunny Baudelaire arrive at a store to send a telegram to Mr. Poe, explaining their situation and pleading for help. The store's generous owner explains that a van of 'Volunteers Fighting Diseases' arrives once everyday for a gas refill. The van arrives, and the Baudelaires,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18695902", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\nwriting, with the plot evolution throughout the later novels being cited as an exploration of the psychological process of transition from the idyllic innocence of childhood to the moral complexity of maturity. Likewise, the final installments of the series are also acknowledged for their escalatingly intricate ethical ambiguity toward philosophical ambivalence, as the nature of some of the Baudelaires' actions becomes increasingly harder to discern from those of their antagonist counterparts and more characters are revealed to be responsible for permanent wrongdoing, despite their identification with the self-proclaimed good side of the tale. Since the release of the first novel,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9040604", "chunk_text": "\"The Unfortunates\"\nThe Unfortunates The Unfortunates is an experimental \"\"book in a box\"\" published in 1969 by English author B. S. Johnson and reissued in 2008 by New Directions. The 27 sections are unbound, with a first and last chapter specified. The 25 sections in-between, ranging from a single paragraph to 12 pages in length, are designed to be read in any order. Christopher Fowler described it as \"\"a fairly straightforward meditation on death and friendship, told through memories.\"\" Jonathan Coe described it as \"\"one of the lost masterpieces of the sixties\"\". Johnson said of the book \"\"I did not think then,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_309	when is the last time the vikings were in the nfc championship?	n/a	[ "1976", "2017/18" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3387707", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nDecember 29, 2013, defeating the Detroit Lions 14–13 to end the season. Since the team's first season in 1961, the Vikings have had one of the highest winning percentages in the NFL. As of 2017, they have won at least three games in every season except in 1962, and are one of only six NFL teams to win at least 15 games in a regular season. The Vikings have won one NFL Championship, in 1969, before the league's merger with the American Football League (AFL). Since the league merger in 1970, they have qualified for the playoffs 27 times, third-most", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3387703", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nMinnesota Vikings The Minnesota Vikings are a professional American football team based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Vikings joined the National Football League (NFL) as an expansion team in 1960, and first took the field for the 1961 season. The team competes in the National Football Conference (NFC) North division. During the 1960s, the Vikings' record was typical for an expansion franchise, but improved over the course of the decade, resulting in a Central Division title in 1968. In 1969, their dominant defense led to the Vikings' league championship, the last NFL championship prior to the merger of the NFL with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15191416", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\ngame against a divisional opponent, although Bridgewater set a franchise record for wins by a rookie starting quarterback. On January 3, 2016, the Vikings beat divisional rival Green Bay 20–13 to win the NFC North for the first time since 2009. The Vikings, led by their top 5 defense, ended the 2015 season with an 11–5 record, and a #3 seed in the playoffs. However, they lost to the Seattle Seahawks 10–9 after Blair Walsh missed a 27-yard field goal in the third coldest game in NFL playoff history. The Vikings were responsible for a historic milestone in the late", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15191403", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nviewers). The Vikings beat the New York Giants, 44–7, in Week 17 to help the team clinch the second seed in the conference and a first round-bye with an Eagles loss later that same day. The Vikings ended the regular season with a 12–4 record, their best record since 2000 and the first 11-plus win season since their record-setting 1998 campaign. The Vikings played the Dallas Cowboys in the divisional round on January 17, 2010, and won the game by a score of 34–3, advancing the Vikings to the NFC Championship game, the ninth in franchise history. This would also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3387708", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nin the league. The team has played in Super Bowls IV, VIII, IX, and XI, though failing to win any of them. In addition, they have lost in their last six NFC Championship Game appearances since 1978. The team currently has 14 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame. The team was officially named the Minnesota Vikings on September 27, 1960; the name is partly meant to reflect Minnesota's place as a center of Scandinavian American culture. From the start, the Vikings embraced an energetic marketing program that produced first-year season ticket sales of nearly 26,000 and an average", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15191384", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nDivisional Playoff game, they beat the 13–2 San Francisco 49ers 36–24 at Candlestick Park. During that game, Anthony Carter set the all-time record for most receiving yards in a playoff game with 227 yards. The Vikings played the Washington Redskins in the NFC Championship Game on January 17, 1988, at RFK Stadium. Trailing 17–10, the Vikings drove to the Redskins' 6-yard line with a little over a minute left in the game, but failed to get the ball into the end zone. The Vikings' hopes of a Super Bowl ended when Darrin Nelson dropped a pass from Wade Wilson on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8682548", "chunk_text": "\"Sports in Minnesota\"\nAngeles, where they became the Los Angeles Lakers. The Minnesota Vikings are an NFL team founded as an expansion team in 1961. They play their home games at U.S. Bank Stadium. The Vikings have won one NFL Championship in 1969, one year before the AFL–NFL Merger. The Vikings were the first team to appear in four Super Bowls, but also lost all of them. Their last appearance in the Super Bowl was Super Bowl XI against the Oakland Raiders in 1977. Notable current and former players include Warren Moon, Randall Cunningham, Jim Marshall, Ron Yary, Mick Tingelhoff, Paul Krause, Cris", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5223990", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Minnesota Vikings\"\nyards in a playoff game with 227 yards. The Vikings played the Washington Redskins in the NFC Championship Game on January 17, 1988, at RFK Stadium. Trailing 17–10, the Vikings drove to the Redskins 6-yard line with a little over a minute left in the game but failed to get the ball into the end zone. Running back Darrin Nelson dropped a pass from Wade Wilson at the goal line to officially end the Vikings' hopes of a Super Bowl. Nelson would later be traded to the Dallas Cowboys in possibly the worst trade in NFL history, the Herschel Walker", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15191419", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nas a rookie. He holds several Vikings records including most career rushing touchdowns, career rushing yards, and most rushing yards in a season. In the summer of 2017, the Vikings ownership announced they would end the 52-year annual tradition of summer training camp in Mankato, Minnesota at Minnesota State University, Mankato as they built a large new headquarters building, training facility and area property development in Eagan, Minnesota on the site of the former Northwest Airlines offices completed in the spring of 2018 in time for the 2018 summer training camp that July. The Vikings won the NFC North for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15191400", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nyards and added a touchdown during the game. On January 4, 2009, the Vikings hosted the Philadelphia Eagles for the Wild Card round, their first home playoff game in eight years. The Eagles led the Viking 16–14 at halftime and, coming off a 44–6 victory over the Dallas Cowboys, went on to defeat the Vikings 26–14. The Eagles would go on to defeat the defending Super Bowl champion New York Giants in the Divisional round, only to lose to the Arizona Cardinals in the NFC Championship Game. Since 2006, the Vikings have been known especially for their strong run defense", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3387721", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nhim unconscious. The Vikings played in Super Bowl XI, their third Super Bowl (fourth overall) in four years, against the Oakland Raiders at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California, on January 9, 1977. The Vikings, however, lost 32–14. In 1977, the Vikings again won the Central Division with a 9–5 record and advanced to their 4th NFC Championship Game in 5 years, but were defeated by the eventual Super Bowl Champion Cowboys, 23–6, at Texas Stadium. By 1978, age was taking its toll on the Vikings, but they still made the playoffs with an 8–7–1 record. There was no more", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13876982", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Bank Stadium\"\ngame, on January 14, 2018, as the Vikings hosted the New Orleans Saints. The Vikings won the game 29-24 on a last second 61-yard catch by wide receiver Stefon Diggs, in a play that became known as the Minneapolis Miracle. The Vikings then advanced to the NFC Championship game against the Philadelphia Eagles in Philadelphia’s Lincoln Financial Field, where the Vikings lost 38-7, costing the Vikings the chance to become the first NFL team to play a Super Bowl in its own home stadium. Super Bowl LII was played at the stadium on February 4, 2018 between the Philadelphia Eagles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15191404", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nbe the first NFC Championship game for the team since the 2000 season. Minnesota would travel to New Orleans the following week to face the top-seeded Saints in the first conference championship game held at the Superdome. Despite out-gaining the Saints on offense by nearly a twofold margin, the Vikings were severely hindered by five turnovers, including a Favre interception in the final minute of the fourth quarter in Saints territory. They were ousted in overtime, 31–28, as the Saints won the coin toss and kicked a 40-yard field goal on the first possession of overtime. In the first week", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19185051", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings statistics\"\nestablishment – Metropolitan Stadium, Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome, and U.S. Bank Stadium; attendance records, both home and away, are included on this page. Last updated: As of week 15 of the 2018 NFL season Minnesota Vikings statistics The Minnesota Vikings is an American football franchise based in Minneapolis. The team was established in 1961 and is part of the National Football League's NFC North division. Since then, the team has taken part in the NFL playoffs 29 times, reaching four Super Bowls in 1970, 1974, 1975 and 1977. This list encompasses the major records set by the team, its coaches", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1953335", "chunk_text": "\"Minneapolis Miracle\"\nMinneapolis Miracle The Minneapolis Miracle (also known as the Minnesota Miracle) was the National Football Conference (NFC) divisional playoff game between the Minnesota Vikings and the New Orleans Saints on January 14, 2018, and specifically its final play. The game was played as part of the National Football League (NFL)'s 2017–18 playoffs. The Saints came back from a 17–0 first-half deficit and established a 24–23 lead with 25 seconds remaining in the contest. On the last play of the game, Vikings quarterback Case Keenum threw a 27-yard pass to wide receiver Stefon Diggs, who evaded Saints safety Marcus Williams and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10114253", "chunk_text": "\"Minneapolis Miracle\"\nSaints faced off once again at U.S. Bank Stadium during the 2018 season, in what was billed as a \"\"rematch\"\" of the Minneapolis Miracle game. The Saints won the game, 30–20. The starting lineups for the game were: The officials for the game were: Minneapolis Miracle The Minneapolis Miracle (also known as the Minnesota Miracle) was the National Football Conference (NFC) divisional playoff game between the Minnesota Vikings and the New Orleans Saints on January 14, 2018, and specifically its final play. The game was played as part of the National Football League (NFL)'s 2017–18 playoffs. The Saints came back", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15191429", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nVikings wore all-purple intentionally. Three years later, the Vikings played the November 7, 2010 home game against the Arizona Cardinals in the all-purple uniform. The NFL introduced \"\"Color Rush\"\" uniforms for all 32 teams in the 2016 season, specifically for \"\"Thursday Night Football\"\" games. The Vikings had an all-purple uniform with gold numbers and stripes on the pants, which made its only appearance in Week 13 at home to the Dallas Cowboys. After several failed attempts at developing an official team-owned mascot, the Vikings finally introduced Viktor the Viking during the 2007 Vikings' season. Team officials had long indicated that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5223980", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Minnesota Vikings\"\nDallas for pass interference. Afterwards, angry fans pelted the field with snowballs and one referee was struck in the head with a beer bottle, mimicking an incident two weeks earlier during the regular season finale in Buffalo where Foreman was hit in the eye with a snowball. The Vikings finished 11–2–1 in 1976, winning their division once again and beating Washington at home, 35–20. They then won the NFC Championship in the last playoff game at Metropolitan Stadium over the Los Angeles Rams, 24–13, to advance to their third Super Bowl in four years. However, a championship continued to elude", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15191433", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nthe Minnesota Vikings. It was introduced around the time the team was founded in 1961. It is always played whenever the team scores a touchdown, field goal or safety, at the end of each half, and upon victory. The song \"\"Purple and Gold\"\" was recorded in 2010 by Minneapolis native Prince to be used as a fight song for the Minnesota Vikings. Due to geographic and cultural proximity, the Vikings' foremost rival is the Green Bay Packers. Some sources cite this rivalry as the biggest overall in the NFC North apart from the Packers-Bears rivalry (which dates back several more", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1810411", "chunk_text": "Minneapolis\nreaching the WNBA Finals in 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016, and 2017 and winning in 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2017. The Minnesota Vikings football team and the Minnesota Twins baseball team have played in the state since 1961. The Vikings were an NFL expansion team, and the Twins were formed when the Washington Senators relocated to Minnesota. The Twins have won 10 division titles (1969, 1970, 1987, 1991, 2002–04, 2006, 2009, and 2010), three American League Pennants (1965, 1987 and 1991) and the World Series in 1987 and 1991. The Twins have played at Target Field since 2010. The Vikings", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14540156", "chunk_text": "\"1998 NFC Championship Game\"\n1998 NFC Championship Game The 1998 NFC Championship Game was a National Football League (NFL) game played on January 17, 1999, to determine the National Football Conference (NFC) champion for the 1998 NFL season. The visiting Atlanta Falcons defeated the heavily favored Minnesota Vikings 30–27 in sudden death overtime to win their first conference championship and advance to the franchise's first Super Bowl appearance. As a result of their loss, the Vikings were eliminated from the playoffs and became the first team in the history of the NFL to compile a regular season record of 15–1 and not win the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15344735", "chunk_text": "\"1998 NFC Championship Game\"\nfirst franchise to lose four Super Bowls as a result. They had not appeared in a Super Bowl since their fourth loss following the 1976 season, although they had come close in other seasons. In a 1975 Divisional round playoff game, the Vikings lost to the Dallas Cowboys as a result of a 50-yard touchdown pass from Roger Staubach to Drew Pearson in the game's final seconds, a play in which Vikings observers claim that Pearson should have been penalized for pass interference. The Vikings also lost to the Washington Redskins in the 1987 NFC Championship Game, during which Vikings", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11349631", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nvictories after a season-opening loss to the New York Giants, which was the longest single-season winning streak in 35 years. The Vikings defeated the Cleveland Browns 27–7 in the last pre-merger NFL Championship Game on January 4, 1970, at Metropolitan Stadium. The Vikings became the first modern NFL expansion team to win an NFL Championship Game, and earned a berth in Super Bowl IV; however, the heavily favored Vikings lost that game to the Kansas City Chiefs, 23–7. The team MVP that season was Joe Kapp, who threw for seven touchdowns against the Baltimore Colts – still an all-time NFL", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15075360", "chunk_text": "\"Adam Thielen\"\nrival, Detroit Lions, Thielen had eight receptions for 89 yards in the Vikings 30–23 victory. This put him over the 1,000-yard mark for the season. He became the first Vikings receiver to surpass the 1,000-yard mark since Sidney Rice in 2009. On December 19, 2017, Thielen was named to his first Pro Bowl. The Vikings won the NFC North with a 13–3 record. In the Divisional Round against the New Orleans Saints, he had six receptions for 74 yards in the 29–24 victory. In the NFC Championship against the Philadelphia Eagles, he had three receptions for 28 yards in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14314157", "chunk_text": "\"Mike Zimmer\"\nthe best record for a first year head coach in the Minnesota Vikings franchise since Dennis Green in 1992. In 2015, Zimmer improved on his 2014 record by ending the season with a record of 11-5 and winning the NFC North, ending Green Bay's streak of four consecutive division titles and giving the Vikings their first since 2009. At TCF Bank Stadium, the Vikings lost the wild-card playoff round to the Seattle Seahawks 10–9 while playing in subzero temperatures and the third-coldest game in NFL history. On July 28, 2016, Zimmer signed a contract extension with the Vikings. Terms of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15191392", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nand an appearance in the NFC Championship game, where they were defeated 41-0 by the New York Giants. The following season, they struggled by posting a 5–11 record in 2001. The team would make the playoffs again in 2004, but would not win a divisional title again until 2008. Since the merger, the 2000s became the decade with the fewest playoff berths for the franchise. In 2000, the Vikings went 11–5. The Vikings were 11–2 after 14 weeks, but slumped briefly, losing their last three to the Rams, Packers and Colts while starting quarterback Daunte Culpepper was hampered by injury.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12390527", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings statistics\"\nMinnesota Vikings statistics The Minnesota Vikings is an American football franchise based in Minneapolis. The team was established in 1961 and is part of the National Football League's NFC North division. Since then, the team has taken part in the NFL playoffs 29 times, reaching four Super Bowls in 1970, 1974, 1975 and 1977. This list encompasses the major records set by the team, its coaches and its players. The players section of this page lists the individual records for passing, rushing and receiving, as well as selected defensive records. The team has had three full-time home stadiums since its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10279227", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Minnesota Vikings\"\ndefensive end Jim Marshall, the last link to the inaugural 1961 team, retired. The Minnesota legislature approved a new stadium in 1979, and construction of the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome began in December 1979. A domed facility was chosen because of the harsh Minnesota winters and because it could be used for a much wider variety of activities than an outdoor facility. In 1980, the Vikings won the NFC Central again with a 9–7 record, clinching the division title against the Cleveland Browns in the Miracle at the Met, but lost the divisional round in Philadelphia, 31–16. On May 15,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11349653", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nby scoring a total of 556 points, never scoring fewer than 24 in a game. The Vikings finished the season 15–1, their only loss was to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers 27–24 in Week 9. In the playoffs, the Vikings rolled past the Arizona Cardinals 41–21, and came into the Metrodome heavily favored for their NFC title showdown with the Atlanta Falcons, who had gone 14–2 in the regular season. After kicker Gary Anderson, who had just completed the first perfect regular season in NFL history (not missing a single extra point or field goal attempt the entire year), missed a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1583674", "chunk_text": "\"1998 NFC Championship Game\"\nduring the season. The Vikings finished the regular season with a record of 15–1 and held the first overall seed in the NFC playoffs; the two previous NFL teams to finish the regular season with 15 wins, the 1984 San Francisco 49ers and the 1985 Chicago Bears, had each won the Super Bowl. Former player turned analyst Brian Baldinger claimed that \"\"They were easily the best team in football,\"\" and Pro Football Hall of Fame writer Ray Didinger observed, \"\"It seems like this is the unstoppable team.\"\" Dan Barreiro, a sports radio host in the Minneapolis area, noted that for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20144260", "chunk_text": "\"2009 Minnesota Vikings season\"\n2009 Minnesota Vikings season The 2009 season was the Minnesota Vikings' 49th in the National Football League and their fourth under head coach Brad Childress. The Vikings improved upon their 10–6 record and defended their NFC North title from 2008, their first successful defense of a divisional title since they won six NFC Central titles in a row between 1973 and 1978. They beat the Dallas Cowboys in the NFC Divisional Playoff at the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in Minneapolis, but lost the NFC Championship Game in overtime to the eventual Super Bowl champion New Orleans Saints, missing out on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18227066", "chunk_text": "\"2009 Minnesota Vikings season\"\nNFC Championship Game in team history, and their first appearance since the 2000 season with a 13–4 record. Brett Favre became the oldest player to start and win a playoff game, but also won his first postseason game in four against Dallas. This would be the Vikings' final win in a playoff game until (after) 2017. Coming off their dominant divisional home win over the Cowboys, the Vikings flew to the Louisiana Superdome for the NFC Championship Game against the top-seeded New Orleans Saints. Minnesota delivered the opening strike in the first quarter with running back Adrian Peterson's 19-yard touchdown", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11349652", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nfrom 1989 to 1991. In his 10 seasons as the coach of the Vikings, Green won four NFC Central division titles, had eight playoff appearances, two NFC Championship Game appearances and an all-time record of 97–62. The Vikings therefore had the fifth highest winning percentage among all NFL teams during the regular season in the 1990s. 1998 was a year to remember for the franchise. With a spectacular offense led by quarterback Randall Cunningham (who replaced an injured Brad Johnson), running back Robert Smith, veteran wide receiver Cris Carter, and explosive rookie Randy Moss, the Vikings set a then-NFL record", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1369229", "chunk_text": "\"NFC Championship Game\"\nNFC Championship Game The NFC Championship Game (also unofficially referred to as the NFC Title Game) is one of the two semi-final playoff games of the National Football League (NFL), the largest professional American football league in the United States. The game is played on the penultimate Sunday in January and determines the champion of the National Football Conference (NFC). The winner then advances to face the winner of the American Football Conference (AFC) Championship Game in the Super Bowl. The game was established as part of the 1970 merger between the NFL and the American Football League (AFL), with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10279216", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Minnesota Vikings\"\nMemorial Stadium. That game also saw a then-record home crowd of 60,740. The Vikings defeated the Cleveland Browns 27–7 in the NFL Championship Game on January 4, 1970, at Metropolitan Stadium. Minnesota became the first modern NFL expansion team to win an NFL Championship Game, which earned the team a berth in Super Bowl IV. The heavily favored Vikings lost that game to the Kansas City Chiefs, 23–7, at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans. The team continued to shine in 1970 and 1971 as their \"\"Purple People Eater\"\" defense led them back to the playoffs. In 1971, the defense was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1583921", "chunk_text": "\"1998 NFC Championship Game\"\nReference: Completions/attempts Carries Long gain Receptions Times targeted As credited during the Fox Sports broadcast of the 1998 NFC Championship game: As credited during the Fox Sports broadcast of the 1998 NFC Championship game: 1998 NFC Championship Game The 1998 NFC Championship Game was a National Football League (NFL) game played on January 17, 1999, to determine the National Football Conference (NFC) champion for the 1998 NFL season. The visiting Atlanta Falcons defeated the heavily favored Minnesota Vikings 30–27 in sudden death overtime to win their first conference championship and advance to the franchise's first Super Bowl appearance. As a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15191418", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nthe 5th year option for Teddy Bridgewater. Running back Adrian Peterson went down to injury in Week 2 against the Green Bay Packers with a torn meniscus and was placed on the Injured Reserve until Week 15. On February 28, 2017, the Vikings announced they would not exercise Peterson's 2017 contract option which made him a free agent. Had they exercised the option, Peterson would be owed $18 million for the 2017 season. On April 25, 2017, the New Orleans Saints signed Peterson to a 2-year, $7 million contract, ending his tenure with the Vikings since his debut in 2007", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11349635", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nin franchise history, Super Bowl VIII, against the Miami Dolphins at Rice Stadium in Houston, Texas; however, the Dolphins prevailed, 24–7. The Vikings won the Central Division again in 1974 with a 10–4 record. In the playoffs they built on their cold weather reputation, defeating both the St. Louis Cardinals and the Los Angeles Rams in frozen Metropolitan Stadium. The Vikings played in their second straight Super Bowl, Super Bowl IX (3rd overall), losing to the Pittsburgh Steelers, 16–6, at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans on January 12, 1975. Led by Tarkenton and running back Chuck Foreman, the 1975 Vikings", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5220116", "chunk_text": "\"Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome\"\nOn December 29, 2013, the Vikings played their final game at the Metrodome, a 14-13 victory over the Detroit Lions. The team's all-time record at the dome was 162-88 in the regular season and 6-4 in playoff games. They finished with a perfect record at the dome against the Arizona Cardinals (8-0), Baltimore Ravens (1-0), Cincinnati Bengals (4-0), and Houston Texans (1-0), but with a winless record there against the New York Jets (0-3). NFL owners voted during their May 24, 1989 meeting to award Super Bowl XXVI to Minneapolis over Indianapolis, Pontiac and Seattle.. The game on January 26,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20930148", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Minnesota Vikings season\"\nNFC title drought to 42 seasons, the longest in the NFL. Four Vikings players were elected to the Pro Bowl when the rosters were announced on December 19, 2017, with three-time selection Everson Griffen, two-time selection Xavier Rhodes and first-timer Adam Thielen all named as starters, while Griffen's fellow third-timer Anthony Barr was named on the bench at outside linebacker behind the Cardinals' Chandler Jones and the Redskins' Ryan Kerrigan. Safety Harrison Smith was rated as the best safety in the league by Pro Football Focus over the course of the season, but was not included in the roster for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19530976", "chunk_text": "\"NFC North\"\nthe Lions are 89 years old (founded 1929 in Portsmouth, Ohio; moved to Detroit in 1934), and the Vikings are 57 years old (founded 1961). The division has a total of 11 Super Bowl appearances. The Packers have the most appearances in the Super Bowl with 5, the most recent happening at the conclusion of the 2010 season. The Bears and the Packers have the only Super Bowl wins of this division, a total of 5 (4 for the Packers and 1 for the Bears). Of the top 10 NFL teams with the highest winning percentage throughout its franchise history,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15191425", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nthe team returned to black shoes for first time since the 1983 season. The Vikings tweaked their Norseman logo, which involved updating the shading, altering the shape and base of the horns, thickening the mustache and face, making the gold tones brighter, and shortening the braid. The new logo was unveiled on February 14, 2013. On March 28, the team reported that new uniforms will be unveiled on April 25. On April 25, 2013, the Minnesota Vikings unveiled the club's new uniforms during its annual NFL Draft party. From 1969 through 1973, the Vikings had an alternate purple jersey without", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15191424", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nto the uniform design throughout the years, such as changing the color of the face mask from gray to white in 1980, and then to purple in 1985. In addition, the Norseman logo was to the sleeves in 1996, and the purple jersey stripes were toned down with that change; the \"\"TV numbers\"\", previously located on the jersey sleeves, moved up to the shoulders as well that year. The Vikings continued to wear black shoes until Les Steckel became head coach in 1984; they were the last NFL team to make the change from black to white shoes. In 2006,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3387740", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nthe wild card game, the Vikings the rival Green Bay Packers in their first-ever playoff meeting, 31–17. In doing so, the Vikings became the second team in NFL history to have a .500 record (8–8) in the regular season and win a playoff game (The St. Louis Rams did the same thing only a day earlier). In the divisional round, the Vikings by the eventual NFC champion Philadelphia Eagles. On March 2, 2005, Vikings wide receiver Randy Moss was traded to the Oakland Raiders for linebacker Napoleon Harris and the Raiders' first round draft pick. After struggling to a disappointing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13309959", "chunk_text": "\"Terence Newman\"\na 34–7 win against the Cincinnati Bengals. He finished his 2017 campaign with 35 combined tackles (25 solo), five passes defended, and an interception in 16 games and seven starts. The Minnesota Vikings finished atop the NFC North with a 13–3 record, clinching a first round bye and home-field advantage. They reached the NFC Championship Game after defeating the New Orleans Saints 29–24 in the NFC Divisional Round. On January 21, 2018, Newman started in the NFC Championship Game and record four solo tackles in the Vikings' 38–7 loss to the Philadelphia Eagles. Pro Football Focus gave Newman an overall", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15191431", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nLodbrok. Juranitch admits to being somewhat of an eccentric—he holds the current world record for fastest time shaving a beard with an axe, but hasn't shaved his beard since he won the Ragnar job among 3,000 applicants. Ragnar drove onto the field at the beginning of a game dressed in Viking garb, on a motorcycle, while a cheerleader used to ride a snowmobile. Although never one to shy away from confrontations with opposing players, notably Chad \"\"Ochocinco\"\" Johnson, he had a soft spot for Brett Favre while the quarterback started for the rival Green Bay Packers. In 2015, the Vikings", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5223997", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Minnesota Vikings\"\nreceiver Randy Moss. The Vikings set a then-NFL record by scoring a total of 556 points (a record since topped only four times, most recently the 2013 Denver Broncos, who scored 606), never scoring fewer than 24 in a game. The scoring total remained a record until 2007, when the Patriots scored 589. The Vikings finished the season 15–1, their only loss by 3 points to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in Week 9. In the divisional playoffs, the Vikings rolled past the Arizona Cardinals 41–21 and came into the Metrodome heavily favored for their NFC title showdown with the Atlanta", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3387744", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nlost their final two games to finish the season at 8–8 and missed the playoffs. In Week 13 of the 2008 season against the Bears, Gus Frerotte hooked up with Bernard Berrian and set the record for longest play in franchise history with a 99-yard touchdown pass. In the 2009 season, Adrian Peterson led the NFL with 1760 rushing yards, breaking the franchise record. The Vikings clinched the NFC North championship for the first time after defeating the New York Giants 20–19 in Week 17, when kicker Ryan Longwell made the game-winning field goal. Peterson had 19 carries for 109", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12978023", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Minnesota Vikings season\"\n2018 Minnesota Vikings season The 2018 season is the Minnesota Vikings' 58th in the National Football League, their third playing their home games at U.S. Bank Stadium and their fifth under head coach Mike Zimmer. Following a Week 11 loss to the Chicago Bears, the team could no longer improve on their 13–3 record from the 2017 season, in which they won the NFC North division and reached the NFC Championship before losing to the eventual Super Bowl LII champion Philadelphia Eagles. Draft trades The Vikings' preliminary preseason schedule was announced on April 11. Notes The Vikings began the 2018", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10279279", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Minnesota Vikings\"\nNorth champions for the 17th time and for the first time since 2000 (when it was called the NFC Central). But the ensuing playoff match with Philadelphia turned into a disaster when Brad Childress decided to pull Gus Frerotte and replace him as starting QB with Tarvaris Jackson despite frantic protests from the team. Jackson performed poorly and the Eagles won it 26–14. After his March 2008 retirement from Green Bay, Brett Favre decided to return to action that summer and was traded to the New York Jets by his former team. The trade included a clause that would have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_310	who produced a change is gonna come?	n/a	[ "Hugo & Luigi" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10504383", "chunk_text": "\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\nA Change Is Gonna Come \"\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\" is a song by American recording artist Sam Cooke. It initially appeared on Cooke's album \"\"Ain't That Good News\"\", released March 1, 1964 by RCA Victor; a slightly edited version of the recording was released as a single on December 22, 1964. Produced by Hugo & Luigi and arranged and conducted by René Hall, the song was the B-side to \"\"Shake\"\". The song was inspired by various personal events in Cooke's life, most prominently an event in which he and his entourage were turned away from a whites-only motel in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1800565", "chunk_text": "\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\non YouTube which has gone viral on Facebook and other social networking sites... The words “A change is gonna come” are on a wall of the Contemplative Court, a space for reflection in the Smithsonian's National Museum of African American History and Culture; the museum opened in 2016. A Change Is Gonna Come \"\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\" is a song by American recording artist Sam Cooke. It initially appeared on Cooke's album \"\"Ain't That Good News\"\", released March 1, 1964 by RCA Victor; a slightly edited version of the recording was released as a single on December 22, 1964.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12107556", "chunk_text": "\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\nmy knees.'\"\" \"\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\" was recorded on January 30, 1964, at RCA Studios in Hollywood, California. The engineer present was Wally Heider, and the session was conducted and arranged by René Hall. The musicians also recorded \"\"Falling in Love\"\" the same day. Credits adapted from the liner notes to the 2003 compilation \"\"\"\". Cooke first performed \"\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\" on \"\"The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson\"\" on February 7, 1964. Cooke’s new manager, Allen Klein, was infatuated with the song and persuaded Cooke to do away with promoting his most recent single, \"\"Ain't That Good", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18530399", "chunk_text": "\"A Long Time Coming (A Change Is Gonna Come)\"\nA Long Time Coming (A Change Is Gonna Come) A Long Time Coming (A Change Is Gonna Come) is the eighth album released by R&B singer Evelyn \"\"Champagne\"\" King on the RCA label in 1985. It was produced by Theodore Life, Hawk, René & Angela, Bobby Watson, Allen George, and Fred McFarlane. The album peaked at #38 on the R&B albums chart. It produced the hit singles \"\"Your Personal Touch\"\", \"\"High Horse\"\", and \"\"Slow Down\"\". The album was digitally remastered and reissued on CD with bonus tracks in 2008 by Blue Bird Records and again in 2014 by Funky Town", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10985838", "chunk_text": "\"National Association for Children of Alcoholics (United Kingdom)\"\nclassic ‘A change is gonna come’ sung by Maria McAteer (daughter of Al Timothy) with piano and arrangement by Bjorn Dahlberg and strings by the Stanford Quartet. The music video for the single made by Sean Caveille was filmed in Bristol and featured Nacoa volunteers. National Association for Children of Alcoholics (United Kingdom) The National Association for Children of Alcoholics (Nacoa) is a charity in the United Kingdom providing information and support for everyone affected by their parent's drinking through a free, confidential telephone and email helpline. Nacoa is a registered charity in England and Wales - charity number 1009143.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12107554", "chunk_text": "\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\nroom; session player and close collaborator Earl Palmer was working next door and filled in for the song. Luigi Creatore asked Cooke to provide one more take, and the eighth take was \"\"nearly perfect.\"\" Luigi was very pleased with the song, considering it among his best, both very serious and still uniquely his own. Cooke had initially imagined that Luigi, first and foremost a pop hitmaker, would not respect the socially conscious song. Each verse is a different movement, with the horns carrying the first, the strings the second, and the timpani carrying the bridge. The French horn present in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5530387", "chunk_text": "\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\nhas come to America.\"\" A duet of the song by Bettye LaVette and Jon Bon Jovi was included in . In Washington DC, in the days leading up to the Inauguration of Barack Obama, this song could be heard played constantly in the city centre. In 2004, Patti LaBelle performed the song on the annual Nobel Peace Prize Concert to a standing ovation. Julian Casablancas, lead singer of popular rock band The Strokes, has cited \"\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\" as his favorite song of all time. In 2009, Aaron Neville, along with the Mt. Zion Mass Choir, released a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5530385", "chunk_text": "\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\nsong on their 2003 DVD \"\"Live at the Beacon Theatre\"\". Other notable artists who have covered the song include: In recent years, the song has served as a sample for rappers Ghostface Killah (1996), Ja Rule (2003), Papoose (2006), Lil Wayne (2007) \"\"Long Time Coming (remix)\"\" Charles Hamilton, Asher Roth, and B.o.B (2009), and Nas's It Was Written album also features a similar opening as the song. On their album The Reunion hip-hop artists Capone-N-Noreaga used an excerpt from the song on the opening track which shares the same title as the Cooke original. British soul singer Beverley Knight says", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5530382", "chunk_text": "\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\nSam Cooke was fatally shot at a Los Angeles motel. \"\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\" became an anthem for the Civil Rights Movement, and is widely considered Cooke's best composition. Over the years, the song has garnered significant praise and, in 2005, was voted number 12 by representatives of the music industry and press in \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" magazine's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, and voted number 3 in the webzine Pitchfork Media's The 200 Greatest Songs of the 60s. The song is also among three hundred songs deemed the most important ever recorded by National Public Radio (NPR) and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13319484", "chunk_text": "\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\nboth felt it would become a milestone moment in Cooke's career, but it was overshadowed by the Beatles' performance on \"\"The Ed Sullivan Show\"\" on CBS just two days later. The song was issued on March 1 as a track on Cooke's album \"\"Ain't That Good News\"\". It would not be issued as a single for another nine months. Cooke elected not to perform \"\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\" again in his lifetime, both because of the complexity of the arrangement and because of the ominous nature of the song. When shown to his protégé Bobby Womack, his response was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4929434", "chunk_text": "\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\nmoved that such a poignant song about racism in America could come from someone who was not black, and was also ashamed he had not yet written something like that himself. However, his image and fears of losing his largely white fan base prevented him from doing so. Cooke loved the song so much it was immediately incorporated into his repertoire. Following Christmas 1963, Cooke invited J.W. Alexander to his home to preview a new song he had just written, one Cooke was very excited about. When he arrived, Cooke ran through the number on his guitar twice, the second", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18530400", "chunk_text": "\"A Long Time Coming (A Change Is Gonna Come)\"\nGrooves Records. The latter was issued on two CDs, adding the non-LP track \"\"Take A Chance\"\" (the b-side of both the 7\"\" and 12\"\" versions of \"\"High Horse\"\") and \"\"Give It Up\"\" from the soundtrack of the film \"\"Fright Night\"\", which was also released as a single in 1985. A Long Time Coming (A Change Is Gonna Come) A Long Time Coming (A Change Is Gonna Come) is the eighth album released by R&B singer Evelyn \"\"Champagne\"\" King on the RCA label in 1985. It was produced by Theodore Life, Hawk, René & Angela, Bobby Watson, Allen George, and Fred", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12107553", "chunk_text": "\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\narrangement, but this was the first occasion in which Hall was granted complete control of the eventual arrangement, and he composed it as he would a movie score, with lush, symphonic strings. \"\"I wanted it to be the greatest thing in my [life]—I spent a lot of time, put out a lot of ideas, and then changed them and rearranged them,\"\" said Hall. Cooke was well known as a perfectionist and \"\"control freak\"\" in the recording studio, so giving Hall total latitude was unprecedented. AFO drummer John Boudreaux was intimidated by the orchestral arrangement and refused to leave the control", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12107548", "chunk_text": "\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\nLouisiana. Cooke felt compelled to write a song that spoke to his struggle and of those around him, and that pertained to the Civil Rights Movement and African Americans. The song contains the refrain, \"\"It's been a long time coming, but I know a change is gonna come.\"\" Though only a modest hit for Cooke in comparison with his previous singles, \"\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\" is widely considered Cooke's best composition and has been voted among the best songs ever released by various publications. In 2007, the song was selected for preservation in the Library of Congress, with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1134394", "chunk_text": "\"Chariot (album)\"\nChariot (album) Chariot is the debut studio album by singer-songwriter Gavin DeGraw, first released in 2003 on J Records. It was re-released in 2004 as \"\"Chariot (Stripped)\"\", which included all of the original \"\"Chariot\"\" content as well as a bonus disc. The bonus material was \"\"stripped-down\"\" (made simply and with minimal instrumentation) studio recordings of all of the original songs, as well as a cover of Sam Cooke's \"\"Change is Gonna Come.\"\" The album was successful and was later certified Platinum in the United States. All songs written by Gavin DeGraw, except \"\"Change Is Gonna Come\"\" (for \"\"Stripped\"\" disc only)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20701339", "chunk_text": "\"A Change Is Gonna Come (Grey's Anatomy)\"\nbreakup, and realize that they cannot reconcile. However, the two engage in sexual intercourse, as a manner to express their mutual feelings for the last time. O'Malley comes to the realization of his love for Stevens, and quickly discloses to her that he shares her romantic feelings. \"\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\" was written by series creator and executive producer Shonda Rhimes, whereas filmmaker and series veteran Rob Corn served as the director. The soundtrack used in the episode included Mat Kearney's \"\"Breathe In, Breathe Out\"\", I'm from Barcelona's \"\"Oversleeping\"\", Meiko's \"\"Reasons to Love You\"\" and Cinematic Orchestra's \"\"To Build", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1134395", "chunk_text": "\"Chariot (album)\"\nby Sam Cooke. Chariot (album) Chariot is the debut studio album by singer-songwriter Gavin DeGraw, first released in 2003 on J Records. It was re-released in 2004 as \"\"Chariot (Stripped)\"\", which included all of the original \"\"Chariot\"\" content as well as a bonus disc. The bonus material was \"\"stripped-down\"\" (made simply and with minimal instrumentation) studio recordings of all of the original songs, as well as a cover of Sam Cooke's \"\"Change is Gonna Come.\"\" The album was successful and was later certified Platinum in the United States. All songs written by Gavin DeGraw, except \"\"Change Is Gonna Come\"\" (for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20063178", "chunk_text": "\"Tha Cornaboyz\"\nEdge record led to more opportunities for the Boyz including the 2005 Grammy nominated single \"\"New Day\"\" on Patti LaBelle's album Timeless Journey; \"\"I'm Gon' Change\"\" and \"\"I Wish\"\" on the #1 Omarion album \"\"O\"\". Tha Cornaboyz Tha Corna Boyz is an Atlanta-based production team: Pierre \"\"The Maven\"\" Medor, Daniel Moore, Dwayne Nesmith & Tyrrell Bing. Pierre Medor and Dwayne Nesmith Pierre and Dwayne, aka production team The Corna Boyz, met at the Hartt School of Music at the University of Connecticut in 1999. Both music majors, their chemistry was apparent and soon the two began collaborating as a team.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5530384", "chunk_text": "\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\nAlthough the song was featured prominently in the 1992 film \"\"Malcolm X\"\", it could not be included in the film's soundtrack. By 2003, however, the disputes had been settled in time for the song to be included on the remastered version of \"\"Ain't That Good News\"\", as well as the Cooke anthology \"\"Portrait of a Legend\"\". A live rendition was included in the soundtrack to the 2001 Michael Mann film \"\"Ali\"\". James Taylor recorded a version specially for an episode of the same title of the television drama \"\"The West Wing\"\". The Allman Brothers Band captured their performance of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11440915", "chunk_text": "\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\nHe grabbed it out of the air and it came to him whole, despite the fact that in many ways it's probably the most complex song that he wrote. It was both singular — in the sense that you started out, 'I was born by the river' — but it also told the story both of a generation and of a people.\"\" Cooke handed the song to his arranger René Hall, with no specific instructions as to what he personally wanted, but to give it “the kind of instrumentation and orchestration that it demanded.” Previously, the duo had collaborated on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4929446", "chunk_text": "\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\nversion of the song “A Change Is Gonna Come” on the compilation album \"\"\"\". \"\"American Idol\"\" creator/producer Simon Fuller selected the song for contestant Adam Lambert to sing in the season 8 finale in May, 2009. It was also covered by season 9 semifinalist Lilly Scott in March 2010. In 2010, one of the finalists of the British \"\"The X Factor\"\", Rebecca Ferguson, sang the song for her audition, impressing judges Simon Cowell, Louis Walsh and guest judge Nicole Scherzinger. The song was performed in the 2011 Miss America Pageant by Miss Kentucky, Djuan Trent. In 2011, jazz group Afro-Blue", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "539984", "chunk_text": "\"René Hall\"\n\"\"Hippy Hippy Shake\"\" (Chan Romero), and \"\"Dizzy Miss Lizzy\"\" (Larry Williams). He also released numerous recordings as both René Hall and the René Hall Orchestra. Hall arranged some of Sam Cooke's best-known recordings including the 1964 song, \"\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\", in which Hall devised a dramatic arrangement with a symphonic overture for strings, kettledrum, and French horn. He also prepared arrangements for many of Motown's most successful artists including The Impressions and Marvin Gaye. Rene also was an advocate for up and coming new groups. He came into Bill Withers' Tiki Studios in San Jose and worked out", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13319483", "chunk_text": "\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\nNews\"\", and perform \"\"Change\"\" instead, feeling that that was the statement he needed to make before a national audience. Cooke objected, noting that the album’s release was a month away and that he had no time to pull together an arrangement within such a short time frame. Klein arranged for RCA to pay for a full string section and Cooke performed the song that Friday on \"\"The Tonight Show\"\" after performing \"\"Basin Street\"\". An NBC timekeeper logged down the number as \"\"It's a Long Time Coming,\"\" but the network did not save the tape of the performance. Klein and Alexander", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5530389", "chunk_text": "\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\nperformed the song on \"\"The Sing-off\"\" by request of the judges. The same year, Everlast recorded a version of the song for his album Songs of the Ungrateful Living. Maverick Sabre covered the song on his 2012 album \"\"Lonely Are the Brave\"\" On January 1, 2012, the song was the last single to be played on the New Zealand radio station Solid Gold FM before the station rebranded. On June 1, 2013 Beyoncé Knowles sang the song during The Sound of Change Live concert in London, as part of Chime for Change, an organization which supports total equality between women", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1718894", "chunk_text": "\"Scott Billington\"\n\"\"Red\"\" Tyler (Design, Producer) 1986 A Change Is Gonna Come, Solomon Burke (Design, Producer) Heritage, Alvin \"\"Red\"\" Tyler (Design, Producer) The New Rules, Irma Thomas (Design, Producer) Wolf Tracks, Walter \"\"Wolfman\"\" Washington (Design, Producer) After Dark, Johnny Adams (Design, Producer) Hot Tamale Baby, Marcia Ball (Design, Producer) Live: Mardi Gras in Montreux, The Dirty Dozen Brass Band (Editing, Mixing) Nothin' But the Truth, Sleepy LaBeef (Design, Harmonica, Producer, Background Vocals) 1985 Too Hot to Handle, Duke Robillard (Percussion, Piano, Producer) Waitin' for My Ya Ya, Buckwheat Zydeco Ils Sont Partis Band (Design, Producer) GRAMMY® NOMINEE From the Heart, Johnny Adams", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5530377", "chunk_text": "\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\nbecause I'm Sam Cooke.\"\" When they eventually persuaded Cooke to leave, the group drove away calling out insults and blaring their horns. When they arrived at the Castle Motel on Sprague Street downtown, the police were waiting for them, arresting them for disturbing the peace. \"\"The New York Times\"\" ran an AP report the following day headlined \"\"Negro Band Leader Held in Shreveport,\"\" but African-Americans were outraged, leading to the creation of a myth surrounding the incident, exaggerating parts of the story and fabricating others. In addition, upon hearing Bob Dylan's \"\"Blowin' in the Wind\"\" in 1963, Cooke was greatly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12107549", "chunk_text": "\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\nNational Recording Registry deeming the song \"\"culturally, historically, or aesthetically important.\"\" On October 8, 1963, en route to Shreveport, Louisiana, Cooke called ahead to the Holiday Inn North to make reservations for his wife, Barbara, and himself, but when he and his group arrived, the desk clerk glanced nervously and explained there were no vacancies. While his brother Charles protested, Sam was fuming, yelling to see the manager and refusing to leave until he received an answer. His wife nudged him, attempting to calm him down, telling him, \"\"They'll kill you,\"\" to which he responded, \"\"They ain't gonna kill me,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7521472", "chunk_text": "\"There'll Be Some Changes Made\"\nThere'll Be Some Changes Made \"\"There'll Be Some Changes Made\"\" (\"\"Changes\"\") is a popular song by Benton Overstreet (composer) and Billy Higgins (lyricist). Published in 1921, the song has flourished in several genres, particularly jazz, for years. The song has endured for as many years as a jazz standard. According to the online \"\"The Jazz Discography\"\" (an index of jazz-only recordings), \"\"Changes\"\" has been recorded 404 times (as of May 2018). The song and its record debut was revolutionary, in that (i) the songwriters (Overstreet and Higgins, both aged of ), the original copyright publisher, Harry Herbert Pace, (iii) the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19790600", "chunk_text": "\"It Was Written\"\nclothes, cars, liquor and guns.\"\" Nas also references lines from his previous material, a common element in his music that has been analyzed by one music writer as \"\"return[ing] to his professional beginnings in those references.\"\" The album opens with \"\"Album Intro\"\" in which a slave rebellion is heard, and it contains samples of Sam Cooke's \"\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\" (1964) and The Lost Generation's \"\"The Sly, the Slick, and the Wicked\"\" (1970). () The opening song \"\"The Message\"\" features production by the Trackmasters, Poke & Tone, and scratching from Kid Capri. One critic described the song as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13319485", "chunk_text": "\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\nthat it sounds \"\"like death.\"\" Cooke responded, \"\"Man, that's kind of how it sounds like to me. That's why I'm never going to play it in public.\"\" Womack clarified his thoughts, that it wasn’t deathly, but rather \"\"spooky,\"\" but Cooke never performed the song again. In December, \"\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\" was prepared for single release, with the verse and chorus preceding the bridge (\"\"I go to the movies…\"\") deleted for radio airplay. The civil rights movement picked up on \"\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\" with near immediacy. On December 11, 1964, two weeks before the song was released,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4895133", "chunk_text": "\"The Baby Huey Story: The Living Legend\"\ntracks that had been recorded previously and managed to gather up enough for the album's release. It is quite likely that some of the tracks feature Curtom Records session men and not the Babysitters as Mayfield wanted to sign Ramey and not the rest of the band. Noteworthy tracks include a \"\"massive psychedelic rendition\"\" of Sam Cooke's A Change is Gonna Come. A quarter century after its release, \"\"The Baby Huey Story\"\" went on to become a cult classic among soul musicians and hip-hop fans. Its single \"\"Hard Times\"\" in particular has been sampled many times, by artists such as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7714574", "chunk_text": "\"Music of the United States\"\nin music at the time. One of Cooke's most well-known songs \"\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\" (1964) became accepted as a classic and an anthem of the American Civil Rights Movement during the 1960s. According to AllMusic, James Brown was critical, through \"\"the gospel-impassioned fury of his vocals and the complex polyrhythms of his beats\"\", in \"\"two revolutions in black American music. He was one of the figures most responsible for turning R&B into soul and he was, most would agree, the figure most responsible for turning soul music into the funk of the late '60s and early '70s.\"\" The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1645908", "chunk_text": "\"There'll Be Some Changes Made\"\nalbum \"\"Neck and Neck\"\" — a parody version that references the Dire Straits song \"\"Money for Nothing\"\" Television Feature films Shorts Stage Edward B. Marks Corporation was the publisher of \"\"There'll Be Some Changes Made.\"\" The sheet music cover design, artwork by Irving Politzer (1898–1972), featured portraits of performers who had recorded the song. Those appearing on covers include Marion Harris, Ruth Etting, and Benny Goodman. Some sheet music covers, even 1st editions, included the subtitle, in parentheses, \"\"Philosophic Blues.\"\" There'll Be Some Changes Made \"\"There'll Be Some Changes Made\"\" (\"\"Changes\"\") is a popular song by Benton Overstreet (composer) and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8859587", "chunk_text": "\"It's All About to Change\"\nIt's All About to Change It's All About To Change is the second studio album by American country singer Travis Tritt, released on Warner Bros. Records in 1991. The tracks \"\"The Whiskey Ain't Workin'\"\", \"\"Nothing Short of Dying\"\", \"\"Anymore\"\", and \"\"Here's a Quarter (Call Someone Who Cares)\"\" were released as singles; \"\"Bible Belt\"\" also charted from unsolicited airplay. \"\"Anymore\"\" was the second single of Tritt's career to reach Number One on the Hot Country Songs charts. Overall, this is Tritt's highest-certified album; with sales of over three million copies in the U.S., it has been certified 3× Platinum by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13107626", "chunk_text": "\"Michael Thompson (guitarist)\"\nwritten by another \"\"How Long\"\" collaborator, Mark Spiro. A cover of a Sam Cooke song, \"\"A Change is Gonna Come\"\", featuring Bobby Womack on vocals, peaked at #2 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles. Thompson's abilities and sensibilities are so trusted that \"\"BT\"\" magazine noted in its 2001 \"\"Platinum Touch\"\" cover story on Thompson that \"\"These days, many artists and producers just drop their tapes off at Thompson's home studio and let him add whatever he wants. It is a convenient, low-pressure way to work, but Thompson says he still loves to interact with other musicians at the big", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13480641", "chunk_text": "\"Jana Mashonee\"\nthese songs in an emotional and intimate performance at Carnegie Hall in New York. \"\"New Moon Born\"\" took Jana in a new direction, steeped in R&B and gospel roots, which brought her back to mainstream attention. She debuted the featured track, an emotional cover of Sam Cooke’s classic, \"\"A Change Is Gonna Come,\"\" at the American Indian Inaugural Ball for President Obama. This was her second performance for a First Family. A year earlier she sang at the First Lady’s Luncheon for Laura Bush. The song went on to win her an eighth Nammy for Song of the Year and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1193790", "chunk_text": "\"Change (band)\"\nChange (band) Change is an Italian-American post-disco group formed in Bologna, Italy, in 1979 by businessman and executive producer Jacques Fred Petrus (1949–1987) and Mauro Malavasi (born 1957). They were heavily influenced by legendary disco band Chic. The current incarnation of the group reformed in 2018. Change was initially formed in early 1979 as a studio-band with a revolving cast of musicians, led by businessman and executive producer Jacques Fred Petrus, with the majority of song-writing and production carried out by Mauro Malavasi and Davide Romani. The band’s dual Italian and American identity was a result of a production system", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17740128", "chunk_text": "\"Shape of Things to Come (George Benson album)\"\nShape of Things to Come (George Benson album) Shape of Things to Come is a 1969 studio album by American guitarist George Benson, arranged by Don Sebesky. It was his first album for A&M Records and his first album to be produced by Creed Taylor, who would remain his producer until 1976. After four years and three different labels, Benson signed with the A&M/CTI label in 1968. He was to be the replacement for their star Wes Montgomery, who had died earlier in the year. For his first album with the label, producer Taylor brought in all of the labels", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "460347", "chunk_text": "\"Private Dancer\"\nthe B.E.F. (British Electric Foundation)/Heaven 17 production team and part of their collaborative 1982 album \"\"Music of Quality and Distinction Volume One\"\" was not included on the \"\"Private Dancer\"\" album. A recording of Sam Cooke's \"\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\" from the same sessions would re-appear in remixed form on B.E.F.'s \"\"Music of Quality and Distinction Volume Two\"\" in 1991. \"\"Help!\"\" was recorded with The Crusaders. The album was released on 29 May 1984 and became an outstanding commercial success. \"\"Private Dancer\"\" has been certified 5 × Platinum (5 million) in the United States and sold around 250,000 copies each", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20036436", "chunk_text": "\"For a Change\"\nFor a Change \"\"For a Change\"\" is a song written by John Scott Sherrill and Steve Seskin, and recorded by American country music artist Neal McCoy. It was released in December 1994 as the first single from his album \"\"You Gotta Love That\"\". The song reached number 3 on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and peaked at number 8 on the \"\"RPM\"\" Country Tracks in Canada. The music video was directed by Marc Ball and premiered in December 1994. \"\"For a Change\"\" debuted at number 73 on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5530383", "chunk_text": "\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\nwas recently selected by the Library of Congress as one of twenty-five selected recordings to the National Recording Registry as of March 2007. The song is currently ranked as the 46th greatest song of all time, as well as the third best song of 1964, by Acclaimed Music. NPR called the song \"\"one of the most important songs of the civil rights era.\"\" Despite its acclaim, legal troubles have haunted the single since its release. A dispute between Cooke's music publisher, ABKCO, and record company, RCA Records, made the recording unavailable for much of the four decades since its release.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17898137", "chunk_text": "\"Change (Charlie Puth song)\"\nChange (Charlie Puth song) \"\"Change\"\" is a song recorded by American singer Charlie Puth, featuring guest vocals from American singer-songwriter James Taylor. Written by Ross Golan and its producers Puth and Johan Carlsson, it debuted during Puth's performance at March for Our Lives, and was released commercially for digital download on March 26, 2018, as the fourth single from his second studio album, \"\"Voicenotes\"\" (2018). Puth first revealed the song in an interview with Zane Lowe on his Beats 1 radio show. \"\"This song is called 'Change' and I'm actually gonna play it, they're doing March for Our Lives this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9960490", "chunk_text": "\"Jeff Bova\"\nof Music and the Manhattan School of Music. Although he also had arranging and composition lessons by trumpet legend Maury Deutsch, he would choose to specialize in keyboards instead. After leaving college he participated in a Connecticut-based jazz fusion band called \"\"Flying Island\"\" and later on he moved back to New York to find a place into the R&B group Change (from 1982 to 1984). In 1983, and after having worked with Nona Hendryx, he met avant-garde bassist and record producer Bill Laswell, who was set to produce Herbie Hancock's \"\"Future Shock\"\" (the first part of the latter's \"\"techno-funk\"\" trilogy).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20761656", "chunk_text": "\"Change (J. Cole song)\"\nChange (J. Cole song) \"\"Change\"\" is a song by American rapper J. Cole, released on December 9, 2016 from his fourth studio album, \"\"4 Your Eyez Only\"\". \"\"Change\"\" was recorded at the Sheltuh in North Carolina and Electric Lady Studios in New York City. The song was produced by Cole himself, with additional production from Ron Gilmore, and additional arrangement by Elite. The song also features background vocals from Dreamville signee, Ari Lennox. It also features samples from M.anifest's song, Big Sixes. The narrative follows the story of Cole's friend who was killed at the age of 22. In the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "384904", "chunk_text": "\"Portrait of a Legend: 1951–1964\"\nChange Is Gonna Come\"\". The compilation is generally considered the most complete and comprehensive collection of Cooke's work. It has been included on various \"\"best-of\"\" lists by music publications, including \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" and \"\"Time\"\". Biographer Peter Guralnick, author of Cooke's biography \"\"Dream Boogie\"\" and the liner notes for the disc, writes: \"\"For an overview of Sam's career, from his gospel beginnings through \"\"A Change Is Gonna Come,\"\" nothing can compare to \"\"Portrait of a Legend\"\" which serves as a guide to Sam at his very best.\"\" The BBC's Alwyn Turner writes, \"\"With perfect sound quality, and with sleeve-notes by Peter", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5530386", "chunk_text": "\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\nthe song is her all-time favorite and has performed it live many a time; most notably on 'Later with Jools Holland'. On May 6, 2008, during the seventh season of \"\"American Idol\"\", the song was sung by contestant Syesha Mercado as the remaining top 4. It was also sung by Joshua Ledet during the Top 7 episode of season 11 (2012), for which he received a standing ovation from the audience. After winning the 2008 United States presidential election, Barack Obama referred to the song, stating to his supporters in Chicago, \"\"It's been a long time coming, but tonight, change", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19833689", "chunk_text": "\"Ain't That Good News (album)\"\nexception of \"\"Another Saturday Night\"\", which had been released as a single early in the previous year, \"\"Ain't That Good News\"\" comprised the first material that Cooke had recorded in the six months following the drowning death of his 18-month-old son Vincent. As the first album that Cooke recorded and released under his new contract with RCA, \"\"Ain't That Good News\"\" reached #34 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Pop Albums chart. The album is most memorable for Cooke's most well-known and signature song \"\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\". Though only a modest hit for Cooke in comparison with his previous singles, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14247353", "chunk_text": "\"We're a Winner\"\nin the Impressions' homebase of Chicago, Illinois. Although the Impressions had previously released inspiration singles such as \"\"People Get Ready\"\", \"\"Keep on Pushing\"\", and \"\"Amen\"\", those songs were more general and often more directly rooted in gospel music than \"\"We're a Winner\"\". Only a few other previous singles by other mainstream popular artists - most notably Sam Cooke's posthumous release \"\"A Change is Gonna Come\"\" - had attempted to directly address racial politics in America. \"\"We're a Winner\"\", included on a 1968 Impressions LP of the same name, became a virtual anthem for the Civil Rights Movement, and its success", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18046172", "chunk_text": "\"Omen (record producer)\"\nOmen (record producer) Sidney Brown (born August 21, 1976), better known as Omen is an American music producer from Harlem. He has produced for artists such as Drake, Beyoncé, Action Bronson, Lil Wayne, Ludacris, Fabolous, Vado, Memphis Bleek, Redman, Keith Murray, Immortal Technique, and Amil. Omen's production was featured on early Roc-A-Fella releases by Memphis Bleek and Amil. Omen produced \"\"Everybody\"\" from Memphis Bleek's debut album \"\"Coming of Age\"\" and \"\"No 1 Can Compare\"\" from Amil's debut album \"\"All Money Is Legal\"\". Further placements include \"\"Change Your or Change Me\"\" and \"\"Why Wouldn't I\"\" from Fabolous's \"\"Street Dreams\"\", \"\"Taste This\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20677480", "chunk_text": "\"Donnie Williams\"\nBaptist Church in Baton Rouge with a rendition of the Winans' \"\"He Set Me Free.\"\" At school, he and his sister Terrell, won first place in a talent show singing Bobby Brown and Whitney Houston's \"\"Something in Common.\"\" He made his nightclub debut at age 15 singing Sam Cooke's \"\"A Change Is Gonna Come\"\" at Raful Neal's blues bar in Baton Rouge. Before relocating to the Bay Area city of Livermore in 2000 with his mother and his four siblings, Williams made his recording debut singing hooks on a CD by the Baton Rouge hip-hop group Smoke Click. In Oakland,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_311	how long are the episodes in stranger things season 1?	n/a	[ "42–62 minutes" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7096027", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\nBrothers developed the series as a mix of investigative drama alongside supernatural elements portrayed with childlike sensibilities. They established its time frame in the 1980s and created a homage to the pop culture of that decade. Several themes and directorial aspects were inspired and aesthetically informed by the works of Steven Spielberg, John Carpenter, and Stephen King, among others, including several films, anime and video games. The first season of eight episodes premiered on Netflix on July 15, 2016. It received critical acclaim for its characterization, pacing, atmosphere, acting, soundtrack, directing, writing, and homages to 1980s genre films. The second", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17960962", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\n12. The first season consisted of eight one-hour-long episodes which were released worldwide on Netflix on July 15, 2016, in Ultra HD 4K. The second season, consisting of nine episodes, was released on October 27, 2017 in HDR. A teaser for the second season, which also announced the release date, aired during Super Bowl LI. The third season will once again consist of eight episodes, and is set to be released in 2019. Regarding the lengthy hiatus between the second and third seasons, Netflix programming executive Cindy Holland noted \"\"[the Duffer Brothers and Shawn Levy] understand the stakes are high.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7096028", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\nseason, consisting of nine episodes, was released on October 27, 2017. In December 2017, Netflix ordered a third season, which began production in April 2018 and will consist of eight episodes, and is set to be released in 2019. The Duffer Brothers have said that \"\"Stranger Things\"\" is likely to end after its fourth or fifth season. The series has received 31 Emmy Award nominations, including for Outstanding Drama Series, four Golden Globe Award nominations, and won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2016. \"\"Stranger Things\"\" is set in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6647076", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\nseason of nine episodes, to be released in 2017. The Duffer Brothers revealed that the series had been renewed for a second season before the first premiered. Regarding the decision to wait more than a month after the first season premiered to announce the renewal, Matt Duffer said, \"\"it actually ended up working because it had built up to this fever pitch. I guess that's what [Netflix] were intending to do all the time.\"\" The Duffer Brothers wrote the second season to make the combined first and second season feel like a complete work, but setting elements in place to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6647126", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\nwho watched at least one episode of the season. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave the first season an approval rating of 96% based on 82 reviews, and a weighted average rating of 8.04/10. The site's critical consensus states, \"\"Exciting, heartbreaking, and sometimes scary, \"\"Stranger Things\"\" acts as an addictive homage to Spielberg films and vintage 1980s television.\"\" Review aggregator Metacritic gave the first season a normalized score of 76 out of 100 based on 34 critics, indicating \"\"generally favorable reviews\"\". IGN gave the score of 8 out of 10 and called the series \"\"Great\"\", saying \"\"\"\"Stranger Things\"\" is an easy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7096029", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\nfictional rural town of Hawkins, Indiana, during the early 1980s. The nearby Hawkins National Laboratory ostensibly performs scientific research for the United States Department of Energy, but secretly does experiments into the paranormal and supernatural, including those that involve human test subjects. Inadvertently, they have created a portal to an alternate dimension called \"\"the Upside Down\"\". The influence of the Upside Down starts to affect the unknowing residents of Hawkins in calamitous ways. The first season begins in November 1983, when Will Byers is abducted by a creature from the Upside Down. His mother, Joyce, and the town's police chief,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7096025", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\nStranger Things Stranger Things is an American science fiction-horror web television series created, written, and directed by the Duffer Brothers and released on Netflix. The Duffer Brothers, Shawn Levy, and Dan Cohen serve as executive producers. The first season stars Winona Ryder, David Harbour, Finn Wolfhard, Millie Bobby Brown, Gaten Matarazzo, Caleb McLaughlin, Natalia Dyer, Charlie Heaton, Cara Buono, and Matthew Modine, with Noah Schnapp and Joe Keery in recurring roles. For the second season, Schnapp and Keery were made series regulars, along with the additions of Sadie Sink, Dacre Montgomery, Sean Astin, and Paul Reiser; Maya Hawke joined the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6647074", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\nStreet\"\" and \"\"Jaws\"\", in order to establish the tone of the series. With the critical success of the first season after its release in July 2016, speculation on a possible second season was raised. The Duffer Brothers initially intended for \"\"Stranger Things\"\" to either be a standalone miniseries or an anthology series. They also considered the possibility of setting a potential second season (which they referred to as a \"\"sequel\"\") in the early 1990s and featuring an older version of the characters, along with all new characters, who are drawn back to Hawkins after supernatural events begin occurring again. However,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1403167", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\nseveral video games including \"\"Silent Hill\"\", \"\"Dark Souls\"\" and \"\"The Last of Us\"\". The Duffer Brothers also believe that they may have brought influences from other works unintentionally, including \"\"Beyond the Black Rainbow\"\" and \"\"D.A.R.Y.L.\"\", discovered by reviewing fan feedback on the show. Several websites and publications have found other pop culture references in the show, particularly references to 1980s pop culture. With Netflix as the platform, the Duffer Brothers were not limited to a typical 22-episode format, opting for the eight-episode approach. They had been concerned that a 22-episode season on broadcast television would be difficult to \"\"tell a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7096044", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\naway,\"\" Matt Duffer stated that some of the titles would change, since there were some things \"\"we didn't want to put on there because we felt like it would give too much away,\"\" and because \"\"people are smart on the fucking internet\"\" with fan-created \"\"videos analyzing the chapter titles... right on a lot\"\" of how the titles related to the plot of the season. In early October 2017, the Duffer Brothers revealed the final titles for the first six episodes of the season. Levy noted in November 2016 that he and the Duffer Brothers had already begun planning a potential", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1403193", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\nso they created an animatronic to play the part of the demogorgon. However, the six-month filming time left them little time to plan out and test practical effects rigs for some of the shots. They went with a middle ground of using constructed props including one for the monster whenever they could, but for other shots, such as when the monster bursts through a wall, they opted to use digital effects. Post-production on the first season was completed the week before it was released to Netflix. The title sequence uses closeups of the letters in the \"\"Stranger Things\"\" title with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7096026", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\ncast for the third season. Set in the fictional town of Hawkins, Indiana, in the 1980s, the first season focuses on the investigation into the disappearance of a young boy amid supernatural events occurring around the town, including the appearance of a girl with psychokinetic abilities who helps the missing boy's friends in their own search. The second season, titled \"\"Stranger Things 2\"\", is set one year later, and deals with attempts of the characters to return to normality and consequences that linger from the first season. The third season, titled \"\"Stranger Things 3\"\", is set in mid-1985. The Duffer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17960964", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\nviewing by detecting a program's sound. According to Symphony, within the first 35 days of release, \"\"Stranger Things\"\" averaged ratings around 14.07 million adults between the ages 18–49 in the United States. This made it the third most-watched season of Netflix original content in the U.S. at the time behind the first season of \"\"Fuller House\"\" and fourth season of \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\". In a September 2016 analysis, Netflix found that \"\"Stranger Things\"\" \"\"hooked\"\" viewers by the second episode of the first season, indicating that the second episode was \"\"the first installment that led at least 70 percent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1403164", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\nhave greenlit the third season, consisting of eight episodes. Levy also confirmed that a fourth season was \"\"definitely happening\"\" and that there was potential for a fifth season. A year later, the episode titles for season three were revealed, along with confirming the season would be name \"\"Stranger Things 3\"\", similarly to the second season. The idea of \"\"Stranger Things\"\" started with how the brothers felt they could take the concept of the 2013 film \"\"Prisoners\"\", detailing the moral struggles a father goes through when his daughter is kidnapped, and expand it out over eight or so hours in a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1324789", "chunk_text": "\"The Duffer Brothers\"\nheartbreaking, and sometimes scary, \"\"Stranger Things\"\" acts as an addictive homage to Spielberg films and vintage 1980s television.\"\" On August 31, 2016, Netflix renewed the series for a second season of nine episodes, which were released on October 27, 2017. In December 2017, Netflix renewed the series for a third season of eight episodes, one less than the former season. In March 2018, the Duffer Brothers were accused of verbal abuse on the \"\"Stranger Things\"\" set by a grip who worked on the show. The crew member stated on social media that she would not return for Season 3 because", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17960963", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\nThey want to deliver something bigger and better than last year. I think it's going to be a fantastic season. It will be worth the wait.\"\" The first season of \"\"Stranger Things\"\" was released on a Blu-ray/DVD combo pack exclusively to Target retailers on October 17, 2017, and the same for the 4K/Blu-ray combo pack on November 15, 2017, both of which includes vintage CBS-FOX VHS-inspired packaging. As Netflix does not reveal subscriber viewership numbers for any of their original series, Symphony Technology Group compiled data for the season based on people using software on their phones that measures television", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1403168", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\ncinematic story\"\" with that many episodes. Eight episodes allowed them to give time to characterization in addition to narrative development; if they had less time available, they would have had to remain committed to telling a horror film as soon as the monster was introduced and abandon the characterization. Within the eight episodes, the brothers aimed to make the first season \"\"feel like a big movie\"\" with all the major plot lines completed so that \"\"the audience feels satisfied\"\", but left enough unresolved to indicate \"\"there's a bigger mythology, and there's a lot of dangling threads at the end\"\", something", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1403228", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\ncharacters to introduce its ARCore technology announced alongside its Pixel 2 phone in October 2017. \"\"Sesame Street\"\" created a young audience-appropriate spoof of \"\"Stranger Things\"\", called \"\"Sharing Things\"\", released in November 2017; it featured Cookie Monster as the \"\"Cookiegorgon\"\", Grover as Lucas, Ernie as Dustin, and included several nods to the narrative of the second season. Stranger Things Stranger Things is an American science fiction-horror web television series created, written, and directed by the Duffer Brothers and released on Netflix. The Duffer Brothers, Shawn Levy, and Dan Cohen serve as executive producers. The first season stars Winona Ryder, David Harbour,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17960974", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\nsophomore season balances moments of humor and a nostalgic sweetness against a growing horror that's all the more effective thanks to the show's full-bodied characters and evocative tone.\"\" On Metacritic, the second season has a normalized score of 78 out of 100, based on 33 critics, indicating \"\"generally favorable reviews\"\". The second season has also been recognized by \"\"Parrot Analytics\"\" as the most in-demand digital original series of the world in 2017 and is included in the 2019 edition of \"\"Guinness World Records\"\". Shortly after its release, \"\"Stranger Things\"\" gained a dedicated fanbase. One area of focus from these fans", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1403203", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\nand Dixon, consists of 34 songs and was released by Lakeshore Records in the United States and Invada Records internationally. The soundtrack was released on physical formats, such as compact disc, vinyl, and cassette as well. On the soundtrack's composition, Stein and Dixon together said that the score for the season introduces \"\"new styles of composition, while still revisiting old themes when appropriate ... We've created new elements that are necessary to support the story, but still want to remain true to the sound of Season 1.\"\" The first track from the soundtrack, \"\"Walkin' in Hawkins\"\", was released on October", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7096089", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\nas excerpts from Tangerine Dream, John Carpenter, and Vangelis. In particular, The Clash's \"\"Should I Stay or Should I Go\"\" was specifically picked to play at pivotal moments of the story, such as when Will is trying to communicate with Joyce from the Upside Down. \"\"Stranger Things\"\" original soundtrack, consisting of 75 songs from Stein and Dixon split across two volumes, was released by Lakeshore Records. Digital release and streaming options were released on August 10 and 19, 2016 for the two volumes, respectively, while retail versions were available on September 16 and 23, 2016. Limited editions of the soundtrack", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7096030", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\nJim Hopper, search for Will. At the same time, a young psychokinetic girl called Eleven escapes from the laboratory and assists Will's friends, Mike, Dustin, and Lucas, in their own efforts to find Will. The second season is set a year later, starting in October 1984. Will has been rescued, but few know of the details of the events. When it is discovered that Will is still being influenced by entities from the Upside Down, his friends and family learn there is a larger threat to their universe from the Upside Down. The third season is set a year later,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3569471", "chunk_text": "\"The Strangerhood\"\nreleased as daily episodes from September 29, to October 3, 2015. One morning in the near future, a group of assorted stereotypes awake in a strange town with no memory of who they are or where they came from. Their only clues come from the assorted labels that hold their names (Wade's name badge and Sam's underwear) and a mysteriously creepy voice issuing from their televisions. Over the course of the season, they endure many trials including an unusual reality show kitchen task, a murder mystery among their group, a secret affair and of course their own strange personalities before", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17960939", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\nin and around the Atlanta, Georgia area. The brothers, who grew up in North Carolina, found many places that reminded them of their own childhoods in that area, and felt the area would work well with the narrative shift to the fictional town of Hawkins, Indiana. The filming of the first season began in November 2015 and was extensively done in Atlanta, Georgia, with the Duffer Brothers and Levy handling the direction of individual episodes. Jackson served as the basis of the fictional town of Hawkins, Indiana. Other shooting locations included the Georgia Mental Health Institute as the Hawkins National", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17960931", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\nrole, Gaten Matarazzo as Dustin, Caleb McLaughlin as Lucas, Natalia Dyer as Nancy, and Charlie Heaton as Jonathan. In September 2015, Cara Buono joined the cast as Karen, followed by Matthew Modine as Martin Brenner a month later. Additional cast who recur for the first season include Noah Schnapp as Will, Shannon Purser as Barbara \"\"Barb\"\" Holland, Joe Keery as Steve Harrington, and Ross Partridge as Lonnie, among others. Actors auditioning for the children roles read lines from \"\"Stand By Me\"\". The Duffer Brothers estimated they went through about a thousand different child actors for the roles. They noted that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6647075", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\nfollowing the release of the first season, they realized that the likability of the characters – especially the children – was key to the series' success, and they decided to set the second season in 1984 and focus on the same characters. By the end of July, the Duffer Brothers had outlined a plan for such a season if it was green-lit, and Netflix's CEO Reed Hastings said in early August that the company \"\"would be dumb not to\"\" renew \"\"Stranger Things\"\" for a second season. On August 31, 2016, Netflix announced it had renewed \"\"Stranger Things\"\" for a second", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17960965", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\nof viewers who watched that episode to complete the entire first season of a show.\"\" In August 2017, the marketing analytics firm Jumpshot determined the season was the seventh-most viewed Netflix season in the first 30 days after it premiered, garnering slightly more than 20% of the viewers that the second season of \"\"Daredevil\"\" received, which was the most viewed season according to Jumpshot. Jumpshot, which \"\"analyzes click-stream data from an online panel of more than 100 million consumers\"\", looked at the viewing behavior and activity of the company's U.S. members, factoring in the relative number of U.S. Netflix viewers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17960982", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\nbooks for adults and young readers are expected to follow. Dark Horse Comics announced a partnership with Netflix for \"\"a multi-year publishing line\"\" of stories set in the \"\"Stranger Things\"\" world. The first title would be a four-issue miniseries written by Jody Houser and interior art by Stefani Martino. The story would be set during the events of season 1, showing Will's perspective throughout his time in the Upside Down. The first issue of the miniseries was released on September 26, 2018. Netflix and BonusXP developed a free mobile game tie-in for \"\"Stranger Things\"\", released to iOS and Android devices", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1403192", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\nfilm stock from the 1980s. The Duffer Brothers wanted to scare the audience, but not to necessarily make the show violent or gory, following in line with how the 1980s Amblin Entertainment films drove the creation of the PG-13 movie rating. It was \"\"much more about mood and atmosphere and suspense and dread than they are about gore\"\", though they were not afraid to push into more scary elements, particularly towards the end of the first season. The brothers had wanted to avoid any computer-generated effects for the monster and other parts of the series and stay with practical effects,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6647097", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\nand subsequent scripts incorporated aspects from these actors. The brothers said Modine provided significant input on the character of Dr. Brenner, whom they had not really fleshed out before as they considered him the hardest character to write for given his limited appearances within the narrative. In October 2016, it was announced that Schnapp and Keery had been promoted to the main cast for the second season, after each recurring in the first season, and that Sadie Sink and Dacre Montgomery would join the main cast as Max and Billy, respectively. Ryder, Harbour, Wolfhard, Brown, Matarazzo, McLaughlin, Dyer and Heaton", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6647106", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\nLaboratory site, Bellwood Quarry, Patrick Henry High School in Stockbridge, Georgia, for the middle and high school scenes, Emory University's Continuing Education Department, the former city hall in Douglasville, Georgia, the Georgia International Horse Park in Conyers, Georgia, the probate court in Butts County, Georgia, Old East Point Library and East Point First Baptist Church in East Point, Georgia, Fayetteville, Georgia, Stone Mountain Park, Palmetto, Georgia, and Winston, Georgia. Set work was done at Screen Gem Studios in Atlanta. The series was filmed with a Red Dragon digital camera. Filming for the first season concluded in early 2016. While filming,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1403212", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\nKing's early novels (a huge influence on the show's own opening credits) by heart.\"\" Emily Nussbaum of \"\"The New Yorker\"\" also applauded the series and wrote, \"\"This is astoundingly efficient storytelling, eight hours that pass in a blink, with even minor characters getting sharp dialogue, dark humor, or moments of pathos.\"\" Television critic Mary McNamara of \"\"Los Angeles Times\"\" said, \"\"For the most part, and in absolute defiance of the odds, \"\"Stranger Things\"\" honors its source material in the best way possible: By telling a sweet 'n' scary story in which monsters are real but so are the transformative powers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7096077", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\nwhile upgrading to the Red Weapon 8K S35 camera. The second season concluded filming on June 2, 2017. Filming for the third season officially began on April 23, 2018. Parts of filming in May 2018 were done at a re-dressed Gwinnett Place Mall near Duluth, Georgia to appear as the fictional \"\"Starcourt Mall\"\" in Hawkins, including recreating several 80s-era storefronts such as The Gap, Waldenbooks, and RadioShack within it. The third season concluded filming on November 12, 2018. To create the aged effect for the series, a film grain was added over the footage, which was captured by scanning in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7096033", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\ncentered around children as leading characters would not work, asking them to make it a children's show or to drop the children and focus on Hopper's investigation in the paranormal. In early 2015, Dan Cohen, the VP of 21 Laps Entertainment, brought the script to his colleague Shawn Levy. They subsequently invited the Duffer Brothers to their office and purchased the rights for the series, giving full authorship of it to the brothers. After reading the pilot, the streaming service Netflix purchased the whole season for an undisclosed amount; the show was subsequently announced for a planned 2016 release by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9458245", "chunk_text": "\"BoJack Horseman (season 1)\"\nBoJack Horseman (season 1) The first season of the animated television series \"\"BoJack Horseman\"\" premiered exclusively via Netflix's web streaming service on August 22, 2014. The season consists of 12 episodes. While the first half of the season received mixed reviews, the second half of the season received much more positive reviews. However, most review aggregates only considered the first half of the season, resulting in an overall mixed score. Ben Travers of IndieWire believed one possible reason for mixed reviews of the show was critics reviewing only the first half of the season, with the second half changing drastically", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6647071", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\nNetflix in early April 2015. The Duffer Brothers stated that at the time they had pitched to Netflix, the service had already gotten recognized for its original programming, such as \"\"House of Cards\"\" and \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\", with well-recognized producers behind them, and were ready to start giving upcoming producers like them a chance. The brothers started to write out the series and brought Levy and Cohen in as executive producers to start casting and filming. The series was originally known as \"\"Montauk\"\", as the setting of the script was in Montauk, New York and nearby Long Island", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17960938", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\n(later increased by $60,000); and Dyer, Heaton, and Keery would be receiving approximately $150,000 an episode. Brown's pay was not disclosed, but was estimated to be a bigger raise than her young counterparts. Some sources suggest she is at least making $250,000 and may be getting possibly between $300,000 and $350,000 per episode. The brothers had desired to film the series around the Long Island area to match the initial Montauk concept. However, with filming scheduled to take place in November 2015, it was difficult to shoot in Long Island in the cold weather, and the production started scouting locations", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17960945", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\nto the other families; in this case, while the costume department did distress the outfits for all the characters, they spent more time for Will's clothes compared to Mike's. Frequently, they needed to create outfits for the kids themselves since many were still growing during the time of filming, and could not readily acquire period fashion across a range of sizes. Director of photography Tim Ives shot the first season with Leica lens and the 6K Red Scarlet Dragon to \"\"make sure that our images had the soft and round tones that are in '80s films\"\"; this is achieved through", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3569470", "chunk_text": "\"The Strangerhood\"\nfrom Rooster Teeth Productions. It is preceded by \"\"Red vs. Blue: The Blood Gulch Chronicles\"\" and followed by \"\"PANICS\"\". The series is a parody of popular culture, namely television shows such as \"\"Desperate Housewives\"\", \"\"Lost\"\", \"\"24\"\", and \"\"American Idol\"\". The episodes are released online at the Rooster Teeth and official \"\"The Sims 2\"\" websites, and a DVD of the first season was released on May 5, 2006, available from GameStop stores in the United States and online worldwide. The second season was a stretch goal for the Lazer Team's indiegogo crowdfunding campaign. Season two consists of four episodes and was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1347631", "chunk_text": "\"BoJack Horseman (season 1)\"\nreason for mixed reviews of the show was critics reviewing only the first half of the season, with the second half changing drastically in tone and developing a darker and deeper meaning. This change was so drastic it resulted in Indiewire changing its policy to only review entire seasons of shows on Netflix, instead of just the first six episodes, which would have boosted \"\"BoJack Horseman\"\"'s C+ grade. BoJack Horseman (season 1) The first season of the animated television series \"\"BoJack Horseman\"\" premiered exclusively via Netflix's web streaming service on August 22, 2014. The season consists of 12 episodes. While", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17406621", "chunk_text": "\"Carnivàle\"\nthe series proved unable to sustain these ratings in its second season, the series was cancelled. An intended six-season run was thus cut short by four seasons. In all, 24 episodes of \"\"Carnivàle\"\" were broadcast. In 2004 the series won five Emmys out of fifteen nominations. The show received numerous other nominations and awards between 2004 and 2006. The two seasons of \"\"Carnivàle\"\" take place in the Depression-era Dust Bowl between 1934 and 1935, and consist of two main plotlines that slowly converge. The first involves a young man with strange healing powers named Ben Hawkins (Nick Stahl), who joins", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17960973", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\nold story being marketed as homage and good, clean nostalgia, one has to wonder whether or not studios and content creators like the Duffer Brothers ever ask themselves whether or not the story they are telling is the one that should be told. What purpose does Stranger Things serve beyond reinforcing the status quo in the media landscape and perpetuating the dangerous delusion that things were better way back when?\"\" On Rotten Tomatoes, the second season has an approval rating of 94% based on 139 reviews, and an average rating of 7.8/10. The site's critical consensus states, \"\"\"\"Stranger Things\"\" slow-building", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5930812", "chunk_text": "\"Eleven (Stranger Things)\"\nIn the first season, Eleven escapes from Hawkins Laboratory and attempts to steal food from a local restaurant. She and the owner bond, but the owner calls social services. The responding social worker, who turns out to be a Hawkins Laboratory agent, kills the owner. Eleven flees before being taken once again. She is then found by Mike Wheeler (Finn Wolfhard), Dustin Henderson (Gaten Matarazzo) and Lucas Sinclair (Caleb McLaughlin), who are looking for their missing friend, Will Byers (Noah Schnapp). Mike allows Eleven to live in his basement. Fearing recapture, Eleven convinces Mike not to tell any adults about", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7096045", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\nthird season, saying, \"\"We are not gonna be caught off guard and we don't wanna be making stuff up like the day before we have to write it and make it, so we are definitely optimistic and we have started thinking ahead.\"\" The Duffer Brothers anticipate having about four to five seasons to work with, but do want to \"\"have a really finite ending\"\" while the show is still at a height of success, according to Matt, rather than letting it draw out indefinitely. In August 2017, the Duffer Brothers confirmed there would be a third season, with the likelihood", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12833862", "chunk_text": "\"Music of Stranger Things\"\nrework for the show while developing new music, principally with character motifs. The tracks produced by the duo were sent during production to The Duffers, who later labelled the demos as \"\"sketches\"\" due to Dixon and Stein's odd title choices (“Jupiter 8 Spirit Winds,” “Soakers Forum 3,” and “Lighting Candles and Eggy Pizza\"\" are among the most unique of the batch). A \"\"sketch\"\" that was originally titled \"\"Prophecy\"\" was later developed into the show's now-iconic theme. In all, just under 14 hours of music was produced for the show over the course of the year. Dixon and Stein had been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20499048", "chunk_text": "\"Dark (TV series)\"\nNielsen, Doppler, and Tiedemann families, and their lives start to crumble as the ties become evident between the missing children and the history of the town and its citizens. The first season takes place mainly in 2019 but includes stories set in 1986 and 1953, with several characters being portrayed at various ages by multiple actors. Netflix approved the series in February 2016 for a first season consisting of 10 one-hour episodes. Principal photography started on October 18, 2016 in and around Berlin and ended in March 2017. The series was filmed in 4K (Ultra HD) resolution. It is the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17960915", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\nof one more season following that, with Ross saying, \"\"We're thinking it will be a four-season thing and then out\"\". However, executive producer Shawn Levy later suggested that either four or five total seasons were possibilities, claiming that \"\"the truth is we're definitely going four seasons and there's very much the possibility of a fifth. Beyond that, it becomes I think very unlikely.\"\" Matt Duffer later commented that no official decision has been made, claiming that \"\"It's hard, like four seems short, five seems long. So I don't know what to do.\"\" In December 2017, Netflix officially confirmed that they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1408327", "chunk_text": "Stitchers\naired weekly from June 2, 2015 to August 4, 2015 for the first ten, plus a Halloween special \"\"When Darkness Falls\"\" on October 20, 2015. \"\"Stitchers\"\" has received mixed reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the first season holds a rating of 29%, based on 14 reviews. The site's critical consensus reads, \"\"Confusing and tonally inconsistent, \"\"Stitchers\"\" is neither campy enough to be fun nor intelligent enough to be compelling.\"\" On Metacritic, the first season has a score of 48 out of 100, based on 9 critics, indicating \"\"mixed or average reviews\"\". Internationally, the series premiered in Australia on FOX8", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17960946", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\ndigital image processing. Ives said that these cameras allow them to create an adaptable quality to the recorded film that is adaptable to a wide range of viewing experiences, including support for newer and future television technologies such as high dynamic range video that was just becoming adopted at the time of filming. Filming for the second season began on November 7, 2016, once again in and around the Atlanta Metro area. While parts of Season 2 were set in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, these were actually filmed in downtown Atlanta, with skylines of Pittsburgh added in post-production. Andrew Stanton, director of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1403194", "chunk_text": "\"Stranger Things\"\na red tint against a black background as they slide into place within the title. The sequence was created by the studio Imaginary Forces, formerly part of R/GA, led by creative director Michelle Doughtey. Levy introduced the studio to the Duffer Brothers, who explained their vision of the 1980s-inspired show, which helped the studio to fix the concept the producers wanted. Later, but prior to filming, the producers sent Imaginary Forces the pilot script, the synth-heavy background music for the titles, as well as the various book covers from King and other authors that they had used to establish the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_312	where will the first round of march madness be played?	n/a	[ "Wichita State University", "Boise State University", "Duquesne University", "Big 12 Conference" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8997457", "chunk_text": "\"2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season\"\nin each tournament, with tiebreakers used as needed in the case of ties for the top seeding. The winners of these tournaments receive automatic invitations to the 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament. For this list, an \"\"upset\"\" is defined as a win by a team seeded 7 or more spots below its defeated opponent. After the NCAA Tournament field was announced, the NCAA invited 32 teams to participate in the National Invitation Tournament. The tournament began on March 13, 2018 with all games prior to the semifinals being played at campus sites. Played at Madison Square Garden in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12825115", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament was a 68-team single-elimination tournament to determine the men's National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college basketball national champion for the 2017–18 season. The 80th edition of the tournament began on March 13, 2018, and concluded with the championship game on April 2 at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas. During the first round, UMBC became the first 16-seed to defeat a 1-seed in the men's tournament by defeating Virginia 74–54. For the first time in tournament history, none of the four top seeded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11059619", "chunk_text": "\"2018 National Invitation Tournament\"\n2018 National Invitation Tournament The 2018 National Invitation Tournament was a single-elimination tournament of 32 NCAA Division I college men's basketball teams that were not selected to participate in the 2018 NCAA Tournament. The first three rounds of the annual tournament were played on campus sites (the host team being the higher seeded team). The semifinals and championship game were held at Madison Square Garden in New York City. In February 2018, the NCAA approved a number of experimental rule changes for use in this tournament: The following teams were guaranteed berths into the 2018 NIT field by having the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19520416", "chunk_text": "\"2017 National Invitation Tournament\"\nexclusive television rights. Games were telecast on ESPN, ESPN2, ESPNU, or ESPN3. Westwood One had exclusive radio rights to the semifinals and the championship. 2017 National Invitation Tournament The 2017 National Invitation Tournament was a single-elimination tournament of 32 NCAA Division I Teams that were not selected to participate in the 2017 NCAA Tournament. The annual tournament was played on campus sites in the first three rounds (the host team being the team with the higher seeding), with the semifinals and championship game being held at Madison Square Garden in New York City. The tournament began on Tuesday, March 14", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12825117", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\nEight teams (the four lowest-seeded automatic qualifiers and the four lowest-seeded at-large teams) played in the First Four (the successor to what had been popularly known as \"\"play-in games\"\" through the 2010 tournament). The winners of these games advanced to the main draw of the tournament. The Selection Committee seeded the entire field from 1 to 68. The following sites were selected to host each round of the 2018 tournament: First Four First and Second Rounds Regional Semifinals and Finals (Sweet Sixteen and Elite Eight) National Semifinals and Championship (Final Four and Championship) For the fourth time, the Alamodome and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19520414", "chunk_text": "\"2017 National Invitation Tournament\"\n2017 National Invitation Tournament The 2017 National Invitation Tournament was a single-elimination tournament of 32 NCAA Division I Teams that were not selected to participate in the 2017 NCAA Tournament. The annual tournament was played on campus sites in the first three rounds (the host team being the team with the higher seeding), with the semifinals and championship game being held at Madison Square Garden in New York City. The tournament began on Tuesday, March 14 and ended on Thursday, March 30. The NIT Selection Show aired Sunday March 12 on ESPNU. In February 2017, the NCAA approved a number", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20889633", "chunk_text": "\"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\nNCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament, also known and branded as NCAA March Madness, is a single-elimination tournament played each spring in the United States, currently featuring 68 college basketball teams from the Division I level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), to determine the national championship. The tournament was created in 1939 by the National Association of Basketball Coaches, and was the idea of The Ohio State University coach Harold Olsen. Played mostly during March, it has become one of the most famous annual sporting events in the United States. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6118924", "chunk_text": "\"2020 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n2020 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The 2020 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament will be a 68-team single-elimination tournament to determine the men's National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college basketball national champion for the 2019–20 season. The 82nd edition of the Tournament is scheduled to begin on March 17, 2020 and will conclude with the championship game on April 6 at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. Pending any changes to the current format, a total of 68 teams will enter the 2020 tournament. 32 automatic bids shall be awarded to each program that wins their conference's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9485835", "chunk_text": "\"2015–16 NCAA Division I men's basketball season\"\nopponent. Final Four – NRG Stadium, Houston, Texas After the NCAA Tournament field was announced, the NCAA invited 32 teams to participate in the National Invitation Tournament. The tournament began on March 15, 2016 with all games prior to the semifinals were played on campus sites. Played at Madison Square Garden in New York City on March 29 and 31 The semifinals and final were held on March 29 and March 31 at Madison Square Garden in New York City. After the NCAA Tournament field was announced, 8 teams were invited to participate in the first ever Vegas 16 Tournament.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1634381", "chunk_text": "\"2018 National Invitation Tournament\"\ntheir first round match. The first three rounds were played on campus sites. The Semifinals were held on Tuesday, March 27, and the Championship Game was held on Thursday, March 29, at Madison Square Garden in New York City. <nowiki></nowiki> Denotes overtime period ESPN, Inc. had exclusive television rights to all of the NIT Games. It was telecast every game across ESPN, ESPN2, ESPNU, and ESPN3. Westwood One had exclusive radio rights to the semifinals and the championship. 2018 National Invitation Tournament The 2018 National Invitation Tournament was a single-elimination tournament of 32 NCAA Division I college men's basketball teams", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7608752", "chunk_text": "\"First Four\"\nFirst Four In the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament, the First Four are a series of play-in games played since 2011. The games are contested between teams holding the four lowest seeded automatic bids and the four lowest seeded at-large bids. Prior to expanding from 65 to 68 teams, the two lowest seeded teams played in an Opening Round game from 2001 to 2010. All of the previous-format single Opening Round games and current-format First Four games have been played at the University of Dayton Arena in Dayton, Ohio. The game was conceived after the Mountain West Conference, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14143392", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\nBradley Center will be used for tournament games, as it is being replaced by the Fiserv Forum in late 2018. The new Fiserv Forum is scheduled to host the tournament in 2022. The tournament also saw a shift in location of first round games from Greensboro, North Carolina to Greenville, South Carolina. Greensboro originally was awarded First and Second Round games, but the games were relocated due to NCAA objections over North Carolina's passage of HB2. This was also the first time a South Carolina venue hosted the tournament in 15 years, after the state removed the Confederate battle flag", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7332428", "chunk_text": "\"2016 National Invitation Tournament\"\n2016 National Invitation Tournament The 2016 National Invitation Tournament was a single-elimination tournament of 32 NCAA Division I teams that were not selected to participate in the 2016 NCAA Tournament. The annual tournament was played on campus sites for the first three rounds, with the Final Four and championship game being held at Madison Square Garden in New York City. The tournament began on Tuesday, March 15 and ended on Thursday, March 31. An experimental rule allowing players six personal fouls instead of five was approved for use in all national postseason tournaments except for the NCAA Tournament. The NIT", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20889634", "chunk_text": "\"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\ntournament teams include champions from 32 Division I conferences (which receive automatic bids), and 36 teams which are awarded at-large berths. These \"\"at-large\"\" teams are chosen by an NCAA selection committee, then announced in a nationally televised event on the Sunday preceding the \"\"First Four\"\" play-in games, currently held in Dayton, Ohio, and dubbed \"\"Selection Sunday\"\". The 68 teams are divided into four regions and organized into a single-elimination \"\"bracket\"\", which pre-determines, when a team wins a game, which team it will face next. Each team is \"\"seeded\"\", or ranked, within its region from 1 to 16. After the First", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20889675", "chunk_text": "\"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\nbracket as the 16a/16b seeds, and then played the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Opening Round Game (the \"\"play-in game\"\") on the Tuesday preceding the first weekend of the tournament. This game was always played at the University of Dayton Arena in Dayton, Ohio. During 2011, the tournament expanded to 68 teams. Four \"\"play-in\"\" games are now played, officially known as the \"\"First Four\"\". However, the teams playing in the First Four are \"\"not\"\" automatically seeded #16; their seeding is determined by the committee on Selection Sunday. Explaining the reasoning for this format, selection committee chairman Dan Guerrero said, \"\"We", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14549111", "chunk_text": "\"2016 National Invitation Tournament\"\nand Kelly Tripucka provided the call. 2016 National Invitation Tournament The 2016 National Invitation Tournament was a single-elimination tournament of 32 NCAA Division I teams that were not selected to participate in the 2016 NCAA Tournament. The annual tournament was played on campus sites for the first three rounds, with the Final Four and championship game being held at Madison Square Garden in New York City. The tournament began on Tuesday, March 15 and ended on Thursday, March 31. An experimental rule allowing players six personal fouls instead of five was approved for use in all national postseason tournaments except", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19520415", "chunk_text": "\"2017 National Invitation Tournament\"\nof experimental rule changes for use in this tournament: The following 10 teams were guaranteed berths into the 2017 NIT field when they failed to receive an at-large NCAA bid by virtue of having won their respective conference's regular season championship and failing to win their conference tournaments. The following 22 teams were also awarded NIT berths. The NIT began on Tuesday, March 14. The first three rounds were played at campus sites. The semifinals were held on Tuesday, March 28 and the championship on Thursday, March 30 at Madison Square Garden in New York City. <nowiki>†</nowiki> ESPN, Inc. had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20889647", "chunk_text": "\"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\nexception to this rule is the University of Dayton, which would be allowed to play a game in the \"\"First Four\"\" round in their home arena as they did in 2015. However, while a team can be moved to a different region if its home court is being used during any of the first two weeks of the tournament, the Final Four venue is determined years in advance, and cannot be changed regardless of participants. For this reason a team could potentially play in a Final Four on its home court, though this is unlikely, since the Final Four is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14031239", "chunk_text": "\"2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season\"\nseeding—in the Middle Tennessee–Minnesota game listed below, the #12 seed Middle Tennessee entered the game as a 1.5-point favorite in Las Vegas sports books. After the NCAA Tournament field was announced, the NCAA invited 32 teams to participate in the National Invitation Tournament. The tournament began on March 14, 2017 with all games prior to the semifinals being played at campus sites. Played at Madison Square Garden in New York City on March 28 and 30 The tenth College Basketball Invitational (CBI) Tournament began on March 14, 2017. This tournament features 16 teams who were left out of the NCAA", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12825122", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\nthe fourth-ranked top seed's region (Xavier's West Region), and the champion of the second overall top seed's region (Villanova's East Region) plays against the champion of the third-ranked top seed's region (Kansas's Midwest Region). The Pac-12 lost all of its teams after the first day of the main tournament draw, marking the first time since the Big 12 began play in 1996 that one of the six major conferences—defined as the ACC, Big Ten, Big 12, Pac-12, SEC, and both versions of the Big East—failed to have a team advance to the tournament's round of 32. CBS Sports and Turner", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6118925", "chunk_text": "\"2020 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\ntournament. The remaining 36 bids are \"\"at-large\"\", with selections extended by the NCAA Selection Committee. Eight teams (the four lowest-seeded automatic qualifiers and the four lowest-seeded at-large teams) will play in the First Four (the successor to what had been popularly known as \"\"play-in games\"\" through the 2010 tournament). The winners of these games advance to the main draw of the tournament. The Selection Committee will also seed the entire field from 1 to 68. The following are the sites selected to host each round of the 2020 tournament: First Four First and Second Rounds Regional Semifinals and Finals (Sweet", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17321685", "chunk_text": "\"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\nto become the first ever #15 seed to advance to the Sweet Sixteen. The term was popularized as a result of City College of New York's successful run in the 1950 tournament. NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament, also known and branded as NCAA March Madness, is a single-elimination tournament played each spring in the United States, currently featuring 68 college basketball teams from the Division I level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), to determine the national championship. The tournament was created in 1939 by the National Association of Basketball Coaches,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11645191", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\ncity of San Antonio are hosting the Final Four. This is the first tournament since 1994 in which no games were played in an NFL stadium, as the Alamodome is a college football stadium, although the Alamodome hosted some home games for the New Orleans Saints during their 2005 season. The 2018 tournament featured three new arenas in previous host cities. Philips Arena, the home of the Atlanta Hawks and replacement for the previously used Omni Coliseum, hosted the South regional games, and the new Little Caesars Arena, home of the Detroit Pistons and Detroit Red Wings, hosted games. And", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4711753", "chunk_text": "\"UD Arena\"\nUD Arena University of Dayton Arena (commonly known as UD Arena) is a 13,435-seat multi-purpose arena located in Dayton, Ohio. The arena opened in 1969. It is home to the University of Dayton Flyers basketball teams. Since 2001, it has been the birthplace of \"\"March Madness.\"\" From 2001 to 2010, the facility hosted the annual \"\"play-in\"\" game in the NCAA men's basketball tournament (officially the \"\"opening round\"\" game) which featured the teams rated 64th and 65th in the tournament field. Beginning in 2011, when the tournament expanded to four opening round games, the arena continued to host all \"\"first four\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12825119", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\nfor the first time since 1994, the tournament returned to Wichita and the state of Kansas where Intrust Bank Arena hosted first round games. The state of North Carolina was threatened with a 2018-2022 championship venue boycott by the NCAA, due to the HB2 law passed in 2016. However, the law was repealed (but with provisos) days before the NCAA met to make decisions on venues in April 2017. At that time, the NCAA board of governors \"\"reluctantly voted to allow consideration of championship bids in North Carolina by our committees that are presently meeting\"\". Therefore, Charlotte was eligible and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10194377", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Conference USA Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n2018 Conference USA Men's Basketball Tournament The 2018 Conference USA Men's Basketball Tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for Conference USA for the 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. It was held from March 7–10, 2018, in Frisco, Texas, at the Ford Center at The Star. In the first round and quarterfinals, two games were played simultaneously within the same arena, with the courts separated by a curtain. The tournament was won by Marshall, who defeated Western Kentucky in the conference title game, earning the conference's automatic berth into the NCAA Tournament, their first Conference USA Tournament title.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7450605", "chunk_text": "\"2015 National Invitation Tournament\"\n2015 National Invitation Tournament The 2015 National Invitation Tournament was a single-elimination tournament of 32 NCAA Division I teams that were not selected to participate in the 2015 NCAA Tournament. The annual tournament is being played on campus sites for the first three rounds, with the Final Four and Championship game being held at Madison Square Garden in New York City. The tournament began on Tuesday, March 17 and ended on Thursday, April 2. On February 6, the NCAA announced the 2015 NIT will use a 30-second shot clock (same as its WNIT counterpart) and a 4-foot (1.22 m) restricted-area", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15487720", "chunk_text": "\"Vegas 16\"\ndue to many teams forgoing participating in post-season tournaments, only eight teams were selected. The following eight teams participated in the inaugural tournament: It was announced on March 9, 2017 that the Vegas 16 tournament would not be held in 2017. Vegas 16 The Vegas 16 tournament was a postseason men's college basketball tournament. The tournament was managed by Lexington, Kentucky-based sports marketing firm bd Global. Similar to the National Invitation Tournament (NIT), the tournament featured eight teams not selected for the NCAA Tournament or the NIT. The lone tournament took place March 28–30, 2016, at Mandalay Bay, in Paradise,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14287665", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament\"\n2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament The 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament began on March 16, 2018, and concluded with the national championship game on Sunday, April 1. The Final Four was played at Nationwide Arena in Columbus, Ohio. This is the third time that the women's Final Four was played in Ohio after previously being held in Cincinnati in 1997 and Cleveland in 2007 and the first time that the women's Final Four was played in Columbus. For only the fourth time in the tournament’s 37-year history, all four of the number one seeds made it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6117868", "chunk_text": "\"2019 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n2019 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The 2019 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament will be a 68-team single-elimination tournament to determine the men's National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college basketball national champion for the 2018–19 season. The 81st edition of the Tournament is scheduled to begin on March 19, 2019 and will conclude with the championship game on April 8 at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Pending any changes to the current format, a total of 68 teams will enter the 2019 tournament. 32 automatic bids shall be awarded to each program that wins their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14143387", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\na one-game playoff (or series as was the case in the 2002 season) determined the automatic bid. On March 10, 2016, the Ivy League's council of presidents approved a four-team tournament where the top four teams in the regular season would play on March 11 and 12 at Philadelphia's Palestra. The remaining 36 teams received \"\"at-large\"\" bids which are extended by the NCAA Selection Committee. On January 24, 2016, the NCAA announced that the Selection Committee would, for the first time, unveil in-season rankings of the top four teams in each division on February 11, 2017. Eight teams—the four lowest-seeded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20889646", "chunk_text": "\"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n1 seed's region, and the champion of the second-ranked number 1 seed's region will play against the champion of the third-ranked number 1 seed's region. In the men's tournament, all sites are nominally neutral; teams are prohibited from playing tournament games on their home courts prior to the Final Four (though in some cases, a team may be fortunate enough to play in or near its home state or city). By current NCAA rules, any court on which a team hosts more than three \"\"regular-season\"\" games (in other words, not including conference tournament games) is considered a \"\"home court\"\". The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6117869", "chunk_text": "\"2019 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\nconference's tournament. The remaining 36 bids are \"\"at-large\"\", with selections extended by the NCAA Selection Committee. Eight teams (the four lowest-seeded automatic qualifiers and the four lowest-seeded at-large teams) will play in the First Four (the successor to what had been popularly known as \"\"play-in games\"\" through the 2010 tournament). The winners of these games advance to the main draw of the tournament. The Selection Committee will also seed the entire field from 1 to 68. The following are the sites selected to host each round of the 2019 tournament: First Four First and Second Rounds Regional Semifinals and Finals", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20889636", "chunk_text": "\"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\nFour\"\" round. The Final Four is usually played during the first weekend of April. These four teams, one from each region (East, South, Midwest, and West), compete in a preselected location for the national championship. The tournament has been at least partially televised since 1969. Currently, the games are broadcast by CBS, TBS, TNT, and truTV under the trade-name \"\"NCAA March Madness\"\". Since 2011, all games are available for viewing nationwide and internationally. As television coverage has grown, so too has the tournament's popularity. Currently, millions of Americans fill out a bracket, attempting to correctly predict the outcome of 63", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18633743", "chunk_text": "\"National Invitation Tournament\"\nNational Invitation Tournament The National Invitation Tournament (NIT) is a men's college basketball tournament operated by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Played at Madison Square Garden in New York City each March and April, it was founded in 1938 and was originally the most prestigious post-season showcase for college basketball. Over time it became eclipsed by the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament – known today informally as \"\"March Madness\"\". The NIT has since been regarded more as a \"\"consolation\"\" tournament for teams that did not receive a berth in the NCAA tournament. A second, much more recent \"\"NIT\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14143390", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\nChampionship (Final Four and Championship) The city of Glendale, a Phoenix suburb, became the 30th host city, and the University of Phoenix Stadium became the 39th host venue, to host a Final Four. For the second straight year, no regional games were held in domed stadiums, a move dictated in 2013 by the NCAA to limit use of the stadiums for the regional rounds. The tournament featured two new arenas in previously visited markets. For the first time the tournament was held at the Bankers Life Fieldhouse, the home of the Indiana Pacers. This marks the first time since 1982", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2905470", "chunk_text": "\"2018 UMBC vs. Virginia men's basketball game\"\nVirginia and No. 4 seed Arizona, and second round losses by No. 2 seed Cincinnati and No. 3 seed Tennessee, led to the South Region becoming the first ever to not advance any of its top four seeds to the Sweet Sixteen. Another Cinderella, No. 11 seed Loyola-Chicago, won the region by beating Kansas State 78–62, becoming the fourth 11-seed ever to advance to the Final Four. 2018 UMBC vs. Virginia men's basketball game On March 16, 2018, during the first round of the 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament, the University of Virginia (Virginia; also UVA) Cavaliers played", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12659297", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NBA draft\"\n2018 NBA draft The 2018 NBA draft was held on June 21, 2018, at Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York. National Basketball Association (NBA) teams took turns selecting amateur United States college basketball players and other eligible players, including international players. It was televised nationally by ESPN. This draft was the last to use the original weighted lottery system that gave teams near the bottom of the NBA draft better odds at the top three picks of the draft while teams higher up had worse odds in the process; the rule was agreed upon by the NBA on September 28,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14143391", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\nthat a venue other than the RCA Dome or Lucas Oil Stadium hosted games within the city of Indianapolis. It also became the fifth venue within the city to host games, temporarily tying Indianapolis with Houston for the most different venues used within a city; Houston will add a sixth venue when the Toyota Center hosts games in the 2020 tournament. The tournament also returned to Sacramento, moving to the brand new Golden 1 Center, home of the Sacramento Kings, replacing Sleep Train Arena as the city's primary indoor sports venue. The 2017 tournament marked the last time that the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14143394", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\ntheir conference's automatic bid. <nowiki></nowiki>See First Four All times are listed as Eastern Daylight Time ()<br> <nowiki></nowiki> – Denotes overtime period During the Final Four round, regardless of the seeds of the participating teams, the champion of the top overall top seed's region (Villanova's East Region) plays against the champion of the fourth-ranked top seed's region (Gonzaga's West Region), and the champion of the second overall top seed's region (Kansas's Midwest Region) plays against the champion of the third-ranked top seed's region (North Carolina's South Region). CBS Sports and Turner Sports held joint U.S. television broadcast rights to the Tournament", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16807485", "chunk_text": "\"2018 America East Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n2018 America East Men's Basketball Tournament The 2018 America East Men's Basketball Tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the America East Conference, which will be held on March 3, 6, and 10, 2018. All tournament games were played on home arenas of the higher-seeded school. UMBC defeated regular-season champion Vermont in the championship game to win the tournament and receive the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament. UMBC went on to defeat Virginia to become the first 16th-seeded team to beat the No. 1 seed in one of the biggest upsets in NCAA Tournament history. The top", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8132346", "chunk_text": "\"2016 National Invitation Tournament\"\nthree rounds were played on campus sites. The Final Four began on Tuesday, March 29 at Madison Square Garden in New York City, and ended there with the championship game on Thursday, March 31. \"\"^Florida was not able to host home games at the O'Connell Center due to arena renovations.\"\" <nowiki> Denotes overtime period</nowiki> ESPN, Inc. had exclusive television rights to all NIT games. It will telecast every game across ESPN, ESPN2, ESPNU, and ESPN3 (ESPNews was used for the Valparaiso-Florida State game). Since 2011, Westwood One had exclusive radio rights to the semifinals and championship. In 2016 Scott Graham", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9804578", "chunk_text": "\"2006 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\ncurrently no games scheduled in the near future, with 2022 scheduled to host games at the new Chase Center in downtown San Francisco. As the Golden State Warriors will also be moving to the Chase Center once it opens, it is unclear what will happen to the Oracle Arena once their primary tenant moves out. <nowiki></nowiki> () – Number of asterisks denotes number of overtimes. Winner advances to Minneapolis Regional vs. No. 1 Villanova. <nowiki>*</nowiki>Monmouth University won the Opening Round game. The America East, Atlantic Sun, Big South, Big West, Ivy, MAAC, MAC, MEAC, Ohio Valley, SoCon, SWAC, Mid-Continent, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4516530", "chunk_text": "\"NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament upsets\"\nvictories are almost always considered upsets (to date only one 11th or lower seeded team in the first round won having been the betting \"\"favorite\"\"; this occurred in 2017 when twelfth seeded Middle Tennessee defeated fifth seeded Minnesota in the Round of 64). Most victories by these teams in later rounds were usually against better seeded opponents as well. On March 16, 2018, the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) Retrievers became the first 16-seed to upset a 1-seed when they defeated the Virginia Cavaliers 74–54 in the first round. This round was called the First Round until 2011, when", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15330615", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NBA draft\"\n2017 NBA draft The 2017 NBA draft was held on June 22, 2017, at Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York. National Basketball Association (NBA) teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players and other eligible players, including international players. The draft lottery took place during the playoffs on May 16, 2017. The 53–29 Boston Celtics, who were also the #1 seed in the Eastern Conference and reached the Eastern Conference Finals at the time of the NBA draft lottery, won the #1 pick with pick swapping rights thanks to a previous trade with the Brooklyn Nets, who had the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11059620", "chunk_text": "\"2018 National Invitation Tournament\"\nbest regular season record in their conference but failing to either win their conference tournament or earn an at-large berth in the 2018 NCAA Tournament. Grambling State won the SWAC regular season title but was banned from the postseason due to low graduation rates and did not participate in the conference tournament. There was thus no automatic qualifier from the SWAC. The following 20 teams were also awarded NIT berths. The NIT Tournament began on Tuesday, March 13, 2018. Due to a conflict at Taco Bell Arena (with the NCAA tournament), Boise State travelled to the University of Washington for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2905458", "chunk_text": "\"2018 UMBC vs. Virginia men's basketball game\"\n2018 UMBC vs. Virginia men's basketball game On March 16, 2018, during the first round of the 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament, the University of Virginia (Virginia; also UVA) Cavaliers played a college basketball game against the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) Retrievers at the Spectrum Center in Charlotte, North Carolina. The Cavaliers, who were seeded first in the South regional bracket and first overall in the NCAA Tournament, faced the Retrievers, who were seeded 16th in the South regional bracket and ranked 63rd overall (out of a field of 68). Virginia and UMBC competed for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7147517", "chunk_text": "Playoffs\nrounds at campus sites and later rounds at a predetermined site. For example, the Mid-American Conference holds its first-round games at campus sites, but the rest of the tournament in Cleveland. The Big South Conference holds its first round at campus sites, gives hosting rights for its quarterfinals and semifinals to the regular-season champion, and plays its final at the home court of the top remaining seed. The American East Conference, ASUN Conference, and Patriot League hold all tournament games at campus sites. A small number of conferences do not invite all of their teams to the conference tournament, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4064715", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NBA draft\"\nthis year. Prior to the day of the draft, the following trades were made and resulted in exchanges of draft picks between the teams. Draft-day trades occurred on June 22, 2017, the day of the draft. 2017 NBA draft The 2017 NBA draft was held on June 22, 2017, at Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York. National Basketball Association (NBA) teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players and other eligible players, including international players. The draft lottery took place during the playoffs on May 16, 2017. The 53–29 Boston Celtics, who were also the #1 seed in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14143388", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\"\nautomatic qualifiers and the four lowest-seeded at-large teams—played in the First Four (the successor to what had been known as \"\"play-in games\"\" through the 2010 tournament). The winners of these games advanced to the main draw of the tournament. The Selection Committee also seeded the entire field from 1 to 68. The committee's selections resulted in two historic milestones. The Northwestern Wildcats of the Big Ten Conference made their first-ever NCAA Tournament in school history, officially becoming the last \"\"power conference\"\" school to make the tournament. (This fact is ironic considering that Northwestern hosted the first-ever NCAA Tournament in 1939).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_313	when did fortnite battle royal come out on xbox?	n/a	[ "September 2017" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16598180", "chunk_text": "Fortnite\nfirst two game modes were released in 2017 as early access titles and \"\"Creative\"\" was released on December 6, 2018. \"\"Save the World\"\" is available only for Windows, macOS, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One, while \"\"Battle Royale\"\" has been released for those platforms in addition for Nintendo Switch, iOS and Android devices. While the first two games have been successful for Epic Games, \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\" became a resounding success, drawing in more than 125 million players in less than a year, and earning hundreds of millions of dollars per month, and since has been a cultural phenomenon. Currently, \"\"Fortnite\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13786401", "chunk_text": "\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\nthe Nintendo Switch video game console had been rumored in the week prior to the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2018 in June 2018. During the Nintendo Direct presentation, Nintendo and Epic Games announced the release of \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\" for the Nintendo Switch, supporting cross-platform play with any other platform except the PlayStation 4; such users are able to carry over their inventory, Battle Pass status, and in-game currency between these platforms through their Epic user account. The game was released on June 12, 2018, the same day as the announcement. It is the first game to support direct voice chat", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13786377", "chunk_text": "\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\nFortnite Battle Royale Fortnite Battle Royale is a free-to-play battle royale video game developed and published by Epic Games. It was released as an early access game for Microsoft Windows, macOS, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One in September 2017, and for iOS, Nintendo Switch, and Android in 2018. It is a spin-off from Epic's \"\"\"\", a cooperative survival game with construction elements. As a battle royale game, \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\" features up to a hundred players, either alone, in duos, or in squads of up to four players, attempting to be the last player or group alive by killing other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18941342", "chunk_text": "\"Epic Games\"\nEdition\"\" on April 7, 2017, published by Gearbox Software. By July 2017, \"\"Fortnite\"\" was finally in a state for public play. Epic launched the title through a paid early access then, with a full free-to-play release expected in 2018. Following on the popularity of \"\"PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds\"\", a battle royale game released earlier in 2017, Epic developed a variant of \"\"Fortnite\"\" called \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\", which was released in September 2017 as a free-to-play title across computer, console, and mobile platforms. \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\" quickly gained an audience, amassing over 125 million players by May 2018 with estimates of having earned", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18803900", "chunk_text": "Fortnite\nGamer\"\", and for \"\"Best Spectator Game\"\" by IGN. Fortnite Fortnite is an online video game first released in 2017 and developed by Epic Games. It is available as separate software packages having different game modes that otherwise share the same general gameplay and game engine. The game modes include \"\"\"\", a cooperative shooter-survival game for up to four players to fight off zombie-like creatures and defend objects with fortifications they can build, \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\", a free-to-play battle royale game where up to 100 players fight to be the last person standing and \"\"Fortnite: Creative\"\", where players are given complete", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18803888", "chunk_text": "Fortnite\nFortnite Fortnite is an online video game first released in 2017 and developed by Epic Games. It is available as separate software packages having different game modes that otherwise share the same general gameplay and game engine. The game modes include \"\"\"\", a cooperative shooter-survival game for up to four players to fight off zombie-like creatures and defend objects with fortifications they can build, \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\", a free-to-play battle royale game where up to 100 players fight to be the last person standing and \"\"Fortnite: Creative\"\", where players are given complete freedom to create worlds and battle arenas. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2890424", "chunk_text": "\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\nwell; the first example of such was a countdown leading to a giant rocket's launch in June 2018 which, in the aftermath, left cracks in the skies that have grown since that event. The game initially launched without any seasonable schedule, but starting with the release of Season 2 in December 2017, Epic has provided new content, which includes new cosmetics, new gameplay elements, and changes to the game's map, on a roughly 10-week basis. This also introduced the use of the battle pass for players to obtain some of this new content by completing challenges and gaining experience. \"\"Fortnite\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7929704", "chunk_text": "\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\nthrough the Switch console. In March 2018, Epic announced it was making \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\" for Android and iOS mobile devices. The iOS version was released first, and was expected to be followed by the Android version by mid-2018. The beta version for iOS devices launched on March 15, 2018, and opened to all players on April 2, 2018. Epic Games stated that it was not possible to release the Android version with the iOS version simultaneously, and declined to provide a concrete release date for it, because the developers wanted to spend a few months making sure that the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15080144", "chunk_text": "\"Xbox One\"\nAugust 2, 2016, and 1 TB and 500 GB models were released on August 23, 2016. and a \"\"Gears of War 4\"\" special edition was also released. On June 11, 2017, Microsoft lowered the prices of the 500 GB \"\"Battlefield 1\"\" and 1 TB \"\"Forza Horizon 3\"\" Xbox One S console bundles by US$50. At Gamescom 2017, Microsoft unveiled a 1 TB \"\"Minecraft\"\" limited edition, with a grass block-themed hardware and a Creeper-themed controller. During an Inside Xbox livestream in September 2018, Microsoft unveiled a 1 TB \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\" bundle, with online codes to acquire unique in-game Eon-themed items", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9659659", "chunk_text": "\"Fortnite: Save the World\"\nfew weeks before this date, Epic recognized that the game was still not ready for release; it was playable but not content complete. Rather than prolonging it further, Epic decided to release the game into paid early access on July 25, 2017, which would also allow them to get active feedback on the game as they progressed in development. At the time of the start of early access, Gearbox Software helped distribute the game on physical media. With the popularity of \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\", which was first released in early access around September 2017 and gained considerable attention by early", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13786415", "chunk_text": "\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\nthose who used their PlayStation Network credentials to establish their Epic account cannot use that account on other platforms. The account restriction was confirmed to be as a result of Sony's initial decision to prohibit cross-platform play between its PlayStation 4 and other consoles, rather than a choice Epic had made. By September 2018, Sony had made a decision to allow cross-platform play for the PlayStation 4 for \"\"select third-party titles\"\", starting with \"\"Fortnite\"\". A beta version of the PlayStation 4 client supporting this was released for the game on September 26, 2018, the same day as Sony's announcement. A", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10851271", "chunk_text": "\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\nof \"\"Fortnite\"\"s development, \"\"PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds\"\" was released in March 2017 on personal computers in early access, and quickly became a popular and successful game, becoming the defining example of the battle royale genre. According to Mustard, the Epic team \"\"loved Battle Royale games like [Battlegrounds]\"\", and explored how they could make a similar mode within \"\"Fortnite\"\"s engine. They kept this mode in a separate development team from the main player versus environment modes for experimentation and as to not throw off the balance in the main game. The Battle Royale mode development was led by Eric Williamson with Zack Estep", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7929726", "chunk_text": "\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\nFreeze Bundle\"\", will be distributed by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment for the PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Nintendo Switch by late 2018. The package will include redeemable codes for V-Bucks and unique in-game cosmetics. Epic has partnered with the National Football League (NFL) to bring in character skins for each of the 32 teams in the League starting in November 2018, a result of the influence of \"\"Fortnite\"\" on NFL players, who have frequently performed \"\"Fortnite\"\" dance emotes as victory celebrations. One of the first professional eSports competitions using \"\"Fortnite\"\" was the \"\"Fortnite\"\" Pro-Am event, held on June 12, 2018", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15355675", "chunk_text": "\"PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds\"\ndirecting surviving players into tighter areas to force encounters. The last player or team standing wins the round. The game was first released for Microsoft Windows via Steam's early access beta program in March 2017, with a full release on December 20, 2017. That same month, the game was released by Microsoft Studios for the Xbox One via its Xbox Game Preview program, and officially released in September 2018. The same year, a port for the PlayStation 4 was released, in addition to two different mobile versions for Android and iOS. The game is one of the best-selling of all", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13255912", "chunk_text": "\"Fortnite: Save the World\"\nFortnite: Save the World Fortnite: Save the World is a co-op third-person shooter survival video game developed and published by Epic Games. The game was released as a paid-for early access title for Microsoft Windows, macOS, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on July 25, 2017, with a full free-to-play release expected sometime in 2019. The retail versions of the game were published by Gearbox Software, while online distribution of the PC versions is handled by Epic's launcher. \"\"Fortnite\"\" is set in contemporary Earth, where the sudden appearance of a worldwide storm causes 98% of the world's population to disappear, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2084364", "chunk_text": "\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\ngame will be compatible with as many Android devices as possible, a task that is not easily accomplished due to the high variety of Android hardware. The Android beta version of \"\"Fortnite\"\" was released on August 9, 2018 with a time-exclusivity for selected Samsung mobile devices until August 12, 2018. On August 13, 2018, Epic began sending invites for the Android version to registered users for non-Samsung devices, and by October 11, 2018, the Android client was made available to all without an invite. Epic distributed the Android \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\" app directly from its website rather than through the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7929679", "chunk_text": "\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\ncross-platform play between the platforms that was limited for the first five seasons, before the restrictions were eased. The idea for \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\" arose following the release of the similar battle royale game \"\"PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds\"\", which saw numerous player count records broken throughout 2017. Seeing its rapid growth and commercial success, Epic Games saw the opportunity to create a battle royale mode of their own. Originally released as part of the paid \"\"Fortnite\"\" game, Epic spun out a dedicated version of the game offered as free-to-play funded by microtransactions, sharing in-game currency with the main \"\"Fortnite\"\" game, allowing players", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13786427", "chunk_text": "\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\nper second, the largest recorded amount of traffic for any video game that they have observed. With its quarterly financial report ending September 30, 2018, Nintendo said that \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\" had been downloaded on about half of all Switch systems they have sold, representing about 11.5 million downloads. \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\" was made available to South Korea and their numerous PC bangs in November 2018; shortly after this point, Epic reported that \"\"Fortnite\"\" has surpassed a concurrent player count of 8.3 million, surpassing the game's previous record of 3.4 million in February 2018. Analysis firm SuperData estimated that \"\"Fortnite", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2890462", "chunk_text": "\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\nverified were not true. Epic launched its second competition play series, the Fall Skirmish, on September 21, 2018, with up to in prizes for winners. \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\" has become its own phenomenon, compared by analysts to the success in drawing in players that are not average video game players as both \"\"World of Warcraft\"\" and \"\"Minecraft\"\" had done previously. \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\" obtained over 10 million players two weeks after its release. By March 2018, it was estimated to have more than 45 million players. Three months later, in June 2018, Epic announced they had achieved over 125 million", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7929693", "chunk_text": "\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\nabout 40% of the company in exchange for their support for the games as a service approach as well as ready access to the Chinese video game market. \"\"Fortnite\"\" was confirmed to have a planned 2018 release in June 2017, with a paid early access period starting a month later; the game is planned otherwise as a free-to-play title supported by microtransactions. With release in early access, the game featured its primary gameplay mode, \"\"Save the World\"\", where players in teams up to four would work cooperatively to survive and complete objectives on randomly generated maps. During the latter part", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7929734", "chunk_text": "\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\nBattle Royale\"\" made over in February 2018, surpassing \"\"Battlegrounds\"\"s revenues for the same period of . SuperData estimated \"\"Fortnite\"\"s revenues over all platforms to exceed for the month of March. By April 2018, SuperData estimated that \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\" had surpassed both sales and player count on all platforms over \"\"Battlegrounds\"\". The game generated in revenue in April, followed by in May, according to SuperData. By July 2018, \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\" had been estimated to have brought in over in revenue. Prior to the Season 5 start in July 2018, Sensor Tower estimated that the mobile version of \"\"Fortnite Battle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13255949", "chunk_text": "\"Fortnite: Save the World\"\ncould cross-play between all three platforms. Epic later corrected this, calling it a \"\"configuration error\"\". On July 26, 2017, it was announced that \"\"Fortnite\"\" had sold over 500,000 digital pre-order copies. On August 18, 2017, Epic confirmed that \"\"Fortnite\"\" had surpassed over a million players. Fortnite: Save the World Fortnite: Save the World is a co-op third-person shooter survival video game developed and published by Epic Games. The game was released as a paid-for early access title for Microsoft Windows, macOS, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on July 25, 2017, with a full free-to-play release expected sometime in 2019. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2084387", "chunk_text": "\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\nplayers in less than a year, with at least 40 million players playing the game once per month. In November 2018, \"\"Bloomberg\"\" reported that \"\"Fortnite\"\" had over 200 million registered accounts across all platforms. Individual platform releases saw initial surges in player counts. Within a day of becoming available, the Nintendo Switch version had been downloaded over 2 million times, according to Nintendo. Epic said that \"\"Fortnite\"\" had been downloaded over 15 million times for Android within three weeks of its launch. On the release of Season 5 in July 2018, Akamai Technologies reported that \"\"Fortnite\"\" traffic neared 37 terabytes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1191130", "chunk_text": "\"The Culling (video game)\"\nThe Culling (video game) The Culling is a battle royale game developed and published by American studio Xaviant. Following an early access beta phase, the game was released for Linux, Microsoft Windows, and Xbox One on October 5, 2017. \"\"The Culling\"\" initially was popular, but in the wake of two other battle royale games, \"\"PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds\"\" and \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\", the player base for \"\"The Culling\"\" waned, and Xaviant halted future development in December 2017. The company later announced a sequel \"\"The Culling 2\"\", which was released in July 2018, amid the popularity of \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\". It was panned", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13786431", "chunk_text": "\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\nRoyale\"\"s success over \"\"PlayerUnknown Battlegrounds\"\" as a combination of several factors: besides being free-to-play and available on consoles, the game was released at a time when \"\"Battlegrounds\"\" was struggling with game cheaters and a toxic community, and that it features a less violent, cartoonish quality to it that, like \"\"Minecraft\"\", was able to draw in a younger and mixed-gendered audiences to play. Further, Epic has maintained frequent updates for the game, adding new weapons and in-game tools alongside limited-time events and longer-term narrative elements that help to further draw in players. The high interest in the game within March 2018,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16598186", "chunk_text": "Fortnite\n\"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\", the player-versus-environment mode was distinguished as \"\"Save the World\"\". Near the same time that Epic released \"\"Fortnite\"\" into early access, \"\"PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds\"\" had become a worldwide phenomenon, having sold over 5 million copies three months from its March 2017 release, and drawing strong interest in the battle royale genre. Epic recognized that with the \"\"Fortnite\"\" base game, they could also do a battle royale mode, and rapidly developed their own version atop \"\"Fortnite\"\" in about two months. By September 2017, Epic was ready to release this as a second mode from \"\"Save the World\"\" in the paid-for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7929695", "chunk_text": "\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\nas production lead. Their goal was to develop the Battle Royale mode quickly from the core \"\"Save the World\"\" mode, putting off any complex features that weren't already in place as to launch the new mode as soon as possible; while they explored such potential ideas, they held off inclusion until after the main mode was launched. The development of the \"\"Battle Royale\"\" mode took about two months starting in July 2017 after the \"\"Save the World\"\" mode had shipped, and was aided by the \"\"Unreal Tournament\"\" team. Key differences for Battle Royale that differed from \"\"Save the World\"\" included", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15876641", "chunk_text": "\"Cross-platform play\"\nmid-September 2017. This had not been an expected feature of the game, as cited by the game's current specifications. While Epic Games corrected the configuration and stated this was a mistake, the brief situations demonstrated that technical barriers to cross-platform play can be met. Later in March 2018, Epic announced plans to take the spinout title, \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\" Windows, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and mobile devices, with cross-platform play enabled between PC, PlayStation 4 and mobile, and PC, Xbox One, Nintendo Switch, and mobile. Once these technical challenges can be overcome, the primarily limiting factor for cross-platform play has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16598189", "chunk_text": "Fortnite\nprovide comprehensive reviews of any mode. The \"\"Save the World\"\" mode achieved over one million players by August 2017, just prior to the release of \"\"Battle Royale\"\". \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\", on the other hand, became a significant financial success for Epic Games, leading them to separate the teams between \"\"Save the World\"\" and \"\"Battle Royale\"\" to provide better support for both modes. Within two weeks of release, over 10 million players had played the mode, and by June 2018, just after the Nintendo Switch release, had reached 125 million players. Revenue from \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\" during the first half of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9611139", "chunk_text": "\"PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds\"\nsubsidiaries. Kim also stated that the team was interested in cross-platform play between the Windows and console versions, but did not anticipate this as a release feature, as they need to determine how to mitigate the advantage keyboard and mouse-using players would have over those using controllers. Titled \"\"Game Preview Edition\"\", the early access version for the Xbox One was released on December 12, 2017 in both digital and physical formats. To promote it, Microsoft performed real-life supply crate drops in Australia in the week prior, with the crates containing Xbox hardware, \"\"Battlegrounds\"\" merchandise, and other goods, using passcodes published", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7929697", "chunk_text": "\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\nto help players with rapidly constructing temporary bases. In those two months of development, Epic's plan was to include \"\"Battle Royale\"\" within the paid \"\"Fortnite\"\" game, and originally announced this approach publicly in early September 2017. Only two weeks before it was released did Epic decide to make it a separate free-to-play title, fearing that having it as part of the paid package would slow down the growth of the title. Epic announced this change formally about a week after first announcing \"\"Battle Royale\"\", allowing those that had purchased early access to \"\"Fortnite\"\" in anticipation of this mode to request", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10851275", "chunk_text": "\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\nrefunds. This release, which beat out \"\"Battlegrounds\"\" to consoles, caused some concern with \"\"Battlegrounds\"\" developer Bluehole, as they had been working closely with Epic for Unreal engine support in \"\"Battlegrounds\"\", and were worried that \"\"Fortnite\"\" might be able to include planned features to their Battle Royale mode before they could release those in \"\"Battlegrounds\"\". With the popularity of \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\" by the start of 2018, Epic split off a separate development team to focus on improvements for this mode. Epic said that their attention to \"\"Fortnite\"\" was causing some of their other games to see lower player populations, leading", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16598185", "chunk_text": "Fortnite\na service model, and brought in Chinese publisher Tencent to help; Tencent took a large stake in Epic as part of this, leading to the departure of several executives, including Cliff Bleszinski, who had been a key part of \"\"Fortnite\"\"s development. \"\"Fortnite\"\"s approach was changed to be Epic's testbed for games as a service, and further slowed the development. Ultimately, Epic was able to prepare to release \"\"Fortnite\"\" as a paid early access title in July 2017, with plans to release it as free-to-play sometime in 2019 while gaining feedback from players to improve the game. With the release of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "22558", "chunk_text": "\"Battle royale game\"\nformat as a consultant for \"\"\"\" before becoming the creative developer at Bluehole of a standalone game representing his vision of the battle royale genre, \"\"PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds\"\". While \"\"Battlegrounds\"\" was not the first battle royale game, its release to early access in March 2017 drew a great deal of attention, selling over twenty million units by the end of the year, and is considered the defining game of the genre. In September 2017, the game broke the previous record for highest number of concurrent players on Steam, with 1,348,374 players on the game simultaneously. \"\"Battlegrounds\"\" explosive growth and how it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13786414", "chunk_text": "\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\nversions, but with limited interaction in regards to the PlayStation 4. That is, players on personal computer and mobile versions can cross-play with Xbox One and Nintendo Switch users, or alternatively they can cross-play with PlayStation 4 users. While Epic Games has expressed interest in having full cross-platform play across all available platforms, Sony's continued refusal to allow cross-play between the PlayStation 4 and other consoles rendered this impossible during the game's first year of operation, according to Microsoft. Further, while players can use a single Epic Games account to share progress in \"\"Fortnite: Battle Royale\"\" on all other platforms,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "22562", "chunk_text": "\"Battle royale game\"\nend of June 2018, the lawsuit had been closed by PUBG, under undisclosed reasons. In 2018, \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\" surpassed \"\"Battlegrounds\"\" in revenue, which was attributed to its free-to-play business model and cross-platform support, as well as its accessibility to casual players. \"\"Battlegrounds\"\" creator Brendan Greene credited it with growing the battle royale genre. Its mainstream publicity further increased following a stream by Tyler \"\"Ninja\"\" Blevins with Drake, JuJu Smith-Schuster and Travis Scott. which set a Twitch.tv record for concurrent viewership. It accumulated a total playerbase of 45 million in January and 3.4 million concurrent players in February. Polygon labeled", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16598187", "chunk_text": "Fortnite\nearlier access, but then later decided to release it as a free game, \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\", supported with microtransactions. This version quickly gained players, with over 10 million players during its first two weeks of release, and leading Epic to create separate teams to continue the \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\" development apart from the \"\"Save the World\"\" mode, outside of common engine elements and art assets. This allowed \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\" to expand to other platforms otherwise not supported by the \"\"Save the World\"\" mode, including iOS and Android mobile devices and the Nintendo Switch. A creative mode launched on December", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10851269", "chunk_text": "\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\nhad first been revealed by Epic Games in 2011, considered to be a combination of \"\"Minecraft\"\" and \"\"Left 4 Dead\"\" as four players would work together to scavenge resources to built fortifications, traps, weapons, and other objects to survive monster attacks. The game ended up with a protracted development period, in part due to both external pressures, with the industry transitioning to a games as a service model, and internal shifts of focus within Epic (including focusing attention on their first free-to-play title \"\"Paragon\"\") to meet the external challenges. During this period, Epic made a deal with Tencent, giving them", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16598184", "chunk_text": "Fortnite\nof \"\"Gears of War 3\"\" around 2011. Though it was not initially one of the developed titles during the jam, the concept of merging the construction game genre, representing games like \"\"Minecraft\"\" and \"\"Terraria\"\", and shooter games arose, leading to the foundation of \"\"Fortnite\"\". Development of \"\"Fortnite\"\" slowed due to several issues, including switching from the Unreal Engine 3 to Unreal Engine 4, a deeper role-playing game approach to extend the life of the game, and a switch of art style from a dark theme to a more cartoonish style. Further, Epic was looking to get into the games as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18080550", "chunk_text": "Fortnite\nin June 2018. Epic Games is working to develop organized eSports competitions around \"\"Fortnite: Battle Royale\"\", including a \"\"Fortnite\"\" World Cup tournament in 2019. There has also been growing concern over \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\"s draw toward young children, emphasized with the release of the mobile client. Parents and teachers had expressed concern that students are being distracted and drawn away from school work due to playing \"\"Fortnite\"\". Concerns have also been raised about the impact that playing a game involving repeated depictions of gun violence may have on young children. The game was nominated for \"\"Best Co-op Game\"\" by \"\"PC", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1191139", "chunk_text": "\"The Culling (video game)\"\nas its first release and so it doesn't lose what makes it unique. The Culling (video game) The Culling is a battle royale game developed and published by American studio Xaviant. Following an early access beta phase, the game was released for Linux, Microsoft Windows, and Xbox One on October 5, 2017. \"\"The Culling\"\" initially was popular, but in the wake of two other battle royale games, \"\"PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds\"\" and \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\", the player base for \"\"The Culling\"\" waned, and Xaviant halted future development in December 2017. The company later announced a sequel \"\"The Culling 2\"\", which was released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9659664", "chunk_text": "\"Fortnite: Save the World\"\ngreater difficulty in surviving. At one point, the game had a team-based player versus player mode, where each side attempted to build up a base around a central target while trying to attack the opponent's target after breaking through their base. This did not make it into the final game. Epic has cross-platform play between PC and PS4 and has stated plans to allow separate \"\"Fortnite\"\" cross-platform support for Xbox One and personal computer users, but cross-platform play between all three platforms has not been announced. However, for a few hours during one day in September 2017, players found they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20818809", "chunk_text": "\"Epic Games\"\nEpic continued on its goal to deliver games as a service following these departures. \"\"Fortnite\"\" was to serve as their testbed for living games, but with the shifts in staff, as well as shifting its engine from Unreal Engine 3 to 4, its release suffered some setback. Epic started additional projects; the free-to-play and community-developed \"\"Unreal Tournament\"\", first announced in 2014, and the free-to-play multiplayer online battle arena game \"\"Paragon\"\", launched in 2016 for Microsoft Windows and PlayStation 4. Epic also released a remastered version of \"\"Shadow Complex\"\" for newer consoles and computers in 2015, and their first foray into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7929735", "chunk_text": "\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\nRoyale\"\" made over daily; following the launch of Season 5, revenues jumped to per day. At the time of Tencent's investment into Epic in 2012, Epic Games had a valuation. Because of \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\", Epic's valuation increased to . \"\"Bloomberg\"\" raised the estimate to around by the end of 2018 should \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\" reach during the year. Partially due to the influx of revenue from \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\", Epic reduced its portion of sales it collected from the Unreal Engine Marketplace from 30% to 12% in July 2018, applying that retroactively to past sales. Journalists attributed \"\"Fortnite Battle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13255914", "chunk_text": "\"Fortnite: Save the World\"\nThe game is supported through microtransactions to purchase in-game currency that can be used towards these upgrades. A standalone battle royale game version, \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\", was released for the same platforms in September 2017. Following the release, the player-versus-environment mode was officially distinguished as \"\"Save the World\"\". One day, 98% of Earth's human population suddenly disappeared, and the remaining humans found the skies covered in dense clouds, creating chaotic storms that dropped husks: humanoid zombie-like creatures that attacked the living. The survivors found ways to construct \"\"storm shields\"\", a field that cleared the storm clouds from immediately overhead and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1036901", "chunk_text": "\"Cross-platform play\"\ngoing away\"\". With the release of \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\" on the Nintendo Switch during E3 2018 in June, Sony's approach to cross-platform play drew further criticism. The game supports cross-platform play across personal computer, Xbox One, and mobile devices, with players normally able to use a single Epic Games account, which may be linked to a platform-specific account, to carry over progress and purchases between any of those platforms; the Nintendo Switch version also works in this same manner. However, players found that if their Epic Games account was tied to a PlayStation Network account, they could not use that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6889098", "chunk_text": "\"The Warriors (video game)\"\nLeeds. The game was first released on PS2 and Xbox on October 17, 2005 in the United States and October 21, 2005 in Europe. The original Xbox version featured 720p resolution; marking the first Rockstar game with HD graphics for home consoles. The game was then released on the PlayStation 3 on May 28, 2013 in the United States and May 29, 2013 in Europe via the PlayStation Network. The game was released on the PlayStation 4 on July 5, 2016 in the United States and Europe via the PlayStation Network. However, due to licensing restrictions, as of 2016 several", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13786416", "chunk_text": "\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\nmeans to merge multiple Epic accounts as well as unlinking console accounts from an Epic account to attach to another are planned for release in November 2018. Solo mobile players, or squads entirely consisting of mobile players will play solely with other mobile players by default for fairness; players however can use cross-platform play to join squads on other platforms, and matchmaking will consider all available matches. In May 2018, Epic announced a partnership with sports apparel manufacturing company IMG to produce official \"\"Fortnite\"\"-themed clothing. A Hasbro-licensed \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\"-themed version of \"\"Monopoly\"\" was announced for release by late 2018;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14809761", "chunk_text": "\"Battle royal\"\nin the 2010s. There are a number of popular battle royale video games, films, manga, anime, and visual novels. Along with the \"\"Battle Royale\"\" franchise itself, other examples of battle royale films include \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" franchise (2008 debut), \"\"The Purge\"\" series (2013 debut), and \"\"Assassination Nation\"\" (2018). Popular examples of battle royale games include \"\"PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds\"\" (2017), and \"\"Fortnite Battle Royale\"\" (2018). Along with the \"\"Battle Royale\"\" manga (2000 debut), other examples of battle royale manga and anime include \"\"Basilisk\"\" (2003 debut), \"\"Bokurano\"\" (2003 debut), the \"\"Fate/stay night\"\" franchise (2004 debut), \"\"Future Diary\"\" (2006 debut), \"\"Deadman Wonderland\"\" (2007 debut),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2480734", "chunk_text": "\"Paragon (video game)\"\nand that they did not fix the roster size. A retail PS4 version titled \"\"Essentials Edition\"\", which adds multiple in-game items, was also set to be released alongside the game's digital free-to-play version, and released on June 7, 2016. Upon release of Epic's \"\"Fortnite\"\"s \"\"Battle Royale\"\" mode in late 2017, Epic decided to reduce the development team supporting the game in favor of \"\"Fortnite,\"\" as \"\"Paragon's\"\" limited growth did not meet expectations. Ultimately, in January 2018, Epic announced they would be closing down \"\"Paragon\"\" by April of that year, providing full refunds to all players. Following the cancellation of \"\"Paragon\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_314	who was the first baseball player to be featured on a postage stamp?	n/a	[ "Jackie Robinson" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12119159", "chunk_text": "\"Edwin Stanton\"\nthree-volley salute was issued, ending the ceremony. Edwin Stanton was the second American other than a U.S. President to appear on a U.S. postage issue, the first being Benjamin Franklin, who appeared on a stamp in 1847. The only Stanton stamp was issued March 6, 1871. This was also the only stamp issued by the post office that year. The Stanton 7-cent stamp paid the single rate postage for letters sent from the U.S. to various countries in Europe. A distinctive engraved portrait of Stanton appeared on U.S. paper money in 1890 and 1891. The bills are called \"\"treasury notes\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14497241", "chunk_text": "\"Mel Ott\"\nof Dreams\"\", Ott was one of several deceased players portrayed in farmer Ray Kinsella's Iowa cornfield. In 2006, Ott was featured on a United States postage stamp, as one of a block of four honoring \"\"Baseball Sluggers\"\" — the others being Mickey Mantle, Hank Greenberg, and Roy Campanella. In announcing the stamps, the U.S. Postal Service stated, \"\"Remembered as powerful hitters who wowed fans with awesome and often record-breaking home runs, these four men were also versatile players who helped to lead their teams to victory and set impressive standards for subsequent generations\"\". Ott is also remembered in the name", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14098563", "chunk_text": "\"Postage stamp\"\nof Emperor Pedro II, so his image would not be disfigured by a postmark. In 1845 some postmasters in the United States issued their own stamps, but it was not until 1847 that the first official U.S. stamps were issued: 5 and 10 cent issues depicting Benjamin Franklin and George Washington. A few other countries issued stamps in the late 1840s. The famous Mauritius \"\"Post Office\"\" stamps were issued by Mauritius in September 1847. Many others, such as India, started their use in the 1850s, and by the 1860s most countries issued stamps. Perforation of postage stamps began in January", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6744401", "chunk_text": "\"Baseball bat\"\nprecise calibration points; today they are machine-turned to a fixed metal template. Historically significant templates may be kept in a bat manufacturers' vault; for example, Babe Ruth's template, which became popular among major-league players, is \"\"R43\"\" in the Louisville Slugger archives. Ruth favored a thinner handle than was the norm in the 1920s, and his success caused most Once the basic bat has been turned, it has the manufacturer's name, the serial number, and often the signature of the player endorsing it branded into it opposite the wood's best side. Honus Wagner was the first player to endorse and sign", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8735614", "chunk_text": "\"Rube Foster\"\npostage stamps in June honoring Negro leagues Baseball. On July 17, 2010, the Postal Service issued a se-tenant pair of 44-cent, first-class, U.S. commemorative postage stamps, to honor the all-black professional baseball leagues that operated from 1920 to about 1960. One of the stamps depicts Foster, along with his name and the words \"\"NEGRO LEAGUES BASEBALL\"\". The stamps were formally issued at the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum, during the celebration of the museum's twentieth anniversary. The Negro Leagues Baseball Museum hosts the annual Andrew \"\"Rube\"\" Foster Lecture, in September. Rube Foster Andrew \"\"Rube\"\" Foster (September 17, 1879 – December 9,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1243683", "chunk_text": "\"Postage stamps and postal history of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines\"\nStates of America. By 1983 the stamps began to show a series of automobile and locomotive stamps, which continued until 1986. As well as showing footballers on the 1986 stamps honouring the 1986 World Cup, as well as cricketers on the 1988 stamps. Around 1988 the country became a client of the Inter-Governmental Philatelic Corporation, after which the island began to issue stamps of baseball players from 1988 until the mid-1990s, such as Babe Ruth on the 1988 issue. This was followed by Disney themed Christmas stamps of 1988, featuring Mickey Mouse and his friends. By the early-1990s an excessive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6577091", "chunk_text": "\"Josh Gibson\"\nearly – he was heartbroken.\"\" In 1972, Gibson and Buck Leonard became the second and third players, behind Satchel Paige, inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame based on their careers in the Negro leagues. Gibson's Hall of Fame plaque claims \"\"almost 800\"\" home runs for his career. The U.S. Postal Service issued a 33-cent U.S. commemorative postage stamp which features a painting of Gibson and includes his name. In 2000, he ranked 18th on \"\"The Sporting News\"\"' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, the highest-ranking of five players to have played all or most of their careers in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3101705", "chunk_text": "\"Trading card\"\n1860s by a sporting goods company, around the time baseball became a professional sport. Most of the baseball cards around the beginning of the 20th century came in candy and tobacco products. It was during this era that the most valuable baseball card ever printed was produced - the infamous T206 tobacco card featuring Honus Wagner. The T206 Set, distributed by the American Tobacco Company in 1909, is considered by collectors to be the most popular set of all time. In 1933, Goudey Gum Company of Boston issued baseball cards with players biographies on the backs and was the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17788396", "chunk_text": "\"Hal Chase\"\nHal Chase Harold Homer Chase (February 13, 1883 – May 18, 1947), nicknamed \"\"Prince Hal\"\", was a first baseman and manager in Major League Baseball, widely viewed as the best fielder at his position. During his career, he played for the New York Highlanders (1905–1913), Chicago White Sox (1913–1914), Buffalo Blues (1914–1915), Cincinnati Reds (1916–1918), and New York Giants (1919). No lesser figures than Babe Ruth and Walter Johnson named Chase the best first baseman ever, and contemporary reports described his glovework as outstanding. He is sometimes considered the first true star of the franchise that would eventually become the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17183720", "chunk_text": "\"Postage stamps and postal history of the United States\"\nWith the exceptions of George Washington and Benjamin Franklin, Lincoln appears on US Postage more than any other famous American. The first self-adhesive stamp was a 10 cent stamp from the Christmas issue of 1974. It was not considered successful, and the surviving stamps, though not rare, are all gradually becoming discolored due to the adhesive used. Self-adhesives were not issued again until 1989, gradually becoming so popular that , only a handful of types are offered with the traditional gum (now affectionately called \"\"manual stamps\"\" by postal employees). The increasing frequency of postal rate increases from the 1970s on,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3068596", "chunk_text": "\"Postage stamps and postal history of the United States\"\nlettering and ornamentation. Up through the 22¢ Cleveland stamp, the denomination assigned to each president corresponds to his position in the presidential roster: thus the first president, Washington, is on the 1¢ value, the seventeenth, Andrew Johnson, is on the 17¢ value, etc. Additional stamps depict Franklin (½¢), Martha Washington (1½¢), and the White House (4½¢). Many of the values were included merely to place the presidents in proper numerical order and did not necessarily correspond to a postal rate; and one of the (difficult) games for Prexie collectors is to find a cover with, for instance, a single 16¢", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7677227", "chunk_text": "\"Tom Winsett\"\nruns (32), hits (83), doubles (15), triples (5), home runs (5) and runs batted in (42). Winsett was a .237 career hitter with eight home runs and 76 RBI in 118 games. On April 25, 1938, he was the first baseball player to be featured on the cover of \"\"LIFE\"\" magazine, with an inside caption which read: \"\"The rubber-legged batter on the cover is John Thomas Winsett, of McKenzie, Tenn. one of the most curious players on the most curious team in the major leagues. He plays right field for the Brooklyn National League Baseball Club, better known as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8262557", "chunk_text": "\"Topps baseball card products\"\nAthletics, after moving from Kansas City to Oakland, are pictured wearing blacked out caps with green bills. Topps generally put the biggest stars on card numbers ending in x00 or x50. For example, in the 1966 set, Mickey Mantle is card #50 and Sandy Koufax is card #100. In 1965, Willie Mays is card #250. Other star players were put on card numbers ending in zero (10, 20, 140, 270, etc.) and minor stars were put on cards ending in \"\"5\"\". Topps continues this numbering system (at least to a degree) today. Topps baseball card products The Topps Company has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3477480", "chunk_text": "Topps\nundertaking was not very successful, however, and Topps unloaded the site on Naxcom in January 2006. The amount of the transaction was not disclosed, but Topps charged a $3.7 million after-tax loss on its books in connection with the sale. Topps grabbed collectors' attention early in 2007 when the new card of Yankees' shortstop Derek Jeter was found to have been altered to include an image of Mickey Mantle standing in the dugout and President George W. Bush walking through the stands. In 2009, Topps become the first official baseball card of MLB in over thirty years. The first product", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1761058", "chunk_text": "\"Jackie Robinson\"\nJackie Robinson Jack Roosevelt Robinson (January 31, 1919 – October 24, 1972) was an American professional baseball player who became the first African American to play in Major League Baseball (MLB) in the modern era. Robinson broke the baseball color line when the Brooklyn Dodgers started him at first base on April 15, 1947. When the Dodgers signed Robinson, they heralded the end of racial segregation in professional baseball that had relegated black players to the Negro leagues since the 1880s. Robinson was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962. Robinson had an exceptional 10-year MLB career. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3477446", "chunk_text": "Topps\na significant amount of \"\"Hoppy\"\" merchandising. When Topps next introduced baseball cards as a product, the cards immediately became its primary emphasis. The \"\"father of the modern baseball card\"\" was Sy Berger. In the autumn of 1951, Berger, then a 28-year-old veteran of World War II, designed the 1952 Topps baseball card set with Woody Gelman on the kitchen table of his apartment on Alabama Avenue in Brooklyn. The card design included a player's name, photo, facsimile autograph, team name and logo on the front; and the player's height, weight, bats, throws, birthplace, birthday, stats and a short biography on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3563467", "chunk_text": "\"Ty Cobb\"\nTy Cobb Tyrus Raymond Cobb (December 18, 1886 – July 17, 1961), nicknamed The Georgia Peach, was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) outfielder. He was born in rural Narrows, Georgia. Cobb spent 22 seasons with the Detroit Tigers, the last six as the team's player-manager, and finished his career with the Philadelphia Athletics. In 1936 Cobb received the most votes of any player on the inaugural Baseball Hall of Fame ballot, receiving 222 out of a possible 226 votes (98.2%); no other player received a higher percentage of votes until Tom Seaver in 1992. In 1999, editors at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17183702", "chunk_text": "\"Postage stamps and postal history of the United States\"\nmonths, commemorating America's famous Authors, Poets, Educators, Scientists, Composers, Artists and Inventors. The Educators included Booker T. Washington, who now became the first African-American to be honored on a U.S. stamp. This series of Postage issues was printed by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. These stamps were larger in size than normal definitive issues, with only 280 stamp images contained on the printing plate (400 images was standard for the Presidential series). Notable also is the red-violet color chosen for the 3¢ stamps, a brighter hue than the traditional purple. Authors: Washington Irving - James Fenimore Cooper - Ralph", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5004615", "chunk_text": "\"Series of 1902 (United States postage stamps)\"\na feminist breakthrough: Martha Washington, appearing on the 8¢ value, became the first woman ever featured on a U. S. definitive stamp, an innovation publicized well in advance. (That denomination had belonged to General William Tecumseh Sherman in both the First Bureau Issue and the American Banknote series that preceded it.) The recently deceased Benjamin Harrison graced the 13¢ value—the first 13¢ stamp ever offered by the U. S. Post Office; while the $1 denomination, which had been devoted to Oliver Perry in the First Bureau Series, was now reassigned to a more recent naval hero, Admiral David Farragut. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3389861", "chunk_text": "\"Postage stamps and postal history of the Canal Zone\"\nin denominations of 1c, 2c, 5c 8c and 10c. Benjamin Franklin became the first historical figure to appear on Canal Zone Postage. The overprinting was conducted in Washington D.C. These were the first U.S. stamps overprinted for use in the Canal Zone, and consisted of a huge quantity on 10-million stamps. As the stamps featured American historical figures, such as Benjamin Franklin, George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, they were generally not well received by the largely Panamanian population in and around the Canal Zone. These issues were briefly used for less than five months and were taken off sale as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12761252", "chunk_text": "\"Baseball Card Adventures\"\nin a coma, he learns about another baseball player who wasn't so lucky – Ray Chapman. When Joe recovers from his accident, he goes back to 1920 and attempts to save Chapman from an event that changed baseball history forever. Joe meets player and humanitarian Roberto Clemente, before traveling forward to 2080 to see the damage caused by global warming. An FBI agent, who found out about Joe's power, comes and sends Joe back in time with a Ted Williams card to warn President Franklin D. Roosevelt about the attack on Pearl Harbor. On the advice of Ralph Branca, Joe", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18677984", "chunk_text": "\"Baseball card\"\nlogo printed on the face of the card. The rookie card logo shows the words \"\"rookie card\"\" over a baseball bat and home plate with the Major League Baseball logo in the top left corner. Baseball cards garnered national media attention again in early 2007, when it was found that Topps' new Derek Jeter card had allegedly been altered just prior to final printing. A reported prankster inside the company had inserted a photo of Mickey Mantle into the Yankees' dugout and another showing a smiling President George W. Bush waving from the stands. Topps Spokesman Clay Luraschi later admitted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1152051", "chunk_text": "\"Ty Cobb\"\nregularly recorded until 1920. Ty Cobb Tyrus Raymond Cobb (December 18, 1886 – July 17, 1961), nicknamed The Georgia Peach, was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) outfielder. He was born in rural Narrows, Georgia. Cobb spent 22 seasons with the Detroit Tigers, the last six as the team's player-manager, and finished his career with the Philadelphia Athletics. In 1936 Cobb received the most votes of any player on the inaugural Baseball Hall of Fame ballot, receiving 222 out of a possible 226 votes (98.2%); no other player received a higher percentage of votes until Tom Seaver in 1992. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13920612", "chunk_text": "\"Prize (marketing)\"\nBack Alive\"\" cards featuring Frank Buck on big game hunts in Africa; and All-American football cards. Topps introduced the topic of baseball in trading cards in 1951, and Sy Berger created the first modern baseball card, complete with playing record and statistics, produced by Topps in 1952. The 1952 Topps Mickey Mantle card is one of the most desirable baseball cards for collectors. Topps purchased the Bowman Gum company in 1956. Topps was the leader in the trading card industry from 1956 to 1980, not only in sports cards. Many of the top selling non-sports cards were produced by Topps,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17346604", "chunk_text": "\"Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps\"\na bust of Washington by sculptor Jean Antoine Houdon. At the start of the 20th century, George Washington continued to be the most prominent subject depicted on the face of U.S. postage stamps. Washington would remain the most prevalent figure on U.S. postage for most of the 20th century. Only Benjamin Franklin is second to Washington, in part because Franklin is depicted on the numerous denominations of the Washington–Franklin series almost as often as Washington. Ironically, George Washington did not appear on a \"\"commemorative\"\" issue until 1925 when he was featured on a commemorating another historical event. The Washington–Franklin Issues", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3529160", "chunk_text": "\"Piggy Ward\"\nPiggy Ward Frank Gray \"\"Piggy\"\" Ward (April 16, 1867 – October 24, 1912) was a professional baseball player who played as an outfielder in Major League Baseball from 1883 through 1894. He played for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Baltimore Orioles, Cincinnati Reds, Washington Senators, and Philadelphia Phillies. Ward shares with Earl D. Averill the MLB record of the most consecutive plate appearances resulting in officially getting on base (through either a walk, a base hit or being hit by a pitch) in major league history. From June 16 to June 19 in 1893, Ward officially reached base a record 17 times", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16835246", "chunk_text": "\"Cap Anson\"\nin 1899. Cap Anson Adrian Constantine Anson (April 17, 1852 – April 14, 1922), nicknamed \"\"Cap\"\" (for \"\"Captain\"\") and \"\"Pop\"\", was a Major League Baseball (MLB) first baseman. Including his time in the National Association (NA), he played a record 27 consecutive seasons. Anson was regarded as one of the greatest players of his era and one of the first superstars of the game. Anson spent most of his career with the Chicago Cubs franchise (then known as the \"\"White Stockings\"\" and later the \"\"Colts\"\"), serving as the club's manager, first baseman and, later in his tenure, minority owner. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17183634", "chunk_text": "\"Postage stamps and postal history of the United States\"\nLater that year, Daniel Webster rose in the U.S. Senate to recommend that the recent English postal reforms—standardized rates and the use of postage stamps—be adopted in America. It would be private enterprise, however, that brought stamps to the U. S. On February 1, 1842 a new carrier service called \"\"City Despatch Post\"\" began operations in New York City, introducing the first adhesive postage stamp ever produced in the western hemisphere, which it required its clients to use for all mail. This stamp was a 3¢ issue bearing a rather amateurish drawing of George Washington, printed from line engraved plates", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6559092", "chunk_text": "\"Cap Anson\"\nCap Anson Adrian Constantine Anson (April 17, 1852 – April 14, 1922), nicknamed \"\"Cap\"\" (for \"\"Captain\"\") and \"\"Pop\"\", was a Major League Baseball (MLB) first baseman. Including his time in the National Association (NA), he played a record 27 consecutive seasons. Anson was regarded as one of the greatest players of his era and one of the first superstars of the game. Anson spent most of his career with the Chicago Cubs franchise (then known as the \"\"White Stockings\"\" and later the \"\"Colts\"\"), serving as the club's manager, first baseman and, later in his tenure, minority owner. He led the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20538527", "chunk_text": "\"Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps\"\nAmong the most definitive is George Washington, whose engraving (along with that of Benjamin Franklin) appeared on the released by the U.S. Post Office, on July 1 of 1847. Thomas Jefferson first appeared on U.S. postage in March 1856, nine years after the first issues were released. Fifteen years of stamp issuance would pass before Andrew Jackson would appear on a U.S. postage stamp. However, by this time, Jackson had already been presented on two Confederate stamps (both 2-cent values), making him the only U.S. president introduced to postage by the Confederacy rather than the U.S. Post Office. Abraham Lincoln", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15250423", "chunk_text": "\"Joe Louis\"\na pyramidal framework. It represents the power of his punch both inside and outside the ring. In an interview with Arsenio Hall in the late 1980s, Muhammad Ali stated that his two biggest influences in boxing were Sugar Ray Robinson and Joe Louis. On February 27, 2010, an bronze statue of Louis was unveiled in his Alabama hometown. The statue, by sculptor Casey Downing, Jr., sits on a base of red granite outside the Chambers County Courthouse. In 1993, he became the first boxer to be honored on a postage stamp issued by the U.S. Postal Service. Various other facilities", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9187643", "chunk_text": "\"Edward Haven Mason\"\nMuseum. Mason was the son of United States Attorney David H. Mason and the brother of attorney and football coach Frank A. Mason. Edward Haven Mason Edward Haven Mason (June 8, 1849 – March 21, 1917), of Boston, Massachusetts, was the first philatelist to study, and to write on, proofs and essays of United States postage stamps and postal stationery. Mason specialized in collecting and studying proofs and essays related to United States postal history, and wrote extensively on the subject. His books include: \"\"Essays for United States Postage Stamps\"\", published in 1911, \"\"The Proofs and Essays for U.S. Envelopes\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3477473", "chunk_text": "Topps\nlarge, widely distributed sets to compete directly with Topps, packaged with gum. When the ruling was overturned on appeal in August 1981, Topps appeared to have regained its monopoly, but both of its competitors instead began packaging their cards with other baseball items — logo stickers from Fleer, and cardboard puzzle pieces from Donruss. The puzzles, created by baseball artists Dick Perez for Perez Steele, included Warren Spahn, Hank Aaron, Mickey Mantle and a dozen others. Other manufacturers later followed, but Topps remains one of the leading brands in the baseball card hobby. In response to the competition, Topps began", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "517160", "chunk_text": "\"US Regular Issues of 1922–31\"\nstill offered the traditional portraits. This series of postage stamps was the fourth to be printed by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, in Washington D.C.. Postal history \"\"firsts\"\" in these \"\"Regular issues\"\" included the first fractional-value postage stamps, the first stamp to pay tribute to the Statue of Liberty and the first postage stamps to honor Warren G. Harding, Rutherford B. Hayes, Grover Cleveland, Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson and William Howard Taft. Upon release these \"\"Regular Issues\"\" were initially printed on the \"\"flat-plate\"\" printing press, into which sheets were inserted one at a time, but shortly thereafter they were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5567194", "chunk_text": "\"Postage stamp\"\nholes, but the machine was soon modified. The first stamp issue to be officially perforated, the 3-cent George Washington, was issued by the U.S. Post Office on February 24, 1857. Between 1857 and 1861 all stamps originally issued between 1851 and 1856 were reissued with perforations. Initial capacity was insufficient to perforate all stamps printed, thus perforated issues used between February and July 1857 are scarce and quite valuable. In addition to the most common rectangular shape, stamps have been issued in geometric (circular, triangular and pentagonal) and irregular shapes. The United States issued its first circular stamp in 2000", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14964098", "chunk_text": "\"Dickey Pearce\"\nDickey Pearce Richard J. Pearce (February 29, 1836 – September 18, 1908) known as Dickey Pearce was an American professional baseball player and one of the sport's most famous early figures. He was born in Brooklyn, New York, and began playing with the Brooklyn Atlantics in 1856. He continued his career in the National Association and the early years of Major League Baseball. It is possible Pearce was one of the first baseball players to earn money for playing the game professionally. Pearce is given credit for pioneering the shortstop position. Pearce introduced his \"\"tricky hit\"\" to baseball, known today", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17090878", "chunk_text": "\"Willie Keeler\"\nWillie Keeler William Henry Keeler (March 3, 1872 – January 1, 1923), nicknamed \"\"Wee Willie\"\", was a right fielder in Major League Baseball who played from 1892 to 1910, primarily for the Baltimore Orioles and Brooklyn Superbas in the National League, and the New York Highlanders in the American League. Keeler, one of the best hitters of his time, was elected into the National Baseball Hall of Fame. One of the greatest contact hitters of all time and notoriously hard to strike out, Keeler has the highest career at bats-per-strikeout ratio in MLB history: throughout his career, on average he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3349917", "chunk_text": "\"Johnny Mize\"\nMcCarthy, Ken O'Dea, and $50,000. Mize was involved in a 1941 lawsuit against Gum Products Inc. The company manufactured a set of baseball cards called Double Play. Mize sued because he argued that the company did not have his consent to use his image in the card set. Gum Products Inc. won the lawsuit, but the company stopped producing its Double Play series because of the expenses it incurred during the legal proceedings with Mize. The Giants pursued Mize after learning that their first baseman, Babe Young, was going to be forced into military service. In 1942, Mize hit for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8357952", "chunk_text": "\"Pop Smith\"\nPop Smith Charles Marv \"\"Pop\"\" Smith (October 12, 1856 – April 18, 1927) was a Canadian Major League Baseball player from Digby, Nova Scotia, Canada. Pop played as an infielder for ten different teams over his 12-year career, spanning from to . On April 17, 1890, Smith became the first player to come up to the plate 6 times and not have an official-at-bat. He received 5 walks and was a hit by the pitcher in the remaining at-bat. Smith died in Boston, Massachusetts at the age of 70, and was buried in Evergreen Cemetery in Brighton, Massachusetts. In 2005,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17183660", "chunk_text": "\"Postage stamps and postal history of the United States\"\nBank Note Company to produce new stamps with a variety of designs. These came out in 1869, and were notable for the variety of their subjects; the 2¢ depicted a Pony Express rider, the 3¢ a locomotive, the 12¢ the steamship \"\"Adriatic\"\", the 15¢ the landing of Christopher Columbus, and the 24¢ the signing of the Declaration of Independence. Other innovations in what has become known as the 1869 Pictorial Issue included the first use of two-color printing on U.S. stamps, and as a consequence the first invert errors. Although popular with collectors today, the unconventional stamps were not very", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20795359", "chunk_text": "\"Baseball card\"\nAnother famous one, from 1911, is Joe Tinker. At the same time, many other non-tobacco companies started producing and distributing baseball trade cards to the public. Between 1909 and 1911, The American Caramel Company produced the E90-1 series and 1911 saw the introduction of the 'Zee Nut' card. These sets were produced over a 28-year span by the Collins-McCarthy Company of California. By the mid-teens companies such as \"\"The Sporting News\"\" magazine began sponsoring card issues. Caramel companies like Rueckheim Bros. & Eckstein were among the first to put 'prizes' in their boxes. In 1914, they produced the first of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20100368", "chunk_text": "\"Baseball card\"\nBaseball card A baseball card is a type of trading card relating to baseball, usually printed on cardboard, silk, or plastic. These cards feature one or more baseball players, teams, stadiums, or celebrities. Baseball cards are most often found in the U.S. but are also common in countries such as Canada, Cuba, Japan and Puerto Rico where top-level leagues are present with a substantial fan base to support them. Some companies that are notable for making these cards include Topps, Upper Deck Company, and Panini Group. Previous manufacturers include Fleer (now a brand name owned by Upper Deck), Bowman (now", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20100424", "chunk_text": "\"Baseball card\"\nBaseball card A baseball card is a type of trading card relating to baseball, usually printed on cardboard, silk, or plastic. These cards feature one or more baseball players, teams, stadiums, or celebrities. Baseball cards are most often found in the U.S. but are also common in countries such as Canada, Cuba, Japan and Puerto Rico where top-level leagues are present with a substantial fan base to support them. Some companies that are notable for making these cards include Topps, Upper Deck Company, and Panini Group. Previous manufacturers include Fleer (now a brand name owned by Upper Deck), Bowman (now", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "495696", "chunk_text": "\"Chuck Dobson\"\nChuck Dobson Charles Thomas Dobson (born January 10, 1944) is a retired professional baseball player who played 9 seasons for the Kansas City and Oakland Athletics, and the California Angels of Major League Baseball. He may be best remembered as the first white MLB player to room with an African-American player on the road, Reggie Jackson. He is featured in the photograph of the first live action in game photo ever to appear on a baseball card. He is the player sliding into home on Thurman Munson's 1971 Topps #5 baseball card. Chuck was the winning pitcher in the game", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17346594", "chunk_text": "\"Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps\"\never saw the finished paintings. The two portraits remained unfinished and tacked to a door in Stuart's Boston studio until his death in 1828. In 1860, artist Rembrandt Peale , filling in where this artist had left off. Stuart's portrait of Washington became the model image for a good number of postage issues of the 19th and 20th centuries. George Washington remains the central figure found on U.S. postage. The first president appears on the face of U.S. postage more than any other president. The engraved images of Washington found on the early issues set the precedent that all U.S.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13255307", "chunk_text": "\"Babe Ruth\"\nsecond-greatest U.S. athlete of the century, behind Michael Jordan. In 1983, the United States Postal Service honored Ruth with the issuance of a twenty-cent stamp. Several of the most expensive items of sports memorabilia and baseball memorabilia ever sold at auction are associated with Ruth. , the most expensive piece of sports memorabilia ever sold is Ruth's 1920 Yankees jersey, which sold for $4,415,658 in 2012. The bat with which he hit the first home run at Yankee Stadium is in \"\"The Guinness Book of World Records\"\" as the most expensive baseball bat sold at auction, having fetched $1,265,000 on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16872109", "chunk_text": "\"Billy Maharg\"\nBilly Maharg William Joseph Maharg, also known as William Joseph Graham, (March 19, 1881 – November 20, 1953) was a professional boxer that has three distinct historical connections with Major League Baseball—first, as a replacement player in the 1912 Detroit Tigers' players strike; second, for a one-game stint with the Philadelphia Phillies in 1916, and third, for his role in the 1919 Chicago Black Sox Scandal. Maharg's first appearance in baseball came on May 18, 1912. Three days earlier, Ty Cobb jumped into the stands and attacked a handicapped heckler who had been taunting Cobb, calling him a \"\"half-nigger\"\". The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20795357", "chunk_text": "\"Baseball card\"\nof baseball players were often included on cigarette cards with cigarette packs and other tobacco products. This was partly for promotional purposes and partly because the card helped protect the cigarettes from damage. By the end of the century, baseball had become so popular that production had spread well beyond the Americas and into the Pacific Isles. By the turn of the century, most baseball cards were produced by confectionery companies and tobacco companies. The first major set of the 20th century was issued by the Breisch-Williams Company in 1903. Breisch-Williams was a confectionery company based in Oxford, Pennsylvania. Soon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17183673", "chunk_text": "\"Postage stamps and postal history of the United States\"\ntime it had largely been supplanted by Priority Mail delivery, introduced in 1989.) The 1885 Special Delivery issue was the first U.S. postage stamp designed in the double-width format. Eight years later, this shape would be chosen for the Columbian Exposition commemoratives, as it offered appropriate space for historical tableaux. The double-width layout would subsequently be employed in many United States Commemoratives. The World Columbian Exposition of 1893 commemorated the 400th anniversary of the landing of Christopher Columbus in the Americas. The Post Office got in on the act, issuing a series of 16 stamps depicting Columbus and episodes in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7776686", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Wright\"\nHarry Wright William Henry \"\"Harry\"\" Wright (January 10, 1835 – October 3, 1895) was an English-born American professional baseball player, manager, and developer. He assembled, managed, and played center field for baseball's first fully professional team, the 1869 Cincinnati Red Stockings. It was there where he is credited with introducing innovations such as backing up infield plays from the outfield and shifting defensive alignments based on hitters' tendencies. For his contributions as a manager and developer of the game, he was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1952 by the Veterans Committee. Wright was also the first to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_315	when did movies start coming out in color?	n/a	[ "introduced around 1940", "1895" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11073333", "chunk_text": "\"History of film\"\nPictures in 1937. 1939, a major year for American cinema, brought such films as \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\" and \"\"Gone with The Wind\"\". Previously, it was believed that color films were first projected in 1909 at the Palace Theatre in London (the main problem with the color being that the technique, created by George Smith, (Kinemacolor) only used two colors: green and red, which were mixed additively). But in fact, it was in 1901 when the first color film in history was created. This untitled film was directed by photographer Edward Raymond Turner and his patron Frederick Marshall Lee. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5175045", "chunk_text": "\"Natural color\"\nthe years. In 1932, Walt Disney released the first three-color Technicolor film, \"\"Flowers and Trees\"\". 1939, which is considered by many film buffs as Hollywood's greatest year, had hits in color, such as \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\", \"\"The Women\"\", \"\"Dodge City\"\" and the most successful of them all, \"\"Gone with the Wind\"\". Natural color Natural color was a term used in the beginning of film and later on in the 1920s, and early 1930s as a color film process that actually filmed color images, rather than a color tinted or colorized movie. The first natural color processes were in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8598142", "chunk_text": "\"Color motion picture film\"\nColor motion picture film Color motion picture film refers both to unexposed color photographic film in a format suitable for use in a motion picture camera, and to finished motion picture film, ready for use in a projector, which bears images in color. The first color cinematography was by additive color systems such as the one patented by Edward Raymond Turner in 1899 and tested in 1902. A simplified additive system was successfully commercialised in 1909 as Kinemacolor. These early systems used black-and-white film to photograph and project two or more component images through different color filters. Around 1920, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "244574", "chunk_text": "Technicolor\nTechnicolor Technicolor is a series of color motion picture processes, the first version dating from 1916, and followed by improved versions over several decades. It was the second major color process, after Britain's Kinemacolor, and the most widely used color process in Hollywood from 1922 to 1952. Technicolor became known and celebrated for its highly saturated color, and was initially most commonly used for filming musicals such as \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\" (1939) and \"\"Down Argentine Way\"\" (1940), costume pictures such as \"\"The Adventures of Robin Hood\"\" (1938) and \"\"Gone with the Wind\"\" (1939), and animated films such as \"\"Snow", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11887536", "chunk_text": "\"Color motion picture film\"\nnitrate film copied to black-and-white 35 mm film, which was then scanned into a digital video format by telecine. Finally, digital image processing was used to align and combine each group of three frames into one color image. The result is that the whole world can now view brief motion pictures from 1902 in full color. Practical color in the motion picture business began with Kinemacolor, first demonstrated in 1906. This was a two-color system created in England by George Albert Smith, and promoted by film pioneer Charles Urban's The Charles Urban Trading Company in 1908. It was used for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11887526", "chunk_text": "\"Color motion picture film\"\nand green light, but not red. Recording all three spectral regions required making film stock panchromatic to some degree. Since orthochromatic film stock hindered color photography in its beginnings, the first films with color in them used aniline dyes to create artificial color. Hand-colored films appeared in 1895 with Thomas Edison's hand-painted \"\"Annabelle's Dance\"\" for his Kinetoscope viewers. Many early filmmakers from the first ten years of film also used this method to some degree. George Méliès offered hand-painted prints of his own films at an additional cost over the black-and-white versions, including the visual-effects pioneering \"\"A Trip to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18400355", "chunk_text": "\"History of film technology\"\nfirst short live-action film was \"\"La Cucaracha\"\" (1934), and the first all-color feature in \"\"New Technicolor\"\" was \"\"Becky Sharp\"\" (1935). The proliferation of television in the early 1950s contributed to a heavy mid-century push for color within the film industry. In 1947, only 12 percent of American films were made in color. By 1954, that number had risen to over 50 percent. The color boom was aided by the breakup of Technicolor's near-monopoly on the medium. The last stand of black-and-white films made by or released through the major Hollywood studios came in the mid-1960s, after which the use of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11887568", "chunk_text": "\"Color motion picture film\"\na new line of advanced emulsions, with Super Nano-structure Σ Grain Technology. Color motion picture film Color motion picture film refers both to unexposed color photographic film in a format suitable for use in a motion picture camera, and to finished motion picture film, ready for use in a projector, which bears images in color. The first color cinematography was by additive color systems such as the one patented by Edward Raymond Turner in 1899 and tested in 1902. A simplified additive system was successfully commercialised in 1909 as Kinemacolor. These early systems used black-and-white film to photograph and project", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16482755", "chunk_text": "\"Natural color\"\nof the first movies to use subtractive color was a silent film titled \"\"Cupid Angling\"\" (1918). In 1932, Walt Disney made the first film to use a red, green and blue color process (Technicolor), \"\"Flowers and Trees\"\". Three years later, the first feature length movie to be filmed entirely in 3-color Technicolor was \"\"Becky Sharp\"\". The first color features were made in the 1910s. The very first was \"\"With Our King and Queen Through India\"\" (1912). In 1917, Technicolor made their first film, a two-color additive film entitled \"\"The Gulf Between\"\" (1917), \"\"The Gulf Between\"\" was also the first color", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11887548", "chunk_text": "\"Color motion picture film\"\nshort live-action film was \"\"La Cucaracha\"\" (1934), and the first feature was \"\"Becky Sharp\"\" (1935). Gasparcolor, a single-strip 3-color system, was developed in 1933 by the Hungarian chemist Dr. Bela Gaspar. The real push for color films and the nearly immediate changeover from black-and-white production to nearly all color film were pushed forward by the prevalence of television in the early 1950s. In 1947, only 12 percent of American films were made in color. By 1954, that number rose to over 50 percent. The rise in color films was also aided by the breakup of Technicolor's near monopoly on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14263695", "chunk_text": "Technicolor\nto be used in Hollywood, usually in films set in the mid-20th century. Parts of \"\"The Aviator\"\" (2004), the biopic of Howard Hughes, were digitally manipulated to imitate color processes that were available during the periods each scene takes place. Technicolor Technicolor is a series of color motion picture processes, the first version dating from 1916, and followed by improved versions over several decades. It was the second major color process, after Britain's Kinemacolor, and the most widely used color process in Hollywood from 1922 to 1952. Technicolor became known and celebrated for its highly saturated color, and was initially", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11887531", "chunk_text": "\"Color motion picture film\"\nin a sepia-toning solution to evoke the feeling of old photographs of the day. Tinting was used as late as 1951 for Sam Newfield's sci-fi film \"\"Lost Continent\"\" for the green lost-world sequences. Alfred Hitchcock used a form of hand-coloring for the orange-red gun-blast at the audience in \"\"Spellbound\"\" (1945). Kodak's Sonochrome and similar pre-tinted stocks were still in production until the 1970s and were used commonly for custom theatrical trailers and snipes. In the last half of the 20th century, Norman McLaren, who was one of the pioneers in animated movies, made several animated films in which he directly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7327523", "chunk_text": "Film\nintroduced, and more films were made in color, which soon became the rule rather than the exception. Some important mainstream Hollywood films were still being made in black-and-white as late as the mid-1960s, but they marked the end of an era. Color television receivers had been available in the US since the mid-1950s, but at first, they were very expensive and few broadcasts were in color. During the 1960s, prices gradually came down, color broadcasts became common, and sales boomed. The overwhelming public verdict in favor of color was clear. After the final flurry of black-and-white films had been released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18400354", "chunk_text": "\"History of film technology\"\nand frame lines, was made and treated with dye mordants to aid in the imbibition process (the inclusion of a \"\"black\"\" image was discontinued in the early 1940s). The matrix for each color was soaked in its complementary dye (yellow, cyan, or magenta), then each in succession was brought into high-pressure contact with the receiver, which imbibed and held the dyes, thus reproducing a nearly complete spectrum of color, unlike previous two-color processes. The first animation film to use the three-color (also called three-strip) system was Walt Disney's \"\"Flowers and Trees\"\" (1932), which introduced it to an enthusiastic public. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10868834", "chunk_text": "Cinecolor\nCinecolor such as MGM's \"\"Gallant Bess\"\" (1946). The system could produce acceptable color pictures at a fraction of the cost of Technicolor. Most features made in Cinecolor were westerns, because the main color palette in those films consisted of blues, browns and reds; the system's limitations were thus less apparent. Cinecolor was also prominently employed in processing Paramount's \"\"Popular Science\"\" series of short films – although later prints were made by Consolidated Film Industries under their Magnacolor process. Hal Roach Studios made all four of its features in Cinecolor in 1947–1948, becoming the first Hollywood studio to do an all-color", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5784175", "chunk_text": "Cinematography\nto be publicly presented. In 1917, the earliest version of Technicolor was introduced. Kodachrome was introduced in 1935. Eastmancolor was introduced in 1950 and became the color standard for the rest of the century. In the 2010s, color films were largely superseded by color digital cinematography. In digital cinematography, the movie is shot on digital medium such as flash storage, as well as distributed through a digital medium such as a hard drive. Beginning in the late 1980s, Sony began marketing the concept of \"\"electronic cinematography,\"\" utilizing its analog Sony HDVS professional video cameras. The effort met with very little", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11887547", "chunk_text": "\"Color motion picture film\"\ndensity print of the black-and-white negative for the green record strip, and including the soundtrack, was struck and treated with dye mordants to aid in the imbibition process (this \"\"black\"\" layer was discontinued in the early 1940s). The matrices for each strip were coated with their complementary dye (yellow, cyan, or magenta), and then each successively brought into high-pressure contact with the receiver, which imbibed and held the dyes, which collectively rendered a wider spectrum of color than previous technologies. The first animation film with the three-color (also called three-strip) system was Walt Disney's \"\"Flowers and Trees\"\" (1932), the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11887533", "chunk_text": "\"Color motion picture film\"\na spectrum of different wavelengths that are perceived as different colors as they are absorbed and reflected by natural objects. Maxwell discovered that all natural colors in this spectrum as perceived by the human eye may be reproduced with additive combinations of three primary colors—red, green, and blue—which, when mixed equally, produce white light. Between 1900 and 1935, dozens of natural color systems were introduced, although only a few were successful. The first color systems that appeared in motion pictures were additive color systems. Additive color was practical because no special color stock was necessary. Black-and-white film could be processed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13802716", "chunk_text": "Cinecolor\nIn the laboratory, the negatives were processed on duplitized film and each emulsion was toned red or cyan. While Cinecolor could produce vibrant reds, oranges, blues, browns and flesh tones, its renderings of other colors such as bright greens (rendered dark green) and purples (rendered a sort of dark magenta) were muted. The Cinecolor process was invented in 1932 by English-born cinematographer William Thomas Crespinel (1890–1987), who joined the Kinemacolor Corporation in 1906, and who went to New York in 1913 to work with Kinemacolor's American unit. After that company folded in 1916, he worked for Prizma, another color film", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5784174", "chunk_text": "Cinematography\nThe earliest such example is the hand-tinted Annabelle Serpentine Dance in 1895 by Edison Manufacturing Company. Machine-based tinting later became popular. Tinting continued until the advent of natural color cinematography in the 1910s. Many black and white movies have been colorized recently using digital tinting. This includes footage shot from both world wars, sporting events and political propaganda. In 1902, Edward Raymond Turner produced the first films with a natural color process rather than using colorization techniques. In 1908, kinemacolor was introduced. In the same year, the short film \"\"A Visit to the Seaside\"\" became the first natural color movie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4910470", "chunk_text": "\"Film colorization\"\nFilm colorization Film colorization (or colourisation) is any process that adds color to black-and-white, sepia, or other monochrome moving-picture images. It may be done as a special effect, to \"\"modernize\"\" black-and-white films, or to restore color films. The first examples date from the early 20th century, but colorization has become common with the advent of digital image processing. The first film colorization methods were hand done by individuals. For example, at least 4% of George Méliès's output, including some prints of \"\"A Trip to the Moon\"\" from 1902 and other major films such as \"\"The Kingdom of the Fairies\"\", \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1040500", "chunk_text": "\"Silent film\"\nthe early 1920s, 80 per cent of movies could be seen in color, usually in the form of film tinting or toning (i.e. \"\"colorization\"\") but also with real color processes such as Kinemacolor and Technicolor. Traditional colorization processes ceased with the adoption of sound-on-film technology. Traditional film colorization, all of which involved the use of dyes in some form, interfered with the high resolution required for built-in recorded sound, and were therefore abandoned. The innovative three-strip technicolor process introduced in the mid-30s was costly and fraught with limitations, and color would not have the same prevalence in film as it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10092724", "chunk_text": "\"35 mm film\"\nprocesses, such as Multicolor, Brewster Color and Cinecolor. Although it had been available previously, color in Hollywood feature films first became truly practical from the studios' commercial perspective with the advent of Technicolor, whose main advantage was quality prints in less time than its competitors. In its earliest incarnations, Technicolor was another two-color system that could reproduce a range of reds, muted bluish greens, pinks, browns, tans and grays, but not real blues or yellows. \"\"The Toll of the Sea\"\", released in 1922, was the first film printed in their subtractive color system. Technicolor's camera photographed each pair of color-filtered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13284741", "chunk_text": "\"Film colorization\"\nto venture into the business of computerized film colorization. Buying a 50 percent interest in Wilson Markle's Colorization, Inc., it began creating digitally colored versions of some of its films. Roach's \"\"Topper\"\" (1937), followed by \"\"Way Out West\"\" (1937), became the first black-and-white films to be redistributed in color using the digital colorization process, leading to controversy. Defenders of the process noted that it would allow black-and-white films to have new audiences of people who were not used to the format. Detractors complained (among other reasons) that the process was crude and claimed that even if it were refined, it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11887534", "chunk_text": "\"Color motion picture film\"\nand used in both filming and projection. The various additive systems entailed the use of color filters on both the movie camera and projector. Additive color adds lights of the primary colors in various proportions to the projected image. Because of the limited amount of space to record images on film, and later because the lack of a camera that could record more than two strips of film at once, most early motion-picture color systems consisted of two colors, often red and green or red and blue. A pioneering three-color additive system was patented in England by Edward Raymond Turner", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5175038", "chunk_text": "\"Natural color\"\nNatural color Natural color was a term used in the beginning of film and later on in the 1920s, and early 1930s as a color film process that actually filmed color images, rather than a color tinted or colorized movie. The first natural color processes were in the 1900s and 1910s and were two color additive color processes or red and green missing primary color blue, one additive process of time was Kinemacolor. By the 1920s, subtractive color was mostly in use with such processes as Technicolor, Prizma and Multicolor, but Multicolor was mostly never in use in the late", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4910482", "chunk_text": "\"Film colorization\"\nwith automatically generated grayscale. The earliest form of colorization introduced limited color into a black-and-white film using dyes, as a visual effect. The earliest Edison films, most notably the \"\"Annabelle Serpentine Dance\"\" series, were also the earliest examples of colorization, done by painting aniline dyes onto the emulsion. Around 1905, Pathé introduced \"\"Pathéchrome\"\", a stencil process that required cutting one or more stencils for each film frame with the aid of a reducing pantograph. In 1916, the Handschiegl Color Process was invented for Cecil B. DeMille's film \"\"Joan the Woman\"\" (1917). Another early example of the Handschiegl process can be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18009885", "chunk_text": "\"Film tinting\"\namber, blue, lavender, and a striking red tint for scenes such as the \"\"burning of Atlanta\"\" and the ride of the Ku Klux Klan at the climax of the picture. Griffith later invented a color system in which colored lights flashed on areas of the screen to achieve a color effect. In 1921, Kodak introduced pre-tinted stocks, with stained cellulose base, rather than a dyed emulsion upon the base. The colors available originally were lavender, red, green, blue, pink, light amber, dark amber, yellow, and orange. By the mid to late 1920s, tinting and toning were phased out for a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11887529", "chunk_text": "\"Color motion picture film\"\n(red for scenes with fire or firelight, blue for night, etc.). A complementary process, called toning, replaces the silver particles in the film with metallic salts or mordanted dyes. This creates a color effect in which the dark parts of the image are replaced with a color (e.g., blue and white rather than black and white). Tinting and toning were sometimes applied together. In the United States, St. Louis engraver Max Handschiegl and cinematographer Alvin Wyckoff created the Handschiegl Color Process, a dye-transfer equivalent of the stencil process, first used in \"\"Joan the Woman\"\" (1917) directed by Cecil B. DeMille,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7970589", "chunk_text": "\"Black and white\"\nbeing in black-and-white to most being in color was gradual, taking place from the 1930s to the 1960s. Even when most film studios had the capability to make color films, the technology's popularity was limited, as using the Technicolor process was expensive and cumbersome. For many years, it was not possible for films in color to render realistic hues, thus its use was restricted to historical films or musicals until the 1950s, while many directors preferred to use black-and-white stock. For the years 1940–1966, a separate Academy Award for Best Art Direction was given for black-and-white movies along with one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15933467", "chunk_text": "\"Silent film\"\nHand tinting dates back to 1895 in the United States with Edison's release of selected hand-tinted prints of \"\"Butterfly Dance\"\". Additionally, experiments in color film started as early as in 1909, although it took a much longer time for color to be adopted by the industry and an effective process to be developed. Blue represented night scenes, yellow or amber meant day. Red represented fire and green represented a mysterious atmosphere. Similarly, toning of film (such as the common silent film generalization of sepia-toning) with special solutions replaced the silver particles in the film stock with salts or dyes of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11887530", "chunk_text": "\"Color motion picture film\"\nand used in special effects sequences for films such as \"\"The Phantom of the Opera\"\" (1925). Eastman Kodak introduced its own system of pre-tinted black-and-white film stocks called Sonochrome in 1929. The Sonochrome line featured films tinted in seventeen different colors including Peachblow, Inferno, Candle Flame, Sunshine, Purple Haze, Firelight, Azure, Nocturne, Verdante, Aquagreen, Caprice, Fleur de Lis, Rose Doree, and the neutral-density Argent, which kept the screen from becoming excessively bright when switching to a black-and-white scene. Tinting and toning continued to be used well into the sound era. In the 1930s and 1940s, some western films were processed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "601279", "chunk_text": "Multicolor\nMulticolor Multicolor is a subtractive natural color motion picture process. Multicolor, introduced to the motion picture industry in 1929, was based on the earlier Prizma Color process, and was the forerunner of Cinecolor. For a Multicolor film, a scene is shot with a normal camera capable of bipacking film. Two black-and-white 35 mm film negatives are threaded bipack in the camera. One records the color red (via a dyed panchromatic film), and the other, blue (orthochromatic). In printing, duplitized stock is exposed and processed with one record on each side. In a tank of toning solution, the film is floated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4910472", "chunk_text": "\"Film colorization\"\nprocess was \"\"The Miracle\"\" of 1912. The process was always done by hand, sometimes using a stencil cut from a second print of the film, such as the Pathécolor process. As late as the 1920s, hand coloring processes were used for individual shots in \"\"Greed\"\" (1924) and \"\"The Phantom of the Opera\"\" (1925) (both utilizing the Handschiegl color process); and rarely, an entire feature-length movie such as \"\"Cyrano de Bergerac\"\" (1925) and \"\"The Last Days of Pompeii\"\" (1926). These colorization methods were employed until effective color film processes were developed. During the late 1960s and the early 1970s, black-and-white \"\"Betty", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11887544", "chunk_text": "\"Color motion picture film\"\nsystem used a beam splitter in a specially modified camera to send red and green light to adjacent frames of one strip of black-and-white film. From this negative, skip-printing was used to print each color's frames contiguously onto film stock with half the normal base thickness. The two prints were chemically toned to roughly complementary hues of red and green, then cemented together, back to back, into a single strip of film. The first film to use this process was \"\"The Toll of the Sea\"\" (1922) starring Anna May Wong. Perhaps the most ambitious film to use it was \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8127618", "chunk_text": "Film\nin 1932, then also for live-action short films and isolated sequences in a few feature films, then for an entire feature film, \"\"Becky Sharp\"\", in 1935. The expense of the process was daunting, but favorable public response in the form of increased box office receipts usually justified the added cost. The number of films made in color slowly increased year after year. In the early 1950s, the proliferation of black-and-white television started seriously depressing North American theater attendance. In an attempt to lure audiences back into theaters, bigger screens were installed, widescreen processes, polarized 3D projection, and stereophonic sound were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18009884", "chunk_text": "\"Film tinting\"\n\"\"The Last Days of Pompeii\"\" (1926) and \"\"Cyrano de Bergerac\"\" (1925), with color by Pathé's stencil process Pathéchrome. By the early teens, with the onset of feature-length films, tinting was expanded upon as another mood setter, just as commonplace as music. The Society of Motion Picture Engineers estimated that by 1920, tinting was used for 80 to 90 percent of all films. The director D.W. Griffith displayed a constant interest and concern about color, and used tinting to a unique effect in many of his films. His 1915 epic, \"\"The Birth of a Nation\"\", utilized a number of colors, including", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4910474", "chunk_text": "\"Film colorization\"\nMGM's \"\"The Captain and the Kids\"\" cartoons, which were colorized in 1987 for airing on the Turner networks. With computer technology, studios were able to add color to black-and-white films by digitally tinting single objects in each frame of the film until it was fully colorized (the first authorized computer-colorizations of B&W cartoons were commissioned by Warner Bros. in 1990). The initial process was invented by Canadian Wilson Markle and was first used in 1970 to add color to monochrome footage of the moon from the Apollo program missions. Computerized colorization began in the 1970s using the technique invented by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11887543", "chunk_text": "\"Color motion picture film\"\nmade in the process on 15 May 1917 at his home in San Rafael, California. The only feature film known to have been made in this process, \"\"Cupid Angling\"\" (1918) — starring Ruth Roland and with cameo appearances by Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks — was filmed in the Lake Lagunitas area of Marin County, California. After experimenting with additive systems (including a camera with two apertures, one with a red filter, one with a green filter) from 1915 to 1921, Dr. Herbert Kalmus, Dr. Daniel Comstock, and mechanic W. Burton Wescott developed a subtractive color system for Technicolor. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11887527", "chunk_text": "\"Color motion picture film\"\nMoon\"\" (1902). The film had various parts of the film painted frame-by-frame by twenty-one women in Montreuil in a production-line method. The first commercially successful stencil color process was introduced in 1905 by Pathé Frères. \"\"Pathé Color\"\", renamed Pathéchrome in 1929, became one of the most accurate and reliable stencil coloring systems. It incorporated an original print of a film with sections cut by pantograph in the appropriate areas for up to six colors by a coloring machine with dye-soaked, velvet rollers. After a stencil had been made for the whole film, it was placed into contact with the print", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4082792", "chunk_text": "Technicolor\nhalf the thickness of regular film, were then cemented together back to back to create a projection print. \"\"The Toll of the Sea\"\", which debuted on November 26, 1922, used Process 2 and was the first general-release film in Technicolor. The second all-color feature in Process 2 Technicolor, \"\"Wanderer of the Wasteland\"\", was released in 1924. Process 2 was also used for color sequences in such major motion pictures as \"\"The Ten Commandments\"\" (1923), \"\"The Phantom of the Opera\"\" (1925), and \"\"Ben-Hur\"\" (1925). Douglas Fairbanks' \"\"The Black Pirate\"\" (1926) was the third all-color Process 2 feature. Although successful commercially, Process", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11887528", "chunk_text": "\"Color motion picture film\"\nto be colored and run at high speed (60 feet per minute) through the coloring (staining) machine. The process was repeated for each set of stencils corresponding to a different color. By 1910, Pathé had over 400 women employed as stencilers in their Vincennes factory. Pathéchrome continued production through the 1930s. A more common technique emerged in the early 1910s known as film tinting, a process in which either the emulsion or the film base is dyed, giving the image a uniform monochromatic color. This process was popular during the silent era, with specific colors employed for certain narrative effects", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "334237", "chunk_text": "Kinemacolor\nKinemacolor Kinemacolor was the first successful colour motion picture process, used commercially from 1908 to 1914. It was invented by George Albert Smith of Brighton, England in 1906. He was influenced by the work of William Norman Lascelles Davidson and, more directly, Edward Raymond Turner. It was launched by Charles Urban's Urban Trading Co. of London in 1908. From 1909 on, the process was known as Kinemacolor. It was a two-colour additive colour process, photographing and projecting a black-and-white film behind alternating red and green filters. \"\"How to Make and Operate Moving Pictures\"\" published by Funk and Wagnalls in 1917", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11887545", "chunk_text": "\"Color motion picture film\"\nBlack Pirate\"\" (1926), starring and produced by Douglas Fairbanks. The process was later refined through the incorporation of dye imbibition, which allowed for the transferring of dyes from both color matrices into a single print, avoiding several problems that had become evident with the cemented prints and allowing multiple prints to be created from a single pair of matrices. Technicolor's system was very popular for a number of years, but it was a very expensive process: shooting cost three times that of black-and-white photography and printing costs were no cheaper. By 1932, color photography in general had nearly been abandoned", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4082786", "chunk_text": "Technicolor\nWhite and the Seven Dwarfs\"\" (1937), \"\"Gulliver's Travels\"\" (1939), and \"\"Fantasia\"\" (1940). As the technology matured it was also used for less spectacular dramas and comedies. Occasionally, even a film noir—such as \"\"Leave Her to Heaven\"\" (1945) or \"\"Niagara\"\" (1953)—was filmed in Technicolor. \"\"Technicolor\"\" is the trademark for a series of color motion picture processes pioneered by Technicolor Motion Picture Corporation (a subsidiary of Technicolor, Inc.), now a division of the French company Technicolor SA. The Technicolor Motion Picture Corporation was founded in Boston in 1914 (incorporated in Maine in 1915) by Herbert Kalmus, Daniel Frost Comstock, and W. Burton", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9990105", "chunk_text": "Kinemacolor\nbecame Kinemacolor. Kinemacolor Kinemacolor was the first successful colour motion picture process, used commercially from 1908 to 1914. It was invented by George Albert Smith of Brighton, England in 1906. He was influenced by the work of William Norman Lascelles Davidson and, more directly, Edward Raymond Turner. It was launched by Charles Urban's Urban Trading Co. of London in 1908. From 1909 on, the process was known as Kinemacolor. It was a two-colour additive colour process, photographing and projecting a black-and-white film behind alternating red and green filters. \"\"How to Make and Operate Moving Pictures\"\" published by Funk and Wagnalls", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18009888", "chunk_text": "\"Film tinting\"\nan interference-free toning process, which was used in films such as \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\" (1939) and Warner Brothers' \"\"The Sea Hawk\"\" (1940). Many MGM movies of the 1930s carried a sepia-like tone called \"\"Pearl\"\". The Technicolor Corporation continued to experiment with both tinting, toning and colorizing. The last reel of \"\"Portrait of Jennie\"\" (1948) contained both green and amber tints by Technicolor. \"\"Mighty Joe Young\"\" (1949) displayed a further concept of tinting by Technicolor, with various shades of red, orange, and yellow creating a fire-like effect for the last reel. The Cinecolor Corporation also created similar effects, and sepia-toned", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18400351", "chunk_text": "\"History of film technology\"\nsilver particles forming the black-and-white images were proportionally replaced by coloring matter) to colors roughly complementary to the filter colors (red for the green-filtered images and vice versa), as subtractive color reproduction requires. They were then cemented together, base to base, into a single strip of film. No special projection equipment was needed. The first publicly shown film using this process was \"\"The Toll of the Sea\"\" (1922) starring Anna May Wong. Perhaps the most ambitious all-Technicolor feature was \"\"The Black Pirate\"\" (1926), starring and produced by Douglas Fairbanks. In 1928, the system was refined by the adoption of dye", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2823836", "chunk_text": "Cinematography\nIn the coming decades, the usage of color film greatly increased while monochrome films became scarce. After the advent of motion pictures, a tremendous amount of energy was invested in the production of photography in natural color. The invention of the talking picture further increased the demand for the use of color photography. However, in comparison to other technological advances of the time, the arrival of color photography was a relatively slow process. Early movies were not actually color movies since they were shot monochrome and hand-colored or machine-colored afterwards. (Such movies are referred to as \"\"colored\"\" and not \"\"color\"\".)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11887539", "chunk_text": "\"Color motion picture film\"\nactually reached the screen, resulting in an image that was dimmer than a typical black-and-white image. The larger the screen, the dimmer the picture. For this and other case-by-case reasons, the use of additive processes for theatrical motion pictures had been almost completely abandoned by the early 1940s, though additive color methods are employed by all the color video and computer display systems in common use today. The first practical subtractive color process was introduced by Kodak as \"\"Kodachrome\"\", a name recycled twenty years later for a very different and far better-known product. Filter-photographed red and blue-green records were printed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_316	when does sam realize he is jim in ghost whisperer?	n/a	[ "Leap of Faith" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5195748", "chunk_text": "\"Ghost Whisperer (season 4)\"\nnear-death experience, develops the ability to hear ghosts. Melinda says goodbye to her close friend Rick Payne, who leaves Grandview on a research trip for the university. In this season, Jim is shot and killed. He does not \"\"cross over\"\" because he does not want to leave Melinda, and his spirit later enters the body of a man named Sam Lucas, who died in an unrelated accident in Grandview and crossed over. When Jim/Sam regains consciousness, he has no memory of being Jim. Melinda works to get him to remember his past life and her, and succeeds after much difficulty", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11114274", "chunk_text": "\"Ghost Whisperer\"\nseasons 2–3, Christoph Sanders thereafter) who finds out about Melinda's gift long before his mother does. Melinda also forms a friendship with Rick Payne (Jay Mohr), a professor at Rockland University. He helps Melinda solve the conflicts of ghosts throughout the second and third seasons. He departs in the fourth-season premiere for an expedition in the Himalayas. The same episode introduced Eli James, another professor at the university, who goes thru a near-death experience which unlocks an ability to hear ghosts, but not see them like Melinda. He becomes a close friend to Melinda and helps her investigate hauntings. \"\"Ghost", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15716666", "chunk_text": "\"Ghost Whisperer\"\nnamed Bo (played by Matt Knudsen) who haunts James Tyler (played by Mark Lutz) and his family after they move into their new home. Melinda from the television series doesn't appear in the internet series as it takes place entirely in the spirit world. However, characters from the webisodes have appeared in the television series. In the second-season finale of \"\"Ghost Whisperer\"\", Zach made an appearance while trying to get help from Melinda before being taken into the Dark Side, leaving the internet series in its own cliffhanger. Zach later made another appearance and crossed over in season three episode", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4388949", "chunk_text": "\"Melinda Gordon\"\nof the third wave or postfeminist generation (e.g. Buffy, the witch sisters in \"\"Charmed\"\", Tru Davies in \"\"Tru Calling\"\").\"\" Melinda Gordon Melinda Irene Gordon is the title character of the American paranormal television series \"\"Ghost Whisperer\"\" created by John Gray. Gordon was portrayed by American actress Jennifer Love Hewitt. Melinda Gordon (Jennifer Love Hewitt) has the ability to see and communicate with ghosts. She moved to Grandview after she married Jim Clancy, a paramedic who knows of her ability. Jim and Melinda have a son Aiden (first appearance season 5). Melinda had always been able to speak with the dead,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8544970", "chunk_text": "\"Ghost Whisperer\"\nand sometimes menacing in the beginning and Melinda must use the clues available to her to understand the spirits' needs and help them. The show was created by John Gray and was produced by Sander/Moses Productions, executive producer, and Jennifer Love Hewitt in association with ABC Studios and CBS Television Studios. On May 18, 2010, CBS canceled the show after five seasons. Melinda Gordon (Jennifer Love Hewitt) is a young woman from the town of Grandview, New York, who has the ability to see and communicate with the dead. Melinda lives with her husband, Jim Clancy (David Conrad), and later", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8544979", "chunk_text": "\"Ghost Whisperer\"\na third season placing it in its regular Friday 8 p.m. ET time slot. The third season premiered September 28, 2007. Twelve episodes were completed before the Writers Guild of America strike, and once the strike ended, CBS had announced that the show would return April 4, 2008, with six episodes. On February 15, 2008, CBS renewed \"\"Ghost Whisperer\"\" for a fourth season. For the fourth season, Jamie Kennedy joined the cast as Psychology professor Eli James. Jay Mohr left after the first episode as the plot had his character, Professor Rick Payne, going on sabbatical (Mohr took a role", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4388919", "chunk_text": "\"Melinda Gordon\"\nMelinda Gordon Melinda Irene Gordon is the title character of the American paranormal television series \"\"Ghost Whisperer\"\" created by John Gray. Gordon was portrayed by American actress Jennifer Love Hewitt. Melinda Gordon (Jennifer Love Hewitt) has the ability to see and communicate with ghosts. She moved to Grandview after she married Jim Clancy, a paramedic who knows of her ability. Jim and Melinda have a son Aiden (first appearance season 5). Melinda had always been able to speak with the dead, or \"\"earthbound spirits\"\" as her grandmother called them (with whom she shared this ability, along with her mother Beth,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5195749", "chunk_text": "\"Ghost Whisperer (season 4)\"\nand skepticism on the part of her friends. They soon discover that Melinda is pregnant and that the date of conception was right before Jim died. At the end of the season, Ned and Eli find the Book of Changes, a book written by the Watchers (a benevolent group of ghosts who keep watch over the living). The book tells them of past and future prominent dates, such as Andrea and Jim's deaths. One date is listed as September 25, 2009; Melinda's due date. Melinda learns from a Watcher named Carl that her child is destined to not only inherit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5195747", "chunk_text": "\"Ghost Whisperer (season 4)\"\nwith people who push her away and disbelieve her ability. In addition, the ghosts are mysterious and sometimes menacing in the beginning and Melinda must use the clues available to her to understand the spirit's needs and help them. \"\"Ghost Whisperer\"\"'s fourth season aired in the United States (U.S.) on Fridays at 8:00 pm ET on CBS, a terrestrial television network, where it received an average of 10.62 million viewers per episode, becoming the most watched season of the series. In the fourth season, Melinda meets Eli James (Jamie Kennedy) after a fire at Rockland University who, after his own", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7130665", "chunk_text": "\"Ghost Whisperer (season 2)\"\nand have been prophecising about a tragedy. Melinda believes she has to protect these children and at the one-year memorial walk for the plane crash, she pushes the children out of the way of a collapsing monument, but is struck and killed by it herself. She sees the light, and a ghost appears and talks to her. The children resurrect Melinda (it was actually the children's job to protect her). When questioned by Jim, Melinda reveals that she believes the ghost was her father, Tom Gordon (played by Martin Donovan), and that he told her she has a brother. \"\"Ghost", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8544969", "chunk_text": "\"Ghost Whisperer\"\nGhost Whisperer Ghost Whisperer is an American supernatural television series, which ran on CBS from September 23, 2005, to May 21, 2010. The series follows the life of Melinda Gordon (Jennifer Love Hewitt), who has the ability to see and communicate with ghosts. While trying to live a normal life as possible—she is married and owns an antique store—Melinda helps earthbound spirits resolve their problems and cross over into the light, or the spirit world. Her tasks are difficult and at times she struggles with people who push her away and disbelieve her gift. In addition, the ghosts are mysterious", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8544988", "chunk_text": "\"Ghost Whisperer\"\n2010, a developer diary was posted on the game's website, detailing areas in the game and confirming that Melinda, Jim, Delia and Eli will feature. The release date, which was initially early 2010, was changed to 2011 and the subtitle announced in the original press release, \"\"Shadowlands\"\", was dropped from the game. The game was written by Emmy award-winning television writer Lance Gentile. It was released on April 19, 2011, exclusively at Wal-Mart. Ghost Whisperer Ghost Whisperer is an American supernatural television series, which ran on CBS from September 23, 2005, to May 21, 2010. The series follows the life", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11114282", "chunk_text": "\"Ghost Whisperer\"\nfor every season. The first two seasons follow Zach (played by Mark Hapka), a young delivery boy who dies while delivering a package. He soon learns how to do things in the spirit world, and gets revenge on his best friend Danny, who he thinks killed him. Season 3 of the webisodes deals with a ghost named Marc (played by Justin Loyal) trying to help his high school crush Olivia (played by Jaimi Paige) find true love as her fiancé George does not love her. The fourth and final season of the webisodes deals with the ghost of a man", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2865434", "chunk_text": "\"Ghost Whisperer (video game)\"\nand Delia Banks investigate a haunted painting on loan to the Grandview art museum. A wealthy family in Grandview is having mysterious ghost trouble and only you can help them. Melinda (Jennifer Love Hewitt) is the main character in Ghost Whisperer. She has a very special ability to see and communicate with ghosts and souls who are stuck between two worlds in limbo, due to some unresolved issue. Melinda helps them find peace and cross over into the light. She also owns an antique shop and lives in the small town of Grandview, New York. Jim Clancy (David Conrad) is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2865435", "chunk_text": "\"Ghost Whisperer (video game)\"\nMelinda’s loving husband. He is a paramedic who met Melinda when he rescued her from her burning apartment complex. Jim has known about Melinda's unique ability to communicate with ghosts for years and helps her whenever he can. Eli James (Jamie Kennedy) is a teacher at Rockland University who developed the ability to hear ghosts after he was burned to death in an accident on campus and subsequently brought back from the dead. Due to this experience, he can now hear ghosts, but he can’t see them as Melinda does. Eli has adjusted to his newfound ability and assists Melinda", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11114272", "chunk_text": "\"Ghost Whisperer\"\ntheir son Aiden (Connor Gibbs). She owns a shop called \"\"Same as It Never Was Antiques\"\". Ghosts seek Melinda's help in relaying a message or completing a task that will put the spirit to rest, and allow them to cross over into the light. Those who died with unfinished business become earthbound and cannot cross over, and Melinda, as their earthly representative, helps them to find peace. The show does not present the ghosts as having sinned; rather it is the spirits' own guilt that condemns them, and their own fear of judgment that keeps them from \"\"crossing over\"\" into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "635139", "chunk_text": "\"Ghost Whisperer (season 5)\"\nto be the kind group of spirits and are attracted to shiny objects. The Shadows show tremendous power throughout the season, forcing President Bedford, the president of Rockland University to blow up Delia's real estate office. At the end of the series, Melinda and Jim try to protect Aiden by convincing him that ghosts don't exist (at the advice of Carl the Watcher, later revealed to be under the influence of the Shadows). The Shadows gradually begin to take possession of Melinda's body. Aiden is told by Carl that he must go to Melinda's store. Jim, Ned, Eli and Delia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3756718", "chunk_text": "\"Ghost Whisperer (season 1)\"\nGhost Whisperer (season 1) The first season of \"\"Ghost Whisperer\"\", an American television series created by John Gray, commenced airing in the United States on September 23, 2005, concluded May 5, 2006, and consisted of 22 episodes. The series follows the life of Melinda Gordon (Jennifer Love Hewitt), who has the ability to see and communicate with ghosts. While trying to live as normal a life as possible—she is married and owns an antique store—Melinda helps earthbound spirits resolve their problems and cross over into the Light, or the spirit world. Her tasks are difficult and at times she struggles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17109497", "chunk_text": "\"Ghost Whisperer (season 5)\"\nfollow with him. Melinda is inside, being engulfed by the Shadows. Aiden, who has forged a friendship with one of the Shinies (previously revealed to be the ghosts of children), enlists their help. In the town square, dozens of Shinies gather, and emit a bright light. The Shinies and their light become visible to passersby in the square. Inside the store, the Shadows are trying to battle the light and fully possess Melinda, but fail on both accounts. Melinda drops to the ground and the group run in. Later that night, Aiden is in his room and Melinda and Jim", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20586574", "chunk_text": "\"Birthday Presence\"\n5-year old on a jungle gym and convinces her the boy is doing great with his family. In the aftermath, Melinda confronts Carl the Watcher, knowing now that she and Aiden have a connection - visions come from him and go through her and that he's an empath who can share others' feelings and experiences. Birthday Presence \"\"Birthday Presence\"\" is the 86th episode, the fifth season premiere of \"\"Ghost Whisperer\"\", it originally aired on September 25, 2009 on CBS in United States. Melinda gives birth to a baby boy the night that The Book of Changes predicted. At 11:48pm, time", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16975271", "chunk_text": "\"Ghost Whisperer (season 3)\"\nGhost Whisperer (season 3) The third season of \"\"Ghost Whisperer\"\", an American television series created by John Gray, commenced airing in the United States on September 28, 2007, concluded May 16, 2008, and was originally intended to consist of 22 episodes. However, due to the Writer's Strike it was shortened to 18 episodes. The series follows the life of Melinda Gordon (Jennifer Love Hewitt), who has the ability to see and communicate with ghosts. While trying to live as normal a life as possible—she is married and owns an antique store—Melinda helps earthbound spirits resolve their problems and cross over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2143464", "chunk_text": "\"Ghost Whisperer (season 3)\"\nthis is an event from her childhood. At the end of the season, Tom Gordon (played by Martin Donovan) appears in Grandview alive with Gabriel. It is revealed the man in the mask is Paul Eastman, and Melinda's biological father (Melinda awoke Paul's ghost when searching in the tunnels). In disbelief, Melinda goes with Tom to her childhood home and when they arrive inside, Tom tells her the truth. When she was a child, Tom fell in love with Melinda's mother, Beth, while Paul was in prison. When Paul escaped from prison after a fire and returned home, Tom killed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4388938", "chunk_text": "\"Melinda Gordon\"\nfront of her. Happy to see that he's awake, Melinda approaches him, only for Jim to reveal that he had an embolism. The nurses rush to save him, but are unsuccessful, and Jim crosses over after telling Melinda to remember how he looks at the moment. In the next episode Jim keeps saying throughout that he will not cross over, no matter how hard Melinda tries. There is a teenage ghost who keeps saying she's sorry and that it's all her fault that Jim is dead. It turns out that the teenager was anorexic and that made her heart stop.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7130663", "chunk_text": "\"Ghost Whisperer (season 2)\"\nwith people who push her away and disbelieve her ability. In addition, the ghosts are mysterious and sometimes menacing in the beginning and Melinda must use the clues available to her to understand the spirit's needs and help them. \"\"Ghost Whisperer\"\"'s second season aired in the United States (U.S.) on Fridays at 8:00 pm ET on CBS, a terrestrial television network, where it received an average of 9.90 million viewers per episode. In the second season, Melinda crosses over Andrea and meets Delia Banks (Camryn Manheim), her son Ned Banks (Tyler Patrick Jones; Christoph Sanders in later seasons), and Professor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8218675", "chunk_text": "\"The Whisperer\"\ndown organized crime from within; to the underworld, he becomes known as the Whisperer. Later, his voice is restored through surgery, but he continues to lead a double life as the Whisperer, relaying instructions by telephone from the syndicate bosses in New York (who don't know he's a mole) to their lackeys in Central City, whom Gault is actually setting up. In the prologue to the final episode from September 30, 1951 titled \"\"Strange Bed Fellows\"\", Philip Gault explains his history as follows: \"\"It all began ten years ago when I was kicked in the throat while playing college football.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20755541", "chunk_text": "\"The Children's Parade\"\nThe Children's Parade \"\"The Children's Parade\"\" is the series finale of the American supernatural television series \"\"Ghost Whisperer\"\", due to its cancellation on May 18, 2010. It is also the 22nd and final episode of the show's fifth season, and the 107th episode overall. It originally aired on May 21, 2010 on CBS in United States. The hospital where Jim works is shown to be haunted by ghosts. Then the scene cuts to Melinda and Jim sleeping. Melinda wakes up and hears Aiden talking to somebody. They go into his room and see that he is merely playing. Then he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7127532", "chunk_text": "\"Ghost Whisperer (season 4)\"\nGhost Whisperer (season 4) The fourth season of \"\"Ghost Whisperer\"\", an American television series created by John Gray, commenced airing in the United States on October 3, 2008, concluded May 15, 2009, and consisted of 23 episodes. The series follows the life of Melinda Gordon (Jennifer Love Hewitt), who has the ability to see and communicate with ghosts. While trying to live as normal a life as possible—she is married and owns an antique store—Melinda helps earthbound spirits resolve their problems and cross over into the Light, or the spirit world. Her tasks are difficult and at times she struggles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7130662", "chunk_text": "\"Ghost Whisperer (season 2)\"\nGhost Whisperer (season 2) The second season of \"\"Ghost Whisperer\"\", an American television series created by John Gray, commenced airing in the United States on September 22, 2006, concluded May 11, 2007, and consisted of 22 episodes. The series follows the life of Melinda Gordon (Jennifer Love Hewitt), who has the ability to see and communicate with ghosts. While trying to live as normal a life as possible—she is married and owns an antique store—Melinda helps earthbound spirits resolve their problems and cross over into the Light, or the spirit world. Her tasks are difficult and at times she struggles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7163231", "chunk_text": "\"Ghost Whisperer (season 5)\"\nGhost Whisperer (season 5) The fifth and final season of \"\"Ghost Whisperer\"\", an American television series created by John Gray, commenced airing in the United States on September 25, 2009, concluded May 21, 2010, and consisted of 22 episodes. The series follows the life of Melinda Gordon (Jennifer Love Hewitt), who has the ability to see and communicate with ghosts. While trying to live as normal a life as possible—she is married and owns an antique store—Melinda helps earthbound spirits resolve their problems and cross over into the Light, or the spirit world. Her tasks are difficult and at times", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18542128", "chunk_text": "\"Sam Winchester\"\nSam realizing it. In fact, Sam is completely unaware of Gadreel's presence, as the angel spends most of this time laying dormant in Sam's subconscious and he and Dean go to some lengths to prevent him finding out about it because Sam could prematurely expel Gadreel if he found out. Sam is alerted to Gadreel's possession of him by Crowley in the later episode \"\"Road Trip\"\", at which point he revokes his permission and forcibly expels Gadreel from his body by ordering the angel out. To his horror, he also finds out that Gadreel has killed Kevin using his body", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4254003", "chunk_text": "\"Mark Hapka\"\nMark Hapka Mark Hapka (born May 29, 1982) is an American film and television actor who first gained attention for portraying the lead role of the spirit 'Zach' on the \"\"Ghost Whisperer\"\" spin-off \"\"Ghost Whisperer: The Other Side\"\". Hapka is most notable for his previous role as Nathan Horton on the NBC soap opera \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\". Hapka was born in Buffalo, New York to Robert and Debbie Hapka. (His parents have since divorced and both are remarried.) When Hapka was about 11 years old, his family moved to Rome, New York. He is a 2000 graduate of Rome", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11114273", "chunk_text": "\"Ghost Whisperer\"\nan afterlife. The series also starred Aisha Tyler as Andrea Marino, Melinda's best friend, who runs the antique shop with her. Andrea is killed in the first-season finale. During the second season, Melinda meets Delia Banks (Camryn Manheim), a struggling real estate agent who forms a friendship with Melinda and who eventually agrees to run the antique shop with her. Delia is shocked to find out about Melinda's abilities; in fact, at first she claims Melinda needs psychological help. Delia eventually accepts Melinda's gift, though she remains skeptical at times. Delia has a son named Ned Banks (Tyler Patrick Jones", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7308105", "chunk_text": "\"Pater Familias (Ghost Whisperer)\"\nthat Tom isn’t even her father, but that Paul Eastman is. In the end Tom tries to kill Melinda but Paul saves her by killing Tom. In the very last scene Melinda and her mother, Jim, Delia, Ned and Professor Payne wait to cross the road and they realize that there are only 5 shadows for the 6 of them, which we later learn is a sign from the Watchers for someone's death. Pater Familias (Ghost Whisperer) \"\"Pater Familias\"\" is the third season finale of \"\"Ghost Whisperer\"\", it originally aired on May 16, 2008 on CBS in United States. All", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17753286", "chunk_text": "\"Pater Familias (Ghost Whisperer)\"\nto Paul when he was accused of murder, which was how she met Tom. After Paul was convicted, she explained to Tom that she and Paul could see ghosts, and that’s how he had found the little boy’s body. Tom, who turns out to be a total sociopath, promised to help get Paul out of prison, but secretly did nothing to help Paul so he could endear himself to Melinda’s mother and eventually marry her. When Paul finally escaped and confronted Tom at his house, Tom killed him and buried him in his basement. Topping it all off, Melinda discovers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2022750", "chunk_text": "\"Mark Hapka\"\nof Nathan Horton. Soap Opera Digest reported on January 7, 2011 that he was let go from the show. Hapka has starring roles in the upcoming films \"\"The Danny McKay Project\"\", where he portrays the title character Danny McKay, and \"\"Beyond the Mat\"\". Mark Hapka Mark Hapka (born May 29, 1982) is an American film and television actor who first gained attention for portraying the lead role of the spirit 'Zach' on the \"\"Ghost Whisperer\"\" spin-off \"\"Ghost Whisperer: The Other Side\"\". Hapka is most notable for his previous role as Nathan Horton on the NBC soap opera \"\"Days of Our", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7130664", "chunk_text": "\"Ghost Whisperer (season 2)\"\nRick Payne (Jay Mohr), all of whom, by season's end, come to learn of Melinda's ability, with varying reactions. Delia remains slightly skeptical. The second season revolves around the thinning veil between the living and the dead. Melinda meets Gabriel, who has similar abilities to hers. But Gabriel is working for the Shadows (as yet unnamed) and working to make sure that ghosts do not cross over into the light, and in fact is working to block the light from all ghosts. At the end of the season, Melinda finds four children, each of whom have survived a different accident", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4944040", "chunk_text": "\"Cesar Millan\"\nWhisperer\"\" in Season 2, Episode 18, \"\"Children of Ghosts\"\". In the episode, Melinda (Jennifer Love Hewitt) seeks out Millan for advice on how to help Homer, Ghost Whisperer's ghost dog (from Season 1), cross over into the light. A satirized version of Millan was portrayed in \"\"Tsst\"\", the May 3, 2006, episode of the Comedy Central animated series \"\"South Park\"\". In the episode, Liane Cartman enlists Millan's help in applying his principles to her misbehaving son, Eric Cartman. The principles work, and Eric becomes completely reformed, but Liane fails to continue applying Millan's techniques, and Eric reverts to his old", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20662295", "chunk_text": "\"Stranglehold (Ghost Whisperer)\"\nStranglehold (Ghost Whisperer) \"\"Stranglehold\"\", is the episode before the last of \"\"Ghost Whisperer\"\", season three. It originally aired on May 9, 2008 on CBS in United States. All main cast appears. Melinda finally reunites with her father, Tom Gordon, after a long search and under suspicious circumstances. While searching for him she discovered he was a prosecutor in Grandview before he disappeared, and a spirit led her to a case he had prosecuted that involved the murder of a young boy, Michael. Tom had convicted the man who found the body, Paul Eastman, of the murder, sending him to prison", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7210923", "chunk_text": "\"Birthday Presence\"\nBirthday Presence \"\"Birthday Presence\"\" is the 86th episode, the fifth season premiere of \"\"Ghost Whisperer\"\", it originally aired on September 25, 2009 on CBS in United States. Melinda gives birth to a baby boy the night that The Book of Changes predicted. At 11:48pm, time stops and then ticks forward again. Melinda sees a tide of blood seeping onto the floor and then a pair of ashen feet. Then everything is normal again and her baby is okay even though the doctors are puzzled by the fact that when he was delivered he was blue but his color came back", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7163233", "chunk_text": "\"Ghost Whisperer (season 5)\"\nJim and Melinda's son, Aiden Lucas. We learn that he can see the \"\"Shinies and the Shadows\"\", two opposing groups of ghosts that Melinda is unable to see. The Shadows are revealed to be the negative part of spirits that get left behind when they cross over, and their motives involve acquiring the Book of Changes. Melinda, Ned, and Eli, with the frequent help of Delia, work to keep the book safe from the Shadows. Throughout the season, Melinda struggles to keep Aiden safe and help him with his gift. He has frequent run-ins with the Shinies, who are presumed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "233129", "chunk_text": "\"Sam Beckett\"\nnuclear accelerator chamber and propelled himself back in time. In the pilot episode, Sam awoke in 1956, having exchanged places in time with an Air Force test pilot. He is startled to see a stranger in the mirror as he prepares to shave. Others also see Sam as the person he displaced. As Sam would soon discover, quantum-leaping had an unforeseen side-effect: He was struck with partial amnesia; he describes his own situation with the analogy of his brain being like a hunk of Swiss cheese, with his memory full of holes and lacking some personal information about his past,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11114277", "chunk_text": "\"Ghost Whisperer\"\nthe neighboring town, which is accurate to real life as Grand View is actually located just north of Piermont. Professor Rick Payne worked at the fictional \"\"Rockland University\"\", and, perhaps not coincidentally, the actual village of Grand View is a village located in Rockland County, New York. Season one premiered on September 23, 2005, and ended on May 5, 2006. It received an average of 10.20 million viewers. Season two of \"\"Ghost Whisperer\"\" premiered on September 22, 2006, and ended on May 11, 2007, again airing Friday nights on CBS during the same timeslot. CBS officially renewed the show for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19291390", "chunk_text": "\"Ghost Whisperer (season 3)\"\nhim in order to keep him from Beth and buried him in their basement. When he heard that Melinda was slowly uncovering the evidence, he had to return to Grandview. Tom tries to kill Melinda, but she is saved when Paul's ghost possesses Tom and throws him down a flight of stairs, killing him. The next day, Melinda and her friends meet in the town square. Melinda invites her mother, and the two say goodbye to Paul as he goes into the Light. \"\"Ghost Whisperer\"\" is based on the work of \"\"Spirit Communicator\"\" James Van Praagh, who is co-executive producer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5863895", "chunk_text": "\"David Conrad\"\nseries was canceled in 2010. In 2010 he was seen on an Episode of \"\"\"\". In 2013 he began playing the recurring role of Ian Quinn in the first season of \"\"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"\". Conrad has been a visiting professor of Literature and Drama at the University of Pittsburgh. David Conrad David Conrad (born August 17, 1967) is an American actor. From 2005 to 2010, he starred in the television series \"\"Ghost Whisperer\"\" alongside Jennifer Love Hewitt. Conrad, the youngest of three boys, is the son of James Watson Conrad, an engineer, and Margaret Clement Conrad, a librarian. He is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19577366", "chunk_text": "\"Sam Merlotte\"\n(accidentally killing Melinda). Sam helps Tommy dispose of the bodies - they seem to be slowly reconciling until Tommy uses newfound skin-walker powers to imitate Sam to fire Sookie from the bar and sleep with Luna. Sam kicks Tommy out for good, and Tommy then skinwalks as Sam and meets Marcus, Luna's jealous werewolf ex-boyfriend, and antagonized him into a fight. Marcus and members of his pack fatally beat Tommy, but Sam and Tommy manage to reconcile moments before Tommy's death. Sam and Alcide confront Marcus and Alcide kills him in the ensuing struggle. In season 5, members of Sam's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7130625", "chunk_text": "\"Ghost Whisperer (season 1)\"\nher husband Jim Clancy. She is the owner of an antique shop called \"\"Same as it Never Was.\"\" Ghosts seek Melinda's help in relaying a message or completing a task that will put the spirit to rest, and allow them to cross over into The Light (which is possibly Heaven). Those who died with unfinished business become earth-bound and cannot cross over, and Melinda, as their earthly representative, helps them to find peace. The show does not present the ghosts as having sinned, rather it is the spirits' own guilt that condemns them, and their own fear of judgement that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17231086", "chunk_text": "\"Stranglehold (Ghost Whisperer)\"\nbe continued… Stranglehold (Ghost Whisperer) \"\"Stranglehold\"\", is the episode before the last of \"\"Ghost Whisperer\"\", season three. It originally aired on May 9, 2008 on CBS in United States. All main cast appears. Melinda finally reunites with her father, Tom Gordon, after a long search and under suspicious circumstances. While searching for him she discovered he was a prosecutor in Grandview before he disappeared, and a spirit led her to a case he had prosecuted that involved the murder of a young boy, Michael. Tom had convicted the man who found the body, Paul Eastman, of the murder, sending him", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17753284", "chunk_text": "\"Pater Familias (Ghost Whisperer)\"\nPater Familias (Ghost Whisperer) \"\"Pater Familias\"\" is the third season finale of \"\"Ghost Whisperer\"\", it originally aired on May 16, 2008 on CBS in United States. All main cast appears in the final episode of season three. This episode marked John Gray's departure from the series as executive producer, although he continued to write and direct episodes for the rest of the run. Continued from the previous episode, Melinda bursts into Tom Gordon’s hotel room, where it appears that he has attempted to take his own life. Tom is rushed to the hospital in critical condition, but survives. Melinda, still", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14200316", "chunk_text": "\"Magical Thinking (American Horror Story)\"\nMagical Thinking (American Horror Story) \"\"Magical Thinking\"\" is the eleventh episode of the of the anthology television series \"\"American Horror Story\"\", which premiered on January 7, 2015 on the cable network FX. It was written by Jennifer Salt and directed by Michael Goi. Stanley (Denis O'Hare) convinces an imprisoned Jimmy (Evan Peters) that the only way to pay for a lawyer is to sever one of his hands and sell it. He concocts a plan to smuggle Jimmy out of the prison using his Viking prostitute, who poses as an EMT. After Stanley puts him under, Jimmy awakens to find", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18577894", "chunk_text": "\"Implosion (Ghost Whisperer)\"\nImplosion (Ghost Whisperer) \"\"Implosion\"\" is the 100th episode and the 15th episode from Season 5 of \"\"Ghost Whisperer\"\", it originally aired on March 5, 2010 on CBS in United States. Melinda believes that some old war antiques she has are haunted. When she goes back to the man who sold them to her, George Mastersargeant, he gets very anxious and won't answer her questions. She becomes even more convinced when she has a vision where she steps on a landmine and everything explodes and starts seeing a ghost boy who seems to be playing soldier. Suspicious, she and Eli follow", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_317	who wrote knock knock knocking on heavens door?	n/a	[ "Bob Dylan" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10515847", "chunk_text": "\"Knockin' on Heaven's Door\"\nKnockin' on Heaven's Door \"\"Knockin' on Heaven's Door\"\" is a song by Bob Dylan, written for the soundtrack of the 1973 film \"\"Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid\"\". Released as a single, it reached No. 12 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 singles chart. Described by Dylan biographer Clinton Heylin as \"\"an exercise in splendid simplicity\"\", the song, in terms of the number of other artists who have covered it, is one of Dylan's most popular post-1960s compositions. In 1990, the band Guns N' Roses released a cover version to chart success. Members of the Western Writers of America chose it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1808164", "chunk_text": "\"Knockin' on Heaven's Door\"\nDoor: Rock Obituaries.\"\" The title is used as the name of Rohan Kishibe's Stand, \"\"Heaven's Door\"\", in the fourth part of the manga \"\"\"\"Jojo's Bizarre Adventure\"\"\"\", \"\"Diamond is Unbreakable\"\". Covered by The Jenerators, the song was used during a tribute to the death of cast member Miguel Ferrer of at the end of the Season 8 Episode 16 \"\"New Tricks\"\", broadcast on March 5, 2017. Ferrer was a member of The Jenerators. Knockin' on Heaven's Door \"\"Knockin' on Heaven's Door\"\" is a song by Bob Dylan, written for the soundtrack of the 1973 film \"\"Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14392997", "chunk_text": "\"Knock on Wood (song)\"\nKnock on Wood (song) \"\"Knock On Wood\"\" is a 1966 hit song written by Eddie Floyd and Steve Cropper and originally performed by Floyd. His recording peaked at number 28 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and spent one week at number 1 on the Soul Singles chart. The song was written in the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee (now The National Civil Rights Museum). Steve Cropper has stated in interviews that there was a lightning storm the night that he and Eddie wrote the song, hence the lyrics 'It's like thunder and lightning, The way you love me is frightening'.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7958356", "chunk_text": "\"Knockin' on Heaven's Door (1997 film)\"\nKnockin' on Heaven's Door (1997 film) Knockin' on Heaven's Door is a 1997 German criminal comedy, by Thomas Jahn, starring Til Schweiger, Moritz Bleibtreu, Jan Josef Liefers and Rutger Hauer. Its name derives from the Bob Dylan song which is also on the film's soundtrack. It was entered into the 20th Moscow International Film Festival where Til Schweiger won the Silver St. George for Best Actor. Two patients (Martin Brest and Rudi Wurlitzer) meet in a hospital, just after learning that both have an untreatable disease. They start talking about their death that is to come very soon. When they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6840908", "chunk_text": "\"Arthur Louis\"\nClapton's reggae interpretations. Other songs which exemplify his work in this genre are, his version of Dylan's \"\"I shall be released\"\" and \"\"If I ever needed you\"\" co-written with Scott English, both from Back from Palookaville. Arthur Louis's arrangement of the Bob Dylan song \"\"Knockin' on Heaven's Door\"\" first appeared on Louis's album \"\"Knockin' on Heaven's Door\"\" (1974) Louis's version of this song originally appeared on his album \"\"Knockin' on Heaven's Door\"\" (1974) Arthur Louis Arthur Louis (21 June 1945 – 24 December 2014) was a rock, blues and reggae cross-over musician. His surname is pronounced as \"\"luːɪs (Lewis)\"\" and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6331163", "chunk_text": "\"Knock on Wood (song)\"\nof the song. This recording was co-produced by Simon May. It reached the Top 10 twice in the UK, first in 1979 (peaking at number 6) and again in a remixed version in 1985 (peaking at number 7). Knock on Wood (song) \"\"Knock On Wood\"\" is a 1966 hit song written by Eddie Floyd and Steve Cropper and originally performed by Floyd. His recording peaked at number 28 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and spent one week at number 1 on the Soul Singles chart. The song was written in the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee (now The National Civil", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5560548", "chunk_text": "\"Knock Three Times\"\nKnock Three Times \"\"Knock Three Times\"\" is a popular song credited to Tony Orlando and Dawn. The actual singers were Tony Orlando, Toni Wine, and Linda November, prior to the creation of \"\"Dawn\"\" with Telma Hopkins and Joyce Vincent Wilson. The song was released as a single, paired with Orlando's other hit song, \"\"Candida\"\" (also written by Toni Wine). The single hit number one on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 in January 1971 and eventually sold six million copies. The song registered well at Adult Contemporary stations, reaching #2 on Billboard's \"\"Easy Listening\"\" survey. Outside the US, \"\"Knock Three Times\"\" also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9671074", "chunk_text": "\"People Who Knock on the Door\"\nPeople Who Knock on the Door People Who Knock on the Door (1983) is a novel by Patricia Highsmith. It was the nineteenth of her 22 novels. Highsmith drew inspiration from the revival of fundamentalist Christianity that achieved notoriety in the late 1970s in the US with the prominence of Jerry Falwell and other televangelists and the organization of its political arm, the Moral Majority. She watched US television programs in search of details for depicting preachers and advocates of religious fundamentalism. She traveled from Europe for several weeks in 1981 to visit New York City, Indianapolis, and Bloomington and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18148361", "chunk_text": "\"Knocking at Your Back Door\"\nKnocking at Your Back Door \"\"Knocking at Your Back Door\"\" is a song by the British hard rock band Deep Purple, the first track of the album \"\"Perfect Strangers\"\", which was released in September 1984. The song was written by Ritchie Blackmore, Ian Gillan and Roger Glover. The track was widely broadcast by the media of that time. It was used by the Seattle SuperSonics in their lineup intro during home games. The song is lyrically about anal sex, as it uses various sexual innuendos throughout the song. Ian Gillan commented: The song, released as a seven-inch single and CD", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1808163", "chunk_text": "\"Knockin' on Heaven's Door\"\nversion of the song, including children from the village singing the chorus with guitarist and producer of Dylan's album \"\"Infidels\"\" (1983), Mark Knopfler, was released on December 9 in the United Kingdom and reached No. 1 on the UK Singles Chart and Scottish Singles Chart, as well as number six in Ireland. The proceeds went to charities for children. The song was featured on the compilation album \"\"Hits 97\"\", where all royalties from the song were given to three separate charities. Gabrielle's single \"\"Rise\"\" (2000) sampled from this song. Nick Talevski used the title for his book, \"\"Knocking On Heaven's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9313844", "chunk_text": "\"I'm Gonna Knock on Your Door\"\nI'm Gonna Knock on Your Door \"\"I'm Gonna Knock on Your Door\"\", written by Aaron Schroeder and Sid Wayne, is a song that was originally released by the Isley Brothers in 1959 and became a hit for teenage actor Eddie Hodges in 1961. It peaked at #12 at \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. An excerpt of the song was used in the Buchanan and Goodman 1961 break -in novelty recording entitled \"\"Berlin Top Ten\"\" which dealt with the Berlin Wall crisis, during the Cold War, as Boris the Russian Spinner, introduced the song as \"\"I'm Gonna Knock on your Door\"\" by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14359639", "chunk_text": "\"Knock Knock (Monica song)\"\nKnock Knock (Monica song) \"\"Knock Knock\"\" is a song by American recording artist Monica, taken from her fourth studio album \"\"After the Storm\"\" (2003). It was written and produced by rapper-producer Missy Elliott and commissioned following the delay and subsequent reconstruction of Monica's 2002 album, \"\"All Eyez on Me\"\". One out of a handful of tracks which Elliott contributed, the song incorporates elements of 1970s-style soul, as well as hip hop, and is built around excerpts of the record \"\"It's a Terrible Thing to Waste Your Love\"\" as written by Lee Hatim and released by The Masqueraders in 1976. Rapper-producer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4933556", "chunk_text": "\"Knockin' on Heaven's Door\"\nas one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time. In January 1975 Eric Clapton played on Jamaican singer Arthur Louis' recording of \"\"Knockin' on Heaven's Door\"\" arranged in a reggae style. Subsequently, Clapton recorded his own reggae-style version of the song which was released in August 1975, two weeks after Louis's version was released as a single in July 1975. Clapton's single peaked at No. 38 in the UK Singles Chart. The single was less successful in the US, only reaching No. 109 in \"\"Cash Box\"\". Clapton's 1996 boxed set \"\"\"\" features a performance recorded in London in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20985812", "chunk_text": "\"Welcome to My World (Jim Reeves song)\"\nWelcome to My World (Jim Reeves song) \"\"Welcome to My World\"\" is a popular music standard written by Ray Winkler and John Hathcock (1919-2000) and recorded by many artists, most notably Jim Reeves. Though the song is credited to Winkler and Hathcock, the melody was likely written by Eddie McDuff rather than Winkler. A traditional love song, the bridge includes lyrics taken from (\"\"\"\"Knock and the door will open; seek and you will find; ask and you'll be given\"\" ... ,\"\" from the Sermon on the Mount). The most famous version was performed by country music singer Jim Reeves, whose", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16587744", "chunk_text": "\"Pat Garrett & Billy the Kid (album)\"\nPat Garrett & Billy the Kid (album) Pat Garrett & Billy the Kid is the 12th studio album and first soundtrack album by American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, released on July 13, 1973 by Columbia Records for the Sam Peckinpah film, \"\"Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid\"\". Dylan himself appeared in the film as the character \"\"Alias\"\". The soundtrack consists primarily of instrumental music and was inspired by the movie itself, and included \"\"Knockin' on Heaven's Door\"\", which became a trans-Atlantic Top 20 hit. Certified gold by RIAA, \"\"Pat Garrett & Billy the Kid\"\" reached US and UK. \"\"Pat Garrett and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16430575", "chunk_text": "\"Levon Helm\"\n18, Robertson revealed on his Facebook page that he had a long visit with Helm at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center the previous Sunday. On the same day, Garth Hudson posted on his personal website that he was \"\"too sad for words\"\". He then left a link for a video of himself and the Alexis P. Suter Band performing Bob Dylan's song \"\"Knocking on Heaven's Door\"\". Helm died on April 19, 2012 at 1:30 p.m. (EDT) due to complications from throat cancer at age 71. Fans were invited to a public wake at Helm's Barn studio complex on April 26. Approximately", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7749811", "chunk_text": "\"Bob Dylan\"\nmaterial, mourning the killing of Black Panther George Jackson in San Quentin State Prison that year. Dylan contributed piano and harmony to Steve Goodman's album, \"\"Somebody Else's Troubles\"\", under the pseudonym Robert Milkwood Thomas (referencing the play Under Milk Wood by Dylan Thomas and his own previous name) in September 1972. In 1972, Dylan signed to Sam Peckinpah's film \"\"Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid\"\", providing songs and backing music for the movie, and playing \"\"Alias\"\", a member of Billy's gang with some historical basis. Despite the film's failure at the box office, the song \"\"Knockin' on Heaven's Door\"\" became", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15072490", "chunk_text": "\"Knock, Knock Who's There?\"\nKnock, Knock Who's There? \"\"Knock, Knock Who's There?\"\" is a song written and composed by John Carter and Geoff Stephens. It was originally sung and recorded by the Welsh singer Mary Hopkin and was the United Kingdom's entry at the Eurovision Song Contest 1970 where it came second. The single version was produced by Mickie Most and reached No.2 on the UK charts. On 7 March 1970, Mary Hopkin sang six songs at the UK National Final, \"\"A Song for Europe\"\", which was aired on the television series \"\"It's Cliff Richard!\"\". Hopkin was chosen by the BBC to be the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "759543", "chunk_text": "\"Zé Ramalho Canta Bob Dylan – Tá Tudo Mudando\"\nZé Ramalho Canta Bob Dylan – Tá Tudo Mudando Zé Ramalho Canta Bob Dylan – Tá Tudo Mudando is the second tribute album by Brazilian singer-songwriter Zé Ramalho, released in 2008. This time, he pays an homage to Bob Dylan, whose \"\"Knockin' on Heaven's Door\"\" had already been covered by him. Most of the songs' lyrics were almost literally rewritten to Portuguese. The album cover is a reference to Dylan's known promotional film clip for the 1965 song \"\"Subterranean Homesick Blues\"\". \"\"O Vento Vai Responder\"\", a cover of \"\"Blowin' in the Wind\"\", was used in the soundtrack of the Rede", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1808162", "chunk_text": "\"Knockin' on Heaven's Door\"\nused as the B-side for the single release and was also included on their \"\"\"\" album, released in 1999. The music video for this version of the song was directed by Andy Morahan. Weekly charts Year-end charts In 1996 and with the consent of Dylan, Scottish musician Ted Christopher wrote a new verse for \"\"Knockin' on Heaven's Door\"\" in memory of the schoolchildren and teacher killed in the Dunblane school massacre. This has been, according to some sources, one of the few times Dylan has officially authorized anybody to add or change the lyrics to one of his songs. This", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14671251", "chunk_text": "\"I Hear You Knocking\"\nBrownies (1936); and \"\"Keep Knocking (But You Can't Come In)\"\", by Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys (1938). None of these early singles listed a songwriter or composer. However, when popular jump blues bandleader Louis Jordan and his Tympany Five recorded the song as \"\"Keep A-Knockin'\"\" in 1939, the single's credits listed \"\"Mays-Bradford\"\" (Bert Mays and Perry Bradford). in 1957, Little Richard recorded it with \"\"R. Penniman\"\", Richard's legal name, listed as the writer, although Bert Mays and J. Mayo Williams were later credited as songwriters. Beginning with his signing by the Los Angeles–based Imperial Records in 1950, Smiley Lewis", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8641443", "chunk_text": "\"First and Last and Always\"\nhad been postponed to the beginning of the next year. The band then returned to Genetic Studios to put the finishing touches on the album. It was possibly at these sessions that the band recorded a studio version of the Bob Dylan song \"\"Knockin' on Heaven's Door\"\"; an indication of the band's black humour. Studio versions of the two later Mission songs, \"\"Serpents Kiss\"\" and \"\"Wake\"\", exist. Wayne Hussey: \"\"Both of these songs were actually first recorded during the sessions for [\"\"First and Last and Always\"\"], but weren't completed at that time.\"\" It's not clear whether these two songs were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6032565", "chunk_text": "\"Open Up Your Door\"\nOpen Up Your Door \"\"Open Up Your Door\"\" is the first single by the American band, Richard and the Young Lions, composed by professional songwriters Larry Brown, aka L. Russell Brown, Ray Bloodworth, and Neville Nader, and released on July 1966 on Philips Records (\"\"see\"\" 1966 in music). It was the only nationally charting recording by the group, and it also reached the top five in multiple regional markets. Brown and Bloodworth decided to record with the group in spring-1966, after they showed promise in an invitation to a jam session. The band was signed to Philip Records, partially completing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20767605", "chunk_text": "\"Open Up Your Door\"\ngroup. \"\"Open Up Your Door\"\" was later included in the 1998 reissue of the compilation album, \"\"\"\". Open Up Your Door \"\"Open Up Your Door\"\" is the first single by the American band, Richard and the Young Lions, composed by professional songwriters Larry Brown, aka L. Russell Brown, Ray Bloodworth, and Neville Nader, and released on July 1966 on Philips Records (\"\"see\"\" 1966 in music). It was the only nationally charting recording by the group, and it also reached the top five in multiple regional markets. Brown and Bloodworth decided to record with the group in spring-1966, after they showed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11014294", "chunk_text": "\"Rise (Gabrielle song)\"\nRise (Gabrielle song) \"\"Rise\"\" is a song by English singer Gabrielle. It was written by Gabrielle, Ollie Dagois and Ferdy Unger-Hamilton and produced by Jonny Dollar for her same-titled third studio album (1999). Notable for a rare authorised use of a Bob Dylan sample, it takes extensively from his 1973-song \"\"Knockin' on Heaven's Door\"\", which was produced for the soundtrack of Sam Peckinpah's western drama film \"\"Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid\"\" (1973). Dylan liked \"\"Rise\"\" so much that he allowed Gabrielle to use the sample for free, while receiving a co-writer credit for providing the song's chord progression and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6691777", "chunk_text": "\"Never Again (Will I Knock on Your Door)\"\nNever Again (Will I Knock on Your Door) \"\"Never Again (Will I Knock on Your Door)\"\" is a song written and recorded by Hank Williams. It was the singer's first single released on Sterling Records in 1947. In 1946, Sterling Records was looking for \"\"hillbilly\"\" singer to complement its jazz, pop, and R&B series, so producer Fred Rose signed Williams, who he had come to know through singer Molly O'Day recording several of his compositions Williams was backed on the session by the Willis Brothers, who also went by the name of the Oklahoma Wranglers: James \"\"Guy\"\" Willis (guitar), Vic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14580999", "chunk_text": "\"Somebody's Knockin'\"\nSomebody's Knockin' \"\"Somebody's Knockin\"\" is the debut single of American country music singer Terri Gibbs. It was released in late 1980 from her debut album, \"\"Somebody's Knockin\"\". It was co-written by Jerry Gillespie and Ed Penney. Penney was a record company executive who liked Gibbs's voice when he first heard her audition tape, but felt she needed stronger material. Penney was a former Boston disc jockey who had promoted records and written a number of songs before moving to Nashville. He was the producer of \"\"Somebody's Knockin'\"\" and became Terri Gibbs's manager. An uncredited review in \"\"Billboard\"\" praised Gibbs' \"\"unusual", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18249656", "chunk_text": "\"Willard Motley\"\nat Northern Illinois University. Willard Motley Willard Francis Motley (July 14, 1909 – March 4, 1965) was an African-American author. Motley published a column in the \"\"Chicago Defender\"\" under the pen-name Bud Billiken. Motley also worked as a freelance writer, and later founded and published the \"\"Hull House Magazine\"\" and worked in the Federal Writers Project. Motley's first and best known novel was Knock on Any Door, which was made into a \"\"movie by the same name\"\" (1947). Motley was born and grew up in the Englewood neighborhood, South Side, Chicago, in one of the few African-American families residing there.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4330232", "chunk_text": "\"Willard Motley\"\nWillard Motley Willard Francis Motley (July 14, 1909 – March 4, 1965) was an African-American author. Motley published a column in the \"\"Chicago Defender\"\" under the pen-name Bud Billiken. Motley also worked as a freelance writer, and later founded and published the \"\"Hull House Magazine\"\" and worked in the Federal Writers Project. Motley's first and best known novel was Knock on Any Door, which was made into a \"\"movie by the same name\"\" (1947). Motley was born and grew up in the Englewood neighborhood, South Side, Chicago, in one of the few African-American families residing there. His father was a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16225202", "chunk_text": "\"Green Door\"\nGreen Door \"\"The Green Door\"\" (or \"\"Green Door\"\") is a 1956 popular song with music composed by Bob \"\"Hutch\"\" Davie and lyrics written by Marvin Moore. The song was first recorded by Jim Lowe, whose version reached number one on the US pop chart. The lyrics describe the allure of a mysterious private club with a green door, behind which \"\"a happy crowd\"\" play piano, smoke and \"\"laugh a lot\"\", and inside which the singer is not allowed. The hit version of the song in the United States was recorded by Jim Lowe, backed by the orchestra of songwriter Davie,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15072495", "chunk_text": "\"Knock, Knock Who's There?\"\n40. Also in 1970 reached No. 35 in Germany with the rendering \"\"Komm, Komm Zu Mir\"\", while Kristina Hautala recorded the Finnish rendering \"\"Kop Kop, Ken Lie\"\". In 1971, Hong Kong female singer Sum Sum (森森) covered the song in the Mandarin Chinese language with Chinese lyrics written by and given the title name of 我情願你惱恨我, appearing on her LP album \"\"一寸相思一寸淚 (Bitter Love In Tears)\"\" released by EMI Regal Records Knock, Knock Who's There? \"\"Knock, Knock Who's There?\"\" is a song written and composed by John Carter and Geoff Stephens. It was originally sung and recorded by the Welsh", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6840905", "chunk_text": "\"Arthur Louis\"\nEric Clapton and Gene Chandler. The title song, a reggae blues version of Bob Dylan's \"\"Knockin' on Heaven's Door\"\" was released as a single in July 1975, a week before Eric Clapton released his own interpretation of Louis's arrangement, of the same song. Louis's release received attention but was over shadowed by Clapton's, which featured Louis's \"\"Someone Like You\"\" as the B-side. Louis's album Knocking on Heaven's Door, eventually climbed to #6 in International charts. In 1991 the German record label Discovery Sounds licensed and re-mastered his debut album, Knockin' on heaven's door and the subsequent release revived interest in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8388047", "chunk_text": "\"People Who Knock on the Door\"\nbut faulted the denouement: \"\"It is some kind of solution, but not a comfortable one; Miss Highsmith can do much better than this callous if skilful story.\"\" People Who Knock on the Door People Who Knock on the Door (1983) is a novel by Patricia Highsmith. It was the nineteenth of her 22 novels. Highsmith drew inspiration from the revival of fundamentalist Christianity that achieved notoriety in the late 1970s in the US with the prominence of Jerry Falwell and other televangelists and the organization of its political arm, the Moral Majority. She watched US television programs in search of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18350765", "chunk_text": "\"Keep A-Knockin'\"\nKeep A-Knockin' \"\"Keep A-Knockin' (But You Can't Come In)\"\" is a popular song that has been recorded by a variety of musicians over the years. The lyrics concern a lover at the door who won't be admitted—in some versions because someone else is already there, but in most others because the knocking lover has behaved badly. Early versions are sometimes credited to Perry Bradford and J. Mayo Williams. Variations were recorded by James \"\"Boodle It\"\" Wiggins in 1928, Lil Johnson in 1935, Milton Brown in 1936 and Louis Jordan in 1939. A similar lyrical theme appears in \"\"Open the Door,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7026790", "chunk_text": "\"Dunblane massacre\"\nThe spirit of a child that waits for me\"\"\"\") and W. H. Auden (\"\"\"\"We are linked as children in a circle dancing\"\"\"\"). With the consent of Bob Dylan, the musician Ted Christopher wrote a new verse for \"\"Knockin' on Heaven's Door\"\" in memory of the Dunblane school children and their teacher. The recording of the revised version of the song, which included brothers and sisters of the victims singing the chorus and Mark Knopfler on guitar, was released on 9 December 1996 in the UK, and reached number 1. The proceeds went to charities for children. Pipe Sergeant Charlie Glendinning", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10469851", "chunk_text": "\"I'm Gonna Knock on Your Door\"\nSecret Police, before an announcement of another cold war issue interrupted the song. I'm Gonna Knock on Your Door \"\"I'm Gonna Knock on Your Door\"\", written by Aaron Schroeder and Sid Wayne, is a song that was originally released by the Isley Brothers in 1959 and became a hit for teenage actor Eddie Hodges in 1961. It peaked at #12 at \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. An excerpt of the song was used in the Buchanan and Goodman 1961 break -in novelty recording entitled \"\"Berlin Top Ten\"\" which dealt with the Berlin Wall crisis, during the Cold War, as Boris the Russian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2976802", "chunk_text": "\"Eddie Floyd\"\nEddie Floyd Edward Lee Floyd (born June 25, 1937) is an American soul-R&B singer and songwriter, best known for his work on the Stax record label in the 1960s and 1970s including the number 1 R&B hit song \"\"Knock on Wood\"\". Floyd was born in Montgomery, Alabama, and grew up in Detroit, Michigan. He founded The Falcons, which also featured Mack Rice. They were forerunners to future Detroit vocal groups such as The Temptations and The Four Tops. Their most successful songs included \"\"You're So Fine\"\" and later, when Wilson Pickett was recruited into the group as the lead singer,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16425337", "chunk_text": "\"The Magnificent 7 (album)\"\nThe Magnificent 7 (album) The Magnificent 7 is a collaborative album combining Motown's premier vocal groups, The Supremes and The Four Tops. Issued by Motown in 1970, it followed two collaborative albums the group did with The Temptations in the late 1960s. The album featured their hit cover of Ike & Tina Turner's \"\"River Deep – Mountain High\"\", which reached #14 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 singles chart. Apart from \"\"Knock on My Door\"\" (written by Patti Jerome and Joe Hinton), the rest of the tracks on the LP were also covers of rock and soul songs, including the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6840904", "chunk_text": "\"Arthur Louis\"\nArthur Louis Arthur Louis (21 June 1945 – 24 December 2014) was a rock, blues and reggae cross-over musician. His surname is pronounced as \"\"luːɪs (Lewis)\"\" and he held British nationality. He released three solo albums and was responsible for introducing the work of musician Mike Oldfield to Virgin Records. Born in Jamaica, Louis moved to Brooklyn with his family at a young age. In his late teens he attended Michigan State University where he joined and toured with the band Terminal Stations, in Brazil and Germany. Louis recorded his debut album \"\"Knockin' on Heaven's Door\"\" in 1974, which featured", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4954306", "chunk_text": "\"Knock Knock (play)\"\nKnock Knock (play) Knock Knock is a play written by American author, cartoonist and playwright Jules Feiffer. It is a comedy, and was produced on Broadway in 1976, where it earned Tony Award nominations including Best Play. In a cabin in the woods, two bickering old Jewish recluses, Abe and Cohn, have retired, and haven't moved in two decades. Abe is a former stockbroker, and Cohn is an unemployed musician. In fact Abe and Cohn represent one character, that has been split into two opposing sides of the same spirit: Cohn is the realist, who believing only in empirical reality,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "759545", "chunk_text": "\"Zé Ramalho Canta Bob Dylan – Tá Tudo Mudando\"\nlanguage and arranging it the way I did, with a galloping northeastern rhythm, it would be interesting, and I think it was! This arrangement is also inspired by the recording of this song that George Harrison did in his album\"\" All Things Must Pass\"\".\"\"\"\" \"\"Literal translations of Portuguese song titles in parenthesis.\"\" Zé Ramalho Canta Bob Dylan – Tá Tudo Mudando Zé Ramalho Canta Bob Dylan – Tá Tudo Mudando is the second tribute album by Brazilian singer-songwriter Zé Ramalho, released in 2008. This time, he pays an homage to Bob Dylan, whose \"\"Knockin' on Heaven's Door\"\" had already been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10125003", "chunk_text": "\"Hutch Davie\"\nHutch Davie Robert Bunyan Davie III (born c.1932), known as Bob \"\"Hutch\"\" Davie and sometimes credited as Bun Davie, Budd McCoy, Clint Harmon or Chuck Harmon, is an orchestra leader, arranger, pianist, and composer of popular music. He composed the song \"\"Green Door\"\", and led the orchestra which backed Jim Lowe on the best-selling version of the song in 1956. Davie was born in Birmingham, Alabama, the only child of Bunyan Davie Jr. and Louise McCoy. He was a musical prodigy and taught himself to play the piano by the age of four. He had perfect pitch and expressed his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3802673", "chunk_text": "\"Eddie Floyd\"\nmusic. Eddie Floyd Edward Lee Floyd (born June 25, 1937) is an American soul-R&B singer and songwriter, best known for his work on the Stax record label in the 1960s and 1970s including the number 1 R&B hit song \"\"Knock on Wood\"\". Floyd was born in Montgomery, Alabama, and grew up in Detroit, Michigan. He founded The Falcons, which also featured Mack Rice. They were forerunners to future Detroit vocal groups such as The Temptations and The Four Tops. Their most successful songs included \"\"You're So Fine\"\" and later, when Wilson Pickett was recruited into the group as the lead", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5271130", "chunk_text": "\"Katy Butler\"\nchaos of modern life. Married to Brian Donohue and lives in the San Francisco Bay Area. Born in South Africa in 1949. Grew up in England and the Boston area. A Buddhist since 1977, Butler was lay ordained by the Vietnamese monk Thich Nhat Hanh and has co-led small meditation groups. Katy Butler Katy Butler (born 1949) is an American journalist, essayist and author of \"\"Knocking on Heaven's Door, the Path to a Better Way of Death,\"\" (Scribner, 2013) and \"\"The Art of Dying Well: A Practical Guide to a Good End of Life\"\" (Simon & Schuster, 2019). Attended Sarah", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11069493", "chunk_text": "\"L. Russell Brown\"\nL. Russell Brown Lawrence \"\"Larry\"\" Russell Brown (born June 29, 1940), known as L. Russell Brown, is an American lyricist and composer. He is most noted for his songs, co-written with Irwin Levine, \"\"Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree\"\" and \"\"Knock Three Times\"\"—international hits for the 1970s pop music group Tony Orlando and Dawn. He also co-wrote \"\"C'mon Marianne\"\" for The Four Seasons, and The Partridge Family 1971 song, \"\"I Woke Up In Love This Morning\"\". Born in Newark, New Jersey, Brown began his songwriting career when he was sixteen with the R&B label Fury Records. Co-writing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10125007", "chunk_text": "\"Hutch Davie\"\nsongs \"\"Good Morning Starshine\"\" and \"\"Jean\"\", The Shirelles, and Mitch Ryder and the Detroit Wheels, among many others. In 1974, he moved to Scotch Plains, New Jersey with his wife and son. Hutch Davie Robert Bunyan Davie III (born c.1932), known as Bob \"\"Hutch\"\" Davie and sometimes credited as Bun Davie, Budd McCoy, Clint Harmon or Chuck Harmon, is an orchestra leader, arranger, pianist, and composer of popular music. He composed the song \"\"Green Door\"\", and led the orchestra which backed Jim Lowe on the best-selling version of the song in 1956. Davie was born in Birmingham, Alabama, the only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11722747", "chunk_text": "\"Rise (Gabrielle song)\"\nboxing match. The video was directed by Kevin Godley and was shot in the winter of 1999. UK CD: 1 (GOBCD 25) UK CD: 2 (GOLCD 25) Rise (Gabrielle song) \"\"Rise\"\" is a song by English singer Gabrielle. It was written by Gabrielle, Ollie Dagois and Ferdy Unger-Hamilton and produced by Jonny Dollar for her same-titled third studio album (1999). Notable for a rare authorised use of a Bob Dylan sample, it takes extensively from his 1973-song \"\"Knockin' on Heaven's Door\"\", which was produced for the soundtrack of Sam Peckinpah's western drama film \"\"Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid\"\" (1973).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18713343", "chunk_text": "\"Knock on Any Door\"\nDoor\"\"...Nicholas Ray's direction stresses the realism of the script taken from Willard Motley's novel of the same title, and gives the film a hard, taut pace that compels complete attention.\"\" In 1960 a sequel to the film, \"\"Let No Man Write My Epitaph\"\", was produced and directed by Philip Leacock starring Burl Ives, Shelley Winters, James Darren, Ella Fitzgerald, among others. It was based on the 1958 novel of the same name by Willard Motley. Knock on Any Door Knock on Any Door is a 1949 American courtroom trial film noir directed by Nicholas Ray and starring Humphrey Bogart. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9615438", "chunk_text": "\"Let No Man Write My Epitaph\"\nLet No Man Write My Epitaph Let No Man Write My Epitaph is a 1960 American crime drama film about the son of an executed criminal who aspires to escape his impoverished, crime-ridden neighborhood with the help of his mother and a group of concerned neighbors. The film was directed by Philip Leacock, and stars Burl Ives, Shelley Winters, James Darren, Jean Seberg, and Ricardo Montalban. The film was based on the 1958 novel of the same name by Willard Motley, and is a sequel to the 1949 film \"\"Knock on Any Door\"\", which was itself based on an earlier", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9709097", "chunk_text": "\"Back Door Man\"\nBack Door Man \"\"Back Door Man\"\" is a blues song written by Willie Dixon and recorded by Howlin' Wolf in 1960. It was released in 1961 by Chess Records as the B-side to Wolf's \"\"Wang Dang Doodle\"\" (catalog no. 1777). The song is considered a classic of Chicago blues. In Southern culture, the phrase \"\"back-door man\"\" refers to a man having an affair with a married woman, using the back door as an exit before the husband comes home. \"\"When everybody trying to sleep, I'm somewhere making my midnight creep / Every morning the rooster crow, something tell me I", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_318	who plays stacey's mum in gavin and stacey?	n/a	[ "Melanie Walters" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1714686", "chunk_text": "\"Gavin & Stacey\"\nGavin & Stacey Gavin & Stacey is a British sitcom, written by James Corden and Ruth Jones, that follows the long-distance relationship of an Englishman and a Welsh woman. The merging of their quirky families forms the focus of the show. Mathew Horne and Joanna Page play the title characters, while the writers co-star as Gavin and Stacey's friends, Smithy and Nessa. Other prominent cast members include Alison Steadman and Larry Lamb, who play Gavin's parents, Pam and Mick, and Melanie Walters and Rob Brydon, who portray Stacey's mother, Gwen, and her uncle, Bryn. The theme for the series was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10993579", "chunk_text": "\"Joanna Page\"\nKit, on 1 April 2015 and, on 13 December 2016, a son, Noah. Page was nominated for \"\"Best Female Comedy Newcomer\"\" at the 2007 British Comedy Awards. Joanna Page Joanna Louise Page (born 23 March 1978) is a Welsh actress, model, and comedian, best known for her role as Stacey West Shipman in the BAFTA-winning television series \"\"Gavin & Stacey\"\". Page was born in Treboeth, Swansea, Wales, the only child of Susan Angela (née Foster) and Nigel Leslie Page. She attended Mynyddbach Comprehensive School, where she was head girl. She graduated from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1714693", "chunk_text": "\"Gavin & Stacey\"\nto Sullivan as her housemate; a member of the band she initially lives with. Nessa had also claimed to have had an affair with Prescott. The initial series begins with the lives of the title characters, Gavin Shipman (Mathew Horne) and Stacey West (Joanna Page). Gavin is 28 and lives at home in Billericay, Essex, with his parents, Mick (Larry Lamb) and Pam (Alison Steadman). He and Stacey, along with their respective best friends Neil \"\"Smithy\"\" Smith (James Corden) and Nessa Jenkins (Ruth Jones), go out on a double date. The night ends with Gavin and Stacey returning to a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17067291", "chunk_text": "\"Joanna Page\"\nJoanna Page Joanna Louise Page (born 23 March 1978) is a Welsh actress, model, and comedian, best known for her role as Stacey West Shipman in the BAFTA-winning television series \"\"Gavin & Stacey\"\". Page was born in Treboeth, Swansea, Wales, the only child of Susan Angela (née Foster) and Nigel Leslie Page. She attended Mynyddbach Comprehensive School, where she was head girl. She graduated from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in 1998. On graduation from RADA, Page spent ten years in stage-based roles, mainly costume dramas for the Royal National Theatre and Royal Shakespeare Company. This led to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7231108", "chunk_text": "\"Melanie Walters\"\nteaching Pilates. Melanie Walters Melanie Walters (born 1962) is a Welsh actress who has worked frequently in television. She is best known for playing Gwen West in the BBC comedy-drama \"\"Gavin & Stacey\"\". Walters was born and raised in the Mumbles, near Swansea. Her father died when she was very young, leaving her mother to raise four children under four years old. In 1973, aged 11, she took over her brother's paper round, covering Mumbles Head every day, an experience she described at length on BBC Radio 4 in January 2012. When she was 14 she qualified as a lifeguard,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7231106", "chunk_text": "\"Melanie Walters\"\nMelanie Walters Melanie Walters (born 1962) is a Welsh actress who has worked frequently in television. She is best known for playing Gwen West in the BBC comedy-drama \"\"Gavin & Stacey\"\". Walters was born and raised in the Mumbles, near Swansea. Her father died when she was very young, leaving her mother to raise four children under four years old. In 1973, aged 11, she took over her brother's paper round, covering Mumbles Head every day, an experience she described at length on BBC Radio 4 in January 2012. When she was 14 she qualified as a lifeguard, working on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8540069", "chunk_text": "\"Stacey Slater\"\ninvites himself into Stacey's home and they become friendly; Stacey soon realises he is homeless. She also contacts Kyle's mother Alison Slater (Denise Welch) who visits, but she refuses to accept him. To help with Martin's money problems, Andy tells him he can help him steal some toilets that were delivered in error to the building site he is working on, which is the house next to Martin and Stacey's flat. Andy, Martin, Stacey and Kyle successfully steal them but fail to sell them. Belinda then moves in after leaving her husband Neville Peacock (Gary Webster), and they are all", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1714689", "chunk_text": "\"Gavin & Stacey\"\nfrom Billericay in Essex, and Stacey, from Barry in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales. Initially, Gavin lives with his parents, Pam and Mick, and spends most of his time with his best friend, Smithy. Stacey lives with her widowed mother, Gwen, and is frequently visited by her uncle, Bryn, who lives across the road, and by her best friend Nessa. The series follows the key moments in their relationship: their first meeting, meeting each other's families, getting engaged, marrying, looking for a flat, briefly splitting up, looking for new jobs and trying for children. The characters of Gavin and Stacey", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10539738", "chunk_text": "\"Diane Langton\"\nDiane Langton Diane Langton (born 31 May 1947) is an English actress and singer, most notable for playing Nana McQueen in \"\"Hollyoaks\"\" from 2007 to 2009, and then again from 2012. She has appeared in numerous TV shows. In \"\"Only Fools and Horses\"\" in the 1980s she played June Snell, a former girlfriend of Del Boy. She also appeared in \"\"The Rag Trade\"\" as Kathy Roberts, \"\"EastEnders\"\" as Cindy Beale's mother Bev Williams, in \"\"Heartbeat\"\" as Ruby Rowan, Nick Berry's character's mother, and as a prostitute in an episode of \"\"Joking Apart\"\". Her other notable TV appearances have included \"\"Alas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15711836", "chunk_text": "\"Stacey Slater\"\nhas proven popular with fans and critics, and Turner has won multiple awards for her portrayal. Stacey, age 15, arrives in Walford in November 2004, to move in with her great-uncle Charlie (Derek Martin) after being thrown out by her mother Jean (Gillian Wright). She causes trouble through her promiscuous and immoral behaviour, and is sent back home to Jean. However, she then returns to the Slaters, eventually beginning to settle down when joined by her mother and older brother Sean (Robert Kazinsky). It is revealed that Stacey had a troubled childhood, due to Jean's bipolar disorder and the death", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "304229", "chunk_text": "\"Margaret John\"\nnephew, Chris Davies, at a ceremony in the Brangwyn Hall, Swansea. Margaret John Margaret John (14 December 1926 – 2 February 2011) was a Welsh, BAFTA award-winning actress, best known for her role as Doris O'Neill in \"\"Gavin & Stacey\"\". She has been described, by fellow actress Ruth Jones, as \"\"an absolute national treasure\"\". Born in Swansea, as a child she wanted to be a nurse or vet, but she could not stand the sight of blood. She occasionally acted at school with her sister Mair. Spotted while acting in a chapel pagent competition, after an audition John trained at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "607116", "chunk_text": "\"Ruth Jones\"\n2013. In 2010, Jones took part in \"\"Channel 4's Comedy Gala\"\", a benefit show held in aid of Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, filmed live at the O2 Arena in London on 30 March. Ruth Jones Ruth Alexandra Elisabeth Jones, (born 22 September 1966) is a Welsh television actress, novelist and screenwriter. She co-starred in and co-wrote the award-winning British comedy \"\"Gavin & Stacey\"\" and has appeared in many television comedies and dramas, such as Jimmy McGovern \"\"The Street\"\" with Timothy Spall (2009), and starring as Hattie Jacques in \"\"Hattie\"\" for BBC Four. She takes the lead role in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8540044", "chunk_text": "\"Stacey Slater\"\nprison. Sam's family and Den's adopted daughter Sharon Watts (Letitia Dean) pressure her into telling the truth, and eventually Den's wife Chrissie Watts (Tracy-Ann Oberman) is arrested for the murder. Despite being unimpressed by Walford newcomer Bradley Branning (Charlie Clements), the pair grow to love one another but the relationship deteriorates when Stacey discovers she has been impregnated by Bradley. When he uncovers the truth, Bradley constantly urges Stacey to have an abortion. After hours of pleading with Bradley, she finally gives up and after doing so, their romance sours. Bradley calls time on his relationship with Stacey when she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1253205", "chunk_text": "\"Margaret John\"\nMargaret John Margaret John (14 December 1926 – 2 February 2011) was a Welsh, BAFTA award-winning actress, best known for her role as Doris O'Neill in \"\"Gavin & Stacey\"\". She has been described, by fellow actress Ruth Jones, as \"\"an absolute national treasure\"\". Born in Swansea, as a child she wanted to be a nurse or vet, but she could not stand the sight of blood. She occasionally acted at school with her sister Mair. Spotted while acting in a chapel pagent competition, after an audition John trained at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, graduating in 1950.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3011353", "chunk_text": "\"Gavin Sullivan\"\nRickman (Bleu Landau) in a bedroom. When Kathy attempts to call the police, Gavin appears. He threatens to light fireworks inside the house, hoping to kill himself, Kathy, Ben, Phil and Dennis. Sharon Mitchell (Letitia Dean), Phil's wife and Dennis's mother, arrives and Gavin reveals he knows that Sharon is the adopted daughter of Den Watts (Leslie Grantham) and Angie Watts (Anita Dobson). Gavin surprises Kathy by saying that Walford was once his home and he had a child. Sharon realises Gavin could be her birth father, and he confirms it when he says, \"\"Hello, princess\"\", which Den used to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11935146", "chunk_text": "\"Gavin & Stacey\"\nSouth Wales to be with her family. In the final episode of the series, Stacey takes off her wedding ring, much to the upset of Gavin, but this is interrupted by the news of Nessa unexpectedly going into labour a month early. Pam, Mick and Stacey hurry across to Wales, whilst Gavin rushes to find Smithy with Smithy's sister, Rudi (Sheridan Smith), eventually finding him in the pub watching football. They arrive to find that Nessa has given birth to a boy, Neil. Gavin and Stacey decide to put their differences aside and are together once again. An extended Christmas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16616215", "chunk_text": "\"Dominic Treadwell-Collins\"\nClaudette Hubbard (Ellen Thomas) as Vincent's mother and Donna's adoptive Mother, and the Kazemi family - Kush Kazemi (Davood Ghadami, Carmel Kazemi (Bonnie Langford) and Shakil Kazemi (Shaheen Jafargholi). Treadwell-Collins also reintroduced several characters who had previously featured in the show, including Sonia Fowler (Natalie Cassidy) Stacey Branning (Lacey Turner), Dean Wicks (Matt Di Angelo), Les Coker (Roger Sloman), Jane Beale (Laurie Brett), Kathy Beale (Gillian Taylforth), Honey Mitchell (Emma Barton) Jack Branning (Scott Maslen), and Steven Beale (Aaron Sidwell) who all returned permanently, while the likes of Peggy Mitchell (Barbara Windsor), Nick Cotton (John Altman) and Grant Mitchell (Ross", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2496712", "chunk_text": "\"Martin Fowler (EastEnders)\"\n(Todd Carty) and his mother Pauline Fowler (Wendy Richard) die. Since his return in 2014, Martin has divorced Sonia, married Stacey Branning (Lacey Turner), discovered that Stacey's baby Arthur is actually the son of his best friend Kush Kazemi (Davood Ghadami), survived a bus crash, assaulted a police officer which resulted in a small prison sentence as punishment, the premature birth of his daughter Hope Fowler, and discovering that Stacey cheated on him with Max Branning (Jake Wood). When Pauline and Arthur tell Pauline's mother Lou Beale (Anna Wing) that Pauline is pregnant, Lou is furious because they have two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15711835", "chunk_text": "\"Stacey Slater\"\nMasood (Rakhee Thakrar), a relationship with Martin Fowler (James Bye), a fling with Shabnam's fiancé Kush Kazemi (Davood Ghadami), possessing a mystery key, being electrocuted, giving birth to a son, Arthur, developing a rare mental illness known as postpartum psychosis, discovering her deceased father had another family, being accused of hurting her son by Carmel Kazemi (Bonnie Langford), which leads to the premature birth of her daughter Hope Fowler, cheating on Martin with Max, which leads to a strained relationship between the couple which is later repaired and supporting her best friend Ruby Allen (Louisa Lytton) through her rape. Stacey", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15711854", "chunk_text": "\"Stacey Slater\"\nthat she saw her dead father Brian when she was electrocuted. When Shabnam finds the baby scan Stacey is hiding, Stacey throws her out of the flat and tears up the scan photo. When Shabnam asks why Stacey is hiding the photo from Martin, Stacey admits he is not the father but the real father was a one-night stand before getting together with him. When Kush confronts her, she tells him that she thinks he could be the father. Kush's mother Carmel Kazemi (Bonnie Langford) notices Kush and Stacey talking, and realises that he could be the father of Stacey's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15164413", "chunk_text": "\"Julia Davis\"\nJulia Davis Julia Charlotte L Davis (born 25 August 1966) is an English comedian, actress, writer, and director. She is known for writing and starring in the BBC Three comedy \"\"Nighty Night\"\" (2004–2005) and the comedies \"\"Hunderby\"\" (2012–15) and \"\"Camping\"\" (2016), which she also directed. A seven-time BAFTA TV Award nominee, she won Best Comedy Writing for \"\"Hunderby\"\" in 2013. She is also known for playing Dawn Sutcliffe in \"\"Gavin & Stacey\"\" (2007–2009). Her film roles include \"\"Love Actually\"\" (2003), \"\"Cemetery Junction\"\" (2010) and \"\"Four Lions\"\" (2010). Davis was born in Lambeth, to a secretary mother and a civil servant", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16693262", "chunk_text": "\"Lacey Turner\"\nLacey Turner Lacey Amelia Turner (born 28 March 1988) is a British actress, best known for her portrayal of Stacey Slater in the BBC soap opera \"\"EastEnders\"\" (2004–2010, 2014–present), for which she received over thirty awards, including four National Television Awards and ten British Soap Awards. She is also known for her work on \"\"Bedlam\"\" and \"\"Switch\"\" (both 2012), as well as \"\"Our Girl\"\" (2013–2014). Turner was born in Edgware, Barnet, Greater London to parents Bev and Les. She was raised as a Catholic with her two younger sisters, Daisy Turner (born 1990) and Lily Harvey (born 2001, known for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8124198", "chunk_text": "\"Judith Barker\"\nfilm Miss Potter. Barker reappeared in Waterloo Road, in series 10, playing a different character called Grace. In 2012 she appeared in the second series of \"\"Scott & Bailey\"\" as Dorothy Parsons, the mother of Lesley Sharp's character DC Janet Scott. Barker also runs her own drama classes at Springhead Congregational Church, along with choreographer Adele Parry and musical director Dave Bintley. Recent achievements have seen her classes performing at the Oldham Coliseum Theatre. Judith Barker Judith Barker (born 22 June 1943, Oldham, Lancashire) is an English actress, best known for her role as the upwardly mobile homewrecker Janet Reid", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10139458", "chunk_text": "\"Charlie Slater\"\nfive episodes from 4 to 7 January. It was confirmed that Charlie would die from a heart attack during this stint, making 7 January 2016 the character's final episode. Charlie, a cab driver who is widowed from Viv Slater (April Martin), arrives in Walford with Viv's mother Mo Harris (Laila Morse) and Charlie's five daughters: Lynne Slater (Elaine Lordan), Kat Slater (Jessie Wallace), Little Mo Morgan (Kacey Ainsworth), and Zoe Slater (Michelle Ryan), plus Lynne's boyfriend Garry Hobbs (Ricky Groves). It soon emerges that Kat is actually Zoe's mother and that it has been kept a family secret until Zoe", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2177325", "chunk_text": "\"Ruth Jones\"\nRuth Jones Ruth Alexandra Elisabeth Jones, (born 22 September 1966) is a Welsh television actress, novelist and screenwriter. She co-starred in and co-wrote the award-winning British comedy \"\"Gavin & Stacey\"\" and has appeared in many television comedies and dramas, such as Jimmy McGovern \"\"The Street\"\" with Timothy Spall (2009), and starring as Hattie Jacques in \"\"Hattie\"\" for BBC Four. She takes the lead role in the comedy drama series \"\"Stella\"\" for Sky 1 produced by Tidy Productions, the company she co-founded in 2008 with her husband David Peet, who is managing director. Ruth Jones was born on 22 September 1966", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20626263", "chunk_text": "\"Lacey Turner\"\nprivate ceremony in Ibiza in September 2017. Despite her Catholic upbringing, Turner is currently irreligious. Lacey Turner Lacey Amelia Turner (born 28 March 1988) is a British actress, best known for her portrayal of Stacey Slater in the BBC soap opera \"\"EastEnders\"\" (2004–2010, 2014–present), for which she received over thirty awards, including four National Television Awards and ten British Soap Awards. She is also known for her work on \"\"Bedlam\"\" and \"\"Switch\"\" (both 2012), as well as \"\"Our Girl\"\" (2013–2014). Turner was born in Edgware, Barnet, Greater London to parents Bev and Les. She was raised as a Catholic with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "991320", "chunk_text": "Brookside\ncaught them in bed together. Channel 4 was forced to broadcast an apology to viewers who complained to the ITC about the highly contentious plot and Phil Redmond was finally forced to admit \"\"We got it wrong\"\". After the shocking revelation, Nat and Georgia departed to start a new life in London and their father Ollie (Michael J. Jackson, who had been introduced ahead of the rest of the family as a friend of Mick Johnson's during 1995) threw their mother Bel (Lesley Nightingale) out after she had an extramarital fling with Mike Dixon (resulting in her catching a sexually-transmitted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3894239", "chunk_text": "\"Kika Mirylees\"\nKika Mirylees Kika Mirylees (born Christina Kika Le Fleming Mirylees) is an English actress. She is best known for her roles as Julie Johnston in Bad Girls, Doc Newton in Red Drawf and Hazel hobbs in Eastenders the Mother of Gary Hobbs and Fliss in Not Going Out. Mirylees played Angela Snow in \"\"The Darling Buds of May\"\", and Doc Newton in \"\"Red Dwarf\"\". Her guest roles include Zola Zbzewski in \"\"Jonathan Creek\"\", Sylvana Watson in \"\"Taggart\"\", Maria Huntly in \"\"The Bill\"\", and Barbara Wells in \"\"Casualty\"\". In the 1980s she played Carinna in \"\"Lovejoy\"\". Mirylees is probably best known", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10443756", "chunk_text": "\"Kerry Godliman\"\nking prawns. Godliman plays Hannah in Ricky Gervais' Channel 4 sitcom \"\"Derek\"\". She played the mother in \"\"Our Girl\"\". She appeared in the Sky 1 sitcom \"\"Carters Get Rich\"\" as Liz Carter, the mother of Harry, who invents an app and becomes a millionaire. She guest-starred in an episode of \"\"Damned\"\", with Jo Brand and Alan Davies. Since 2017, Kerry has portrayed the role of Nicky in the ITV sitcom \"\"Bad Move\"\", and in 2018 she played Peggy Aytean in the Channel 4 computer game series \"\"Rob Beckett's Playing for Time\"\". In 2018, Kerry won the seventh series of Dave's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6686777", "chunk_text": "\"Scott & Bailey\"\nwere undecided on what age DCI Murray would be, but had originally pictured an actress older than Bullmore. After auditioning, Bullmore returned a month later, intent on playing Murray \"\"tough\"\", however, when meeting casting director Beverley Keogh in the toilets beforehand, Bullmore recounted that Keogh said to her: \"\"That's not what we've got you back for. We were interested in seeing a warmer side\"\". Danny Miller joined the cast as series regular Rob Waddington in series 3 and Tracie Bennett also appeared in the third series as DC Bailey's estranged mother, Sharon. In a continuing story arc for the third", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6365921", "chunk_text": "\"Adjoa Andoh\"\npreacher) in the Church of England. Adjoa Andoh Adjoa Andoh (born 14 January 1963) is a British film, television, stage and radio actress. She is known on the UK stage for lead roles at the RSC, the National Theatre, the Royal Court Theatre and the Almeida Theatre, and is a familiar face on British television, notably in two series of \"\"Doctor Who\"\" as companion Martha's mother Francine Jones, 90 episodes of the BBC's long-running medical drama \"\"Casualty\"\" as Staff Nurse (later Sister) Colette Griffiths (née Kierney) and a year in the BBC's \"\"EastEnders\"\". Andoh is the voice of Alexander McCall", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15711870", "chunk_text": "\"Stacey Slater\"\nfurther home visits. Lily then tells Stacey and Martin that she caused Arthur's bruises. After speaking with Lily, social worker Fiona Payne (Sandra James-Young) tells Stacey and Martin that Lily feels pushed out with Arthur and is anxious about the new baby. Carmel admits that she called social services, enraging Stacey, who bans her and Kush from seeing Arthur. Stacey then suffers an eclamptic seizure and is taken to hospital, where she and Martin are told her baby will have to be delivered prematurely due to a lack of oxygen. The baby is delivered, though Martin is told that there", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8540068", "chunk_text": "\"Stacey Slater\"\nand Kyle think Stacey is putting too much pressure on herself when she invites Jean, Ollie and her cousin Belinda Peacock (Carli Norris) for a family dinner. During the dinner, Jean does not accept that Kyle is transgender and instead calls him a liar. Stacey later argues with Jean to accept and believe Kyle but instead Jean leaves. Belinda then reveals that Stacey and Martin may have to move out because Kat is due to stop paying their rent. Martin's attempts to make money fail, and he takes work away from home. While he is gone, Andy Flynn (Jack Derges)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8112866", "chunk_text": "\"Lisa Hammond (actress)\"\nLisa Hammond (actress) Lisa Hammond (born 2 June 1983) is a British actor, best known for her roles as Donna Yates in \"\"EastEnders\"\" and as Tina in \"\"Max and Paddy's Road to Nowhere\"\". In 2005 she had a minor role in the BBC TV adaptation of Charles Dickens' \"\"Bleak House\"\". In 2011 she appeared in the first series of \"\"Psychoville\"\", alongside Reece Shearsmith and Steve Pemberton. She played the character Denny in \"\"Grange Hill\"\" between 1994–1996. Hammond did not star in any major roles again until 2004 when she played Tina in \"\"Max and Paddy's Road to Nowhere\"\". However, she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5302136", "chunk_text": "\"Sally Phillips\"\nSally Phillips Sally Elizabeth Phillips (born 10 May 1969) is an English actress, television presenter and comedian. She co-created and was one of the writers of sketch comedy show \"\"Smack the Pony\"\". She is also known for her main role in \"\"Miranda\"\" as Tilly, \"\"I'm Alan Partridge\"\" as Sophie, \"\"Parents\"\" as Jenny Pope and \"\"Set the Thames on Fire\"\" as Colette in 2015. Phillips also co-starred in \"\"Pride and Prejudice and Zombies\"\", as Mrs Bennet, and the role of Sharon in all three films of the \"\"Bridget Jones\"\" franchise. Since 2004, Phillips has played the title role in the BBC", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6803384", "chunk_text": "\"Lin Blakley\"\nLin Blakley Linda E. \"\"Lin\"\" Blakley (née Stevens) is a British actress, best known for her role as Pam Coker in the BBC soap opera, \"\"EastEnders\"\". In 2004, Blakley appeared in the film \"\"The Football Factory\"\" as the mother to Tamara (Sophie Linfield) and the stage productions of \"\"Effi's Burning\"\" and \"\"All My Sons\"\" as Effi and Kate respectively. The following year, she played Pam in \"\"Shaking Dreamland\"\" and Maureen Groves in \"\"Derailed\"\". In 2006, Blakley made guest appearances in ITV1 drama \"\"Vital Signs\"\" and BBC medical drama \"\"Doctors\"\" as Irene and Susan Staplehurst respectively. She also appeared in stage", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8749666", "chunk_text": "\"Kathy Beale\"\nis found out by Ian and Jane following a burglary at Ian's restaurant, however, although she denies her lover is Grant or Buster, she tells Jane she will end the affair. After Buster's son Mick Carter (Danny Dyer) discovers the affair without knowing Kathy's identity, he urges Buster to tell Shirley or leave Walford for good. Buster asks Kathy to leave Walford with him, but she ultimately decides to remain in Walford with her family, leaving him heartbroken again and he leaves alone. Kathy accompanies Pam Coker (Lin Blakley) when she visits Diane Atmore (Hazel Ellerby) who is the mother", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19425497", "chunk_text": "\"Deborah Grant\"\nDeborah Grant Deborah Grant (born 22 February 1947) is an English actress. Born as Deborah Jane Snelling, she trained at the Central School of Speech and Drama and appeared on stage at the Bristol Old Vic and in the West End of London. She has had a successful television acting career. Since 2007, she has appeared on and off in the sitcom \"\"Not Going Out\"\", as the mother of Tim (Tim Vine) and Lucy (Sally Bretton). She has been married twice, including to the actor Jeremy Child by whom she has a daughter. Public Eye (TV series) 1969 episode, 'A", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "534954", "chunk_text": "\"Georgia Moffett\"\nGeorgia Moffett Georgia Elizabeth Tennant (\"\"née\"\" Moffett; born 25 December 1984) is an English actress. She played Detective Inspector Samantha Nixon's daughter Abigail in \"\"The Bill\"\". She played The Doctor's clone daughter Jenny in the \"\"Doctor Who\"\" episode \"\"The Doctor's Daughter\"\" and Lady Vivian in the show \"\"Merlin\"\". Moffett was born in London, the daughter of actors Peter Moffett (known by his stage name, Peter Davison) and Sandra Dickinson. She attended St Edward's School in Oxford. Her maternal grandfather, Harold Searles, was one of the pioneers of psychiatric medicine specialising in psychoanalytic treatments of schizophrenia. Moffett made her television debut", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6005666", "chunk_text": "\"Matilda Ziegler\"\nMatilda Ziegler Matilda Ziegler (born 23 July 1964) is an English television, stage and film actress best known for her roles as Pearl Pratt in \"\"Lark Rise to Candleford\"\", Irma Gobb in \"\"Mr. Bean\"\" (Mr. Bean's girlfriend), and as Donna Ludlow in the long-running BBC1 serial \"\"EastEnders\"\", and Ruth in the BBC Three sitcom \"\"Swiss Toni\"\". Ziegler's first screen role remains her best known. In her early twenties, during 1987–89, she appeared on \"\"EastEnders\"\", playing the scheming Donna Ludlow, the illegitimate daughter of series regular Kathy Beale (Gillian Taylforth). After trying to reunite with her mother and being immediately rejected", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6005659", "chunk_text": "\"Matilda Ziegler\"\nMatilda Ziegler Matilda Ziegler (born 23 July 1964) is an English television, stage and film actress best known for her roles as Pearl Pratt in \"\"Lark Rise to Candleford\"\", Irma Gobb in \"\"Mr. Bean\"\" (Mr. Bean's girlfriend), and as Donna Ludlow in the long-running BBC1 serial \"\"EastEnders\"\", and Ruth in the BBC Three sitcom \"\"Swiss Toni\"\". Ziegler's first screen role remains her best known. In her early twenties, during 1987–89, she appeared on \"\"EastEnders\"\", playing the scheming Donna Ludlow, the illegitimate daughter of series regular Kathy Beale (Gillian Taylforth). After trying to reunite with her mother and being immediately rejected", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15711866", "chunk_text": "\"Stacey Slater\"\nbeing wrongly imprisoned for murdering Lucy Beale (Hetti Bywater), and Stacey is happy that he is back. Stacey is upset when Martin is involved in a bus crash but he recovers and agrees to having a baby with Stacey. Stacey and Martin decide to keep their distance from the Kazemis following Bex's bullying ordeal, caused by an explicit photo of Shakil being distributed from Bex's phone. Arthur's grandmother, Carmel Kazemi (Bonnie Langford), is hurt with being excluded from Arthur's life and Stacey and Carmel fight when Carmel makes remarks about Stacey's mental health, so Stacey bans her from seeing Arthur.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11111059", "chunk_text": "\"Stacey Slater\"\n(a review of the year 2016 in British soap) named Stacey's postpartum psychosis storyline as one of the \"\"best bits of January\"\". Stacey Slater Stacey Fowler (also Slater and Branning) is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"\"EastEnders\"\", played by Lacey Turner. She made her first appearance on 1 November 2004. The character was introduced as a feisty and troublesome teenager, an extension of the already established Slater family. She has featured in numerous high-profile storylines, including abortion, drug abuse, a troubled relationship with her mother Jean (Gillian Wright), discovering she has bipolar disorder, an affair with her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3486005", "chunk_text": "\"Danny Moon\"\nafter things for Johnny, who is now living in Essex. Danny reveals his working relationship with Johnny. After hearing that his grandmother Nana Moon (Hilda Braid) has died, he leaves again. Phil Mitchell (Steve McFadden) and Grant Mitchell (Ross Kemp) go to Essex to confront Johnny about Dennis' murder. It emerges that Danny has been staying with Johnny in Essex. Danny is asked by Johnny to look after his daughter Ruby Allen (Louisa Lytton) while he tries to evade the Mitchells. Danny's behaviour then shows signs of mental illness when he refers to Johnny as \"\"dad\"\" when asks Ruby if", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10036066", "chunk_text": "\"Mum (TV series)\"\nMum (TV series) Mum is a 2016 British sitcom written by Stefan Golaszewski centred around recently widowed, suburban 59 year old Cathy (played by Lesley Manville) and her family, during the year following her husband's death. Each episode is named after a calendar month in this year. Each episode is set in Cathy's house and features her supportive lifelong friend Michael (played by Peter Mullan), and her family: son Jason and his girlfriend Kelly, Cathy's brother Derek and his new partner Pauline, and Cathy's in-laws. In October 2017, it was recommissioned for a second and third series. The second series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17067292", "chunk_text": "\"Joanna Page\"\nappearances in film productions, including \"\"From Hell\"\", \"\"Mine All Mine\"\", \"\"Love Actually\"\" and \"\"Miss Julie\"\". Page came to wider public attention after taking a leading role in the BBC comedy \"\"Gavin & Stacey\"\", playing the main part of Stacey Shipman. On 23 November 2007, she turned on the Christmas lights in Barry Island, the town where \"\"Gavin & Stacey\"\" is partly set and filmed. Page had a leading role in the 2001 BBC drama production, \"\"The Cazalets\"\", about a disparate well to do English family during the Second World War. In 2009, Page provided the voice-overs for a series of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10576761", "chunk_text": "\"Celia Stewart\"\nhim. A bemused Barnett tells her that he has only ever seen her that way. Celia's niece, Roo (Justine Clarke), falls pregnant and, believing Frank Morgan (Alex Papps) is the father, Celia tries to arrange for the pair to get married. Morag, Celia's sister, persuades Roo to admit Frank is not the father and Celia gives Roo a place to stay. Celia purchases the local store from Ailsa when she sells it. Her first act is to try to evict Frank and his friend, Narelle Smart (Amanda Newman-Phillips), from the flat above the store. Local doctor Philip Matheson (John Morris),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12121483", "chunk_text": "\"Linda Henry\"\nLinda Henry Linda Valiris, known professionally by her maiden name, Linda Henry (born 1 January 1963) is an English actress, known for her roles as Yvonne Atkins in the ITV television drama \"\"Bad Girls\"\" (1999–2003) and Shirley Carter in the BBC soap opera \"\"EastEnders\"\", a role she has played since 2006. She had previously appeared in \"\"EastEnders\"\" as the original Lorraine Salter, the mother of Mandy Salter (Nicola Stapleton) from 1991 to 1992. Her other TV credits include \"\"Cracker\"\" (1995), \"\"Prime Suspect\"\" (1997) and \"\"Trial & Retribution\"\" (1998). She has also appeared in the films \"\"Beautiful Thing\"\" (1996) and \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13150520", "chunk_text": "\"Kika Mirylees\"\ndebut, \"\"Not Alone\"\". Kika Mirylees Kika Mirylees (born Christina Kika Le Fleming Mirylees) is an English actress. She is best known for her roles as Julie Johnston in Bad Girls, Doc Newton in Red Drawf and Hazel hobbs in Eastenders the Mother of Gary Hobbs and Fliss in Not Going Out. Mirylees played Angela Snow in \"\"The Darling Buds of May\"\", and Doc Newton in \"\"Red Dwarf\"\". Her guest roles include Zola Zbzewski in \"\"Jonathan Creek\"\", Sylvana Watson in \"\"Taggart\"\", Maria Huntly in \"\"The Bill\"\", and Barbara Wells in \"\"Casualty\"\". In the 1980s she played Carinna in \"\"Lovejoy\"\". Mirylees is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15711878", "chunk_text": "\"Stacey Slater\"\nvisits with the raised money. Annie Pritchard (Martha Howe-Douglas), the daughter of Terry, who is the man that Mo conned money out of, arrives to get the money back, but the family fool her into believing Mo has died. Kat, Stacey and Mo arrive at The Queen Vic when Mick is giving a speech about Kat and attempt to maintain that Mo made a mistake and a bar fight soon starts. When Annie returns, Jean pays Annie the money back, and Annie leaves. Jean decides to stay until she is paid back. Kat starts a cleaning business with Jean and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_319	when did amnesia the dark descent come out?	n/a	[ "8 September 2010" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "106620", "chunk_text": "\"Amnesia: The Dark Descent\"\nAmnesia: The Dark Descent Amnesia: The Dark Descent is a survival horror video game by Frictional Games, released in 2010 for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X and Linux operating systems, in 2016 for the PlayStation 4 platform and in 2018 for the Xbox One. The game features a protagonist named Daniel exploring a dark and foreboding castle, while trying to maintain his sanity by avoiding monsters and other terrifying obstructions. The game was critically well received, earning two awards from the Independent Games Festival and numerous positive reviews. Originally released independently via online distribution, the game has since been published", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "106622", "chunk_text": "\"Amnesia: The Dark Descent\"\n22 November 2016, and for Xbox One on 28 September 2018. In a similar vein to the developer Frictional Games' previous games, \"\"Amnesia\"\" is an adventure game played from a first-person perspective. The game retains the physical object interaction used in the \"\"Penumbra\"\" series, allowing for physics-based puzzles and interactions such as opening doors and fixing machinery. Few in-game objects are operated by toggle; to open a door, for instance, the player must hold down a mouse button and then push (or pull) the mouse. This gives the player stealth, allowing them to peek out a barely-opened door or open", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "106649", "chunk_text": "\"Amnesia: The Dark Descent\"\nthe story of \"\"Amnesia\"\". It doesn't involve the same characters. The game will be set in an alternate history in the same universe.\"\" Amnesia: The Dark Descent Amnesia: The Dark Descent is a survival horror video game by Frictional Games, released in 2010 for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X and Linux operating systems, in 2016 for the PlayStation 4 platform and in 2018 for the Xbox One. The game features a protagonist named Daniel exploring a dark and foreboding castle, while trying to maintain his sanity by avoiding monsters and other terrifying obstructions. The game was critically well received, earning", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15517228", "chunk_text": "\"Amnesia: The Dark Descent\"\nits current title, \"\"Amnesia\"\", with the release of the game's website and a game trailer. Initial designs of the game varied considerably from the final game, with the developers interested in reintroducing more combat elements similar to those utilized in their first commercial title \"\"\"\". The developers soon discovered that they encountered many of the same problems and difficulties that plagued the combat in that game however, and the design was further changed to be more similar to the style set out by \"\"Overture\"\"s sequel \"\"\"\". On 5 February 2010 it was announced that the game had reached the alpha", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "106636", "chunk_text": "\"Amnesia: The Dark Descent\"\nher memory is restored) and, if none were saved, the Suitors, trapped, shout threats upon her; it is also possible to change Justine's final lines if a hidden document is found in the Library. Then she goes upstairs back to her house to prepare herself to attend her guests for an imminent party. Work began on the game while \"\"\"\" was still being developed, with the company working on both projects at the same time. The game was first known under two working titles: \"\"Unknown\"\" and \"\"Lux Tenebras\"\". It was not until 13 November 2009 that it was announced as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "106639", "chunk_text": "\"Amnesia: The Dark Descent\"\nGold and would soon be ready to sold. On 3 September, the games demo was released containing selected parts of the gameplay and story. It was then successfully released on 8 September 2010. If the game reached 2000 pre-orders by 31 May 2010, Frictional promised it would release extra content for the game. The goal was finally met in early May, after the pre-orders were offered at a discount made available until 31 May. This was done due to the success of \"\"Penumbra: Overture\"\" as a part of the first Humble Indie Bundle. The extra content was revealed to be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "106641", "chunk_text": "\"Amnesia: The Dark Descent\"\n\"\"The Escapist\"\", where he outlined in detail the process of the game's development, mostly focusing on its ever-changing design and the financial problems that plagued the developers for most of the game's development. A PlayStation 4 version – \"\"Amnesia Collection\"\" – was released on 22 November 2016 via PlayStation Network; this title includes \"\"The Dark Descent\"\", its expansion \"\"Amnesia: Justine,\"\" and the sequel \"\"\"\". Just two days after its release on PS4 Frictional Games posted a tweet stating that the port managed to recoup all costs and \"\"more\"\". The game's music was composed by Mikko Tarmia and released for download", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "106638", "chunk_text": "\"Amnesia: The Dark Descent\"\nstage of development on all platforms. Two weeks later the developers released a new teaser trailer that showed actual game-play footage, and the developers began accepting pre-orders for the game through their website. Also revealed was that the game was at that point being tested on all three intended platforms. It was also announced that the game would be released simultaneously for all of them in August 2010. This was later rescheduled, and the game was then expected to have an 8 September 2010 release. It was then later announced on 27 August 2010 that the game had officially gone", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "106645", "chunk_text": "\"Amnesia: The Dark Descent\"\nthe game's release, with Frictional recouping all the expenses from creating \"\"Amnesia\"\" by early October 2010. By the beginning of January 2011 the developer reported that nearly 200,000 units had been sold, declaring in response that \"\"With these figures at hand, we must confess that it gives us new confidence for the PC.\"\" The game kept gaining sales and in July 2011 it had sold almost 350,000 units. At the 2011 Independent Games Festival \"\"Amnesia\"\" won awards for both \"\"Excellence in Audio\"\" and \"\"Technical Excellence\"\" along with the \"\"Direct2Drive Vision Award\"\" which included a $10,000 prize. A year after the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "106648", "chunk_text": "\"Amnesia: The Dark Descent\"\nranks \"\"Amnesia: The Dark Descent\"\" as the 13th best horror game of all time out of 20. In 2011, Adventure Gamers named \"\"Amnesia\"\" the 34th-best adventure game ever released. An indirect sequel called \"\"\"\" was released on 10 September 2013, developed by The Chinese Room and published by Frictional Games. The Chinese Room is known for its Source mod \"\"Dear Esther\"\", which was later released as a standalone game to mostly positive reviews. Dan Pinchbeck, writer for The Chinese Room, has stated of the new \"\"Amnesia\"\" game: \"\"It's not a direct sequel, in terms of it doesn't follow on from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "106642", "chunk_text": "\"Amnesia: The Dark Descent\"\non 17 May 2011. Some unused music can be heard in the soundtrack, but not in-game. On 12 April 2011 Frictional Games released an extra free level for owners of the Steam version of \"\"Amnesia\"\". This additional campaign is set apart from Brennenburg Castle. \"\"Justine\"\" was released on Steam as a way to promote the upcoming release of \"\"Portal 2\"\", as getting 100% on the campaign (all of the collectables, all of the analysis and making correct choices) unlocks a message from fictional company Aperture Science. The content was made available for all of the games supported platforms and versions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "106621", "chunk_text": "\"Amnesia: The Dark Descent\"\nin retail by 1C Company in Russia and Eastern Europe, as well as THQ in North America. A collection of five short stories set in the world of \"\"Amnesia\"\", written by Mikael Hedberg and illustrated by the game's concept artists, was also made available. In addition, the game's soundtrack is available for purchase and a free content expansion \"\"Justine\"\" has been released, as well as many fan-made expansions and stories for its unique \"\"Custom Story\"\" gamemode. The \"\"Amnesia Collection\"\" – which contains \"\"The Dark Descent\"\", its \"\"Amnesia: Justine\"\" expansion and the sequel, \"\" –\"\" was released for PlayStation 4 on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "106647", "chunk_text": "\"Amnesia: The Dark Descent\"\npurchased from other sources, meaning that the total percentage of Linux sales is actually considerably smaller compared to other platforms taken collectively. Observing that their own Mac OS X sales did not go down from their own store even as services like Steam picked up the game for that platform, meaning that it did not steal customers from their store but instead opened up a new market, they decided this makes a good incentive for other stores to support Linux as well. As of September 2012, the game sits at an estimated 1.4 million sales. As of October 2018, GamesRadar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4810400", "chunk_text": "\"Amnesia: A Machine for Pigs\"\nconfirmed on their Twitter feed that the final release date for the game was 10 September 2013. The game was available to pre-order since 16 August. A PlayStation 4 version was included in the \"\"Amnesia Collection\"\", released on 22 November 2016 via PlayStation Network, containing \"\"Amnesia: The Dark Descent\"\" and its expansion \"\"Amnesia: Justine\"\". Just two days after its release on PS4 Frictional Games posted a tweet stating that the port managed to recoup all costs and \"\"more\"\". Initially code-named \"\"gameB\"\" by The Chinese Room, the announcement of \"\"Amnesia: A Machine for Pigs\"\" was preceded by a viral marketing and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18347569", "chunk_text": "\"Frictional Games\"\noneself. This turned out to be false, as the game sold 36,000 copies within the first month, and a total of 1,360,000 copies within the first two years, earning the company a total revenue of about in contrast to their development budget. \"\"Amnesia: The Dark Descent\"\" was followed by \"\"\"\" in 2013, which was developed by \"\"Dear Esther\"\" developer The Chinese Room. Nilsson stated that they chose The Chinese Room because the team at Frictional Games felt that they did not know how they should continue the \"\"Amnesia\"\" series and that a misattempted \"\"Amensia\"\" game would \"\"fail miserably\"\", wherefore they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "106640", "chunk_text": "\"Amnesia: The Dark Descent\"\ncommentary, and they explained in the comments section of the same page that its intended function was similar to that of Valve Corporation's commentary system that began in the \"\"Half-Life 2\"\" series. The authors cite \"\"Soul Made Flesh\"\" by Carl Zimmer and older horror movies such as \"\"The Haunting\"\" as being inspirations for the mood and style of the game. Other critics have drawn parallels between the game's story and the writings of H. P. Lovecraft. Thomas Grip, one of the games main developers, would later write up a post-mortem of the game titled \"\"The Terrifying Tale of Amnesia\"\" for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "106643", "chunk_text": "\"Amnesia: The Dark Descent\"\nas part of the \"\"Amnesia\"\" v1.2 update on 17 May 2011. It is possible to create custom stories for \"\"Amnesia\"\" that can then be loaded in the game. Various tools for the HPL Engine 2 have been released that allow the creation of own levels, models, particle effects and materials, using an interface similar to Valve's Hammer Editing Software. Game logic can be implemented using the AngelScript scripting language. A prominent example of a custom story is \"\"\"\", a fan-made sequel to Frictional's earlier \"\"Penumbra\"\" series. \"\"Amnesia: The Dark Descent\"\" has received critical acclaim with consistent praise given for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15517216", "chunk_text": "\"Amnesia: The Dark Descent\"\nof Daniel will search for him for a time, but will eventually leave and vanish. Players can also choose, preferably while being chased, to pick up an object and throw it to the monster, temporarily stunning the monster for about two seconds and giving Daniel some extra distance. In late August 1839, Daniel, a young man from London, awakens in the dark and empty halls of the Prussian Brennenburg Castle with little to no memory about himself or his past. All he can remember is his name, that he lives in Mayfair and that something is hunting him. He has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4810389", "chunk_text": "\"Amnesia: A Machine for Pigs\"\nNovember 2016 for the PlayStation 4 as part of the \"\"Amnesia Collection\"\", including \"\"Amnesia: The Dark Descent\"\" and its \"\"Amnesia: Justine\"\" expansion. The game features several interlocking storylines. Some take place in the past, some in the present, and some are overtly real while some may be imagined. Set in London on New Year's Eve, 1899, the game's protagonist is Oswald Mandus, a wealthy industrialist and butcher who is implied to be the great grand-nephew of Daniel, the protagonist of . At the beginning of the game, he awakens from a fever that has lasted for several months, after returning", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15517213", "chunk_text": "\"Amnesia: The Dark Descent\"\nit slowly to sneak away, but also adds to the player's sense of helplessness, as it is now entirely possible to attempt to push open a \"\"pull\"\" door while danger approaches from behind. In addition to a health indicator, Daniel's sanity must be managed, centered around an \"\"afraid of darkness\"\" mechanic. According to designer Thomas Grip, \"\"the idea was basically that the darkness itself should be an enemy.\"\" Along with being in darkness too long, witnessing unsettling events, or staring at monsters will reduce Daniel's sanity, causing visual and auditory hallucinations and drawing the attention of monsters. Light sources help", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18347571", "chunk_text": "\"Frictional Games\"\n92,000 units within ten days (in contrast to the 10,000 first-week sales of \"\"Amnesia: The Dark Descent\"\"), and 450,000 units in its first year (in contrast to the 390,000 first-year sales of \"\"Amnesia: The Dark Descent\"\"). In 2016, Frictional Games announced that, due to the high sales of \"\"Soma\"\", they entered the production of two new titles, codenamed \"\"Secret 1\"\" and \"\"Secret 2\"\". The HPL Engine, named after H.P. Lovecraft, was created by Grip as part of the development of GripDesign's \"\"Energetic\"\" from 20 December 2004 to 18 April 2005. Titled HPL Engine 1, the first iteration of the engine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17509183", "chunk_text": "Rememoried\nin three months. In the end he decided for a larger game and the development took two years. The game was greenlighted in July 2015 and released on Steam on 31 August 2015. The game is 3D first-person adventure game. It is set in dream world that player explores. The player has to use the ability to \"\"forget\"\" they want to progress. This ability means that certain objects in the game change when player is looking a to a different direction or if they leave the area. If player fails a level they are relegated to the previous lower level.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5148413", "chunk_text": "\"A Wind Named Amnesia\"\nA Wind Named Amnesia , also known as The Wind of Amnesia in Australia and the United Kingdom, is a Japanese novel authored by Hideyuki Kikuchi, originally published in 1983 by Asahi Sonorama. An anime film adaptation was released theatrically on December 22, 1990, directed by Kazuo Yamazaki. An English adaptation of the film was produced and released by Manga Entertainment on home video in Australia and the UK and by Central Park Media in North America. In the year 1999, the world has been reduced to an apocalyptic wasteland due to an inexplicable gust of wind that wiped even", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15517218", "chunk_text": "\"Amnesia: The Dark Descent\"\ncastle, and encounters terrifying humans-turned-monsters known as \"\"gatherers\"\" from whom he must hide or flee. Throughout the game, Daniel collects his own diaries which reveal that in May, he had gone on an archaeological expedition with a professor Herbert, who sought to excavate the tomb of Tin Hinan, buried in the Algerian desert. Separated from his men in the tomb, Daniel discovered a mystical orb and felt it calling to him, entering into a trance when he held it. Afterwards, Herbert sent him back to London to recover and he brought the orb with him. Engrossed in its other-worldly quality,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18134109", "chunk_text": "\"Silent Hill: Book of Memories\"\nof including multiplayer gameplay had been mulled over for the during its beginning stages of development, but ultimately rejected out of worry that it would feel out of place and added on. \"\"Silent Hill: Book of Memories\"\" was published on October 16, 2012, in North America, on November 2, 2012, in Europe, and on November 8, 2012, in Australia. For July 2013, \"\"Book of Memories\"\" was the fourth best-selling PlayStation Vita game, behind \"\"Mortal Kombat\"\", \"\"\"\", and \"\"Hotline Miami\"\". Review aggregator website Metacritic displays a weighted average score of 58/100 for \"\"Book of Memories\"\", indicating \"\"mixed or average reviews.\"\" \"\"Official", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1555544", "chunk_text": "\"Eternal Darkness\"\n\"\"Eternal Darkness: Sanity's Requiem\"\" was first released and published by Nintendo on June 24, 2002 in North America, October 25, 2002 in Japan and November 1, 2002 in Europe. It was the first video game published directly by Nintendo, rather than a third-party developer, to be rated M (Mature) by the Entertainment Software Rating Board. In 2002, Nintendo and Hypnotic, a film entertainment company, established a filmmaking contest in which contestants submitted ideas that would be later funded into short films if selected. Hypnotic also purchased the rights to produce a film or TV series based on the IP. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15517224", "chunk_text": "\"Amnesia: The Dark Descent\"\nShadow to kill both Alexander and Daniel, though Agrippa promises to save Daniel from descending into darkness, calling upon Weyer to help him. The player takes control of an unnamed female character, who awakens with amnesia in a dungeon cell, accompanied only by a phonograph. This phonograph contains a recording by a woman named Justine, who tells the player character that she is the subject of a psychological test. The player character is then allowed to escape, or die trying. The player character is presented with several puzzles to solve. In each, she has the option of simply abandoning the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6656683", "chunk_text": "\"Troika Games\"\n\"\"\"\" and convinced Sierra Entertainment to publish it. The game was launched on August 21, 2001. While criticized for being unpolished and having a bad combat engine, it received in general favorable reviews with an average of 81% on Metacritic. With 234,000 units sold it is Troika's best selling game. In 2016 it was released on Steam, where as of March 2017 it has over 95,000 owners. After \"\"Arcanum\"\" was released in 2001, two teams started to work on two separate games. One team created \"\"The Temple of Elemental Evil\"\" for publisher Atari which was released on September 26, 2003.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8577143", "chunk_text": "\"The Evil Within\"\nthird best selling game of October 2014. The game set the record for the highest-selling first month of sales for a new survival horror intellectual property (IP), but the record was later broken by \"\"Dying Light\"\", when it released in January 2015. At E3 2017, Bethesda revealed the trailer for a sequel, \"\"The Evil Within 2\"\". The game takes place three years after the events of the original game and will feature Sebastian returning to STEM to look for Lily, his believed-to-be dead daughter. The game was released on October 13, 2017 for PC, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "106646", "chunk_text": "\"Amnesia: The Dark Descent\"\noriginal release of \"\"Amnesia\"\", the developers revealed that they had sold around 391,102 units and were continuing to sell about 6000 units per month. They also released details about how much money each platform generated for them by analyzing the sales from their online store, with 70% of sales coming from Windows users and 15% coming from users of Linux and another 15% coming from users of Mac OS X. Frictional did however note that their store was the only place anyone could purchase the Linux version of the game, whereas the Mac OS X and Windows versions could be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15232259", "chunk_text": "\"Amnesia Fortnight 2012\"\nenemies by setting their health to 0. The project leader was senior programmer Brandon Dillon. A full commercial version of the game was announced on December 10, 2013. It was released in early access for Windows, Mac, and Linux on May 6, 2014, and the full version was released on September 9, 2014, for the same operating systems. \"\"Spacebase DF-9\"\", the prototype receiving the second most votes, is a simulation set in space. The project leader was designer-programmer JP LeBreton. A full version of the game was announced on October 2013 and released on October 27, 2014 with overwhelming negative", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12591203", "chunk_text": "\"Amnesia: A Machine for Pigs\"\n\"\"The Dark Descent\"\", with larger areas and outdoor environments included. AI was also adjusted to ensure players are unable to predict enemy behavior based on their experiences with the original game. However, the core of the game remains the same as in \"\"The Dark Descent\"\", so as not to disappoint fans who want more of what they loved in the original. In 2010, after the release of \"\"The Dark Descent\"\", Frictional Games wanted to further the \"\"Amnesia\"\" franchise, but had no time for it. Later, they met Dan Pinchbeck of The Chinese Room at GDC Europe 2011, where the plan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15517222", "chunk_text": "\"Amnesia: The Dark Descent\"\nthis as soon as possible since he fears that other nobles no longer trust him. As Daniel nears the Inner Sanctum, he encounters Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, a man who had once studied the orbs with his student Johann Weyer and has since been kept alive and imprisoned by Alexander. He tells Daniel that Weyer has been able to harness the power of the orbs to travel between dimensions, which Alexander is preparing to do right now, and instructs him in finding the pieces of what used to be his own orb, which is needed to breach the Inner Sanctum. Agrippa", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4810398", "chunk_text": "\"Amnesia: A Machine for Pigs\"\nfor the game began to form. It was originally intended by The Chinese Room to be a small mod, but it was expanded to a larger scale project when \"\"the two companies realized what could be achieved with a larger game.\"\" Development for the game began in December 2011 at The Chinese Room, while Frictional Games was producing and publishing the title. The game was originally set to release before Halloween 2012, but was later delayed to early 2013 due to overwhelming response and to meet the expectations. In February 2013 Frictional Games announced a status update about the game", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1743862", "chunk_text": "\"The Long Dark\"\n2015. Early reviews of the alpha release were generally positive, and the game went on to sell around 750,000 copies by April 2016. It was officially released on all aforementioned platforms on August 1, 2017, as well as for PlayStation 4. A film adaptation has been confirmed to be in the works. \"\"The Long Dark\"\" is a survival game set in an open world environment and played from a first-person perspective. The game takes place in the frigid Canadian wilderness where the player assumes the role of a crash-landed pilot struggling to survive after a global disaster, (a geomagnetic storm).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15517234", "chunk_text": "\"Amnesia: The Dark Descent\"\nominous atmosphere and horror elements. John Walker of Rock, Paper, Shotgun even went as far as to say that \"\"I think it is safe to say that \"\"Amnesia\"\" is the most successfully frightening game to have been made.\"\" X-Play added \"\"Amnesia\"\" to its top ten PC games saying \"\"There are a lot of so-called \"\"horror\"\" games out there, this one is no joke. You'll be rocking back and forth and crying in no time\"\". Frictional Games did show some trepidation over the game's initial sales after the first week, but were encouraged by continued sales throughout the first month after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16259446", "chunk_text": "\"Descent 3\"\n\"\"Descent 3\"\" was initially released for Microsoft Windows on June 17, 1999. A level editor was released shortly afterwards and allows users to create both single and multiplayer maps for the game. A Mac OS version of the game was released in November 1999. The Mac OS version was ported by programmer Duane Johnson, who previously worked on the 3dfx versions of the original \"\"Descent\"\" and \"\"Descent II\"\". In the United States, the game only sold 52,294 copies by April 2000. \"\"Descent 3\"\" was also ported to Linux platforms by Loki Entertainment Software after an agreement with the game's publisher.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16259447", "chunk_text": "\"Descent 3\"\nThe port, which features a multiplayer mode optimized for 16 players, was released in July 2000. In 2014, the game was made available on the Steam digital distribution service. \"\"Descent 3\"\" received positive reviews from video game critics. Erik Wolpaw, writing for GameSpot, felt that the game \"\"improves in almost every conceivable way on its predecessors and reestablishes the series as the premier example of the play style it single-handedly pioneered\"\". The most praised aspects of the game were its graphics, artificial intelligence of enemies, and outdoor environments. IGN reviewer Jay Boor lauded the game's new engine, noting that the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11772603", "chunk_text": "\"The Inpatient\"\nThe Inpatient The Inpatient is a psychological horror video game developed by Supermassive Games and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment for PlayStation 4 and its virtual reality headset PlayStation VR. The game was released in January 2018. It is a prequel to the 2015 game \"\"Until Dawn\"\", set 60 years before the events of the original game. Unlike \"\"Until Dawn\"\", it uses a first-person perspective. \"\"The Inpatient\"\" is a survival horror game played from a first-person perspective. The player controls a patient—whose gender is subject to choice—suffering from amnesia within the Blackwood Sanatorium, and intent on reclaiming their memories. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12591201", "chunk_text": "\"Amnesia: A Machine for Pigs\"\nEngineer back into his soul. Mandus sacrifices himself to the Machine, putting an end to both it and the Engineer, and ending the horrors above as year 1900 begins. The game is a survival horror game played from a first-person perspective. Players explore the environments using a lantern, with diary entries and notes providing information on the lost memory of the title character. Some elements of \"\"The Dark Descent\"\" have been removed, while new elements have been added. One of the reasons for this is to provide a fresh gameplay experience to veteran players of \"\"The Dark Descent\"\". The inventory", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17004758", "chunk_text": "\"Silent Hill (video game)\"\nmostly negative, the film was a financial success and was praised by fans, especially for its visuals. A \"\"reimagining\"\" of \"\"Silent Hill\"\", titled \"\"\"\", was developed by Climax Studios and published by Konami Digital Entertainment. The game was released on December 8, 2009, for the Wii and on January 19, 2010, for the PlayStation 2 and the PlayStation Portable, to mostly positive reviews.<ref name=\"\"WII/PS2/PSP\"\"></ref> Although it retains the premise of a man's search for his missing daughter, \"\"Shattered Memories\"\" branches off into a different plot with altered characters. It features psychological profiling which alters various in-game elements depending on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7822635", "chunk_text": "\"Dark Souls (film)\"\nDark Souls (film) Dark Souls (Norwegian: \"\"Mørke Sjeler\"\") is a Norwegian horror film, written, directed, and co-edited by César Ducasse and Mathieu Péteul. It premiered in Norway on 14 January 2011. A young girl, Johanna (Johanna Gustavsson), is jogging alone in the woods when she is suddenly attacked and seemingly murdered by a mask-wearing maniac with a power drill. Later that same day, her father Morten (Morten Rudå) receives a phone call from the police pronouncing her dead just as he sees her walk in the front door of their house. Morten tells the police that his daughter is completely", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15216516", "chunk_text": "\"Castlevania: Lament of Innocence\"\nunder the Konami Dendou Collection label on March 2, 2006. The game was released for the PlayStation Network on June 18, 2013. Review aggregator Metacritic shows an averaged score of 79 out of 100, indicating \"\"generally favorable reviews.\"\" \"\"Edge\"\" stated: \"\"While it's not as cleverly structured as the pinnacle of the series, 'Symphony of the Night,' it resurrects that game's hallmarks of seductive exploration and satisfying topographical progress. It breathes new life back into one of videogaming's oldest franchises.\"\" \"\"Play\"\" wrote: \"\"A bold success as an incendiary action game, brilliantly nuanced in its mechanics and full of atmospheric appeal. And", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11649134", "chunk_text": "\"The Descent Part 2\"\nand blue screen digital images. This was revealed on BBC London's behind the scenes look. The VFX and digital set extensions were created by Swedish VFX company Filmgate. The film was originally set to be released by Pathé alongside their UK distributor Warner Bros. in May 2009, but was delayed. It was released in France on 14 October, Japan on 7 November and Argentina on 19 November. It was released in UK cinemas on 4 December 2009. The film did not reach its expectation in the UK debuting at No. 9 making the first week domestic gross £313,739. Total gross", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15530441", "chunk_text": "\"Psychonauts in the Rhombus of Ruin\"\ncould develop with a virtual reality (VR) system, comparing it to the games they had made for the Kinect system earlier. Due to their recent focus on \"\"Psychonauts\"\", the team agreed that a VR-based \"\"Psychonauts\"\" game would be a good fit, allowing the player to become immersed in the odd environments within the \"\"Psychonauts\"\" universe. The game was released on February 21, 2017 for PlayStation VR, after approximately a year and a half of development. A year later, the game was released on PC on April 19, 2018 for the HTC Vive and Oculus Rift. \"\"Psychonauts in the Rhombus of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4810403", "chunk_text": "\"Amnesia: A Machine for Pigs\"\nThe game was formally announced via video game blog Joystiq. On 14 June 2012, the first teaser trailer was released on Frictional Games' YouTube channel. It showed various scenes from the game, from industrial settings to more studious rooms. In the final shot, the character wakes up to the sound of an enemy breaking down a door making pig-like grunts and squeals. An unseen creature enters the room, its shadow is cast against the back wall as the player hides under a set of stairs. On 31 October 2012, to coincide with Halloween, a second trailer was posted on Frictional", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "732919", "chunk_text": "\"Amnesiac (film)\"\nAmnesiac (film) Amnesiac (aka \"\"Unconscious\"\") is a 2015 American mystery film directed by Michael Polish and written by Mike Le and Amy Kolquist. The film begins with a family of three travelling along a highway. The scene ends with a child screaming, and the male protagonist (Wes Bentley) is seen resting in a bed, in a large room, attached to hospital equipment. The female protagonist (Kate Bosworth) visits him dressed in formal business attire, which is a frequently re-occurring theme in the film. The male protagonist is shown to become suspicious of the female protagonist, who claims to be his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17820966", "chunk_text": "\"The Descent\"\nby Lionsgate Films was significantly different from the original European version. \"\"The Descent\"\" premiered at the Edinburgh horror film festival Dead by Dawn on 6 July 2005. The film opened commercially to the public in the UK on 10 July 2005, showing on 329 screens and earned £2.6 million. The film received limited releases in other European countries. The London bombings in the same month was reported to have affected the box office performance of \"\"The Descent\"\". The film has received critical acclaim. Based on 174 reviews collected by \"\"Rotten Tomatoes\"\", \"\"The Descent\"\" received an 85% \"\"Certified Fresh\"\" overall approval", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11399962", "chunk_text": "\"Amnesia Fortnight 2012\"\nreviews from press and consumers. \"\"The White Birch\"\" received the third most votes. It is an ambient platformer inspired by \"\"Ico\"\" and \"\"Journey\"\". The project leader was art director Andy Wood. \"\"Autonomous\"\" was the prototype that received the fourth most votes. It is a retro-futuristic sandbox robot game. The project lead was art director Lee Petty. It was released as an expanded full free release for the Leap Motion controller on November 18, 2013. \"\"Black Lake\"\" received the fifth most votes. Originally only four prototypes were going to be chosen to be made, but Double Fine decided to greenlight one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15656357", "chunk_text": "\"Amnesia (novel)\"\nAmnesia (novel) Amnesia is a 1994 novel by Douglas Anthony Cooper and is his debut novel. The book was published in March 1994 by Hyperion Books and is the first entry in the Izzy Darlow series. The book is dictated by an unknown narrator and follows Izzy Darlow, a mental hospital employee that volunteers his time in order to make amends for a robbery committed during his youth. It is there that he falls for the mute Katie, a patient at the hospital that had been subjected to extreme sexual abuse. \"\"Publishers Weekly\"\" noted that it was \"\"Published to extravagant", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_320	what nfl player has the most nfl rings?	n/a	[ "Charles Haley", "Neal Dahlen", "Bill Belichick", "Tom Brady", "\"Mean Joe\" Greene" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "204093", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl\"\nconference champions to determine the NFL's league champion. Currently, the National Football Conference leads the league with 27 wins to 25 wins for the American Football Conference. The Pittsburgh Steelers have the most Super Bowl championship titles, with six. The New England Patriots have the most Super Bowl appearances, with ten. Charles Haley and Tom Brady both have five Super Bowl rings, which is the record for the most rings won by a single player. The day on which the Super Bowl is played, now considered by some as an unofficial American national holiday, is called \"\"Super Bowl Sunday\"\". It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9528730", "chunk_text": "\"Mike Woicik\"\nMike Woicik Mike Woicik (born September 26, 1956) is an American football strength and conditioning coach for the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League (NFL). He holds the record for second-most Super Bowl rings won by a coach (behind Bill Belichick) with six, winning three with the Cowboys and three with the New England Patriots. Woicik has also authored a book \"\"Total Conditioning for Football: The Syracuse Way\"\" (1985). Woicik graduated from Westwood High School in Westwood, Massachusetts before attending Boston College where he earned a bachelor's degree in history. He then went to Springfield College to receive his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19737133", "chunk_text": "\"Neal Dahlen\"\nNeal Dahlen Neal Dahlen is a retired American football administrator, who worked for San Francisco 49ers (1979–1996), and the Denver Broncos (1996–2003), and was General Manager of the Broncos from 1999 to January 2002. Dahlen has the distinction of being tied (with Bill Belichick) for the most Super Bowl rings in history, at seven. He earned five with the 49ers, and two during his time at the Broncos. Dahlen attended Capuchino High School in San Bruno, California. He then played quarterback at San Jose State University, where he graduated from in 1963 (and earned a master's in 1964). He then", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18275604", "chunk_text": "\"Mike Woicik\"\n2000, he was hired by the Patriots, where he won another three Super Bowls with the team (Super Bowl XXXVI, Super Bowl XXXVIII, and Super Bowl XXXIX). On February 11, 2011, Woicik finalized a deal to rejoin the Cowboys in the same position he had in New England. Mike Woicik Mike Woicik (born September 26, 1956) is an American football strength and conditioning coach for the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League (NFL). He holds the record for second-most Super Bowl rings won by a coach (behind Bill Belichick) with six, winning three with the Cowboys and three with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9350250", "chunk_text": "\"Charles Haley\"\non three Super Bowl-winning teams: in 1992 (XXVII), 1993 (XXVIII), and 1995 (XXX). Haley and Tom Brady are the only players in NFL history to have won five Super Bowl rings. Haley was inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame in 2006, the College Football Hall of Fame in 2011, and the Texas Black Sports Hall of Fame in 2012. He was enshrined into the Dallas Cowboys Ring of Honor on November 6, 2011. In 2015, he was inducted into the San Francisco 49ers Hall of Fame. One of 15 finalists for election to the Pro Football Hall of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15441359", "chunk_text": "\"John Elway\"\nBroncos to make the list (Willie Brown, who began his career with the Broncos but spent more of it with the Oakland Raiders, also made the list). In 2005, \"\"TSN\"\" published another special feature honoring the 50 Greatest Quarterbacks. Elway was ranked third behind Johnny Unitas and Joe Montana. Elway was named the greatest athlete wearing the #7 by \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\". Current Pittsburgh Steelers' quarterback Ben Roethlisberger, who grew up idolizing Elway and Joe Montana, wears number 7 in honor of Elway. Elway ended his career with a record 148 victories, since surpassed by Brett Favre, Peyton Manning, and Tom", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13399355", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl ring\"\nThree Super Bowl rings belonging to former Raiders' punter Ray Guy brought over $96,000 at auction. In 2012, Lawrence Taylor's son sold his father's Super Bowl ring from 1990 for more than $250,000. As of 2017, ten players have won championships in both the NFL and Canada’s equivalent Canadian Football League (CFL). Super Bowl ring The Super Bowl ring is an award in the National Football League given to the winners of the league's annual championship game, the Super Bowl. Since only one Vince Lombardi Trophy is awarded to the team (ownership) itself, the Super Bowl ring offers a collectable", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15817627", "chunk_text": "\"Tom Brady\"\nTom Brady Thomas \"\"Tom\"\" Edward Patrick Brady Jr. (born August 3, 1977) is an American football quarterback for the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL). He is one of only two players in NFL history to have won five Super Bowls (along with defensive player Charles Haley), and he is the only player to have won them all with a single franchise. Because of his numerous accomplishments and accolades, many analysts and sportswriters consider Brady to be among the greatest quarterbacks of all time. After playing college football for the University of Michigan, Brady was drafted by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15260871", "chunk_text": "\"Keith Traylor\"\nKeith Traylor Byron Keith Traylor (born September 3, 1969 in Little Rock, Arkansas) is a former American football nose tackle who played 17 seasons in the National Football League. He was originally drafted by the Denver Broncos in the third round of the 1991 NFL Draft. He played college football at Central Oklahoma. Traylor has won a total of three Super Bowl rings; he won two with the Denver Broncos and one with the New England Patriots. Keith Traylor was born September 3, 1969, into an athletic family. His mother, Vernestine, was a standout high school basketball player before giving", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9830210", "chunk_text": "\"Keith Traylor\"\nKeith Traylor Byron Keith Traylor (born September 3, 1969 in Little Rock, Arkansas) is a former American football nose tackle who played 17 seasons in the National Football League. He was originally drafted by the Denver Broncos in the third round of the 1991 NFL Draft. He played college football at Central Oklahoma. Traylor has won a total of three Super Bowl rings; he won two with the Denver Broncos and one with the New England Patriots. Keith Traylor was born September 3, 1969, into an athletic family. His mother, Vernestine, was a standout high school basketball player before giving", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "822568", "chunk_text": "\"Rodney Harrison\"\nracked up over $200,000 in fines by the NFL. A notable suspension occurred in 2002 after a helmet-to-helmet hit on the Oakland Raiders' Jerry Rice. Rodney Harrison Rodney Scott Harrison (born December 15, 1972) is a former professional American football player of the National Football League. Harrison played strong safety for the San Diego Chargers and New England Patriots. He was a two-time Pro Bowl selection and winner of two Super Bowl rings. During his career, Harrison set and still holds the record for sacks by a defensive back, as well as becoming the first NFL player with 30 sacks", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13399350", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl ring\"\nring for up to 150 rings for the winning team; any additional costs are borne by the team. Most rings are manufactured by memorabilia company Jostens. In 2015, the rings for the New England Patriots reportedly cost $36,500 each, making them the most expensive rings Jostens has ever produced. The winning team can typically present rings to whomever they choose, including usually, but not limited to: players (active roster or injured), coaches, trainers, executives, personnel, and general staff. Some teams have given rings to former players and coaches that were on the team at some point during the season, despite", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1069305", "chunk_text": "\"Bart Starr\"\nBart Starr Bryan Bartlett \"\"Bart\"\" Starr (born January 9, 1934) is a former professional American football player and coach. He played quarterback for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL) from 1956 through 1971. Starr is the only quarterback in NFL history to lead a team to three consecutive league championships (1965–67). Starr and New England Patriots quarterback Tom Brady are tied for total NFL championships, at five each. Starr led his team to victories in the first two Super Bowls: I and II. As the Packers' head coach, he was less successful, compiling a 52–76–3 ()", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5534491", "chunk_text": "\"Lindsy McLean\"\nfrom the NFL Physician's Society and in 2008, received the Tim Kerin Award for Athletic Training Excellence. McLean has five super bowl rings with the 49ers. According to NFL records (2010), McLean and only three other people have five rings, among them Bill Belichick and player Charles Haley (49ers and Cowboys.) In February 2004, \"\"ESPN The Magazine\"\" published a feature story on McLean in which he came out publicly as gay and discussed his experiences in the world of football. He said that many players and team officials were aware of his homosexuality during his years with the 49ers. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10328824", "chunk_text": "\"Best NFL Player ESPY Award\"\nwere conducted in February of each year to honor achievements over the previous calendar year; awards presented thereafter are conferred in June and reflect performance from the June previous. In 2014, Peyton Manning of the Denver Broncos became the first 3-time winner breaking a tie with Barry Sanders, Brett Favre, Marshall Faulk. Aaron Rodgers would later surpass him in 2017 when he won his fourth. Aaron Rodgers has won four awards, the most. Six players – quarterbacks Brett Favre, Tom Brady, Peyton Manning, and running backs Emmitt Smith, Barry Sanders, and Marshall Faulk—have won the award twice; each save Sanders", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3490033", "chunk_text": "\"Dan Reeves\"\nDan Reeves Daniel Edward Reeves (born January 19, 1944) is a former American football running back and coach in the National Football League (NFL). Over the course of his 38 years in the NFL, Reeves participated in a combined nine Super Bowls as player and coach, the second-most in league history behind Bill Belichick's eleven. He served as a head coach for 23 seasons, primarily with the Denver Broncos and the Atlanta Falcons. As a player, he spent the entirety of his eight-season career with the Dallas Cowboys. Reeves made his first two Super Bowl appearances during his playing career,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12809784", "chunk_text": "\"Bart Starr\"\ngame and instead sent a videotaped greeting from home. Bart Starr Bryan Bartlett \"\"Bart\"\" Starr (born January 9, 1934) is a former professional American football player and coach. He played quarterback for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL) from 1956 through 1971. Starr is the only quarterback in NFL history to lead a team to three consecutive league championships (1965–67). Starr and New England Patriots quarterback Tom Brady are tied for total NFL championships, at five each. Starr led his team to victories in the first two Super Bowls: I and II. As the Packers' head", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3517675", "chunk_text": "\"Championship ring\"\nsold on eBay for over $32,000 apiece in mid-2008. Patriots safety Je'Rod Cherry raffled his ring from Super Bowl XXXVI in November 2008 to benefit several charities working to help children in Africa and Asia. Tight end Shannon Sharpe, meanwhile, gave his first Super Bowl ring to his brother Sterling, who had his career cut short by injury. In 2011, a Super Bowl ring belonging to Steve Wright, a lineman for the Green Bay Packers in the 1960s, sold for over $73,000 at auction. Three Super Bowl rings belonging to former Raiders' great Ray Guy brought over $96,000 at auction.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16799511", "chunk_text": "\"Darrin Smith\"\nHe was re-signed on December 1. After injuries limited him to only 3 games, he wasn't re-signed at the end of the season. Smith played in the NFL for 12 seasons, recording 24 quarterback sacks, 11 interceptions and 4 touchdowns. He never appeared in a Pro Bowl, but he is the only professional football player to earn two College Football National Championship rings (1989 and 1991) and two Super Bowl rings (1993 and 1995). Smith now owns and operates a real estate investment/development company. He is a member of The Fountain of Pembroke Pines (Pastor Wayne Lomax) where he heads", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17192636", "chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia/Baltimore Stars\"\nwent on to win a combined five Super Bowl rings throughout their NFL careers. Both won two rings apiece with the Giants in 1986 and 1990, while Oates earned an additional ring with the San Francisco 49ers in 1994. Oates was selected to five Pro Bowls during his career and to the UPI All-NFC team three times. He was extremely durable, starting 125 consecutive games during his Giants career. Rushing Yards: 1470 (1983), Kelvin Bryant, 1406 (1984), Kelvin Bryant, 1207 (1985), Kelvin Bryant Receiving Yards: 731 (1983), Scott Fitzkee, 1895 (1984), Scott Fitzkee, 882 (1985), Scott Fitzkee Passing Yards: 2718", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8291773", "chunk_text": "\"John Elway\"\nBrady for most wins by a starting quarterback. He finished his career with 774 rushing attempts, currently third in league history behind Randall Cunningham (775) and Michael Vick (873). Elway's 3,407 rushing yards ranks sixth all-time among NFL QB's behind Cunningham, Vick, Steve Young, Fran Tarkenton, and Steve McNair. Elway threw for 1,128 yards in his five Super Bowls, fourth most behind Tom Brady, Kurt Warner, and Joe Montana. His 76 Super Bowl pass completions rank fifth, and his 152 attempts were a Super Bowl record before being broken by Tom Brady. He is one of only two players ever", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13399353", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl ring\"\nSuper Bowl XLV ring contained more than 100 diamonds. The Packer logo, in the center of the ring, made up 13 diamonds, one for each title the team has won, dating back to 1929. In a break from tradition, this is the first Super Bowl ring to be made of platinum, not gold. The New England Patriots Super Bowl LI ring has 283 diamonds, to commemorate their comeback from being down 28-3 versus the Atlanta Falcons late in the 3rd quarter. Replicas of the rings for various years are popular collectibles, along with genuine rings. Dave Meggett is known to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6816359", "chunk_text": "\"Matt Millen\"\nMatt Millen Matthew George Millen (born March 12, 1958) is an American former National Football League linebacker and former executive. Millen played for the Oakland Raiders, the San Francisco 49ers and the Washington Redskins. In Millen's 12-year NFL playing career, he played on four teams that won the Super Bowl. Millen won a Super Bowl ring with each of the three teams for which he played; moreover, he won a Super Bowl ring in each of the four cities in which he played (the Raiders won championships in both Oakland and Los Angeles during his tenure). After his playing career,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1617692", "chunk_text": "\"NBA Championship ring\"\nNBA Championship ring The NBA Championship ring is an annual award given by the National Basketball Association to the team that wins the NBA Finals. Rings are presented to the team's players, coaches, and members of the executive front office. Red Auerbach has the most rings overall with 16. Phil Jackson has the most as coach and Bill Russell has the most as a player (11 each) NBA Championship rings have been handed out since the first NBA Finals in 1947. In the modern era, the rings are handed to the defending champions during the team's first home game each", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13399354", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl ring\"\nhave placed his ring for sale on eBay. Two Super Bowl rings from the 1970 Steelers sold on eBay for over $69,000 apiece in mid-2008. Patriots safety Je'Rod Cherry raffled his ring from Super Bowl XXXVI in November 2008 to benefit several charities working to help children in Africa and Asia. Tight end Shannon Sharpe, meanwhile, gave his first Super Bowl ring to his brother Sterling, who had his career cut short by injury. In 2011, a Super Bowl ring belonging to Steve Wright, a lineman for the Green Bay Packers in the 1960s, sold for over $73,000 at auction.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19193983", "chunk_text": "\"Henry Lawrence (American football)\"\nHenry Lawrence (American football) Henry Lawrence (born September 26, 1951) is a former professional American football player. A two-time Pro Bowler, he played in the National Football League for 13 seasons as an offensive tackle with the Oakland/Los Angeles Raiders. He played in Super Bowl XI and was a starter in Super Bowl XV and Super Bowl XVIII for the Raiders earning three Super Bowl Championship Rings. Lawrence is a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity. At the 2010 Alpha Phi Alpha Convention, Henry was the recipient of the Jesse Owens Achievement Award for his athletic excellence. Lawrence has five", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18817478", "chunk_text": "\"Kenny Hill (defensive back)\"\nKenny Hill (defensive back) Kenneth Wayne \"\"Kenny\"\" Hill (born July 25, 1958 in Oak Grove, Louisiana) is a former National Football League player whose career lasted ten seasons, from 1980 until 1989. Hill played for the Oakland/Los Angeles Raiders, New York Giants, and Kansas City Chiefs and earned three Super Bowl rings, the first two with the 1980 and 1983 Raiders, the third with the 1986 New York Giants. Hill is the first and only Ivy League football athlete to have played on three Super Bowl championship teams. Hill played college football at Yale University, coached by College Football Hall", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16609338", "chunk_text": "\"Kenny Hill (defensive back)\"\nKenny Hill (defensive back) Kenneth Wayne \"\"Kenny\"\" Hill (born July 25, 1958 in Oak Grove, Louisiana) is a former National Football League player whose career lasted ten seasons, from 1980 until 1989. Hill played for the Oakland/Los Angeles Raiders, New York Giants, and Kansas City Chiefs and earned three Super Bowl rings, the first two with the 1980 and 1983 Raiders, the third with the 1986 New York Giants. Hill is the first and only Ivy League football athlete to have played on three Super Bowl championship teams. Hill played college football at Yale University, coached by College Football Hall", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14289362", "chunk_text": "\"Jerry Rice\"\nselected to the Pro Bowl 13 times (1986–1996, 1998, 2002) and named All-Pro 12 times in his 20 NFL seasons. He won three Super Bowls with the 49ers and an AFC Championship with the Oakland Raiders. , Rice holds over 100 NFL records, the most of any player by a wide margin. In 1999, \"\"The Sporting News\"\" listed Rice second behind Jim Brown on its list of \"\"Football's 100 Greatest Players\"\". In 2010, he was chosen by NFL Network's NFL Films production \"\"\"\" as the greatest player in NFL history. Rice was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11376203", "chunk_text": "\"National Football League\"\nthe Green Bay Packers with thirteen (nine NFL titles before the Super Bowl era, and four Super Bowl championships afterwards); the team with the most Super Bowl championships is the Pittsburgh Steelers with six. The current NFL champions are the Philadelphia Eagles, who defeated the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LII, their first Super Bowl championship after winning three NFL titles before the Super Bowl era. On August 20, 1920, a meeting was held by representatives of the Akron Pros, Canton Bulldogs, Cleveland Indians, and Dayton Triangles at the Jordan and Hupmobile auto showroom in Canton, Ohio. This meeting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8097311", "chunk_text": "\"America's Game: The Super Bowl Champions\"\nYork Giants), Ray Lewis (2000 and 2012 Baltimore Ravens), Peyton Manning (2006 Indianapolis Colts and 2015 Denver Broncos), and LeGarrette Blount (2016 New England Patriots and 2017 Philadelphia Eagles). Ernie Accorsi and Rich Dalrymple are the only non-players or coaches to be interviewed for the series—both were team administrators. Of the \"\"Blue Ribbon\"\" top 20 teams, the San Francisco 49ers and Dallas Cowboys are represented most often as a franchise with three championship teams each. The Green Bay Packers, Pittsburgh Steelers, and Oakland/Los Angeles Raiders are each represented twice. According to Steve Sabol, president of NFL Films, only 20 teams", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6801724", "chunk_text": "\"Jerry Kramer\"\nthe NFL as a linebacker with the Tennessee Titans in 2003 and 2004. After turning eighty in early 2016, Kramer auctioned off several items of memorabilia to raise college funds for his grandchildren, including his ring from the first Super Bowl, which was sold for $125,000. Jerry Kramer Gerald Louis Kramer (born January 23, 1936) is a former professional American football player, author and sports commentator, best remembered for his 11-year National Football League (NFL) career with the Green Bay Packers as an offensive lineman. As a , right guard, Kramer was an integral part of the famous Packers sweep,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3576796", "chunk_text": "\"Garry Puetz\"\nGarry Puetz Garry Spencer Puetz (born March 14, 1952) is a former American football guard and tackle in the National Football League (NFL) for the New York Jets, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Philadelphia Eagles, New England Patriots, and the Washington Redskins. He played college football at Valparaiso University and was drafted in the twelfth round of the 1973 NFL Draft. In 1971 and 1972, he was named to the Kodak College Division All-American Team. A three-time All-ICC offensive tackle (also kicker in 1972), he owns the distinction of earning a Super Bowl ring in 1982 with the Washington Redskins. Puetz played", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4389733", "chunk_text": "\"Bob Long\"\nBob Long Robert Andrew \"\"Bob\"\" Long (born June 16, 1942) is a former American football wide receiver in the National Football League who played in the 1960s and 1970s and earned two Super Bowl rings. He attended suburban Pittsburgh's Washington Township High School (near Apollo), and Wichita State University. His seven-year pro-career was spent with both the Green Bay Packers and the Washington Redskins. He was an instrumental part of Vince Lombardi's wins at Super Bowl I and Super Bowl II. Long was inducted into the State of Kansas Hall of Fame in 1965 and the Wichita State Hall of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17477218", "chunk_text": "\"Vince Lombardi Trophy\"\nfor the 2015 NFL season. The years shown below refer to the season, not the date that the Super Bowl was actually played. The Pittsburgh Steelers (1974, 1975, 1978, 1979, 2005, 2008) are first with six Vince Lombardi Trophies. The Dallas Cowboys (1971, 1977, 1992, 1993, 1995), the San Francisco 49ers (1981, 1984, 1988, 1989, 1994), and the New England Patriots (2001, 2003, 2004, 2014, 2016) are tied for second with 5 each. The Green Bay Packers (1966, 1967, 1996, 2010) and the New York Giants (1986, 1990, 2007, 2011) are tied for fifth with four each. The Oakland Raiders", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9258845", "chunk_text": "\"Dick Modzelewski\"\n1993, Modzelewski was honored for his college football exploits with his induction into the College Football Hall of Fame and in 1986, Dick was inducted into the National Polish American Sports Hall of Fame. Dick Modzelewski played and started in 8 NFL championship games. 1956, 1958, 1959, 1961–1963 with the New York Giants, and 1964 and 1965 with the Cleveland Browns. He was a NFL Champion twice with the 1956 New York Giants and 1964 Cleveland Browns. He has been a player in more NFL championship games than just about any player in NFL history. Tom Brady has also played", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13399352", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl ring\"\n(which resemble diamonds). When Tampa Bay won Super Bowl XXXVII, the players and coaches received rings with a diamond-centered Lombardi trophy. Some staff received rings with a metal Lombardi trophy and real diamonds surrounding the trophy and the \"\"C\"\" level ring did not contain any diamonds. Many rings feature diamonds in the shape of the Vince Lombardi Trophy or a football. Some feature diamonds or gold in the shape of a team logo. Others illustrate the number of Super Bowls that franchise has won. Also, the rings are customized with the player's name and uniform number. The Green Bay Packers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15905621", "chunk_text": "\"Charles Haley\"\nCharles Haley Charles Lewis Haley (born January 6, 1964) is a former American football linebacker and defensive end who played in the National Football League (NFL) for the San Francisco 49ers (1986–1991, 1998–1999) and the Dallas Cowboys (1992–1996). A versatile defensive player, Haley began his career as a specialty outside linebacker, eventually progressing to pass-rusher and finally full-fledged defensive end. He is the first five-time Super Bowl champion, and is one of only two such players, the other being Tom Brady. He won two Super Bowls with the 49ers (XXIII, XXIV) and three with the Cowboys (XXVII, XXVIII, XXX); he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13328845", "chunk_text": "\"Mike Lodish\"\nMike Lodish Michael Timothy \"\"Mike\"\" Lodish (born August 11, 1967) is a former professional American football player who was selected by the Buffalo Bills in the tenth round of the 1990 NFL Draft. A 6'3\"\", 270-lb. defensive tackle and nose tackle from UCLA, Lodish played in 11 NFL seasons from 1990-2000 for the Bills and Denver Broncos. Lodish is tied with Don Beebe for second in all-time Super Bowl appearances with six. This is only behind Tom Brady, who played in his eighth Super Bowl on February 4, 2018 at Super Bowl LII in Minneapolis, Minnesota. (It is worth noting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8535968", "chunk_text": "\"Bill Bates\"\nBates earned three Super Bowl rings with the Cowboys, playing in Super Bowl XXVIII and Super Bowl XXX. He was on injured reserve during the 1992 season, when the Cowboys played in Super Bowl XXVII, due to a knee injury. Tom Landry once said, “If we had 11 players on the field who played as hard as Bill Bates does and did their homework like he does, we’d be almost impossible to beat”. He described Bates and Cliff Harris as \"\"the hardest hitters I ever saw.\"\" Referring to Bates' reputation as a hard hitter, John Madden stated, \"\"Every game starts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18306280", "chunk_text": "\"Marv Fleming\"\nMarv Fleming Marvin Lawrence Fleming (born January 2, 1942) is a former professional American football player, a tight end in the National Football League for twelve seasons, seven with the Green Bay Packers and five with the Miami Dolphins. He was a member of five NFL championship teams. Fleming is the first player in NFL history to play in five Super Bowls—with Green Bay (I, II) and Miami (VI, VII, VIII). He played under hall of fame head coaches Vince Lombardi and Don Shula for five seasons each. Born in Longview, Texas, Fleming was raised in southern California in Compton", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9773323", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XL\"\nsum is roughly $86,000. After having held constant at $600 for three years, the face value of the costliest Super Bowl ticket rose to $700 for the game. On eBay, the least-desirable seats—those behind each end zone in the upper level—fetched more than $2000 each, while top seats around the 50-yard line sold for more than $6000. The ring for the Pittsburgh Steelers was designed by Steelers owner Dan Rooney with Jerome Bettis and Ben Roethlisberger. It is crowned by five Vince Lombardi trophies, all topped with football-shaped diamond settings to represent their five Super Bowl victories. Rooney would have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9528337", "chunk_text": "\"Bob Long\"\nalso brought the first Pizza Hut to northern Wisconsin from 1968–1979. Bob Long Robert Andrew \"\"Bob\"\" Long (born June 16, 1942) is a former American football wide receiver in the National Football League who played in the 1960s and 1970s and earned two Super Bowl rings. He attended suburban Pittsburgh's Washington Township High School (near Apollo), and Wichita State University. His seven-year pro-career was spent with both the Green Bay Packers and the Washington Redskins. He was an instrumental part of Vince Lombardi's wins at Super Bowl I and Super Bowl II. Long was inducted into the State of Kansas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18304847", "chunk_text": "\"Billy Howton\"\nBilly Howton William Harris Howton (born July 5, 1930) is a former American football player, an end in the National Football League (NFL) for twelve seasons with the Green Bay Packers, Cleveland Browns, and expansion Dallas Cowboys. Howton caught a total 503 career passes for a total of 8,459 yards. In doing so, he surpassed then leader Don Hutson to become the all-time leader in receptions and yardage. (Since then his ranking has fallen to below 50.) Despite this, he has yet to be named a finalist in Pro Football Hall of Fame balloting. He retired after the 1963 season,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7004219", "chunk_text": "\"Mike Bundra\"\nMike Bundra Michael Paul Bundra (June 24, 1939 - August 1, 2009) was a professional football player, drafted by the Detroit Lions in 1962. He played with the Lions for two seasons before playing for both the Minnesota Vikings (4 games) and the Cleveland Browns (9 games) in the 1964 season, which earned him a NFL championship ring when the Browns beat the Baltimore Colts 27-0. He played for the New York Giants the next season, playing 9 games before retiring. In 48 total career games, he recovered 4 fumbles. On August 1, 2009, Bundra died at age 70 in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3386716", "chunk_text": "\"Lyle Alzado\"\nLyle Alzado Lyle Martin Alzado (April 3, 1949 – May 14, 1992) was a professional All Pro American football defensive end of the National Football League, famous for his intense and intimidating style of play. Alzado played 15 seasons, splitting his time among the Denver Broncos, the Cleveland Browns, and finally the Los Angeles Raiders with whom he won a championship in Super Bowl XVIII. He was born in Brownsville, Brooklyn, New York, to an Italian-Spanish father, Maurice, and a Jewish mother with a Russian family background, Martha Sokolow Alzado, and was Jewish. His last name was pronounced, Al-Zah-Doe, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16048233", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXVII\"\nas the only NFL players at that time to earn 5 Super Bowl rings (Haley was also with the 49ers for Super Bowls XXIII and XXIV, and later earned rings when the Dallas Cowboys won Super Bowls XXVII, XXVIII, and XXX). The Raiders became the first team to appear in Super Bowls under four head coaches. John Rauch coached them in Super Bowl II, John Madden (who himself called Super Bowl XXXVII on ABC), coached them in Super Bowl XI and Tom Flores coached them in Super Bowl XV and XVIII. The teams combined for the most second half points", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7547231", "chunk_text": "\"Bruce Matthews (American football)\"\nis the second most of all time. Matthews played college football for the University of Southern California, where he was recognized as a consensus All-American for the USC Trojans football team as a senior. He was selected in the first round of the 1983 NFL Draft by the Oilers. He was a 14-time Pro Bowl selection, tied for the most in NFL history, and a nine-time first-team All-Pro. Matthews was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2007, and his number 74 jersey is retired by the Titans; he is the only member of the team to have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20430320", "chunk_text": "\"GOAT Index\"\nexecutives (all Super Bowl winners), each of whom voted on their top ten quarterbacks. The final quarterback rankings were determined based on how frequently any quarterback outranked his peers across all voting ballots. The ESPN voting panel consisted of Pete Carroll, Tony Dungy, Mike Holmgren, Howard Mudd, Wade Phillips, Mike Reinfeldt, Ray Rhodes, Mike Shanahan, Al Saunders and Norv Turner. Tom Brady emerged as the GOAT from the ESPN survey with 86.7% coverage. GOAT Index The GOAT Index (\"\"Greatest of All Time\"\") is a system used in sports to rank the best performers in any given role. The concept/name was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7004220", "chunk_text": "\"Mike Bundra\"\nMaryville, Tennessee. Mike Bundra Michael Paul Bundra (June 24, 1939 - August 1, 2009) was a professional football player, drafted by the Detroit Lions in 1962. He played with the Lions for two seasons before playing for both the Minnesota Vikings (4 games) and the Cleveland Browns (9 games) in the 1964 season, which earned him a NFL championship ring when the Browns beat the Baltimore Colts 27-0. He played for the New York Giants the next season, playing 9 games before retiring. In 48 total career games, he recovered 4 fumbles. On August 1, 2009, Bundra died at age", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_321	where is this years army navy game played?	n/a	[ "Lincoln Financial Field in Philadelphia", "Lincoln Financial Field" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8095513", "chunk_text": "\"Army–Navy Game\"\nfor the travel expenses of all the students and supporters of both academies – 9,437 in all. The game was held at the Rose Bowl that year because there are a large number of military installations and servicemen and women, along with many retired military personnel, on the West Coast. The game has been held one other time in a non-East Coast venue, at Chicago's Soldier Field, which played host to the 1926 game. All games through 2020 will be held at Lincoln Financial Field in Philadelphia. MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey will host the 2021 game. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3863647", "chunk_text": "\"Army–Navy Game\"\nNavy with a 21–17 victory for the first time since 2001. On December 8, 2018, Army beat Navy 17-10 to increase their winning streak in the series to 3 games. Army also won the Commander in Chief's Trophy outright for just the eighth time in the trophy's history. The American national anthem was usually sung by combined members of the United States Military Academy and the United States Naval Academy choirs. Philadelphia has been the traditional home of the Army-Navy game. Eighty-eight of 119 games have been contested in Philadelphia including every game from 1932-1982 excepting three that were relocated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3863638", "chunk_text": "\"Army–Navy Game\"\nconference championship weekend. The game has been held in multiple locations, but outside the 1926 game in Chicago and 1983 game in Pasadena, California, it has been played in the Northeast megalopolis, most frequently in Philadelphia, followed by the New York area and the Baltimore–Washington area. The series has been marked by several periods of domination by one team or the other, with Navy's 14-game winning streak from 2002 through 2015 being the longest for either side. Through the 2018 meeting, Navy leads the series 60–52–7, but has lost the last three games. Army and Navy first met on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13122602", "chunk_text": "\"Army–Navy Game\"\nfield on November 29, 1890. They played 30 times between that date and November 26, 1927. The series has been renewed annually since 1930. The game has been held at several locations throughout its history, including Baltimore and New York City, but has most frequently been played in Philadelphia, roughly equidistant from the two academies. Historically played on the Saturday after Thanksgiving (a date on which most other major college football teams end their regular seasons), the game is now played on the second Saturday in December and is traditionally the last game of the season for both teams and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7319821", "chunk_text": "\"Army–Navy Game\"\nArmy–Navy Game The Army-Navy Game is an American college football rivalry game between the Army Black Knights of the United States Military Academy (USMA) at West Point, New York, and the Navy Midshipmen of the United States Naval Academy (USNA) at Annapolis, Maryland. The Black Knights (alternatively, the \"\"Cadets\"\") and Midshipmen each represent their service's oldest officer commissioning sources. As such, the game has come to embody the spirit of the interservice rivalry of the United States Armed Forces. The game marks the end of the college football regular season and the third and final game of the season's Commander-in-Chief's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2356835", "chunk_text": "\"Army–Navy Game\"\nStadium hosted the game in 1930 and 1931. New Jersey has hosted five games; 1905 at Osborne Field at Princeton University and four games at Giants Stadium from 1989-2002. Maryland has hosted a number of games throughout the history of the series as well. In Baltimore, Municipal Stadium hosted the 1924 and 1944 games and M&T Bank Stadium has hosted four games since 2000. In Landover, FedExField hosted the game in 2011. The Rose Bowl is the only site west of the Mississippi River to host the Army–Navy game; it did so in 1983. The city of Pasadena, California paid", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6954139", "chunk_text": "\"Navy–Notre Dame football rivalry\"\nStadium or current M&T Bank Stadium, FedExField in Landover, Maryland, or at Giants Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey. From 1960 to 1970, the Midshipmen hosted the game at John F. Kennedy Stadium in Philadelphia, and they hosted the 1972, 1974 and 1993 games at Philadelphia's Veterans Stadium. The game has been played twice in Dublin, Ireland—in 1996 at Croke Park and 2012 at Aviva Stadium. The game was also occasionally played at old Cleveland Stadium. The 2016 game was held at EverBank Field in Jacksonville, Florida. Navy's 2018 home game was played at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, California", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9595690", "chunk_text": "\"Army–Navy Game\"\nat Franklin Field, the home field of the University of Pennsylvania. From 1936 through 1979, all games contested in Philadelphia were held in Municipal Stadium, renamed John F. Kennedy Stadium in 1964. From 1980-2001, all games contested in Philadelphia were hosted by Veterans Stadium. Since 2003, all games contested in Philadelphia have been played in Lincoln Financial Field. In these games, Navy holds a 10-2 advantage, although the last game was won by Army. Only six games have ever been held on the campus of either academy, primarily because neither team plays at an on-campus stadium large enough to accommodate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3863637", "chunk_text": "\"Army–Navy Game\"\nTrophy series, which also includes the Air Force Falcons of the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) near Colorado Springs, Colorado. The Army–Navy game is one of the most traditional and enduring rivalries in college football. It has been frequently attended by sitting U.S. presidents. The game has been nationally televised each year since 1945 on either ABC, CBS, or NBC. CBS has televised the game since 1996 and has the rights to the broadcast through 2028. Instant replay made its American debut in the 1963 Army–Navy game. Since 2009, the game has been held on the Saturday following FBS", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6317572", "chunk_text": "\"Army–Navy Cup\"\nArmy–Navy Cup The Army–Navy Cup is an annual men's college soccer match between the United States Military Academy (Army) and the United States Naval Academy (Navy). Since its inaugural game in 2012, the match has been played on a neutral venue, much like its college football counterpart. Like the American football rivalry, the Cup is also held in the Philadelphia metro area. However, the cup is held at Talen Energy Stadium, the home ground of Major League Soccer's Philadelphia Union. Prior to the arrival of the neutral site Army–Navy Cup, the two sides had met 77 times, and annually since", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "323424", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Military Bowl\"\nappearance since 2011. The Navy Midshipmen had a 6–6 record in the regular season. This was the team's third appearance in the Military Bowl; they lost in 2008 (when the game was the EagleBank Bowl) and won in 2015. 2017 Military Bowl The 2017 Military Bowl was a postseason college football bowl game played at Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium in Annapolis, Maryland, on December 28, 2017. The game was the 10th edition of the Military Bowl and featured the Virginia Cavaliers of the Atlantic Coast Conference and the Navy Midshipmen of the American Athletic Conference. Sponsored by defense contractor Northrop", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12428643", "chunk_text": "\"Army–Navy Game\"\ndue to World War II travel restrictions. Philadelphia is typically selected as the site due to the historic nature of the city and the fact that it is approximately halfway between West Point and Annapolis. For decades, the Pennsylvania Railroad and its successors offered game-day service to all Army–Navy games in Philadelphia using a sprawling temporary station constructed each year near Municipal Stadium on the railroad's Greenwich freight yard. The service, with 40-odd trains serving as many as 30,000 attendees, was the single largest concentrated passenger rail movement in the country. All games contested in Philadelphia through 1935 were played", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7319836", "chunk_text": "\"Army–Navy Game\"\nthe large crowds that attend the game. Army's Michie Stadium seats only 38,000, while Navy's Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium seats only 34,000. The rivalry's first four games were hosted on the parade grounds of the respective academies and two games were held on campus due to World War II travel restrictions (1942 at Navy's old Thompson Stadium and 1943 at Michie Stadium). Outside of Philadelphia, the New York area has been the most frequent Army-Navy site. The Polo Grounds holds the record for most games hosted outside of Philadelphia with nine, hosting all New York City games through 1927. Yankee", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20212306", "chunk_text": "\"Military Bowl\"\nMilitary Bowl The Military Bowl is a post-season National Collegiate Athletic Association-sanctioned Division I college football bowl game that has been played annually each December in the Washington metropolitan area since 2008. The game was originally held at Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium in Washington, D.C. before moving to Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium in Annapolis, Maryland in 2013. The 2014 through 2019 games are featuring teams from the American Athletic Conference and the Atlantic Coast Conference. During initial planning stages, the game was known as the Congressional Bowl, but was first played in 2008 as the EagleBank Bowl with sponsored", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4155459", "chunk_text": "\"Army–Navy Cup\"\nearly 2010s, an effort began to press for a neutral site venue for their annual regular season encounter, which was solidified in mid-2012. On July 25, 2012, it was announced that the two programs would play at the then-called, PPL Park in Chester, Pennsylvania. The even, dubbed the \"\"Army-Navy Cup\"\" was hosted by the Philadelphia Union in conjunction with Keystone Sports and Entertainment and Global Spectrum. This marked the first time since 1966 the two programs met in Philadelphia, and the first time since 1994 the sides played against each other at a neutral venue. The second once was dubbed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "323423", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Military Bowl\"\n2017 Military Bowl The 2017 Military Bowl was a postseason college football bowl game played at Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium in Annapolis, Maryland, on December 28, 2017. The game was the 10th edition of the Military Bowl and featured the Virginia Cavaliers of the Atlantic Coast Conference and the Navy Midshipmen of the American Athletic Conference. Sponsored by defense contractor Northrop Grumman, the game was officially known as the Military Bowl presented by Northrop Grumman. The Virginia Cavaliers finished the regular season with a 6–6 record. This was the team's first appearance in the Military Bowl and their first bowl", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5465519", "chunk_text": "\"Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium\"\nNavy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium is an open-air stadium located off the campus of the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland. Opened in 1959, it serves as the home stadium of the Navy Midshipmen college football and lacrosse, and the professional Chesapeake Bayhawks of Major League Lacrosse. The stadium is also the host of the Military Bowl. The stadium's opener was a 29–2 win over William & Mary on September 26, 1959, and its current seating capacity is 34,000. The attendance record is 38,792, set in 2017 during Navy's 48-45 defeat of Air Force on Prior", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8851921", "chunk_text": "\"Army–Navy Game\"\nafter the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, Jacqueline Kennedy urged the academies to play after there had been talk of cancellation. Originally scheduled for November 30, 1963, the game was played on December 7, 1963 also coinciding with the 22nd anniversary of Pearl Harbor Day. In front of a crowd of 102,000 people in Philadelphia's Municipal Stadium, later renamed John F. Kennedy Stadium, junior (second class Midshipman) quarterback Roger Staubach led number two ranked Navy to victory which clinched a Cotton Bowl national championship matchup with Texas played on January 1, 1964. Army was led by junior (second class", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19051132", "chunk_text": "\"Military Bowl\"\nVirginia <br> Through the December 2017 playing, there have been 10 games (20 total appearances). Military Bowl The Military Bowl is a post-season National Collegiate Athletic Association-sanctioned Division I college football bowl game that has been played annually each December in the Washington metropolitan area since 2008. The game was originally held at Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium in Washington, D.C. before moving to Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium in Annapolis, Maryland in 2013. The 2014 through 2019 games are featuring teams from the American Athletic Conference and the Atlantic Coast Conference. During initial planning stages, the game was known as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13122611", "chunk_text": "\"Army–Navy Game\"\nrivalries Army and Navy have with Air Force are much less intense than the Army–Navy rivalry, primarily due to the relative youth of the USAFA, established in 1954, and the physical distance between the USAFA and the other two schools. The Army–Air Force and Navy–Air Force games are usually played at the academies' regular home fields, although on occasion they have been held at a neutral field. Navy won 14 Army-Navy games in a row from 2002 to 2015, the longest winning streak in the history of the series. On December 10, 2016, Army snapped its 14-game losing streak against", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3700412", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Army Black Knights football team\"\nsecure their first unbeaten home schedule in a season since the 1996 team that finished 10–2 (and just the sixth Black Knights squad to go undefeated at home since 1960). Following this string of victories, Army dropped a shootout to 2016 Heart of Dallas Bowl opponent North Texas on a last second field goal to enter the 118th Army-Navy game with a record of 8–3 and the opportunity to secure their first Commander-in-Chief's Trophy in over twenty years. In a steady snowfall on the afternoon of December 8, after hosting ESPN's College GameDay and wearing uniforms honoring the U.S. Army's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11014267", "chunk_text": "\"Army–Navy Game\"\nwith their comrades. The game is the last of three contests in the annual Commander-in-Chief's Trophy series, awarded to each season's winner of the triangular series between Army, Navy, and Air Force since 1972. In years when Navy and Army have each beaten Air Force before the Army–Navy Game (1972, 1977, 1978, 1996, 2005, 2012 and 2017) the Army-Navy game has also determined whether Army or Navy would win this trophy. In years when Air Force has split its two games, the Army-Navy game determines whether the trophy is shared or won outright by the winner of the game. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13285911", "chunk_text": "\"Day of Rivals\"\nplay Maryland at Homewood Field. Similarly, the Army–Navy game will be held at Annapolis in 2011 instead. Day of Rivals The Smartlink Day of Rivals is an annual college lacrosse double-header event played in Baltimore, Maryland, USA, between two pairs of traditional rivals. The event takes place in M&T Bank Stadium, the home field of the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League. The first event took place on April 11, 2009, between the Johns Hopkins–Maryland and Army–Navy games, the two most intense and storied lacrosse rivalries. The 2010 event featured the same match-ups with a total attendance of 20,911.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19362564", "chunk_text": "\"Navy Midshipmen football\"\n2003 who was killed in Iraq, Navy's J. P. Blecksmith, was remembered. The players placed their comrade's pads and jerseys on chairs on the sidelines. Much of the sentiment of the game goes out to those who share the uniform and who are overseas. Army-Navy is played in early December, typically in Philadelphia. The game, however, has also been played in other locations such as New York, Baltimore, Chicago, and Pasadena. The Commander-in-Chief's Trophy is awarded to each season's winner of the triangular college football series among the United States Military Academy (Army), the United States Naval Academy (Navy), and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20435373", "chunk_text": "\"Navy Midshipmen football\"\nthe national championship based on retroactive rankings by both the William Boand and Deke Houlgate mathematical poll systems. † Co-champions Navy has participated in 23 bowl games, garnering a record of 11–11–1. The Army-Navy Game, played annually on the last weekend of the college football regular season in early December, pits the football teams of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, New York (Army) against the Navy Midshipmen. It is one of the most traditional and enduring rivalries in college football, and is televised every year by CBS. It was in the 1963 Army–Navy game that instant replay made", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5465524", "chunk_text": "\"Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium\"\noutdoor regular season hockey game on an ice surface constructed at the stadium. Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium is an open-air stadium located off the campus of the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland. Opened in 1959, it serves as the home stadium of the Navy Midshipmen college football and lacrosse, and the professional Chesapeake Bayhawks of Major League Lacrosse. The stadium is also the host of the Military Bowl. The stadium's opener was a 29–2 win over William & Mary on September 26, 1959, and its current seating capacity is 34,000. The attendance record is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8095515", "chunk_text": "\"Army–Navy Game\"\ngame will then return to Lincoln Financial Field for 2022. Games beyond 2022 have yet to be awarded. Navy Midshipman (and later Admiral) Joseph Mason Reeves wore what is widely regarded as the first football helmet in the 1893 Army–Navy Game. He had been advised by a Navy doctor that another kick to his head would result in intellectual disability or even death, so he commissioned an Annapolis shoemaker to make him a helmet out of leather. On November 27, 1926, the Army–Navy Game was held in Chicago for the National Dedication of Soldier Field as a monument to American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3612045", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Armed Forces Bowl\"\n2017 Armed Forces Bowl The 2017 Armed Forces Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 23, 2017, at Amon G. Carter Stadium on the campus of Texas Christian University in Fort Worth, Texas. The fifteenth edition of the Armed Forces Bowl featured the Army Black Knights against the San Diego State Aztecs of the Mountain West Conference. Kickoff was scheduled for 2:30 PM CST and the game aired on ESPN. It was one of the 2017–18 bowl games concluding the 2017 FBS football season. Sponsored by aerospace and defense company Lockheed Martin, the game was officially known", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13285910", "chunk_text": "\"Day of Rivals\"\nDay of Rivals The Smartlink Day of Rivals is an annual college lacrosse double-header event played in Baltimore, Maryland, USA, between two pairs of traditional rivals. The event takes place in M&T Bank Stadium, the home field of the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League. The first event took place on April 11, 2009, between the Johns Hopkins–Maryland and Army–Navy games, the two most intense and storied lacrosse rivalries. The 2010 event featured the same match-ups with a total attendance of 20,911. Johns Hopkins declined to extend its contract with the event for the 2011 edition, and will instead", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3369663", "chunk_text": "\"Army Navy Match\"\nNumber 8 completed a remarkable game which included a try, a yellow card and being named Man of the Match. The 2017 Army Navy match was unable to live up to the onfield excitement from the year before. However the 100th match saw another record crowd (81577), the attendance of Prince Harry as Patron of the Match Chairty, Invictus Games Foundation, and an Army win 29-20. The 101st Army Navy Match was played at Twickenham on 5 May 2018 with the Army winning 22-14. The match was notable in that the Navy had one man sent off in the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4784358", "chunk_text": "\"Army–Notre Dame football rivalry\"\nMemorial) Stadium while in 1965, the teams met at Shea Stadium in New York. They last met at the old Yankee Stadium in 1969. The 1973 contest was played at West Point with the Fighting Irish prevailing, 62–3. In more recent times, games in which Army was the host have been played at Giants Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey. Notre Dame leads the series 39–8–4. Their latest matchup came in 2016, when the teams met for the 2016 Shamrock series in the Alamodome in San Antonio. Notre Dame won the game easily, 44-6. As of this meeting, the Irish", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20435390", "chunk_text": "\"Navy Midshipmen football\"\nNotre Dame three times. Navy won 28-27 in 2016, making Coach Niumatalolo only the second coach in Navy history to defeat Notre Dame three times. When Navy is the home team for this game in even-numbered years, the Midshipmen have hosted the game off-campus at large stadiums used by NFL teams, usually FedExField in Landover, Maryland or M&T Bank Stadium in Baltimore. The Midshipmen have also hosted the Irish at John F. Kennedy Stadium and Veterans Stadium in Philadelphia. The intrastate rivalry between Maryland and Navy is referred to as the \"\"Crab Bowl Classic.\"\" Starting in 1905, the two teams", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13482519", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Army All-American Bowl\"\nbroadcast partner NBC, and more than 40,000 in attendance every year. After the 2018 game, the U.S. Army ended its title sponsorship of the event. The event is now called the \"\"All American Bowl\"\". The U.S. Army All-American Bowl was first played on December 30, 2000, in Highlander Stadium in Dallas, Texas. Since 2002, however, the game has been played in San Antonio. Notable alumni include: Andrew Luck, Jamaal Charles, Patrick Peterson, Adrian Peterson, Odell Beckham Jr., Eric Berry, Tim Tebow, Joe Thomas, Tyron Smith, Robert Quinn, C.J. Mosley and DeMarco Murray. Thirty-six U.S. Army All-Americans were selected in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5465523", "chunk_text": "\"Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium\"\nelevation of the field is approximately above sea level. The field at Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium is named \"\"Jack Stephens Field\"\", for Jackson T. Stephens (Class of 1947), whose gift aided (1) the renovation of the stadium, (2) the Class of 1947 Legacy project to benefit the Academy's Museum, and (3) other Academy projects. Several first round matches in the association football (soccer) tournament at the 1984 Summer Olympics were played at Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium. On March 3, 2018 the Washington Capitals of the National Hockey League hosted the Toronto Maple Leafs in the 2018 NHL Stadium Series, an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16623201", "chunk_text": "\"Lincoln Financial Field\"\nVillanova, the teams' first meeting since 1980. During the 2015 season, the Temple Owls sold out the Linc on two occasions. The September 5th season opener against Penn State, and again on October 31 in a prime time matchup against Notre Dame. Lincoln Financial Field is the primary home to the Army–Navy Game. The game has been played the most often in Philadelphia. It was played at Veterans Stadium for the final time in 2001, and prior to the Vet, at John F. Kennedy Stadium and Franklin Field. The Linc hosted the game five times between 2003 and 2009. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3524523", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Army All-American Bowl\"\nU.S. Army All-American Bowl The U.S. Army All-American Bowl is a high school football all-American game. Due to its distinction as \"\"Military City USA\"\" the bowl is held annually in San Antonio, Texas. Currently played in the Alamodome, the game brings together 90 of the nation's top high school football players in an East versus West matchup. In addition to the bowl game, there is the U.S. Army All-American Marching Band, which comprises 125 of the nation’s top high school marching musicians who perform during halftime of the U.S. Army All-American Bowl. The game enjoys a worldwide audience thanks to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11014280", "chunk_text": "\"Army–Navy Game\"\nmeet again in 1964 as First Class where Stichweh's Army would defeat Staubach's Navy. In that game, Calvin Huey of Navy became the first African-American to play in the series. Staubach went on to serve in the Navy and afterward became a Pro Football Hall of Fame quarterback with the Dallas Cowboys. Stichweh served five years in Vietnam with the 173rd Airborne Brigade. Stichweh was inducted into the Army Sports Hall of Fame in 2012. On December 10, 2016, Army defeated Navy for the first time since 2001 with a 21-17 victory snapping its 14 losing streak against Navy. Army–Navy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5640924", "chunk_text": "\"United States Military Academy\"\n(Firstie) class academically), and the \"\"Engineers\"\" (the top half). The game is played with full pads and helmets using eight-man football rules. The location has changed over the years, with recent venues being Shea Stadium, Michie Stadium, and Daly Field. Legend states that Army will beat Navy if the goats win, and the opposite if the engineers win. In recent years, female cadets have begun playing a flag football contest, so there are now two Goat-Engineer games, played consecutively the same night. From the earliest days of the academy, one form of punishment for cadets who commit regulatory infractions has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9595681", "chunk_text": "\"Army–Navy Game\"\ngame occasionally had national championship implications. However, since 1963, only the 1996, 2010, 2016 and 2017 games have seen both teams enter with winning records. Nonetheless, the game is considered a college football institution. It has aired nationally on radio since 1930, and has been nationally televised every year since 1945. Some participants in the Army–Navy Game have gone on to professional football careers. Quarterback Roger Staubach (Navy, 1965) went on to a Hall of Fame career with the Dallas Cowboys that included starting at quarterback in two Super Bowl victories including being named the Most Valuable Player of Super", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15638195", "chunk_text": "\"Michie Stadium\"\non-campus facility since very early in the rivalry, since teams' home stadiums are not nearly large enough to accommodate the crowds and media that usually attend the rivalry games. Their rivalry game is normally played at a neutral site between the campuses on the East Coast, usually in Philadelphia in early December. Michie Stadium Michie Stadium is an outdoor football stadium on the campus of the U.S. Military Academy in West Point, New York. The home field for the Army Black Knights, it opened in 1924 and has a current seating capacity of 38,000. The stadium sits at the upper", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11014260", "chunk_text": "\"Army–Navy Game\"\nthe last regular-season game played in Division I FBS football. With the permanent expansion of the regular season to 12 games starting in 2006, several conference championship games joined the Army–Navy Game on its then-current date of the first weekend of December. In 2009, the game was moved from the first Saturday in December to the second Saturday; this means that it no longer conflicts with conference championship games and once again is the last non-bowl contest in college football. For much of the first half of the 20th century, both Army and Navy were often national powers, and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15158061", "chunk_text": "\"Warrior Games\"\nIt was held June 19–28 at the Marine Corps Base Quantico in Virginia. Teams from the Army, Marine Corps, Navy/Coast Guard, Air Force, Special Operations Command, and the British Armed Forces took part, competing in eight adaptive sports. In 2016, the event took place on June 15–21 at United States Military Academy in West Point, New York and was hosted by the United States Army. Jon Stewart emceed the ceremonies. In 2017, the event took place in Chicago and was hosted by the United States Navy. Chicago was chosen by the Navy over seven other potential sites in the United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4387893", "chunk_text": "\"2013 Armed Forces Bowl\"\nthe bowl in 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2012, with Army reaching the bowl in 2010). 2013 Armed Forces Bowl The 2013 Armed Forces Bowl was an American college football bowl game that was played on December 30, 2013, at Amon G. Carter Stadium on the campus of Texas Christian University in Fort Worth, Texas. The eleventh edition of the Armed Forces Bowl (which was originally known as the Fort Worth Bowl), it featured the Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders of Conference USA against the Navy Midshipmen, an independent team. It began at 10:45 a.m. CST and aired on ESPN. It was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18571698", "chunk_text": "\"Army Black Knights football\"\nThis series is one of the oldest and traditional rivalries in the NCAA. They first met in 1890, and have played each other annually since 1930. The games are generally played at a neutral site. Navy leads the series 60–52–7 through the 2018 season. Notre Dame is a rivalry which some feel has fallen into obscurity. In much of the early 20th century, Army and Notre Dame were considered football powerhouses, and met 34 times between 1913 and 1947. Though the rivalry has slowed down, they last met in 2016. Many media members considered the 1946 contest to be the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16752153", "chunk_text": "\"2012 Military Bowl\"\nthe regular season, while the Falcons accepted after earning an 8–4 record on theirs. This was the first Military Bowl appearance as well as the first meeting between these two teams. It proved to be the last edition of the Military Bowl played at RFK Stadium. On May 20, 2013, the bowl announced that future editions would be held at Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium in Annapolis, Maryland. Under normal circumstances, the 2012 game would have been between the eighth bowl-eligible team from the Atlantic Coast Conference and Army. However, the Army Black Knights were not bowl eligible because of their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "560792", "chunk_text": "\"Navy Midshipmen football\"\nthe United States Air Force Academy (Air Force). Navy controlled the trophy from 2003 to 2009, marking one of the longest times any academy has had possession of the prestigious trophy. Typically, the Navy–Air Force game is played in early October followed by Army-Navy in early December. When Navy has possession of the trophy, it is displayed in a glass case in Bancroft Hall, the Midshipmen's dormitory. Navy has won 15 Commander-in-Chief's Trophies (1973, 1975, 1978, 1979, 1981, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2013, 2015). Navy has played Notre Dame in 87 annual games without interruption since", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1855777", "chunk_text": "\"Armed Forces Bowl\"\nArmed Forces Bowl The Armed Forces Bowl, formerly the Fort Worth Bowl from 2003 to 2005, is an annual postseason college football bowl game played in the 44,008-seat Amon G. Carter Stadium on the campus of Texas Christian University in Fort Worth, Texas. First played in 2003, the game features teams from a variety of collegiate football conferences; in addition, the independent United States Military Academy (Army) is also eligible to participate. Since 2014, the game has been sponsored by Lockheed Martin and officially known as the \"\"Lockheed Martin Armed Forces Bowl\"\". Previous sponsors include Bell Helicopter (2006–2013) and PlainsCapital", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3520226", "chunk_text": "\"2014 Military Bowl\"\nBowl. After finishing their regular season with a 6–6 record, the Hokies accepted their invitation to play in the game. After finishing their regular season with a 9–3 record and winning the American Athletic Conference co-championship, the Bearcats accepted their invitation to play in the game. Source: 2014 Military Bowl The 2014 Military Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 27, 2014 at Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium on the campus of the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland in the United States. The seventh annual Military Bowl, it pitted the Virginia Tech Hokies of the Atlantic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3052925", "chunk_text": "\"Armed Forces Classic\"\nfor the event in several respects. It was the first to feature two games, and also the first not to be played at a military base, with games held at Stan Sheriff Center on the campus of the University of Hawaii at Mānoa in Honolulu. Additionally, it was the first time tickets were sold to the general public, although all seats in the arena's lower bowl were reserved for military personnel and their families. The event was held in Honolulu to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the attack on Pearl Harbor; surrounding events were held at Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16761935", "chunk_text": "\"Army Rugby Football Club\"\nArmy's rugby team was briefly suspended in 2013 after several team members violated the Army's code of conduct by forwarding inappropriate emails. In 2014, Army reached the ACRC Bowl final, before falling to Life University. Army also plays in rugby sevens tournaments, including the Collegiate Rugby Championship, the highest profile college rugby tournament in the U.S., reaching the finals in 2011. The Collegiate Rugby Championship is played every year in early June at PPL Park in Philadelphia, and is broadcast live on NBC. Army has established a rivalry against Navy at the CRC 7s tournament. They won the inaugural Military", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_322	dendrites and cell bodies are components of what type of matter found in the brain?	n/a	[ "gray", "Grey matter" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1226880", "chunk_text": "\"Grey matter\"\nGrey matter Grey matter (or gray matter) is a major component of the central nervous system, consisting of neuronal cell bodies, neuropil (dendrites and myelinated as well as unmyelinated axons), glial cells (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes), synapses, and capillaries. Grey matter is distinguished from white matter in that it contains numerous cell bodies and relatively few myelinated axons, while white matter contains relatively few cell bodies and is composed chiefly of long-range myelinated axon tracts. The colour difference arises mainly from the whiteness of myelin. In living tissue, grey matter actually has a very light grey colour with yellowish or pinkish", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1226888", "chunk_text": "\"Grey matter\"\nmeans \"\"ash-coloured\"\". Grey matter Grey matter (or gray matter) is a major component of the central nervous system, consisting of neuronal cell bodies, neuropil (dendrites and myelinated as well as unmyelinated axons), glial cells (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes), synapses, and capillaries. Grey matter is distinguished from white matter in that it contains numerous cell bodies and relatively few myelinated axons, while white matter contains relatively few cell bodies and is composed chiefly of long-range myelinated axon tracts. The colour difference arises mainly from the whiteness of myelin. In living tissue, grey matter actually has a very light grey colour with yellowish", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10588589", "chunk_text": "\"White matter\"\nsometimes appear darker than grey matter on a microscope slide because of the type of stain used. Cerebral- and spinal white matter do not contain dendrites, neural cell bodies, or shorter axons, which can only be found in grey matter. White matter forms the bulk of the deep parts of the brain and the superficial parts of the spinal cord. Aggregates of grey matter such as the basal ganglia (caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus, nucleus accumbens) and brainstem nuclei (red nucleus, cranial nerve nuclei) are spread within the cerebral white matter. The cerebellum is structured in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "155501", "chunk_text": "Dendrin\nof the brain, but is very abundant in the parts of the brain where it is known to be expressed. Within these known locations in the brain, dendrin is associated with the actin cytoskeleton. Dendrin is found in the neuron's cell body and its dendrites. This is the part of the cell that helps it to retain its structure and move other molecules throughout the cell. MAGI/S-SCAM is a component of the cytoskeleton that is used to keep dendrin in the cytoplasm of a neuron, and prevents the protein from diffusing into the nucleus. Because of this location in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4344921", "chunk_text": "\"Cerebral cortex\"\nthe sulci. The cerebral cortex contains a large number of neuronal and glial cell bodies, as well as their intricate dendritic formations and axonal projections, which connect at synapses to form basic functional circuits. The cerebral cortex is entirely made of gray matter, contrasting with the underlying white matter, which consists mainly of axons traveling to and from the cortex, their myelinated sheaths, and the cell bodies of oligodendrocytes. The cerebral cortex is the outer covering of the surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres and is folded into peaks called gyri, and grooves called sulci. It is between two and three", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2497486", "chunk_text": "Brain\nof the brain consists of areas of so-called grey matter, with a dark color, separated by areas of white matter, with a lighter color. Further information can be gained by staining slices of brain tissue with a variety of chemicals that bring out areas where specific types of molecules are present in high concentrations. It is also possible to examine the microstructure of brain tissue using a microscope, and to trace the pattern of connections from one brain area to another. The brains of all species are composed primarily of two broad classes of cells: neurons and glial cells. Glial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5135019", "chunk_text": "Neuropil\nNeuropil Neuropil (or \"\"neuropile\"\") is any area in the nervous system composed of mostly unmyelinated axons, dendrites and glial cell processes that forms a synaptically dense region containing a relatively low number of cell bodies. The most prevalent anatomical region of neuropil is the brain which, although not completely composed of neuropil, does have the largest and highest synaptically-concentrated areas of neuropil in the body. For example, the neocortex and olfactory bulb both contain neuropil. White matter, which is mostly composed of axons and glial cells, is generally not considered to be a part of the neuropil. Neuropil (pl. neuropils)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17293546", "chunk_text": "\"Human brain\"\nthe DLPFC, inferior frontal gyrus, and areas of the parietal cortex. Inhibitory control involves multiple areas of the prefrontal cortex, as well as the caudate nucleus and subthalamic nucleus. Brain activity is made possible by the interconnections of neurons that are linked together to reach their targets. A neuron consists of a cell body, axon, and dendrites. Dendrites are often extensive branches that receive information in the form of signals from the axon terminals of other neurons. The signals received may cause the neuron to initiate an action potential (an electrochemical signal or nerve impulse) which is sent along its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12658101", "chunk_text": "Neuroscience\nbody, consisting of dendrites (specialized to receive synaptic inputs from other neurons) and axons (specialized to conduct nerve impulses called action potentials) – and somas (the cell bodies of the neurons containing the nucleus), and how neurotransmitters and electrical signals are used to process information in a neuron. Another major area of neuroscience is directed at investigations of the development of the nervous system. These questions include the patterning and regionalization of the nervous system, neural stem cells, differentiation of neurons and glia, neuronal migration, axonal and dendritic development, trophic interactions, and synapse formation. Computational neurogenetic modeling is concerned with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12193673", "chunk_text": "\"White matter\"\nthe two hemispheres in the brain's largest white tissue structure, the corpus callosum. Schüz and Braitenberg note \"\"As a rough rule, the number of fibres of a certain range of lengths is inversely proportional to their length.\"\" White matter in nonelderly adults is 1.7–3.6% blood. The other main component of the brain is grey matter (actually pinkish tan due to blood capillaries), which is composed of neurons. The substantia nigra is a third colored component found in the brain that appears darker due to higher levels of melanin in dopaminergic neurons than its nearby areas. Note that white matter can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "959170", "chunk_text": "\"Dendritic spine\"\nneocortex in which all cellular objects (axons, dendrites, and glia) and many sub-cellular components (synapses, synaptic vesicles, spines, spine apparati, postsynaptic densities, and mitochondria) are rendered and itemized in a database. By tracing the trajectories of all excitatory axons and noting their juxtapositions, both synaptic and non-synaptic, with every dendritic spine the study refutes the idea that physical proximity is sufficient to predict synaptic connectivity (the so-called Peters’ rule). Dendritic spine A dendritic spine (or spine) is a small membranous protrusion from a neuron's dendrite that typically receives input from a single axon at the synapse. Dendritic spines serve as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "155500", "chunk_text": "Dendrin\nspecific part of the brain and specific parts of the kidneys. Within the brain, dendrin is normally found in the forebrain and hippocampus and in the kidneys, dendrin is normally found in the slit diaphragm and podocytes. It is believed that the location of this protein may directly affect its function, both in the brain and in the kidneys. Dendrin is a postsynaptic protein that is found in the forebrain and hippocampus. Specifically in the forebrain, dendrin is found in the cerebral cortex and the subcortical forebrain plus midbrain areas (SFMA). Dendrin has yet to be found in other parts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10895761", "chunk_text": "\"Human brain\"\nis the outermost membrane of the cortex. The living brain is very soft, having a gel-like consistency similar to soft tofu. The cortical layers of neurons constitute much of the brain's grey matter, while the deeper subcortical regions of myelinated axons, make up the white matter. The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain, and is divided into nearly symmetrical left and right hemispheres by a deep groove, the longitudinal fissure. The outer part of the cerebrum is the cerebral cortex, made up of grey matter arranged in layers. It is thick, and deeply folded to give a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10651189", "chunk_text": "\"Grey matter\"\nhues, which come from capillary blood vessels and neuronal cell bodies. Grey matter refers to unmyelinated neurons and other cells of the central nervous system. It is present in the brain, brainstem and cerebellum, and present throughout the spinal cord. Grey matter is distributed at the surface of the cerebral hemispheres (cerebral cortex) and of the cerebellum (cerebellar cortex), as well as in the depths of the cerebrum (thalamus; hypothalamus; subthalamus, basal ganglia – putamen, globus pallidus, nucleus accumbens; septal nuclei), cerebellar (deep cerebellar nuclei – dentate nucleus, globose nucleus, emboliform nucleus, fastigial nucleus), brainstem (substantia nigra, red nucleus, olivary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7673440", "chunk_text": "\"Nervous system\"\nin the periphery (for senses such as hearing) as part of the PNS; others, however, omit them. The vertebrate nervous system can also be divided into areas called grey matter (\"\"gray matter\"\" in American spelling) and white matter. Grey matter (which is only grey in preserved tissue, and is better described as pink or light brown in living tissue) contains a high proportion of cell bodies of neurons. White matter is composed mainly of myelinated axons, and takes its color from the myelin. White matter includes all of the nerves, and much of the interior of the brain and spinal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8656933", "chunk_text": "\"Nucleus (neuroanatomy)\"\nNucleus (neuroanatomy) In neuroanatomy, a nucleus (plural form: nuclei) is a cluster of neurons in the central nervous system, located deep within the cerebral hemispheres and brainstem. The neurons in one nucleus usually have roughly similar connections and functions. Nuclei are connected to other nuclei by tracts, the bundles (fascicles) of axons (nerve fibers) extending from the cell bodies. A nucleus is one of the two most common forms of nerve cell organization, the other being layered structures such as the cerebral cortex or cerebellar cortex. In anatomical sections, a nucleus shows up as a region of gray matter, often", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9679452", "chunk_text": "Dendrite\nDendrite Dendrites (from Greek δένδρον \"\"déndron\"\", \"\"tree\"\"), also dendrons, are branched protoplasmic extensions of a nerve cell that propagate the electrochemical stimulation received from other neural cells to the cell body, or soma, of the neuron from which the dendrites project. Electrical stimulation is transmitted onto dendrites by upstream neurons (usually their axons) via synapses which are located at various points throughout the dendritic tree. Dendrites play a critical role in integrating these synaptic inputs and in determining the extent to which action potentials are produced by the neuron. Dendritic arborization, also known as dendritic branching, is a multi-step biological", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11250293", "chunk_text": "\"Dendritic spine\"\nfrom axons although sometimes both inhibitory and excitatory connections are made onto the same spine head. Spines are found on the dendrites of most principal neurons in the brain, including the pyramidal neurons of the neocortex, the medium spiny neurons of the striatum, and the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. Dendritic spines occur at a density of up to 5 spines/1 µm stretch of dendrite. Hippocampal and cortical pyramidal neurons may receive tens of thousands of mostly excitatory inputs from other neurons onto their equally numerous spines, whereas the number of spines on Purkinje neuron dendrites is an order of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13847349", "chunk_text": "Brain\nBrain The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. The brain is located in the head, usually close to the sensory organs for senses such as vision. The brain is the most complex organ in a vertebrate's body. In a human, the cerebral cortex contains approximately 14–16 billion neurons, and the estimated number of neurons in the cerebellum is 55–70 billion. Each neuron is connected by synapses to several thousand other neurons. These neurons communicate with one another by means of long protoplasmic fibers called axons, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12193672", "chunk_text": "\"White matter\"\nprepared specimens is due to its usual preservation in formaldehyde. White matter is composed of bundles, which connect various gray matter areas (the locations of nerve cell bodies) of the brain to each other, and carry nerve impulses between neurons. Myelin acts as an insulator, which allows electrical signals to jump, rather than coursing through the axon, increasing the speed of transmission of all nerve signals. The total number of long range fibers within a cerebral hemisphere is 2% of the total number of cortico-cortical fibers (across cortical areas) and is roughly the same number as those that communicate between", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11937", "chunk_text": "Brain\nthe tanning of their own hides. Brain The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. The brain is located in the head, usually close to the sensory organs for senses such as vision. The brain is the most complex organ in a vertebrate's body. In a human, the cerebral cortex contains approximately 14–16 billion neurons, and the estimated number of neurons in the cerebellum is 55–70 billion. Each neuron is connected by synapses to several thousand other neurons. These neurons communicate with one another by means of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12193671", "chunk_text": "\"White matter\"\nWhite matter White matter refers to areas of the central nervous system (CNS) that are mainly made up of myelinated axons, also called tracts. Long thought to be passive tissue, white matter affects learning and brain functions, modulating the distribution of action potentials, acting as a relay and coordinating communication between different brain regions. White matter is named for its relatively light appearance resulting from the lipid content of myelin. However, the tissue of the freshly cut brain appears pinkish white to the naked eye because myelin is composed largely of lipid tissue veined with capillaries. Its white color in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10651191", "chunk_text": "\"Grey matter\"\nchildhood and adolescence. Recent studies using cross-sectional neuroimaging have shown that by around the age of 8 the volume of grey matter begins to decrease. However, the density of grey matter appears to increase as a child develops into early adulthood. Males tend to exhibit grey matter of increased volume but lower density than that of females. Grey matter contains most of the brain's neuronal cell bodies. The grey matter includes regions of the brain involved in muscle control, and sensory perception such as seeing and hearing, memory, emotions, speech, decision making, and self-control. The grey matter in the spinal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10895752", "chunk_text": "\"Human brain\"\nHuman brain The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system. The brain consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum. It controls most of the activities of the body, processing, integrating, and coordinating the information it receives from the sense organs, and making decisions as to the instructions sent to the rest of the body. The brain is contained in, and protected by, the skull bones of the head. The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain. It is divided into two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14359682", "chunk_text": "\"Neuron doctrine\"\nto use to explain the direct observations, and other elements try to explain observations so that they are compatible with cell theory. Neural units The brain is made up of individual units that contain specialized features such as dendrites, a cell body, and an axon. Neurons are cells These individual units are cells as understood from other tissues in the body. Specialization These units may differ in size, shape, and structure according to their location or functional specialization. Nucleus is key The nucleus is the trophic center for the cell. If the cell is divided only the portion containing the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20773607", "chunk_text": "\"Nervous tissue\"\nPNS are satellite cells and Schwann cells. In the central nervous system (CNS), the tissue types found are grey matter and white matter. The tissue is categorized by its neuronal and neuroglial components. Neurons are cells with specialized features that allow them to receive and facilitate nerve impulses, or action potentials, across their membrane to the next neuron. They possess a large cell body (soma), with cell projections called dendrites and an axon. Dendrites are thin, branching projections that receive electrochemical signaling (neurotransmitters) to create a change in voltage in the cell. Axons are long projections that carry the action", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8397280", "chunk_text": "Dendrite\nresult of physiological conditions induced by hormones during periods such as pregnancy, lactation, and following the estrous cycle. This is particularly visible in pyramidal cells of the CA1 region of the hippocampus, where the density of dendrites can vary up to 30%. Dendrite Dendrites (from Greek δένδρον \"\"déndron\"\", \"\"tree\"\"), also dendrons, are branched protoplasmic extensions of a nerve cell that propagate the electrochemical stimulation received from other neural cells to the cell body, or soma, of the neuron from which the dendrites project. Electrical stimulation is transmitted onto dendrites by upstream neurons (usually their axons) via synapses which are located", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17011298", "chunk_text": "\"Apical dendrite\"\nApical dendrite An apical dendrite is a dendrite that emerges from the apex of a pyramidal cell. Apical dendrites are one of two primary categories of dendrites, and they distinguish the pyramidal cells from spiny stellate cells in the cortices. Pyramidal cells are found in the prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus, the entorhinal cortex, the olfactory cortex, and other areas. Dendrite arbors formed by apical dendrites are the means by which synaptic inputs into a cell are integrated. The apical dendrites in these regions contribute significantly to memory, learning, and sensory associations by modulating the excitatory and inhibitory signals received by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10494109", "chunk_text": "\"Aging brain\"\nto 1% per year, whereas others remain relatively stable until the end of the life-span. The brain is very complex, and is composed of many different areas and types of tissue, or matter. The different functions of different tissues in the brain may be more or less susceptible to age-induced changes. The brain matter can be broadly classified as either grey matter, or white matter. Grey matter consists of cell bodies in the cortex and subcortical nuclei, whereas white matter consists of tightly packed myelinated axons connecting the neurons of the cerebral cortex to each other and with the periphery.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11009", "chunk_text": "Brain\nstages of brain development, the three areas are roughly equal in size. In many classes of vertebrates, such as fish and amphibians, the three parts remain similar in size in the adult, but in mammals the forebrain becomes much larger than the other parts, and the midbrain becomes very small. The brains of vertebrates are made of very soft tissue. Living brain tissue is pinkish on the outside and mostly white on the inside, with subtle variations in color. Vertebrate brains are surrounded by a system of connective tissue membranes called meninges that separate the skull from the brain. Blood", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10588595", "chunk_text": "\"White matter\"\naxon might cause the change. A more recent DTI study by Sampaio-Baptista and colleagues reported changes in white matter with motor learning along with increases in myelination. White matter White matter refers to areas of the central nervous system (CNS) that are mainly made up of myelinated axons, also called tracts. Long thought to be passive tissue, white matter affects learning and brain functions, modulating the distribution of action potentials, acting as a relay and coordinating communication between different brain regions. White matter is named for its relatively light appearance resulting from the lipid content of myelin. However, the tissue", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8059588", "chunk_text": "Neocortex\nvariables such as group size and the complexity of social mating behaviors. (See Dunbar's number) Humans have a large neocortex as a percentage of total brain matter when compared with other mammals. For example, there is only a 30:1 ratio of neocortical gray matter to the size of the medulla in the brainstem of chimpanzees, while the ratio is 60:1 in humans. Neocortex The neocortex, also called the neopallium and isocortex, is the part of the mammalian brain involved in higher-order brain functions such as sensory perception, cognition, generation of motor commands, spatial reasoning and language. The neocortex is further", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17011299", "chunk_text": "\"Apical dendrite\"\nthe pyramidal cells. Two types of dendrites present on pyramidal cells are apical and basal dendrites. Apical dendrites can be divided into two categories: distal and proximal. The longer distal apical dendrites project from the pyramidal cell body (soma) opposite from the axon. Distal apical dendrites form non-local synapses. Shorter proximal apical dendrites project radially to local pyramidal cells and interneurons. Pyramidal neurons segregate their inputs using proximal and apical dendrites. Apical dendrites are studied in many ways. In cellular analysis, the electrical properties of the dendrite are studied using stimulus responses. A single surface shock of the cerebral cortex", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9679453", "chunk_text": "Dendrite\nprocess by which neurons form new dendritic trees and branches to create new synapses. The morphology of dendrites such as branch density and grouping patterns are highly correlated to the function of the neuron. Malformation of dendrites is also tightly correlated to impaired nervous system function. Some disorders that are associated with the malformation of dendrites are autism, depression, schizophrenia, Down syndrome and anxiety. Certain classes of dendrites contain small projections referred to as dendritic spines that increase receptive properties of dendrites to isolate signal specificity. Increased neural activity and the establishment of long-term potentiation at dendritic spines change the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "155499", "chunk_text": "Dendrin\ndendrin. Most notably, the greatest protein was found in the forebrain and hippocampus. After this initial study, it was assumed that dendrin was located only in the brain. However, in 2006, Kawata et al. found that the dendrin protein is also located in the kidneys. A yeast two-hybrid screening of kidney cDNA proved to find dendrin in the kidney podocytes, where it connects to cytoskeleton proteins: S-S-SCAM and CIN85. It is now known that dendrin is found in the brain and kidneys, but it is not expressed everywhere in these two organs. Dendrin has only been found in a very", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8059575", "chunk_text": "Neocortex\nNeocortex The neocortex, also called the neopallium and isocortex, is the part of the mammalian brain involved in higher-order brain functions such as sensory perception, cognition, generation of motor commands, spatial reasoning and language. The neocortex is further subdivided into the true isocortex and the proisocortex. In the human brain, the neocortex is the largest part of the cerebral cortex which is the outer layer of the cerebrum, with the allocortex making up the rest. The neocortex is made up of six layers, labelled from the outermost inwards, I to VI. Of all the mammals studied to date (including humans),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4725383", "chunk_text": "\"Dendritic spine\"\nDendritic spine A dendritic spine (or spine) is a small membranous protrusion from a neuron's dendrite that typically receives input from a single axon at the synapse. Dendritic spines serve as a storage site for synaptic strength and help transmit electrical signals to the neuron's cell body. Most spines have a bulbous head (the spine head), and a thin neck that connects the head of the spine to the shaft of the dendrite. The dendrites of a single neuron can contain hundreds to thousands of spines. In addition to spines providing an anatomical substrate for memory storage and synaptic transmission,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11772946", "chunk_text": "Dendrite\nto a dendrite, or dendrodendritic, involving signaling between dendrites. An autapse is a synapse in which the axon of one neuron transmits signals to its own dendrites. There are three main types of neurons; multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar. Multipolar neurons, such as the one shown in the image, are composed of one axon and many dendritic trees. Pyramidal cells are multipolar cortical neurons with pyramid shaped cell bodies and large dendrites called apical dendrites that extend to the surface of the cortex. Bipolar neurons have one axon and one dendritic tree at opposing ends of the cell body. Unipolar neurons", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17293594", "chunk_text": "\"Human brain\"\nprimates. Human brain The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system. The brain consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum. It controls most of the activities of the body, processing, integrating, and coordinating the information it receives from the sense organs, and making decisions as to the instructions sent to the rest of the body. The brain is contained in, and protected by, the skull bones of the head. The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain. It is divided into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17855797", "chunk_text": "\"Cerebral cortex\"\nalso associated with FASD. Improper neuronal migration and synaptogenesis have been shown to occur is several cases of FASD, which could explain the extreme deficits in learning and memory. The cerebral cortex is derived from the pallium, a layered structure found in the forebrain of all vertebrates. The basic form of the pallium is a cylindrical layer enclosing fluid-filled ventricles. Around the circumference of the cylinder are four zones, the dorsal pallium, medial pallium, ventral pallium, and lateral pallium, which are thought respectively to give rise to the neocortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and olfactory cortex. Until recently no counterpart to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16078463", "chunk_text": "\"GENESIS (software)\"\nthe ways in which one neuron communicates with another through synaptic connections and the process called synaptic transmission\"\". Neurons have a specialized structure for their function, they \"\"are different from most other cells in the body in that they are polarized and have distinct morphological regions, each with specific functions\"\". The two important regions of a neuron are the dendrite and the axon. \"\"Dendrites are the region where one neuron receives connections from other neurons. The cell body or soma contains the nucleus and the other organelles necessary for cellular function. The axon is a key component of nerve cells", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17011385", "chunk_text": "\"Apical dendrite\"\nelectrical functional alterations thus generates the fields of electromagnetic potentials or electromagnetic dipoles. These can be defined also as single equivalent dipoles. Apical dendrite An apical dendrite is a dendrite that emerges from the apex of a pyramidal cell. Apical dendrites are one of two primary categories of dendrites, and they distinguish the pyramidal cells from spiny stellate cells in the cortices. Pyramidal cells are found in the prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus, the entorhinal cortex, the olfactory cortex, and other areas. Dendrite arbors formed by apical dendrites are the means by which synaptic inputs into a cell are integrated. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10895753", "chunk_text": "\"Human brain\"\ncerebral hemispheres. The cerebral cortex is an outer layer of grey matter, covering the core of white matter. The cortex is split into the neocortex and the much smaller allocortex. The neocortex is made up of six neuronal layers, while the allocortex has three or four. Each hemisphere is conventionally divided into four lobes – the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. The frontal lobe is associated with executive functions including self-control, planning, reasoning, and abstract thought, while the occipital lobe is dedicated to vision. Within each lobe, cortical areas are associated with specific functions, such as the sensory, motor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13847379", "chunk_text": "Brain\ncontain the medulla oblongata). Each of these areas contains proliferative zones where neurons and glial cells are generated; the resulting cells then migrate, sometimes for long distances, to their final positions. Once a neuron is in place, it extends dendrites and an axon into the area around it. Axons, because they commonly extend a great distance from the cell body and need to reach specific targets, grow in a particularly complex way. The tip of a growing axon consists of a blob of protoplasm called a growth cone, studded with chemical receptors. These receptors sense the local environment, causing the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10588590", "chunk_text": "\"White matter\"\na similar manner as the cerebrum, with a superficial mantle of cerebellar cortex, deep cerebellar white matter (called the \"\"arbor vitae\"\") and aggregates of grey matter surrounded by deep cerebellar white matter (dentate nucleus, globose nucleus, emboliform nucleus, and fastigial nucleus). The fluid-filled cerebral ventricles (lateral ventricles, third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, fourth ventricle) are also located deep within the cerebral white matter. Men have more white matter than females both in volume and in length of myelinated axons. At the age of 20, the total length of myelinated fibers in males is 176,000 km while that of a female is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8057551", "chunk_text": "Cerebrum\ncerebellum, the cerebrum controls all voluntary actions in the body. The Latin word cerebrum comes . The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. Depending upon the position of the animal it lies either in front or on top of the brainstem. In humans, the cerebrum is the largest and best-developed of the five major divisions of the brain. The cerebrum is made up of the two cerebral hemispheres and their cortices, (the outer layers of grey matter), and the underlying regions of white matter. Its subcortical structures include the hippocampus, basal ganglia and olfactory bulb. The cerebrum consists", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2497485", "chunk_text": "Brain\na number of principles of brain architecture that apply across a wide range of species. Some aspects of brain structure are common to almost the entire range of animal species; others distinguish \"\"advanced\"\" brains from more primitive ones, or distinguish vertebrates from invertebrates. The simplest way to gain information about brain anatomy is by visual inspection, but many more sophisticated techniques have been developed. Brain tissue in its natural state is too soft to work with, but it can be hardened by immersion in alcohol or other fixatives, and then sliced apart for examination of the interior. Visually, the interior", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13847378", "chunk_text": "Brain\nthe groove merge to enclose the neural tube, a hollow cord of cells with a fluid-filled ventricle at the center. At the front end, the ventricles and cord swell to form three vesicles that are the precursors of the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. At the next stage, the forebrain splits into two vesicles called the telencephalon (which will contain the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and related structures) and the diencephalon (which will contain the thalamus and hypothalamus). At about the same time, the hindbrain splits into the metencephalon (which will contain the cerebellum and pons) and the myelencephalon (which will", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8656934", "chunk_text": "\"Nucleus (neuroanatomy)\"\nbordered by white matter. The vertebrate brain contains hundreds of distinguishable nuclei, varying widely in shape and size. A nucleus may itself have a complex internal structure, with multiple types of neurons arranged in clumps (subnuclei) or layers. The term \"\"nucleus\"\" is in some cases used rather loosely, to mean simply an identifiably distinct group of neurons, even if they are spread over an extended area. The reticular nucleus of the thalamus, for example, is a thin layer of inhibitory neurons that surrounds the thalamus. Some of the major anatomical components of the brain are organized as clusters of interconnected", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18040301", "chunk_text": "\"Stellate cell\"\nStellate cell Stellate cells are any neuron in the central nervous system that have a star-like shape formed by dendritic processes radiating from the cell body. Many Stellate cells are GABAergic and are located in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. Stellate cells are derived from dividing progenitors in the white matter of postnatal cerebellum. Dendritic trees can vary between neurons. There are two types of dendritic trees in the cerebral cortex, which include pyramidal cells, which are pyramid shaped and stellate cells which are star shaped. Dendrites can also aid neuron classification. Dendrites with spines are classified as spiny,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_323	how long is the famous suspension bridge in san francisco and what is it called?	n/a	[ "one-mile-wide", "Golden Gate Bridge" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17777714", "chunk_text": "\"Architecture of San Francisco\"\nfor the design elements featured in the Golden Gate today. By 1930, the Golden Gate project had gained sufficient support from the public to ensure passage of a 35 million bond to finance the construction of the bridge. Construction of the bridge started in 1933 and would last until May 27, 1937. It was the longest suspension bridge in the world, and was considered a masterful feat of architectural engineering, designed to hold 5,700 lb/ft on its roadway and 2,000 lb/ft on its walkways. Architecture of San Francisco The architecture of San Francisco is not so much known for defining", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8531923", "chunk_text": "\"Golden Gate Bridge\"\ntravel guide describes the Golden Gate Bridge as \"\"possibly the most beautiful, certainly the most photographed, bridge in the world.\"\" At the time of its opening in 1937, it was both the longest and the tallest suspension bridge in the world, with a main span of and a total height of . Before the bridge was built, the only practical short route between San Francisco and what is now Marin County was by boat across a section of San Francisco Bay. A ferry service began as early as 1820, with a regularly scheduled service beginning in the 1840s for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15701944", "chunk_text": "\"Golden Gate Bridge\"\nGolden Gate Bridge The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the strait connecting San Francisco Bay and the Pacific Ocean. The structure links the American city of San Francisco, California – the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula – to Marin County, carrying both U.S. Route 101 and California State Route 1 across the strait. The bridge is one of the most internationally recognized symbols of San Francisco, California, and the United States. It has been declared one of the Wonders of the Modern World by the American Society of Civil Engineers. The Frommer's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7540990", "chunk_text": "\"Golden Gate Bridge\"\nstated that uncontrolled pedestrian access was not being considered as part of the 75th anniversary on Sunday, May 27, 2012, because of the additional law enforcement costs required \"\"since 9/11\"\". Until 1964, the Golden Gate Bridge had the longest suspension bridge main span in the world, at . Since 1964 its main span length has been surpassed by thirteen bridges; it now has the second-longest main span in the United States, after the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge in New York City. The total length of the Golden Gate Bridge from abutment to abutment is . The Golden Gate Bridge's clearance above high", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4809619", "chunk_text": "\"Golden Gate\"\nthe engraving is the USS Babcock, which served in the United States Navy from 1917 to 1919, and is seen passing through the Golden Gate into San Francisco Bay, its port of call. The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the opening of the San Francisco Bay onto the Pacific Ocean. As part of both US Highway 101 and California Route 1, it connects the city of San Francisco on the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula to Marin County. The Golden Gate Bridge was the longest suspension bridge span in the world when", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9251263", "chunk_text": "\"Golden Gate\"\ncompleted in 1937, and is an internationally recognized symbol of San Francisco and California in general. Since its completion, the span length has been surpassed by eight other bridges. It still has the second longest suspension bridge main span in the United States, after the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge in New York City. In 2007, it was ranked fifth on the \"\"List of America's Favorite Architecture\"\" by the American Institute of Architects. The Golden Gate strait serves as the primary access channel for nautical travel to and from the San Francisco Bay, one of the largest cargo ports in the United States.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14250639", "chunk_text": "\"San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge\"\nSan Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge The San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge, known locally as the Bay Bridge, is a complex of bridges spanning San Francisco Bay in California. As part of Interstate 80 and the direct road between San Francisco and Oakland, it carries about 260,000 vehicles a day on its two decks. It has one of the longest spans in the United States. The toll bridge was conceived as early as the gold rush days, but construction did not begin until 1933. Designed by Charles H. Purcell, and built by American Bridge Company, it opened on November 12, 1936, six months", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14250697", "chunk_text": "\"San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge\"\nin 2019, US$7 in 2022, and US$8 in 2025. Official sites: Journals: Media: Other: San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge The San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge, known locally as the Bay Bridge, is a complex of bridges spanning San Francisco Bay in California. As part of Interstate 80 and the direct road between San Francisco and Oakland, it carries about 260,000 vehicles a day on its two decks. It has one of the longest spans in the United States. The toll bridge was conceived as early as the gold rush days, but construction did not begin until 1933. Designed by Charles H. Purcell,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14672853", "chunk_text": "\"Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge\"\nmost expensive public works project in California history, with a final price tag of $6.5 billion, a 2,500% cost overrun from the original estimate of $250 million. Originally scheduled to open in 2007, several problems delayed the opening until September 2, 2013. With a width of , comprising 10 general-purpose lanes, it is currently the world's widest bridge, according to Guinness World Records. The Bay Bridge has two major sections: the western suspension spans and their approach structures between San Francisco and Yerba Buena Island (YBI) and the structures between YBI and the eastern terminus in Oakland. The original eastern", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1114642", "chunk_text": "\"San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge\"\ncutting torch. The \"\"San Francisco Chronicle\"\" report of November 13, 1936, read: The total cost was US$77 million. Before opening the bridge was blessed by Cardinal Secretary of State Eugene Cardinal Pacelli, later Pope Pius XII. Because it was in effect two bridges strung together, the western spans were ranked the second and third largest suspension bridges. Only the George Washington Bridge had a longer span between towers. As part of the celebration a United States commemorative coin was produced by the San Francisco mint. A half dollar, the obverse portrays California's symbol, the grizzly bear, while the reverse presents", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12389729", "chunk_text": "\"Othmar Ammann\"\nlongest suspended span of , and the world's heaviest suspension bridge of its time. The Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge is currently the eleventh-longest span in the world and longest in the Western Hemisphere. Ammann also assisted in the building of the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, currently ranked twelfth. Ammann designed more than half of the eleven bridges that connect New York City to the rest of the United States. His talent and ingenuity helped him create the two longest suspension bridges of his time. Ammann was known for being able to create bridges that were light and inexpensive, yet they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7541029", "chunk_text": "\"Golden Gate Bridge\"\nfinished Presidio Parkway on the weekend of July 9–12, 2015. , an official at Caltrans said there is no plan to permanently rename the portion known as Doyle Drive. Golden Gate Bridge The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the strait connecting San Francisco Bay and the Pacific Ocean. The structure links the American city of San Francisco, California – the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula – to Marin County, carrying both U.S. Route 101 and California State Route 1 across the strait. The bridge is one of the most internationally recognized symbols", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14250655", "chunk_text": "\"San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge\"\nwas considered but rejected, as it would have required too much fill and reduced wharfage space at San Francisco, had less vertical clearance for shipping, and cost more than the design ultimately adopted. The solution was to construct a massive concrete anchorage halfway between San Francisco and the island, and to build a main suspension span on each side of this central anchorage. East of Yerba Buena Island, the bay to Oakland was spanned by a combination of double cantilever, five long-span through-trusses, and a truss causeway, forming the longest bridge of its kind at the time. The cantilever section", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14564323", "chunk_text": "\"San Mateo–Hayward Bridge\"\nbuild the first bridge. First-year operating revenues were anticipated to be $868,469 (equivalent to $ in ), but the original bridge lost money in its first year of operation. The original bridge, known as the San Francisco Bay toll bridge, opened on 1929-03-02 after approximately a year of construction. It was a privately owned venture and was then the longest bridge in the world. The original bridge was mostly a two-lane causeway trestle with five truss spans in the center incorporating a vertical lift over the main shipping channel. Clearance when the lift was down to allow road traffic over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14564321", "chunk_text": "\"San Mateo–Hayward Bridge\"\nSan Mateo–Hayward Bridge The San Mateo–Hayward Bridge (commonly called the San Mateo Bridge) is a bridge crossing the U.S. state of California's San Francisco Bay, linking the San Francisco Peninsula with the East Bay. The bridge's western end is in Foster City, a suburb on the eastern edge of San Mateo. The eastern end of the bridge is in Hayward. It is the longest bridge in California and the 25th longest in the world by length. The bridge is owned by the state of California, and is maintained by California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), the state highway agency. Further oversight", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7355606", "chunk_text": "\"San Mateo–Hayward Bridge\"\n1, 2019; to $7 on January 1, 2022; and then to $8 on January 1, 2025. San Mateo–Hayward Bridge The San Mateo–Hayward Bridge (commonly called the San Mateo Bridge) is a bridge crossing the U.S. state of California's San Francisco Bay, linking the San Francisco Peninsula with the East Bay. The bridge's western end is in Foster City, a suburb on the eastern edge of San Mateo. The eastern end of the bridge is in Hayward. It is the longest bridge in California and the 25th longest in the world by length. The bridge is owned by the state of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1991448", "chunk_text": "\"Carquinez Bridge\"\nbridge on November 15, but complications involving then just-recalled Governor Gray Davis and the transfer power to Arnold Schwarzenegger resulted in the date being moved. The coins minted to commemorate the event have the original date on them. The new suspension bridge, consists of the south anchorage, a transition pier, the South and North towers, and the north anchorage. It has spans of 147 m, 728 m, and 181 m. for a total span of . It features a pedestrian and bicycle path, part of a bike trail which it is hoped will eventually circle the entire Bay Area. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14250653", "chunk_text": "\"San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge\"\nits offices at 500 Sansome Street in San Francisco. During 1931, a series of aerial photographs was taken of the chosen route for the bridge and its approaches. The final design concept for the western span between San Francisco and Yerba Buena Island was still undecided in 1931, although the idea of a double-span suspension bridge was already favored. In April 1932, the preliminary final plan and design of the bridge was presented by Chief Engineer Charles Purcell to Col. Walter E. Garrison, Director of the State Department of Public Works, and to Ralph Modjeski, head of the Board of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20110476", "chunk_text": "\"Ralph Modjeski\"\n1907 disaster that killed 75 workers, and succeeded in creating the longest truss span in the world (though a construction accident killed another thirteen workers). It is still the longest cantilever bridge in the world. Modjeski was world-famous as a designer of bridges and rail lines. He pioneered suspension bridges. He built nearly 40 bridges spanning the great rivers of North America. He trained succeeding generations of American bridge designers and builders, including Joseph B. Strauss, chief engineer of San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge (which was completed six months after Modjeski's San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge). Modjeski was considered \"\"America's greatest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14250642", "chunk_text": "\"San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge\"\na reported cost of over $6.5 billion, a 2,500% cost overrun from the original estimate of $250 million. Unlike the western section and the original eastern section of the bridge, the new eastern section is a single deck with the eastbound and westbound lanes on each side making it the world's widest bridge, according to \"\"Guinness World Records\"\", as of 2014. Demolition of the old east span was completed on September 8, 2018. The bridge consists of two crossings, east and west of Yerba Buena Island, a natural mid-bay outcropping inside San Francisco city limits. The western crossing between Yerba", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4176776", "chunk_text": "\"Architecture of San Francisco\"\nmight. The Golden Gate Bridge is the most instantly recognizable structure in the city of San Francisco. The bridge spans almost two miles across the Golden Gate, the narrow strait where San Francisco Bay opens to meet the Pacific Ocean, connecting the city with Marin County, California. The concept of a Golden Gate Bridge started with a journalist named James Wilking. Wilking promoted the idea that a bridge across the Golden Gate would bring many benefits. The idea for this bridge had surfaced forty years earlier, but over time people had lost interest, at least until Wilking revived the idea.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1114671", "chunk_text": "\"San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge\"\nEmperor Norton issued three proclamations calling for the design and construction of a suspension bridge between San Francisco and Oakland via Yerba Buena Island (formerly Goat Island). A 1939 plaque honoring Emperor Norton for the original idea for the Bay Bridge was dedicated by the fraternal society E Clampus Vitus and was installed at The Cliff House in February 1955. In November 1986, in connection with the bridge's 50th anniversary, the plaque was moved to the Transbay Terminal, the public transit and Greyhound bus depot at the west end of the bridge in downtown San Francisco. When the terminal was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18013619", "chunk_text": "\"Yangluo Yangtze River Bridge\"\nto the length of the main span. The north and south support towers for the main cables are and tall respectively and constructed of reinforced concrete with two prestressed concrete x-braces on each tower to provide lateral stiffening. Coincidentally, the bridge's main span of is exactly the same length as the famous Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, California that opened 70 years prior. Yangluo Yangtze River Bridge The Yangluo Yangtze River Bridge () is a suspension bridge over the Yangtze River in Wuhan, Hubei, China. With a main span of , at its opening it was tied with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14250654", "chunk_text": "\"San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge\"\nEngineering Consultants. Both agencies approved and preparation of the final design proceeded. Before work got underway, 12 massive underwater telephone cables were moved 1,000 feet north of the proposed bridge route by crews of the Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co. during the summer of 1931. Construction began on July 9, 1933. Ultimately, twenty-four men would die constructing the bridge. The western section of the bridge between San Francisco and Yerba Buena Island presented an enormous engineering challenge. The bay was up to deep in places and the soil required new foundation-laying techniques. A single main suspension span some in length", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13095568", "chunk_text": "\"Suspension bridge\"\nconstruct special towers, as the buildings can anchor the cables. Cable suspension may also be augmented by the inherent stiffness of a structure that has much in common with a tubular bridge. Typical suspension bridges are constructed using a sequence generally described as follows. Depending on length and size, construction may take anywhere between a year and a half (construction on the original Tacoma Narrows Bridge took only 19 months) up to as long as a decade (the Akashi-Kaikyō Bridge's construction began in May 1986 and was opened in May 1998 – a total of twelve years). Suspension bridges are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17245338", "chunk_text": "\"Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge\"\nanchorage on the Staten Island side contains a facility for heating cinders that are used to de-ice the bridge deck during winter. At the time of opening, the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge was the longest suspension bridge in the world; its 4,260-foot center span, between the two suspension towers, was longer than the Golden Gate Bridge's center span. Despite being only slightly longer than the Golden Gate Bridge, the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge could carry a 75% greater load than the former could. In 1981, the Verrazzano Bridge was surpassed by the Humber Bridge in England, which has a center span of , as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8531960", "chunk_text": "\"Golden Gate Bridge\"\nwater averages while its towers, at above the water, were the world's tallest on a suspension bridge until 1993 when it was surpassed by the Mezcala Bridge, in Mexico. The weight of the roadway is hung from 250 pairs of vertical suspender ropes, which are attached to two main cables. The main cables pass over the two main towers and are fixed in concrete at each end. Each cable is made of 27,572 strands of wire. The total length of galvanized steel wire used to fabricate both main cables is estimated to be . Each of the bridge's two towers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "413792", "chunk_text": "\"Richmond–San Rafael Bridge\"\nto replace a previous ferry service, leaving the Benicia–Martinez Ferry across Carquinez Strait as the only remaining auto ferry in the Bay Area (it would be replaced by a bridge in 1962). The bridge—including approaches—measures 5.5 miles (29,040 feet / 8,851.39 m / 8.9 km) long. At the time it was built, it was one of the world's longest bridges. The bridge spans two ship channels and has two separate main cantilever spans. Both main cantilever spans are raised to allow ship traffic to pass, and in between, there is a \"\"dip\"\" in the elevation of the center section, giving", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13095569", "chunk_text": "\"Suspension bridge\"\ntypically ranked by the length of their main span. These are the ten bridges with the longest spans, followed by the length of the span and the year the bridge opened for traffic: Suspension bridge A suspension bridge is a type of bridge in which the deck (the load-bearing portion) is hung below suspension cables on vertical suspenders. The first modern examples of this type of bridge were built in the early 1800s. Simple suspension bridges, which lack vertical suspenders, have a long history in many mountainous parts of the world. This type of bridge has cables suspended between towers,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9789656", "chunk_text": "\"Charles Kuonen Suspension Bridge\"\nCharles Kuonen Suspension Bridge The Charles Kuonen Suspension Bridge is the longest hanging bridge for pedestrian use in the world. It is located in Randa, Switzerland and replaced the defunct , which had been damaged by a rock slide. The bridge spans 494 meters (1621 feet), and upon its inauguration in July 2017 became the longest suspension bridge built for pedestrian travel. The bridge runs 85 metres (279 feet) above the ground at its highest point. It employs of cables, and has a system that prevents it from swinging. The bridge is part of Europaweg, a hiking path between the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14250684", "chunk_text": "\"San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge\"\nSunday. BART and the Golden Gate Ferry systems added supplemental service to accommodate the increased passenger load during the bridge closure. The bridge reopened to traffic on November 2, 2009. The pieces that broke off on October 27 were a saddle, crossbars, and two tension rods. The bridge was unofficially \"\"dedicated\"\" to James B. \"\"Sunny Jim\"\" Rolph, Jr., but this was not widely recognized until the bridge's 50th-anniversary celebrations in 1986. The official name of the bridge for all functional purposes has always been the \"\"San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge\"\", and, by most local people, it is referred to simply as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6344175", "chunk_text": "\"Richmond–San Rafael Bridge\"\nthe low bidder at by a joint venture between Peter Kiewit Sons' Co. — A. Soda & Son — Judson Pacific Murphy Corp. The substructure construction moved rapidly, with an estimated 45% of piers completed approximately a year after the contract was awarded. At the time the bridge was completed, it was hailed as the world's second-longest bridge, behind the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge and the longest continuous steel bridge. Originally a part of State Route 17, the bridge is now part of Interstate 580. Upon its opening, the Richmond–San Rafael bridge was the last bridge across San Francisco Bay", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14250641", "chunk_text": "\"San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge\"\nconnects the island to Oakland. The western section is a double suspension bridge with two decks, westbound traffic being carried on the upper deck while eastbound is carried on the lower one. The largest span of the original eastern section was a cantilever bridge. During the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, a portion of the eastern section's upper deck collapsed onto the lower deck and the bridge was closed for a month. Reconstruction of the eastern section of the bridge as a causeway connected to a self-anchored suspension bridge began in 2002; the new eastern section opened September 2, 2013, at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1991445", "chunk_text": "\"Carquinez Bridge\"\nand San Francisco bays to Richmond and Oakland; becoming U.S. Route 40, and ultimately Interstate 80. After the Loma Prieta earthquake engineers determined that the aging 1927 span was seismicly unstable, and that a retrofit was impossible. The decision was made to replace it with a new suspension bridge. The 1927 span was temporarily used to hold eastbound traffic while the 1958 eastbound span underwent a seismic retrofit, deck and superstructure rehabilitation, and painting to extend its serviceable life. The old 1923 cantelever bridge was dismantled three years after the opening of its replacement; with completion on September 4, 2007.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1991447", "chunk_text": "\"Carquinez Bridge\"\nmillion a new suspension bridge was built, to the west of the two earlier bridges, by the joint venture consisting of Flatiron Structures of Longmont, Co., FCI Constructors of Benicia, Ca., and the Cleveland Bridge & Engineering Company of Darlington, England. This new bridge was named the Alfred Zampa Memorial Bridge, after an ironworker who worked on a number of the San Francisco Bay Area bridges, including the Golden Gate Bridge, and the original 1927 Carquinez span. The bridge was dedicated on November 8, 2003 and opened for traffic on November 11, 2003. Originally, the plan was to dedicate the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5540726", "chunk_text": "\"Kurushima-Kaikyō Bridge\"\nto the western portion of San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge which is two successive suspension bridges with four towers and one shared anchorage. The bridge's total length of , is just a little longer than the total length of the two tower Akashi Kaikyō Bridge, which is . Kurushima-Kaikyō Bridge The , which connects the island of Ōshima to the main part of Shikoku, is the world's longest suspension bridge structure and was completed in 1999. The bridge is part of the Shimanami Kaidō, an expressway that spans a series of islands and connects Hiroshima Prefecture in Honshū to Ehime Prefecture", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5920099", "chunk_text": "\"Yerba Buena Tunnel\"\nYerba Buena Tunnel The Yerba Buena Tunnel, also known as the Yerba Buena Island Tunnel, is a highway tunnel in San Francisco, California. It is the part of San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge complex that crosses Yerba Buena Island. The Yerba Buena Tunnel carries ten lanes of Interstate 80 (I-80) on two decks, connecting the two component spans of the Bay Bridge, the western suspension span and the eastern self-anchored suspension span. At the opening of the Bay Bridge in 1936, it was the world's largest-bore tunnel. Preliminary surveys to lay out the route of the planned Bay Bridge were held", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7489641", "chunk_text": "\"Benjamin Franklin Bridge\"\nPaul Philippe Cret. Work began on January 6, 1922. At the peak of construction, 1,300 people worked on the bridge, and 15 died during its construction. The bridge was originally painted by a commercial painting company owned by David A. Salkind, of Philadelphia, which also painted the Golden Gate Bridge. The bridge opened to traffic on July 1, 1926, three days ahead of its scheduled opening on the nation’s 150th anniversary. At completion, its 1,750-foot (533-meter) span was the world's longest for a suspension bridge, a distinction it held until the opening of the Ambassador Bridge in 1929. The name", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "413794", "chunk_text": "\"Richmond–San Rafael Bridge\"\nbridge, including Frank Lloyd Wright, who reportedly called for its destruction. The neighboring Golden Gate Bridge and the western span of Bay Bridge were considered engineering and historical marvels, and the Richmond–San Rafael Bridge was not considered to be in the same class. However, the senior engineers for the Richmond–San Rafael Bridge were the same engineers that worked on the Bay Bridge and the resulting design echoed the lessons learned from the eastern span of the Bay Bridge. From west (Point San Quentin) to east (Castro Point), the bridge consists of: Excluding approaches, the bridge structures comprise a total length", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17464653", "chunk_text": "\"High Street Bridge\"\nHigh Street Bridge The High Street Bridge is a double-leaf bascule drawbridge spanning 296 feet of the Oakland Estuary in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, United States. It links the cities of Oakland and Alameda. The bridge is opened approximately 1,400 times a year. The bridge carries an average of 26,000 vehicles per year. The bridge was built when the Oakland Estuary was trenched, converting Alameda from a peninsula to an island. The High Street Bridge is one of the four bridges and two tunnels that allow access to Alameda. The estuary was originally spanned by an iron swing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2383235", "chunk_text": "\"San Mateo–Hayward Bridge\"\nwith an orthotropic main span that is long (at the time, the longest girder span in the United States) and has a vertical clearance of . The main span is flanked by two orthotropic back spans which are each long, and there are seven orthotropic side spans on the approach to each back span. Each of these side spans are long. Although these spans appear to be formed from continuous box girders, they consist of alternating anchor spans and suspended spans. Anchor spans rest on top of two adjacent piers and cantilever over each side slightly, and suspended spans are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3378069", "chunk_text": "\"Forth Road Bridge\"\nand the approach viaducts are on the north side and on the south side. The total length is . It was the longest suspension bridge span outside the United States and the fourth-longest span in the world at the time of its construction. The bridge is made of 39,000 tonnes of steel and 115,000 cubic metres of concrete. The towers reach above mean water level. There is a dual carriageway road with two lanes in each direction, and cycle/footpaths on each side. The main strung cables are in diameter, with 11,618 high tensile wires, each five millimetres in diameter, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11707909", "chunk_text": "\"Tacoma Narrows Bridge (1950)\"\ncarried both directions of traffic across the strait until 2007. At the time of its construction, the bridge was, like its predecessor, the third-longest suspension bridge in the world in terms of main span length, behind the Golden Gate Bridge and George Washington Bridge; it is now the 46th longest suspension bridge in the world. Design work on a new Tacoma Narrows Bridge began shortly after the collapse of the original bridge. However, several engineering issues, the demand on steel created by the United States' involvement in World War II, and the state of Washington's inability to find an insurer,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "830236", "chunk_text": "California\nis straining all of its transportation networks, and California has some of the worst roads in the United States. The Reason Foundation's 19th Annual Report on the Performance of State Highway Systems ranked California's highways the third-worst of any state, with Alaska second, and Rhode Island first. The state has been a pioneer in road construction. One of the state's more visible landmarks, the Golden Gate Bridge, was the longest suspension bridge main span in the world at between 1937 (when it opened) and 1964. With its orange paint and panoramic views of the bay, this highway bridge is a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14250643", "chunk_text": "\"San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge\"\nBuena and downtown San Francisco has two complete suspension spans connected at a center anchorage. Rincon Hill is the western anchorage and touch-down for the San Francisco landing of the bridge connected by three shorter truss spans. The eastern crossing, between Yerba Buena Island and Oakland, was a cantilever bridge with a double-tower span, five medium truss spans, and a 14-section truss causeway. Due to earthquake concerns, the eastern crossing was replaced by a new crossing that opened on Labor Day 2013. On Yerba Buena Island, the double-decked crossing is a concrete viaduct east of the west span's cable anchorage,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6870005", "chunk_text": "\"St. Johns Bridge\"\nPark are named after the Gothic Cathedral-like appearance of the bridge towers. Designed by internationally renowned engineer David B. Steinman (1886–1960) and Holton D. Robinson, of New York, the St. Johns was the longest suspension-type bridge west of the Mississippi River at the time of construction. It is the only major highway suspension bridge in the Willamette Valley and one of only three major highway suspension bridges in Oregon. At the time of the proposal to build the bridge, the area was served by a ferry that carried 1,000 vehicles a day. The proposal for a bridge was initially met", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4832775", "chunk_text": "\"Mackinac Bridge\"\ncity of St. Ignace on the north end with the village of Mackinaw City on the south. Envisioned since the 1880s, the bridge was designed by the engineer David B. Steinman and completed in 1957 only after many decades of struggles to begin construction. The bridge opened on November 1, 1957, connecting two peninsulas linked for decades by ferries. A year later, the bridge was formally dedicated as the \"\"world's longest suspension bridge between anchorages\"\", allowing a superlative comparison to the Golden Gate Bridge, which had a longer center span between towers, and the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge, which had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11483019", "chunk_text": "\"Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy\"\nengagement; it has provided programs to more than 800,000 students and adults since opening, including some 25,000 schoolchildren. Many of its programs are designated specifically for low-income youths. The restoration has been praised both for its focus on restoring wildlife habitat, and its positive impact for the surrounding community and visitors, with more than one million visitors annually. The Golden Gate Bridge is an iconic suspension bridge that connects San Francisco and Marin County. For the bridge's 75th anniversary in 2012, the Parks Conservancy, in partnership with the National Park Service and the Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17464657", "chunk_text": "\"High Street Bridge\"\nand Electric; using counterweights, full operation is possible using emergency power. High Street Bridge The High Street Bridge is a double-leaf bascule drawbridge spanning 296 feet of the Oakland Estuary in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, United States. It links the cities of Oakland and Alameda. The bridge is opened approximately 1,400 times a year. The bridge carries an average of 26,000 vehicles per year. The bridge was built when the Oakland Estuary was trenched, converting Alameda from a peninsula to an island. The High Street Bridge is one of the four bridges and two tunnels that allow access", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16009003", "chunk_text": "\"San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge\"\nwas longest in the nation and third-longest anywhere. Much of the original eastern section was founded upon treated wood pilings. Because of the very deep mud on the bay bottom it was not practical to reach bedrock, although the lower levels of the mud are quite firm. Long wooden pilings were crafted from entire old-growth Douglas fir trees, which were driven through the soft mud to the firmer bottom layers. The original western approach to (and exit from) the upper deck of the bridge was a long ramp to Fifth, branching to Harrison St for westward traffic off the bridge", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_324	who sings i want to dance with you?	n/a	[ "George Strait" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17422252", "chunk_text": "\"She Wants to Dance with Me\"\nShe Wants to Dance with Me \"\"She Wants to Dance with Me\"\" is a song written and recorded by Rick Astley in 1988. It is the lead single from his second studio album, \"\"Hold Me in Your Arms\"\". The song was released in United Kingdom on September 20, 1988; it entered the chart at the number 16 and its highest chart position was number 6; it stayed 11 weeks in the UK Singles Chart. On the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, it also reached number 6. Astley kicked off Paula Abdul's \"\"Straight Up\"\", and stayed at number one for two weeks in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2539850", "chunk_text": "\"I Just Want to Dance with You\"\nI Just Want to Dance with You \"\"I Just Want to Dance with You\"\" is a song written by John Prine and Roger Cook, and performed by American country music singer George Strait. It was released in April 1998 as the first single to his album, \"\"One Step at a Time\"\", it is his 34th Number One single on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart, and his 42nd Number One single when all major trade charts are counted. Prine recorded it 12 years earlier, for his 1986 album \"\"German Afternoons\"\". It was also a hit for Daniel O'Donnell", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17422253", "chunk_text": "\"She Wants to Dance with Me\"\nCanada. It was an international success. \"\"She Wants to Dance with Me\"\" was Astley's first self-composed single that he released. Astley performed the song at the 1989 Grammy Awards, and he changed the lyrics to: When the song was performed on \"\"Top of the Pops\"\", the backing keyboard player was songwriter-turned-Conservative MP David Morris. She Wants to Dance with Me \"\"She Wants to Dance with Me\"\" is a song written and recorded by Rick Astley in 1988. It is the lead single from his second studio album, \"\"Hold Me in Your Arms\"\". The song was released in United Kingdom on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1963952", "chunk_text": "\"I'm Happy Just to Dance with You\"\nI'm Happy Just to Dance with You \"\"I'm Happy Just to Dance with You\"\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by The Beatles for the film soundtrack to \"\"A Hard Day's Night\"\". Lead vocals are by George Harrison, whose performance in the film marked the first mass media depiction of Harrison singing lead. It was written specifically for George Harrison to sing at a time when he lacked the confidence to compose his own material. Years later, McCartney described it as a \"\"formula song\"\", and Lennon said, \"\"I would never have sung it myself.\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7361251", "chunk_text": "\"Dance with Me (Orleans song)\"\nDance with Me (Orleans song) \"\"Dance with Me\"\" is the title of a 1975 hit single by American soft rock band Orleans, originally from the band's second album, \"\"Orleans II\"\" (1974). Featuring a melodica solo by Larry Hoppen, \"\"Dance With Me\"\" was introduced on the band's third studio album \"\"Let There Be Music\"\" (1975) and was issued as that album's second single July 19, 1975 to become Orleans' first Top 40 single, reaching a \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 peak of #6 that October. The song was written by group member John Hall and journalist-turned-lyricist Johanna Hall (then a married couple). According", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2933134", "chunk_text": "\"Dance with Me (Debelah Morgan song)\"\nDance with Me (Debelah Morgan song) \"\"Dance with Me\"\" is a song by American R&B singer Debelah Morgan, released in the year 2000 as the first single from Morgan's third studio album of the same name. Morgan co-wrote the song with its producer Giloh Morgan, with Richard Adler and Jerry Ross receiving songwriting credits for the reworking of their composition \"\"Hernando's Hideaway\"\". Lyrically, \"\"Dance with Me\"\" revolves around the protagonist's declaration that she only wants to dance with her lover that night. \"\"Dance with Me\"\" peaked at number eight on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart on December 26, 2000", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4505384", "chunk_text": "\"Dance with Me (Le Youth song)\"\nDance with Me (Le Youth song) \"\"Dance with Me\"\" is a single by American electronic musician, DJ, and producer Le Youth, featuring vocals from Dominique Young Unique. The song was released in the United Kingdom as a digital download on February 7, 2014. The song was written by Wes James, Dominique Clarke, Larry Blackmon, Lisa Lopes, Jermaine Dupri, Kevin Briggs, Charles Singleton, Eumir Deodato, Kandi Burruss, Shawntae Harris, Tameka Cottle, Tomi Jenkins, Robert Earl Bell, James Warren Taylor, George Melvin Brown, Robert Spike Mickens, Claydes Eugene Smith, Nathan David Leftenant and Ronald N. Bell. The songs samples TLC's hit single", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12374542", "chunk_text": "\"Somebody Dance with Me\"\nSomebody Dance with Me \"\"Somebody Dance with Me\"\" is a song by Swiss artist DJ BoBo featuring Emel Aykanat. It was released in November 1992 as the second single from the album, \"\"Dance with Me\"\". The song is based on some parts on sampling taken from \"\"Somebody's Watching Me\"\" by Rockwell. It was the first major hit of DJ BoBo in 1992-1993 reaching the top of Swiss Hitparade, the official Swiss Singles Chart. It was also a hit in Portugal and Sweden where it also made it to number one, and in Austria, Norway and the Netherlands (#3), Germany #4,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13498027", "chunk_text": "\"I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)\"\nI Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me) \"\"I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)\"\" is the first single from Whitney Houston's second studio album, \"\"Whitney\"\". It was produced by Narada Michael Walden, and written by George Merrill and Shannon Rubicam of the band Boy Meets Girl, who had previously written the number-one Whitney Houston hit \"\"How Will I Know.\"\" The song received mixed reviews from critics, who compared the musical arrangement to her own \"\"How Will I Know\"\" and Cyndi Lauper's \"\"Girls Just Want to Have Fun.\"\" The song won the Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10631625", "chunk_text": "\"Debelah Morgan\"\nDebelah Morgan Debelah Laksh Morgan (born September 29, 1973) is an American singer and songwriter. Morgan is best known for her hit single \"\"Dance with Me\"\" off of her third studio album, which reached #8 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. The owner of a five-octave vocal range, R&B singer Debelah Morgan wrote her first song at the age of eight, soon after forming her own girl's choir and serving as their arranger. At 15, she was teaching gospel choir at the University of Arizona, that same year winning Miss Teen Black Arizona honors. Morgan then relocated to Los Angeles, taking", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10157525", "chunk_text": "\"Dance with Me (Kelly Clarkson song)\"\nset. She later recorded the track with her longtime collaborator Greg Kurstin for her seventh studio album, \"\"Piece by Piece\"\". \"\"Dance with Me\"\" is a '80s U2-inspired energetic synthpop and dance-pop anthem about dancing and escapism. Built on stomping four-on-the-floor beat and The Edge-like guitar stabs, its lyrics mainly present an invitation and a call to action to dance with one another and be carefree throughout the night. Clarkson, who uses music as a form of emotional expressions, fell in love with the song and remarked, \"\"At the end of the day, everyone dancing in that club has their own", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18180662", "chunk_text": "\"Dance with Me (Drew Seeley song)\"\nDance with Me (Drew Seeley song) \"\"Dance With Me\"\" is a song performed by Canadian singer Drew Seeley featuring the vocals of Mexican singer Belinda.The song was written by Ray Cham and Charlene Licera, and produced by Cham as Ray \"\"Sol Survivor\"\" Cham. It was released on September 2, 2006 from Seeley debut album \"\"DS\"\" and the soundtrack of The Cheetah Girls 2. The song was written by Ray Cham and Charlene Licera, and produced by Cham as Ray \"\"Sol Survivor\"\" Cham. The song is part of the original soundtrack The Cheetah Girls 2, from the film of the same", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9005432", "chunk_text": "\"Dance with Me (Orleans song)\"\nof New Jersey at its Madison venue from 1–17 December 2000. In 2017, the song (without lyrics) serves as the background music for a Xeljanz XR (Tofacitinib) commercial. Dance with Me (Orleans song) \"\"Dance with Me\"\" is the title of a 1975 hit single by American soft rock band Orleans, originally from the band's second album, \"\"Orleans II\"\" (1974). Featuring a melodica solo by Larry Hoppen, \"\"Dance With Me\"\" was introduced on the band's third studio album \"\"Let There Be Music\"\" (1975) and was issued as that album's second single July 19, 1975 to become Orleans' first Top 40 single,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4405204", "chunk_text": "\"Dance with Me (Justice Crew song)\"\nDance with Me (Justice Crew song) \"\"Dance with Me\"\" is a song by Australian hip hop dance and pop group, Justice Crew, featuring American rapper Flo Rida. The song marks the first released by Justice Crew since Anastasios left the group. It was released digitally on 29 March 2011, as their third overall single. \"\"Dance with Me\"\" peaked at number 44 on the ARIA Singles Chart and was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). An accompanying music video was directed by Matt Alonzo, and features Justice Crew in a warehouse having a dance-battle with all-female dance crew,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12374545", "chunk_text": "\"Somebody Dance with Me\"\ndoing dance, breakdance and sports routines in front of the wall now inscribed with both years, with 2013 pointing to 1993. At the end of the video, DJ Bobo is parting with a smile from the graffiti wall while taking off his hood to the camera. The rest of the video is actual footage from the recording sessions in the studio showing Remady, DJ Bobo and Manu-L. The single peaked at #4 in Switzerland. Somebody Dance with Me \"\"Somebody Dance with Me\"\" is a song by Swiss artist DJ BoBo featuring Emel Aykanat. It was released in November 1992 as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8876666", "chunk_text": "\"Dance with Me (Zoli Ádok song)\"\nDance with Me (Zoli Ádok song) \"\"Dance with Me\"\" is the debut single by Hungarian singer Zoli Ádok. It was the Hungarian entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 in Moscow, Russia. The original version of the song which is called \"\"Tánclépés\"\" was released in Hungarian language in 2008 as Zoli Ádok's debut single from his debut studio album \"\"Tánclépés\"\" (2008). \"\"Dance with Me\"\" is a eurodance song, which is about a men who wants to invite a girl to dance with him. The lyrics of the song was written by Kasai, and composed by Zé Szabó. After it when", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7186736", "chunk_text": "\"Tony Caso\"\nTony Caso Tony Caso (Anthony Caso) is an American 1980s pop/dance music recording artist and, later, actor. Tony Caso began recording in the early 1980s, as \"\"Tony Caso and Salvation\"\". His first single, \"\"I Want To Dance With You\"\" (1981), was issued on Lam Records. A second single, 'Hot Blooded Woman', was also issued in 1981. Tony joined the Bobby O label in New York, recording in \"\"One Two Three\"\" and \"\"Waterfont Home\"\". He had a number of singles throughout the 1980s: All The Love In My Heart - 1983 (O Records) Take A Chance (On Me) - 1984 (O", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5620838", "chunk_text": "\"I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)\"\nsimilar version of '99 tour's on Arista Records 25th Anniversary Celebration, taped at Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles on April 10, and broadcast on May 15 on NBC. Bibliography I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me) \"\"I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)\"\" is the first single from Whitney Houston's second studio album, \"\"Whitney\"\". It was produced by Narada Michael Walden, and written by George Merrill and Shannon Rubicam of the band Boy Meets Girl, who had previously written the number-one Whitney Houston hit \"\"How Will I Know.\"\" The song received mixed reviews from critics, who compared the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9315207", "chunk_text": "\"I Just Want to Dance with You\"\nin 1992, reaching 20 in the UK charts. \"\"Billboard\"\" magazine reviewed the song favorably, calling it a \"\"tropical flavored li'l ditty, awash in delicate guitar work that is as tantalizing and refreshing as a summer breeze,\"\" and although the lyric was rather preschoolish, Strait's crisp co-production with Tony Brown and his appealing vocal performance should help overcome that obstacle. \"\"I Just Want to Dance with You\"\" debuted at number 38 on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of April 18, 1998. I Just Want to Dance with You \"\"I Just Want to Dance with You\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2814325", "chunk_text": "\"I'm Happy Just to Dance with You\"\nreleased a cover on their 2008 album, \"\"B-Sides The Beatles\"\". Tori Kelly sang the song as the character Millie Pede in Beat Bugs. I'm Happy Just to Dance with You \"\"I'm Happy Just to Dance with You\"\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by The Beatles for the film soundtrack to \"\"A Hard Day's Night\"\". Lead vocals are by George Harrison, whose performance in the film marked the first mass media depiction of Harrison singing lead. It was written specifically for George Harrison to sing at a time when he lacked the confidence to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3782920", "chunk_text": "\"Dance with Me (Debelah Morgan song)\"\n(after reaching the Top 40 on October 3). The single also reached number three in Australia—where it was certified Platinum for sales exceeding 70,000 copies—and number 10 in Romania and the United Kingdom. \"\"Dance with Me\"\" received international acclaim and has been performed in different versions, including a special Walt Disney version and a Spanish version entitled \"\"Baila Conmigo.\"\" The song is used in a crucial scene in the disability-dance film \"\"Musical Chairs\"\" (2012). CD Single CD Maxi Single Dance with Me (Debelah Morgan song) \"\"Dance with Me\"\" is a song by American R&B singer Debelah Morgan, released in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10157521", "chunk_text": "\"Dance with Me (Kelly Clarkson song)\"\nDance with Me (Kelly Clarkson song) \"\"Dance with Me\"\" is a song by American recording artist Kelly Clarkson from her seventh studio album, \"\"Piece by Piece\"\" (2015). Produced by Greg Kurstin, it was the first song written by Dan Rockett after collaborating with Polow da Don in his tenure as a studio runner and an audio engineer at Interscope Records. Originally penned as a David Bowie and Lady Gaga duet, the track was later sent to Clarkson who was recording songs for her first greatest hits album \"\"Greatest Hits – Chapter One\"\" (2012) at the time. Instead of being included", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5084822", "chunk_text": "\"Emel Aykanat\"\nEmel Aykanat Emel Aykanat (born 8 June 1975), better known as Emel, is a Turkish-Swiss singer. Her first big success came with the single \"\"Somebody Dance with Me\"\" with DJ BoBo. At the age of 17 years, she toured as a background singer with Six Was Nine a German pop and soul band through Europe. Aykanat's first success was in 1993 as a female voice in the song \"\"Somebody Dance with Me\"\" by DJ BoBo which appeared in various clubs. Her first album \"\"Can we Talk\"\" appeared in 1996 and reached 26th in the Swiss charts. In 2001, Aykanat was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "729484", "chunk_text": "\"I Wanna B with U\"\nI Wanna B with U \"\"I Wanna B with U\"\" is a 1995 eurodance song by German band Fun Factory. It is one of their most successful songs and also their biggest hit in the US. The single is taken from their 1995 album Fun-Tastic and was released 18th April 1995. It peaked at #11 in Germany, #12 in Finland, #18 in Austria and #25 in Iceland. In the US \"\"I Wanna B With U\"\" peaked at #45 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and #10 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Dance Club Play. The music video for \"\"I Wanna B with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3920464", "chunk_text": "\"German Afternoons\"\nimagine him doing it, although I bet it would be good,\"\" Prine wrote). The song, a comic variation on \"\"Angel from Montgomery\"\", is about a woman who mentally checked out of her marriage from time to time, told from the husband’s point of view. \"\"I Just Want To Dance with You\"\", co-written by Prine and Roger Cook, was released in April 1998 by American country singer George Strait as the first single to his album \"\"One Step At A Time\"\" and became his 34th Number One single on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5620817", "chunk_text": "\"I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)\"\nPerformance at the 30th Grammy Awards. The single was a commercial success, topping the charts in 13 countries including Australia, Italy, Germany and the UK. In the US, it became her fourth consecutive number one single and sold over one million copies, making it her first platinum single in the US; and her biggest hit in that country at the time. It was eventually surpassed by her version of \"\"I Will Always Love You\"\", five years later in 1992. \"\"I Wanna Dance with Somebody\"\" was written by George Merrill and Shannon Rubicam, who wrote Houston's 1985 song \"\"How Will I", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18075396", "chunk_text": "\"Dancing with Myself\"\nDancing with Myself \"\"Dancing with Myself\"\" is a song written by singer Billy Idol and bassist Tony James, first recorded by their band Generation X in 1979. The song was re-recorded and commercially released by the band newly re-branded as Gen X as a 7\"\" single and a 12\"\" in October 1980, but was a sales failure, reaching only #62 in the UK Singles Chart. It was then included on the band's subsequent album \"\"Kiss Me Deadly\"\" (1981). In late 1981, Idol, now a solo artist after Gen X's break-up, remixed and re-released \"\"Dancing with Myself\"\" as a single in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5721062", "chunk_text": "\"I Wanna Be with You (Raspberries song)\"\nI Wanna Be with You (Raspberries song) \"\"I Wanna Be with You\"\" is a hit single by Raspberries, released in November 1972. It was written by band leader Eric Carmen, who also provided the lead vocals. It was their first single release from their second LP, \"\"Fresh\"\". It became their second greatest US hit. The song reached the Top 40 on three principal US charts, including number 16 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, number 10 on \"\"Cash Box\"\", and number 7 on \"\"Record World\"\". It was also a number 17 hit in Canada. \"\"I Wanna Be with You\"\" was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8876669", "chunk_text": "\"Dance with Me (Zoli Ádok song)\"\nand placing in 15th place with 16 points. Dance with Me (Zoli Ádok song) \"\"Dance with Me\"\" is the debut single by Hungarian singer Zoli Ádok. It was the Hungarian entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 in Moscow, Russia. The original version of the song which is called \"\"Tánclépés\"\" was released in Hungarian language in 2008 as Zoli Ádok's debut single from his debut studio album \"\"Tánclépés\"\" (2008). \"\"Dance with Me\"\" is a eurodance song, which is about a men who wants to invite a girl to dance with him. The lyrics of the song was written by Kasai,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "311127", "chunk_text": "\"I Wanna Be with You (Mandy Moore song)\"\nI Wanna Be with You (Mandy Moore song) \"\"I Wanna Be With You\"\" is a song by American pop singer Mandy Moore. It was released as the only single from Moore's second studio album of the same name on April 11, 2000, one day after Moore's 16th birthday. The song received positive reviews from critics, who complimented Moore's mature vocals and the song's arrangement. The song peaked at number 24 in the United States \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, becoming Moore's first and only top 30 single in the US to date. The song also peaked at number 13 in Australia and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6861350", "chunk_text": "\"Do You Want to Dance\"\nDo You Want to Dance \"\"Do You Want to Dance\"\" is a song written by American singer Bobby Freeman and recorded by him in 1958. It reached number No. 5 on the United States Billboard Top 100 Sides pop chart and No. 2 on the Billboard R&B chart. Cliff Richard and the Shadows' version of the song reached No. 2 in the United Kingdom in 1962, despite being a B-side. The Beach Boys' version reached No. 12 as \"\"Do You Wanna Dance?\"\" in the United States in 1965, and a 1972 cover by Bette Midler (\"\"Do You Want to Dance?\"\")", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9177260", "chunk_text": "\"I'm with You (song)\"\nto Luther Vandross's \"\"Dance with My Father\"\" and Christina Aguilera's \"\"Beautiful\"\" respectively. ! colspan=\"\"3\"\"\| Video Single (*) Note: The Platinum-award in the US are for the songs \"\"I'm With You\"\" and \"\"Sk8er Boi\"\" combined in a video single format. I'm with You (song) \"\"I'm with You\"\" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne for her debut album, \"\"Let Go\"\". It was released on November 19, 2002 by Arista Records as the album's third single. The song was Lavigne's first ballad released as a single. It was the second Lavigne song to be nominated for a Grammy in the categories", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7186737", "chunk_text": "\"Tony Caso\"\nRecords) Dancing in Heaven - 1985 (Memo Records) Motorcycle Madness - 1986 (Eurobeat Records) Desperate & Dangerous - 1987 (Eurobeat Records) Love Attack - 1987 (Eurobeat Records) Run To Me - 1987 (Eurobeat Records) In the mid 1980s Caso began moving from recording to acting. He has appeared in numerous commercials, television shows and movies including the Sopranos and Goodfellas. Tony Caso Tony Caso (Anthony Caso) is an American 1980s pop/dance music recording artist and, later, actor. Tony Caso began recording in the early 1980s, as \"\"Tony Caso and Salvation\"\". His first single, \"\"I Want To Dance With You\"\" (1981),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7862092", "chunk_text": "\"Dance with Me (Kelly Clarkson song)\"\neliminated from the program. Credits adapted from the \"\"Piece by Piece\"\" liner notes and \"\"Dance with Me\"\" metadata. Recording Personnel Dance with Me (Kelly Clarkson song) \"\"Dance with Me\"\" is a song by American recording artist Kelly Clarkson from her seventh studio album, \"\"Piece by Piece\"\" (2015). Produced by Greg Kurstin, it was the first song written by Dan Rockett after collaborating with Polow da Don in his tenure as a studio runner and an audio engineer at Interscope Records. Originally penned as a David Bowie and Lady Gaga duet, the track was later sent to Clarkson who was recording", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10157522", "chunk_text": "\"Dance with Me (Kelly Clarkson song)\"\nfor \"\"Chapter One\"\", she later recorded the song for \"\"Piece by Piece\"\". An '80s U2-inspired energetic synthpop and dance-pop anthem, \"\"Dance with Me\"\" is a song about dancing and escapism, serving as an invitation and to dance with one another. \"\"Dance with Me\"\" has received a generally positive response from music critics, who lauded Clarkson's vocal performance and the complimented the song as an energetic tune. Upon \"\"Piece by Piece\"\"s release, it charted within the top 40 of the South Korean Gaon International Digital Chart as an album cut. \"\"Dance with Me\"\" was also included by Clarkson as the opening", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1254531", "chunk_text": "\"I Wanna Be with You (Mandy Moore song)\"\nSingle, Promo UK CD Single Mexico CD Single, Promo Credits adapted from \"\"I Wanna Be with You\"\" liner notes. I Wanna Be with You (Mandy Moore song) \"\"I Wanna Be With You\"\" is a song by American pop singer Mandy Moore. It was released as the only single from Moore's second studio album of the same name on April 11, 2000, one day after Moore's 16th birthday. The song received positive reviews from critics, who complimented Moore's mature vocals and the song's arrangement. The song peaked at number 24 in the United States \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, becoming Moore's first and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5620828", "chunk_text": "\"I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)\"\nchart, the week ending June 6, 1987, becoming her second UK number-one single. The single was certified Gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) on August 1, 1987, for shipments of 400,000 copies. According to The Official Charts Company, it has sold 760,000 copies in the United Kingdom. The single also topped the singles chart in Belgium for three weeks, the Netherlands for four weeks, Germany for five weeks, Italy for a week, Norway for seven weeks, Sweden for six weeks and Switzerland for six weeks, and peaked inside top five in Austria and Ireland. This popularity of the single", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2137168", "chunk_text": "\"Billy Joe Walker Jr.\"\n25, 2017. Billy Joe Walker Jr. Billy Joe Walker Jr. (February 29, 1952 – July 25, 2017) was an American songwriter, record producer and recording artist. He composed singles for Eddie Rabbitt, including \"\"I Wanna Dance with You\"\", \"\"That's Why I Fell in Love with You\"\" and \"\"B-B-B-Burnin' Up with Love\"\". He produced the first three albums of Bryan White, and for Pam Tillis, Collin Raye and Travis Tritt. He was also a session musician who played guitar. Between 1987 and 1994, he recorded seven New Age albums, all for major labels. Walker died following a period of declining health", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1900118", "chunk_text": "\"Debelah Morgan\"\nshot a pilot for a reality series with R&B singers Shanice and Karyn White. In 2012 amnd 2013, she performed with the legendary R&B group Rose Royce as their lead vocalist for a couple of shows. In 2015, she collaborated with Shanice and All-4-One on the track \"\"Go to Bed\"\" off the latter's album \"\"Twenty\"\". Debelah Morgan Debelah Laksh Morgan (born September 29, 1973) is an American singer and songwriter. Morgan is best known for her hit single \"\"Dance with Me\"\" off of her third studio album, which reached #8 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. The owner of a five-octave", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "729485", "chunk_text": "\"I Wanna B with U\"\nU\"\" was directed by Frank Paul Husmann-Labusga. I Wanna B with U \"\"I Wanna B with U\"\" is a 1995 eurodance song by German band Fun Factory. It is one of their most successful songs and also their biggest hit in the US. The single is taken from their 1995 album Fun-Tastic and was released 18th April 1995. It peaked at #11 in Germany, #12 in Finland, #18 in Austria and #25 in Iceland. In the US \"\"I Wanna B With U\"\" peaked at #45 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and #10 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Dance Club Play. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5620823", "chunk_text": "\"I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)\"\nBritish public as the nation's fifth favourite 1980s number one in a poll for ITV. \"\"I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)\"\" was released as the first single from Houston's second studio album at the beginning of May 1987. It entered the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, the issue dated May 16, 1987, at number 38, her highest debut in the 1980s. Six weeks later, it reached the top spot of the chart, making it Houston's fourth number-one single in the United States, the issue date of June 27, 1987 ― the same day that Houston's album \"\"Whitney\"\" debuted at number", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2117976", "chunk_text": "\"Rick Astley discography\"\nintended for the North American market. It was another hit for Astley reaching Number 10 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and Number 1 in Canada. His second studio album, \"\"Hold Me in Your Arms\"\", was released in November 1988. It peaked at number 8 on the UK Albums Chart and number 19 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" 200. The lead single, \"\"She Wants to Dance With Me\"\" was Astley's first single which he wrote himself and became a worldwide top 10 hit. In Europe, \"\"Take Me to Your Heart\"\" and \"\"Hold Me in Your Arms\"\" were released as the next", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12659015", "chunk_text": "\"Voglio ballare con te\"\nnumber 20 in Switzerland, marking Espósito's second entry and highest-charting song on the chart. \"\"Locos Valientes\"\", the Spanish-language version of the song, was released on September 8, 2017. The song became Baby K's second Spanish song, following \"\"Roma-Bangkok\"\" featuring Giusy Ferreri or Lali. Voglio ballare con te \"\"Voglio ballare con te\"\" (English: \"\"I want to dance with you\"\") is a song recorded by Italian rapper Baby K, with vocals by Spanish singer Andrés Dvicio, for her upcoming third studio album. The song was released on 2 June 2017, through Sony Music Italy. It was produced by Takagi and Mr Ketra,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7179097", "chunk_text": "\"Dance With Me Now!\"\nby Japanese artist Michico, with additional music and production credits to her husband T.Kura, and Exile's Hiro. Musically, it is an electronic dance tune that incorporates elements of electropop. Influenced by the night club scene, the lyrical content delves into themes of enjoyment, partying and dancing. Upon its release, \"\"Dance With Me Now!\"\" received favorable reviews from most music critics, whom commended its dance-ready nature but criticized the production. Commercially, \"\"Dance With Me Now!\"\" experienced success in Japan, reaching the top ten on both the Japan Hot 100 and Radio Songs chart, hosted by \"\"Billboard\"\" magazine. An accompanying music video", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1224527", "chunk_text": "\"Dance with Me (Alphaville song)\"\nDance with Me (Alphaville song) \"\"Dance with Me\"\" is the first of five singles from Alphaville's second album, \"\"Afternoons in Utopia\"\". It was released in March 1986, ahead of the album. The track was a top 10 hit in Europe. Reviews of the song are generally positive, with one reviewer acknowledging that it was a \"\"conventional\"\" choice for a single, while at the same time admitting it benefitted \"\"from some great U2-inspired guitar\"\". Versions of this song have appeared on a variety of other Alphaville releases, including: The original \"\"Empire Remix\"\" and the unaltered b-side \"\"The Mirror\"\" were included on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14573176", "chunk_text": "\"Dance with Me Tonight\"\na CD release that was absent in the UK. In August 2013 a new version of the song was released as the third single from the US version of \"\"Right Place, Right Time\"\". Murs wrote the song with Claude Kelly and Steve Robson in the spring of 2011, following their successful collaborations on the first album including his debut number one, \"\"Please Don't Let Me Go\"\". Lyrically, Murs has said that the song was inspired by his frustration with modern-day dating, in particular the incessant use of social networking websites: \"\"I'm sick of Twitter and Facebook, you know, I want", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5620827", "chunk_text": "\"I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)\"\nSingles chart, the issue dated May 9, 1987, and reached the top of the chart on July 4, 1987. It was ranked second on the \"\"RPM\"\" Year-End Top 100 Singles chart for 1987. The single was later certified Gold by the Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA) on February 29, 1988. Internationally, the song was a massive hit, becoming her most successful single at the time. It reached number one in fourteen countries. The song debuted at number 10 on the UK Singles Chart, the week ending date of May 23, 1987. Two weeks later, it reached number one on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18592437", "chunk_text": "\"Dance with You (Nachna Tere Naal)\"\nDance with You (Nachna Tere Naal) \"\"Dance with You (Nachna Tere Naal)\"\", released on 8 September 2003, is the debut single by the Rishi Rich Project, consisting of Jay Sean, Juggy D and Rishi Rich. It was an Asian Underground song, which was Sean's debut single and was produced by Rich. The song peaked at #12 on the UK Singles Charts. It was later included in Sean's debut album, \"\"Me Against Myself\"\" (2004), and in Rich's album, \"\"Rishi Rich Project\"\". The song was also included in the soundtrack for the 2003 Bollywood film \"\"Boom\"\". The lyrics are in both English", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4405205", "chunk_text": "\"Dance with Me (Justice Crew song)\"\nBeat Freaks. Justice Crew recorded \"\"Dance with Me\"\" with American rapper Flo Rida in Los Angeles, California. On working with Justice Crew, Rida said in an interview with \"\"The Daily Telegraph\"\", \"\"It was a pleasure working with Justice Crew, the song is crazy. I definitely look forward to working with them again in the future.\"\" \"\"Dance with Me\"\" was originally recorded by Aaron Carter in 2009. The single cover was revealed on 18 March 2011, and showed Justice Crew wearing black clothes, and posing in front of a background of flames. \"\"Dance with Me\"\" was released digitally on 29 March", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18149400", "chunk_text": "\"Julianne Hough\"\nnew tour, \"\"MOVE BEYOND Live on Tour\"\", in 2017. Hough's first country-music single, \"\"Will You Dance With Me\"\", was released to iTunes and Wal-Mart in May 2007 to raise money for the American Red Cross. The song placed atnumber 100 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Pop 100 chart. She later signed with Universal Music Group Nashville's Mercury Nashville division. Her self-titled debut album was recorded in Nashville and produced by David Malloy, who has worked with Reba McEntire and Eddie Rabbitt, among others. Hough's album, which met with mixed reviews, debuted at number one on the Top Country Albums chart on May", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_325	who sings song at the end of beauty and the beast?	n/a	[ "Josh Groban" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20537919", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)\"\nBeauty and the Beast (Disney song) \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" is a song written by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken for the Disney animated feature film \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" (1991). The film's theme song, the Broadway-inspired ballad was first recorded by British-American actress Angela Lansbury in her role as the voice of the character Mrs. Potts, and essentially describes the relationship between its two main characters Belle and the Beast, specifically how the couple has learned to accept their differences and in turn change each other for the better. Additionally, the song's lyrics imply that the feeling", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17517176", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 soundtrack)\"\nBeauty and the Beast (2017 soundtrack) Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album to the 2017 film \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\". The album, largely based on material from Disney's 1991 animated version, features songs and instrumental score composed by Alan Menken with lyrics by Howard Ashman and three new songs composed by Alan Menken with lyrics by Tim Rice. The soundtrack album was released by Walt Disney Records on March 10, 2017. The songs feature vocal performances by the film's ensemble cast including Emma Watson, Dan Stevens, Luke Evans, Kevin Kline, Josh Gad, Ewan McGregor,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20537925", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)\"\nadaptation; sung by Emma Thompson as Mrs. Potts during the film and also as a duet cover version by Ariana Grande and John Legend during the end credits. Grande and Legend's version of the song is an homage to the cover performed by Dion and Bryson for the 1991 film. \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" was written by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken in 1990. Intending for the song to be \"\"the height of simplicity\"\", the songwriters drew much of its influence from Broadway music. Due to Ashman's failing health, some of \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\"'s pre-production was relocated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7388999", "chunk_text": "\"Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song)\"\nEvermore (Beauty and the Beast song) \"\"Evermore\"\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical fantasy film \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" (2017), a live-action remake of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. Originally recorded for the film by English actor Dan Stevens, who performs the song in his starring role as the titular Beast, \"\"Evermore\"\" was first released as a single by American singer Josh Groban on March 3, 2017. Stevens' version became available on March 10, 2017 when the film's soundtrack was released online, while Groban's cover is played during", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14400853", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nfilm as a \"\"straight-forward, live-action, large-budget movie musical\"\". Menken returned to score the film's music, which features songs from the original film by him and Howard Ashman, plus new material written by Menken and Tim Rice. Menken said the film would not include songs that were written for the Broadway musical and instead, created four new songs. However, an instrumental version of the song \"\"Home\"\", which was written for the musical, is used during the scene where Belle first enters her room in the castle. On January 19, 2017, it was confirmed by both Disney and Céline Dion—singer of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4574299", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)\"\nquickly recorded their vocals at The Power Station in New York over the Labor Day long weekend, while mixing was completed at The Record Plant in Los Angeles. The song was released as the only single from the film's soundtrack, on which the song appears alongside Lansbury's version, on November 25, 1991. The single is a pop ballad that lasts a total of four minutes and three seconds. It begins in the key of F major at a moderately slow tempo of 72 beats per minute, before modulating to D major, then G major, and ending in E major. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6579996", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas\"\nbook, and is heavily based on the motif in the finale of Jean Sibelius' symphony no. 5. \"\"As Long As There's Christmas\"\", the theme of the film, is about finding hope during Christmas Time. The song was sung by the cast of the film with a back-up chorus and is sung when Belle and the enchanted objects redecorate the castle for Christmas. \"\"Don't Fall In Love\"\", sung by Tim Curry, displays Forte's plan on keeping the Beast away from Belle to stop the spell from breaking. \"\"A Cut Above The Rest\"\", also sung by the cast, is about how teamwork", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7389037", "chunk_text": "\"Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song)\"\nplayed during the film's end credits. Groban released a statement, saying: \"\"I am honored to sing this beautiful new song by two of my absolute favorites, Alan Menken and Tim Rice. \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" has been with me since my childhood and to have a musical connection to this new film makes me so happy.\"\" The announcement coincided with the studio's release of a new promotional poster for the film, which Disney allowed the singer to premiere using his official Twitter account. A 30-second sample of the track was uploaded to SoundCloud on February 14, 2017, which Groban also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2965641", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)\"\ntop twenty in Australia, Netherlands and Ireland. The song sold over a million copies worldwide. Dion and Bryson's recording session at The Power Station was filmed and later interpolated with various scenes from the film in order to create a music video, was directed by Dominic Orlando. The video premiered on the music channel VH-1, thus airing to an audience who was not accustomed to seeing animated characters appear in the midst of their regular programming. At the 1992 Oscars, Angela Lansbury, Celine Dion, and Peabo Bryson sang a composite of both versions from the film, backed by dancers dressed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14400856", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nGrande and Legend's updated version of the title song is faithful to the original, Grammy-winning duet, performed by Céline Dion and Peabo Bryson for the 1991 Disney film. Disney debuted the music video for Ariana Grande and John Legend's interpretation of the title song on Freeform television network on March 5, 2017, and it has since been viewed over 100 million views on the Vevo video-hosting service. Emma Thompson also performed a rendition of the title song, which was performed by Angela Lansbury in the original 1991 animated film. On March 16, 2015, Disney announced the film would be released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20110907", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 soundtrack)\"\nStanley Tucci, Audra McDonald, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Nathan Mack, Ian McKellen, and Emma Thompson. The album debuted at No. 3 on the Billboard 200 chart with 57,000 units, 48,000 of which are traditional album sales. It has sold 337,000 copies in the United States as of July 2017. Beauty and the Beast (2017 soundtrack) Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album to the 2017 film \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\". The album, largely based on material from Disney's 1991 animated version, features songs and instrumental score composed by Alan Menken with lyrics by Howard Ashman and three", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8182130", "chunk_text": "\"Something There\"\nSomething There \"\"Something There\"\" is a song written by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken for Walt Disney Pictures 30th animated feature film \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" (1991). Sung by the majority of the film's main cast, the song was recorded by American actors Paige O'Hara as Belle and Robby Benson as the Beast via voice over, featuring actors Jerry Orbach, Angela Lansbury and David Ogden Stiers as Lumiere, Mrs. Potts and Cogsworth, respectively. The only song performed by the Beast, \"\"Something There\"\" is heard midway through \"\"Beauty and the Beast \"\"during a scene in which Belle and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4574295", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)\"\nAlthough Lansbury's rendition was very much appreciated, it was considered to be unsuitable for a commercial release or radio airplay. Thus, the studio decided to make \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" the first Disney song to be arranged into a pop version of itself for the film's end credits. Menken referred to this experience as a \"\"turning point\"\" in his career because it was also the first time one of his own compositions had ever undergone such a transformation. Producer Walter Afanasieff was hired to produce the pop version of the song, which he arranged with musician Robbie Buchanan. Menken commended", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8182115", "chunk_text": "\"Gaston (song)\"\nGaston (song) \"\"Gaston\"\" is a song from the 1991 Disney animated film \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\". A short reprise is performed later in the musical. It is sung by Jesse Corti and Richard White in their voice roles of Le Fou and Gaston, respectively. The song also appears in the 2017 live-action remake, where it is again performed by the characters of LeFou and Gaston, played by Josh Gad and Luke Evans, respectively. \"\"Gaston\"\" sees Gaston and the village people singing about how great he is, in an effort to cheer him up after Belle's rejection. Gaston's talent ranges from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2965674", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)\"\nsinging toilet, yet had mostly \"\"pretty great\"\" lyrics. In Disney's fantasy film \"\"Enchanted\"\" (2007), the Jon McLaughlin ballad \"\"So Close\"\" serves as a \"\"deliberate\"\" reference to both the song and scene. Because director Kevin Lima had always wanted to recreate the cinematography exhibited in \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\"'s ballroom sequence in live-action, an entire dance sequence was filmed to accommodate his vision. In addition to being composed by Alan Menken, one-half of \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\"'s songwriters, \"\"So Close\"\" was arranged by Robbie Buchanan, who arranged the Dion-Bryson single. In a duet with Jimmy Fallon, American singer Ariana Grande impersonated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8182151", "chunk_text": "\"Something There\"\nno room for it\"\" because \"\"it won't be missed.\"\" However, when English actress Emma Watson confirmed in January 2015 that she will be portraying Belle via Facebook, she cited \"\"Something There\"\" as one of her favorite songs from her childhood. Irving Tan of Sputnikmusic jokingly called \"\"Something There\"\" \"\"the closest the movie comes to admitting its horrendously inappropriate stance on human-animal sexual relations.\"\" Something There \"\"Something There\"\" is a song written by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken for Walt Disney Pictures 30th animated feature film \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" (1991). Sung by the majority of the film's main", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20537932", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)\"\nwas present in the recording studio at the time to tears. Meanwhile, the actress credits recording the song with ultimately helping her gain further perspective on Mrs. Potts' role in the film. Some of Ashman's cut lyrics from the 1991 film were reinstated for the version in the 2017 film. The scene in \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" during which the song is heard is the moment when Belle and the Beast's true feelings for each other are finally established. Set in the ballroom of the Beast's castle, \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" is performed by the character Mrs. Potts, an enchanted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2965582", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)\"\nof love is as timeless and ageless as a \"\"tale as old as time\"\". Lansbury's rendition is heard during the famous ballroom sequence between Belle and the Beast, while a shortened chorale version plays in the closing scenes of the film, and the song's motif features frequently in other pieces of Menken's film score. Lansbury was initially hesitant to record \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" because she felt that it was not suitable for her aging singing voice, but ultimately completed the song in one take. \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" was subsequently recorded as a pop duet by Canadian singer Celine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "654020", "chunk_text": "\"Belle (Disney song)\"\nBelle (Disney song) \"\"Belle\"\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Howard Ashman for Walt Disney Pictures' 30th animated feature film \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" (1991). Originally recorded by American actress and singer Paige O'Hara and American actor Richard White, \"\"Belle\"\", a mid-tempo French and classical music-inspired song, incorporates both Broadway and musical theatre elements. The film's first song and opening number, \"\"Belle\"\" appears during \"\"Beauty and the Beast \"\"as a large scale operetta-style production number that introduces the film's heroine Belle, considered a book-loving nonconformist by the townspeople of the village, who has grown weary of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2410262", "chunk_text": "\"Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song)\"\nounces of shame.\"\" 34th Street Magazine contributor Haley Weiss preferred Groban's version to Stevens' original, calling it \"\"breathtaking and downright lovely to listen to\"\" while dismissing the film version as \"\"downright mediocre in comparison.\"\" Weiss questioned why Disney hadn't cast Groban as the Beast instead of Stevens due to the former's acting and musical theatre background. Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song) \"\"Evermore\"\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical fantasy film \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" (2017), a live-action remake of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. Originally recorded for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2965642", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)\"\nas Belle and the Beast. Celine and Peabo also duetted at the Grammys, World Music Awards, AMA's, \"\"Wogan\"\", \"\"The Tonight Show\"\", and \"\"Top of the Pops\"\" later that year. The duo reunited in 1996 to perform the song for the television special \"\"Oprah in Disneyland\"\", while Lansbury provided an encore performance at the 25th Anniversary screening of the film. Each of the 3 respective artists have performed the song in concerts later in their careers, outside the context of Disney's \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\". For example, Lansbury sang it at the 2002 Christmas concert with Mormon Tabernacle Choir. Similarly, Dion", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20537921", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)\"\nDion and American singer Peabo Bryson, and released as the only single from the film's soundtrack on November 25, 1991. Disney first recruited solely Dion to record a radio-friendly version of it in order to promote the film. However, the studio was concerned that the then-newcomer would not attract a large enough audience in the United States on her own, so they hired the more prominent Bryson to be her duet partner. At first Dion was also hesitant to record \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" because she had just recently been fired from recording the theme song of the animated film", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2410222", "chunk_text": "\"Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song)\"\nlearned how to love instead would be more suitable due to the film's three-act structure. \"\"Evermore\"\" is a somber Broadway-influenced power ballad; its lyrics explore themes such as true love, heartbreak, loneliness and sacrifice. In \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\", \"\"Evermore\"\" is performed by the Beast shortly after he releases Belle from the castle so that she may return to the village and aid her father. Despite knowing that freeing her will further jeopardize his chances of becoming human again, the Beast realizes he loves Belle and ultimately sacrifices his own happiness in return for hers. Critical reception towards \"\"Evermore\"\" has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3038844", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (1991 soundtrack)\"\nits songs have also been influenced by French, classical, pop and Broadway music. Credited to Various Artists, \"\"Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack\"\" features performances by the film's main cast – Paige O'Hara, Richard White, Jesse Corti, Jerry Orbach, Angela Lansbury and Robby Benson – in order of appearance. Additionally, the album features recording artists Celine Dion and Peabo Bryson, who perform a pop rendition of the film's title and theme song, \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\", which simultaneously serves as the soundtrack's only single. Following a difficult period during where Walt Disney Feature Animation struggled to release successful", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17390928", "chunk_text": "\"Belle (Disney song)\"\n\"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" at the ceremony, comforted her by telling her, \"\"Paige, if I sang like you I wouldn’t be nervous.\"\" In August 2011, O'Hara performed an abridged version of \"\"Belle\"\" live during the Disney Legends awards ceremony, at which O'Hara was also a recipient. The performance was a \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" medley, during which O'Hara musically combined \"\"Belle\"\" with \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" and \"\"Be Our Guest\"\". In the 2017 live-action adaptation, the song is performed by Emma Watson, Luke Evans, and ensemble. Belle (Disney song) \"\"Belle\"\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4574242", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)\"\n\"\"\"\" (1991). First heard during the film's end credits, the single was produced by Walter Afanasieff who also arranged it with Robbie Buchanan, and included on Dion's self-titled album. The single was accompanied by a music video. Directed by Dominic Orlando, it combined footage of the singers recording the song at The Power Station with excerpts from the film. Both versions of \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" were very successful, garnering both a Golden Globe and Academy Award for Best Original Song, as well as Grammy Awards for Best Song Written for Visual Media and Best Pop Performance by a Duo", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4574248", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)\"\nto a hotel in Fishkill, New York near Ashman's residence to accommodate the ailing lyricist. Out of all the songs he has written for \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\", Menken devoted the most time to the title song. The track was first recorded by British-American actress Angela Lansbury, who voices the character Mrs. Potts, an enchanted teapot. The songwriters first introduced \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" to Lansbury as a demo recording, which was accompanied by a note asking her if she might possibly be interested in singing it. Although a seasoned film and stage performer who had previously done her own", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4574251", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)\"\nrecorded a demo of the song for them to use in the event that no other actress was available to sing it on her behalf, or no character other than Mrs. Potts was deemed suitable. Ultimately, Lansbury recorded her version in one take, which wound up being used in the final film. Producer Don Hahn recalled that the actress simply \"\"sang 'Beauty and the Beast' from beginning to end and just nailed it. We picked up a couple of lines here and there, but essentially that one take is what we used for the movie.\"\" Lansbury's performance moved everyone who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7389007", "chunk_text": "\"Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song)\"\njoking, \"\"it would be like writing 'Don't Cry for Me Brazil',\"\" referring to \"\"Don't Cry for Me Argentina\"\", a song he famously wrote for the stage musical \"\"Evita\"\". Originally entitled \"\"For Evermore\"\", \"\"Evermore\"\" was written by composer Menken and lyricist Rice. The last of the three original songs written for the remake, \"\"Evermore\"\" was completed considerably late into production after the filmmakers finally agreed that the Beast should perform his own. Written in Spring 2015 in London, England, Menken quickly composed its melody before Rice contributed lyrics revolving around the Beast releasing Belle. Actor Dan Stevens, who portrays the Beast", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3038843", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (1991 soundtrack)\"\nBeauty and the Beast (1991 soundtrack) Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the official soundtrack album to the 1991 Disney animated feature film, \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\". Originally released on October 29, 1991, by Walt Disney Records, the album's first half – tracks 2 to 9 – generally contains the film's musical numbers, all of which were written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Howard Ashman, while its latter half – tracks 10 to 14 – features its musical score, composed solely by Menken. While the majority of the album's content remains within the musical theatre genre,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5482439", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (musical)\"\ndevelopment, such as Gaston's \"\"Me\"\", Belle's \"\"Home\"\" and the Beast's \"\"If I Can't Love Her\"\". Some new songs, Maurice's fatherly ballad \"\"No Matter What\"\" and Gaston, Lefou, and Monseuir's D'Arque villainous number \"\"Maison des Lunes\"\", for example, were written to serve as \"\"time-servers\"\". In 1998, a seventh song entitled \"\"A Change in Me\"\" was written four years into production's run specifically for R&B singer Toni Braxton when she joined the cast to play Belle, and appears during the show's second act. The idea for the song originated while Braxton was still in negotiations with Disney to appear in the show", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6341263", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\ndue to confusion among test audiences caused by actress Harriet Jones, who looked similar to Hattie Morahan, who portrayed Agathe. In the original version of the scene, it was Jones's character, the Prince's mother, who sings the first verse of the song, with Rudi Goodman playing the young Prince and Henry Garrett playing his father; but in the reshot version of the scene, the singing part is given to the Prince (now played by Adam Mitchell). The King was also recast to Tom Turner, although Harriet Jones was still the Queen, albeit with dark hair. Both Goodman and Garrett's names", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19641976", "chunk_text": "\"Be Our Guest\"\nBe Our Guest \"\"Be Our Guest\"\" is a song written by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken for Walt Disney Pictures' 30th animated feature film \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" (1991). Recorded by American actor Jerry Orbach and English actress Angela Lansbury as Lumiere and Mrs. Potts, respectively, \"\"Be Our Guest\"\" is a large-scale Broadway-inspired musical number that takes place during the first half of \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\", performed by the castle's staff of enchanted objects in an elaborate attempt to welcome Belle. Menken initially intended for the melody of \"\"Be Our Guest\"\" to be temporary but was ultimately", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2965622", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)\"\ndelivered by Angela Lansbury.\"\" Aylin Zara of BuzzFeed opined that Lansbury's version is superior to the single, penning, \"\"Though the commercial pop version of 'Beauty and the Beast,' sung by Celine Dion and Peabo Bryson, is great, the film version — performed by Angela Lansbury as Mrs. Potts — is even better. Tender and warm ... it tugs at all the right heartstrings to get your eyes a little misty.\"\" Rachael Monaco of AXS cited \"\"Tale as old as time. Tune as old as song. Bittersweet and strange. Finding you can change. Learning you were wrong. Certain as the sun", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20486794", "chunk_text": "\"Be Our Guest\"\ncampy, percussive sound.\"\" Be Our Guest \"\"Be Our Guest\"\" is a song written by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken for Walt Disney Pictures' 30th animated feature film \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" (1991). Recorded by American actor Jerry Orbach and English actress Angela Lansbury as Lumiere and Mrs. Potts, respectively, \"\"Be Our Guest\"\" is a large-scale Broadway-inspired musical number that takes place during the first half of \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\", performed by the castle's staff of enchanted objects in an elaborate attempt to welcome Belle. Menken initially intended for the melody of \"\"Be Our Guest\"\" to be temporary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7389036", "chunk_text": "\"Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song)\"\nas \"\"Evermore\"\". After briefly considering Italian opera singer Andrea Bocelli, Leib suggested American singer Josh Groban because, in his opinion, the singer's \"\"voice is a natural fit for this showstopper of a composition.\"\" Having already known Groban personally, Menken texted the singer who immediately confirmed his interest. Groban recorded the song shortly after the studio made final arrangements with his manager. On January 26, 2017, Disney announced that Groban had recorded a cover of \"\"Evermore\"\" – still entitled \"\"For Evermore\"\", at the time – and revealed that his version would be included on the remake's soundtrack in addition to being", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4574309", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)\"\nJennifer Thomas arranged an orchestral cover of the song featuring cellist Armen Ksajikian to coincide with the release of the 2017 film. In 1993, jazz singer Chris Connor covered \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" for her album \"\"My Funny Valentine\"\". In 1998, O'Hara recorded a version of \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" for her album \"\"Dream with Me\"\". This marked the first time O'Hara had ever recorded the song, although she has covered it live several times. \"\"Billboard\"\" reviewed O'Hara's performance positively, writing that the actress provides each song with \"\"the right youthful and gentle touch.\"\" In 2000, singer Kenny Loggins covered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2410232", "chunk_text": "\"Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song)\"\nMaurice (Kevin Kline). Finally admitting that Belle is no longer his prisoner, the character sings \"\"Evermore\"\" shortly after he releases the heroine from the castle, insisting that she return to her village and protect Maurice from Gaston (Luke Evans). Believing that Belle has been lost to him forever, the Beast is heartbroken by the character's departure and laments his misfortune by performing \"\"Evermore\"\", accepting that releasing his former prisoner makes breaking the enchantress' spell more difficult, even impossible. Serving as a culmination of both the Beast's personal and emotional journeys, Tracy Goldman of \"\"The\"\" \"\"Cornell Daily Sun\"\" observed that the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2965621", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)\"\nthe song as \"\"superb.\"\" Lansbury's vocal performance has also been singled out for praise: \"\"Slant Magazine\"\"s Jaime N. Christley wrote that Lansbury \"\"delivers the film's title tune, gooey treacle that it is, like nobody's business.\"\" Describing the song as \"\"beautiful\"\", the \"\"Chicago Tribune\"\"s Gene Siskel wrote that \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" is \"\"performed poignantly by the richly textured voice of Angela Lansbury.\"\" Similarly, PopMatters' Bill Gibron penned, \"\"the moment Angela Lansbury’s trite teapot steps up to sing the title song, all dry eye bets are off.\"\" The \"\"New York Post\"\"s Lou Lumenick wrote that \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" was \"\"unforgettably", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6579995", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas\"\na rental. But Disney really wants you to put this sucker in your permanent collection. And next to \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" — still the company’s crown jewel — \"\"Christmas\"\" looks like a lump of coal.\"\" The film won two wac awards of its eight nominations. The original score and songs were composed by Rachel Portman with lyrics written by Don Black. The film's songs were recorded \"\"live\"\" with an orchestra and the cast in a room, similar to the first film. \"\"Stories\"\", sung by Paige O'Hara, is about what Belle will give the Beast for a Christmas: a story", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7389000", "chunk_text": "\"Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song)\"\nthe film's closing credits. In the animated film, the Beast barely sings because Menken and original \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" lyricist Howard Ashman had not been able to determine a moment in the film during which it would have been appropriate for the character to perform his own song. Initially, Menken had especially wanted the Beast to perform \"\"If I Can't Love Her\"\", a song he and Rice had written for the character to sing in stage adaptation of the animated film, in the remake, but ultimately decided that an entirely new song that establishes that the Beast has finally", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3963120", "chunk_text": "\"How Does a Moment Last Forever\"\nHow Does a Moment Last Forever \"\"How Does a Moment Last Forever\"\" is a song written by lyricist Tim Rice and composer Alan Menken for the Disney live action film \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" (2017), a remake of the animated musical of the same name. This Broadway-inspired ballad is performed in the movie by American actor Kevin Kline in his role as Maurice. It describes the relationship between his character and that of his wife, Belle's deceased mother. Later in the film, Belle (Emma Watson) performs the song as she discovers the truth about her mother's fate. \"\"How Does a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8182530", "chunk_text": "\"Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song)\"\nthe instrumentation, to \"\"melted-chocolate\"\", gradually becoming more human-sounding as the song progresses. Belting comfortably, Stevens' voice has been compared to that of Terrence Man, the actor who originated the role of the Beast in the Broadway adaptation and recorded \"\"If I Can't Love Her\"\". Mumbling slightly, Stevens begin the song using a more \"\"guttural\"\" part of his voice in an effort to impersonate the sound of a beast before the song truly progresses into \"\"a soaring love ballad\"\". Some traces of Auto-Tune can be heard in Stevens' performance. When Disney released the film's first official trailer in November 2016, \"\"Billboard\"\"'s", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5959578", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (Stevie Nicks song)\"\nBeauty and the Beast (Stevie Nicks song) \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" is a song by the American singer-songwriter Stevie Nicks. It is the final track on her second album \"\"The Wild Heart\"\", released in 1983. It was later released in a live version from Nicks 1986 \"\"Rock a Little\"\" tour as a B-side to the UK single \"\"Whole Lotta Trouble\"\" in October 1989. It also appears on two compilations: \"\"Timespace – The Best of Stevie Nicks\"\", released in 1991, and the boxset, \"\"Enchanted\"\", released in 1998. A new studio version appears on her album, \"\"The Soundstage Sessions\"\", released in 2009.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14400835", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)\"\nBeauty and the Beast (2017 film) Beauty and the Beast is a 2017 American musical romantic fantasy film directed by Bill Condon from a screenplay written by Stephen Chbosky and Evan Spiliotopoulos, and co-produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Mandeville Films. The film is a live-action reimagining of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name, itself an adaptation of Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont's 18th-century fairy tale. The film features an ensemble cast that includes Emma Watson and Dan Stevens as the eponymous characters with Luke Evans, Kevin Kline, Josh Gad, Ewan McGregor, Stanley Tucci, Audra McDonald, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7389011", "chunk_text": "\"Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song)\"\nsong \"\"If I Can't Love Her\"\" in the Broadway musical, identified by Fred Hawson of \"\"ABS-CBN News\"\" as \"\"a grand moving solo\"\" during which the Beast sincerely expresses his undying feelings for Belle. In \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\", \"\"Evermore\"\" appears as a solo performed by the Beast shortly before \"\"The Mob Song\"\" as the film approaches its dramatic climax. After the Beast and Belle (Emma Watson) share a dance in the castle's ballroom to Mrs. Potts (Emma Thompson) singing \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\", the couple has a conversation during which the Beast learns how much Belle actually misses her father,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11975772", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)\"\nmembers of the film's production team visited him after the film's well-received first screening, with Don Hahn commenting that \"\"the film would be a great success. Who'd have thought it?\"\", to which Ashman replied with \"\"I would.\"\" A tribute to the lyricist was included at the end of the credits crawl: \"\"\"\"To our friend, Howard, who gave a mermaid her voice, and a beast his soul. We will be forever grateful. Howard Ashman: 1950–1991\"\".\"\" A pop version of the \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" theme, performed by Céline Dion and Peabo Bryson over the end credits, was released as a commercial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10146500", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (David Bowie song)\"\nBeauty and the Beast (David Bowie song) \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" is a song by David Bowie, the first track on his 1977 album \"\"\"\"Heroes\"\"\"\". It was issued as the second single from the album in January 1978, becoming a minor UK hit, peaking at No. 39 on the UK Singles Chart. The opening music, a disjointed combination of piano, guitar, electronics and voice rising steadily to a crescendo, has been described as sounding like \"\"Bowie is about to turn into The Incredible Hulk before your very ears\"\". The song proper features Robert Fripp on lead guitar, with treatments and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20537924", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)\"\nBeast\"\" also launched Dion's career and established her as a bankable recording artist. After \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" became the first Disney song to undergo a complete pop transformation, several contemporary artists were inspired to release their own radio-friendly renditions of Disney songs throughout the decade. Considered to be among Disney's best and most popular songs, \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" has since been covered by numerous artists. In 2004, the American Film Institute officially recognized \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" as one of the greatest songs in film history, ranking it 62nd. The song is also featured in the 2017 live-action", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4574249", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)\"\nsinging for Disney in the musical film \"\"Bedknobs and Broomsticks\"\" (1971), Lansbury, who was more accustomed to performing uptempo songs, was hesitant to record the ballad because of its unfamiliar rock style. Although she liked the song, Lansbury also worried that her aging singing voice was no longer strong enough to record \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\", and was especially concerned about having to sustain its longer notes. Lansbury suggested that the songwriters ask someone else to sing \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\", but they insisted that she simply \"\"sing the song the way [she] envisioned it.\"\" On October 6, 1990, \"\"Beauty", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_326	what is an example of a government monopoly in the united states?	n/a	[ "West Virginia American Water", "State Bar of Arizona" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1855588", "chunk_text": "\"State monopoly\"\ngovernment monopoly run by the national government, although it may also refer to monopolies run by regional entities called \"\"states\"\" (notably the U.S. states). The most prominent example of a state the monopoly is law and the legitimate use of physical force. In many countries, the postal system is run by the government with competition forbidden by law in some or all services. Also, government monopolies on public utilities, telecommunications and railroads have historically been common, though recent decades have seen a strong privatization trend throughout the industrialized world. In Nordic countries some goods deemed harmful are distributed through a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1855587", "chunk_text": "\"State monopoly\"\nState monopoly In economics, a government monopoly (or public monopoly) is a form of coercive monopoly in which a government agency or government corporation is the sole provider of a particular good or service and competition is prohibited by law. It is a monopoly created by the government. It is usually distinguished from a government-granted monopoly, where the government grants a monopoly to a private individual or company. A government monopoly may be run by any level of government - national, regional, local; for levels below the national, it is a local monopoly. The term state monopoly usually means a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13346357", "chunk_text": "\"State monopoly\"\ngovernment monopoly. For example, in Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, government-owned companies have monopolies for selling alcoholic beverages. Casinos and other institutions for gambling might also be monopolized. In Finland, the government has also a monopoly to operate slot machines. Governments often create or allow monopolies to exist and grant them patents. This limits entry and allow the patent-holding firm to earn a monopoly profit from an invention. Health care systems where the government controls the industry and specifically prohibits competition, such as in Canada, are government monopolies. State monopoly In economics, a government monopoly (or public monopoly) is a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1881478", "chunk_text": "\"Coercive monopoly\"\nor reserve exclusive control over factors of production for the government. The state-owned petroleum companies that are common in oil-rich developing countries (such as Aramco in Saudi Arabia or PDVSA in Venezuela) are examples of government monopolies created through nationalization of resources and existing firms; the United States Postal Service is an example of a coercive monopoly created through laws that ban potential competitors such as UPS or FedEx from offering competing services (in this case, first-class and standard (formerly called \"\"third-class\"\") mail delivery). Government-granted monopolies often closely resemble government monopolies in many respects, but the two are distinguished by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13926799", "chunk_text": "Monopoly\n40% stake in De Beers to Anglo American plc thereby increasing Anglo American's ownership of the company to 85%.[30] The transaction was worth £3.2 billion ($5.1 billion) in cash and ended the Oppenheimer dynasty's 80-year ownership of De Beers. A public utility (or simply \"\"utility\"\") is an organization or company that maintains the infrastructure for a public service or provides a set of services for public consumption. Common examples of utilities are electricity, natural gas, water, sewage, cable television, and telephone. In the United States, public utilities are often natural monopolies because the infrastructure required to produce and deliver a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3340855", "chunk_text": "Monopoly\nNassau and Suffolk counties of New York, and the Rockaway Peninsula in Queens. The Comcast Corporation is the largest mass media and communications company in the world by revenue. It is the largest cable company and home Internet service provider in the United States, and the nation's third largest home telephone service provider. Comcast has a monopoly in Boston, Philadelphia, and many other small towns across the US. The United Aircraft and Transport Corporation was an aircraft manufacturer holding company that was forced to divest itself of airlines in 1934. Iarnród Éireann, the Irish Railway authority, is a current monopoly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15124005", "chunk_text": "Monopoly\nbreakup, are often strongly regulated or publicly owned. American Telephone & Telegraph (AT&T) and Standard Oil are often cited as examples of the breakup of a private monopoly by government. Standard Oil never achieved monopoly status, a consequence of existing in a market open to competition for the duration of its existence. The Bell System, later AT&T, was protected from competition first by the Kingsbury Commitment, and later by a series of agreements between AT&T and the Federal Government. In 1984, decades after having been granted monopoly power by force of law, AT&T was broken up into various components, MCI,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "324991", "chunk_text": "\"Legal monopoly\"\nsometimes call the system a legal monopoly anyway. The creation of Sirius XM Radio by merger left the United States with only one licensed satellite radio broadcasting company. However, the United States Department of Justice decided that this was not harmful to competition, due to the presence of terrestrial broadcasters. Legal monopoly A legal monopoly, statutory monopoly, or \"\"de jure\"\" monopoly is a monopoly that is protected by law from competition. A statutory monopoly may take the form of a government monopoly where the state owns the particular means of production or government-granted monopoly where a private interest is protected", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1487417", "chunk_text": "\"History of monopoly\"\nHistory of monopoly The history of monopoly pertains to the historical tendency of a successful commercial enterprise to dominate an industry. The practice started during Advanced Industrialization with such companies as Standard Oil and the Carnegie Steel Company. The Sherman Antitrust Act was the first Federal statute to limit cartels and monopolies, and today still forms the basis for most antitrust litigation by the United States federal government. Recently, companies such as Microsoft have been accused by the U.S. Department of Justice of the monopolistic practice of Embrace, extend and extinguish. In addition, ExxonMobil and several other corporations have been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16176034", "chunk_text": "\"Legal monopoly\"\nLegal monopoly A legal monopoly, statutory monopoly, or \"\"de jure\"\" monopoly is a monopoly that is protected by law from competition. A statutory monopoly may take the form of a government monopoly where the state owns the particular means of production or government-granted monopoly where a private interest is protected from competition such as being granted exclusive rights to offer a particular service in a specific region (e.g. patented inventions) while agreeing to have their policies and prices regulated. This type of monopoly is usually contrasted with \"\"\"\"de facto\"\" monopoly\"\" which is a broad category for monopolies that are not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "235208", "chunk_text": "\"Coercive monopoly\"\nthe decision-making structure of the monopolist. In government monopoly, the holder of the monopoly is formally the government itself and the group of people who make business decisions is an agency under the government's direct authority. In government-granted monopoly, on the other hand, the coercive monopoly is enforced through law, but the holder of the monopoly is formally a private firm, or a subsidiary division of a private firm, which makes its own business decisions. Examples of government-granted monopolies include cable television and water providers in many municipalities in the United States, exclusive petroleum exploration grants to companies such as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15123959", "chunk_text": "Monopoly\nlaws restrict monopolies. Holding a dominant position or a monopoly in a market is often not illegal in itself, however certain categories of behavior can be considered abusive and therefore incur legal sanctions when business is dominant. A government-granted monopoly or \"\"legal monopoly\"\", by contrast, is sanctioned by the state, often to provide an incentive to invest in a risky venture or enrich a domestic interest group. Patents, copyrights, and trademarks are sometimes used as examples of government-granted monopolies. The government may also reserve the venture for itself, thus forming a government monopoly. Monopolies may be naturally occurring due to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1881480", "chunk_text": "\"Coercive monopoly\"\nStandard Oil in many countries, and historically, lucrative colonial \"\"joint stock\"\" companies such as the Dutch East India Company, which were granted exclusive trading privileges with colonial possessions under mercantilist economic policy. Intellectual property such as copyrights and patents are government-granted monopolies. Another example is the thirty-year government-granted monopoly that was granted to Robert Fulton by the State of New York in steamboat traffic, but was later ruled by the U.S. Supreme Court to be unconstitutional because of a conflicting inter-state grant to Thomas Gibbons by the federal Congress. Economist Lawrence W. Reed says that a government can cause a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1881477", "chunk_text": "\"Coercive monopoly\"\nIn other words, the possibility of competition arising indeed affects their pricing and production decisions. A coercive monopoly would be able to price-gouge consumers secure with the knowledge that no competition will develop. Some see the fact that prices are low as lending evidence to the assertion that a monopoly is a non-coercive monopoly. Undisputed examples of coercive monopolies are those that are enforced by law. In a government monopoly, an agency under the direct authority of the government itself holds the monopoly, and the coercive monopoly status is sustained by the enforcement of laws or regulations that ban competition,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1881472", "chunk_text": "\"Coercive monopoly\"\nposition. A company which has become the sole supplier of a commodity through non-coercive means (such as by simply outcompeting all other firms), may theoretically then go on to become a coercive monopoly if it maintains its position by engaging in coercive \"\"barriers to entry.\"\" The most famous historical examples of this type of coercive monopoly began in 1920, when the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution went into effect. This period, called Prohibition, presented lucrative opportunities for organized crime to take over the importation (\"\"bootlegging\"\"), manufacture, and distribution of alcoholic beverages. Al Capone, one of the most famous", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13926717", "chunk_text": "Monopoly\nMonopoly A monopoly (from Greek μόνος \"\"mónos\"\" [\"\"alone\"\" or \"\"single\"\"] and πωλεῖν \"\"pōleîn\"\" [\"\"to sell\"\"]) exists when a specific person or enterprise is the only supplier of a particular commodity. This contrasts with a monopsony which relates to a single entity's control of a market to purchase a good or service, and with oligopoly which consists of a few sellers dominating a market. Monopolies are thus characterized by a lack of economic competition to produce the good or service, a lack of viable substitute goods, and the possibility of a high monopoly price well above the seller's marginal cost that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6877373", "chunk_text": "\"Monopoly profit\"\nand the quality of the products sold by the various firms, there cannot be a persistent monopolistic situation in the absence of barriers to entry and collusion. Various barriers to entry include patent rights and monopolization of a natural resource needed to produce a product. The American firm Alcoa Aluminum is a historical example of a monopoly due to natural resource control; their control of \"\"practically every source of bauxite in the United States\"\" (bauxite is used to produce aluminum) was one key reason that \"\"Alcoa was, for a long time, the sole producer of aluminum in the United States.\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3009396", "chunk_text": "\"History of monopoly\"\naccused of monopolizing an industry and even crushing competition. History of monopoly The history of monopoly pertains to the historical tendency of a successful commercial enterprise to dominate an industry. The practice started during Advanced Industrialization with such companies as Standard Oil and the Carnegie Steel Company. The Sherman Antitrust Act was the first Federal statute to limit cartels and monopolies, and today still forms the basis for most antitrust litigation by the United States federal government. Recently, companies such as Microsoft have been accused by the U.S. Department of Justice of the monopolistic practice of Embrace, extend and extinguish.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15123958", "chunk_text": "Monopoly\nonly one \"\"buyer\"\" of a product or service; a monopoly may also have monopsony control of a sector of a market. Likewise, a monopoly should be distinguished from a cartel (a form of oligopoly), in which several providers act together to coordinate services, prices or sale of goods. Monopolies, monopsonies and oligopolies are all situations in which one or a few entities have market power and therefore interact with their customers (monopoly or oligopoly), or suppliers (monopsony) in ways that distort the market. Monopolies can be established by a government, form naturally, or form by integration. In many jurisdictions, competition", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7807970", "chunk_text": "\"Government-granted monopoly\"\nGovernment-granted monopoly In economics, a government-granted monopoly (also called a \"\"de jure monopoly\"\") and the monopoly to be served under government is a form of coercive monopoly by which a government grants exclusive privilege to a private individual or firm to be the sole provider of a good or service; potential competitors are excluded from the market by law, regulation, or other mechanisms of government enforcement. As a form of coercive monopoly, government-granted monopoly is contrasted with a \"\"coercive monopoly\"\" or an \"\"efficiency monopoly\"\", where there is no competition but it is not forcibly excluded. Amongst forms of coercive monopoly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7218788", "chunk_text": "\"Market power\"\nMonopoly power is an example of market failure which occurs when one or more of the participants has the ability to influence the price or other outcomes in some general or specialized market. The most commonly discussed form of market power is that of a monopoly, but other forms such as monopsony, and more moderate versions of these two extremes, exist. A well-known example of monopolistic market power is Microsoft's market share in PC operating systems. The \"\"United States v. Microsoft\"\" case dealt with an allegation that Microsoft illegally exercised its market power by bundling its web browser with its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7807972", "chunk_text": "\"Government-granted monopoly\"\nto replace private corporations with public ownership. Under mercantilist economic systems, European governments with colonial interests often granted large and extremely lucrative monopolies to companies trading in particular regions, such as the Dutch East India Company. Today, government-granted monopolies may be found in public utility services such as public roads, mail, water supply, and electric power, as well as certain specialized and highly regulated fields such as education and gambling. In many countries lucrative natural resources industries, especially the petroleum industry, are controlled by government-granted monopolies. Franchises granted by governments to operate public transit through public roads are another example.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16229421", "chunk_text": "Decentralization\nH. Taft]] and [[Woodrow Wilson]] passed as \"\"progressive reforms\"\" centralizing laws like [[The Federal Reserve Act]] of 1913 that gave control of the monetary system to the wealthiest bankers; the formation of monopoly \"\"public utilities\"\" that made competition with those monopolies illegal; federal inspection of meat packers biased against small companies; extending [[Interstate Commerce Commission]] to regulating telephone companies and keeping rates high to benefit [[AT&T]]; and using the [[Sherman Anti-trust Act]] against companies which might combine to threaten larger or monopoly companies. When government licensing, franchises, and other legal restrictions create monopoly and protect companies from open competition, deregulation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13926789", "chunk_text": "Monopoly\nmajor shareholder. The company was an innovator in the development of the business trust. The Standard Oil trust streamlined production and logistics, lowered costs, and undercut competitors. \"\"Trust-busting\"\" critics accused Standard Oil of using aggressive pricing to destroy competitors and form a monopoly that threatened consumers. Its controversial history as one of the world's first and largest multinational corporations ended in 1911, when the United States Supreme Court ruled that Standard was an illegal monopoly. The Standard Oil trust was dissolved into 33 smaller companies; two of its surviving \"\"child\"\" companies are ExxonMobil and the Chevron Corporation. U.S. Steel has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6877377", "chunk_text": "\"Monopoly profit\"\nto cover the average economic cost of producing the product, and the available quantity of the product doubles from its initial sales (under the monopoly). If a government feels it is impractical to have a competitive market, it will sometimes try to regulate the monopoly by controlling the price the monopoly charges for its product. The old AT&T (regulated) monopoly, which existed before the courts ordered its breakup and tried to force competition in the market, had to get government approval to raise its prices. The government examined the monopoly's costs, and determined whether or not the monopoly should be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3340857", "chunk_text": "Monopoly\nthe 17th century. The British East India Company was created as a legal trading monopoly in 1600. The East India Company was formed for pursuing trade with the East Indies but ended up trading mainly with the Indian subcontinent, North-West Frontier Province, and Balochistan. The Company traded in basic commodities, which included cotton, silk, indigo dye, salt, saltpetre, tea and opium. Major League Baseball survived U.S. anti-trust litigation in 1922, though its special status is still in dispute as of 2009. The National Football League survived anti-trust lawsuit in the 1960s but was convicted of being an illegal monopoly in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11369906", "chunk_text": "\"Natural monopoly\"\nNatural monopoly A natural monopoly is a monopoly in an industry in which high infrastructural costs and other barriers to entry relative to the size of the market give the largest supplier in an industry, often the first supplier in a market, an overwhelming advantage over potential competitors. This frequently occurs in industries where capital costs predominate, creating economies of scale that are large in relation to the size of the market; examples include public utilities such as water services and electricity. Natural monopolies were discussed as a potential source of market failure by John Stuart Mill, who advocated government", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15123960", "chunk_text": "Monopoly\nlimited competition because the industry is resource intensive and requires substantial costs to operate. In economics, the idea of monopoly is important in the study of management structures, which directly concerns normative aspects of economic competition, and provides the basis for topics such as industrial organization and economics of regulation. There are four basic types of market structures in traditional economic analysis: perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly and monopoly. A monopoly is a structure in which a single supplier produces and sells a given product. If there is a single seller in a certain market and there are no close", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3340859", "chunk_text": "Monopoly\nthat they could gain power through government did monopolies begin to form. Baten, Bianchi and Moser find historical evidence that monopolies which are protected by patent laws may have adverse effects on the creation of innovation in an economy. They argue that under certain circumstances, compulsory licensing – which allows governments to license patents without the consent of patent-owners – may be effective in promoting invention by increasing the threat of competition in fields with low pre-existing levels of competition. Monopoly A monopoly (from Greek μόνος \"\"mónos\"\" [\"\"alone\"\" or \"\"single\"\"] and πωλεῖν \"\"pōleîn\"\" [\"\"to sell\"\"]) exists when a specific person", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1881484", "chunk_text": "\"Coercive monopoly\"\nproviding lower rates. He was successfully challenged by the U.S. government and exhausted his resources trying to defend what he believed to be his right to compete. 2. For about six months, Thomas Gibbons and Cornelius Vanderbilt operated a steamboat with lower fares in defiance of the law. Gibbons successfully took his case to the United States Supreme Court. The Court ruled in Gibbons v. Ogden that the state-government-granted monopoly, which conducted some service between New York and New Jersey, was an unconstitutional violation of interstate commerce. Fares immediately dropped from $7 to $3. Coercive monopoly In economics and business", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15123957", "chunk_text": "Monopoly\nleads to a high monopoly profit. The verb \"\"monopolise\"\" or \"\"monopolize\"\" refers to the \"\"process\"\" by which a company gains the ability to raise prices or exclude competitors. In economics, a monopoly is a single seller. In law, a monopoly is a business entity that has significant market power, that is, the power to charge overly high prices. Although monopolies may be big businesses, size is not a characteristic of a monopoly. A small business may still have the power to raise prices in a small industry (or market). A monopoly is distinguished from a monopsony, in which there is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17479430", "chunk_text": "\"United States antitrust law\"\nof Justice and the Federal Trade Commission, the governments of states, and private parties. Public enforcement of antitrust laws is seen as important, given the cost, complexity and daunting task for private parties to bring litigation, particularly against large corporations. The federal government, via both the Antitrust Division of the United States Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission, can bring civil lawsuits enforcing the laws. The United States Department of Justice alone may bring criminal antitrust suits under federal antitrust laws. Perhaps the most famous antitrust enforcement actions brought by the federal government were the break-up of AT&T's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "235179", "chunk_text": "\"Coercive monopoly\"\nwith electricity, water, telecommunications, and mail delivery. Some economists believe that such coercive monopolies are beneficial because of greater economies of scale and because they are more likely to act in the national interest, while Judge Richard Posner famously argued in \"\"Natural Monopoly and Its Regulation\"\" that the deadweight losses associated with regulating such monopolies were greater than any possible benefit. A corporation which successfully engages in coercion to the extent that it eliminates the possibility of competition, operates a coercive monopoly. A firm may use illegal or non-economic methods, such as extortion, to achieve and retain a coercive monopoly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5503705", "chunk_text": "\"Perfect competition\"\nthe case of a natural monopoly – it will sometimes try to regulate the existing uncompetitive market by controlling the price firms charge for their product. For example, the old AT&T (regulated) monopoly, which existed before the courts ordered its breakup, had to get government approval to raise its prices. The government examined the monopoly's costs, and determined whether or not the monopoly should be able raise its price and if the government felt that the cost did not justify a higher price, it rejected the monopoly's application for a higher price. Although a regulated firm will not have an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13014651", "chunk_text": "\"Legal monopoly\"\nmonopoly territories. Legal monopolies on alcohol remain commonplace, both as a source of public revenue and as a means of control, and the monopolies on opium and cocaine, formerly important for revenue, were converted or reinstituted during the twentieth century to curb the abuse of controlled substances. For example, Mallinckrodt Incorporated is the only legal supplier of cocaine in the United States. The regulation of gambling in many places includes an official monopoly national lottery or state lottery. Where private operation is allowed, for example in horse racing, off-track betting and casinos, the authorities may license only one operator. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13014652", "chunk_text": "\"Legal monopoly\"\nearly 19th century \"\"Gibbons v. Ogden\"\" case weakened the steamboat monopoly that New York had granted, producing an exception for interstate commerce. However the later Slaughter-House Cases established that a local law creating a legal monopoly did not violate the rights of other merchants in the United States. The National Recovery Act to promote and legally enforce producer cartels was defeated in \"\"Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States\"\". In the middle twentieth century many countries established a monopoly broadcasting agency, such as BBC, Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française, or RAI. Most large countries relaxed their law or privatized their state broadcaster late in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4885899", "chunk_text": "Oligopoly\nU.S. cellular telephone market. Oligopolistic competition can give rise to both wide-ranging and diverse outcomes. In some situations, particular companies may employ restrictive trade practices (collusion, market sharing etc.) in order to inflate prices and restrict production in much the same way that a monopoly does. Whenever there is a formal agreement for such collusion, between companies that usually compete with one another, this practice is known as a cartel. A prime example of such a cartel is OPEC, which has a profound influence on the international price of oil. Firms often collude in an attempt to stabilize unstable markets,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16154673", "chunk_text": "Monopolization\nMonopolization In US antitrust law, monopolization is an illegal and the main categories of prohibited behavior include exclusive dealing, price discrimination, refusing to supply an essential facility, product tying and predatory pricing. Monopolization is an offense under Section 2 of the American Sherman Antitrust Act 1890. It has a specific legal meaning, which is parallel to the \"\"abuse\"\" of a dominant position in EU competition law, under TFEU article 102. The Sherman Act 1890 §2 states that any person \"\"who shall monopolize . . . any part of the trade or commerce among the several states, or with foreign nations", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15123979", "chunk_text": "Monopoly\nproduct is set by a single company (price is not imposed by the market as in perfect competition). Although a monopoly's market power is great it is still limited by the demand side of the market. A monopoly has a negatively sloped demand curve, not a perfectly inelastic curve. Consequently, any price increase will result in the loss of some customers. Price discrimination allows a monopolist to increase its profit by charging higher prices for identical goods to those who are willing or able to pay more. For example, most economic textbooks cost more in the United States than in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3401294", "chunk_text": "\"Mergers and acquisitions\"\nand in part due to the government, however, many of these initially successful mergers were eventually dismantled. The U.S. government passed the Sherman Act in 1890, setting rules against price fixing and monopolies. Starting in the 1890s with such cases as Addyston Pipe and Steel Company v. United States, the courts attacked large companies for strategizing with others or within their own companies to maximize profits. Price fixing with competitors created a greater incentive for companies to unite and merge under one name so that they were not competitors anymore and technically not price fixing. The economic history has been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16503780", "chunk_text": "\"Government agency\"\nwith the authority to legislate (through the issuing, or \"\"promulgation\"\" of regulations), to adjudicate disputes, and to enforce agency regulations (through enforcement personnel). Examples of independent agencies include the Federal Communication Commission (FCC), Federal Reserve Board, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). A broader definition of the term \"\"government agency\"\" also means the United States federal executive departments that include the President's cabinet-level departments, and their sub-units. Examples of these agencies include the Department of Energy (DOE) and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), which is a bureau of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15124003", "chunk_text": "Monopoly\nprivate individual or company to be the sole provider of a commodity. Monopoly may be granted explicitly, as when potential competitors are excluded from the market by a specific law, or implicitly, such as when the requirements of an administrative regulation can only be fulfilled by a single market player, or through some other legal or procedural mechanism, such as patents, trademarks, and copyright. A monopolist should shut down when price is less than average variable cost for every output level – in other words where the demand curve is entirely below the average variable cost curve. Under these circumstances", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4286731", "chunk_text": "\"Alcohol monopoly\"\nAlcohol monopoly An alcohol monopoly is a government monopoly on manufacturing and/or retailing of some or all alcoholic beverages, such as beer, wine and spirits. It can be used as an alternative for total prohibition of alcohol. They exist in all Nordic countries except mainland Denmark (only on the Faroe Islands), and in all provinces and territories in Canada except Alberta (which privatized its monopoly in 1993). In the United States, there are some alcoholic beverage control states, where alcohol wholesale is controlled by a state government operation and retail sales are offered by either state or private retailers. An", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6877374", "chunk_text": "\"Monopoly profit\"\nAnti-Trust (Competition) Laws were created to prevent \"\"powerful firms\"\" from using their economic power to \"\"artificially\"\" create the \"\"barriers to entry\"\" they need to protect their monopoly profits. This includes the use of predatory pricing toward smaller competitors. In the United States, Microsoft Corporation was initially convicted of breaking the Anti-Trust Laws and engaging in anti-competitive behavior in order to form one such barrier in \"\"United States v. Microsoft\"\"; after a successful appeal on technical grounds, Microsoft agreed to a settlement with the Department of Justice in which they were faced with stringent oversight procedures and explicit requirements designed to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15123980", "chunk_text": "Monopoly\ndeveloping countries like Ethiopia. In this case, the publisher is using its government-granted copyright monopoly to price discriminate between the generally wealthier American economics students and the generally poorer Ethiopian economics students. Similarly, most patented medications cost more in the U.S. than in other countries with a (presumed) poorer customer base. Typically, a high general price is listed, and various market segments get varying discounts. This is an example of framing to make the process of charging some people higher prices more socially acceptable. Perfect price discrimination would allow the monopolist to charge each customer the exact maximum amount he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15124030", "chunk_text": "Monopoly\nbeen accused of being a monopoly. J. P. Morgan and Elbert H. Gary founded U.S. Steel in 1901 by combining Andrew Carnegie's Carnegie Steel Company with Gary's Federal Steel Company and William Henry \"\"Judge\"\" Moore's National Steel Company. At one time, U.S. Steel was the largest steel producer and largest corporation in the world. In its first full year of operation, U.S. Steel made 67 percent of all the steel produced in the United States. However, U.S. Steel's share of the expanding market slipped to 50 percent by 1911, and anti-trust prosecution that year failed. De Beers settled charges of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "324989", "chunk_text": "\"Legal monopoly\"\nthe century. In parts of the United States, AT&T had a legal monopoly on the provision of local telephone service and in long distance until 1984 when local service was vertically divested. The divested local companies continued to be protected in lesser degree from competition in the local exchange market as a public utility. National Postal, telegraph and telephone service monopolies were enforced in many countries until the late 20th century. Telstra, for example, had a legal monopoly on telecommunications in Australia. As do the Post Office departments in many countries, the United States Postal Service has a legal monopoly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8373369", "chunk_text": "Duopoly\nmatters of national concern for about a century and a half. Third Parties have encountered various blocks in getting onto ballots at different levels of government as well as other electoral obstacles, such as denial of access to general election debates. A commonly cited example of a duopoly is that involving Visa and MasterCard, who between them control a large proportion of the electronic payment processing market. In 2000 they were the defendants in a U.S. Department of Justice antitrust lawsuit. An appeal was upheld in 2004. Examples where two companies control a large proportion of a market are: In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8373368", "chunk_text": "Duopoly\nDuopoly A duopoly (from Greek δύο, \"\"duo\"\" (two) + πωλεῖν, \"\"polein\"\" (to sell)) is a form of oligopoly where two sellers are the biggest in one market. In practice, the term is also used where two firms have dominant control over a market. It is the most commonly studied form of oligopoly due to its simplicity. There are two principal duopoly models, Cournot duopoly and Bertrand duopoly: Modern American politics, in particular the electoral college system has been described as duopolistic since the Republican and Democratic parties have dominated and framed policy debate as well as the public discourse on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "831717", "chunk_text": "Capitalism\nutilities and enforcing private contracts. Many countries have competition laws that prohibit monopolies and cartels from forming. Despite anti-monopoly laws, large corporations can form near-monopolies in some industries. Such firms can temporarily drop prices and accept losses to prevent competition from entering the market and then raise them again once the threat of entry is reduced. In many countries, public utilities (e.g. electricity, heating fuel and communications) are able to operate as a monopoly under government regulation due to high economies of scale. Government agencies regulate the standards of service in many industries, such as airlines and broadcasting as well", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_327	who sang the song you got a friend in me?	n/a	[ "Lyle Lovett", "Randy Newman" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10732594", "chunk_text": "\"You've Got a Friend in Me\"\nContemporary chart hit, spending 14 weeks on the chart and peaking at number 10. On May 31, 2018, Rex Orange County released a cover of “You’ve Got a Friend in Me”, performing along with Randy Newman, the creator of the song. You've Got a Friend in Me \"\"You've Got a Friend in Me\"\" is a song by Randy Newman. Used as the theme song for the 1995 Disney/Pixar animated film \"\"Toy Story\"\", it has since become a major musical component for its sequels, \"\"Toy Story 2\"\" (1999) and \"\"Toy Story 3\"\" (2010) as well as a musical leitmotif throughout the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10732589", "chunk_text": "\"You've Got a Friend in Me\"\nYou've Got a Friend in Me \"\"You've Got a Friend in Me\"\" is a song by Randy Newman. Used as the theme song for the 1995 Disney/Pixar animated film \"\"Toy Story\"\", it has since become a major musical component for its sequels, \"\"Toy Story 2\"\" (1999) and \"\"Toy Story 3\"\" (2010) as well as a musical leitmotif throughout the whole \"\"Toy Story\"\" franchise. The song was nominated for both the Academy Award for Best Original Song and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, but lost both to \"\"Colors of the Wind\"\" from Disney's \"\"Pocahontas\"\". Like many other Disney", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10732590", "chunk_text": "\"You've Got a Friend in Me\"\ntheme songs, \"\"You've Got a Friend in Me\"\" has been covered numerous times. Cover versions featured in the three \"\"Toy Story\"\" films include a duet with Newman and Lyle Lovett in \"\"Toy Story; \"\" a diegetic instance by Tom Hanks, a version by Robert Goulet and an instrumental by Tom Scott in \"\"Toy Story 2\"\", and a Spanish language version by the Gipsy Kings in \"\"Toy Story 3\"\". The song is played during the opening credits for \"\"Toy Story\"\" and \"\"Toy Story 3\"\", establishing the importance of Woody and Andy in the first film and the importance of all his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10732593", "chunk_text": "\"You've Got a Friend in Me\"\nWoody sees this and has an epiphany, realizing that his mission as a toy is to be there for a child. (In-universe, the song was presumably written for \"\"Woody's Roundup\"\".) The \"\"Woody's Roundup\"\" version was performed by Tom Hanks, with acoustic guitar backing; Wheezy's version was sung by Robert Goulet (though the character was voiced by Joe Ranft); and the Spanish version, \"\"You've Got a Friend in Me (Para el Buzz Español)\"\", was performed by the Gipsy Kings. Michael Bublé covered \"\"You've Got a Friend in Me\"\" on his 2013 album, \"\"To Be Loved\"\". The track became a U.S. Adult", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18548512", "chunk_text": "\"Just a Friend\"\nJust a Friend \"\"Just a Friend\"\" is a song written, produced and performed by American hip hop artist Biz Markie. It was released in September 1989 as the lead single from his album, \"\"The Biz Never Sleeps\"\". It is Markie's most successful single, reaching #9 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 in 1990. The song interpolates the 1968 song \"\"You Got What I Need\"\" recorded by Freddie Scott, whose basic chord and melody provided the base for the song's chorus and made it famous. Due to the widespread popularity of the song along with its acclaim and its influence on pop", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12409379", "chunk_text": "\"You've Got a Friend\"\nYou've Got a Friend \"\"You've Got a Friend\"\" is a 1971 song written by Carole King. It was first recorded by King, and included in her album \"\"Tapestry\"\". Another well-known version is by James Taylor from his album \"\"Mud Slide Slim and the Blue Horizon\"\". His was released as a single in 1971 reaching number 1 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and number 4 on the UK Singles Chart. The two versions were recorded simultaneously in 1971 with shared musicians. \"\"You've Got a Friend\"\" won Grammy Awards both for Taylor (Best Male Pop Vocal Performance) and King (Song of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12409380", "chunk_text": "\"You've Got a Friend\"\nYear). Dozens of other artists have recorded the song over the years, including Dusty Springfield, Michael Jackson, Anne Murray and Donny Hathaway. \"\"You've Got a Friend\"\" was written by Carole King during the January 1971 recording sessions for her own album \"\"Tapestry\"\", and James Taylor's album \"\"Mud Slide Slim and the Blue Horizon\"\". King has stated that \"\"the song was as close to pure inspiration as I've ever experienced. The song wrote itself. It was written by something outside myself, through me.\"\" According to Taylor, King told him that the song was a response to a line in Taylor's earlier", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11091653", "chunk_text": "\"You're a Friend of Mine\"\nYou're a Friend of Mine \"\"You're a Friend of Mine\"\" is a 1985 hit song, written by Narada Michael Walden and Jeffrey Cohen, with lead vocals by Clarence Clemons and Jackson Browne in a duet. At the time of the song's release, Clemons was already well known nationally as the saxophonist in Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band. The song was released on Clemons' solo album \"\"Hero\"\" of that year. Browne's then-girlfriend Daryl Hannah provides background vocals and appears in the song's music video painting and later filming the duo. Also appearing in the video is a backing band, including songwriter", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11091656", "chunk_text": "\"You're a Friend of Mine\"\nin 1987. You're a Friend of Mine \"\"You're a Friend of Mine\"\" is a 1985 hit song, written by Narada Michael Walden and Jeffrey Cohen, with lead vocals by Clarence Clemons and Jackson Browne in a duet. At the time of the song's release, Clemons was already well known nationally as the saxophonist in Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band. The song was released on Clemons' solo album \"\"Hero\"\" of that year. Browne's then-girlfriend Daryl Hannah provides background vocals and appears in the song's music video painting and later filming the duo. Also appearing in the video is a backing band,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10813635", "chunk_text": "\"You've Got a Friend\"\nthe song in early 1971 during the sessions for her third Atlantic Records album \"\"Faithful\"\". Her recording predates that of James Taylor, but it was shelved until 1999 when it was included as a bonus track on the 1999 Deluxe Edition of her first Atlantic album, the critically acclaimed \"\"Dusty in Memphis\"\" (which contained four Carole King compositions). \"\"Faithful\"\" went unreleased due to disputes between Springfield and Atlantic but the sessions were eventually issued as a standalone album in 2015. The song was recorded by Roberta Flack and Donny Hathaway for their 1972 album \"\"Roberta Flack & Donny Hathaway\"\", and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "21003948", "chunk_text": "\"Friends (Bette Midler song)\"\nFriends (Bette Midler song) \"\"Friends\"\" (also titled \"\"(You Got to Have) Friends\"\") is a 1973 hit single by Bette Midler. It was written by Buzzy Linhart and Mark \"\"Moogy\"\" Klingman. In the United States, the song reached #9 on the Adult Contemporary chart and reached #40 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart. A version of \"\"Friends\"\" was recorded by one of the song's co-writers, Buzzy Linhart. More of a rock sound than a pop sound, Linhart's version had an alternative title, \"\"(You Got to Have) Friends\"\". Bette Midler was one of Linhart's close friends during the early 1970s. While rehearsing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10813638", "chunk_text": "\"You've Got a Friend\"\nsoundtrack for the 2004 film \"\"Garfield\"\". In 2005 British pop rock band McFly's cover of this song charted at number one in the UK Singles Chart This was released as a Double-A side along with the band's song All About You. This was also the official 2005 Comic Relief single. In 2016 Raini Rodriguez covered the song in the \"\"Austin & Ally\"\" episode \"\"Musicals & Moving On\"\". Christina Aguilera and Alisan Porter covered the song in The Voice season 10 finale. You've Got a Friend \"\"You've Got a Friend\"\" is a 1971 song written by Carole King. It was first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4615261", "chunk_text": "\"You've Got a Friend (Sonia and Big Fun song)\"\nYou've Got a Friend (Sonia and Big Fun song) \"\"You've Got a Friend\"\" is a song written and produced by Stock Aitken Waterman and performed by Sonia and Big Fun, and featuring Gary Barnacle on sax. The song, a midtempo pop ballad, was released as a charity single for the Childline foundation in June 1990. Initially the artists recorded the well-known Carole King song of the same name, but for reasons unknown it was ultimately not used and SAW wrote an original song with the same name instead. The cover version was finally released in the 2010 re-issue of Big", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10637119", "chunk_text": "\"You Are My Friend\"\nYou Are My Friend \"\"You Are My Friend\"\" is a ballad co-written and recorded by American singer Patti LaBelle, released as the second single off her self-titled debut album, in 1978 on the Epic label. While it only reached as high as number sixty-one on the Billboard Hot-Selling Soul Singles chart upon its initial release, it has gone on to become one of the singer's signature anthems. Patti LaBelle ended an eighteen-year association with Nona Hendryx and Sarah Dash as their group Labelle had decided to break up. LaBelle reluctantly carried on with a solo career with the support of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "79018", "chunk_text": "\"You've Got a Friend (Johnny Mathis album)\"\nYou've Got a Friend (Johnny Mathis album) You've Got a Friend is an album by American pop singer Johnny Mathis that was released on August 11, 1971, by Columbia Records. The phrase \"\"Today's Great Hits\"\" can be found above the title on both sides of the record jacket as well as both sides of the LP label as if to emphasize that this is essentially an album covering songs that were recently on the charts. This was a common practice of many vocalists of the period, so much so in fact that fellow Columbia artist Andy Williams also released an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11897996", "chunk_text": "\"You've Got a Friend (Andy Williams album)\"\nYou've Got a Friend (Andy Williams album) You've Got a Friend is the twenty-eighth studio album by American pop singer Andy Williams, released in August 1971 by Columbia Records. The album bears a striking resemblance to the Johnny Mathis album \"\"You've Got a Friend\"\" released that same month. Besides sharing their name, the two albums are both made up of covers of easy listening hits of the time, with 11 songs each, and the two albums have seven songs in common that are positioned in a similar order. The Williams album made its first appearance on \"\"Billboard\"\" magazine's Top LP's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2767347", "chunk_text": "\"Friends (Elton John song)\"\nFriends (Elton John song) \"\"Friends\"\" is an international hit song composed and performed by English musician Elton John with lyrics by his longtime collaborator Bernie Taupin. It was John's third U.S. hit, and his second to reach Top 40. \"\"Friends\"\" was not the follow-up single to \"\"Your Song,\"\" but was rather the title track and theme song from the movie \"\"Friends\"\" starring Sean Bury, and was included on the soundtrack. It was the only hit single from the LP. The song rose to number 34 on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and number 17 on the \"\"Cash Box\"\" Top 100.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10637125", "chunk_text": "\"You Are My Friend\"\nalbum \"\"The Gospel According to Patti LaBelle\"\", in 2006, as a tribute to her deceased collaborator, James Ellison. You Are My Friend \"\"You Are My Friend\"\" is a ballad co-written and recorded by American singer Patti LaBelle, released as the second single off her self-titled debut album, in 1978 on the Epic label. While it only reached as high as number sixty-one on the Billboard Hot-Selling Soul Singles chart upon its initial release, it has gone on to become one of the singer's signature anthems. Patti LaBelle ended an eighteen-year association with Nona Hendryx and Sarah Dash as their group", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12409382", "chunk_text": "\"You've Got a Friend\"\nJames Taylor version also spent one week at the top of the Easy Listening charts. \"\"Billboard\"\" ranked it as the No. 17 song for 1971. During the recording process, Taylor also offered to his Apple Records labelmate Mary Hopkin a chance to record the song, which she turned down, a decision she later said she strongly regretted. James Taylor and Carole King performed \"\"You've Got a Friend\"\" together in 2010 during their Troubadour Reunion Tour. In 2015, Taylor performed an acoustic rendition of the song at Hôtel de Ville, Paris at the invitation of U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10813637", "chunk_text": "\"You've Got a Friend\"\n1997 and was the third single to be released from the album, it reached #9 on the UK Singles Chart in October 1997. \"\"You've Got a Friend\"\" was performed by Celine Dion, Shania Twain, Gloria Estefan, and Carole King at the \"\"VH1 Divas Live\"\" concert in Beacon Theatre, New York, 1998. It was released as a single and reached number 74 on the Belgian Flanders Airplay Chart. In 2004, English R&B singer Javine released her cover of the song as half of a double A-side single, along with a cover of \"\"Don't Walk Away\"\". Her recording was included in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5632761", "chunk_text": "\"I'm in You (song)\"\nI'm in You (song) \"\"I'm in You\"\" is the hit title song released by Peter Frampton as a single from his album \"\"I'm in You\"\", released in 1977. It rose to No. 2 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and No. 1 on the \"\"Cash Box\"\" Top 100 and in Canada, becoming his most successful single. The song was kept from reaching the top spot on \"\"Billboard\"\" by Andy Gibb's \"\"I Just Want to Be Your Everything\"\". \"\"I'm in You\"\" is ranked as the 42nd biggest hit of 1977. \"\"I'm in You\"\" was written by Peter Frampton after returning to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10732592", "chunk_text": "\"You've Got a Friend in Me\"\nend of \"\"Toy Story 2\"\", the character Wheezy starts to sing it to the other toys; during the end credits of \"\"Toy Story 3\"\", Buzz Lightyear and Jessie (now a couple) perform a pasodoble to a Spanish version of the song, deliberately played by Jessie to get Buzz to dance. The most significant use of the song was in the third act of \"\"Toy Story 2\"\", where an episode of \"\"Woody's Roundup\"\" (the 1950s puppet show he was based on) shows the puppet Woody singing the song, directed at the young audience and featuring a small child hugging the puppet.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9053890", "chunk_text": "\"I've Got the Music in Me\"\nI've Got the Music in Me \"\"I've Got the Music in Me\"\" is a pop song by The Kiki Dee Band, released in 1974. It was written in 1973 by Bias Boshell, Kiki Dee Band's keyboardist. The song entered the UK Singles Chart on 7 September 1974, reached number 19 and stayed in the chart for eight weeks. On the \"\"Billboard\"\" pop chart in the United States, \"\"I've Got the Music in Me\"\" peaked at number 12 on October 19, 1974. It is also the title of a Kiki Dee Band album released in 1974 and re-mastered and re-issued with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14498064", "chunk_text": "\"You've Got a Friend (Sonia and Big Fun song)\"\nFun's album, \"\"A Pocketful of Dreams\"\". The single peaked at #14 in the UK and #12 in Ireland. It was later included on Big Fun's Japanese edition of their debut album \"\"A Pocketful of Dreams\"\". CD single 7\"\" single 12\"\" single You've Got a Friend (Sonia and Big Fun song) \"\"You've Got a Friend\"\" is a song written and produced by Stock Aitken Waterman and performed by Sonia and Big Fun, and featuring Gary Barnacle on sax. The song, a midtempo pop ballad, was released as a charity single for the Childline foundation in June 1990. Initially the artists recorded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3349054", "chunk_text": "\"Eddie Kendricks\"\non Truckin'\"\", becoming the only member of the Temptations to register a #1 hit in the U.S. as a solo artist. As well as reaching #18 in the UK, it sold over 1 million copies, and was awarded a gold disc. Further hits included 1974's \"\"Boogie Down\"\" (US #2, UK #39) and another million selling release, \"\"Son of Sagittarius\"\" (US #28) from the same year, 1975's \"\"Shoeshine Boy\"\" (US #18), and 1976's \"\"He's a Friend\"\" (US #36). Another notable song is \"\"Intimate Friends\"\" (1977), which was sampled for the Alicia Keys song \"\"Unbreakable\"\", \"\"A Penny for My Thoughts\"\" by Common,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1917913", "chunk_text": "\"When You Got a Good Friend\"\nWhen You Got a Good Friend \"\"When You Get a Good Friend\"\" is a blues song recorded on November 23, 1936 in San Antonio, Texas by legendary bluesman Robert Johnson. The song was unissued until 1961, when it was included on the LP \"\"King of the Delta Blues Singers\"\". Johnson performed the song in the key of E, and recorded two takes, the second of which was used for the LP. Both takes are included on the album \"\"The Complete Recordings\"\". The song uses the melody made popular by the hit record \"\"M & O Blues\"\" by Walter Davis. Johnson", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5671474", "chunk_text": "\"Friends (Blake Shelton song)\"\nFriends (Blake Shelton song) \"\"Friends\"\" is a song recorded by American singer Blake Shelton. It was released as the first promotional single from Shelton's tenth studio album, \"\"If I'm Honest\"\" (2016), and is the theme song to the 2016 film \"\"The Angry Birds Movie\"\". It was issued as a digital download on April 8, 2016. The track was written by both Shelton and Jessi Alexander, becoming their first collaboration. The song is about two friends loving each other and sticking together, despite them being \"\"different as different can be\"\". The song describes how friends may fight, but \"\"in the end", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2697144", "chunk_text": "\"Lynn Davis (singer)\"\nLynn Davis (singer) Lynn Davis (born July 12, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and record producer. She rose to prominence after joining The George Duke Band in 1977. During her time with the band, she sang lead vocals on some of their biggest hits: \"\"I Want You for Myself,\"\" \"\"Party Down,\"\" and \"\"Reach Out.\"\" Under the guidance of Epic Records musician and mentor George Duke, Davis continued booking success by contributing background vocals and writing songs for many singers including Tracie Spencer, La Toya Jackson, Patrice Rushen, Anita Baker, and many other singers. Davis's musical genre has varied", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9053891", "chunk_text": "\"I've Got the Music in Me\"\nbonus tracks in 2008. The song is upbeat, describing in various ways how the singer will not be deterred or impeded in their goals, because they possess the quality of 'having the music' in them. I've Got the Music in Me \"\"I've Got the Music in Me\"\" is a pop song by The Kiki Dee Band, released in 1974. It was written in 1973 by Bias Boshell, Kiki Dee Band's keyboardist. The song entered the UK Singles Chart on 7 September 1974, reached number 19 and stayed in the chart for eight weeks. On the \"\"Billboard\"\" pop chart in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6006365", "chunk_text": "\"Freddie Scott\"\nthe Van Morrison tribute album \"\"Vanthology\"\", released in 2003. He died in New York City in 2007 at the age of 74. His 1968 song \"\"You Got What I Need\"\" was sampled for the 1989 Biz Markie hit, \"\"Just a Friend\"\". It was also sampled for Ghostface Killah's \"\"Save Me Dear\"\" in 2004. The song was also parodied by New York DJ Rob Gee in his song \"\"Ecstacy You Got What I Need\"\". Freddie Scott Freddie Scott (April 24, 1933 – June 4, 2007) was an American soul singer and songwriter. His biggest hits were \"\"Hey, Girl\"\", a top ten", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10813634", "chunk_text": "\"You've Got a Friend\"\nrecording of the song a sincerity that he finds Taylor's to lack. Mason also praises the \"\"depth and shading\"\" provided by the string instruments on King's recording. In his review of \"\"Mud Slide Slim and the Blue Horizon\"\", \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" critic Ben Gerson described \"\"You've Got a Friend\"\" as an \"\"affirmative song,\"\" but suggested that James Taylor's version was too similar to Carole King's original version to have been worth including on his album. Music critic Maury Dean describes Taylor's performance style for the song as minimalist and folkish and comments on his \"\"star-spangled sincerity.\"\" Additional musicians Dusty Springfield recorded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19822872", "chunk_text": "\"He's a Friend\"\nHe's a Friend He's a Friend is the seventh album by former Temptations vocalist Eddie Kendricks. It was released in February 1976 on the Tamla imprint of Motown Records. This album was totally embraced by the black and gay underground clubs as a complete entity. The lead and album title single, \"\"He's a Friend\"\" merged the classic Motown sound with T.S.O.P., the Sound of Philadelphia courtesy of Norman Harris and several Philly sessions players. That first single was rotated like a #1 record at these clubs. Along with that, \"\"Get it While It's Hot\"\", \"\"I Won't Take No\"\" and even", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14199732", "chunk_text": "\"Friends (Dionne Warwick album)\"\n#1 on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. A second single, \"\"Whisper in the Dark\"\", was released in 1986. \"\"On My Own\"\", a song recorded by Patti LaBelle and Michael McDonald, was originally written for Warwick by Burt Bacharach and Carole Bayer Sager. Warwick recorded the song to be released on this album but it wasn't included in the final track list. The version recorded by LaBelle and McDonald was released in 1986 and became a hit. Warwick has performed the song live on several occasions. Friends (Dionne Warwick album) Friends is a 1985 album recorded by Dionne Warwick, her seventh", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14323589", "chunk_text": "\"I'm in You (song)\"\nof his live performances of \"\"Frampton's Guitar Circus\"\", in spite of being his biggest hit. I'm in You (song) \"\"I'm in You\"\" is the hit title song released by Peter Frampton as a single from his album \"\"I'm in You\"\", released in 1977. It rose to No. 2 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and No. 1 on the \"\"Cash Box\"\" Top 100 and in Canada, becoming his most successful single. The song was kept from reaching the top spot on \"\"Billboard\"\" by Andy Gibb's \"\"I Just Want to Be Your Everything\"\". \"\"I'm in You\"\" is ranked as the 42nd", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "474940", "chunk_text": "\"I'm In\"\nlover, telling her that \"\"If you need a lover and a friend / Baby, I'm in.\"\" Radney Foster wrote the song with Georgia Middleman, and recorded it as a duet with Abra Moore on his 1999 album \"\"See What You Want to See\"\". This version was released as the first single from the album, and did not enter the charts. Two weeks before the slated release of the album, \"\"See What You Want to See\"\" was put on hold due to label restructuring. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic called \"\"I'm In\"\" one of \"\"the best moments\"\" on the album, saying", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5197173", "chunk_text": "\"All About You/You've Got a Friend\"\nAll About You/You've Got a Friend \"\"All About You/You've Got a Friend\"\" is a double A-side song recorded by English pop rock band McFly. The band's first double A-side single, it was released on 7 March 2005 as the lead single from their second studio album, \"\"Wonderland\"\" (2005). The single was the official \"\"Comic Relief\"\" charity single for 2005, with all royalties being donated to the charity. The single was also used to promote Make Poverty History. The single peaked at number one on the UK Singles Chart, as well as peaking at number one in Ireland. Having sold over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1323268", "chunk_text": "\"Biz Markie\"\nThe single \"\"Just a Friend\"\", in which he alternates between rap and singing, became Markie's most successful single, reaching #9 on the Billboard charts. The song interpolates the 1968 song \"\"You Got What I Need\"\" by singer/songwriter Freddie Scott, whose basic chord and melody provided the base for the song's chorus. \"\"Just A Friend\"\" was ranked 81st on VH1's 100 Greatest One-Hit Wonders in 2000, and later as number 100 on VH1's 100 Greatest Songs of Hip Hop in 2008. The music video, directed by Lionel C. Martin, chronicles the rapper's woman problems. Markie's third studio album \"\"I Need a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19382917", "chunk_text": "\"My Friend (Groove Armada song)\"\nMy Friend (Groove Armada song) \"\"My Friend\"\" is a song by English duo Groove Armada, released as the second single from their third studio album, \"\"Goodbye Country (Hello Nightclub)\"\" (2001). The song features vocals by Celetia Martin and contains a sample from \"\"Got To Learn How to Dance\"\" by Fatback Band and samples a drum break from Skull Snaps' \"\"It's a New Day\"\". The lyrics are an interpolation from Brandy's 1995 hit \"\"Best Friend\"\". The song was featured in a Dutch television commercial for Royal Club soft drinks in 2002, which resulted in a re-release of the single in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1917914", "chunk_text": "\"When You Got a Good Friend\"\ncomposed two songs to this melody - \"\"Ramblin' On My Mind\"\" and \"\"When You Got A Good Friend\"\" - with different musical approaches and different guitar tunings, although both were in the key of E. Eric Clapton recorded the song for the 2004 album \"\"Me and Mr. Johnson\"\". When You Got a Good Friend \"\"When You Get a Good Friend\"\" is a blues song recorded on November 23, 1936 in San Antonio, Texas by legendary bluesman Robert Johnson. The song was unissued until 1961, when it was included on the LP \"\"King of the Delta Blues Singers\"\". Johnson performed the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14895597", "chunk_text": "\"You've Got a Friend (Andy Williams album)\"\nall time, Williams has a chart winner in this delightful program. Along with his new single, 'A Song for You', he turns in exceptional treatments of Carole King's 'You've Got a Friend', Kris Kristofferson's 'Help Me Make It Through the Night', and Nichols-Williams's 'Rainy Days and Mondays'.\"\" From the liner notes for the 2002 CD: \"\"You've Got a Friend\"\" had its biggest success as a recording by James Taylor that spent a week at number one on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and Easy Listening chart, reached number four on the UK singles chart, received Gold certification from the Recording Industry", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19201356", "chunk_text": "\"Mud Slide Slim and the Blue Horizon\"\nMud Slide Slim and the Blue Horizon Mud Slide Slim and the Blue Horizon is the third studio album by American singer-songwriter James Taylor. Released on March 16, 1971 as the follow-up to his commercial breakthrough and critical triumph, \"\"Sweet Baby James\"\", it almost equaled the acclaim and surpassed the success of its predecessor at the time of its release. It contains Taylor's biggest hit single in the US, a version of the Carole King standard \"\"You've Got a Friend\"\", which became his only #1 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" charts on July 31, 1971. The week before, the album itself reached", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5736701", "chunk_text": "\"Friends (Elton John song)\"\nOn the Canadian singles chart \"\"Friends\"\" peaked at number 13. \"\"Friends\"\" also became a medium hit on the Adult Contemporary charts of both nations. Friends (Elton John song) \"\"Friends\"\" is an international hit song composed and performed by English musician Elton John with lyrics by his longtime collaborator Bernie Taupin. It was John's third U.S. hit, and his second to reach Top 40. \"\"Friends\"\" was not the follow-up single to \"\"Your Song,\"\" but was rather the title track and theme song from the movie \"\"Friends\"\" starring Sean Bury, and was included on the soundtrack. It was the only hit single", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8722614", "chunk_text": "Kelli-Leigh\nCore Limited. She has plans for several more single releases throughout 2018 with a view to release an EP in early 2019. In 2011, Kelli-Leigh joined Adele's touring band as a backup singer. Kelli-Leigh Kelli-Leigh Henry-Davila, known professionally as Kelli-Leigh, is a singer and songwriter from South London. She is best known for being the uncredited vocalist in the UK number one singles \"\"I Got U\"\" by Duke Dumont featuring Jax Jones and \"\"I Wanna Feel\"\" by Second City, as well as the credited vocalist in the UK top 10 single \"\"More Than Friends\"\" by James Hype. She has also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19822874", "chunk_text": "\"He's a Friend\"\nMind\"\" also made the Top 20. He's a Friend He's a Friend is the seventh album by former Temptations vocalist Eddie Kendricks. It was released in February 1976 on the Tamla imprint of Motown Records. This album was totally embraced by the black and gay underground clubs as a complete entity. The lead and album title single, \"\"He's a Friend\"\" merged the classic Motown sound with T.S.O.P., the Sound of Philadelphia courtesy of Norman Harris and several Philly sessions players. That first single was rotated like a #1 record at these clubs. Along with that, \"\"Get it While It's Hot\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1927075", "chunk_text": "\"Shelter (Brand New Heavies album)\"\nShelter (Brand New Heavies album) Shelter is an album by the Brand New Heavies that was released in 1997. It is the only album by the group with Siedah Garrett as a member. Garrett had joined the Brand New Heavies in 1996, but left in early 1998 to concentrate on her own songwriting. As part of the band, she enjoyed a minor hit with a cover of the Carole King-penned song \"\"You've Got a Friend\"\" that was originally made famous by James Taylor. It was the group's only top 10 hit single in the UK, reaching number 9 when released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19033598", "chunk_text": "\"One Friend\"\nOne Friend \"\"One Friend\"\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Dan Seals. It was released in September 1987 as the first and only single from his compilation album \"\"The Best\"\". It peaked at #1, becoming his seventh straight number-one single. This song was originally included on his 1984 album San Antone, and this version was the b-side to that album's single \"\"(You Bring Out) The Wild Side of Me\"\". Seals re-recorded \"\"One Friend\"\" again for his 1995 acoustic album, \"\"In a Quiet Room\"\", and a music video was filmed for that version the following year.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17737350", "chunk_text": "\"I've Got Friends\"\nI've Got Friends \"\"I've Got Friends\"\" is a song by American indie rock band Manchester Orchestra. The song was released as the lead single from the band's second studio album \"\"Mean Everything to Nothing\"\". The song was Manchester Orchestra's breakthrough hit, peaking at No. 8 on Billboard's Alternative Songs chart in the summer of 2009. It was the band's first single to chart. Until 2017, \"\"I've Got Friends\"\" was Manchester Orchestra's only top-10 chart success and their highest-charting song; this feat was bested by \"\"The Gold\"\", which reached No. 2 on Billboard's Adult Alternative Songs chart. \"\"I've Got Friends\"\" was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14948741", "chunk_text": "\"Toy Story 2\"\nnew songs for \"\"Toy Story 2\"\" as well as the complete original score: The film carried over one song from \"\"Toy Story\"\", \"\"You've Got a Friend in Me,\"\" sung at two different points during the film by Tom Hanks and Robert Goulet. Pixar showed the completed film at CalArts on November 12, 1999, in recognition of the school's ties with Lasseter and more than 40 other alumni who worked on the film. The students were captivated. The film held its official premiere the next day at the El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles—the same venue as \"\"Toy Story\"\"s—and was released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5479529", "chunk_text": "\"James Taylor\"\nJames Taylor James Vernon Taylor (born March 12, 1948) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist. A five-time Grammy Award winner, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2000. He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 100 million records worldwide. Taylor achieved his breakthrough in 1970 with the No. 3 single \"\"Fire and Rain\"\" and had his first No. 1 hit in 1971 with his recording of \"\"You've Got a Friend\"\", written by Carole King in the same year. His 1976 \"\"Greatest Hits\"\" album was certified Diamond and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16842059", "chunk_text": "\"The Brand New Heavies\"\nMuldaur's \"\"Midnight at the Oasis\"\", was popular only in the UK because it was not included in the US version of the album. Siedah Garrett joined the group for their next album, \"\"Shelter\"\" (1997). It contained the minor hit, the Carole King-penned song \"\"You've Got a Friend\"\" that was originally made famous by James Taylor. Again, though, this song did not appear on the US version of the album. The album also contained the hit \"\"Sometimes\"\". The remix of \"\"Sometimes\"\" included the rap vocals of Q-Tip. The Brand New Heavies then released their greatest hits album, \"\"Trunk Funk – The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_328	where does a wrinkle in time take place?	n/a	[ "Connecticut" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16744037", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\ntelevision film directed by John Kent Harrison, and a 2018 theatrical film directed by Ava DuVernay. The book was written between 1959 and 1960. L'Engle wrote repeatedly about the writing of the story and the long struggle to get it published. In \"\"A Circle of Quiet\"\" (1972), she explains that the book was conceived \"\"during a time of transition.\"\" After years of living in rural Goshen, Connecticut, and running a general store, L'Engle's family, the Franklins, moved back to New York City, first taking a ten-week camping trip across the country. L'Engle writes that \"\"we drove through a world of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15233467", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)\"\nfor \"\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\" took place in multiple locations including Eureka, California in Humboldt County, starting on November 29, 2016. Filming also took place at Eureka's Sequoia Park, located next to Sequoia Park Zoo. After Los Angeles, production moved to New Zealand for two weeks. During the last two weeks of February 2017, filming locations for \"\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\" were established to be in Central Otago, New Zealand. Actors and crew involved were in New Zealand for the two weeks to shoot scenes in the Southern Alps, including at Hunter Valley Station near Lake Hāwea, with cast and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20655378", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\nA Wrinkle in Time A Wrinkle in Time is a science fantasy novel written by American author Madeleine L'Engle, first published in 1962. The book won the Newbery Medal, Sequoyah Book Award, and Lewis Carroll Shelf Award, and was runner-up for the Hans Christian Andersen Award. Throughout the novel, the young characters Meg Murry, Charles Wallace Murry, and Calvin O'Keefe, embark on a journey through space and time, from universe to universe, as they endeavor to save their father and the world. The novel offers a glimpse into the battles between light and darkness, goodness and evil, as the young", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12642935", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)\"\nnovel, following a 2003 television film. Development began in 2010, with DuVernay signing on to direct in February 2016. Principal photography began on November 2, 2016 in Los Angeles, California. Near the end of filming, production moved to New Zealand, where photography ended on February 25, 2017. With an estimated production budget of around $103 million, the film became the first live-action film with a nine-digit budget to be directed by a woman of color. Additionally, \"\"A\"\" \"\"Wrinkle in Time\"\" was notable in that Ava DuVernay was the first African-American woman to direct a film that earned at least $100", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20655390", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\ntheir mission to save their father. This is accompanied by the appearance of the third member of the Mrs. W's, Mrs. Which, who appears to materialize out of nothing. Mrs. Whatsit, Mrs. Who, and Mrs. Which turn out to be supernatural beings who transport Meg, Charles Wallace, and Calvin O'Keefe through the universe by means of tesseract, a fifth-dimensional phenomenon explained as being similar to folding the fabric of space and time. Their first stop is the planet Uriel, a Utopian world filled with Centaur-like beings who live in a state of light and love. Mrs. Whatsit herself shows that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14033011", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)\"\nto play the character Red. The producers on the film are James Whitaker and Catherine Hand. Principal photography on the film began on November 2, 2016, in Los Angeles, California. Tobias A. Schliessler was the film's cinematographer, Naomi Shohan its production designer, Paco Delgado its costume designer, and Rich McBride its visual effects supervisor. During production, DuVernay asked McBride to be as flexible as possible on visual effects sequences to allow her to make changes and incorporate new ideas during shooting. The director decided to put \"\"a certain Stephen King website\"\" in, and a \"\"colorful post-credits scene\"\" in it. Filming", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16744062", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\nabsolute nature of human experience that they share.\"\" Camazotz is a planet of extreme, enforced conformity, ruled by a disembodied brain called IT. Camazotz is similar to Earth, with familiar trees such as birches, pines, and maples, an ordinary hill on which the children arrive, and a town with smokestacks, which \"\"might have been one of any number of familiar towns\"\". The horror of the place arises from its ordinary appearance, endlessly duplicated. The houses are \"\"all exactly alike, small square boxes painted gray,\"\" which, according to author Donald Hettinga, signals a comparison to \"\"the burgeoning American suburbia,\"\" such as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14033000", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)\"\nwoman who speaks only in quotations and seems to know Charles Wallace. When Calvin joins Meg and Charles Wallace in their backyard, Mrs. Whatsit appears with Mrs. Who and another woman, Mrs. Which. The three reveal themselves as astral travelers and lead Meg, Calvin, and Charles Wallace through a tesseract taking them to a distant planet named Uriel. Mrs. Whatsit transforms into a beautiful green flying creature and takes the children up into the atmosphere, where they see a dark shadow known as The IT. Gaining the women's trust, Meg and the others tesser to another planet where a seer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14033001", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)\"\nknown as the Happy Medium resides. The Happy Medium shows them Meg's father is trapped on a planet called Camazotz, The IT's homeworld. Mrs. Which also explains that The IT represents all of the greed, anger, pride, selfishness, and low self-esteem in the world. He shows them examples of these characteristics, including a friend and neighbor of Charles Wallace's getting mugged at a bus stop, her school enemy Veronica Kiley's extreme self-consciousness about her weight, and that Calvin, despite being popular at school, is forced and abused to be a perfectionist by his father. The three Mrs. propose that they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3846225", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\nfind their father. Under the man's influence, he takes Meg and Calvin to the place where Alexander is being held prisoner because he would not succumb to the group mind. The planet turns out to be controlled by an evil disembodied brain with powerful abilities, which the inhabitants of Camazotz call \"\"IT.\"\" Charles Wallace takes them to the place where IT is held. In such proximity to IT, the children are threatened by a possible telepathic takeover of their minds. With special powers from Mrs Who's glasses, Alexander is able to \"\"tesser\"\" Calvin, Meg and himself away from Camazotz, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3846226", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\nCharles Wallace is left behind, still under the influence of IT. Dr. Murry, inexperienced at tessering, does not know how to protect Meg from the Black Thing, nearly killing her. When they arrive on the neighboring planet of Ixchel, Meg is nearly frozen, and paralyzed. Calvin and the Murrys are discovered by the planet's inhabitants - large, eyeless beasts with featureless faces, tentacles and four arms, who prove both wise and gentle. Meg's paralysis is cured under the care of one inhabitant, whom Meg nicknames Aunt Beast. Meg overcomes her anger at her father for leaving Charles Wallace on Camazotz,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11400996", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)\"\nA Wrinkle in Time (2018 film) A Wrinkle in Time is a 2018 American science fantasy adventure film directed by Ava DuVernay and written by Jennifer Lee and Jeff Stockwell, based on Madeleine L'Engle's 1962 novel of the same name. Produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Whitaker Entertainment, the story follows a young girl who, with the help of three astral travelers, sets off on a quest to find her missing father. The film stars Oprah Winfrey, Reese Witherspoon, Mindy Kaling, Storm Reid, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Michael Peña, Zach Galifianakis, and Chris Pine. It is Disney's second film adaptation of L'Engle's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14032998", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)\"\nmillion domestically. \"\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\" premiered at the El Capitan Theatre on February 26, 2018, with a theatrical release on March 9, 2018. With a total production and advertisement budget of around $150 million, the film was a box office bomb, grossing $132 million worldwide. The film received mixed reviews, with critics taking issue \"\"with the film's heavy use of CGI and numerous plot holes\"\" while some \"\"celebrated its message of female empowerment and diversity\"\". Thirteen-year-old middle school student Meg Murry struggles to adjust to both her school and home life ever since her father Alex, a renowned scientist,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20655392", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\nstar who exploded in an act of self-sacrifice to fight the darkness. The children then travel to the dark planet of Camazotz, which has succumbed to the Black Thing. Meg's father is trapped there. They find that all the inhabitants behave in a mechanical way and seem to be under the control of a single mind. At the planet's central headquarters, CENTRAL Central Intelligence, they discover a telepathic red-eyed man who can cast a hypnotic spell and claims to know their father’s whereabouts. Charles Wallace deliberately looks into the man’s red eyes, allowing himself to be hypnotized in order to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14033002", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)\"\ntravel back to Earth to regroup, but Meg's strong will to find her father overrides the tesseract, and she accidentally redirects them to Camazotz instead. Upon arriving on Camazotz, Mrs. Which, Mrs. Whatsit, and Mrs. Who find that they are unable to stay, because Camazotz's evil is stronger than their light. Before they depart, they bestow gifts upon Meg: Mrs. Who's glasses, the knowledge of Meg's faults, and the command to never separate. The trio treks through Camazotz's hazardous traps before reaching a crowded beach where they meet the IT's bodyguard form, Red. He offers the starving children food and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3846234", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\nSandy and his twin brother Dennys are the middle children in the Murry family, older than Charles Wallace but younger than Meg. They are 10 years old at the time of this book. The twins are depicted as inseparable from one another. The wife of the constable in Meg's hometown. Mr. Jenkins is Meg's high-school principal who implies that her family is in denial about Mr. Murry's true whereabouts. The Happy Medium is human in appearance. She uses her powers and a crystal ball to look at distant places and people. She lives in a cavern on a planet in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14032999", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)\"\nmysteriously disappeared while he was studying astrophysics when she was very young. Both Meg and her mother Kate believed he solved the question of humanity's existence and theorized that he was teleported to another world. During the night, Meg's younger brother Charles Wallace welcomes Mrs. Whatsit, a red-haired stranger in an extravagant white dress, into the Murry family house. Mrs. Whatsit claims that the tesseract, a type of space-travel Alex was working on, is real and leaves soon after. The next day, one of Meg's classmates, Calvin O'Keefe, joins them to go to the house of Mrs. Who, another strange", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16744063", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\nthe post-war housing developments of Levittown, Pennsylvania. The people who live in the houses are similarly described as \"\"mother figures\"\" who \"\"all gave the appearance of being the same\"\". Scholar William Blackburn draws a comparison to \"\"an early sixties American image of life in a Communist state\"\", a characterization Blackburn later dismissed. At the time of the book's publication, \"\"Kirkus Reviews\"\" said, \"\"Readers who relish symbolic reference may find this trip through time and space an exhilarating experience; the rest will be forced to ponder the double entendres.\"\" In a retrospective essay about the Newbery Medal-winning books from 1956 to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16744050", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\nand Branwen O'Keefe's eleven children: a tall, thin, red-haired 14-year-old high school junior. He shows some signs of being able to communicate telepathically, the same power Charles Wallace seems to have. Mrs. Whatsit, Mrs. Who, and Mrs. Which are immortal beings who can travel across large stretches of time and space by dematerializing and rematerializing. They are capable of shapeshifting, but spend most of their time on Earth as elderly women. All three are billions of years old and were once stars that had sacrificed themselves as a nova or supernova to destroy parts of the Black Thing. Mrs. Whatsit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16744066", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\nby the author. On January 10, 2012, Audible released a 50th anniversary edition recorded by Hope Davis. An adaptation by James Sie premiered at the Lifeline Theatre in Chicago in 1990, and returned to the stage in 1998 and 2017. John Glore adapted the novel as a play that premiered in 2010. It was written for six actors playing 12 parts. One actor plays Mrs Whatsit, the Man with Red Eyes, and Camazotz Man. Dr. Kate Murry, Mrs Who, Camazotz Woman, and Aunt Beast also share one performer. The stage adaptation premiered in Costa Mesa, California, with productions in Bethesda,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16383760", "chunk_text": "\"Meg Murry\"\neight books, written between 1959 and 1989. A further novel about Meg as an adult, begun in the 1990s, remains unfinished. In A Wrinkle in Time (1962), Meg longs for her father, who has mysteriously disappeared. She becomes friends with fellow student Calvin O'Keefe, who joins Meg and Charles Wallace in traveling by tesseract to other planets and provides Meg much-needed emotional support. Together they rescue Dr. Murry on the dark planet Camazotz. Meg ultimately rescues Charles Wallace from Camazotz as well, not through her own intelligence or strength but simply by loving him. In A Wind in the Door", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9232357", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time (2003 film)\"\nbroadcast of the completed film was delayed several times; it finally aired in the United States on ABC May 10, 2004. The film received negative reviews. \"\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\" premiered at the Toronto Children's film Festival on April 24, 2003, where it won the Best Feature Film Award. Meg Murry (Katie Stuart) is having a difficult time. Her father, astrophysicist Dr. Jack Murry (Chris Potter), has mysteriously disappeared. Her youngest brother, Charles Wallace (David Dorfman), a genius, is teased and belittled and thought to be stupid because he does not talk to anyone but family. Meg does not get", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14033003", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)\"\ntells them that Alex is safe and happy. He reveals to them there is nothing to worry about here, but Calvin and Meg realize something is wrong when Charles Wallace proclaims that all of the food tastes like sand. When Red starts repeating the times tables, Charles Wallace is hypnotized by the rhythm, allowing the IT to take full control of his mind. When Meg and Calvin pursue Red and Charles Wallace, they find themselves in a seemingly empty room, the \"\"CENTRAL Central Intelligence\"\" (and after they arrived, Red has been shutdown). Using Mrs. Who's glasses, Meg finds an invisible", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20655379", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\ncharacters mature into adolescents on their journey. The novel wrestles with questions of spirituality and purpose, as the characters are often thrown into conflicts of love, divinity, and goodness. It is the first book in L'Engle's Time Quintet, which follows the Murrys and Calvin O'Keefe. L'Engle mirrored the Murry family after her own. Scholar Bernice E. Cullinan noted that L'Engle created characters who \"\"share common joy with a mixed fantasy and science fiction setting.\"\" The novel's scientific and religious undertones are therefore highly reflective upon the life of L'Engle. The book inspired two film adaptations, both by Disney: a 2003", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9232356", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time (2003 film)\"\nA Wrinkle in Time (2003 film) A Wrinkle in Time is a 2003 Canadian-American made-for-television fantasy film directed by John Kent Harrison from a teleplay by Susan Shilliday based on the 1962 novel of the same name by Madeleine L'Engle. It is produced by Walt Disney Television, Dimension Television, Fireworks Entertainment, and The Kerner Entertainment Company. The film stars Katie Stuart, Gregory Smith, David Dorfman, Chris Potter, Kyle Secor, Seán Cullen, Sarah-Jane Redmond, Kate Nelligan, Alison Elliot, and Alfre Woodard. Although footage from the project appeared in a trailer on \"\"Spy Kids\"\" DVD and VHS copies as early as 2001,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14193480", "chunk_text": "\"Time Quintet\"\nway of looking at time as \"\"real time, pure numbers with no measurement\"\", reflecting her belief that \"\"God's time and our time are not the same\"\". Each of the books contains one or more instances of tessering, carrying the protagonists to metaphysical battlegrounds in the cosmic struggle between good and evil. The eponymous \"\"wrinkle in time\"\" is a short hop to the immediate past engineered by the Mrs. W's to allow Meg, Calvin and Charles Wallace to accomplish their mission and return before they are missed at home. In \"\"A Wind in the Door\"\", Proginoskes takes Meg to \"\"yesterday\"\" to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3321169", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time (2003 film)\"\nalong with her peers, teachers, her 10-year-old twin brothers (Munro Chambers, Thomas Chambers), or even with herself. Into this unhappy situation comes a stranger, the mysterious, weirdly dressed Mrs. Whatsit (Alfre Woodard), and her friends Mrs. Who (Alison Elliott) and Mrs. Which (Kate Nelligan). They take Meg, Charles Wallace, and their new friend Calvin O'Keefe (Gregory Smith) via tesseract to other planets, preparing the children for a mission to rescue Dr. Murry from the malevolent \"\"IT\"\" on the planet Camazotz. Along the way they ride on the back of a beautiful winged creature (the transformed Mrs. Whatsit), learn about the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11401004", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)\"\nAfter returning home, Meg, Charles Wallace, and their dad all reunite and assure that they all love each other. In October 2010, it was announced that Walt Disney Pictures had retained the film rights for the 1962 novel \"\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\", by Madeleine L'Engle, which had previously been made as a 2003 television film. Following the financial success of Tim Burton's \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\" (2010), Disney announced that they had hired Jeff Stockwell to write the screenplay for Cary Granat and his new Bedrock Studios. Granat had previously worked with Disney on the \"\"Chronicles of Narnia\"\" and \"\"Bridge to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16382895", "chunk_text": "\"Charles Wallace Murry\"\non ABC, directed by John Kent Harrison, from an adapted teleplay by Susan Shilliday. In 2018, Deric McCabe portrayed Charles Wallace in the Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures theatrical adaptation of \"\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\", directed by Ava DuVernay and written by Jennifer Lee. The actor's ethnicity is Filipino, and it is explained that the character is adopted. Charles Wallace Murry Charles Wallace Murry is a fictional character in the first three books in Madeleine L'Engle's Time Quintet of science fantasy novels. He is the younger brother of Meg Murry, the main character in the stories. Of the Murry children,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3846232", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\nis the youngest of the Mrs. W's (despite being 2,379,152,497 years, 8 months, and 3 days old), and interacts with the children. Mrs. Who communicates in Latin, Spanish, Italian, German, French, Portuguese and Greek. She struggles to articulate her words. Mrs. Which is the leader of the three women and the wisest. Her distinguishing quirk is her long, drawn-out method of speech, symbolized by doubled and tripled consonants in her words. IT is the bodiless, telepathic brain that dominates the planet of Camazotz and is the main antagonist of the story. IT is described as a giant sized human brain.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20655389", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\nThe following afternoon, Meg and Charles Wallace encounter Meg's schoolmate, Calvin O'Keefe, a high-school junior who, although he is a popular at school, considers himself a misfit as well. They then go to visit an old haunted house near town which Charles Wallace already knows is the home of Mrs. Whatsit. There they encounter two companions of Mrs. Whatsit's, the equally strange Mrs. Who and the unseen voice of Mrs. Which. She promises that she and her friends will help Meg find and rescue her father. In the evening, Charles Wallace declares it is time for them to go on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16744055", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\nOrion's Belt. Aunt Beast, (a name created by Meg) , is a character who nurses and befriends Meg on the planet Ixchel. The character is a four-armed eyeless gray creature with telepathic abilities and numerous long, waving tentacles instead of fingers. The character's actual name, if any, is not given. The novel is highly spiritualized, with notable influences of divine intervention and prominent undertones of religious messages. According to scholar James Beasley Simpson, the overwhelming love and desire for light within the novel is directly representative of a Christian love for God and Jesus Christ. Furthermore, the children encounter spiritual", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20655387", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\nnew edition includes a previously unpublished interview with L'Engle as well as the text of her Newbery Medal acceptance speech. Thirteen-year-old Meg Murry's classmates and teachers see her as a troublesome and stubborn student. Her family knows that she is emotionally immature but also sees her capable of doing great things. The family includes her scientist mother Katherine, her missing scientist father Alexander, the twins Sandy and Dennys, and her five-year-old brother Charles Wallace Murry, a child genius who can sometimes read Meg's mind. The book begins with the line \"\"It was a dark and stormy night,\"\" an allusion to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16750706", "chunk_text": "\"Madeleine L'Engle\"\nMadeleine L'Engle Madeleine L'Engle Camp (; November 29, 1918 – September 6, 2007) was an American writer of young adult fiction, including \"\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\" and its sequels: \"\"A Wind in the Door\"\", \"\"A Swiftly Tilting Planet\"\", \"\"Many Waters\"\", and \"\"An Acceptable Time\"\". Her works reflect both her Christian faith and her strong interest in science. Madeleine L'Engle Camp was born in New York City on 29 November 1918, and named after her great-grandmother, Madeleine Margaret L'Engle, otherwise known as Mado. Her maternal grandfather was Florida banker Bion Barnett, co-founder of Barnett Bank in Jacksonville, Florida. Her mother, a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20655388", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\nthe opening words in Edward Bulwer-Lytton's 1830 novel \"\"Paul Clifford\"\". Unable to sleep during a thunderstorm, Meg descends from her attic room to find Charles Wallace sitting at the table drinking milk and eating bread and jam. They are then joined by their mother, and are visited by their new eccentric neighbor, Mrs. Whatsit. In the course of conversation, Mrs. Whatsit casually mentions that there is such a thing as a tesseract, which causes Katherine to almost faint. The next morning, Meg discovers that the term refers to a scientific concept her father was working on before his mysterious disappearance.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3846228", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\nto defeat the strong (1 Corinthians 1:27-29). Mrs. Which tells Meg that she has one thing that IT does not have but doesn't specify what it is. Upon arriving at the building where IT is housed, Charles Wallace is still there under IT's influence. Meg realizes that the one thing she has that IT does not is love. She focuses all her love at Charles Wallace and is able to free him from IT's control. Mrs. Who, Mrs. Which and Mrs. Whatsit tesser the Murrys and Calvin back to Earth. In the vegetable garden they are all reunited with Katherine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3846239", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\nMrs Whatsit's temporary transformation into one of these winged creatures, it is the place where \"\"the guardian angels show the questers a vision of the universe that is obscured on earth.\"\" The three women are described as ancient star-beings who act as guardian angels. The theme of picturing the fight of good against evil as a battle of light and darkness is a recurring one. Its manner is reminiscent of the prologue to the Gospel of John, which is quoted within the book. When the Mrs W's reveal their secret roles in the cosmic fight against darkness, they ask the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20655391", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\nshe, Mrs. Who, and Mrs. Which are all these centaur-like creatures in disguise as humans. There the Mrs. W's reveal to the children that the universe is under attack from an evil being who appears as a large dark cloud called The Black Thing, which is essentially the personification of evil. The children are then taken to visit the Happy Medium, a woman with a crystal ball through which they see that Earth is partially covered by the darkness, although great religious figures, philosophers, scientists, and artists have been fighting against it. Mrs. Whatsit is revealed to be a former", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15233468", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)\"\ncrew treated to a traditional Māori powhiri and karakia. Filming wrapped in New Zealand's South Island after two weeks, and DuVernay declared the cast and crew's love for New Zealand in an Instagram post. On September 28, 2017, Ramin Djawadi was announced as the composer for the film, replacing Jonny Greenwood, who was initially chosen to compose, and scored the film. On February 20, 2018, it was announced that the soundtrack would feature appearances from Sade, Sia, Kehlani, Chloe x Halle, Freestyle Fellowship, DJ Khaled, and Demi Lovato. The film was released in the United States on March 9, 2018.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15233465", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)\"\nquotation-reciting Mrs. Who. On September 13, 2016, Storm Reid was cast in the lead role of Meg Murry, a young girl traumatized by the disappearance of her scientist father years before. In October 2016, Gugu Mbatha-Raw and Chris Pine were cast as the parents of Meg, Dr. Kate Murry and Dr. Alex Murry, respectively. On November 1, 2016, more cast were announced, including Zach Galifianakis as the Happy Medium, André Holland as Principal Jenkins, Levi Miller as Calvin, and Deric McCabe as Charles Wallace, along with Bellamy Young, Rowan Blanchard and Will McCormack. Michael Peña later also joined the cast", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16744049", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\nand the twins. Mrs. Whatsit says that although she and the others like the spectacle of the family reuniting, they have to go somewhere. Before Mrs. Whatsit finishes her sentence, she and the others disappear. Meg is the oldest child of scientists Alex and Kate Murry, about thirteen years old. Introduced on the first page of the book, she is the story's main protagonist. Charles Wallace is the youngest Murry child, at five years old. Charles Wallace speaks only to his family, but can empathically or telepathically read certain people's thoughts and feelings. Calvin is the third oldest of Paddy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16744060", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\nthe religious content within the novel: \"\"If I've ever written a book that says what I feel about God and the universe, this is it.\"\" Further, the themes of conformity and the status quo are present. IT is a powerful dominant group that manipulates the planet of Camazotz into conformity. Even Charles Wallace falls prey and is hence persuaded to conform. It is thanks to Meg that she and her family are able to break from conformity. According to the author's granddaughter Charlotte Jones Voiklis, the story was not a simple allegory of communism; in a three-page passage that was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3846233", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\nWhile IT usually speaks through one of its pawns, IT can speak directly to people through telepathy. The Black Thing, a formless, shadowy being, is the source of all evil in the universe. Alex Murry, the father of the Murry children, is a physicist who is researching the mysteries of the space/time continuum. He has been missing for some time at the start of the novel. Katherine Murry, the mother of the Murry children, is a microbiologist. She is considered beautiful by the Murry children and others, having \"\"flaming red hair\"\", creamy skin, and violet eyes with long dark lashes.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16744068", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\nLarson announced that she was writing and illustrating the official graphic novel version of the book. This version was published by Farrar, Straus & Giroux in October 2012. L'Engle wrote four other books featuring this generation of the Murry family, collectively known as the Time Quintet. Jean C. Fulton remarks that the books are not \"\"intended to be read consecutively, these books, though integrated, are independent.\"\" Although \"\"Many Waters\"\" was published approximately eight years after \"\"A Swiftly Tilting Planet\"\", it takes place several years earlier, when Sandy and Dennys are in high school and Meg is in college. Four further", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15233464", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)\"\nchoice of a director, due to the fact that she was able to correctly highlight and expose the struggles young African-American girls in society experience. On July 26, 2016, \"\"Variety\"\" reported that Oprah Winfrey had begun final negotiations to join the film to play Mrs. Which, the eldest of the three Mrs. Ws, celestial beings who help guide the children along their journey. On September 7, 2016, Reese Witherspoon and Mindy Kaling were reported as being in talks to join the film, with Witherspoon to play Mrs. Whatsit, who presents as a chatty, grandmotherly sprite, and Kaling set for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3846227", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\nrealizing that parents can't fix everything, and sometimes children can solve problems themselves. Then the trio of Mrs. Whatsit, Mrs. Who, and Mrs. Which arrive. They charge Meg with rescuing Charles Wallace from IT, because only Meg has a strong enough bond with him. Their father had last seen Charles Wallace when he was a baby and Calvin had only just met him. They each give her a gift. Mrs. Whatsit gives Meg her love. Mrs. Who quotes to Meg a passage from the Bible about God choosing the foolish of the world to confound the wise, and the weak", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14193481", "chunk_text": "\"Time Quintet\"\nshow her the Echthroi destroying a patch of stars. Charles Wallace spends most of \"\"A Swiftly Tilting Planet\"\" \"\"Within\"\" the bodies and minds of people from the past, traveling there by unicorn. \"\"Many Waters\"\" finds Sandy and Dennys stranded in the time of Noah after using their parents' computer while an experiment is in progress. The world of L'Engle's characters is filled with fictional place names, often taken from mythological figures that relate symbolically to the locale. For example, the planet Ixchel in \"\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\", where Meg is cared for by a motherly sightless creature with tentacles, is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16744057", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\nL'Engle utilizes numerous religious references and allusions in the naming of locations within the novel. The name Camazotz refers to a Mayan bat god, one of L'Engle's many mythological allusions in her nomenclature. The name Ixchel refers to a Mayan jaguar goddess of medicine. Uriel is a planet with extremely tall mountains, an allusion to the Archangel Uriel. It is inhabited by creatures that resemble winged centaurs. It is \"\"the third planet of the Star Malak (meaning 'angel' in Hebrew) in the spiral nebula Messier 101\"\", which would place it at roughly 25 million light-years from Earth. The site of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16383775", "chunk_text": "\"Meg Murry\"\nto the novel version in behavior and intelligence. However, the television Meg does not wear glasses, and has a troublesome encounter with a teacher that does not appear in the book. A theatrical adaptation of \"\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\" was released on March 9, 2018, by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It stars Storm Reid as Meg. Her ethnicity is changed to biracial and she is picked on by her neighbor and classmate, Veronica. Near the end of the film, she learns to appreciate her own worth. Meg Murry Margaret \"\"Meg\"\" Murry O'Keefe is the main character in Madeleine L'Engle's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10835557", "chunk_text": "\"Meg Murry\"\nAustin family book \"\"A Severed Wasp\"\", which should take place over twenty years after \"\"Dragons\"\" based on character chronologies, makes the same end-of-century references. L'Engle refers to these stories as taking place in Kairos, which she defines in the front of the \"\"Many Waters\"\" hardback as \"\"real time, pure numbers with no measurement\"\" instead of \"\"ordinary, wrist-watch, alarm-clock time.\"\" Nevertheless, it is possible to determine a plausible (albeit arbitrary) approximate date of 1970 for the events of \"\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\". This would give Meg an approximate birth date of 1956. If Meg is 14 in \"\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_329	what are the main functions of the stem?	n/a	[ "Production of new living tissue", "Storage of nutrients" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3575609", "chunk_text": "\"Plant stem\"\nPlant stem A stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant, the other being the root. The stem is normally divided into nodes and internodes: The term \"\"shoots\"\" is often confused with \"\"stems\"\"; \"\"shoots\"\" generally refers to new fresh plant growth including both stems and other structures like leaves or flowers. In most plants stems are located above the soil surface but some plants have underground stems. Stems have four main functions which are: Stems are often specialized for storage, asexual reproduction, protection or photosynthesis, including the following: Stem usually consist of three tissues, dermal tissue,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6556365", "chunk_text": "\"Glossary of plant morphology\"\ntwo growth centres, the stem growing upwards while the roots grow downwards. New growth occurs at the tips (apices) of both the shoot and roots, where the undifferentiated cells of the meristem divide. Branching occurs to form new apical meristems. Growth of the stem is indeterminate in pattern (not pre-determined to stop at a particular point). The functions of the stem are to raise and support the leaves and reproductive organs above the level of the soil, to facilitate absorption of light for photosynthesis, gas exchange, water exchange (transpiration), pollination, and seed dispersal. The stem also serves as a conduit,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8588375", "chunk_text": "\"Stem (ship)\"\nthe stem. Stem (ship) The stem is the most forward part of a boat or ship's bow and is an extension of the keel itself. It is often found on wooden boats or ships, but not exclusively. The stem is the curved edge stretching from the keel below, up to the gunwale of the boat. It is part of the physical structure of a wooden boat or ship that gives it strength at the critical section of the structure, bringing together the port and starboard side planks of the hull. There are two styles of stems: plumb and raked. When", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8588373", "chunk_text": "\"Stem (ship)\"\nStem (ship) The stem is the most forward part of a boat or ship's bow and is an extension of the keel itself. It is often found on wooden boats or ships, but not exclusively. The stem is the curved edge stretching from the keel below, up to the gunwale of the boat. It is part of the physical structure of a wooden boat or ship that gives it strength at the critical section of the structure, bringing together the port and starboard side planks of the hull. There are two styles of stems: plumb and raked. When the stem", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6271905", "chunk_text": "\"Plant stem\"\nanimals. Resins from conifer wood are used to produce turpentine and rosin. Tree bark is often used as a mulch and in growing media for container plants. It also can become the natural habitat of lichens. Some ornamental plants are grown mainly for their attractive stems, e.g.: Plant stem A stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant, the other being the root. The stem is normally divided into nodes and internodes: The term \"\"shoots\"\" is often confused with \"\"stems\"\"; \"\"shoots\"\" generally refers to new fresh plant growth including both stems and other structures like leaves", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17462833", "chunk_text": "\"Plant stem cell\"\nPlant stem cell Plant stem cells are innately undifferentiated cells located in the meristems of plants. Plant stem cells serve as the origin of plant vitality, as they maintain themselves while providing a steady supply of precursor cells to form differentiated tissues and organs in plants. Two distinct areas of stem cells are recognised: the apical meristem and the lateral meristem. Plant stem cells are characterized by two distinctive properties, which are: the ability to create all differentiated cell types and the ability to self-renew such that the number of stem cells is maintained. Plant stem cells never undergo aging", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10426776", "chunk_text": "\"Stem (bicycle part)\"\nStem (bicycle part) The stem is the component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the steerer tube of the bicycle fork. Sometimes called a \"\"goose neck\"\", a stem's design belongs to either a \"\"quill\"\" or \"\"threadless\"\" system, and each system is compatible with respective headset and fork designs: Somewhat counterintuitively, the term \"\"threadless\"\" derives not from whether the stem itself is threaded, but from whether a headset lock nut threads onto the fork steer tube. Quill stems require a threaded headset of specific length for each bicycle model. Threadless stems require an unthreaded steerer tube, which may vary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16522537", "chunk_text": "Brainstem\nBrainstem The brainstem (or brain stem) is the posterior part of the brain, continuous with the spinal cord. In the human brain the brainstem includes the midbrain, and the pons and medulla oblongata of the hindbrain. Sometimes the diencephalon, the caudal part of the forebrain, is included. The brainstem provides the main motor and sensory nerve supply to the face and neck via the cranial nerves. Of the twelve pairs of cranial nerves, ten pairs come from the brainstem. The brainstem is an extremely important part of the brain as the nerve connections of the motor and sensory systems from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10426779", "chunk_text": "\"Stem (bicycle part)\"\nthe inside of the steerer tube and hold the stem in place. In the case of an expander nut, the bottom of the stem is cut perpendicular to its length and also has two slits cut parallel to its length. The cone-shaped expander nut is pulled upwards by the bolt causing the sides of the stem to spread and press against the inside of the steerer tube to hold it in place. Threadless stems, the newer of the two styles, are widely popular and have displaced quill stems as the industry standard on sport bikes. Threadless stems feature a modular", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10549021", "chunk_text": "\"Plant stem\"\nthe xylem and phloem in the vascular bundles and connects to form a continuous cylinder. The vascular cambium cells divide to produce secondary xylem to the inside and secondary phloem to the outside. As the stem increases in diameter due to production of secondary xylem and secondary phloem, the cortex and epidermis are eventually destroyed. Before the cortex is destroyed, a cork cambium develops there. The cork cambium divides to produce waterproof cork cells externally and sometimes phelloderm cells internally. Those three tissues form the periderm, which replaces the epidermis in function. Areas of loosely packed cells in the periderm", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6589949", "chunk_text": "Myelencephalon\nbrain stem that serves as the connection of the spinal cord to the brain. It is situated between the pons and the spinal cord. The medulla oblongata is responsible for several functions of the autonomic nervous system. These functions include: 1) Respiration: monitors the acidity of the blood and sends electrical signals to intercostal muscle tissue to increase their contraction rate in order to oxygenate the blood as needed. 2) Cardiac & Vasomotor Center: monitors and regulates cardiovascular activities by: 3) Reflexes Because of its location in the brainstem and its many important roles in the autonomic nervous system, damage", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10551933", "chunk_text": "Tree\ndraw water up the stem through the xylem from the roots by the suction produced as water evaporates from the leaves. If insufficient water is available the leaves will die. The three main parts of trees include the root, stem, and leaves; they are integral parts of the vascular system which interconnects all the living cells. In trees and other plants that develop wood, the vascular cambium allows the expansion of vascular tissue that produces woody growth. Because this growth ruptures the epidermis of the stem, woody plants also have a cork cambium that develops among the phloem. The cork", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2701845", "chunk_text": "\"Plant stem\"\nground tissue and vascular tissue. The dermal tissue covers the outer surface of the stem and usually functions to waterproof, protect and control gas exchange. The ground tissue usually consists mainly of parenchyma cells and fills in around the vascular tissue. It sometimes functions in photosynthesis. Vascular tissue provides long distance transport and structural support. Most or all ground tissue may be lost in woody stems. The dermal tissue of aquatic plants stems may lack the waterproofing found in aerial stems. The arrangement of the vascular tissues varies widely among plant species. Dicot stems with primary growth have pith in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3397358", "chunk_text": "\"Stem (music)\"\nStem (music) In musical notation, stems are the, \"\"thin, vertical lines that are directly connected to the [note] head.\"\" Stems may point up or down. Different-pointing stems indicate the voice for polyphonic music written on the same staff. Within one voice, the stems usually point down for notes on the middle line or higher, and up for those below. If the stem points up from a notehead, the stem originates from the right-hand side of the note, but if it points down, it originates from the left. There is an exception to this rule: if a chord contains a second,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19543054", "chunk_text": "\"Stem (audio)\"\nStem (audio) In audio production, a stem is a discrete or grouped collection of audio sources mixed together, usually by one person, to be dealt with downstream as one unit. A single stem may be delivered in mono, stereo, or in multiple tracks for surround sound. In sound mixing for film, the preparation of stems is a common stratagem to facilitate the final mix. Dialog, music and sound effects, called \"\"D-M-E\"\", are brought to the final mix as separate stems. Using stem mixing, the dialog can easily be replaced by a foreign language version, the effects can easily be adapted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6275666", "chunk_text": "Stemflow\nStemflow In hydrology, stemflow is the flow of intercepted water down the trunk or stem of a plant. Stemflow, along with throughfall, is responsible for the transferral of precipitation and nutrients from the canopy to the soil. In tropical rainforests, where this kind of flow can be substantial, erosion gullies can form at the base of the trunk. However, in more temperate climates stemflow levels are low and have little erosional power. There are a variety of ways stemflow volume is measured in the field. The most common direct measurement currently used is the bonding of bisected PVC or other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17608195", "chunk_text": "\"Trunk (botany)\"\nTrunk (botany) In botany, the trunk (or bole) is the stem and main wooden axis of a tree, which is an important feature in tree identification, and which often differs markedly from the bottom of the trunk to the top, depending on the species. The trunk is the most important part of the tree for timber production. Trunks occur both in \"\"true\"\" woody plants as well as non-woody plants such as palms and other monocots, though the internal physiology is different in each case. In all plants, trunks thicken over time due to formation of secondary growth (or in monocots,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4086888", "chunk_text": "\"Plant stem\"\nthe center, with vascular bundles forming a distinct ring visible when the stem is viewed in cross section. The outside of the stem is covered with an epidermis, which is covered by a waterproof cuticle. The epidermis also may contain stomata for gas exchange and multicellular stem hairs called trichomes. A cortex consisting of hypodermis (collenchyma cells) and endodermis (starch containing cells) is present above the pericycle and vascular bundles. Woody dicots and many nonwoody dicots have secondary growth originating from their lateral or secondary meristems: the vascular cambium and the cork cambium or phellogen. The vascular cambium forms between", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9346241", "chunk_text": "\"Word stem\"\nWord stem In linguistics, a stem is a part of a word. The term is used with slightly different meanings. In one usage, a stem is a form to which affixes can be attached. Thus, in this usage, the English word \"\"friendships\"\" contains the stem \"\"friend\"\", to which the derivational suffix \"\"-ship\"\" is attached to form a new stem \"\"friendship\"\", to which the inflectional suffix \"\"-s\"\" is attached. In a variant of this usage, the root of the word (in the example, \"\"friend\"\") is not counted as a stem. In a slightly different usage, which is adopted in the remainder", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16522538", "chunk_text": "Brainstem\nthe main part of the brain to the rest of the body pass through the brainstem. This includes the corticospinal tract (motor), the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway (fine touch, vibration sensation, and proprioception), and the spinothalamic tract (pain, temperature, itch, and crude touch). The brainstem also plays an important role in the regulation of cardiac and respiratory function. It also regulates the central nervous system, and is pivotal in maintaining consciousness and regulating the sleep cycle. The brainstem has many basic functions including heart rate, breathing, sleeping, and eating. The midbrain is divided into three parts: tectum, tegmentum, and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "304717", "chunk_text": "Laminoplasty\nmain components of the central nervous system (CNS). This structure’s function is to provide the body with support and to protect the spinal cord. The spinal cord serves 3 main functions for the body. It provides sensation, autonomic and motor control for all bodily functions and parts. The spinal cord is the most complex yet organized part of the CNS. The entire spinal structure may be divided into 4 sections that create an overall S-shaped curve. These sections include the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral regions. Intervertebral discs stacked on top of one another make up the structure of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "204692", "chunk_text": "\"Stem cell\"\nStem cell Stem cells are biological cells that can differentiate into other types of cells and can divide to produce more of the same type of stem cells. They are found in multicellular organisms. In mammals, there are two broad types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells, which are isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, and adult stem cells, which are found in various tissues. In adult organisms, stem cells and progenitor cells act as a repair system for the body, replenishing adult tissues. In a developing embryo, stem cells can differentiate into all the specialized cells—ectoderm, endoderm", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10426790", "chunk_text": "\"Stem (bicycle part)\"\nof stem may be adjustable in length with one section of tubing telescoping into another. Stem (bicycle part) The stem is the component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the steerer tube of the bicycle fork. Sometimes called a \"\"goose neck\"\", a stem's design belongs to either a \"\"quill\"\" or \"\"threadless\"\" system, and each system is compatible with respective headset and fork designs: Somewhat counterintuitively, the term \"\"threadless\"\" derives not from whether the stem itself is threaded, but from whether a headset lock nut threads onto the fork steer tube. Quill stems require a threaded headset of specific", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3397360", "chunk_text": "\"Stem (music)\"\nhead is on a ledger line more than an octave away from the middle line of a staff, the stem will be elongated to touch the middle line. In any polyphonic music in which two parts are written on the same staff, stems are typically shortened to keep the music visually centered upon the staff. Stems may be altered in various ways to alter the rhythm or other method of performance. For example, a note with diagonal slashes through its stem is played tremolo. Stem (music) In musical notation, stems are the, \"\"thin, vertical lines that are directly connected to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6380825", "chunk_text": "\"Edible plant stem\"\nand fruits. Stems are also a vital connection between leaves and roots. They conduct water and mineral nutrients through xylem tissue from roots upward, and organic compounds and some mineral nutrients through phloem tissue in any direction within the plant. Apical meristems, located at the shoot tip and axillary buds on the stem, allow plants to increase in length, surface, and mass. In some plants, such as cactus, stems are specialized for photosynthesis and water storage. Typical stems are located above ground, but there are modified stems that can be found either above or below ground. Modified stems located above", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1101246", "chunk_text": "\"Main stem\"\nmillion of these small streams, with average drainage basins of only , have been identified in the United States alone. Main stem In hydrology, a main stem (or trunk) is \"\"the primary downstream segment of a river, as contrasted to its tributaries\"\". Water enters the main stem from the river's drainage basin, the land area through which the main stem and its tributaries flow. A drainage basin may also be referred to as a \"\"watershed\"\" or \"\"catchment\"\". In the United States, the Mississippi River main stem achieves a Strahler number of 10, the highest in the nation. Eight rivers, including", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "966147", "chunk_text": "\"Underground stem\"\nUnderground stem Underground stems are modified plant structures that derive from stem tissue but exist under the soil surface. They function as storage tissues for food and nutrients, propagation of new clones, and perennation (survival from one growing season to the next). Types include bulbs, corms, rhizomes, stolon, spindle - shaped and \"\"tubers\"\" Plants have two axes of growth, which can be best seen from seed germination and growth. Seedlings develop two structures or axes of growth, one that develops upward out of the soil, called stems, and structures that develop downward which are called roots. The roots are modified", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8700180", "chunk_text": "\"Word stem\"\nbut the stem is \"\"produc\"\" because of the inflected form \"\"producing\"\". A list of all the inflected forms of a stem is called its inflectional paradigm. The paradigm of the adjective \"\"tall\"\" is given below, and the stem of this adjective is \"\"tall\"\". Some paradigms do not make use of the same stem throughout; this phenomenon is called suppletion. An example of a suppletive paradigm is the paradigm for the adjective \"\"good\"\": its stem changes from \"\"good\"\" to the bound morpheme \"\"bet-\"\". Word stem In linguistics, a stem is a part of a word. The term is used with slightly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9077886", "chunk_text": "\"Scanning transmission electron microscopy\"\n1971. The advantage of STEM imaging of biological samples is the high contrast of annular dark-field images, which can allow imaging of biological samples without the need for staining. STEM has been widely used to solve a number of structural problems in molecular biology. In annular dark-field mode, images are formed by fore-scattered electrons incident on an annular detector, which lies outside of the path of the directly transmitted beam. By using a high-angle ADF detector, it is possible to form atomic resolution images where the contrast of an atomic column is directly related to the atomic number (Z-contrast image).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10363502", "chunk_text": "\"Stem mixing and mastering\"\nmastering process. The reason behind that is to leave more space in the mix to make the mastered version sound cleaner and louder. Even though it is not commonly practiced by mastering studios, it does have its proponents. In audio production, a stem is a group of audio sources mixed together, usually by one person, to be dealt with downstream as one unit. A single stem may be delivered in mono, stereo, or in multiple tracks for surround sound. In sound mixing for film, the preparation of stems is a common stratagem to facilitate the final mix. Dialogue, music and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "975593", "chunk_text": "\"CLE peptide\"\nthey do not possess any defined end status. In that sense, the meristematic cells are frequently compared to the stem cells in animals, which have an analogous behavior and function. Within plants SAM cells play a major role in the overall growth and development, this is due to the fact that all cells making up the major parts of the plant come from the shoot apical meristem (SAM). There are three different important area found within the SAM and they include the central zone (CZ), the peripheral zone (PZ), and the rib meristem (RM). Each of these areas play an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6380824", "chunk_text": "\"Edible plant stem\"\nEdible plant stem Edible plant stems are one part of plants that are eaten by humans. Most plants are made up of stems, roots, leaves, flowers, and produce fruits containing seeds. Humans most commonly eat the seeds (e.g. maize, wheat), fruit (e.g. tomato, avocado, banana), flowers (e.g. broccoli), leaves (e.g. lettuce, spinach, and cabbage), roots (e.g. carrots, beets), and stems (e.g. asparagus, ginger) of many plants. There are also a few edible petioles (also known as leaf stems) such as celery or rhubarb. Plant stems have a variety of functions. Stems support the entire plant and have buds, leaves, flowers,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12566825", "chunk_text": "\"Stem cell secretome\"\nStem cell secretome The stem cell secretome (also referred to as the stromal cell secretome) is a collective term for the paracrine soluble factors produced by stem cells and utilized for their inter-cell communication. In addition to inter-cell communication, the paracrine factors are also responsible for tissue development, homeostasis and (re-)generation. The Stem Cell Secretome consists of extracellular vesicles, specifically exosomes, microvesicles, membrane particles, peptides and small proteins (cytokines). The paracrine activity of stem cells, i.e. the stem cell secretome, has been found to be the predominant mechanism by which stem cell-based therapies mediate their effects in degenerative, auto-immune and/or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "966149", "chunk_text": "\"Underground stem\"\nis a period of inactive growth, and when that period is over the plants resume new growth from the underground stems. Being underground protects the stems from the elements during the dormancy period, such as freezing and thawing in winter or extreme heat and drought in summer or fire. They can also protect plants from heavy grazing pressure from animals, the plant might be eaten to the ground but new growth can occur from below ground stem that can not be reached by the herbivores. A number of plants, including \"\"weed\"\"y species, use underground stems to spread and colonize large", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13451497", "chunk_text": "\"Main stem\"\nMain stem In hydrology, a main stem (or trunk) is \"\"the primary downstream segment of a river, as contrasted to its tributaries\"\". Water enters the main stem from the river's drainage basin, the land area through which the main stem and its tributaries flow. A drainage basin may also be referred to as a \"\"watershed\"\" or \"\"catchment\"\". In the United States, the Mississippi River main stem achieves a Strahler number of 10, the highest in the nation. Eight rivers, including the Columbia River, reach 9. Streams with no tributaries, assigned the Strahler number 1, are most common. More than 1.5", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8767913", "chunk_text": "\"Stem cell\"\nthe embryo specializes as 'neurectoderm', which will become the future central nervous system. Later in development, neurulation causes the neurectoderm to form the neural tube. At the neural tube stage, the anterior portion undergoes encephalization to generate or 'pattern' the basic form of the brain. At this stage of development, the principal cell type of the CNS is considered a neural stem cell. These neural stem cells are pluripotent, as they can generate a large diversity of many different neuron types, each with unique gene expression, morphological, and functional characteristics. The process of generating neurons from stem cells is called", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19543058", "chunk_text": "\"Stem (audio)\"\nseparate elements. (See List of musical works released in a stem format.) Stem (audio) In audio production, a stem is a discrete or grouped collection of audio sources mixed together, usually by one person, to be dealt with downstream as one unit. A single stem may be delivered in mono, stereo, or in multiple tracks for surround sound. In sound mixing for film, the preparation of stems is a common stratagem to facilitate the final mix. Dialog, music and sound effects, called \"\"D-M-E\"\", are brought to the final mix as separate stems. Using stem mixing, the dialog can easily be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19371573", "chunk_text": "Auxin\nplant development. Growth and division of plant cells together result in growth of tissue, and specific tissue growth contributes to the development of plant organs. Growth of cells contributes to the plant's size, unevenly localized growth produces bending, turning and directionalization of organs- for example, stems turning toward light sources (phototropism), roots growing in response to gravity (gravitropism), and other tropisms originated because cells on one side grow faster than the cells on the other side of the organ. So, precise control of auxin distribution between different cells has paramount importance to the resulting form of plant growth and organization.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17608197", "chunk_text": "\"Trunk (botany)\"\nthe cambium, a very thin layer of undifferentiated cells that divide to replenish the phloem cells on the outside and the xylem cells to the inside. Directly to the inside of this is the sap wood, or the living xylem cells. These cells transport the water through the tree. Finally at the center of the tree is the heartwood. The heartwood is made up of old xylem cells that have been filled with resins and minerals to keep other organisms from growing and infecting the center of the tree. Trunk (botany) In botany, the trunk (or bole) is the stem", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17462843", "chunk_text": "\"Plant stem cell\"\nisolation. Due to the valuable and beneficial compounds for human health (i.e. paclitaxel) which are secreted by the CMC's, this technology is considered a serious breakthrough in plant biotechnology. Plant stem cell Plant stem cells are innately undifferentiated cells located in the meristems of plants. Plant stem cells serve as the origin of plant vitality, as they maintain themselves while providing a steady supply of precursor cells to form differentiated tissues and organs in plants. Two distinct areas of stem cells are recognised: the apical meristem and the lateral meristem. Plant stem cells are characterized by two distinctive properties, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "574198", "chunk_text": "Auxin\nhave been shown to be important for its tissue development. As auxins contribute to organ shaping, they are also fundamentally required for proper development of the plant itself. Without hormonal regulation and organization, plants would be merely proliferating heaps of similar cells. Auxin employment begins in the embryo of the plant, where directional distribution of auxin ushers in subsequent growth and development of primary growth poles, then forms buds of future organs. Next, it helps to coordinate proper development of the arising organs, such as roots, cotyledons and leaves and mediates long distance signals between them, contributing so to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4782963", "chunk_text": "\"Underground stem\"\neven when they lack leaves. They are able to survive during adverse environmental conditions by going into a state of quiesce and later resume growth from their storage organs, which contain reserves of carbohydrates and water, when the environmental conditions are favourable again. Underground stem Underground stems are modified plant structures that derive from stem tissue but exist under the soil surface. They function as storage tissues for food and nutrients, propagation of new clones, and perennation (survival from one growing season to the next). Types include bulbs, corms, rhizomes, stolon, spindle - shaped and \"\"tubers\"\" Plants have two axes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7584398", "chunk_text": "Torso\nTorso The torso or trunk is an anatomical term for the central part or core of many animal bodies (including humans) from which extend the neck and limbs. The torso includes: the chest, abdomen, and back. Most critical organs are housed within the torso. In the upper chest, the heart and lungs are protected by the rib cage, and the abdomen contains most of the organs responsible for digestion: the stomach, which breaks down partially digested food via gastric acid; the liver, which respectively produces bile necessary for digestion; the large and small intestines, which extract nutrients from food; the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12155110", "chunk_text": "\"Plant stem\"\noff to a frond. In cross section, the vascular tissue does not form a complete cylinder where a leaf gap occurs. Fern stems may have solenosteles or dictyosteles or variations of them. Many fern stems have phloem tissue on both sides of the xylem in cross-section. Foreign chemicals such as air pollutants, herbicides and pesticides can damage stem structures. There are thousands of species whose stems have economic uses. Stems provide a few major staple crops such as potato and taro. Sugarcane stems are a major source of sugar. Maple sugar is obtained from trunks of maple trees. Vegetables from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6365021", "chunk_text": "\"Valve stem\"\nValve stem A valve stem is a self-contained valve which opens to admit gas to a chamber (such as air to inflate a tire), and is then automatically closed and kept sealed by the pressure in the chamber, or a spring, or both, to prevent the gas from escaping. They are most commonly used on automobile, motorcycle, and bicycle tires, but also for many other applications. Schrader valves consist of a valve stem into which a poppet valve is threaded with a spring attached. They are used on virtually all automobile and motorbike tires, and on wider rimmed bicycle tires.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6556364", "chunk_text": "\"Glossary of plant morphology\"\nhas evolved specialised parts. In essence, they have a lower, underground component and an upper, aerial component. The underground part develops roots that seek water and nourishment from the soil, while the upper component, or shoot, grows toward the light and develops a plant stem, leaves and specialised reproductive structures (sporangia). In angiosperms, the sporangia are located in the stamen anthers (microsporangia) and ovules (megasporangia). The specialised sporangia bearing stem is the flower. In angiosperms, if the female sporangium is fertilised, it becomes the fruit, a mechanism for dispersing the seeds produced from the embryo. Thus, the terrestrial sporophyte has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5389692", "chunk_text": "\"Aerial stem modification\"\nAerial stem modification Aerial stem modifications are modifications to the aerial stems, vegetative buds and floral buds of plants growing in different conditions and which perform functions such as climbing, protection, synthesis of food, or vegetative propagation. Aerial stem structures that undergo modifications to perform these special functions include tendrils, thorns, hooks, phylloclade, tuberous stems and bulbils. The auxiliary or the terminal part of the modified structures show their stem nature. Some weak stemmed plants produce wiry, coiled, sensitive and delicate organs for climbing. They are called tendrils. These may develop from either the axillary bud or the terminal bud", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5633497", "chunk_text": "\"Bark (botany)\"\ncortex is the primary tissue of stems and roots. In stems the cortex is between the epidermis layer and the phloem, in roots the inner layer is not phloem but the pericycle. From the outside to the inside of a mature woody stem, the layers include: In young stems, which lack what is commonly called bark, the tissues are, from the outside to the inside: As the stem ages and grows, changes occur that transform the surface of the stem into the bark. The epidermis is a layer of cells that cover the plant body, including the stems, leaves, flowers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "574199", "chunk_text": "Auxin\noverall architecture of the plant. Throughout the plant's life, auxin helps the plant maintain the polarity of growth, and actually \"\"recognize\"\" where it has its branches (or any organ) connected. An important principle of plant organization based upon auxin distribution is apical dominance, which means the auxin produced by the apical bud (or growing tip) diffuses (and is transported) downwards and inhibits the development of ulterior lateral bud growth, which would otherwise compete with the apical tip for light and nutrients. Removing the apical tip and its suppressively acting auxin allows the lower dormant lateral buds to develop, and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3603812", "chunk_text": "Leaf\nLeaf A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant and is the principal lateral appendage of the stem. The leaves and stem together form the shoot. Leaves are collectively referred to as foliage, as in \"\"autumn foliage\"\". A leaf is a thin, dorsiventrally flattened organ, usually borne above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. In most leaves, the primary photosynthetic tissue, the palisade mesophyll, is located on the upper side of the blade or lamina of the leaf but in some species, including the mature foliage of \"\"Eucalyptus\"\", palisade mesophyll is present on both sides and the leaves are said", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_330	who said the poison is in the dose?	n/a	[ "credited to Paracelsus", "Paracelsus" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1096104", "chunk_text": "\"The dose makes the poison\"\nThe dose makes the poison \"\"The dose makes the poison\"\" () is an adage intended to indicate a basic principle of toxicology. It is credited to Paracelsus who expressed the classic toxicology maxim \"\"All things are poison, and nothing is without poison, the dosage alone makes it so a thing is not a poison.\"\" This is often condensed to: \"\"The dose makes the poison\"\" or in Latin, . It means that a substance can produce the harmful effect associated with its toxic properties only if it reaches a susceptible biological system within the body in a high enough concentration (i.e.,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1096106", "chunk_text": "\"The dose makes the poison\"\nalready have significant chronic effects if there is a long-term exposure. Many pollutants, drugs, and natural substances adhere to this principle by causing different effects at different levels, which can as a result lead to health standards that are either too strong or too weak. Generally the effects of different doses can be very different at different levels (not only bigger and smaller impacts depending on dose). The dose makes the poison \"\"The dose makes the poison\"\" () is an adage intended to indicate a basic principle of toxicology. It is credited to Paracelsus who expressed the classic toxicology maxim", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6481942", "chunk_text": "Poison\n1784 and the term \"\"poison oak\"\" was first used in 1743. The term \"\"poison gas\"\" was first used in 1915. The term \"\"poison\"\" is often used colloquially to describe any harmful substance—particularly corrosive substances, carcinogens, mutagens, teratogens and harmful pollutants, and to exaggerate the dangers of chemicals. Paracelsus (1493–1541), the father of toxicology, once wrote: \"\"Everything is poison, there is poison in everything. Only the dose makes a thing not a poison\"\" (see median lethal dose). The term \"\"poison\"\" is also used in a figurative sense: \"\"His brother's presence poisoned the atmosphere at the party\"\". The law defines \"\"poison\"\" more", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17999278", "chunk_text": "\"The Dose Makes the Poison\"\nThe Dose Makes the Poison The Dose That Makes the Poison: A Plain Language Guide to Toxicology, written by M. Alice Ottoboni and originally published in 1984 by Vincente Books, is a non-fiction book to help laypeople understand the environmental, industrial, and personal risks of using chemicals. As of March 2016, the book is in its third edition. The author of the book is M. Alice Ottoboni, a toxicologist who served over twenty years in the California Department of Health Services. Along with lecturing and consulting on toxicology and the environmental factors concerning public health, Ottoboni was also a scientific", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14283478", "chunk_text": "Toxicology\nto convict the Belgian Count Hippolyte Visart de Bocarmé of killing his brother-in-law. Theophrastus Phillipus Auroleus Bombastus von Hohenheim (1493–1541) (also referred to as Paracelsus, from his belief that his studies were above or beyond the work of Celsus – a Roman physician from the first century) is also considered \"\"the father\"\" of toxicology. He is credited with the classic toxicology maxim, \"\"\"\"Alle Dinge sind Gift und nichts ist ohne Gift; allein die Dosis macht, dass ein Ding kein Gift ist.\"\"\"\" which translates as, \"\"All things are poisonous and nothing is without poison; only the dose makes a thing not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16277895", "chunk_text": "Poison\nsuch as rodenticides. The risk from toxicity is also distinct from toxicity itself. For instance, the preservative thiomersal used in vaccines is toxic, but the quantity administered in a single shot is negligible. Throughout human history, intentional application of poison has been used as a method of murder, pest-control, suicide, and execution. As a method of execution, poison has been ingested, as the ancient Athenians did (see Socrates), inhaled, as with carbon monoxide or hydrogen cyanide (see gas chamber), or injected (see lethal injection). Poison's lethal effect can be combined with its allegedly magical powers; an example is the Chinese", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12141103", "chunk_text": "Toxicology\nToxicology Toxicology is a discipline, overlapping with biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine, that involves the study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms and the practice of diagnosing and treating exposures to toxins and toxicants. The relationship between dose and its effects on the exposed organism is of high significance in toxicology. Factors that influence chemical toxicity include the dosage (and whether it is acute or chronic), route of exposure, species, age, sex, and environment. Toxicologists are experts on poisons and poisoning. Dioscorides, a Greek physician in the court of the Roman emperor Nero, made the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15148348", "chunk_text": "\"Median lethal dose\"\ndosages are typically qualified by rates of breathing (e.g., resting = 10 l/min) for inhalation, or degree of clothing for skin penetration. The concept of Ct was first proposed by Fritz Haber and is sometimes referred to as Haber's Law, which assumes that exposure to 1 minute of 100 mg/m is equivalent to 10 minutes of 10 mg/m (1 × 100 = 100, as does 10 × 10 = 100). Some chemicals, such as hydrogen cyanide, are rapidly detoxified by the human body, and do not follow Haber's Law. So, in these cases, the lethal concentration may be given simply", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10611505", "chunk_text": "Strychnine\nof strychnine poisoning are listed below in table 2. For occupational exposures to strychnine, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health have set exposure limits at 0.15 mg/m over an 8-hour work day. Because strychnine produces some of the most dramatic and painful symptoms of any known toxic reaction, strychnine poisoning is often portrayed in literature and film including authors Agatha Christie and Arthur Conan Doyle. Strychnine may be introduced into the body orally, by inhalation, or by injection. It is a potently bitter substance, and in humans has been shown to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14561822", "chunk_text": "\"Psychoactive drug\"\nexperiences and systematic observations on psychedelics, developed this theory along with his colleagues Ralph Metzner, and Richard Alpert (Ram Dass) in the 1960s. The first factor, dosage, has been a truism since ancient times, or at least since Paracelsus who said, \"\"Dose makes the poison.\"\" Some compounds are beneficial or pleasurable when consumed in small amounts, but harmful, deadly, or evoke discomfort in higher doses. The set is the internal attitudes and constitution of the person, including their expectations, wishes, fears, and sensitivity to the drug. This factor is especially important for the hallucinogens, which have the ability to make", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6481954", "chunk_text": "Poison\n\"\"gu\"\" poison. Poison was also employed in gunpowder warfare. For example, the 14th-century Chinese text of the \"\"Huolongjing\"\" written by Jiao Yu outlined the use of a poisonous gunpowder mixture to fill cast iron grenade bombs. The term \"\"poison\"\" is also used in a figurative sense. The \"\"[s]lang sense of \"\"alcoholic drink\"\" [is] first attested 1805, American English.\"\" (e.g., a bartender might ask a customer \"\"what's your poison?\"\") Figurative use of the term dates from the late 15th century. Figuratively referring to persons as poison dates from 1910. The figurative term \"\"poison-pen letter\"\" became well known in \"\"...1913 by a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "580578", "chunk_text": "\"The Dose Makes the Poison\"\nthat could otherwise be \"\"overwhelmingly technical.\"\" Examples and illustrations used in the book to reinforce concepts are \"\"practical and realistic\"\". Though not as detailed, referenced, or annotated as a toxicology textbook, \"\"The Dose Makes the Poison: A Plain Language Guide to Toxicology\"\", is recommended by reviewers as a basic guidebook and entry point in learning about the field of toxicology. The Dose Makes the Poison The Dose That Makes the Poison: A Plain Language Guide to Toxicology, written by M. Alice Ottoboni and originally published in 1984 by Vincente Books, is a non-fiction book to help laypeople understand the environmental,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20438414", "chunk_text": "\"History of poison\"\nin the right temple shortly before the fall of Berlin along with his wife, Eva Braun. In the late 20th century, an increasing number of products used for everyday life proved to be poisonous. The risk of being poisoned nowadays lies more in the accidental factor, where poison be induced or taken by accident. Poisoning is the 4th most common cause of death within young people. Accidental ingestions are most common in children less than 5 years old. However, hospital and emergency facilities are much enhanced compared to the first half of the 20th century and before, and antidotes are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19364993", "chunk_text": "\"History of poison\"\npreparation of the Mithridatum, because it fed on poisonous plants and suffered no harm.\"\" Indian surgeon Sushruta defined the stages of slow poisoning and the remedies of slow poisoning. He also mentions antidotes and the use of traditional substances to counter the effects of poisoning. Poisoned weapons were used in ancient India, and war tactics in ancient India have references to poison. A verse in Sanskrit reads \"\"\"\"Jalam visravayet sarmavamavisravyam ca dusayet\"\",\"\" which translates to \"\"Waters of wells were to be mixed with poison and thus polluted.\"\" Chānakya (c. 350–283 BC), also known as \"\"Kautilya\"\", was adviser and prime minister", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8641867", "chunk_text": "Homeopathy\nhuman reason\"\". James Young Simpson said in 1853 of the highly diluted drugs: \"\"No poison, however strong or powerful, the billionth or decillionth of which would in the least degree affect a man or harm a fly.\"\" 19th-century American physician and author Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. was also a vocal critic of homeopathy and published an essay in 1842 entitled \"\"Homœopathy and Its Kindred Delusions\"\". The members of the French Homeopathic Society observed in 1867 that some leading homeopathists of Europe not only were abandoning the practice of administering infinitesimal doses but were also no longer defending it. The last", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13518234", "chunk_text": "\"Mathieu Orfila\"\nMathieu Orfila Mathieu Joseph Bonaventure Orfila (Catalan: \"\"Mateu Josep Bonaventura Orfila i Rotger\"\") (24 April 1787 – 12 March 1853) was a Spanish toxicologist and chemist, the founder of the science of toxicology. If there is reason to believe that a murder or attempted murder may have been committed using poison, a forensic toxicologist is often brought in to examine pieces of evidence such as corpses and food items for poison content. In Orfila's time the primary type of poison in use was arsenic, but there were no reliable ways of testing for its presence. Orfila created new techniques and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20438415", "chunk_text": "\"History of poison\"\nmore available. Antidotes have been found for many poisons, and the antidotes for some of the most commonly known poisons are shown in the table above: However, poison still exists as a murderous entity today, but it is not as popular form of conducting murder as it used to be in past times, probably because of the wider range of ways to kill people and other factors that must be taken into consideration. One of the more recent deaths by poisoning was that of Russian dissident Alexander Litvinenko in 2006 from lethal polonium-210 radiation poisoning. Today, poison is used for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17999279", "chunk_text": "\"The Dose Makes the Poison\"\nadviser to the American Council on Science and Health in New York. Patricia Frank, a consultant and President of Patricia Frank & Associates, Inc., helped edit the third edition. Her firm works with other companies to develop and register pharmaceutical agents for use with humans and animals. Frank is a member and former president of the American College of Toxicology and Roundtable of Toxicology Consultants. \"\"The Dose Makes the Poison: A Plain-Language Guide to Toxicology\"\", written by Ottoboni, in its first and second editions, focused mainly on environmental and industrial chemicals. The author, defining toxicology as \"\"the study of adverse", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1096105", "chunk_text": "\"The dose makes the poison\"\ndose). The principle relies on the finding that all chemicals—even water and oxygen—can be toxic if too much is eaten, drunk, or absorbed. \"\"The toxicity of any particular chemical depends on many factors, including the extent to which it enters an individual’s body.\"\" This finding also provides the basis for public health standards, which specify maximum acceptable concentrations of various contaminants in food, public drinking water, and the environment. However, there is no linear relationship and also more to chemical toxicity than the acute effects caused by short-term exposure. Relatively low doses of contaminants in water, food, and environment can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5206140", "chunk_text": "\"Arndt–Schulz rule\"\nobserved relationships between dose and response during the early days of pharmacology. However, other concepts such as Hormesis and Receptor Theory eventually supplanted such \"\"laws\"\" as a more complete and well-defined means of describing how chemicals and physiological systems interact. Arndt–Schulz rule Arndt–Schulz rule or Schulz' law is a claimed law concerning the effects of pharmaca or poisons in various concentrations. It states that: That is to say, highly diluted pharmaca or poisons enhance life processes, while strong concentrations may inhibit these processes and even terminate them. The rule was named after Hugo Paul Friedrich Schulz and Rudolf Arndt. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8511557", "chunk_text": "\"Poison control center\"\nin the marketplace, and consequently suicide and childhood poisonings from these agents drastically increased. Around this time up to half of all accidents in children were poisonings with a substantial number of fatalities. These factors led to the medical community developing a response to both unintentional and intentional poisonings. In Europe in the late 1940s special toxicology wards were set up; initial wards were started in Copenhagen and Budapest, and the Netherlands began a poison information service. In the United States during the 1930s, Louis Gdalman, a pharmacist knowledgeable in the chemistry of harmful substances, set up a poison information", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14932835", "chunk_text": "\"Kavka's toxin puzzle\"\nKavka's toxin puzzle Kavka's toxin puzzle is a thought experiment about the possibility of forming an intention to perform an act which, following from reason, is an action one would not actually perform. It was presented by moral and political philosopher Gregory S. Kavka in \"\"The Toxin Puzzle\"\" (1983), and grew out of his work in deterrence theory and mutual assured destruction. Kavka's original version of the puzzle is the following: \"\"An eccentric billionaire places before you a vial of toxin that, if you drink it, will make you painfully ill for a day, but will not threaten your life", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20438413", "chunk_text": "\"History of poison\"\nmade discoveries relating to a mercury chloride called corrosive sublimate. An ointment derived from this sublimate was used to cure what Rhazes described as 'the itch', which is now referred to as scabies. This proved an effective treatment because of mercury's poisonous nature and ability to penetrate the skin, allowing it to eliminate the disease and the itch. Nazi war leader Hermann Göring used cyanide to kill himself the night before he was supposed to be hanged during the Nuremberg Trials. Adolf Hitler had also taken a pill of cyanide but he bit down on the capsule and shot himself", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18750696", "chunk_text": "\"History of poison\"\nsomething had to be done. Mithridates VI, King of Pontus (an ancient Hellenistic state of northern Anatolia), from around 114–63 BC, lived in constant fear of being assassinated through poison. He became a hard-working pioneer in the search for a cure for poisons. In his position of power, he was able to test poisons on criminals facing execution, and then if there was a possible antidote. He was paranoid to the point that he administered daily amounts of poisons in an attempt to make himself immune to as many poisons as he could. Eventually, he discovered a formula that combined", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "769797", "chunk_text": "\"Lethal dose\"\ndescribe a LC value that is independent of time. A comparable measurement is LCt, which relates to lethal dosage from exposure, where C is concentration and t is time. It is often expressed in terms of mg-min/m LCt is the dose that will cause incapacitation rather than death. These measures are commonly used to indicate the comparative efficacy of chemical warfare agents, and dosages are typically qualified by rates of breathing (e.g., resting = 10 l/min) for inhalation, or degree of clothing for skin penetration. The concept of Ct was first proposed by Fritz Haber and is sometimes referred to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3491060", "chunk_text": "\"Strong Poison\"\nrevealed. After perusing A.E. Housman's \"\"A Shropshire Lad\"\" (in which the poet likens the reading of serious poetry to King Mithridates' self-immunization against poisons) Wimsey suddenly understands what had happened: Urquhart had administered the arsenic in an omelette which Boyes himself had cooked. Although Boyes and Urquhart had shared the dish, the latter had been unaffected as he had carefully built up his own immunity beforehand by taking small doses of the poison over a long period. Wimsey tricks Urquhart into an admission before witnesses. At Harriet's retrial, the prosecution presents no case and she is freed. Exhausted by her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2430657", "chunk_text": "\"Effective dose (pharmacology)\"\nEffective dose (pharmacology) In pharmacology, an effective dose (ED) or effective concentration (EC) is a dose or concentration of a drug that produces a biological response. The term effective dose is used when measurements are taken \"\"in vivo,\"\" while the term effective concentration is used when the measurements are taken \"\"in vitro\"\". It has been stated that any substance can be toxic at a high enough dose. This concept was exemplified in 2007 when a California woman died of water intoxication in a contest sanctioned by a radio station. The line between efficacy and toxicity is dependent upon the particular", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7269175", "chunk_text": "Coniine\nunique ways through to modern times. Hemlock poisoning has been a periodic human concern, a regular veterinary concern, and has had significant occurrences in human and cultural history. Notably, in 399 BC, Socrates, when he was sentenced to death, chose to die by drinking a coniine-containing mixture of poison hemlock. Poison hemlock (\"\"Conium maculatum\"\") contains highly toxic amounts of coniine, where it contributes to hemlock's fetid smell; in addition, it contains trace amounts of other similarly poisonous alkaloids. Ingesting less than a tenth of a gram of coniine can be fatal for adult humans; this is approximately six to eight", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20729570", "chunk_text": "\"Strychnine poisoning\"\nStrychnine poisoning Strychnine poisoning can be fatal to humans and other animals and can occur by inhalation, swallowing or absorption through eyes or mouth. It produces some of the most dramatic and painful symptoms of any known toxic reaction, making it quite noticeable and a common choice for assassinations and poison attacks. For this reason, strychnine poisoning is often portrayed in literature and film, such as the murder mysteries written by Agatha Christie. Ten to twenty minutes after exposure, the body's muscles begin to spasm, starting with the head and neck in the form of trismus and risus sardonicus. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18750701", "chunk_text": "\"History of poison\"\nAfter this, the alchemist Agathodaemon (around 300) spoke of a mineral that when mixed with natron produced a 'fiery poison'. He described this poison as 'disappearing in water', giving a clear solution. Emsley speculates that the 'fiery poison' was arsenic trioxide, the unidentified mineral having to have been either realgar or orpiment, due to the relation between the unidentified mineral and his other writings. In Roman times, poisoning carried out at the dinner table or common eating or drinking area was not unheard of, or even uncommon, and was happening as early as 331 BC. These poisonings would have been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5206137", "chunk_text": "\"Arndt–Schulz rule\"\nArndt–Schulz rule Arndt–Schulz rule or Schulz' law is a claimed law concerning the effects of pharmaca or poisons in various concentrations. It states that: That is to say, highly diluted pharmaca or poisons enhance life processes, while strong concentrations may inhibit these processes and even terminate them. The rule was named after Hugo Paul Friedrich Schulz and Rudolf Arndt. The latter originally formulated it in 1888. However, the exceptions to the rule are so numerous that it can not be considered a general law. For instance, many paralysing substances have no exciting effect in weak doses, and what constitutes a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16277897", "chunk_text": "Poison\nnotorious criminal case in Pennsylvania, U.S.; the phrase dates to 1898.\"\" Poison In biology, poisons are substances that cause disturbances in organisms, usually by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when an organism absorbs a sufficient quantity. The fields of medicine (particularly veterinary) and zoology often distinguish a poison from a toxin, and from a venom. Toxins are poisons produced by organisms in nature, and venoms are toxins injected by a bite or sting (this is exclusive to animals). The difference between venom and other poisons is the delivery method. Industry, agriculture, and other sectors employ poisonous", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16277879", "chunk_text": "Poison\nIn modern society, cases of suspicious death elicit the attention of the Coroner's office and forensic investigators. While arsenic is a naturally occurring environmental poison, its artificial concentrate was once nicknamed inheritance powder. In Medieval Europe, it was common for monarchs to employ personal food tasters to thwart royal assassination, in the dawning age of the Apothecary. Of increasing concern since the isolation of natural radium by Marie and Pierre Curie in 1898—and the subsequent advent of nuclear physics and nuclear technologies—are radiological poisons. These are associated with ionizing radiation, a mode of toxicity quite distinct from chemically active poisons.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6627565", "chunk_text": "Iatrochemistry\nof iatrochemistry was Theophrastus von Hohenheim, also known as Paracelsus (1493–1541). He put his effort into the transmutation of metals and emphasized iatrochemistry in his works. Paracelsus believed that diseases were caused by poisons, but that poisons were not entirely negative. He suggested that poisons, or diseases, could also be cured by poisons; thus, poisons could have beneficial medical effects. Paracelsus's claim led to many chemically prepared medicines in this period which contained toxic components: arsenic, antimony, mercury, lead, and other heavy metals. However, his views were not accepted by many scholars until his incoherent writings were organized into more", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8609185", "chunk_text": "Mithridatism\nhis safety. A.E. Housman's \"\"Terence, this is stupid stuff\"\" (originally published in \"\"A Shropshire Lad\"\") invokes mithridatism as a metaphor for the benefit that serious poetry brings to the reader. The final section is a poetic rendition of the Mithridates legend. (See the text on Wikisource and .) Mithridatism Mithridatism is the practice of protecting oneself against a poison by gradually self-administering non-lethal amounts. The word is derived from Mithridates VI, the King of Pontus, who so feared being poisoned that he regularly ingested small doses, aiming to develop immunity. Mithridates VI's father, Mithridates V, was assassinated by poisoning, said", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8609174", "chunk_text": "Mithridatism\nMithridatism Mithridatism is the practice of protecting oneself against a poison by gradually self-administering non-lethal amounts. The word is derived from Mithridates VI, the King of Pontus, who so feared being poisoned that he regularly ingested small doses, aiming to develop immunity. Mithridates VI's father, Mithridates V, was assassinated by poisoning, said to be at his mother's orders. After this, Mithridates VI's mother held regency over Pontus until a male heir came of age. Mithridates was in competition with his brother for the throne and his mother began to favor his brother. Supposedly, during his youth, he began to suspect", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11167527", "chunk_text": "\"Pharmakon (philosophy)\"\nPharmakon (philosophy) Pharmakon, in philosophy and critical theory, is a composite of three meanings: remedy, poison, and scapegoat. The first and second senses refer to the everyday meaning of pharmacology (and to its sub-field, toxicology), deriving from the Greek source term φάρμακον (\"\"phármakon\"\"), denoting any drug, while the third sense refers to the \"\"pharmakos\"\" ritual of human sacrifice. A further sub-sense of \"\"pharmakon\"\" as remedy which is of interest to some current authors is given by the Liddell-Scott-Jones \"\"Greek–English Lexicon\"\" as \"\"a means of producing something\"\". In recent philosophical work, the term centers on Jacques Derrida's \"\"Plato's Pharmacy\"\", and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7611281", "chunk_text": "\"Kavka's toxin puzzle\"\nCan you intend to drink the toxin if you also intend to change your mind at a later time? The paradoxical nature can be stated in many ways, which may be useful for understanding analysis proposed by philosophers: Since the pain caused by the poison would be more than off-set by the money received, we can sketch the pay-off table as follows. According to Kavka: Drinking the poison is never to your advantage regardless of whether you are paid. A rational person would know he would not drink the poison and thus could not intend to drink it. David Gauthier", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17999281", "chunk_text": "\"The Dose Makes the Poison\"\ndiffering views on this question, Ottoboni advocates working with environmentalists, agriculture, industry, and government officials to develop a unifying theory, devise public policy, and put in place regulatory systems for the use of toxic substances. The third edition of \"\"The Dose Makes the Poison\"\" continues with these themes, but adds to the discussion \"\"drugs, food additives, cosmetics, vitamins, second hand smoke, lead in toys imported from China, the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) cyclooxyogenase (COX) issues, and bisphenyl A found in plastics.\"\" Ottoboni received praise for her measured, step-by-step approach to toxicology and writing style that makes accessible to non-scientists material", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "769790", "chunk_text": "\"Lethal dose\"\nfor \"\"lethal dose, 50%\"\"), LC (lethal concentration, 50%) or LCt (lethal concentration and time) of a toxin, radiation, or pathogen is the dose required to kill half the members of a tested population after a specified test duration. LD figures are frequently used as a general indicator of a substance's acute toxicity. A lower LD is indicative of increased toxicity. The test was created by J.W. Trevan in 1927. The term \"\"semilethal dose\"\" is occasionally used with the same meaning, in particular in translations from non-English-language texts, but can also refer to a \"\"sub\"\"lethal dose; because of this ambiguity, it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10114520", "chunk_text": "\"Poisoning the well\"\nPoisoning the well Poisoning the well (or attempting to poison the well) is a type of informal logical fallacy where irrelevant adverse information about a target is preemptively presented to an audience, with the intention of discrediting or ridiculing something that the target person is about to say. Poisoning the well can be a special case of \"\"argumentum ad hominem\"\", and the term was first used with this sense by John Henry Newman in his work \"\"Apologia Pro Vita Sua\"\" (1864). The origin of the term lies in well poisoning, an ancient wartime practice of pouring poison into sources of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14283479", "chunk_text": "Toxicology\npoisonous.\"\" This is often condensed to: \"\"The dose makes the poison\"\" or in Latin \"\"Sola dosis facit venenum\"\". The goal of toxicity assessment is to identify adverse effects of a substance. Adverse effects depend on two main factors: i) routes of exposure (oral, inhalation, or dermal) and ii) dose (duration and concentration of exposure). To explore dose, substances are tested in both acute and chronic models. Generally, different sets of experiments are conducted to determine whether a substance causes cancer and to examine other forms of toxicity. Factors that influence chemical toxicity: Toxicity experiments may be conducted \"\"in vivo\"\" (using", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15569360", "chunk_text": "Theriac\ncontrast, Christiane Fabbri argues that theriac, which very frequently contained opium, actually did have palliative effect against pain and reduced coughing and diarrhea. According to legends, the history of theriac begins with the king Mithridates VI of Pontus who experimented with poisons and antidotes on his prisoners. His numerous toxicity experiments eventually led him to declare that he had discovered an antidote for every venomous reptile and poisonous substance. He mixed all the effective antidotes into a single one, \"\"mithridatium\"\" or mithridate. Mithridate contained opium, myrrh, saffron, ginger, cinnamon and castor, along with some forty other ingredients. When the Romans", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12141104", "chunk_text": "Toxicology\nattempt to classify plants according to their toxic and therapeutic effect. Ibn Wahshiyya wrote the \"\"Book on Poisons\"\" in the 9th or 10th century. This was followed up in 1360 by Khagendra Mani Darpana. Mathieu Orfila is considered the modern father of toxicology, having given the subject its first formal treatment in 1813 in his \"\"Traité des poisons\"\", also called \"\"Toxicologie générale\"\". In 1850, Jean Stas became the first person to successfully isolate plant poisons from human tissue. This allowed him to identify the use of nicotine as a poison in the famous Bocarmé murder case, providing the evidence needed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9717960", "chunk_text": "\"National Poison Prevention Week\"\nNational Poison Prevention Week National Poison Prevention Week is observed in the United States the third week of March. The goal of the week is to raise awareness of the risk of being poisoned by household products, medicines, pesticides, plants, bites and stings, food poisoning, and fumes. Awareness being duly raised, it is hoped that this will prevent poisoning. On September 26, 1961, the 87th United States Congress passed a joint resolution () requesting that the President of the United States proclaim the third week of March National Poison Prevention Week. On February 7, 1962, President John F. Kennedy responded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2430662", "chunk_text": "\"Effective dose (pharmacology)\"\nway would be \"\"ED95\"\". Effective dose (pharmacology) In pharmacology, an effective dose (ED) or effective concentration (EC) is a dose or concentration of a drug that produces a biological response. The term effective dose is used when measurements are taken \"\"in vivo,\"\" while the term effective concentration is used when the measurements are taken \"\"in vitro\"\". It has been stated that any substance can be toxic at a high enough dose. This concept was exemplified in 2007 when a California woman died of water intoxication in a contest sanctioned by a radio station. The line between efficacy and toxicity is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20793449", "chunk_text": "\"René Truhaut\"\nRené Truhaut René Truhaut (May 23, 1909 – May 10, 1994) was a French toxicologist. He was announced chairman of the department of toxicology at the Paris Faculty of Medicine. He is known for having introduced the concept of daily intake in 1956, and for coining the term \"\"ecotoxicology\"\" (in 1969) which defined it as \"\"the branch of toxicology concerned with the study of toxic effects, caused by natural or synthetic pollutants, to the constituents of ecosystems, animal (including human), vegetable and microbial, in an integral context”. René Truhaut wrote a \"\"Handbook of occupational medicine\"\", a book reprinted several times,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10533398", "chunk_text": "Paracelsus\nthing is not a poison.\"\" (\"\"Sola dosis facit venenum\"\" \"\"Only the dose makes the poison\"\") This was used to defend his use of inorganic substances in medicine as outsiders frequently criticized Paracelsus's chemical agents as too toxic to be used as therapeutic agents. His belief that diseases locate in a specific organ was extended to inclusion of target organ toxicity; that is, there is a specific site in the body where a chemical will exert its greatest effect. Paracelsus also encouraged using experimental animals to study both beneficial and toxic chemical effects. In his work \"\"Von den Krankeiten\"\" Paracelsus writes:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2519907", "chunk_text": "\"Potassium cyanide\"\neffects of potassium and sodium cyanide are identical, and symptoms of poisoning typically occur within a few minutes of ingesting the substance: the person loses consciousness, and brain death eventually follows. During this period the victim may suffer convulsions. Death is caused by cerebral hypoxia. The median lethal dose (human) for potassium cyanide is estimated at 200-300 mg. A number of prominent persons were killed or committed suicide using potassium cyanide, including members of the Young Bosnia and famous personalities in the Third Reich, such as Erwin Rommel, Hitler's longtime companion Eva Braun, Joseph Goebbels, Heinrich Himmler, and Hermann Göring.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6481941", "chunk_text": "Poison\ntheir complex, diffuse, and highly interrelated effects. The word \"\"poison\"\" was first used in 1200 to mean \"\"a deadly potion or substance\"\"; the English term comes from the \"\"...Old French poison, puison (12c., Modern French poison) \"\"a drink,\"\" especially a medical drink, later \"\"a (magic) potion, poisonous drink\"\" (14c.), from Latin potionem (nominative potio) \"\"a drinking, a drink,\"\" also \"\"poisonous drink\"\" (Cicero), from potare \"\"to drink\"\". The use of \"\"poison\"\" as an adjective (\"\"poisonous\"\") dates from the 1520s. Using the word \"\"poison\"\" with plant names dates from the 18th century. The term \"\"poison ivy\"\", for example, was first used in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_331	the outer layer of the skin that contains no blood or nerve supply is the?	n/a	[ "epidermis" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "332065", "chunk_text": "\"Human skin\"\nthe layer of skin beneath the epidermis that consists of connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain. The dermis is tightly connected to the epidermis by a basement membrane. It also harbors many nerve endings that provide the sense of touch and heat. It contains the hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, apocrine glands, lymphatic vessels and blood vessels. The blood vessels in the dermis provide nourishment and waste removal from its own cells as well as from the Stratum basale of the epidermis. The dermis is structurally divided into two areas: a superficial area adjacent to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13020542", "chunk_text": "\"Human skin\"\nunderlying basal lamina. The epidermis contains no blood vessels, and cells in the deepest layers are nourished almost exclusively by diffused oxygen from the surrounding air and to a far lesser degree by blood capillaries extending to the outer layers of the dermis. The main type of cells which make up the epidermis are Merkel cells, keratinocytes, with melanocytes and Langerhans cells also present. The epidermis can be further subdivided into the following \"\"strata\"\" (beginning with the outermost layer): corneum, lucidum (only in palms of hands and bottoms of feet), granulosum, spinosum, basale. Cells are formed through mitosis at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "209836", "chunk_text": "Skin\nand receives its name from the dense concentration of collagenous, elastic, and reticular fibers that weave throughout it. These protein fibers give the dermis its properties of strength, extensibility, and elasticity. Also located within the reticular region are the roots of the hair, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, receptors, nails, and blood vessels. The subcutaneous tissue (also hypodermis) is not part of the skin, and lies below the dermis. Its purpose is to attach the skin to underlying bone and muscle as well as supplying it with blood vessels and nerves. It consists of loose connective tissue and elastin. The main", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "332062", "chunk_text": "\"Human skin\"\nbasale layer. The daughter cells (see cell division) move up the strata changing shape and composition as they die due to isolation from their blood source. The cytoplasm is released and the protein keratin is inserted. They eventually reach the corneum and slough off (desquamation). This process is called \"\"keratinization\"\". This keratinized layer of skin is responsible for keeping water in the body and keeping other harmful chemicals and pathogens out, making skin a natural barrier to infection. The epidermis contains no blood vessels, and is nourished by diffusion from the dermis. The main type of cells which make up", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4116817", "chunk_text": "\"Stratum corneum\"\nStratum corneum The stratum corneum (Latin for 'horny layer') is the outermost layer of the epidermis, consisting of dead cells (corneocytes). This layer is composed of 15–20 layers of flattened cells with no nuclei and cell organelles. Their cytoplasm shows filamentous keratin. These corneocytes are embedded in a lipid matrix composed of ceramides, cholesterol, and fatty acids. The stratum corneum functions to form a barrier to protect underlying tissue from infection, dehydration, chemicals and mechanical stress. Desquamation, the process of cell shedding from the surface of the \"\"stratum corneum\"\", balances proliferating keratinocytes that form in the \"\"stratum basale\"\". These cells", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "332057", "chunk_text": "\"Human skin\"\nHuman skin The human skin is the outer covering of the body. In humans, it is the largest organ of the integumentary system. The skin has up to seven layers of ectodermal tissue and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs. Human skin is similar to most of the other mammals skin, and human skin is very similar to pig skin. Though nearly all human skin is covered with hair follicles, it can appear hairless. There are two general types of skin, hairy and glabrous skin (hairless). The adjective cutaneous literally means \"\"of the skin\"\" (from Latin \"\"cutis\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14923851", "chunk_text": "Epidermis\nEpidermis The epidermis is the outermost of the three layers that make up the skin, the inner layers being the dermis and hypodermis. The epidermis layer provides a barrier to infection from environmental pathogens and regulates the amount of water released from the body into the atmosphere through transepidermal water loss. The epidermis is composed of multiple layers of flattened cells that overlie a base layer (stratum basale) composed of columnar cells arranged perpendicularly. The rows of cells develop from stem cells in the basal layer. Cellular mechanisms for regulating water and sodium levels (ENaCs) are found in all layers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1502816", "chunk_text": "\"Subcutaneous tissue\"\nbeneath epidermis. It is used mainly for fat storage. A layer of tissue lies immediately below the dermis of vertebrate skin. It is often referred to as subcutaneous tissue though this is a less precise and anatomically inaccurate term. The hypodermis consists primarily of loose connective tissue and lobules of fat. It contains larger blood vessels and nerves than those found in the dermis. Subcutaneous tissue consists of: In some animals, such as whales and hibernating mammals, the hypodermis forms an important insulating layer and/or food store. In some plants, the hypodermis is a layer of cells immediately below the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11691903", "chunk_text": "\"Nerve supply to the skin\"\nthe kind of sensory inputs which project to a specific region of the primary somatosensory cortex. Groups of nerve terminals located in the different layers of the skin are categorized depending on whether the skin is hairy, nonhairy, or an exposed mucous membrane. The hairy parts of the body such as the forearm or the leg have two groups of nerve endings: those that end along with the hair follicles, and also with the arborizations of unmyelinated axons which are referred to as “free” nerve endings because they are served by both myelinated and unmyelinated axons. Nonhairy skin, such as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11578137", "chunk_text": "Skin\nSkin Skin is the soft outer tissue covering of vertebrates. Other animal coverings, such as the arthropod exoskeleton, have different developmental origin, structure and chemical composition. The adjective cutaneous means \"\"of the skin\"\" (from Latin \"\"cutis\"\", skin). In mammals, the skin is an organ of the integumentary system made up of multiple layers of ectodermal tissue, and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs. Skin of a different nature exists in amphibians, reptiles, and birds. All mammals have some hair on their skin, even marine mammals like whales, dolphins, and porpoises which appear to be hairless. The skin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5743467", "chunk_text": "\"Stratum corneum\"\nprotease inhibitor LEKTI causes the debilitating disorder Netherton syndrome. Stratum corneum The stratum corneum (Latin for 'horny layer') is the outermost layer of the epidermis, consisting of dead cells (corneocytes). This layer is composed of 15–20 layers of flattened cells with no nuclei and cell organelles. Their cytoplasm shows filamentous keratin. These corneocytes are embedded in a lipid matrix composed of ceramides, cholesterol, and fatty acids. The stratum corneum functions to form a barrier to protect underlying tissue from infection, dehydration, chemicals and mechanical stress. Desquamation, the process of cell shedding from the surface of the \"\"stratum corneum\"\", balances proliferating", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7679297", "chunk_text": "Dermis\nDermis The dermis or corium is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the cutis) and subcutaneous tissues, that primarily consists of dense irregular connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain. It is divided into two layers, the superficial area adjacent to the epidermis called the papillary region and a deep thicker area known as the reticular dermis. The dermis is tightly connected to the epidermis through a basement membrane. Structural components of the dermis are collagen, elastic fibers, and extrafibrillar matrix. It also contains mechanoreceptors that provide the sense of touch", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9531140", "chunk_text": "\"Integumentary system\"\norgan of the body. In humans, it accounts for about 12 to 15 percent of total body weight and covers 1.5-2m of surface area. The human skin (integument) is composed of at least two major layers of tissue: the epidermis and dermis. (The hypodermis or subcutaneous layer is not part of the skin.) The epidermis is the outermost layer, providing the initial barrier to the external environment. Beneath this, the dermis comprises two sections, the papillary and reticular layers, and contains connective tissues, vessels, glands, follicles, hair roots, sensory nerve endings, and muscular tissue. The deepest layer, the hypodermis, is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14169355", "chunk_text": "Skin\nthrough a basement membrane and is structurally divided into two areas: a superficial area adjacent to the epidermis, called the \"\"papillary region\"\", and a deep thicker area known as the \"\"reticular region\"\". The papillary region is composed of loose areolar connective tissue.This is named for its fingerlike projections called \"\"papillae\"\" that extend toward the epidermis. The papillae provide the dermis with a \"\"bumpy\"\" surface that interdigitates with the epidermis, strengthening the connection between the two layers of skin. The reticular region lies deep in the papillary region and is usually much thicker. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20204494", "chunk_text": "\"Artificial skin\"\nskin-like tissue grown in a laboratory, although this technology is still quite a way away from being viable for use in the medical field. 'Artificial skin' can also refer to flexible semiconductor materials that can sense touch for those with prosthetic limbs, (also experimental). The skin is the largest organ in the human body. Skin is made up of three layers, the epidermis, dermis and the fat layer, also called the hypodermis. The epidermis is the outer layer of skin that keeps vital fluids in and harmful bacteria out of the body. The dermis is the inner layer of skin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1502819", "chunk_text": "\"Subcutaneous tissue\"\nflow. \"\"Skin popping\"\" is a slang term that includes this method of administration, and is usually used in association with recreational drugs. Subcutaneous tissue The subcutaneous tissue (), also called the hypodermis, hypoderm (), subcutis, or superficial fascia, is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. The types of cells found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages. The hypodermis is derived from the mesoderm, but unlike the dermis, it is not derived from the dermatome region of the mesoderm. In arthropods, the hypodermis is an epidermal layer of cells that secretes the chitinous cuticle. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11578142", "chunk_text": "Skin\nstages of cell differentiation to eventually become anucleated. During that process, keratinocytes will become highly organized, forming cellular junctions (desmosomes) between each other and secreting keratin proteins and lipids which contribute to the formation of an extracellular matrix and provide mechanical strength to the skin. Keratinocytes from the stratum corneum are eventually shed from the surface (desquamation). The epidermis contains no blood vessels, and cells in the deepest layers are nourished by diffusion from blood capillaries extending to the upper layers of the dermis. The epidermis and dermis are separated by a thin sheet of fibers called the basement membrane,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9531144", "chunk_text": "\"Integumentary system\"\nthe areolar connective tissue. The other is the reticular layer which is the deep layer of the dermis and consists of the dense irregular connective tissue. These layers serve to give elasticity to the integument, allowing stretching and conferring flexibility, while also resisting distortions, wrinkling, and sagging. The dermal layer provides a site for the endings of blood vessels and nerves. Many chromatophores are also stored in this layer, as are the bases of integumental structures such as hair, feathers, and glands. The hypodermis, otherwise known as the subcutaneous layer, is a layer beneath the skin. It invaginates into the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8668013", "chunk_text": "Epineurium\nEpineurium The epineurium is the outermost layer of dense irregular connective tissue surrounding a peripheral nerve. It usually surrounds multiple nerve fascicles as well as blood vessels which supply the nerve. Smaller branches of these blood vessels penetrate into the perineurium. In addition to blood vessels which supply the nerve, lymphocytes and fibroblasts are also present and contribute to the production of collagen fibers that form the backbone of the epineurium. In addition to providing structural support, lymphocytes and fibroblasts also play a vital role in maintenance and repair of the surrounding tissues. When the spinal nerve leaves the vertebral", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11691902", "chunk_text": "\"Nerve supply to the skin\"\nmade possible by the action of specific sensory fibers located on the skin, as well as the distinct pathways they take to the central nervous system. The skin, which is part of the integumentary system, plays an important role in the somatic nervous system because it contains a range of nerve endings that react to heat and cold, touch, pressure, vibration, and tissue injury. The central nervous system (CNS) works with the peripheral nervous system in cutaneous innervation. The CNS is responsible for processing the information it receives from the cutaneous nerves that detect a given stimulus, and then identifying", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5731260", "chunk_text": "\"Nerve supply to the skin\"\nthe most densely innervated parts of the body. Though there is no specific categorization, both “free” nerve endings and unencapsulated nerve endings of myelinated axons are found within the dermis of those areas. The cornea, one of the other exposed mucous membranes, contains “free” nerve endings served by nonmyelinated axons. The conjunctiva contains a less dense distribution of “free” nerve endings that are served by both myelinated and unmyelinated axons. The distribution of the sensory neurons within the skin accounts for the large and overlapping receptive fields of the skin. The size of the receptive fields in turn explains why", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11691910", "chunk_text": "\"Nerve supply to the skin\"\nof the cerebral cortex. Nerve supply to the skin Cutaneous innervation refers to the area of the skin which is supplied by a specific cutaneous nerve. Dermatomes are similar; however, a dermatome only specifies the area served by a spinal nerve. In some cases, the dermatome is less specific (when a spinal nerve is the source for more than one cutaneous nerve), and in other cases it is more specific (when a cutaneous nerve is derived from multiple spinal nerves.) Modern texts are in agreement about which areas of the skin are served by which nerves, but there are minor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11578138", "chunk_text": "Skin\ninterfaces with the environment and is the first line of defense from external factors. For example, the skin plays a key role in protecting the body against pathogens and excessive water loss. Its other functions are insulation, temperature regulation, sensation, and the production of vitamin D folates. Severely damaged skin may heal by forming scar tissue. This is sometimes discoloured and depigmented. The thickness of skin also varies from location to location on an organism. In humans for example, the skin located under the eyes and around the eyelids is the thinnest skin in the body at 0.5 mm thick,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3113964", "chunk_text": "\"Stratum lucidum\"\nStratum lucidum The stratum lucidum (Latin for \"\"clear layer\"\") is a thin, clear layer of dead skin cells in the epidermis named for its translucent appearance under a microscope. It is readily visible by light microscopy only in areas of thick skin, which are found on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet. Located between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum layers, it is composed of three to five layers of dead, flattened keratinocytes. The keratinocytes of the stratum lucidum do not feature distinct boundaries and are filled with eleidin, an intermediate form of keratin. They", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11691900", "chunk_text": "\"Nerve supply to the skin\"\nNerve supply to the skin Cutaneous innervation refers to the area of the skin which is supplied by a specific cutaneous nerve. Dermatomes are similar; however, a dermatome only specifies the area served by a spinal nerve. In some cases, the dermatome is less specific (when a spinal nerve is the source for more than one cutaneous nerve), and in other cases it is more specific (when a cutaneous nerve is derived from multiple spinal nerves.) Modern texts are in agreement about which areas of the skin are served by which nerves, but there are minor variations in some of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1502815", "chunk_text": "\"Subcutaneous tissue\"\nSubcutaneous tissue The subcutaneous tissue (), also called the hypodermis, hypoderm (), subcutis, or superficial fascia, is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. The types of cells found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages. The hypodermis is derived from the mesoderm, but unlike the dermis, it is not derived from the dermatome region of the mesoderm. In arthropods, the hypodermis is an epidermal layer of cells that secretes the chitinous cuticle. The term also refers to a layer of cells lying immediately below the epidermis of plants. The hypodermis is beneath dermis which is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14169353", "chunk_text": "Skin\nwhich is made through the action of both tissues. The basement membrane controls the traffic of the cells and molecules between the dermis and epidermis but also serves, through the binding of a variety of cytokines and growth factors, as a reservoir for their controlled release during physiological remodeling or repair processes. The dermis is the layer of skin beneath the epidermis that consists of connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain. The dermis provides tensile strength and elasticity to the skin through an extracellular matrix composed of collagen fibrils, microfibrils, and elastic fibers, embedded in hyaluronan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "876687", "chunk_text": "\"Stratum basale\"\nStratum basale The stratum basale (basal layer, sometimes referred to as stratum germinativum) is the deepest layer of the five layers of the epidermis, the outer covering of skin in mammals. The \"\"stratum basale\"\" is a single layer of columnar or cuboidal cells. The cells are attached to each other and to the overlying stratum spinosum cells by desmosomes and hemidesmosomes. The nucleus is large, ovoid and occupies most of the cell. Some basal cells can act like stem cells with ability to divide and produced new cells , whereas others serve to anchor the epidermis glabrous skin (hairless), and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3265089", "chunk_text": "\"Thermal neutral zone\"\nfollowed by a period of good perfusion, necrosis will not occur. In temperate environments there is room to increase or decrease blood flow to the skin dramatically. This is achieved by way of special arrangements in the vascular beds of the skin. There are significant numbers of extra vessels, especially in the extremities with their large surface areas (hands, ears, toes etc.). These are direct connections between artery and vein which bypass nourishing capillaries, and are controlled by the sympathetic nervous system. These shunts are normally mostly closed, but opening them up allows the skin to become engorged with blood,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13020541", "chunk_text": "\"Human skin\"\n20 blood vessels, 60,000 melanocytes, and more than 1,000 nerve endings. The average human skin cell is about 30 micrometers in diameter, but there are variants. A skin cell usually ranges from 25-40 micrometers (squared), depending on a variety of factors. Skin is composed of three primary layers: the epidermis, the dermis and the hypodermis. Epidermis, \"\"epi\"\" coming from the Greek meaning \"\"over\"\" or \"\"upon\"\", is the outermost layer of the skin. It forms the waterproof, protective wrap over the body's surface which also serves as a barrier to infection and is made up of stratified squamous epithelium with an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7679303", "chunk_text": "Dermis\nmembranes, the equivalent structures to dermal papillae are generally termed \"\"connective tissue papillae\"\", which interdigitate with the rete pegs of the superficial epithelium. Dermis The dermis or corium is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the cutis) and subcutaneous tissues, that primarily consists of dense irregular connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain. It is divided into two layers, the superficial area adjacent to the epidermis called the papillary region and a deep thicker area known as the reticular dermis. The dermis is tightly connected to the epidermis through a basement", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5759199", "chunk_text": "Onychophora\nthe body pigment is insoluble in ethanol. Within the connective tissue lie three continuous layers of unspecialised smooth muscular tissue. The relatively thick outer layer is composed of annular muscles, and the similarly voluminous inner layer of longitudinal muscles. Between them lie thin diagonal muscles that wind backward and forward along the body axis in a spiral. Between the annular and diagonal muscles exist fine blood vessels, which lie below the superficially recognisable transverse rings of the skin and are responsible for the pseudo-segmented markings. Beneath the internal muscle layer lies the body cavity. In cross-section, this is divided into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "332068", "chunk_text": "\"Human skin\"\nStretch marks often from pregnancy and obesity, are also located in the dermis. The subcutaneous tissue (also \"\"hypodermis\"\" and \"\"subcutis\"\") is not part of the skin, and lies below the dermis of the cutis. Its purpose is to attach the skin to underlying bone and muscle as well as supplying it with blood vessels and nerves. It consists of loose connective tissue, adipose tissue and elastin. The main cell types are fibroblasts, macrophages and adipocytes (subcutaneous tissue contains 50% of body fat). Fat serves as padding and insulation for the body. Human skin shows high skin color variety from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1160725", "chunk_text": "\"Head and neck anatomy\"\nthe atlas near the foramen magnum, a large hole () at the base of the skull. The atlas joins with the occipital condyle above and the axis below. The spinal cord passes through the foramen magnum. The head and neck is covered in skin and its appendages, termed the integumentary system. These include hair, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and sensory nerves. The skin is made up of three microscopic layers: epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis is composed of stratified squamous epithelium and is divided into the following five sublayers or strata, listed in order from outer to inner: The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16180194", "chunk_text": "\"Human skin\"\nOily skin can be sallow and rough in texture and tends to have large, clearly visible pores everywhere, except around the eyes and neck. Human skin has a low permeability; that is, most foreign substances are unable to penetrate and diffuse through the skin. Skin's outermost layer, the stratum corneum, is an effective barrier to most inorganic nanosized particles. This protects the body from external particles such as toxins by not allowing them to come into contact with internal tissues. However, in some cases it is desirable to allow particles entry to the body through the skin. Potential medical applications", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12753807", "chunk_text": "Skin\nconsumer products, usually in the form of leather, but also as furs. Skin from sheep, goat and cattle was used to make parchment for manuscripts. Skin can also be cooked to make pork rind or crackling. Skin Skin is the soft outer tissue covering of vertebrates. Other animal coverings, such as the arthropod exoskeleton, have different developmental origin, structure and chemical composition. The adjective cutaneous means \"\"of the skin\"\" (from Latin \"\"cutis\"\", skin). In mammals, the skin is an organ of the integumentary system made up of multiple layers of ectodermal tissue, and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13398288", "chunk_text": "Skin\ndue to their influence over the lumen (space inside the tube) of the duct with dilation and constriction functions during secretions. The cells are found radially around the duct and provide a distinct attachment site for muscle fibers around the gland's body. The gland alveolus is a sac that is divided into three specific regions/layers. The outer layer or tunica fibrosa is composed of densely packed connective-tissue which connects with fibers from the spongy intermediate layer where elastic fibers as well as nerves reside. The nerves send signals to the muscles as well as the epithelial layers. Lastly, the epithelium", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8347166", "chunk_text": "\"Stratum basale\"\nhyper-proliferative epidermis (from a skin disease). The \"\"stratum basale\"\" is primarily made up of basal keratinocyte stem cells, which can be considered the stem cells of the epidermis. They divide to form the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum, which migrate superficially. Other types of cells found within the \"\"stratum basale\"\" are melanocytes (pigment-producing cells), Langerhans cells (immune cells), and Merkel cells (touch receptors). Stratum basale The stratum basale (basal layer, sometimes referred to as stratum germinativum) is the deepest layer of the five layers of the epidermis, the outer covering of skin in mammals. The \"\"stratum basale\"\" is a single", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3419518", "chunk_text": "Interstitium\nInterstitium The interstitium is a contiguous fluid-filled space existing between a structural barrier, such as a cell wall or the skin, and internal structures, such as organs, including muscles and the circulatory system. The fluid in this space is called \"\"interstitial fluid\"\", comprises water and solutes, and drains into the lymph system. The interstitial compartment is composed of connective and supporting tissues within the body – called the extracellular matrix – that are situated outside the blood and lymphatic vessels and the parenchyma of organs. The non-fluid parts of the interstitium are predominantly collagen types I, III, and V, elastin,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7679299", "chunk_text": "Dermis\nuppermost layer of the dermis. It intertwines with the rete ridges of the epidermis and is composed of fine and loosely arranged collagen fibers. The papillary region is composed of loose areolar connective tissue. This is named for its fingerlike projections called \"\"papillae\"\", that extend toward the epidermis and contain either terminal networks of blood capillaries or tactile Meissner's corpuscles. The reticular dermis is the lower layer of the dermis, found under the papillary dermis, composed of dense irregular connective tissue featuring densely packed collagen fibers. It is the primary location of dermal elastic fibers. The reticular region is usually", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11691904", "chunk_text": "\"Nerve supply to the skin\"\nthe palms of hands and the soles of feet, has three types of nerve terminations. The first one, Meissner’s corpuscles are encapsulated nerve endings attached to the epidermis in the dermal papilli that detect changes in texture and vibrations. Merkel's discs are arborizations of nonmyelinated axons that end in terminals on specialized tactile cells and which detect sustained touch and pressure. Lastly, there are also “free” nerve endings which are similar in structure to those in hairy skin, though they are more numerous. The exposed mucous membranes of the lips, the anal mucous membrane, and the external genital organs form", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13543885", "chunk_text": "\"Dermatome (anatomy)\"\nDermatome (anatomy) A dermatome is an area of skin that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve. There are 8 cervical nerves (C1 being an exception with no dermatome), 12 thoracic nerves, 5 lumbar nerves and 5 sacral nerves. Each of these nerves relays sensation (including pain) from a particular region of skin to the brain. A dermatome also refers to the part of an embryonic somite. Along the thorax and abdomen the dermatomes are like a stack of discs forming a human, each supplied by a different spinal nerve. Along the arms and the legs, the pattern is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13487657", "chunk_text": "\"Deep fascia\"\nDeep fascia Deep fascia (or investing fascia) is a fascia, a layer of dense connective tissue which can surround individual muscles, and also surround groups of muscles to separate into fascial compartments. This fibrous connective tissue interpenetrates and surrounds the muscles, bones, nerves and blood vessels of the body. It provides connection and communication in the form of aponeuroses, ligaments, tendons, retinacula, joint capsules, and septa. The deep fasciae envelop all bone (periosteum and endosteum); cartilage (perichondrium), and blood vessels (tunica externa) and become specialized in muscles (epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium) and nerves (epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium). The high density", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11079411", "chunk_text": "\"Loose connective tissue\"\ntissue, whose blood vessels provide the epithelium with nutrition, waste removal, and a ready supply of infection-fighting leukocytes when needed. Because of the abundance of open, fluid-filled space, leukocytes can move about freely in areolar tissue and can easily find and destroy pathogens. The areolar tissue is found beneath the dermis layer and is also underneath the epithelial tissue of all the body systems that have external openings. It is also a component of the lamina propria of the digestive and respiratory tracts, the mucous membranes of reproductive and urinary systems, the stroma of glands, and the hypodermis of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16461457", "chunk_text": "\"Connective tissue\"\nConnective tissue Connective tissue (CT) is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. It develops from the mesoderm. Connective tissue is found in between other tissues everywhere in the body, including the nervous system. In the central nervous system, the three outer membranes (the meninges) that envelop the brain and spinal cord are composed of connective tissue. They support and protect the body. All connective tissue consists of three main components: fibers (elastic and collagenous fibers), ground substance and cells. Not all authorities include blood or lymph as connective", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3113965", "chunk_text": "\"Stratum lucidum\"\nare surrounded by an oily substance that is the result of the exocytosis of lamellar bodies accumulated while the keratinocytes are moving through the stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum. The thickness of the stratum lucidum is controlled by the rate of mitosis (division) of the epidermal cells. Melanosomes in the stratum basale determine the darkness of the stratum lucidum. Stratum lucidum The stratum lucidum (Latin for \"\"clear layer\"\") is a thin, clear layer of dead skin cells in the epidermis named for its translucent appearance under a microscope. It is readily visible by light microscopy only in areas of thick", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12845546", "chunk_text": "\"Nail (anatomy)\"\nnail plate and the hyponychium. It is just under the free edge, in that portion of the nail where the nail bed ends and can be recognized in fair-skinned people by its glassy, greyish colour. It is not visible in some individuals while it is highly prominent on others. Together, the eponychium and the cuticle form a protective seal. The cuticle is the semi-circular layer of non-living, almost invisible dead skin cells that \"\"ride out on\"\" and cover the back of the visible nail plate while the eponychium is the fold of skin cells that produces the cuticle. They are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "332066", "chunk_text": "\"Human skin\"\nthe epidermis, called the \"\"papillary region\"\", and a deep thicker area known as the \"\"reticular region\"\". The papillary region is composed of loose areolar connective tissue. It is named for its fingerlike projections called \"\"papillae\"\", that extend toward the epidermis. The papillae provide the dermis with a \"\"bumpy\"\" surface that interdigitates with the epidermis, strengthening the connection between the two layers of skin. In the palms, fingers, soles, and toes, the influence of the papillae projecting into the epidermis forms contours in the skin's surface. These epidermal ridges occur in patterns (\"\"see:\"\" fingerprint) that are genetically and epigenetically determined and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10188869", "chunk_text": "\"Anatomical terms of microanatomy\"\nendodermal origin and is continuous with the skin at various body openings such as the eyes, ears, inside the nose, inside the mouth, lip, the urethral opening and the anus. Some mucous membranes secrete mucus, a thick protective fluid. The function of the membrane is to stop pathogens and dirt from entering the body and to prevent bodily tissues from becoming dehydrated. The submucosa consists of a dense and irregular layer of connective tissue with blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves branching into the mucosa and muscular layer. It contains the submucous plexus, and enteric nervous plexus, situated on the inner", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9125480", "chunk_text": "Epithelium\nforms the walls of the pericardium, pleurae, and peritoneum. In arthropods, the integument, or external \"\"skin\"\", consists of a single layer of epithelial ectoderm from which arises the cuticle, an outer covering of chitin the rigidity of which varies as per its chemical composition. Epithelial tissue rests on a basement membrane, which acts as a scaffolding on which epithelium can grow and regenerate after injuries. Epithelial tissue has a nerve supply, but no blood supply and must be nourished by substances diffusing from the blood vessels in the underlying tissue. The basement membrane acts as a selectively permeable membrane that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_332	what year did seven nation army come out?	n/a	[ "2003", "March 2003" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464126", "chunk_text": "\"Seven Nation Army\"\nSeven Nation Army \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\" (also stylized as \"\"7 Nation Army\"\") is a song by American rock duo The White Stripes. It was released as the lead single from their fourth studio album, \"\"Elephant\"\", in March 2003, and reached number one on the Alternative Songs chart —maintaining that position for three weeks. It also became the third best-performing song of the decade on the same chart. It was well received commercially as well, and won the Grammy Award for Best Rock Song. The song is known for its underlying riff, which plays throughout most of the song. Although it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464138", "chunk_text": "\"Seven Nation Army\"\nsong. Critics have ranked the song among the best tracks of the 2000s decade; it appeared on \"\"NME\"\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s, \"\"Rolling Stone\"\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s, and WFNX's retrospective lists, and it was placed at number one on \"\"Consequence of Sound\"\"<nowiki></nowiki>'s \"\"Top 50 Songs of the Decade\"\". In 2004, \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\" ranked No. 3 on the \"\"Pazz & Jop\"\" critics' poll, conducted by the U.S. music magazine \"\"The Village Voice\"\". It was also ranked No. 1 on Rhapsody's list of the Top 100 Tracks of the Decade. The song was listed at No. 30 on Pitchfork Media's top 500 songs of the 2000s, and at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18770302", "chunk_text": "\"Seven Nation Army\"\na silver certification; after receiving a gold certification two years later, the song was certified platinum in 2017 for selling over 600,000 copies. The song was certified gold by the FIMI in 2014; three years later, it received a platinum certification, having sold over 50,000 copies. \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\" played a significant role in the White Stripes' popularity. A writer for \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" described it as a \"\"career-changing hit\"\", and \"\"NME\"\"'s Daniel Martin viewed the song as the White Stripes' \"\"defining tune\"\", having sparked the band's transition \"\"from their garage rock beginnings to an entirely new level of acclaim\"\". In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464162", "chunk_text": "\"Seven Nation Army\"\nRussell, hard rock band The Pretty Reckless, heavy metal band Metallica and Argentine electrotango band Tanghetto. In 2015, it was covered by Haley Reinhart for Scott Bradlee's Postmordern Jukebox in a style reminiscent of a \"\"New Orleans funeral march\"\". The song has been remixed by The Glitch Mob as well, which was used in the first trailer for the 2016 video game \"\"Battlefield 1\"\". The song was covered during Maroon 5's Overexposed Tour in 2012, with lead guitarist James Valentine providing guitar and vocals and lead vocalist Adam Levine providing drums. The song was also covered by KT Tunstall (as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18770300", "chunk_text": "\"Seven Nation Army\"\nfour two weeks later. \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\" continued to chart intermittently years after its release. The song debuted at number four on the Federation of the Italian Music Industry (FIMI) chart on July 27, 2006, and it peaked at number three a week later. On June 29, 2008, it debuted at number 18 on the Swiss Hitparade chart, where it ultimately peaked at number four; it reentered this chart several times afterward, most recently in 2013. The song debuted at number 23 on the Ö3 Austria Top 40 chart on July 4, 2008, and it peaked at number 18 the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464144", "chunk_text": "\"Seven Nation Army\"\nnext week; it later entered the Ö3 Austria Top 75 chart for one week on February 3, 2012. The song also entered the French Singles Chart on multiple occasions from 2013 to 2018, peaking at number 48 on February 23, 2013. It debuted on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Rock Songs chart on January 18, 2014, peaking at number 12 during its first week. The song was awarded several certifications in the 2010s. It was certified gold by Germany's Federal Music Industry Association in 2010, indicating over 150,000 sales of the single. In 2013, the British Phonographic Industry awarded \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464127", "chunk_text": "\"Seven Nation Army\"\nsounds like a bass guitar (an instrument the group had never previously used), the sound is actually created by running Jack White's semi-acoustic, 1950s-style Kay Hollowbody guitar through a DigiTech Whammy pedal set down an octave. A combination of the song's popularity, recognizable riff, and defiant lyrics led to it becoming the band's signature song. Often ranked as one of the greatest songs of the 2000s, it has been used widely at sporting events and political protests internationally. \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\" has its origins in a guitar riff that Jack White, the White Stripes' lead singer and guitarist, wrote in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464131", "chunk_text": "\"Seven Nation Army\"\nlater made available for digital download. On January 3, 2014, Third Man Records announced a limited edition clear 7-inch vinyl reissue of \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\" as part of a package for subscribers to its Vault service. A black 7-inch vinyl reissue with updated artwork was released on February 27, 2015. \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\" is an alternative rock and garage rock song with a length of three minutes and 52 seconds. According to sheet music published by Universal Music Publishing Group, it is composed in the key of E minor in common time with a tempo of 120 beats per minute.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14298549", "chunk_text": "\"The White Stripes\"\nThe White Stripes The White Stripes were an American rock duo formed in 1997 in Detroit, Michigan. The group consisted of Jack White (songwriter, vocals, guitar, piano, and mandolin) and Meg White (drums and vocals). After releasing several singles and three albums within the Detroit music scene, The White Stripes rose to prominence in 2002, as part of the garage rock revival scene. Their successful and critically acclaimed albums \"\"White Blood Cells\"\" and \"\"Elephant\"\" drew attention from a large variety of media outlets in the United States and the United Kingdom, with the single \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\" which used a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464129", "chunk_text": "\"Seven Nation Army\"\nEngland, and was produced by Jack White. He wrote \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\" as a \"\"little experiment\"\", hoping to create a compelling song that did not include a chorus. The song's title originated from his mispronunciation of \"\"Salvation Army\"\" as a child. The title \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\" was initially used as a placeholder for the track before its lyrics were written; the name ultimately stuck. Jack White's idea of releasing \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\" as a single was initially opposed by the White Stripes' record labels, who wanted to release the song \"\"There's No Home for You Here\"\" instead. Jack White ultimately", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464139", "chunk_text": "\"Seven Nation Army\"\nNo. 2 in Observer Music Monthly's top 75 songs of the decade. It ranked No. 2 on Channel V Australia's top 1000 songs of the 2000s. It was voted No. 6 in Detroit's 100 Greatest Songs, a 2016 project by the \"\"Detroit Free Press\"\". In March 2005, \"\"Q\"\" magazine ranked \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\" at No. 8 in its list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Tracks. It was also called the 75th greatest hard rock song by VH1. In May 2008, \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" placed the song at No. 21 in its list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18770303", "chunk_text": "\"Seven Nation Army\"\naddition, \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\" contributed to the garage rock revival movement, becoming the first song in the genre to reach number one on \"\"Billboard\"\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Modern Rock chart. After its initial run on music charts, the song—especially its riff—grew in popularity as a result of its usage in sports. In 2012, \"\"Deadspin\"\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Alan Siegel described the \"\"riff-turned-anthem\"\" as \"\"ubiquitous\"\", and according to \"\"The New Yorker\"\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Alec Wilkinson, the riff \"\"might be the second-best-known guitar phrase in popular music, after the one from 'Satisfaction'\"\". Erik Adams of \"\"The A.V. Club\"\" attributed the song's popularity to its riff's \"\"simplicity\"\"—a characteristic that he remarked", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464141", "chunk_text": "\"Seven Nation Army\"\n8, 2003, \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\" debuted at number 27 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Modern Rock chart; on July 16, it peaked at number one, a position it maintained for three weeks. The song entered the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart on May 24, peaking at 76 that week. It debuted at number 38 on \"\"Billboard\"\"'s Mainstream rock chart on July 12, and it reached its peak position of 12 on November 8. It charted at number one on Canadian television channel Much's MuchMusic Countdown for the week starting July 18, 2003. The song debuted on the UK Singles Chart on May 3,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464156", "chunk_text": "\"Seven Nation Army\"\nthe pantheon of folk music. The song's usage has since expanded into various other sports settings. By 2007, audiences at the Penn State Nittany Lions' football games had begun chanting the riff in support of the team; since then, other football audiences have chanted the riff as well. Meanwhile, Arrangers' Publishing Company began publishing marching band arrangements of \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\", and the song has since been played by marching bands at various colleges, including Boston College and the University of Southern California. The song has been chanted by NFL fans and played by NBA and NHL teams, and it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18770305", "chunk_text": "\"Seven Nation Army\"\nthe White Stripes' version of \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\" followed the release of the trailer: within two weeks, the total number of streams and digital purchases of the song increased by 146 percent and 332 percent, respectively. On May 9, 2014, during the celebration of the 825th Hamburg Port Anniversary, \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\" was played using the horns of cruise ship MSC Magnifica as it entered the harbor. According to Alan Siegel of \"\"Deadspin\"\", \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\"'s riff is \"\"an organic part of sports culture\"\". The riff is commonly used in sports audience's chants, in which each note is usually sung", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18770304", "chunk_text": "\"Seven Nation Army\"\nmakes the song \"\"instantly familiar\"\" and \"\"instantly memorized\"\"—and Nate Sloan said that the four notes following the riff's first note create a feeling of \"\"urgency that makes [the riff] much more memorable\"\". The song has also appeared in various other media. It was featured in Ken Burns' 2010 baseball documentary \"\"The Tenth Inning\"\", and it appears as a playable track in \"\"\"\" as well as in \"\"Guitar Hero Live\"\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s online GHTV mode. In 2016, video game company EA used the Glitch Mob remix of the song in a trailer advertising \"\"Battlefield 1\"\". A surge in streams and digital sales of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464166", "chunk_text": "\"Seven Nation Army\"\nfirst released onto YouTube on February 16, 2012 at a total length of two minutes and fifty-eight seconds. Critically, Lewis Corner of Digital Spy noted the \"\"distinctive soul-pop\"\" vocals showcased by Collins and wrote that, \"\"Truth be told, we wish he'd fought a little harder to get one those eight original compositions he has on his forthcoming record out first.\"\" Priya Elan of \"\"NME\"\" concluded that although the cover may have seemed \"\"disturbing in theory\"\", it was ultimately \"\"disposable and forgettable as a McChicken sandwich [...] but not bad\"\". Seven Nation Army \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\" (also stylized as \"\"7 Nation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464154", "chunk_text": "\"Seven Nation Army\"\nusing the \"\"oh\"\" sound. This phenomenon has its roots in a UEFA Champions League soccer game in Italy in October 2003, during which fans of Belgium's Club Brugge KV began singing the riff in a game against Italy's A.C. Milan. They continued the chant after Club Brugge KV striker Andrés Mendoza scored a goal. Club Brugge KV won the game, and the song subsequently became the team's \"\"unofficial sports anthem\"\". After A.S. Roma won against Club Brugge KV at a soccer match in Belgium in 2006, fans of the former team began to use the riff as a chant, having", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464128", "chunk_text": "\"Seven Nation Army\"\nCorner Hotel in Melbourne, Australia, while the band was on tour in January 2002. He proceeded to show the riff to Ben Swank, who was traveling with the band for the tour; Swank responded, \"\"It's OK.\"\" Jack White later recalled that he \"\"didn't even think that rhythm was that great, either\"\". After initially saving the riff in case he was ever asked to create a James Bond theme song, he decided to incorporate it into a song for the White Stripes, believing the aforementioned scenario to be unlikely. \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\" was recorded at Toe Rag Studios in Hackney, London,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464140", "chunk_text": "\"Seven Nation Army\"\nIn October 2011, \"\"NME\"\" placed \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\" at No. 23 on its 150 Best Tracks of the Past 15 Years. \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\" ranked No. 20 in the 2009 Hottest 100 of All Time poll conducted by the Australian rock-radio network Triple J. On \"\"Rolling Stone\"\"'s updated version of its \"\"The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time\"\" in 2010, \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\" was listed at No. 286. In February 2013, listeners to BBC Radio 6 Music placed the song at No. 6 on \"\"6 Music's 100 Greatest Hits,\"\" reflecting the top songs released in the station's lifetime. On March", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464164", "chunk_text": "\"Seven Nation Army\"\nalbum's debut single, \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\" was a commercial success in multiple countries, peaking at number 16 on the Belgium Ultratop Charts for Wallonia and charting in Germany, the Netherlands, and Switzerland. The version was also included in a number of compilation albums, including \"\"NRJ Hits 2010 Vol. 2\"\" on Warner Records and \"\"Les hits de l'été 2010\"\" on Universal Music Group label. British singer and \"\"The X Factor\"\" runner-up Marcus Collins covered the song as his debut single, in a version based on the cover by Ben l'Oncle Soul. It was released in the United Kingdom on March 4,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464133", "chunk_text": "\"Seven Nation Army\"\nsense of \"\"anticipatory energy\"\", then transitions into what AllMusic's Tom Maginnis described as a crush of what stands for the chorus\"\", consisting of an electric guitar and a \"\"bashing crash cymbal\"\". John Mulvey of \"\"NME\"\" described \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\" as a \"\"diatribe against fame\"\". The song's lyrics were inspired by the growing attention received by the White Stripes. According to Jack White, the song tells the story of a person who, upon entering a town, hears its residents gossiping about him and proceeds to leave the town in response. Driven by a sense of loneliness, he ultimately returns. Regarding the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464157", "chunk_text": "\"Seven Nation Army\"\nwas once chanted by Formula One racing driver Nico Rosberg. Audiences often replace the \"\"oh\"\"s in the chant with the names of members of sports teams, as with Maxi Moralez and Andrea Pirlo of New York City FC. \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\" has served as an official anthem at various sporting events; \"\"NPR\"\"'s Rick Karr remarked that the song is \"\"arguably ... the world's most popular sports anthem\"\". It has been played at each UEFA European Football Championship since 2008, and it was played prior to the start of each game during the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Karr estimated that the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9967434", "chunk_text": "\"Jack White\"\nCobain.\"\" The album was followed up in 2003 by the commercially and critically successful \"\"Elephant\"\". The critic at Allmusic wrote that the album \"\"sounds even more pissed-off, paranoid and stunning than its predecessor ... darker and more difficult than \"\"White Blood Cells\"\"\"\". The album's first single, \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\", became the band's signature song, reaching number one on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart for three weeks, winning the 2004 Grammy Award for Best Rock Song, and becoming an international sporting and protest anthem. The band's fifth album, \"\"Get Behind Me Satan\"\", was recorded in White's own home and marked", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17311439", "chunk_text": "\"The White Stripes discography\"\na commercial success, peaking at number six on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" 200 and reaching the top ten in multiple other countries. \"\"Elephant\"\" has been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The album spawned the single \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\", which topped the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Alternative Songs chart and became the group's first appearance on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, where it peaked at number 76. The band then released their fifth studio album \"\"Get Behind Me Satan\"\" in June 2005. The album peaked at number three on the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200 and spawned three singles, including the hit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16162906", "chunk_text": "\"The Boys Are Back (The Oak Ridge Boys album)\"\nThe Boys Are Back (The Oak Ridge Boys album) The Boys Are Back is the thirtieth studio album of country music group The Oak Ridge Boys. It was released in 2009 under the Spring Hill Music Group label. The album marked the group's return to secular country music after releasing gospel albums since 1992. The track \"\"Seven Nation Army,\"\" a cover of The White Stripes's 2003 song from their album \"\"Elephant\"\", was released as the album's first single. The track \"\"Beautiful Bluebird\"\" was written and previously recorded by country rock musical artist Neil Young for his 1985 album \"\"Old Ways\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464130", "chunk_text": "\"Seven Nation Army\"\nsucceeded in persuading the band's record labels to release \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\", and in 2003 the song was released as a promotional single alongside \"\"Elephant\"\" track \"\"In the Cold, Cold Night\"\". It was subsequently released as a 7-inch vinyl single and a CD single; the former included a cover of \"\"Good to Me\"\"—written by Brendan Benson and Jason Falkner—as its B-side, while the latter included both \"\"Good to Me\"\" and folk song \"\"Black Jack Davey\"\". The photograph used as the album's artwork was taken by Patrick Pantano; it includes an elephant painting made by Greg Siemasz. \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\" was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464158", "chunk_text": "\"Seven Nation Army\"\nsong has reached \"\"hundreds of millions of television viewers around the world\"\" as a result of its usage in the latter tournament. Multiple sports teams and personalities have also used \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\" as their official song, including boxers Gennady Golovkin and Anthony Joshua, football teams the Baltimore Ravens and the Detroit Lions, ice hockey team the New Jersey Devils, baseball team the Baltimore Orioles, and darts player Michael van Gerwen. In 2016, the White Stripes stated via Facebook that they were \"\"disgusted\"\" by the song's appearance in a video supporting Donald Trump's campaign for the 2016 U.S. presidential election,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464161", "chunk_text": "\"Seven Nation Army\"\nchanted to the tune of the song's riff during conferences held for the election. At a People's Assembly protest on July 1, alternative rock band Wolf Alice performed a cover of the song. Adapted from \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\" 7-inch vinyl reissue liner notes. The song has been covered by blues musician C. W. Stoneking as well as the country group The Oak Ridge Boys (with bass singer Richard Sterban singing the original guitar riffs), funk metal band Living Colour, rock supergroup Audioslave, indie band Hard-Fi, alternative rock band The Flaming Lips, English indie singer Kate Nash, British soul singer Alice", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18770307", "chunk_text": "\"Seven Nation Army\"\nlearned it from the latter. Fans of the Italy national football team proceeded to chant the riff at games leading up to the 2006 FIFA World Cup, and \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\"—known as the \"\"po po po po po\"\" song among Italians—became the team's \"\"unofficial theme\"\". After Italy won the 2006 FIFA World Cup Final, the riff was sung in Rome's streets. Regarding the song's popularity in Italy, Jack White said: I am honored that the Italians have adopted this song as their own. Nothing is more beautiful in music than when people embrace a melody and allow it to enter", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464135", "chunk_text": "\"Seven Nation Army\"\nmarching skeletons and an elephant, referring to the name of the album \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\" appeared on. The speed at which the triangles move forward through the tunnel speeds up and slows down in unison with the dynamics of the song. During the video, when the song begins to intensify, the lights in surrounding the triangles flash and other effects build up as well. \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\" received widespread critical acclaim, winning the Grammy Award for Best Rock Song at the 46th Annual Grammy Awards. Heather Phares of AllMusic described it as a \"\"breathtaking opener\"\" to the album \"\"Elephant\"\", and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2863637", "chunk_text": "Sevendust\nalbum gained charting success through \"\"Billboard\"\" and earned a gold certification. Since formation, Sevendust has released 12 studio albums, earning additional chart success and gold sales certifications. They have also re-released their self-titled album as \"\"Sevendust: Definitive Edition\"\" which contains five new tracks and a DVD. In 1994, bassist Vince Hornsby joined drummer Morgan Rose in a band called Snake Nation. John Connolly, a drummer, left his then band and joined Snake Nation as a guitarist. They recorded their first demo. Not happy with vocals, however, Snake Nation spent a year searching for a new singer before finding Lajon Witherspoon.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464132", "chunk_text": "\"Seven Nation Army\"\nThe song is driven by a riff that resembles the sound of a bass guitar. To create this sound, Jack White connected a semi-acoustic guitar to a DigiTech Whammy Pedal that had been lowered one octave. The riff uses five different pitches and consists of seven notes; it begins with a held note followed by four syncopated notes, ending with two notes that appear frequently in laments. The song also features distorted vocals and a \"\"heartbeat drum\"\", played by White Stripes drummer Meg White. Tom Maginnins noted that the song \"\"manipulat[es] the power of tension and release\"\": it creates a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13508368", "chunk_text": "\"The White Stripes\"\nsingle, \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\", was the band's most successful. The song was at the top of the rock charts on Billboard. Its success was followed with a cover of Burt Bacharach's \"\"I Just Don't Know What to Do with Myself\"\". The album's third single was the successful \"\"The Hardest Button to Button\"\". \"\"There's No Home for You Here\"\" was the fourth single. In 2004, the album won a Grammy for Best Alternative Music Album, while \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\" won a Grammy for Best Rock Song. In 2005, according to an interview with David Fricke of Rolling Stone, Jack began working", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19756476", "chunk_text": "\"The Tritones\"\nThe Tritones The Tritones are an a cappella co-ed group from the University of California, San Diego. The group was founded in 1996 and is the first of seven a cappella groups on the campus. The group is composed of 14-18 undergraduate and graduate students from the University and sings a variety of genres, from jazz to Top 40's. The Group frequently competes in the International Championship of Collegiate A Cappella. The Tritones have performed alongside Taylor Swift at the 2010 Country Music Awards and opened for the Far East Movement. On their most recent EP release, \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2537830", "chunk_text": "\"Seven (David Bowie song)\"\nSeven (David Bowie song) \"\"Seven\"\" is a song written by David Bowie and Reeves Gabrels for the album \"\"Hours\"\" in 1999. As with some of the other songs from \"\"Hours\"\" it was originally written for the computer game \"\"Omikron - The Nomad Soul\"\" from 1999. In July 2000, it was released as the fourth single from the album. The version used in the \"\"Omikron - The Nomad Soul\"\" was called \"\"Demo version\"\" on the single releases. This version also included the music video of \"\"I'm Afraid of Americans\"\". All tracks was recorded at Kit Kat Klub, New York City, 19", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10214453", "chunk_text": "\"Seven Years Past\"\ngold, R.E.M. – Road Movie (Warner Bros./HBO) (M), Sevendust – Scream 3 (on the song \"\"Fall\"\"), Seven Mary Three – Welcome Race Fans (self-released EP), Seven Years Past – \"\"24 Days in May\"\" (self-released CD), Sublime – self-released (P-E-M), System of a Down – self-titled debut (American) (E), Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers – She's the One (E-M), Tool – Undertow (Zoo/BMG) (P-E) 2x platinum, Tool – Opiate (Zoo/BMG) (P-E-M) platinum Released in 2013, Switches is An 8-song effort recorded in Buffalo NY and produced by Goo Goo Dolls bassist and songwriter Robby Takac. There are a couple of re-worked", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464137", "chunk_text": "\"Seven Nation Army\"\nwas \"\"explosively minimal\"\". Critics compared the song to the White Stripes' other work. According to Teltelman, \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\" represented an effort to \"\"defy categorization\"\", especially the garage rock label that had been attributed to the band. He further wrote that it was \"\"much more of a straightforward rock song\"\" than the band's 2002 single \"\"Fell in Love with a Girl\"\". Phares found \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\", along with \"\"The Hardest Button to Button\"\", to \"\"deliver some of the fiercest blues-punk\"\" of any song by the White Stripes, and Alex Young of \"\"Consequence of Sound\"\" viewed it as the band's best", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9725001", "chunk_text": "\"Good Girl Gone Bad: Reloaded\"\nthe White Stripes song \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\" (2003) and was accompanied by flames that shot up across the front of the stage. A reviewer from \"\"The National\"\" praised the material on the original album, particularly the \"\"ubiquity\"\" of \"\"Umbrella\"\", and also complimented \"\"Don't Stop the Music\"\", \"\"Hate That I Love You\"\", and \"\"Shut Up and Drive\"\". He further stated that the release of \"\"Good Girl Gone Bad: Reloaded\"\" was made to mark the first anniversary of the album and that \"\"the new tracks are everything you want pop to be, and are a testament to the power of the original", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2351103", "chunk_text": "\"The Glitch Mob\"\nfor \"\"The Crew\"\". The sophomore Glitch Mob album \"\"Love Death Immortality\"\" debuted at number 1 on the Billboard Dance/Electronic Songs chart and at number 13 on the Billboard 200. Their remix for \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\" by The White Stripes was featured in the trailer for the 2013 film , as well as the trailer for the World War I first-person shooter, \"\"Battlefield 1\"\". Their song \"\"Skullclub\"\" was featured in an advert for Amazon Echo. During their 2014 tour The Glitch Mob performed with a new musical element they called \"\"The Blade.\"\" Built by movie set designers, it is a customized,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464142", "chunk_text": "\"Seven Nation Army\"\n2003 at number seven, its peak position. It also reached the UK Indie Chart and Scottish Singles Chart the same week. The song debuted on the former at number one and remained at that position for another week, and it debuted and peaked at number six on the latter. On May 1, it debuted on the Irish Singles Chart, where it peaked at number 22. On June 22, the song debuted on the Australian Singles Chart at its peak position of number 17. It debuted on the Official German Charts at number 69 on June 27; it peaked at number", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20514660", "chunk_text": "\"I Am Seven\"\nI Am Seven I Am Seven (stylized I AM SE7EN) is the third mini-album by South Korean recording artist Seven. It was released on October 14, 2016, under Eleven9 Entertainment and distributed by LOEN Entertainment. Following a hiatus lasting nearly five years, the record is his first release since his military service scandal in 2013 and departure from YG Entertainment the following year. Seven was subject to conscription in South Korea and enlisted for military service on March 19, 2013. In June of that year, Seven was among three celebrities filmed \"\"visiting illegal massage parlors that provide adult services while", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18706468", "chunk_text": "\"The Magnificent Seven (song)\"\nThe Magnificent Seven (song) \"\"The Magnificent Seven\"\" is a song and single by the English punk rock band the Clash. It was the third single from their fourth album \"\"Sandinista!\"\". It reached number 34 on the UK Singles Chart. The song was inspired by old school hip hop acts from New York City, like the Sugarhill Gang and Grandmaster Flash & the Furious Five. Rap was still a new and emerging music genre at the time, and the band, especially Mick Jones, was very impressed with it, so much so that Jones took to carrying a boombox around and got", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464136", "chunk_text": "\"Seven Nation Army\"\nBram Teltelman of \"\"Billboard\"\" suggested that \"\"adventurous rock programmers might want to join the 'Army'\"\". In particular, \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\"'s central riff has been the subject of praise since the song's release. A writer for \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" described it as the best riff of the 2000s decade, and Rebecca Schiller of \"\"NME\"\" wrote that the riff is \"\"the most maddeningly compulsive bassline of the decade, and not even actually played on a bass guitar\"\". Critics also praised Meg White's drumming—a \"\"hypnotic thud\"\" according to Tom Maginnis of AllMusic. Teltelman described the drumming as \"\"simple but effective\"\", and Phares said it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3702770", "chunk_text": "\"Seven Nations (band)\"\nSeven Nations (band) Seven Nations is a Celtic rock band that formed in New York City in 1993. The name comes from the seven Celtic nations, including Scotland, Ireland, Wales, Brittany, Cornwall, the Isle of Man, and Galicia. The band tours extensively and has played in many diverse venues, from small bars to concert halls. They were previously known as Clan Na Gael, but lost that name due to a trademark dispute. At just that time, they got a huge sponsor, allowing them expanded notoriety. Seven Nations started to form in Middleburg High, located in Florida. They would joke around", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "562575", "chunk_text": "\"Automatic 7\"\nAutomatic 7 Automatic 7 is an American rock trio. Formed in 1993, they have released three albums to date. They released their debut album self-titled \"\"Automatic 7\"\" on November 22, 1995 on BYO Records. Band members John Hulett (vocals and guitar), Nic Nifoussi (bass guitar and vocals) and Ray Mehlbaum (drums) toured North America and Europe with Social Distortion, Bad Religion, Face to Face, Bouncing Souls, Less than Jake, D.O.A., Youth Brigade, Shades Apart, Down By Law, Suicide Machines in addition to various shows with Love and Rockets, Lit, Jimmy Eat World, Reverend Horton Heat and John Doe of X.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19978399", "chunk_text": "\"G.I. Joe: Retaliation\"\nmartial law, which is not a fair representation of the country.\"\" Another cinema official explained \"\"There were obviously several objectionable things which would never have passed the censors, but these things are also relevant to the content of the film.\"\" On December 12, 2011, the premiere trailer for the film was released on YouTube exclusively from Machinima.com. The trailer itself features a remix of the White Stripes' song \"\"Seven Nation Army\"\" by The Glitch Mob. Following the release of the trailer, \"\"Interview\"\" magazine featured \"\"G.I. Joe: Retaliation\"\" in \"\"Thursday video Face-Off\"\" against the indie film \"\"Alter Egos\"\" on January 12,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464163", "chunk_text": "\"Seven Nation Army\"\na medley with her own \"\"Black Horse and the Cherry Tree\"\") on her 2013 Invisible Empire/Crescent Moon tour. European fans of the English pop star Robbie Williams frequently chant the song's riff both before and during a concert; renowned for his call and response relationship with his audience, Williams often improvises lyrics relating to the city in which he is performing, backed by the audience's riff. Thrash metal band Sepultura used the main riff as an outro on Zombie Ritual, a cover by Death. French soul singer Ben l'Oncle Soul covered the song on his self-titled album. Released as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17775965", "chunk_text": "\"Ocean's 7\"\nOcean's 7 Ocean's 7 was an American musical collective composed of Jermaine Dupri, Bryan Michael-Cox, Johntá Austin, Usher, Trey Songz, and Dupri's assistant Tyrone. The group had a short stint releasing the mixtape \"\"3000 and 9 shit\"\", on May 5, 2009. The group was formed by record producer and rapper Dupri. The group was modeled after the Rat Pack in the film \"\"Ocean's 11\"\". Like the Rat Pack, Jermaine Dupri, Bryan Michael-Cox, Johnta Austin, are all friends and have teamed up to write and produce various hit singles for several artists in their careers. Often the team works together or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6337779", "chunk_text": "\"Ocean's 7\"\nOcean's 7 Ocean's 7 was an American musical collective composed of Jermaine Dupri, Bryan Michael-Cox, Johntá Austin, Usher, Trey Songz, and Dupri's assistant Tyrone. The group had a short stint releasing the mixtape \"\"3000 and 9 shit\"\", on May 5, 2009. The group was formed by record producer and rapper Dupri. The group was modeled after the Rat Pack in the film \"\"Ocean's 11\"\". Like the Rat Pack, Jermaine Dupri, Bryan Michael-Cox, Johnta Austin, are all friends and have teamed up to write and produce various hit singles for several artists in their careers. Often the team works together or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_333	what episode does marnie come back in geordie shore?	n/a	[ "5" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1459123", "chunk_text": "\"Geordie Shore\"\nquit the show for personal reasons. New cast members for this series include Sam Gowland, who had previously appeared on the third series of \"\"Love Island\"\", as well as Steph Snowdon. However it was later revealed that Steph had been axed from the show and would therefore not return for the seventeenth series. During this series, cast members Aaron Chalmers and Marnie Simpson both announced that they'd quit the show - therefore this was their final series. The seventeenth series of the show was filmed in February 2018 and began on 15 May 2018. The series was filmed in Australia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12061170", "chunk_text": "\"Geordie Shore (series 15)\"\nGeordie Shore (series 15) The fifteenth series of Geordie Shore, a British television programme based in Newcastle upon Tyne, was confirmed on 8 August 2017 when a teaser video was released. The series began on 29 August 2017, and concluded after nine episodes on 17 October 2017. This was the final series to include Scotty T and Marty McKenna after they were both axed from the show, as well as original cast member Gaz Beadle following his decision to quit. The series also featured the brief return of Elettra Lamborghini, when the cast jetted off to Rome. The series included", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10299974", "chunk_text": "\"Marnie Simpson\"\nMarnie Simpson Marnie Simpson is a reality television personality who appeared on the MTV reality show, \"\"Geordie Shore\"\". She came in fourth place on the eighteenth series of \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\". She was also a castmate on the eighth series of \"\"Ex on the Beach\"\". Simpson was a Miss Newcastle runner up and worked as a waitress before \"\"Geordie Shore\"\". Her cousin is fellow reality personality Sophie Kasaei. Simpson joined \"\"Geordie Shore\"\" in 2013 and left the show in 2015 at the end of the eleventh series, but returned in the twelfth series. In 2016, she took part in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10299975", "chunk_text": "\"Marnie Simpson\"\neighteenth series of \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\" where she finished in fourth place, following a romance with fellow contestant Lewis Bloor. In 2017, she returned to \"\"Big Brother 18\"\", as a special VIP guest for a shopping task. Simpson took part in series eight of \"\"Ex on the Beach\"\". In 2017 Simpson began her own business of contact lenses ‘I Spy Eyes by Marnie Simpson’. Marnie Simpson Marnie Simpson is a reality television personality who appeared on the MTV reality show, \"\"Geordie Shore\"\". She came in fourth place on the eighteenth series of \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\". She was also a castmate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2203425", "chunk_text": "\"Geordie Shore\"\nCast member Kyle Christie departed the series after four seasons. The cast had traveled to Zante, Malia, Ios, Santorini, Mykonos, and Athens for the series. Series 12 was filmed in October and November 2015 and began airing on 15 March 2016. It was the first series to include new cast members Chantelle Connelly and Marty McKenna, who had previously appeared on the third series of \"\"Ex on the Beach\"\". Marnie Simpson would also rejoin for the twelfth series having left at the end of the previous series. On 12 February 2016, MTV announced that cast members, past and present, would", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9526896", "chunk_text": "\"Geordie Shore (series 17)\"\ncast members had joined the series, including Grant Molloy, Adam Guthrie and four Australians, Alex MacPherson, Nick Murdoch, Dee Nguyen, and Chrysten Zenoni. Zenoni had previously appeared in the fifth series of \"\"Ex on the Beach\"\". The new cast members are to replace Aaron Chalmers and Marnie Simpson, who both announced that they'd quit the show, and Steph Snowdon who was fired after the sixteenth series. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Geordie Shore (series 17) The seventeenth series of Geordie Shore, a British television programme based in Newcastle Upon Tyne was filmed in February 2018, and began airing from 15 May 2018. It concluded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1041319", "chunk_text": "\"Geordie Shore (series 7)\"\nlist, new cast member Marnie isolating herself after breaking up the friendship between Gaz and Scott, and Jay returning to fix the drift between the cast members. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Geordie Shore (series 7) The seventh series of Geordie Shore, a British television programme based in Newcastle upon Tyne, was announced on 5 July 2013 after cast members Holly Hagan and Vicky Pattison had been arrested for assault on a night out during filming. The series began on 17 September 2013, just three weeks after Series 6 had concluded, and finished airing on 22 October 2013 after six episodes. This series had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8015128", "chunk_text": "\"Geordie Shore (series 17)\"\nGeordie Shore (series 17) The seventeenth series of Geordie Shore, a British television programme based in Newcastle Upon Tyne was filmed in February 2018, and began airing from 15 May 2018. It concluded following twelve episodes on 31 July 2018 making this the joint longest series to date. The series was filmed in Australia rather than Newcastle, making this the second series to be filmed here following the sixth series in 2013. Ahead of the series it was announced that former cast member Holly Hagan would be making a return to the show. It was also confirmed that six new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1041318", "chunk_text": "\"Geordie Shore (series 7)\"\n2013 as the cast members had all been absent from Twitter since then. This was the last series to feature Sophie Kasaei after she was axed from the series following a racial slur. It was also the first series to feature Sophie's cousin, Marnie Simpson and included the brief return of Jay Gardner, who had previously featured in series one to three, and again during the sixth series for two episodes. Following Vicky's arrest, she was absent from the final half of the series. This series included the cast members taking part in a number of activities on their bucket", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1459121", "chunk_text": "\"Geordie Shore\"\n\"\"Ex on the Beach\"\", with the former appearing on the third series of the show as the ex-girlfriend of current cast member Marty (before he joined the cast). Lamborghini has also appeared on \"\"Super Shore\"\" and participated in the fifth season of \"\"Gran Hermano VIP\"\", the Spanish version of \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\". The fifteenth series was confirmed on 8 August 2017 when a teaser video was released. The series began on 29 August 2017, and concluded after nine episodes on 17 October 2017. This was the final series to include Scotty T and Marty McKenna after they were both axed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12061171", "chunk_text": "\"Geordie Shore (series 15)\"\nfurther twists in Aaron and Marnie's turbulent relationship, a newly single Gaz getting cosy with Abbie, as well as Chloe and Nathan's friendship facing its biggest strain to date. It also features the group visiting Rome, and Aaron taking part in his debut MMA fight in Birmingham. Former cast member James Tindale made a one-off return during the eighth episode of the series. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Geordie Shore (series 15) The fifteenth series of Geordie Shore, a British television programme based in Newcastle upon Tyne, was confirmed on 8 August 2017 when a teaser video was released. The series began on 29", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1459122", "chunk_text": "\"Geordie Shore\"\nfrom the show, as well as original cast member Gaz Beadle following his decision to quit. The series also featured the brief return of Elettra Lamborghini, when the cast jetted off to Rome. It also features Aaron taking part in his debut MMA fight in Birmingham. Former cast member James Tindale made a one-off return during the eighth episode of the series. The sixteenth series was filmed in September 2017 and began on 9 January 2018, and concluded after ten episodes on 13 March 2018. This is the first series not to include original cast member Gaz Beadle after he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9976989", "chunk_text": "\"Geordie Shore (series 16)\"\nGeordie Shore (series 16) The sixteenth series of Geordie Shore, a British television programme based in Newcastle Upon Tyne was filmed in September 2017 and began on 9 January 2018, and concluded after ten episodes on 13 March 2018. This is the first series not to include original cast member Gaz Beadle after he quit the show for personal reasons. New cast members for this series include Sam Gowland, who had previously appeared on the third series of \"\"Love Island\"\", as well as Steph Snowdon. However it was later revealed that Steph had been axed from the show and would", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2203414", "chunk_text": "\"Geordie Shore\"\nassault during filming. On 12 July 2013, Sophie was axed from the show after exhibiting offensive behaviour on the night when Holly and Vicky were arrested. Holly Hagan was cleared on 21 August 2013. Marnie Simpson, the cousin of Sophie, joined the show for this season. Jay Gardner also made another one off return during this series. After the series, on 15 December 2013, in a bid to reach Christmas number one, Gaz released his debut single which features vocals from The Risk, who previously featured in the eighth series of \"\"The X Factor\"\". The eighth series of the show", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18469425", "chunk_text": "\"Geordie Shore\"\nbe reuniting for a mini-series to celebrate five years of the show. The series would be a six-part special and would begin on 10 May 2016. All of the current cast members would return, as well as former cast members Daniel Thomas-Tuck, James Tindale, Jay Gardner, Kyle Christie, Ricci Guarnaccio, and Sophie Kasaei. The series also featured the show's 100th episode. On 1 June 2016, original cast member Charlotte Crosby quit the show, making the Birthday Battle her final series. Series 13 was shot in June and July 2016 and began on 25 October 2016. This series featured the return", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18469403", "chunk_text": "\"Geordie Shore\"\non 24 May 2011 and concluded on 28 June 2011, consisting of six episodes. It was then followed by a reunion show hosted by Russell Kane where the cast discussed the series in front of an audience. This episode aired on 5 July 2011, and was followed by a \"\"Best Bits\"\" special which counted down the best moments from the first series in an episode airing 12 July 2011. The series included the turbulent relationship of Holly (who entered the house three days late) and Dan coming to an end, the beginning of Gaz and Charlotte's ongoing love/hate relationship, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9976990", "chunk_text": "\"Geordie Shore (series 16)\"\ntherefore not return for the seventeenth series. During this series, cast members Aaron Chalmers and Marnie Simpson both announced that they'd quit the show - therefore this was their final series. The series focused heavily on the love triangle between Abbie, Chloe and Sam, before Chloe and Sam finally make their relationship official. It also included former flames Aaron and Marnie coming to terms with living in the house together whilst both in relationships outside of the house, as well as Sophie and Nathan's struggles without their other halves. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Geordie Shore (series 16) The sixteenth series of Geordie Shore,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20087949", "chunk_text": "\"Ex on the Beach\"\nwell as \"\"Beauty School Cop Outs\"\" cast member Savannah Kemplay. Marty and Josh had previously appeared in the third and sixth series of the show respectively. Shortly after the series it was announced that Dean Ralph and Jordan Wright had joined the cast of \"\"The Only Way Is Essex\"\" for the twenty-second series. The eighth series of the show is expected to begin on 20 March 2018, and was filmed in Spain. The series was confirmed in August 2017. The cast for this series was revealed on 20 February 2018, and includes \"\"Geordie Shore\"\" star Marnie Simpson as well as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5283069", "chunk_text": "\"Geordie Shore (series 14)\"\nGeordie Shore (series 14) The fourteenth series of Geordie Shore, a British television programme based in Newcastle upon Tyne, was confirmed on 31 October 2016 when cast member Scotty T announced that he would be taking a break from the series to focus on other commitments. The series was filmed in November 2016, and began airing on 28 March 2017. Ahead of the series, it was also confirmed that original cast member Holly Hagan had quit the show, following her exit in the previous series. On 28 February 2017, it was announced that eight new cast members had joined for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1459120", "chunk_text": "\"Geordie Shore\"\nKyle Christie. The fourteenth series was confirmed on 31 October 2016 when Scotty T announced that he would be taking a break from the series to focus on other commitments. The series was filmed in November 2016, and began airing on 28 March 2017. Ahead of the series, it was also confirmed that original cast member Holly had quit the show, following her exit in the previous series. Eight new cast members joined for this series: Zahida Allen, Chelsea Barber, Sam Bentham, Sarah Goodhart, Abbie Holborn, Elettra Lamborghini, Billy Phillips and Eve Shannon. Goodhart and Allen both previously appeared on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20404433", "chunk_text": "\"The Only Way Is Essex\"\nairing from 23 February 2014 consisting of 12 episodes, ending on 2 April 2014. This series was the first to include Fran Parman, Grace Andrews and Georgia Kousoulou but was the last to feature original cast member Sam Faiers as she departed to focus on her health. Mark Wright also made another cameo appearance during this series, and it also included the return of Lydia Bright who made a full-time return to the series during the series finale. The twelfth series began on 22 June 2014 with two \"\"The Only Way Is Marbs\"\" specials followed by 10 regular episodes, concluding", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1459124", "chunk_text": "\"Geordie Shore\"\nrather than Newcastle, making this the second series to be filmed here following the sixth series in 2013. Former cast member Holly Hagan returned to the show in this series. Six new cast members joined the series: Grant Molloy, Adam Guthrie, and four Australians: Alexander MacPherson, Nick Murdoch, Dee Nguyen, and Chrysten Zenoni. The eighteenth series of the show was filmed in July 2018 and began airing on 16 October 2018. This will be the first series to include new cast member Faith Mullen. Original cast members Holly Hagan and James Tindale returned to the series along with Kyle Christie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20404427", "chunk_text": "\"The Only Way Is Essex\"\ninclude Georgina Dorsett who left after just two series. Shortly after the series, an hour-long special entitled \"\"The Only Way Is Marbs\"\", set in the holiday destination of Marbella, aired on 13 June 2012. Tinchy Stryder made a guest appearance in the episode. The sixth series started airing from 22 July 2012 and concluded on 22 August 2012. Lauren Goodger confirmed that this series would be her last and she departed at the end of the series. Former cast member Mark Wright, who last appeared in Series 3, made a cameo in the eighth episode, but did not have a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5283071", "chunk_text": "\"Geordie Shore (series 14)\"\nBig Brother\"\". It was also confirmed that Scott would return later in the series. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Geordie Shore (series 14) The fourteenth series of Geordie Shore, a British television programme based in Newcastle upon Tyne, was confirmed on 31 October 2016 when cast member Scotty T announced that he would be taking a break from the series to focus on other commitments. The series was filmed in November 2016, and began airing on 28 March 2017. Ahead of the series, it was also confirmed that original cast member Holly Hagan had quit the show, following her exit in the previous series.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2203423", "chunk_text": "\"Geordie Shore\"\nseries would be filmed in July/August 2014 and hinted at it being abroad. However the series remained in Newcastle. A new trailer confirmed that Vicky would be in charge, taking the role of 'Queen V' upon its return. On 28 October 2014, ahead of the Series 9 premiere, Vicky announced that this series would be her last. The tenth series of the show began airing on 7 April 2015 and concluded on 26 May 2015, consisting of eight episodes. The series of the show was also confirmed on 1 November 2014 when it was revealed by Gary Beadle that filming", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3251383", "chunk_text": "\"Freddie Roscoe\"\nnearly being murdered by Lindsey, his on/off relationships with Marnie (Lysette Anthony) and Ellie Nightingale (Sophie Porley), having a daughter named Lexi Roscoe with Lindsey and allowing Joe and Mercedes to adopt Lexi. Clapham has proved popular with some critics and the public that he has been nominated for \"\"Sexiest Male\"\", \"\"Best Actor\"\" and more. It was announced that Clapham would be leaving the role of Freddie when the credits at the end of the episode read \"\"Goodbye Freddie Roscoe\"\". He made his final appearance on 24 April 2017, making him the last Roscoe to leave the series. Freddie arrives", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2203413", "chunk_text": "\"Geordie Shore\"\nconfirmed by cast member Gaz on Twitter. However, Charlotte was absent from the beginning of filming and joined the remaining cast on 7 April. The series featured a one off return of former cast member Jay Gardner. During the series, Charlotte entered the \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\" house to compete in the twelfth series of the show and eventually won on 14 September 2013. The seventh series of the show began airing on 17 September 2013 and concluded on 22 October 2013, consisting of six episodes. Shooting was suspended when Holly and Vicky were both arrested on a night out for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2203410", "chunk_text": "\"Geordie Shore\"\nbroke his leg, and more bickering and flirting between Gaz and Charlotte. The fourth series of the show began airing on 6 November 2012 and concluded on 18 December 2012, consisting of eight episodes. For the first time this series there was no special episodes counting down the best bits. This was the first series to feature new cast members Daniel Thomas-Tuck and Scott Timlin. The series included Vicky and Ricci's ongoing arguments continuing to the point of the engagement being temporarily called off, James leaving Holly distraught by the announcement of him having a girlfriend, and a huge bust-up", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10693975", "chunk_text": "\"Jean Slater\"\nhad been contacting Jean. The BBC announced that Wright would return in late January 2016, appearing in episodes on 19 January and 21 January. Jean returned for one episode in April 2016. Despite it being Stacey's wedding in May 2016, she did not appear, which Laura-Jayne Tyler of \"\"Inside Soap\"\" said she \"\"couldn't believe\"\" as Jean would normally \"\"turn out for the opening of a gas bill.\"\" Jean returned for another guest appearance on 14 April 2017. In July 2017, Wright said she enjoyed her frequent guest appearances, calling herself \"\"lucky\"\" for having that opportunity. She also revealed that she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15089458", "chunk_text": "\"Geordie Shore (series 12)\"\nGeordie Shore (series 12) The twelfth series of Geordie Shore, a British television programme based in Newcastle upon Tyne was confirmed on 23 May 2015 when it was confirmed that MTV had renewed the series for a further three series taking it up to the thirteenth series. The series was filmed in October and November 2015 and began airing on 15 March 2016. This was the first series not to include Kyle Christie since he made his exit during the previous series, and was the first to feature new cast members Chantelle Connelly and Marty McKenna, who had previously appeared", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1459097", "chunk_text": "\"Geordie Shore\"\nJay and Vicky's rocky relationship. In June 2011, two summer specials based in Magaluf were announced. These episodes aired from 23 August 2011 to 30 August 2011. This was the only series to feature Greg Lake. The second series of the show began airing on 31 January 2012 and concluded on 20 March 2012, consisting of eight episodes. Like the first series, this series included a reunion special and a \"\"Best Bits\"\" special episode. The series was confirmed on 15 August 2011 when \"\"Geordie Shore\"\" was recommissioned for a second series with an extended eight-episode run. After the Magaluf specials,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10942163", "chunk_text": "\"Alfie Moon\"\nIn March 2018, it was announced that Alfie would return to the show. He appeared on-screen on 24 and 25 May 2018 and returned again on 15 November 2018. Alfie is ejected from Walford East tube station for fare evasion, and causes havoc in the market by getting a refund from Winston (Ulric Browne) for a video he stole and tricking Martin Fowler (James Alexandrou) into giving him free fruit. After acquainting himself with a few residents, he sneaks into The Queen Victoria public house and helps himself to a drink behind the bar. The landlady, Peggy Mitchell (Barbara Windsor),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12513642", "chunk_text": "\"Gemma Collins\"\nIn 2017, she returned to \"\"Big Brother 18\"\", as a special guest for a shopping task alongside fellow celebrity ex cast members Marnie Simpson from Geordie Shore and Nicola McLean. In 2016, Collins stood in for Natalie Anderson presenting a fashion segment on ITV's \"\"This Morning Summer\"\". In 2018, she appeared on \"\"Celebrity 100% Hotter\"\". Collins also starred in the fourth series of \"\"Celebs Go Dating\"\". The same year, Collins also starred in her own reality television show, \"\"Gemma Collins: Diva Espana\"\". The one-off special aired on 29 August 2018. Collins also took part in \"\"Celebrity MasterChef\"\". In 2019, Collins", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8335493", "chunk_text": "\"Essie Harrison\"\nannounced before transmission and Sasha Morris of \"\"Daily Star\"\" reported that Essie had left the show, although Wragg confirmed on Twitter that it would just be a break, telling fans that Essie's story is \"\"not quite over\"\". The following month, she confirmed that she had taken a three month break from the show, and that Essie would return on-screen in either July or August 2018. Essie returned in the episode \"\"Into The Light\"\" which aired on 11 July 2018 when she was admitted to Holby as a patient and was found to have ovarian cancer although Essie chose to undergo", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6473067", "chunk_text": "\"Tanya Franks\"\nJanuary 2018 that Franks would make a guest appearance the following day and return permanently later in the year. Franks made her full time return on 24 April 2018. In 2008, Franks starred as Sandra Farrell in the BBC Two mocumentary \"\"The Cup\"\". In 2009, Franks appeared in an episode of the E4 teen drama \"\"Skins\"\". In 2010, she appeared in an episode of the BBC1 time-travelling drama \"\"Ashes to Ashes\"\". From September 2010 to August 2011, Franks starred as a series regular in the CBBC comedy serial \"\"Hotel Trubble\"\". Franks also appears in Episode 7, Series 9 of \"\"New", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8411655", "chunk_text": "\"Zoe Hanna\"\nleave the series indefinitely, but producers asked that she did not announce her departure in order to surprise viewers. After over 9 years on-screen, Zoe departed the series in the series 30 episode \"\"Hello, I Must Be Going\"\", broadcast on 7 May 2016. It was confirmed in September 2017 that Zoe would return for a single episode. She appeared in the nineteenth episode of series 32, broadcast on 13 January 2018. Zoe was described as a \"\"maverick rebel-with-a-cause\"\" and a \"\"good doctor\"\" who \"\"knew what she was talking about\"\" by Sarker. Sarker had portrayed nurses in previous roles who were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18469419", "chunk_text": "\"Geordie Shore\"\nbegan airing on 22 July 2014 and concluded on 9 September 2014, consisting of eight episodes. The series was confirmed on 22 October 2013 when Holly indicated that Series 7 was not the last and that another series would be filmed. Filming began for the series on 25 March 2014, and featured two new cast members, Aaron Chalmers and Kyle Christie. During the series, Ricci entered the \"\"Celebrity Big Brother\"\" house to participate in the fourteenth series. He followed in the footsteps of fellow cast member Charlotte who won the series in 2013. However he was evicted in a double", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4477711", "chunk_text": "\"Stuart McElroy\"\nfind evidence to convince everyone that Stuart was the one who caused her injuries. Stuart is subsequently arrested, and makes his final appearance in series ten, episode 18, \"\"The Extra Mile\"\". Stuart then tries to make amends with Chrissie by sending her a compensation cheque for twenty-five-thousand pounds. A writer from the \"\"Daily Record\"\" included the episode in which Stuart attacked Chrissie in their \"\"pick of the day\"\" feature. They said it had \"\"devastating consequences\"\" and branded it a \"\"disastrous turn of events\"\". A \"\"Daily Star\"\" writer also named the episode in their \"\"pick of the day\"\". They branded Stuart", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11956764", "chunk_text": "\"Freddie Roscoe\"\noff. Joe and Mercedes later adopt Kimberley, later named Lexi. Freddie later begins a relationship with Ellie, however has sex with Marnie Nightingale (Lysette Anthony), who is later revealed to be Ellie's mother. Freddie worries that Marnie will expose their one-night stand, but they eventually have sex for a second time and begin an affair. After Marnie is cruel to Jade Albright (Kassius Nelson), Jade prints off a photograph she withholds of Freddie and Marnie kissing, and sends it to Ellie. However, Ellie spills a drink on the envelope, and Marnie's face on the photograph becomes smudged. This results in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12094461", "chunk_text": "\"Ex on the Beach (series 8)\"\nEx on the Beach (series 8) The eighth series of \"\"Ex on the Beach\"\", a British television programme is expected to begin on 20 March 2018. The series was confirmed in August 2017. The cast members for this series were confirmed on 20 February 2018, and includes \"\"Geordie Shore\"\" star Marnie Simpson as well as \"\"The X Factor\"\" contestant, and Stereo Kicks and Union J singer Casey Johnson. The official list of cast members were released on 20 February 2018. They include four boys; Marcel Stevens, Sam Lonsdale, Tom Litten and Zach Tull, and four girls: Charlotte Hughes, Katie Champ,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4046762", "chunk_text": "\"Ex on the Beach (series 8)\"\nEx on the Beach (series 8) The eighth series of \"\"Ex on the Beach\"\", a British television programme is expected to begin on 20 March 2018. The series was confirmed in August 2017. The cast members for this series were confirmed on 20 February 2018, and includes \"\"Geordie Shore\"\" star Marnie Simpson as well as \"\"The X Factor\"\" contestant, and Stereo Kicks and Union J singer Casey Johnson. The official list of cast members were released on 20 February 2018. They include four boys; Marcel Stevens, Sam Lonsdale, Tom Litten and Zach Tull, and four girls: Charlotte Hughes, Katie Champ,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1041317", "chunk_text": "\"Geordie Shore (series 7)\"\nGeordie Shore (series 7) The seventh series of Geordie Shore, a British television programme based in Newcastle upon Tyne, was announced on 5 July 2013 after cast members Holly Hagan and Vicky Pattison had been arrested for assault on a night out during filming. The series began on 17 September 2013, just three weeks after Series 6 had concluded, and finished airing on 22 October 2013 after six episodes. This series had a shorter run that usual due to filming being postponed after the night of the assault. It was reported that filming for the series began on 26 June", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15575869", "chunk_text": "\"Marj Brasch\"\ngot on the studio floor Marj popped straight back out. It was instant.\"\" McRae enjoyed returning to the character of Marj saying; \"\"They are very well written scenes. They did me proud.\"\" She made her single episode reappearance on 25 May 2012. McRae reprised her role for the 25th anniversary in May 2017, for a storyline that saw Marj die. McRae described the scenes as \"\"surreal\"\". Working behind the front desk at Shortland Street clinic, Marj and her husband Tom (Adrian Keeling) were horrified when their teenage son Stuart (Martin Henderson) claimed that he was the father of a baby", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11185024", "chunk_text": "\"Geordie Shore (series 4)\"\nGeordie Shore (series 4) The fourth series of Geordie Shore, a British television programme based in Newcastle upon Tyne, began airing on 6 November 2012 on MTV. The series concluded on 18 December 2012 with a double bill after 8 episodes, the series ended on a double bill to avoid the final episode airing on Christmas Day. This was the first series to feature Daniel Thomas-Tuck and Scott Timlin and is the highest rated series to date with 4 episodes receiving over 1,000,000 viewers. The series includes Vicky and Ricci's ongoing arguments continue to the point of the engagement being", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16186781", "chunk_text": "\"Stonefish Rebecchi\"\nas he and Moloney are fun to work with. Engelman also said that if he were to return again, he wanted more focus on getting to know his family, as he believed it would be fun getting the whole clan back together. The character returned again on 4 May 2016, and appeared in December, where he shows Toadie a photo of a woman he believes to be Dee. On 17 January 2018, it was announced that Engelman had reprised the role again, along with several other returning cast members, for a feature-length special episode, which will air on 12 February", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19169898", "chunk_text": "\"Rainie Cross\"\nand I'm excited to explore the next chapter in Rainie's journey.\"\" It was also revealed that Rainie would return for one episode later in January and would return for a full-time return later in the year. Rainie returned for one episode on 19 January 2018. Rainie returned in the episode broadcast on 24 April 2018. Franks said that after her stint in 2008, many people recognised her in the street and asked if she would return. Scenes showing Phil and Rainie taking the drug crack cocaine in 2010 prompted over 200 complaints from viewers who felt the scenes were inappropriate.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4361286", "chunk_text": "\"Holly Hagan\"\nHolly Hagan Holly Hagan is an English television personality from Thornaby-on-Tees. She starred on and is best known from the MTV series \"\"Geordie Shore\"\". She is the longest serving cast member of the series, having appeared in most episodes of the series to date. For three years when Hagan was a small child, she and her parents lived in a council house in Grove Hill, a housing estate in Middlesbrough. She was enrolled by her mother in a private nursery. When Hagan was three years old, the council house in which she lived was burgled during the night. Sometime later,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6086054", "chunk_text": "\"Just Tattoo of Us\"\nseries began airing on 21 May 2018 and concluded on 23 July 2018. It also marked the first series to broadcast the episodes in non-chronological order. It was confirmed that Just Tattoo of Us would return for a fourth series at the end of 2018. It was also confirmed that Charlotte Crosby would present alongside special guest presenters due to Scotty T quitting the show to rejoin Geordie Shore. The guest presenters will include Josh Ritchie, Aaron Chalmers, Chloe Ferry, Nathan Henry, Lateysha Grace, Joey Essex and Just Tattoo of Us very own Charl Davies. The fourth series began airing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3251304", "chunk_text": "\"Geordie Shore (series 2)\"\nenough of seeing Gaz with other girls, and the beginning of Holly and James. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Geordie Shore (series 2) The second series of Geordie Shore, a British television programme based in Newcastle upon Tyne, began airing on 31 January 2012 on MTV. The series concluded on 3 April 2012 after 8 episodes and 2 specials including a reunion show presented by Russell Kane and an episode counting down the best bits of the series. This was the first series to feature Rebecca Walker and Ricci Guarnaccio. The series featured Sophie and Joel's rocky relationship coming to an end, Vicky", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10836540", "chunk_text": "\"Tony Hutchinson\"\nWarren catches Darren, Maxine and Tony, they have been set up. In October 2016, Cindy is employed as pot washer at Nightingales and they both find themselves controlled by Marnie. He is later shocked but delighted as Cindy's sister, Jude Cunningham (Davinia Taylor) returns to the village as a property developer, with a plan to build luxurious flats in the village, unaware it is a scam. In 2018, Tony begins to struggle when his daughter Dee Dee is diagnosed with autoimmune encephalitis. Unable to accept this, he leaves the village without informed to Diane. Two months later, it reveal that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_334	who played in the first fifty shades of grey?	n/a	[ "Marcia Gay Harden", "Jamie Dornan", "Dakota Johnson", "Jennifer Ehle" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12618557", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades (film series)\"\nJames' husband, Niall Leonard, would write the script for the sequel. Leonard also went on to write the script for the third film. The casting for the lead roles was considered controversial. Many contenders considered for the film included Ryan Gosling, Garrett Hedlund, Theo James, Alexander Skarsgård, François Arnaud, Charlie Hunnam, Scott Eastwood, Luke Bracey, and Billy Magnussen as Christian Grey. Alicia Vikander, Imogen Poots, Elizabeth Olsen, Shailene Woodley, and Felicity Jones were all considered for the role of Anastasia Steele. On September 2, 2013, Dakota Johnson and Charlie Hunnam were cast as Anastasia Steele and Christian Grey respectively. As", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15152751", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades (film series)\"\nFifty Shades (film series) Fifty Shades is an American film series that consists of three erotic romantic drama films, based on the \"\"Fifty Shades\"\" trilogy by English author E. L. James. It is distributed by Universal Studios and stars Dakota Johnson and Jamie Dornan as the lead roles Anastasia Steele and Christian Grey, respectively. Sam Taylor-Johnson directed the first film and initially she was slated to be the director of the sequels as well, however subsequently the second and third films were directed by James Foley. The first film, \"\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\", was released on February 13, 2015, while", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12748009", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades (novel series)\"\nthe rights to the trilogy in March 2012. Universal is also the film's distributor. Charlie Hunnam was originally cast in the role of Christian Grey alongside Dakota Johnson in the role of Anastasia Steele, but Hunnam gave up the part in October 2013, with Jamie Dornan announced for the role on 23 October. The film was released on 13 February 2015, and became an immediate success, making it to #1 at the box office with $558.5 million. However, critical reactions were generally negative. After the first film premiered at a special fan screening in New York City on 6 February", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12917127", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\nFifty Shades of Grey (film) Fifty Shades of Grey is a 2015 American erotic romantic drama film directed by Sam Taylor-Johnson, with a screenplay by Kelly Marcel. The film is based on E. L. James’ 2011 novel of the same name and stars Dakota Johnson as Anastasia Steele, a college graduate who begins a sadomasochistic relationship with young business magnate Christian Grey, played by Jamie Dornan. The film premiered at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival on February 11, 2015 and was released on February 13, 2015, by Universal Pictures and Focus Features. Despite receiving generally negative reviews, it was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6956348", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades Darker (film)\"\nFifty Shades Darker (film) Fifty Shades Darker is a 2017 American erotic romantic drama film directed by James Foley and written by Niall Leonard, based on E. L. James's 2012 novel of the same name. The second film in the \"\"Fifty Shades\"\" film series and the sequel to the 2015 film \"\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\", it stars Dakota Johnson and Jamie Dornan as Anastasia Steele and Christian Grey, respectively, with Eric Johnson, Eloise Mumford, Bella Heathcote, Rita Ora, Luke Grimes, Victor Rasuk, Kim Basinger, and Marcia Gay Harden in supporting roles. Principal photography on \"\"Fifty Shades Darker\"\" and its sequel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9269262", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades (film series)\"\nreplacement for Christian Grey. In October 2013, Jennifer Ehle was cast as Carla Wilks. On October 31, 2013, Victor Rasuk was cast as José Rodriguez, Jr. On November 22, 2013, Eloise Mumford was cast as Kate Kavanagh. On December 2, 2013, singer Rita Ora was cast as Christian's younger sister Mia. On December 3, 2013, Marcia Gay Harden was cast as Christian's mother, Grace. On January 28, 2016, Kim Basinger joined the film to play the role of Elena Lincoln in the sequels, Grey's business partner and former lover, while Luke Grimes, Eloise Mumford and Max Martini would be returning", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15152763", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades (film series)\"\nfilms) and \"\"Alien\"\" ($1.328 billion not counting the PG-13 \"\"Alien vs. Predator\"\"). Fifty Shades (film series) Fifty Shades is an American film series that consists of three erotic romantic drama films, based on the \"\"Fifty Shades\"\" trilogy by English author E. L. James. It is distributed by Universal Studios and stars Dakota Johnson and Jamie Dornan as the lead roles Anastasia Steele and Christian Grey, respectively. Sam Taylor-Johnson directed the first film and initially she was slated to be the director of the sequels as well, however subsequently the second and third films were directed by James Foley. The first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1208403", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\nto lampoon.\"\" Fifty Shades of Grey (film) Fifty Shades of Grey is a 2015 American erotic romantic drama film directed by Sam Taylor-Johnson, with a screenplay by Kelly Marcel. The film is based on E. L. James’ 2011 novel of the same name and stars Dakota Johnson as Anastasia Steele, a college graduate who begins a sadomasochistic relationship with young business magnate Christian Grey, played by Jamie Dornan. The film premiered at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival on February 11, 2015 and was released on February 13, 2015, by Universal Pictures and Focus Features. Despite receiving generally negative reviews,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16087163", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\nJames' first choice for the role of Christian Grey, but James felt that casting Pattinson and his \"\"Twilight\"\" co-star Kristen Stewart in the film would be \"\"weird\"\". Ian Somerhalder and Chace Crawford both expressed interest in the role of Christian. Somerhalder later admitted if he had been considered, the filming process would ultimately have conflicted with his shooting schedule for The CW's series \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\". On September 2, 2013, James revealed that Charlie Hunnam and Dakota Johnson had been cast as Christian Grey and Anastasia Steele, respectively. The short list of other actresses considered for the role of Anastasia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16087164", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\nincluded Alicia Vikander, Imogen Poots, Elizabeth Olsen, Shailene Woodley, and Felicity Jones. Keeley Hazell auditioned for an unspecified role. Lucy Hale also auditioned for the film. Emilia Clarke was also offered the role of Anastasia but turned down the part because of the nudity required. Taylor-Johnson would give every actress who auditioned for the role of Anastasia four pages to read of a monologue from Ingmar Bergman's \"\"Persona\"\". The studio originally wanted Ryan Gosling for Christian, but he was not interested in the role. Garrett Hedlund was also considered, but he could not connect with the character. Stephen Amell said", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10512878", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\nwarnings regarding their content\"\". In February 2015, the Malaysian Home Ministry banned the \"\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\" books shortly after banning its film adaptation after permitting them for three years in local bookstores, citing morality-related reasons. A film adaptation of the book was produced by Focus Features, Michael De Luca Productions, and Trigger Street Productions, with Universal Pictures and Focus Features securing the rights to the trilogy in March 2012. Universal is also the film's distributor. Charlie Hunnam was originally cast in the role of Christian Grey alongside Dakota Johnson in the role of Anastasia Steele, but Hunnam gave up", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6568284", "chunk_text": "\"Dakota Johnson\"\nDakota Johnson Dakota Mayi Johnson (born October 4, 1989) is an American actress and model. She is best known for her starring role as Anastasia Steele in the \"\"Fifty Shades\"\" film series (2015–18). For her performances in the series, she received the People's Choice Award for Favorite Dramatic Movie Actress and a BAFTA Rising Star Award nomination, among others. Johnson made her acting debut in the film \"\"Crazy in Alabama\"\" (1999). She held supporting roles in the films \"\"The Social Network\"\" (2010), \"\"Beastly\"\" (2011), \"\"21 Jump Street\"\" (2012), \"\"The Five-Year Engagement\"\" (2012), and \"\"Need for Speed\"\" (2014). Following her \"\"Fifty", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1208362", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\nit is most likely due to something on that list. Keep that in mind while hating and keep perspective.\"\" During October 2013, actress Jennifer Ehle was in talks for the role of Anastasia's mother Carla. On October 12, 2013, Universal Pictures announced that Hunnam had exited the film due to conflicts with the schedule of his FX series \"\"Sons of Anarchy\"\". Alexander Skarsgård, Jamie Dornan, Theo James, François Arnaud, Scott Eastwood, Luke Bracey, and Billy Magnussen were at the top of the list to replace Hunnam as Christian Grey. Finally, on October 23, 2013, Dornan was cast as Christian Grey.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10512845", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\nFifty Shades of Grey Fifty Shades of Grey is a 2011 erotic romance novel by British author E. L. James. It is the first instalment in the \"\"Fifty Shades\"\" trilogy that traces the deepening relationship between a college graduate, Anastasia Steele, and a young business magnate, Christian Grey. It is notable for its explicitly erotic scenes featuring elements of sexual practices involving bondage/discipline, dominance/submission, and sadism/masochism (BDSM). Originally self-published as an ebook and a print-on-demand, publishing rights were acquired by Vintage Books in March 2012. \"\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\" has topped best-seller lists around the world, selling over 125 million", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6956360", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades Darker (film)\"\nto produce, along with E. L. James. Dakota Johnson and Jamie Dornan were confirmed to return for the sequels. On January 28, 2016, Kim Basinger joined the film, to play Elena Lincoln, Grey's business partner and former dominant, while Luke Grimes, Eloise Mumford and Max Martini were set to reprise their characters from the first film. On February 5, Bella Heathcote was cast as Leila, one of Grey's former submissives. In the same month, Eric Johnson was cast to play Jack Hyde. On February 18, Robinne Lee and Fay Masterson joined the film's cast. On February 26, Tyler Hoechlin was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5566470", "chunk_text": "\"Jamie Dornan\"\nJamie Dornan James Dornan (born 1 May 1982) is an actor, model, and musician from Northern Ireland. He played Sheriff Graham Humbert in the ABC series \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\" (2011–2013), and serial killer Paul Spector in the BBC Two and RTÉ One crime drama series \"\"The Fall\"\" (2013–2016), the latter of which won him an Irish Film and Television Award for Best Actor in Television and was nominated for a British Academy Television Award for Best Actor . In film, he portrayed Axel von Fersen in Sofia Coppola's \"\"Marie Antoinette\"\" (2006), Christian Grey in the \"\"Fifty Shades\"\" franchise (2015–2018),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6956372", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades Darker (film)\"\nagain, the story involves the on-and-off, tie-her-up, tie-her-down romance between Anastasia Steele (Ms. Johnson) and her billionaire boyfriend, Christian Grey (Jamie Dornan), a guy with sculptured muscles, expensive playthings and dreary issues. Stuff and kink happens: A gun is fired, a would-be rapist is punished and Anastasia is bound hand and foot. Mostly, she advances and retreats (repeat), mewls and moans, and registers surprise each time Christian tries to dominate her outside the bedroom, evincing the kind of stalkerlike behavior that usually leads to restraining orders. Richard Brody of \"\"The New Yorker\"\" described the film as inferior to the first,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20372351", "chunk_text": "\"Eloise Mumford\"\nin the Blumhouse Productions feature \"\"Not Safe For Work\"\" for Universal Pictures. and was the female lead in the indy \"\"Drones\"\" alongside Matt O'Leary, directed by Rick Rosenthal. In February 2012, Mumford was cast to play the female lead in an ABC drama pilot titled \"\"Reckless\"\". She played Anastasia Steele's roommate, Kate Kavanagh, in the \"\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\" film (2015), and reprised the role in the sequels \"\"Fifty Shades Darker\"\" and \"\"Fifty Shades Freed\"\". Eloise Mumford Eloise Mumford (born September 24, 1986) is an American actress known for her roles on the television series \"\"Lone Star\"\", \"\"The River\"\", and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1364600", "chunk_text": "\"Dakota Johnson\"\n2010, she was in a relationship with Noah Gersh, a musician in a band called <nowiki>\"\"</nowiki>HoneyChild<nowiki>\"\"</nowiki> before starting a relationship with Jordan Masterson. In July 2014, she started dating Welsh \"\"Drowner\"\"s-frontman Matthew Hitt. The couple had an on-and-off relationship until June 2016.Johnson started dating Coldplay frontman Chris Martin in October 2017. Dakota Johnson Dakota Mayi Johnson (born October 4, 1989) is an American actress and model. She is best known for her starring role as Anastasia Steele in the \"\"Fifty Shades\"\" film series (2015–18). For her performances in the series, she received the People's Choice Award for Favorite Dramatic Movie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9400385", "chunk_text": "\"Bella Heathcote\"\nBella Heathcote Isabella Heathcote (born 27 May 1987) is an Australian actress. She began her acting career in 2008. The following year, she had a recurring role as Amanda Fowler on the television soap opera \"\"Neighbours\"\". Heathcote has since portrayed governess Victoria Winters in Tim Burton's film adaptation of \"\"Dark Shadows\"\", Jane Bennett in \"\"Pride and Prejudice and Zombies\"\", model Gigi in \"\"The Neon Demon\"\", Nicole Dörmer in the dystopian alternate history thriller series \"\"The Man in the High Castle\"\", Leila Williams, a deranged ex-lover of Christian Grey, in \"\"Fifty Shades Darker\"\" and Olive Byrne in \"\"Professor Marston and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12917142", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\nOn October 31, 2013, Victor Rasuk was cast as José Rodriguez, Jr. On November 22, 2013, Eloise Mumford was cast as Kate Kavanagh. On December 2, 2013, singer Rita Ora was cast as Christian's younger sister Mia. Ora originally wanted to work on the soundtrack. On December 3, 2013, Marcia Gay Harden was cast as Christian's mother, Grace. In September, filming was scheduled to start on November 5, 2013, in Vancouver, British Columbia. The following month, producer Michael De Luca announced filming would begin on November 13, 2013. Principal photography was again delayed and eventually started on December 1, 2013.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1208402", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\nof the film, \"\"Fifty Shades of Black\"\", was released on January 29, 2016, in North America. Marlon Wayans and Rick Alvarez wrote the script, in which Wayans stars as Christian Black. The film was distributed by SquareOne Entertainment in Germany and Open Road Films in the United States; IM Global produce and finance it, as well as handling international releases. Kali Hawk parodied the role of Anastasia Steele, with supporting cast including Affion Crockett, Mike Epps, Jane Seymour, and Fred Willard. It was released theatrically on January 29, 2016 and described as less funny \"\"than the unintentionally-funny film it's trying", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10266432", "chunk_text": "\"Jennifer Ehle\"\nBlacklist\"\". She played Anastasia Steele's mother in the 2015 \"\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\" film, and also appeared in \"\"\"\". Ehle married writer Michael Ryan on November 29, 2001, and they have two children. Jennifer Ehle Jennifer Anne Ehle (; born December 29, 1969) is an American actress. She won the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress for her role as Elizabeth Bennet in the 1995 BBC miniseries \"\"Pride and Prejudice\"\". For her work on Broadway, she won the 2000 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for \"\"The Real Thing\"\", and the 2007 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8916054", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades\"\nFifty Shades Fifty Shades is an adult erotic BDSM romance franchise created by E. L. James; originating as a fanfic about the young-adult genre \"\"Twilight\"\" teen romance novel series by Stephenie Meyer. It has produced a novel series, with an original novel trilogy and two follow-up novels, as well as a film trilogy. Anastasia Steele, a young college graduate meets Christian Grey, a young business mogul, and becomes his submissive partner. The series explores the development of their relationship. The \"\"Fifty Shades\"\" novel trilogy (Fifty Shades of Grey, Fifty Shades Darker, Fifty Shades Freed) was originally written as a fan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12618560", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades (film series)\"\nfor the sequels. On February 5, Bella Heathcote was cast as Leila, one of Grey's former submissives. In the same month, Eric Johnson was cast to play Jack Hyde, Ana's boss at SIP. On February 18, 2016, Robinne Lee and Fay Masterson joined the film's cast. On February 20, Brant Daugherty signed on to play Luke Sawyer, the personal bodyguard for Anastasia in the third film. For \"\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\", principal photography was filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, which began on December 1, 2013. Scenes were filmed in the Gastown district of Vancouver. Bentall 5 was used as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20372349", "chunk_text": "\"Eloise Mumford\"\nEloise Mumford Eloise Mumford (born September 24, 1986) is an American actress known for her roles on the television series \"\"Lone Star\"\", \"\"The River\"\", and the \"\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\" film series. Mumford, the middle child of parents Tom Mumford and Nancy Smith, was born and raised in Olympia, Washington, where she was home-schooled through fifth grade. She later attended the Annie Wright School in Tacoma, Washington, and Capital High School in Olympia. She has an older sister, Anna, and a younger brother, Kai. Mumford, inspired at age seven by a local production of \"\"South Pacific\"\", performed in high-school plays", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12917146", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\nJanuary 25, 2014, more than a year prior to release, Universal displayed posters with the phrase, \"\"Mr. Grey will see you now\"\", in five locations across the United States. On February 14, 2014, the first photograph of Johnson as Anastasia was released. On June 18, 2014, the film's official Twitter account released the first still of Dornan as Christian in honor of Christian's birthday. On July 9, 2014, the book's author, E. L. James, said on Twitter that the film's trailer would be released on July 24, 2014. Beyoncé debuted a teaser for the trailer on her Instagram account five", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6932675", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades Freed (film)\"\nFifty Shades Freed (film) Fifty Shades Freed is a 2018 American erotic romantic drama film directed by James Foley and written by Niall Leonard, and based on E. L. James's 2012 novel of the same name. It is the third and final installment in the \"\"Fifty Shades\"\" film series, following \"\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\" (2015) and \"\"Fifty Shades Darker\"\" (2017). The film stars Dakota Johnson and Jamie Dornan as Anastasia Steele and Christian Grey, respectively, and follows the couple as they marry, and must deal with Ana's former boss (Eric Johnson), who begins to stalk them. Principal photography on \"\"Fifty", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17659334", "chunk_text": "\"Luke Grimes\"\nshow's sixth season. Grimes played United States Navy SEAL Marc Lee, who was killed in action in 2006, in \"\"American Sniper\"\" (2014). He played Christian Grey's brother, Elliot, in the film \"\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\" (2015), and its sequels, \"\"Fifty Shades Darker\"\" (2017) and \"\"Fifty Shades Freed\"\" (2018). Grimes played Todd Belkin in \"\"Freeheld\"\" opposite Julianne Moore, Steve Carell, Ellen Page and Michael Shannon. Peter Sollett directed this independent feature film, which is based on a true story. Luke Grimes Luke Timothy Grimes (born January 21, 1984) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12618563", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades (film series)\"\ndespite his enigmatic reserve and advice, finds herself desperate to get close to him. Not able to resist Ana's beauty and independent spirit, Grey admits he wants her too, but in his own terms. Ana hesitates as she discovers the singular tastes of Grey – despite the embellishments of success – his multinational businesses, his vast wealth, his loving family – Grey is consumed by the need to control everything. As they get close, Steele starts to discover Grey's secrets and explores her own BDSM desires. Following the events of the first film, Anastasia Steele and Christian Grey resume their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12917134", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\nthe rights to the trilogy in March 2013. Author James sought to retain some control during the movie's creative process. James chose \"\"The Social Network\"\" producers Michael De Luca and Dana Brunetti to produce the film. Although \"\"American Psycho\"\" writer Bret Easton Ellis publicly expressed his desire to write the screenplay for \"\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\", Kelly Marcel, screenwriter of \"\"Saving Mr. Banks\"\", was hired for the job. Patrick Marber was brought in by Taylor-Wood to polish the screenplay, specifically to do some \"\"character work\"\". Universal hired Mark Bomback for script doctoring. Mark Bridges served as the costume designer. \"\"Entertainment", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15400170", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades Darker\"\nnew project, and it was announced that Kim Basinger would play Elena Lincoln. Fifty Shades Darker Fifty Shades Darker is a 2012 erotic romance novel by British author E. L. James. It is the second installment in the \"\"Fifty Shades\"\" trilogy that traces the deepening relationship between a college graduate, Anastasia Steele, and a young business magnate, Christian Grey. The first and third volumes, \"\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\" and \"\"Fifty Shades Freed\"\", were published in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The novel is published by Vintage Books and reached No. 1 on the \"\"USA Today\"\" best seller list. Three days after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19515104", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades of Black\"\nFifty Shades of Black Fifty Shades of Black is a 2016 American comedy film directed by Michael Tiddes and starring Marlon Wayans, who also co-wrote and co-produced the film. The film is a parody of the 2015 erotic romantic drama film \"\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\", and was released theatrically on January 29, 2016. It grossed $22 million at the worldwide box office on a $5 million budget. It was also Florence Henderson's last film before her death on November 24, 2016, which was 10 months after the film was released. Christian Black introduces shy college student Hannah Steale to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12618558", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades (film series)\"\na result, the displeasure of the casting from fans caused controversy. In response, Brunetti stated, \"\"There is a lot that goes into casting that isn't just looks. Talent, availability, their desire to do it, chemistry with other actor, etc. So if your favorite wasn't cast, then it is most likely due to something on that list. Keep that in mind while hating and keep perspective.\"\" On October 12, it was announced Hunnam had quit the role of Grey and the studio was in the process of searching for a new actor. On October 23, Jamie Dornan was cast as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16028257", "chunk_text": "\"Sam Taylor-Johnson\"\npoint, fondles his bottom.\"\" In September 2011, she collaborated with Solange Azagury-Partridge on the short film \"\"Daydream\"\". This was aired to support the launch of Azagury-Partridge's new jewellery collection, 24:7. Under the direction of Taylor-Johnson, Liberty Ross plays a beautiful woman in her bedroom, bejewelled by her lover, played by JJ Feild. The original music was composed by Oscar winner Atticus Ross, and the director of photography was BAFTA winner John Mathieson. Taylor-Johnson directed the film adaptation of E. L. James' best-selling erotic novel, \"\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\", made by Universal Pictures and Focus Features. She was chosen from a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16087165", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\nhe would not have wanted to play the role of Grey because \"\"I actually didn't find him to be that interesting ... nothing about Christian Grey really spoke to me.\"\" Hunnam initially turned down the role of Christian but later reconsidered it, following a meeting with studio heads. Hunnam said of the audition process: \"\"I felt really intrigued and excited about it so I went and read the first book to get a clearer idea of who this character was, and I felt even more excited at the prospect of bringing him to life. We [Taylor-Johnson and I] kind of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16291836", "chunk_text": "\"Kim Basinger\"\nIn 2016, she had a brief role, as a crooked high-ranking official in the United States Department of Justice, in the crime comedy \"\"The Nice Guys\"\", alongside Russell Crowe and Ryan Gosling. Basinger played Elena Lincoln, the business partner and former lover of Christian Grey, in the film adaptation of \"\"Fifty Shades Darker\"\" (2017), the sequel to \"\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\". Dakota Johnson, her co-star, described her as \"\"one of the great people to work with\"\". Despite negative reviews, the film made US$381.4 million globally. In 1979, Basinger met makeup artist Ron Snyder-Britton (born Ronald Snyder) on the film \"\"Hard", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3099686", "chunk_text": "\"Famke Janssen\"\nFamke Janssen Famke Beumer Janssen (; born ) is a Dutch actress, director, screenwriter and former fashion model. She played Xenia Onatopp in \"\"GoldenEye\"\" (1995), Jean Grey / Phoenix in the \"\"X-Men\"\" film series (2000–2014), Ava Moore on \"\"Nip/Tuck\"\", and Lenore Mills in the \"\"Taken\"\" film trilogy (2008–2014). In 2008, she was appointed a Goodwill Ambassador for Integrity by the United Nations. She made her directorial debut with \"\"Bringing Up Bobby\"\" in 2011. She is also known for her role in the Netflix original series \"\"Hemlock Grove\"\" and for her role in ABC's \"\"How To Get Away With Murder\"\". Janssen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12917128", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\nan immediate box office success, breaking numerous box office records and earning over $571 million worldwide. The film was the most awarded at the 36th Golden Raspberry Awards, winning five of six nominations, including Worst Picture (tied with \"\"Fantastic Four\"\") and both leading roles. In contrast, Ellie Goulding's single \"\"Love Me like You Do\"\" was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, while The Weeknd's single \"\"Earned It\"\" was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song. It is the first film in the \"\"Fifty Shades\"\" film series and was followed by two sequels, \"\"Fifty Shades", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16624848", "chunk_text": "\"Eric Johnson (actor)\"\nEric Johnson (actor) Eric Johann Johnson (born August 7, 1979) is a Canadian actor known for playing Flash Gordon on the eponymous 2007-2008 TV series, Whitney Fordman on the science-fiction TV series \"\"Smallville\"\", Detective Luke Callaghan on the police drama \"\"Rookie Blue\"\", and Jack Hyde in the \"\"Fifty Shades\"\" film series. Johnson began his career acting at age nine, when his parents enrolled him in Stage Polaris, a theater company in Edmonton. Johnson played the younger version of Brad Pitt's character in \"\"Legends of the Fall\"\". In Canada, Johnson was the lead in an award-winning film titled \"\"Scorn\"\". His breakout", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16087162", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\nWeekly\"\" estimated the film's budget as \"\"$40 million-or-so\"\". By May 9, 2013, the studio was considering Joe Wright to direct, but this proved unworkable due to Wright's schedule. Other directors who had been under consideration included Patty Jenkins, Bill Condon, Bennett Miller, and Steven Soderbergh. In June 2013, E. L. James announced Sam Taylor-Johnson would direct the film adaptation. Johnson was paid over $2 million for directing the film. \"\"9½ Weeks\"\", \"\"Last Tango in Paris\"\", and \"\"Blue Is the Warmest Colour\"\" were all cited by Taylor-Johnson as inspirations for the film. Bret Easton Ellis stated that Robert Pattinson had been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17684734", "chunk_text": "\"Kelly Marcel\"\nand Jeff Pinkner. Directed by Ruben Fleischer, the film stars Marcel's friend and frequent collaborator Tom Hardy in the title role. Kelly Marcel Kelly Marcel (born 10 January 1974) is a British writer, actress and television producer. She is best known for co-writing the film \"\"Saving Mr. Banks\"\" (2013) and writing the film \"\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\" (2015), and as the creator and executive producer of the television series \"\"Terra Nova.\"\" Marcel is the daughter of director Terry Marcel and actress Lindsey Brookand, and the older sister of actress Rosie Marcel. Marcel has played minor roles in television series such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9269265", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades (film series)\"\nIn November 2015, Universal Studios announced that both films would be shot back-to-back with principal photography scheduled to commence in early 2016. Filming began in Paris and Vancouver from February 9, 2016, to July 12, 2016, under the working title \"\"\"\"Further Adventures of Max and Banks 2 & 3\"\".\"\" Filming on \"\"Fifty Shades Darker\"\" concluded on April 11, 2016. When Anastasia \"\"Ana\"\" Steele, a literature student, goes to interview the wealthy Christian Grey, as a favor to her roommate Kate Kavanagh, she encounters a handsome, brilliant and intimidating man. The innocent and naive Ana, startled to realize she wants him,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17684727", "chunk_text": "\"Kelly Marcel\"\nKelly Marcel Kelly Marcel (born 10 January 1974) is a British writer, actress and television producer. She is best known for co-writing the film \"\"Saving Mr. Banks\"\" (2013) and writing the film \"\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\" (2015), and as the creator and executive producer of the television series \"\"Terra Nova.\"\" Marcel is the daughter of director Terry Marcel and actress Lindsey Brookand, and the older sister of actress Rosie Marcel. Marcel has played minor roles in television series such as \"\"The Bill\"\", \"\"Holby City\"\", and \"\"Casualty\"\". She had a largely non-speaking role as Young Vera in the 1994 television film", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2577928", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\nthe release of \"\"Fifty Shades of Grey: A XXX Adaptation\"\", a pornographic film based on the novel, citing copyright and trademark infringement. Smash Pictures, the porn producer, later responded to the lawsuit with a counterclaim that \"\"much or all\"\" of the \"\"Fifty Shades\"\" material was placed in the public domain in its original \"\"Twilight\"\"-based form, but later capitulated and stopped production of their film. Stage productions include: Fifty Shades of Grey Fifty Shades of Grey is a 2011 erotic romance novel by British author E. L. James. It is the first instalment in the \"\"Fifty Shades\"\" trilogy that traces the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18516487", "chunk_text": "\"Grey: Fifty Shades of Grey as Told by Christian\"\nGrey: Fifty Shades of Grey as Told by Christian Grey: Fifty Shades of Grey As Told by Christian, also referred to as Grey, is a 2015 erotic romance by British author E. L. James. It is the fourth installment in the \"\"Fifty Shades\"\" series, which had its start as fanfiction. The novel was released on 18 June 2015 to coincide with the birth date of the character Christian Grey. The work's first printing run consisted of 1.25 million copies. Christian Grey, a successful and rich 27-year-old businessman, meets 21-year-old university student Anastasia \"\"Ana\"\" Steele when she interviews him on behalf", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10512879", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\nthe part in October 2013, with Jamie Dornan announced for the role on 23 October. The film was released on 13 February 2015, and although popular at the box office, critical reactions were mixed to negative. E. L. James announced the film's soundtrack would be released on 10 February 2015. Prior to the soundtrack's release, the first single, \"\"Earned It\"\", by The Weeknd, was released on 24 December 2014. On 7 January 2015, the second single, \"\"Love Me like You Do\"\" by Ellie Goulding was released. Australian singer Sia released the soundtrack's third single, \"\"Salted Wound\"\", on 27 January 2015.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3099697", "chunk_text": "\"Famke Janssen\"\nsexist towards older women. She said “Women, it’s interesting because they’re replaced, and the older versions are never to be seen again... whereas the men are allowed to be both ages.” Famke Janssen Famke Beumer Janssen (; born ) is a Dutch actress, director, screenwriter and former fashion model. She played Xenia Onatopp in \"\"GoldenEye\"\" (1995), Jean Grey / Phoenix in the \"\"X-Men\"\" film series (2000–2014), Ava Moore on \"\"Nip/Tuck\"\", and Lenore Mills in the \"\"Taken\"\" film trilogy (2008–2014). In 2008, she was appointed a Goodwill Ambassador for Integrity by the United Nations. She made her directorial debut with \"\"Bringing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12618564", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades (film series)\"\nrelationship under Ana's terms. However, their relationship is tested when Christian's past threatens the couple. Believing they've left behind the shadowy figures from the past, billionaire Christian Grey and his new wife, Anastasia, fully embrace their inextricable connection and shared life of luxury. Just as the Greys begin to step into their new roles, sinister events come to light and jeopardize their happy ending before it even begins. With a combined worldwide gross over $1.3 billion, the franchise is the fourth biggest R-rated franchise ever, behind only \"\"The Matrix\"\" ($1.6 billion over three films), \"\"The Hangover\"\" ($1.4 billion over three", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5397631", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades Darker\"\non 10 February 2017. The first still from the film was released on Friday, 24 April 2015, showing Jamie Dornan as Christian Grey in a black mask looking into a mirror. In April 2015, Universal Pictures chairman Donna Langley told \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\" that the second instalment will be \"\"more of a thriller\"\". In November 2015, Universal Studios announced that both films will be shot back-to-back with principal photography scheduled to commence in early 2016. Filming began in Canada on 9 February 2016 and continued through 12 July 2016. On 28 January 2016, producer Charolette McKinney broke ground on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_335	how many episodes in season 3 of good witch?	n/a	[ "10" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2375789", "chunk_text": "\"Good Witch (TV series)\"\naired on October 21, 2018. On July 26, 2018, the series was renewed for a fifth season. As with the previous seven TV movies, the series continues the spirited life of newly widowed Cassie Nightingale, the good-hearted enchantress of the fictional Middleton, United States, with her now-teenage daughter Grace. When new neighbors, the Radfords, move in next door, they become suspicious of Cassie and her daughter. The series is filmed in Toronto, Ontario primarily at Cinespace Film Studios' Kipling Avenue facility. As producer Orly Adelson was president of ITV Studios America in 2014, ITV agreed to become the franchise's TV", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12683669", "chunk_text": "\"Salem (season 3)\"\nSalem (season 3) The third season of \"\"Salem\"\", an American horror–drama television series on WGN America, premiered on November 2, 2016, and concluded on January 25, 2017, consisting of ten episodes. Created for television by Adam Simon and Brannon Braga, who write or co-write episodes of the show, the series is based on the Salem Witch Trials. It was executive produced by Braga, Coby Greenberg and David Von Ancken, with Braga and Simon assuming the role of showrunner. On January 25, 2017, Salem was canceled after three seasons. On July 11, 2015, WGN America renewed \"\"Salem\"\" for a 10-episode third", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12683670", "chunk_text": "\"Salem (season 3)\"\nseason which premiered on November 2, 2016. On April 5, 2016, it was revealed the show would premiere the week of Halloween, rather than the usual April premiere slot. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Salem (season 3) The third season of \"\"Salem\"\", an American horror–drama television series on WGN America, premiered on November 2, 2016, and concluded on January 25, 2017, consisting of ten episodes. Created for television by Adam Simon and Brannon Braga, who write or co-write episodes of the show, the series is based on the Salem Witch Trials. It was executive produced by Braga, Coby Greenberg and David Von Ancken, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2375788", "chunk_text": "\"Good Witch (TV series)\"\nGood Witch (TV series) Good Witch is an American / Canadian fantasy comedy-drama television series that is based on the made-for-TV movie series of the same name, produced by Whizbang Films in association with ITV Studios and the Hallmark Channel. Catherine Bell, who played Cassie Nightingale, the \"\"Good Witch\"\" in the movie series, both co-produces and stars in the series. \"\"Good Witch\"\" premiered on February 28, 2015, and was consecutively renewed through a fourth season, which aired from April 29 to July 1, 2018. Immediately following the fourth season's finale, Hallmark aired a teaser for a two-hour Halloween special, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11964308", "chunk_text": "\"The Good Place\"\nas other residents of \"\"The Good Place\"\", together with D'Arcy Carden as Janet, an artificial being helping the inhabitants. \"\"The Good Place\"\" received positive reviews upon its debut and has since gained critical acclaim. It has been praised for its acting, writing, originality, setting, and tone. In addition, its first-season twist ending and its exploration and creative use of ethics and philosophy have been positively received. The 13-episode third season premiered on September 27, 2018. In December 2018, NBC renewed the series for a fourth season. After her death, Eleanor Shellstrop is welcomed to her afterlife in \"\"The Good Place\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6318207", "chunk_text": "\"The Good Witch\"\ntime period, propelling the channel to the #4 spot in weekly ranking. The \"\"Good Witch\"\" (Region 1) DVD was released on January 5, 2010. \"\"The Good Witch Collection\"\" (Region 1) DVD was released October 14, 2014. In addition to the original TV movie the Hallmark Channel has aired ten sequels. In February 2014, the Hallmark Channel announced that \"\"Good Witch\"\" had been green-lighted for a ten-episode series, starring Catherine Bell, to premiere on February 28, 2015. Production for the first season began on October 29, 2014, in Toronto, with Sue Tenney as showrunner. Bailee Madison and James Denton also star.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7036118", "chunk_text": "Shadowhunters\nthird season of 20 episodes, which premiered on March 20, 2018. In June 2018, Freeform canceled the series after three seasons, but ordered two extra episodes to properly conclude the series' story; the second half of the third season is set to premiere on February 25, 2019, with 12 episodes ordered. Clary Fray has just enrolled at Brooklyn Academy of Arts. On her eighteenth birthday, she learns that she is a Shadowhunter, a human born with angelic blood who protects humans from demons and rogue downworlders. That night, Clary's mother, Jocelyn, is abducted by a group of rogue Shadowhunters called", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17663442", "chunk_text": "\"The Good Witch's Gift\"\nThe Good Witch's Gift The Good Witch's Gift also known as The Good Witch's Wedding premiered on November 13, 2010 and is the third installment in the Hallmark Channel's series of \"\"The Good Witch\"\" telefilms, the first of which premiered on the Hallmark Channel on January 19, 2008. Cassie Nightingale has settled comfortably in Middleton with a successful boutique and is now engaged to Chief of Police Russell (Chris Potter). Having gifts for everyone else, finding one for Cassie proves to be a little more tricky for Jake. He sets his heart on letting Cassie wake up with a family", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1372069", "chunk_text": "\"The Good Place (season 3)\"\nThe Good Place (season 3) The third season of the fantasy comedy television series \"\"The Good Place\"\", created by Michael Schur, was renewed on November 21, 2017, on NBC, and began airing on September 27, 2018, in the United States. The season is produced by Fremulon, 3 Arts Entertainment, and Universal Television. The season will consist of thirteen episodes. The series focuses on Eleanor Shellstrop (Kristen Bell), a deceased young woman who wakes up in the afterlife and is sent by Michael (Ted Danson) to \"\"The Good Place\"\", a heaven-like utopia he designed, in reward for her righteous life. However,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1460525", "chunk_text": "\"The Vampire Diaries (season 3)\"\nThe Vampire Diaries (season 3) \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\", a one-hour American supernatural drama, was officially renewed for a third season by The CW on April 26, 2011, that aired from September 15, 2011, to May 10, 2012. The third season consisted of 22 episodes and focused on the story of Klaus' origin, his relation with his family and reveal more about the original family. The third season opened to generally positive reviews. The season takes a gap from the last season and begins with Elena Gilbert's 18th birthday with all series regulars returning with the exception of Sara Canning whose", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "537559", "chunk_text": "\"The Good Place (season 3)\"\n\"\"The Good Place\"\" remains a delightfully insightful bright spot on the television landscape.\"\" On Metacritic, the third season has a score of 96 out of 100, based on reviews from 5 critics, indicating \"\"universal acclaim\"\". The Good Place (season 3) The third season of the fantasy comedy television series \"\"The Good Place\"\", created by Michael Schur, was renewed on November 21, 2017, on NBC, and began airing on September 27, 2018, in the United States. The season is produced by Fremulon, 3 Arts Entertainment, and Universal Television. The season will consist of thirteen episodes. The series focuses on Eleanor Shellstrop", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20506066", "chunk_text": "\"The Good Fight\"\nroles. It is executive produced by Robert King, Michelle King, Ridley Scott, David W. Zucker, Liz Glotzer, Brooke Kennedy and Alison Scott, with Phil Alden Robinson producing and co-writing the first episode. A second 13-episode season premiered on March 4, 2018. On May 2, 2018, the series was renewed for a third season. A year after the finale of \"\"The Good Wife\"\", an enormous financial scam destroys the reputation of young lawyer Maia and wipes out the savings of her mentor, Diane Lockhart. The two are forced out of Lockhart, Deckler, Gussman, Lee, Lyman, Gilbert-Lurie, Kagan, Tannebaum, & Associates and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9746157", "chunk_text": "\"The Good Place\"\nrenewed the series for a 13-episode third season, which premiered on September 27, 2018. On December 4, 2018, NBC renewed the series for a fourth season. From the start of the series' second season in September 2017, Netflix distributed it to various international markets, with new episodes being released a few hours after their original American airing. The first season was released on DVD in region 1 on October 17, 2017. The second season was released on DVD on July 17, 2018. \"\"The Good Place\"\" has received positive reviews from television critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the first season has a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4547285", "chunk_text": "\"Reign (season 3)\"\nReign (season 3) The third season of \"\"Reign\"\", an American historical fantasy, consisted of 18 episodes which aired between October 9, 2015 and June 20, 2016. The series, created by Stephanie SenGupta and Laurie McCarthy, aired on The CW. On January 11, 2015, The CW renewed the series for a third season. At The CW's 2015-16 Upfront, it was announced that the series would be moving to a different night, airing on Fridays at 8/7c, instead of Thursdays at 9/8c. The latter half of the season, from episode 11 onward, returned on April 25 in a new Monday timeslot before", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19893203", "chunk_text": "\"The Good Witch's Gift\"\nhouse, and returns it to Jake. He decides to stay in Middleton to regain peoples' trust and his family decides to give him a second chance. Cassie wakes up the next morning with family. The film was originally to be titled \"\"\"\"The Good Witch's Wedding.\"\"\"\" The film was produced by Good Witch Weds Productions, Inc. \"\"The Good Witch\"\" premiered Jan. 19, 2008 with a 3.8 HH rating and nearly 3.2 million homes. The Good Witch's Gift The Good Witch's Gift also known as The Good Witch's Wedding premiered on November 13, 2010 and is the third installment in the Hallmark", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16975271", "chunk_text": "\"Ghost Whisperer (season 3)\"\nGhost Whisperer (season 3) The third season of \"\"Ghost Whisperer\"\", an American television series created by John Gray, commenced airing in the United States on September 28, 2007, concluded May 16, 2008, and was originally intended to consist of 22 episodes. However, due to the Writer's Strike it was shortened to 18 episodes. The series follows the life of Melinda Gordon (Jennifer Love Hewitt), who has the ability to see and communicate with ghosts. While trying to live as normal a life as possible—she is married and owns an antique store—Melinda helps earthbound spirits resolve their problems and cross over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20361511", "chunk_text": "\"The Good Wife (season 3)\"\ncritical acclaim. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports an approval rating of 95% based on 21 reviews. The website's consensus reads, \"\"Controversial topics make for controversial viewing, but thankfully \"\"The Good Wife\"\"s strong characters and storytelling are up to the task.\"\" The Good Wife (season 3) The third season of \"\"The Good Wife\"\" began airing on September 25, 2011 and concluded on April 29, 2012. The show moved from Tuesdays at 10:00 p.m. to Sundays at 9:00 p.m. The series focuses on Alicia Florrick (Margulies), whose husband Peter (Noth), the former Cook County, Illinois State's Attorney, has been jailed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20361510", "chunk_text": "\"The Good Wife (season 3)\"\nThe Good Wife (season 3) The third season of \"\"The Good Wife\"\" began airing on September 25, 2011 and concluded on April 29, 2012. The show moved from Tuesdays at 10:00 p.m. to Sundays at 9:00 p.m. The series focuses on Alicia Florrick (Margulies), whose husband Peter (Noth), the former Cook County, Illinois State's Attorney, has been jailed following a notorious political corruption and sex scandal. After having spent the previous thirteen years as a stay-at-home mother, Alicia returns to the workforce as a litigator to provide for her two children. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The third season of \"\"The Good Wife\"\" received", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "560069", "chunk_text": "\"BoJack Horseman (season 3)\"\nBoJack Horseman (season 3) The third season of the animated television series \"\"BoJack Horseman\"\" premiered on Netflix on July 22, 2016. The season consists of 12 episodes. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Rotten Tomatoes gives the third season an approval rating of 100%, based on 23 reviews, with an average rating of 9.2/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"\"Skillfully puncturing the idea of celebrity and our culture's bizarre obsession with it, \"\"BoJack Horseman\"\"s third season continues its streak as one of the funniest and most heartbreaking shows on television.\"\" On Metacritic, the season received a score of 89 out of 100, based on 12", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "175936", "chunk_text": "\"ER (season 3)\"\nER (season 3) The third season of the American fictional drama television series \"\"ER\"\" first aired on September 26, 1996 and concluded on May 15, 1997. The third season consists of 22 episodes. Early in Season Three, Susan Lewis leaves for Phoenix to live with her sister and niece. Before she leaves, Greene realizes his feelings for her and races against time to declare them. He makes it to Union Station just as she is boarding the train. He stops her and declares his love, begging her to stay. Susan leaves anyway, but not before kissing Mark and declaring, as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9458212", "chunk_text": "\"The Good Witch's Family\"\nunder different names. It aired in Spain as \"\"El hechizo de la dama gris\"\" (The spell of the Lady Grey), in Italy as \"\"Una nuova vita per Cassie\"\" (A new life for Cassie), and in France as \"\"Le jardin des merveilles\"\" and \"\"Un mariage féerique\"\". Though released in the United States on October 29, 2011, it aired on August 5 2011 in the United Kingdom and on October 16, 2011 in Spain. Following US airings, it aired in Italy in December 2011 and in Belgium in February 2012. \"\"The Oklahoman\"\" remarked that in her recurring role of Casandra Nightingale in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20789367", "chunk_text": "\"Supergirl (season 3)\"\nto a series regular from her recurring status in the previous season, and and new cast member Odette Annable. The season premiered on The CW on October 9, 2017, and ran until June 18, 2018, over 23 episodes. The series was renewed for a fourth season on April 2, 2018. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On January 8, 2017, The CW renewed \"\"Supergirl\"\" for a third season. Series co-creator Allison Adler decided not to return as showrunner for season 3, and instead remained as a consultant. Jessica Queller and Robert Rovner served as the showrunners alongside series co-creator Andrew Kreisberg. Jessica Queller described the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17999339", "chunk_text": "\"Every Witch Way\"\nthe 4-11 demographic. The season 2 episodes drew numerous viewers, however, its eighth episode, drew 1.71 million viewers, The one hour season two finale on August 8, 2014 had 1.70 million viewers, giving the second season a total average of 1.696 million viewers. The \"\"Spellbound\"\" special, which premiered on November 26, 2014 had 1.58 million viewers, earning a top rating in season 2 for the 18-49 demographic. The season 3 premiere had 1.66 million viewers. The second episode of season 3 had 1.54 million viewers, causing a small drop until the third episode, which drew 1.56 million viewers. The season", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10968016", "chunk_text": "\"Justified (season 3)\"\nregion 2 on February 25, 2013, and in region 4 on March 6, 2013. Special features on the season three set include nine audio commentaries by cast and crew, deleted scenes, four behind-the-scenes featurettes, and outtakes. Justified (season 3) The third season of the American television drama series \"\"Justified\"\" premiered on January 17, 2012, on FX, and concluded on April 10, 2012, consisting of 13 episodes. The series was developed by Graham Yost based on Elmore Leonard's novels \"\"Pronto\"\" and \"\"Riding the Rap\"\" and his short story \"\"Fire in the Hole\"\". Its main character is Raylan Givens, a deputy U.S.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14910460", "chunk_text": "3%\nsucceeding. The first season, consisting of 8 episodes, became available on Netflix worldwide on November 25, 2016. In December 2016, Netflix renewed the series for a second season, which consists of 10 episodes and was released on April 27, 2018. On June 4, 2018, the series was renewed for a third season, which is scheduled to be released in 2019. Creator and writer Pedro Aguilera developed \"\"3%\"\" from a 2009 independent pilot episode. Netflix gave the series an 8-episode order for the first season. It is the first Portuguese-language Netflix original series and the second non-English production, after the Spanish-language", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9214159", "chunk_text": "\"Gotham (season 3)\"\non September 19, 2016 and concluded on June 5, 2017 with a two-hour season finale. The season had two breaks between episodes, with a continuous run between them. The first 11 episodes aired from September 19 to November 28, 2016; three episodes aired from January 16 to January 30, 2017; and the final 8 episodes aired from April 24 to June 5, 2017. In July 2016, the cast and crew attended San Diego Comic-Con to discuss and promote the season and showing the debut trailer for the season. On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has a score of 89% based on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6245369", "chunk_text": "\"Fear the Walking Dead (season 3)\"\nOn Rotten Tomatoes, the season has a rating of 80%, based on 9 reviews, whose average rating is 7.45/10. The third season, featuring audio commentaries and deleted scenes, was released on Blu-ray and DVD on March 13, 2018. Fear the Walking Dead (season 3) The third season of \"\"Fear the Walking Dead\"\", an American horror-drama television series on AMC, premiered on June 4, 2017 and consisted of 16 episodes. The season is split into two eight-episode parts, with the first half concluding on July 9, 2017; the second half premiered on September 10, 2017 and concluded on October 15, 2017.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2848778", "chunk_text": "\"Gossip Girl (season 3)\"\nGossip Girl (season 3) The third season of the American teen drama television series \"\"Gossip Girl\"\" premiered on The CW on September 14, 2009, and concluded on May 17, 2010, consisting of 22 episodes. Based on the novel series of the same name by Cecily von Ziegesar, the series was developed for television by Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage. The season premiered with 2.55 million viewers and a 1.4 Adults 18-49 rating, up 14% in viewers from its season two finale. Overall, the season attracted an average of 2.02 million of viewers tuning in each week, with a 1.1 rating", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9030343", "chunk_text": "\"Supernatural (season 3)\"\nsold his soul to a demon and was given a year to live in exchange for Sam's resurrection—and wants to protect them from the new demonic leader Lilith. As Dean's deadline approaches, their efforts are further hindered by Bela Talbot (Lauren Cohan), a professional thief of occult items who is often at odds with the Winchesters. In the United States the season aired on Thursdays at 9:00 pm ET on The CW television network. The CW ordered 22 episodes for the season, but interference from the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike ultimately limited the season to 16 episodes. Some", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17498198", "chunk_text": "\"Wynonna Earp (TV series)\"\n\"\"Wynonna Earp\"\"'s passionate fan base (nicknamed \"\"Earpers\"\") with gaining the renewal. Season 3 debuted with a special preview on July 16, before its official premiere on Syfy and Space on July 20, 2018. On July 21, 2018, the renewal by Syfy and Space for a fourth season was announced at SDCC. The season will comprise 12 episodes and is scheduled to premiere in 2019. Wynonna Earp, the great-great-granddaughter of legendary lawman Wyatt Earp, battles revenants, the reincarnated outlaws that Wyatt killed. She also fights other supernatural beings that inhabit the Ghost River Triangle, a cursed territory near the Canadian Rockies", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8308481", "chunk_text": "\"American Horror Story: Coven\"\nseason's premiere, \"\"Monsters Among Us\"\", which received 6.13 million viewers during its broadcast. The ratings slipped for the second episode, delivering 4.51 million viewers and a 2.5 rating among adults 18-49 – down 17% from the premiere. The rest of the season's episodes remained relatively steady in ratings; the episode with the lowest viewing numbers was the penultimate episode, \"\"Go to Hell\"\". American Horror Story: Coven American Horror Story: Coven is the third season of the FX horror anthology television series \"\"American Horror Story\"\". It premiered on October 9, 2013, and concluded on January 29, 2014. The season takes place", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6964816", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty & the Beast (season 3)\"\nBeauty & the Beast (season 3) The third season of \"\"Beauty & the Beast\"\" (an American television series developed by Sherri Cooper-Landsman and Jennifer Levin and very loosely inspired by the 1987 CBS television series of the same name) consisted of 13 episodes. It aired in the United States on The CW starting June 11, 2015. Following the events of the season two finale, Vincent and Catherine can finally expose their relationship to the world. Vincent and Catherine will be living as a couple, but the challenge this season will be whether they can keep outside forces from tearing them", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17498206", "chunk_text": "\"Wynonna Earp (TV series)\"\nfollowed by the announcement that Chantel Riley had been cast in the recurring role of a bounty hunter character named Kate. Bell Media announced on April 24 that musician Jann Arden had joined the cast as Bunny Loblaw, a member of Purgatory's town council. The key art for the season was released on June 5, 2018, along with photos of the cast. Syfy's trailer for the third season was released on June 8, 2018. Space released its trailer on June 15, 2018. The episode titles were released on June 19, 2018. Season 3 premiered on July 20, 2018, on Syfy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14791843", "chunk_text": "\"A Certain Magical Index\"\non February 23, 2013. It is based on an original story written by Kamachi and features the main characters from both \"\"Index\"\" and \"\"Railgun\"\" along with new ones designed by Haimura. Funimation has licensed the film in North America to be released in 2014. The film was released in North America on January 13, 2015. The 26-episode third season of the anime series premiered on October 5, 2018. Funimation has licensed the third season of the series for North America, United Kingdom, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand; meanwhile, Crunchyroll has licensed it for the rest of the world,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19450987", "chunk_text": "Atypical\nmore female directors and female diversity\"\": seven of the ten episodes were directed by women and half of the writing team were female. On October 24, 2018, \"\"Atypical\"\" was renewed for a third season which will consist of 10 episodes. Season one was released on August 11, 2017, and consisted of eight episodes. The second season was released on September 7, 2018, and consisted of 10 episodes. At Metacritic, which assigns a rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the first season received a score of 66, based on 20 reviews, indicating \"\"generally favorable reviews\"\", and a score", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16671457", "chunk_text": "\"Sleepy Hollow (season 3)\"\nSleepy Hollow (season 3) The third season of the Fox television series \"\"Sleepy Hollow\"\" premiered on October 1, 2015, and consisted of 18 episodes. This season it moved time slots to Thursdays at 9:00 pm. On February 5, 2016, the show premiered in its new timeslot of Friday at 8:00 pm. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On July 15, 2015 it was announced that Nikki Reed had joined the cast in a series regular role as Betsy Ross, an old flame of Ichabod. Also joining the cast is Shannyn Sossamon who is set to play Pandora, a mysterious new presence in Sleepy Hollow who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19947532", "chunk_text": "\"Private Practice (season 3)\"\nPrivate Practice (season 3) The third season of \"\"Private Practice\"\" premiered on October 1, 2009 and concluded on May 13, 2010. The season consisted of 23 episodes. In the third season, Violet survives from the cliffhanger from season two thanks to Pete, Naomi and Addison. She gives Pete their baby, Lucas, while she recovers from the ordeal. Addison and Sam get even closer and develop feelings for each other, but decide not to become a couple because they don't want to hurt Naomi. Charlotte and Cooper break up, and Dell loses Heather in an explosion which nearly kills Betsey also.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11315080", "chunk_text": "\"Gotham (season 3)\"\nD'Agosto as Harvey Dent. New additions to the cast include Benedict Samuel as Jervis Tetch; and Maggie Geha as a grown Ivy Pepper, recasting the role portrayed by Clare Foley in previous seasons. The season was broadcast over 3 consecutive runs: the first 11 episodes aired from September to November 2016; the next 3 aired in January 2017; and the other 8 episodes aired from April to June 2017. Like the previous season, the season also holds two subtitles. The first 14 episodes are subtitled \"\"Mad City\"\" while the other 8 episodes are subtitled \"\"Heroes Rise\"\". The season premiered on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7036122", "chunk_text": "Shadowhunters\nMarch 2015, ABC Family picked up \"\"Shadowhunters\"\" straight-to-series. The series was renewed for a second season in March 2016, consisting of 20 episodes, which premiered on January 2, 2017. In April 2017, it was announced that the series was renewed for a third season of 20 episodes. The first half of ten episodes premiered on March 20, 2018. On June 4, 2018, Freeform canceled the series after three seasons, but ordered two extra episodes to properly conclude the series' story; the second half of the third season is set to premiere on February 25, 2019. In August 2016, soon before", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10956542", "chunk_text": "\"The Vampire Diaries (season 3)\"\nForever\"\" and how bonds formed between some of the siblings. M The Vampire Diaries (season 3) \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\", a one-hour American supernatural drama, was officially renewed for a third season by The CW on April 26, 2011, that aired from September 15, 2011, to May 10, 2012. The third season consisted of 22 episodes and focused on the story of Klaus' origin, his relation with his family and reveal more about the original family. The third season opened to generally positive reviews. The season takes a gap from the last season and begins with Elena Gilbert's 18th birthday with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2345037", "chunk_text": "\"Witch Hunt (Once Upon a Time)\"\nwith its audience; we’re just as familiar with these stories as the characters on the show are, so we can all be in on the startling insights or unexpected plot twists or sometimes, it’s even just helpful to be in on the joke. At any rate, it’s a big leap forward, which almost didn’t even seem possible after 'New York City Serenade.'\"\" Witch Hunt (Once Upon a Time) \"\"Witch Hunt\"\" is the thirteenth episode of the third season of the American fantasy drama series \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\", and the show's 57th episode overall, which aired on March 16, 2014.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14223411", "chunk_text": "\"Raising Hope (season 3)\"\nRaising Hope (season 3) The third season of the American television series \"\"Raising Hope\"\" premiered on October 2, 2012, on Fox. The season moved to a new time slot, airing on Tuesday at 8pm ET followed by the new comedy series \"\"Ben and Kate\"\" and \"\"The Mindy Project\"\". This season consisted of 22 episodes. On April 9, 2012, Fox announced that \"\"Raising Hope\"\" had been renewed for a third season. The season premiered on October 2, 2012. Melanie Griffith will recur in season three, playing the role of Tamara, Sabrina's mother and Melanie Griffith's real life mother, acclaimed Hitchcock actress", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16843032", "chunk_text": "\"Charmed (2018 TV series)\"\nare The Charmed Ones, the most powerful witches, and together they possess the \"\"Power of Three\"\". Each sister has a magical power, which they use to help protect innocent lives from supernatural demons. On November 8, 2018, The CW ordered a 22-episode full season. Set in the fictional college town of Hilltowne, Michigan, the series begins with sisters Mel (Melonie Diaz) and Maggie Vera (Sarah Jeffery) living with their mother Marisol (Valerie Cruz), who shortly afterward is attacked and killed by an unknown demonic force. Three months later, Mel and Maggie discover that they have an older half-sister, Macy Vaughn", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "548034", "chunk_text": "\"A Discovery of Witches (TV series)\"\nsecond and a third series. The programme premiered in the UK on Sky One on 14 September 2018 with its first series of eight episode. Streaming on NOW TV also started on that date after each episode was broadcast. The international distribution of the programme is handled by Sky Vision. The programme received positive reviews from critics, who praised the adaptation, the production and the performances of the cast. On Rotten Tomatoes, it holds a 100% approval rating based on 5 reviews. In October 2018, \"\"A Discovery of Witches\"\" was nominated for Best New Drama in the National Television Awards.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9824127", "chunk_text": "\"Lost Girl (season 3)\"\nfor a third season. Season Three premiered on January 6, 2013. In Australia, Season Three premiered on SF (formerly Sci Fi) on January 10, 2013. In the United States, Season Three premiered on Syfy on January 14, 2013. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, Season Three premiered on Syfy (UK) on April 23, 2013. With Fae society in upheaval, Bo finds herself facing further changes and challenges as former ally Hale becomes the acting Ash – trying to forge a new balance between Light and Dark by appointing a Valkyrie aligned with the Dark Fae, Tamsin, as Dyson's new detective", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "320615", "chunk_text": "\"True Blood (season 3)\"\nTrue Blood (season 3) The third season of the television series True Blood premiered on June 13, 2010 simultaneously on HBO and HBO Canada. It concluded its run on September 12, 2010 and contained 12 episodes, bringing the series total to 36. It loosely follows the plot of the third novel of \"\"The Southern Vampire Mysteries\"\" series, Club Dead. The third season loosely follows the plot of the novel \"\"Club Dead\"\", which finds Sookie teaming up with a werewolf sent by Eric, named Alcide in Mississippi in order to track down Bill, who has been kidnapped and is being held", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12365225", "chunk_text": "\"Lucifer (TV series)\"\nthe series for a second season, which premiered on September 19, 2016. On October 31, 2016, the series received a 22-episode full second season pickup by Fox. On February 13, 2017, Fox renewed the series for a third season initially of 22 episodes, which premiered on October 2, 2017. However, in March 2017, it was revealed that the final four episodes of the second season would be removed and placed in the third season to air, meaning that the second season would consist of 18 episodes and the third season would consist of 26. On January 22, 2018, writer Chris", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17999340", "chunk_text": "\"Every Witch Way\"\n3 finale drew 1.71 million viewers. Season 4 premiered with 1.50 million viewers. The crossover with \"\"Talia in the Kitchen\"\" drew 1.16 million viewers during its first half. The 14th episode had 0.96 million viewers, an unusually small audience. The series finale on July 30, 2015 had 1.64 million viewers. On February 25, 2015, Nickelodeon announced a spin-off titled \"\"WITS Academy\"\". It is a daily strip about the comedic adventures of witches- and wizards-in-training based on the third season of Grachi, and it premiered on October 5, 2015, ending on October 30, 2015. It was announced by Daniella Nieves that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15021087", "chunk_text": "\"Once Upon a Time (season 3)\"\nWizard of Oz, Glinda the Good Witch, the Good Witch of the North, the Witch of the East, Dorothy Gale, Blackbeard, and Elsa. The season premiere was watched by 8.52 million viewers, achieving an adult 18-49 rating/share of 2.6/7. The mid-season finale received critical acclaim from critics with many praising the episode's ending, Mr. Gold's fate, and the flash-forward technique used. The spring premiere brought in the highest viewing figures since the season's second episode, earning the highest weekly viewership rank for the series since the second episode of the second season in October 2012. The episode was met with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2020649", "chunk_text": "\"Beauty & the Beast (season 3)\"\napart. Season three will have a stronger focus on family, with Heather Chandler being a more prominent character and the viewers being introduced to two of Catherine's aunts. The show's costume designer Catherine Ashton announced via Twitter that the third season will reportedly end with some closure and a big cliffhanger. On May 8, 2014, \"\"Beauty & the Beast\"\" was renewed for a third season of 13 episodes. Filming on season three commenced on August 29, 2014, and ended on February 12, 2015. Season three was originally set to premiere on May 21, 2015, but the premiere date was later", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_336	when did canada get rid of the death penalty?	n/a	[ "July 14, 1976", "1976", "1998" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12829795", "chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in Canada\"\nthe death penalty in Canada occurred in 1963. On November 30, 1967, Bill C-168 was passed creating a five-year moratorium on the use of the death penalty, except for murders of police and corrections officers. On January 26, 1973, after the expiration of the five-year experiment, the Solicitor General of Canada continued the partial ban on capital punishment, which would eventually lead to the abolition of capital punishment. On July 14, 1976, Bill C-84 was passed by a narrow margin of 130:124 in a free vote, resulting in the \"\"de jure\"\" abolition of the death penalty, except for certain offences", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1090220", "chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in Canada\"\nboth in Canada and around the world\"\". However, an overwhelming majority of Conservatives supported the change in policy. In a 2011 interview given to Canadian media, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper affirmed his private support for capital punishment by saying, \"\"I personally think there are times where capital punishment is appropriate.\"\" Capital punishment in Canada Capital punishment in Canada dates back to Canada's earliest history, including its period as a French colony and, after 1763, its time as a British colony. From 1867 to the elimination of the death penalty for murder on July 14, 1976, 1,481 people had been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12829789", "chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in Canada\"\nRonald Turpin on December 11, 1962, at Toronto's Don Jail. The death penalty was \"\"de facto\"\" abolished in Canada in 1963, and Bill C-84 was enacted in 1976 resulting in the \"\"de jure\"\" abolition of the death penalty, except for certain military offences committed by members of the Canadian Armed Forces (cowardice, desertion, unlawful surrender, and spying for the enemy) which are prosecuted under the National Defence Act. In 1998, Canada eliminated the death penalty for these military offences as well. In 1749, Peter Cartcel, a sailor aboard a ship in the Halifax harbour, stabbed Abraham Goodsides to death and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12829788", "chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in Canada\"\nCapital punishment in Canada Capital punishment in Canada dates back to Canada's earliest history, including its period as a French colony and, after 1763, its time as a British colony. From 1867 to the elimination of the death penalty for murder on July 14, 1976, 1,481 people had been sentenced to death, and 710 had been executed. Of those executed, 697 were men and 13 were women. The only method used in Canada for capital punishment of civilians after the end of the French regime was hanging. The last execution in Canada was the double hanging of Arthur Lucas and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12829796", "chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in Canada\"\nunder the National Defence Act. These were removed in 1998. On June 30, 1987, a bill to restore the death penalty was defeated by the House of Commons in a 148–127 vote, in which Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, Minister of Justice Ray Hnatyshyn, and Minister of External Affairs Joe Clark opposed the bill, whereas Deputy Prime Minister Donald Mazankowski and a majority of Progressive Conservative MPs supported it. First-degree murder, which before abolition was the offence of capital murder, now carries a mandatory life sentence without eligibility for parole until the person has served 25 years of the sentence. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11486541", "chunk_text": "Hanging\nhanging by the Ottoman court in Sofia in 1873. Every year since Bulgaria's liberation, thousands come with flowers on the date of his death, 19 February, to his monument where the gallows stood. The last execution was in 1989, and the death penalty was abolished for all crimes in 1998. Historically, hanging was the only method of execution used in Canada and was in use as possible punishment for all murders until 1961, when murders were reclassified into capital and non-capital offences. The death penalty was restricted to apply only for certain offences to the National Defence Act in 1976", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12829794", "chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in Canada\"\npunishment as the mandatory punishment for murder, which opened the door to the possibility of abolition. In 1961, legislation was introduced to reclassify murder into capital or non-capital offences. A capital murder involved a planned or deliberate murder, murder during violent crimes, or the murder of a police officer or prison guard. Only capital murder carried the death sentence. Following the success of Lester Pearson and the Liberal Party in the 1963 federal election, and through the successive governments of Pierre Trudeau, the federal cabinet commuted all death sentences as a matter of policy. Hence, the \"\"de facto\"\" abolition of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12829797", "chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in Canada\"\nlast two people executed in Canada were Ronald Turpin, 29, and Arthur Lucas, 54, convicted for separate murders, at 12:02 am on December 11, 1962, at the Don Jail in Toronto. The last woman to be hanged in Canada was Marguerite Pitre on January 9, 1953, for her part in the Albert Guay affair. The last person sentenced to death was Mario Gauthier on May 14, 1976, for the murder of a prison guard in Quebec. He was reprieved as capital punishment was abolished for all common crimes on July 14 the same year. During the First World War, 25", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8820721", "chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in Canada\"\nto the US's position; in 2004 only 48 percent of Canadians favoured death for murderers compared to 62 percent in 2010. According to one poll, support for the death penalty in Canada is approximately the same as its support in the United States, at 63 percent in both countries as of 2013. A 2011 poll by the \"\"Toronto Sun\"\" found that 66 percent of Canadians favored capital punishment, but only 41 percent would actually support its re-introduction in Canada. Since abolition only two parties were known to have advocated to bringing it back: the Reform Party of Canada (1988–2000) and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11322460", "chunk_text": "\"Crime in Canada\"\nwas not important enough (68%). Other common reasons include; they think the police cannot do anything about it (59%), or they dealt with it another way (42%). Multiple reasons are given so the percentages do not sum to 100%. Canada abolished the death penalty for murder in 1976, instituting a mandatory sentence of life imprisonment for murder. In 2001, Canada had about 32,000 people in prison or about 0.13% of the total population. Globally, the United States was the country with the highest percentage of inmate population (about 0.7% of the total population). The European average is 0.2% of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8820722", "chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in Canada\"\nthe National Advancement Party of Canada (since 2014). Among the reasons cited for banning capital punishment in Canada were fears about wrongful convictions, concerns about the state taking people's lives, and uncertainty about the death penalty's role as a deterrent for crime. The 1959 conviction of 14-year-old Steven Truscott was a significant impetus (although certainly not the only one) toward the abolition of capital punishment. Truscott was sentenced to death for the murder of a classmate. His sentence was later commuted to a life sentence and in 2007 he was acquitted of the charges (although the appeal court did not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18152966", "chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment by country\"\n1970s, and a further 10 in the 1980s. After the end of the Cold War, many more countries followed. 35 countries abolished capital punishment in the 1990s, with 9 in 1990 alone, and a further 23 in the 2000s. 11 countries have abolished so far in the 2010s. Since 1985, there have been only 6 years when no country has abolished the death penalty: 1988, 2001, 2003, 2011, 2013 and 2014. Note: Where a country has abolished, re-instated, and abolished again (e.g. Philippines, Switzerland, Portugal) only the later abolition date is included. Countries who have abolished and since reinstated (e.g.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14551", "chunk_text": "\"Warren Allmand\"\nWarren Allmand William Warren Allmand, (September 19, 1932 – December 7, 2016) was a Canadian politician who served as a Member of Parliament in the Parliament of Canada from 1965 to 1997. A member of the Liberal Party, he represented the Montreal riding of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce and served in the cabinet of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau from 1972 to 1979. As Solicitor General, Allmand introduced legislation that successfully abolished the death penalty in Canada in 1976. After leaving federal politics, Allmand took on the role of human rights activist, and led the International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12649147", "chunk_text": "\"Incarceration in Canada\"\nand strikes in Canadian prisons. The final report was published in 1938 and was the first comprehensive report in Canada to emphasize crime prevention and offender rehabilitation. Capital punishment was abolished in Canada in 1976. In Canada, all offenders who receive a sentence of 24 months or greater must serve their sentence in a federal correctional facility administered by the Correctional Service of Canada. Any offender who receives a sentence less than 24 months, or who is incarcerated while awaiting trial or sentencing, must serve their sentence in a provincial correctional facility (see Provincial correctional services in Canada). Canada's correctional", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12793250", "chunk_text": "\"Assisted suicide\"\nIt was legal in the Northern Territory for a short time under the Rights of the Terminally Ill Act 1995. The \"\"Euthanasia Act\"\" legalized euthanasia in Belgium in 2002, but it didn't cover assisted suicide. Suicide was considered a criminal offence in Canada until 1972. Physician-assisted suicide has been legal in the Province of Quebec since June 5, 2014. It was declared legal across the country because of the Supreme Court of Canada decision \"\"Carter v Canada (AG)\"\", of February 6, 2015. After a lengthy delay, the House of Commons passed a Bill (C-14) in mid June 2016 that allows", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8781865", "chunk_text": "\"Faint hope clause\"\nrationale for the clause, Section 745.6 of the Criminal Code, was to lower the risk to prison guards from murderers serving life with little hope of release - and nothing to lose from unleashing violence The section was added in 1976 after Canada abolished the death penalty and replaced it with a mandatory sentence of life imprisonment for first and second degree murder. This particular provision was added in order to encourage convicted murderers in Canada to rehabilitate themselves, and to reflect the fact that other countries allowed convicted murderers to be paroled after an average of 15 years incarceration.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12479651", "chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment\"\nand Canada have abolished capital punishment. In Latin America, most states have completely abolished the use of capital punishment, while some countries such as Brazil and Guatemala allow for capital punishment only in exceptional situations, such as treason committed during wartime. The United States (the federal government and 31 of the states), some Caribbean countries and the majority of countries in Asia (for example, Japan and India) retain capital punishment. In Africa, less than half of countries retain it, for example Botswana and Zambia. South Africa abolished the death penalty in 1995. Abolition was often adopted due to political change,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14687227", "chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment\"\nwas 1876, from there all the condemnations were commuted by the Emperor Pedro II until it's abolition for civil offences and military offences in peacetime in 1891. The penalty for crimes committed in peacetime was then reinstated and abolished again twice (1938–53 and 1969–78), but on those occasions it was restricted to acts of terrorism or subversion considered \"\"internal warfare\"\" and all sentence were commuted and were not carried out. Abolition occurred in Canada in 1976 (except for some military offences, with complete abolition in 1998), in France in 1981, and in Australia in 1973 (although the state of Western", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12829793", "chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in Canada\"\nmore often than to the wealthy. He refuted the notion that state-sponsored killing acted as a deterrent to murder and cautioned against the possibility of mistake. In 1950, an attempt was made to abolish capital punishment. Ross Thatcher, at that time a Cooperative Commonwealth Federation Member of Parliament, moved Bill No. 2 in order to amend the Criminal Code to abolish the death penalty. Thatcher later withdrew it for fear of Bill No. 2 not generating positive discussion and further harming the chances of abolition. In 1956, the Joint Committee of the House and Senate recommended the retention of capital", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9331569", "chunk_text": "\"Pierre Trudeau\"\namong increasingly neoliberal business leaders. Trudeau continued his attempts at increasing Canada's international profile, including joining the G7 group of major economic powers in 1976 at the behest of U.S. President Gerald Ford. On July 14, 1976, after long and emotional debate, Bill C-84 was passed by the House of Commons by a vote of 130 to 124, abolishing the death penalty completely and instituting a life sentence without parole for 25 years for first-degree murder. Trudeau faced increasing challenges in Quebec, starting with bitter relations with Bourassa and his Liberal government in Quebec. After a rise in the polls", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10025630", "chunk_text": "\"Lester B. Pearson\"\nand the Maple Leaf flag. His Liberal government also unified Canada's armed forces. Pearson convened the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism, and he kept Canada out of the Vietnam War. In 1967, his government passed Bill C-168, which \"\"de facto\"\" abolished capital punishment in Canada by restricting it to a few capital offences for which it was never used, and which themselves were abolished in 1976. With these accomplishments, together with his groundbreaking work at the United Nations and in international diplomacy, Pearson is generally considered among the most influential Canadians of the 20th century and is ranked among", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19264353", "chunk_text": "\"Canadian Coalition Against the Death Penalty\"\nCanadian Coalition Against the Death Penalty The Canadian Coalition Against the Death Penalty (CCADP) is a not-for-profit organization which was co-founded by Tracy Lamourie and Dave Parkinson of the Greater Toronto Area. The couple formed the CCADP, not only to speak out against the use of capital punishment around the world, but also in the hopes of educating and encouraging fellow Canadians to speak out against the occasional calls for a renewal of the death penalty within their own country (Canada abolished the death penalty in 1976) in addition to urging the Canadian government to ensure fair trials and appeals,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5266198", "chunk_text": "\"Arthur Lucas\"\nArthur Lucas Arthur Lucas, originally from the U.S. state of Georgia, was one of the two last people to be executed in Canada, on December 11, 1962. Lucas had been convicted of the murder of a police informant from Detroit. The murder took place in Toronto. Lucas, along with fellow prisoner Ronald Turpin, was executed at the Toronto (Don) Jail by hanging, the only form of civilian capital punishment ever used in post-Confederation Canada, although the military employed execution by firing squad. In 1976, capital punishment for murder was removed from Canada's Criminal Code, but could still be used under", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15460375", "chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment\"\nAustralia retained the penalty until 1984). In 1977, the United Nations General Assembly affirmed in a formal resolution that throughout the world, it is desirable to \"\"progressively restrict the number of offences for which the death penalty might be imposed, with a view to the desirability of abolishing this punishment\"\". In the United Kingdom, it was abolished for murder (leaving only treason, piracy with violence, arson in royal dockyards and a number of wartime military offences as capital crimes) for a five-year experiment in 1965 and permanently in 1969, the last execution having taken place in 1964. It was abolished", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16963110", "chunk_text": "\"Euthanasia in Canada\"\ntowards safeguards in decriminalizing assisted suicide. Suicide was decriminalized in Canada in 1972. Physician-assisted suicide has been legal in the Province of Quebec, where it is referred to as \"\"medical aid in dying\"\", since June 5, 2014. It became legal in the entire country in June 2016 after the criminal prohibition was struck down and subsequently new legislation was passed in Parliament pursuant to a 2015 Supreme Court of Canada decision. Before it had been amended in 2016, the Criminal Code of Canada stated in section 241(b) that \"\"Every one who ... (b) aids or abets a person to commit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15460382", "chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment\"\nsupport for the death penalty remains high. Some countries have resumed practising the death penalty after having previously suspended the practice for long periods. The United States suspended executions in 1972 but resumed them in 1976; there was no execution in India between 1995 and 2004; and Sri Lanka declared an end to its moratorium on the death penalty on 20 November 2004, although it has not yet performed any further executions. The Philippines re-introduced the death penalty in 1993 after abolishing it in 1987, but again abolished it in 2006. The United States and Japan are the only developed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12829791", "chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in Canada\"\nof offences punishable by death to three: murder, rape, and treason. In 1868, Parliament also stated that the location of the execution was to be within the confines of the prison instead of public hangings. By the 1870s, the jails had begun to build the gallows from the ground with a pit underneath instead of the previous high scaffold, the platform of which was level with the prison wall. Robert Bickerdike (b. 17 August 1843 in Kingston, Upper Canada, d. 28 December 1928 in Lachine, Quebec), a businessman, politician, and social reformer, believed the abolition of capital punishment was an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17879386", "chunk_text": "Court-martial\nand/or service. In Canada, there is a two-tier military trial system. Summary trials are presided over by superior officers, while more significant matters are heard by courts martial, which are presided over by independent military judges serving under the independent Office of the Chief Military Judge. Appeals are heard by the Court Martial Appeal Court of Canada. Capital punishment in Canada was abolished generally in 1976, and for military offences in 1998. Harold Pringle was the last Canadian soldier executed, in 1945, for a military offence. In Finland, the military has jurisdiction over two types of crimes: those that can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6917886", "chunk_text": "\"Carter v Canada (AG)\"\nnow begin approving applications for euthanasia until the new law passes. In 1972, the Canadian government repealed the \"\"Criminal Code\"\" provision prohibiting suicide. However, 241(b) of the \"\"Criminal Code\"\" provided that everyone who aids or abets a person in committing suicide commits an indictable offence, and section 14 stated that no person may consent to death being inflicted on them. The Supreme Court denied a right to assisted suicide in their 1993 ruling \"\"Rodriguez v British Columbia (AG)\"\", upholding the constitutionality of the prohibitions based upon a thin evidentiary record. In April 2011, the British Columbia Civil Liberties Association (\"\"BCCLA\"\")", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3866659", "chunk_text": "\"Legality of euthanasia\"\noccurred in September 2016. In September 2014, the Federal Euthanasia Commission gave convicted rapist and murderer Frank Van Den Bleeken the right to assisted suicide. Van Den Bleeken had served decades in prison for a 1989 crime and no longer wished to live. Over a dozen other inmates filed similar petitions. In January 2015, the Justice Ministry acknowledged that Van Den Bleeken's doctors recommended against euthanasia and that alternative psychological care would be sought for him. Voluntary active euthanasia, called \"\"physician assisted dying\"\", is legal in Canada for all people over the age of 18 who have a terminal illness", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4634083", "chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment debate in the United States\"\nas the Robert Pickton case, the Greyhound bus beheading, Port Arthur massacre and Bali bombings, though none of these events or similar events actually caused the death penalty to be re-instated. Between 2000 and 2010, support for the return of capital punishment in Canada dropped from 44% to 40%, and opposition to it returning rose from 43% to 46%. The Canadian government currently \"\"has absolutely no plans to reinstate capital punishment.\"\" Nonetheless, in a 2011 interview given to Canadian media, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper affirmed his private support for capital punishment by saying, \"\"I personally think there are times", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8820720", "chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in Canada\"\nfacilities, but more typically offenders were hanged on a scaffold built for the occasion in the jail yard. Military prisoners sentenced to death under Canadian Military Law were shot by a firing squad . Although reintroduction of the death penalty in Canada is extremely unlikely, support for capital punishment is similar to its support in the United States, where it is carried out regularly in some states and is on the books in most states and on the federal level. While opposition to the death penalty increased in the 1990s and early 2000s, in recent years Canadians have merged closer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5821959", "chunk_text": "\"Canadian Coalition Against the Death Penalty\"\nmedia around the world, as well as on websites in several different languages. In 1977 Stan Faulder, a Canadian citizen, was convicted in the state of Texas for the beating and stabbing death of 75-year-old Inez Phillips. Faulder never denied his involvement in the crime, but his supporters argued that his rights were violated because he was never informed by state officials that he was allowed to contact Canadian consular officials. Also contrary to international law, the Canadian government had not been advised that the Canadian citizen had been sentenced to death. The CCADP made headlines in 1998 after proposing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13849083", "chunk_text": "\"Warren Allmand\"\ndid not take anything. Allmand would later state that the RCMP had been dishonest in withholding information from him and other solicitors general. After Trudeau's Liberals upgraded their minority government to a majority in the 1974 federal election, they had more leeway to act on abolishing capital punishment. In 1973, Liberals had renewed the provisions of Bill C-168, passed by Lester B. Pearson's minority government in 1968, which imposed a five-year moratorium on the use of the death penalty. With a majority behind them, Allmand and Trudeau, both ardent abolitionists, prepared to go further than Pearson had gone and decided", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "390571", "chunk_text": "\"Don Mazankowski\"\nas an advocate for the Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement and the North American Free Trade Agreement. The Mulroney government became increasingly unpopular, however, but Mazankowski was less severely affected than others. In 1991, he became Finance Minister, replacing Michael Wilson. On June 30, 1987, a bill to restore the death penalty was defeated by the House of Commons in a 148–127 vote, in which Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, Minister of Justice Ray Hnatyshyn, and Minister of External Affairs Joe Clark opposed the bill, Mazankowski and a majority of Progressive Conservative MPs supported it. Mazankowski retired from politics on June", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11979757", "chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in Australia\"\nCapital punishment in Australia Capital punishment in Australia was a form of punishment in Australia that has been abolished in all jurisdictions. Queensland abolished the death penalty in 1922. Tasmania did the same in 1968, the federal government abolished the death penalty in 1973, with application also in the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory. Victoria did so in 1975, South Australia in 1976, and Western Australia in 1984. New South Wales abolished the death penalty for murder in 1955, and for all crimes in 1985. In 2010, the federal government passed legislation prohibiting the re-establishment of capital punishment", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18152955", "chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment by country\"\n1966 and 1987, respectively. The last execution in the Caribbean, and the last in the Americas outside the United States, was in Saint Kitts and Nevis in 2008. In Central and South America, the death penalty exists in Belize and Guyana, though it has not been used for years. In Brazil, Chile, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Peru, the death penalty is only legal in exceptional/special circumstances such as for crimes committed in wartime and was abolished for other crimes. Opinion polls state sentiment for governments to return to capital punishment remains high in many Caribbean countries and pressure on politicians", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10434742", "chunk_text": "\"Warren Allmand\"\nto try and abolish the death penalty altogether. Allmand felt it was hypocritical to have the law on the books when Parliament had commuted every death sentence since 1962. He also felt that it was illegitimate to grant the Cabinet and the judiciary the power over an individual person's ultimate fate, noting that it is not in line with the values held by Canadian society. Because of these views, Canada's official hangman called for his resignation. In 1976 Allmand tabled Bill C-84, \"\"An Act to Amend the Criminal Code in Relation to the Punishment for Murder and Certain Other Serious", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8303064", "chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment\"\nthe remaining six senior members took place on 26 July. The most recent country to abolish the death penalty was Burkina Faso in June 2018. The death penalty for juvenile offenders (criminals aged under 18 years at the time of their crime although the legal or accepted definition of \"\"juvenile offender\"\" may vary from one jurisdiction to another) has become increasingly rare. Considering the age of majority is still not 18 in some countries or has not been clearly defined in law, since 1990 ten countries have executed offenders who were considered juveniles at the time of their crimes: The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10482017", "chunk_text": "\"Right to die\"\nno physician would be forced to do so but the CMA was offering educational sessions to members as to the process that would be used. On 17 June 2016, legislation passed both houses of the Parliament of Canada and received Royal Assent to allow euthanasia within Canada. On 20 May 1997, the Constitutional Court of Colombia decriminalised piety homicide, for terminally ill patients, stating that \"\"the medical author cannot be held responsible for the assisted suicide of a terminally ill patient\"\" and urged Congress to regulate euthanasia \"\"in the shortest time possible\"\". On 15 December 2014, the Constitutional Court had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1518731", "chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in the United Kingdom\"\nCapital punishment in the United Kingdom Capital punishment in the United Kingdom was used from ancient times until the second half of the 20th century. The last executions in the United Kingdom were by hanging, and took place in 1964, prior to :capital punishment being abolished for murder (in 1965 in Great Britain and in 1973 in Northern Ireland). Although unused, the death penalty remained a legally defined punishment for certain offences such as treason until it was completely abolished in 1998. In 2004 the 13th Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights became binding on the United Kingdom,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2499937", "chunk_text": "\"Warren Allmand\"\n\"\"Great Canadian Book of Lists,\"\" he listed abolishing the death penalty as one of Canada's twelve most significant political events. After his death, Denis Coderre, the Mayor of Montreal, announced that the flags at Montreal City Hall would be flown at half-mast in his honour. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau released a statement on Twitter saying that Allmand's \"\"legacy will live on in the enormous contributions he made to Canada as an MP and Minister.\"\" Allmand published at least three books during this career: Warren Allmand William Warren Allmand, (September 19, 1932 – December 7, 2016) was a Canadian politician who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14687223", "chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment\"\n(\"\"Glossip v. Gross\"\") that lethal injection does not constitute cruel and unusual punishment. Many countries have abolished capital punishment either in law or in practice. Since World War II there has been a trend toward abolishing capital punishment. Capital punishment has been completely abolished by 102 countries, a further six have done so for all offences except under special circumstances and 32 more have abolished it in practice because they have not used it for at least 10 years and are believed to have a policy or established practice against carrying out executions. The death penalty was banned in China", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17281750", "chunk_text": "\"Euthanasia in Canada\"\nacross the country. The federal government subsequently requested a six-month extension for implementation; the arguments for this request were scheduled to be heard by the federal Supreme Court on January 11, 2016. The province of Quebec had legalized doctor assisted suicide in June 2014 as well as in late 2015 the province's Court of Appeal confirmed that their law did not contravene the country's Criminal Code because of the Carter v Canada (AG) ruling of the Supreme Court of Canada. A 1993 decision made by the Supreme Court of Canada that established a patient’s right to withdraw from a procedure", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12829816", "chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in Canada\"\nother nations such as Germany, France, the Netherlands, Spain, Italy, the United Kingdom, Israel, Mexico, Colombia and Australia, which also refuse to extradite prisoners who may be condemned to death. Extradition where the death penalty is possible was ruled a violation of the European Convention of Human Rights in the case of \"\"Soering v United Kingdom\"\" outlawing the practice in member states of the Council of Europe, of which all of the European Union member states are part. In November 2007, Canada's minority Conservative government reversed a longstanding policy of automatically requesting clemency for Canadian citizens sentenced to capital punishment.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1090219", "chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in Canada\"\nThe ongoing case of Alberta-born Ronald Allen Smith, who has been on death row in the United States since 1982 after being convicted of murdering two people and who continues to seek calls for clemency from the Canadian government, prompted Canadian Public Safety Minister Stockwell Day to announce the change in policy. Day has stated that each situation should be handled on a case-by-case basis. Smith's case resulted in a sharp divide between the Liberals and the Conservatives, with the Liberals passing a motion declaring that the government \"\"should stand consistently against the death penalty, as a matter of principle,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "429478", "chunk_text": "\"Kindler v Canada (Minister of Justice)\"\nKindler v Canada (Minister of Justice) Kindler v Canada (Minister of Justice) was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of Canada where it was held that the government policy that allowed for extradition of convicted criminals to a country where they may face the death penalty was valid under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The Court repeated this finding in \"\"Reference re Ng Extradition\"\" in 1991. However, \"\"Kindler\"\" was essentially overruled in 2001 with \"\"United States v. Burns\"\". After being convicted of murder in Pennsylvania, Joseph Kindler escaped and fled to Canada. He was captured, escaped again", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5266199", "chunk_text": "\"Arthur Lucas\"\nthe National Defence Act until 1998. When both men were informed that they would likely be the last people ever to hang in Canada, Lucas said, \"\"Some consolation.\"\" Chaplain Cyrill Everitt attended the double hanging and in 1986, shortly before his death, he revealed that Lucas's head was \"\"nearly torn right off\"\" because the hangman had miscalculated the man's weight. Arthur Lucas Arthur Lucas, originally from the U.S. state of Georgia, was one of the two last people to be executed in Canada, on December 11, 1962. Lucas had been convicted of the murder of a police informant from Detroit.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12829815", "chunk_text": "\"Capital punishment in Canada\"\nstate that he was in fact innocent). In the 1990s, Canada extradited a criminal, Charles Ng to the United States, even though he appealed to the authorities, as he did not want to potentially face execution. The Supreme Court of Canada, in the case \"\"United States v. Burns\"\", (2001), determined that Canada should not extradite persons to face trial in other countries for crimes punishable by death unless Canada has received an assurance that the foreign state will not apply the death penalty, essentially overruling \"\"Kindler v. Canada (Minister of Justice)\"\", (1991). This is similar to the extradition policies of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5578795", "chunk_text": "Hanging\nand was completely abolished in 1998. The last hangings in Canada took place on 11 December 1962. In 1955, Egypt hanged three Israelis on charges of spying. In 2004, Egypt hanged five militants on charges of trying to kill the Prime Minister. In the territories occupied by Nazi Germany from 1939 to 1945, strangulation hanging was a preferred means of public execution, although more criminal executions were performed by guillotine than hanging. The most commonly sentenced were partisans and black marketeers, whose bodies were usually left hanging for long periods. There are also numerous reports of concentration camp inmates being", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_337	who conducted the opening concert at carnegie hall?	n/a	[ "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky", "maestro Walter Damrosch", "Walter Damrosch" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2690794", "chunk_text": "\"Carnegie Hall\"\nnonprofit Carnegie Hall Corporation was created to run the venue. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962. Most of the greatest performers of classical music since the time Carnegie Hall was built have performed in the Main Hall, and its lobbies are adorned with signed portraits and memorabilia. The NBC Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Arturo Toscanini, frequently recorded in the Main Hall for RCA Victor. On November 14, 1943, the 25-year old Leonard Bernstein had his major conducting debut when he had to substitute for a suddenly ill Bruno Walter in a concert that was broadcast by CBS,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14315168", "chunk_text": "\"Carnegie Hall\"\nis similarly restrained. The firm of Adler & Sullivan of Chicago, noted for the acoustics of their theaters, were hired as consultant architects though their contributions are not known. Carnegie Hall is named after Andrew Carnegie, who funded its construction. It was intended as a venue for the Oratorio Society of New York and the New York Symphony Society, on whose boards Carnegie served. Construction began in 1890, and was carried out by Isaac A. Hopper and Company. Although the building was in use from April 1891, the official opening night was May 5, with a concert conducted by maestro", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7687607", "chunk_text": "\"Carnegie Hall\"\nCarnegie Hall Carnegie Hall ( but more commonly ) is a concert venue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, United States, located at 881 Seventh Avenue, occupying the east side of Seventh Avenue between West 56th Street and West 57th Street, two blocks south of Central Park. Designed by architect William Burnet Tuthill and built by philanthropist Andrew Carnegie in 1891, it is one of the most prestigious venues in the world for both classical music and popular music. Carnegie Hall has its own artistic programming, development, and marketing departments, and presents about 250 performances each season. It is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4430324", "chunk_text": "\"Walter Damrosch\"\nWalter Damrosch Walter Johannes Damrosch (January 30, 1862 – December 22, 1950) was a German-born American conductor and composer. He is best remembered today as long-time director of the New York Symphony Orchestra and for conducting the world premiere performances of George Gershwin's \"\"Piano Concerto in F\"\" (1925) and \"\"An American in Paris\"\" (1928). Damrosch was also instrumental in the founding of Carnegie Hall. Damrosch was born in Breslau, Silesia, a son of Helene von Heimburg, a former opera singer, and the conductor Leopold Damrosch, and brother of conductor Frank Damrosch and music teacher Clara Mannes. His parents were Lutheran", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15505144", "chunk_text": "\"A Carnegie Hall Christmas Concert\"\nA Carnegie Hall Christmas Concert A Carnegie Hall Christmas Concert is a 1991 PBS special that originally aired as part of its \"\"Great Performances\"\" franchise. Recorded in early December, 1991 at Carnegie Hall in New York City, the 90-minute concert is a program of traditional, secular, and religious Christmas carols performed by soprano Kathleen Battle and mezzo-soprano Frederica von Stade, a jazz band led by Wynton Marsalis, and orchestra & chorus conducted by André Previn. There is no introductory dialogue between songs, all material is either sung or performed. After its initial airing, the show was repeated the following Christmas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4182770", "chunk_text": "\"Oratorio Society of New York\"\ndecided to add his support to a fund the Society had begun several years earlier, the goal of which was to build a hall suitable for the performance of choral music. He engaged a fellow board member, the architect William Tuthill, to design the \"\"Music Hall,\"\" now known as Carnegie Hall. During the five-day festival in May 1891 that inaugurated the new hall, the Society performed under the batons of Walter Damrosch and Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in the first of more than a century of performances in its artistic home. Among the Society's many ground-breaking programs was one in April", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7687624", "chunk_text": "\"Carnegie Hall\"\nlive recordings of their concerts there. The hall has also been the site of many famous lectures, including the Tuskegee Institute Silver Anniversary Lecture by Booker T. Washington, and the last public lecture by Mark Twain, both in 1906. Sissieretta Jones became the first African-American to sing at the Music Hall (renamed Carnegie Hall the following year), June 15, 1892. The Benny Goodman Orchestra gave a sold-out swing and jazz concert January 16, 1938. The bill also featured, among other guest performers, Count Basie and members of Duke Ellington's orchestra. Rock and roll music first came to Carnegie Hall when", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7947804", "chunk_text": "\"William Tuthill\"\nconcert halls as well as what has been called his \"\"golden ear\"\". Carnegie Hall opened in 1891 with composer Peter Tchaikovsky conducting the New York Philharmonic and the Oratorio Society of New York. During the performance, Tuthill reportedly left the hall to consult his drawings, to be certain that the supporting columns would withstand the weight of the crowd in attendance. Tuthill also designed the Women's Medical College at the New York, Infirmary on 101st Street near Manhattan Avenue, in New York and a row of extant townhouses along 122nd Street near Mount Morris (now Marcus Garvey) Park in Harlem.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18593919", "chunk_text": "\"New York Philharmonic\"\nconvince Andrew Carnegie that New York needed a first-class concert hall and on May 5, 1891, both Walter and Russian composer Piotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky conducted at the inaugural concert of the city's new Music Hall, which in a few years would be renamed for its primary benefactor, Andrew Carnegie. Carnegie Hall would remain the orchestra's home until 1962. The Philharmonic in 1877 was in desperate financial condition, caused by the paltry income from five concerts in the 1876/77 season that brought in an average of only $168 per concert. Representatives of the Philharmonic wished to attract the German-born, American-trained conductor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1946579", "chunk_text": "\"Leonard Bernstein\"\nconductor during his tenure as music director. However, his views were not shared by the audiences (with many full houses) and probably not by the musicians themselves (who had greater financial security arising from Bernstein's many TV and recording activities amongst other things). In 1962 the New York Philharmonic moved from Carnegie Hall to Philharmonic Hall (now David Geffen Hall) in the new Lincoln Center. The move was not without controversy because of acoustic problems with the new hall. Bernstein conducted the gala opening concert featuring vocal works by Mahler, Beethoven and Vaughan Williams, and the premiere of Aaron Copland's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2690804", "chunk_text": "\"Carnegie Hall\"\nof the hall, but its origins remain a mystery. According to \"\"The New York Times\"\", the main player in the story has been described at various times as either an unnamed man, violinist Jascha Heifetz or the pianist Arthur Rubinstein. On its webpage, Carnegie Hall quotes the wife of violinist Mischa Elman as having perhaps the best story of its origin: \"\"One day, after a rehearsal that hadn’t pleased Elman, the couple was leaving Carnegie Hall by the backstage entrance when they were approached by two tourists looking for the hall’s entrance. Seeing his violin case, they asked, 'How do", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5991857", "chunk_text": "\"Opening Prayer\"\nOpening Prayer Opening Prayer is a composition for baritone and orchestra, written for the reopening of Carnegie Hall in 1986. Composer Leonard Bernstein set a Hebrew biblical benediction, which concludes a traditional morning service. He derived the music from an earlier piano composition, and later included it in his Jubilee Games in 1988, and in their expansion to the Concerto for Orchestra in 1989, calling the movement now Benediction. Leonard Bernstein had a close connection to Carnegie Hall. He made his debut there on 14 November 1943, stepping in for Bruno Walter on short notice. As the orchestra's first American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2690791", "chunk_text": "\"Carnegie Hall\"\nWalter Damrosch and great Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Originally known simply as \"\"Music Hall\"\" (the words \"\"Music Hall founded by Andrew Carnegie\"\" still appear on the façade above the marquee), the hall was renamed Carnegie Hall in 1893 after board members of the Music Hall Company of New York (the hall's original governing body) persuaded Carnegie to allow the use of his name. Several alterations were made to the building between 1893 and 1896, including the addition of two towers of artists' studios, and alterations to the smaller auditorium on the building's lower level. The hall was owned by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10233228", "chunk_text": "\"Lake Carnegie (New Jersey)\"\nthe lowest possible price. By 1905, the needed land was purchased and the work of clearing the area and constructing the bridges and dam began. Carnegie attended the official opening ceremony on December 5, 1906, arriving by train with dozens of friends. He was met by a group including university president Woodrow Wilson. Carnegie and Wilson led an academic procession into Alexander Hall, where Carnegie was greeted enthusiastically by attending students (who had been given the day off). At one point, a group of students began to sing: Carnegie returned to Princeton the following spring to attend the lake's first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8326522", "chunk_text": "\"Carnegie Hall Jazz Band\"\nCarnegie Hall Jazz Band The Carnegie Hall Jazz Band was a big band organized in 1991 by George Wein. Its musical director was Jon Faddis. The group gave its first performance in October 1992, and gave concerts paying tribute to classic jazz musicians as well as new commissions or arrangements from living composers, including Muhal Richard Abrams, Toshiko Akiyoshi, Garnett Brown, John Clayton, Slide Hampton, Jimmy Heath, Dick Hyman, Jim McNeely, Randy Sandke, Maria Schneider, and Dennis Wilson. The band did worldwide tours in the period 1994-1996 and recorded several albums. It was active until 2002, when the new director", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8326523", "chunk_text": "\"Carnegie Hall Jazz Band\"\nof Carnegie Hall eliminated support for it in the 2002–2003 season. Carnegie Hall Jazz Band The Carnegie Hall Jazz Band was a big band organized in 1991 by George Wein. Its musical director was Jon Faddis. The group gave its first performance in October 1992, and gave concerts paying tribute to classic jazz musicians as well as new commissions or arrangements from living composers, including Muhal Richard Abrams, Toshiko Akiyoshi, Garnett Brown, John Clayton, Slide Hampton, Jimmy Heath, Dick Hyman, Jim McNeely, Randy Sandke, Maria Schneider, and Dennis Wilson. The band did worldwide tours in the period 1994-1996 and recorded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5991859", "chunk_text": "\"Opening Prayer\"\nto Aaron Stern. Bernstein conducted the New York Philharmonic in the premiere on 15 December 1986, with Kurt Ollmann as the baritone soloist. The long concert began with piano pieces by Chopin played by Vladimir Horowitz, had six songs sung by Frank Sinatra in the middle, and ended with the final movement from Mahler's \"\"Resurrection Symphony\"\", conducted by Zubin Mehta. Bernstein used the music later as a movement of his \"\"Jubilee Games\"\". He wrote that work first in two movements for the 50th anniversary of the Israel Philharmonic. He added \"\"Opening prayer\"\" as a middle movement in a revised version", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9836234", "chunk_text": "\"Werner Janssen\"\nWerner Janssen Hans-Werner Janssen (1 June 1899 – 19 September 1990) was an American conductor of classical music, and composer of classical music and film scores. He was the first New York born conductor to lead the New York Philharmonic. Janssen was born in New York City on 1 June 1899. His father was a New York restaurateur, founder of the Janssen Hof Brau Haus on Broadway. The family lived in Great Neck on King's Point Road next door to musician George M. Cohan. It was Cohan who encouraged young Werner to continue to play piano and explore his passion", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7059835", "chunk_text": "\"Walter Damrosch\"\nNathaniel Shilkret's payrolls show Mesnard played in Shilkret's orchestras for more than thirty radio broadcasts. Walter Damrosch Walter Johannes Damrosch (January 30, 1862 – December 22, 1950) was a German-born American conductor and composer. He is best remembered today as long-time director of the New York Symphony Orchestra and for conducting the world premiere performances of George Gershwin's \"\"Piano Concerto in F\"\" (1925) and \"\"An American in Paris\"\" (1928). Damrosch was also instrumental in the founding of Carnegie Hall. Damrosch was born in Breslau, Silesia, a son of Helene von Heimburg, a former opera singer, and the conductor Leopold Damrosch,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8952316", "chunk_text": "\"The Famous 1938 Carnegie Hall Jazz Concert\"\noutstanding. The title, mastered from preserved acetates, was among jazz's first double albums, first live recordings, and first to sell over a million copies. One of the earliest records of Benny Goodman music issued on the new \"\"long-playing\"\" format, the concert recording was also sold in a set of nine 45 rpm records in 1950 by Columbia. The subsequent discovery of the aluminum studio masters made from the original recording resulted in several high-quality CD reissues beginning in 1998. In late 1937, Goodman's publicist, Wynn Nathanson, suggested that Goodman and his band should play Carnegie Hall in New York City.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10524561", "chunk_text": "\"Organized-Audience Plan\"\nOrganized-Audience Plan was sometimes dubbed as \"\"a Carnegie Hall in every town.\"\" Some prominent artists started their careers by performing on the concert association circuit. The concept of the Organized-Audience Plan is often credited to Arthur Judson, at that time the manager of the Philadelphia Orchestra. In 1920 Judson experimented with the concert subscription model when he was asked by philanthropists Adolph Lewisohn and Minnie Guggenheimer to manage a concert series at City College Stadium which was geared toward creating affordable high quality music performances. In 1922, after being appointed as the manager of the New York Philharmonic, Judson began", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4886795", "chunk_text": "\"Steinway Hall\"\nStreet, between Sixth Avenue and Seventh Avenue in New York City (). The new Steinway building replaced the old Steinway Hall, which was closed in the same year. Steinway & Sons sales and marketing departments saw business benefits in having their piano showrooms near Carnegie Hall. Steinway pianos were played at both the intimate New Steinway Hall and the cavernous Carnegie Hall across 57th Street. The New Steinway Hall also introduced its own recording studio and technical equipment to broadcast classical music over the radio. The official opening night was on October 27, 1925, with a performance by Willem Mengelberg", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4914455", "chunk_text": "\"Werner Janssen\"\nHe died on 19 September 1990, at Stony Brook, New York). Werner Janssen Hans-Werner Janssen (1 June 1899 – 19 September 1990) was an American conductor of classical music, and composer of classical music and film scores. He was the first New York born conductor to lead the New York Philharmonic. Janssen was born in New York City on 1 June 1899. His father was a New York restaurateur, founder of the Janssen Hof Brau Haus on Broadway. The family lived in Great Neck on King's Point Road next door to musician George M. Cohan. It was Cohan who encouraged", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1519749", "chunk_text": "\"Young People's Concerts\"\nprogram. During that time period, the show went on the road multiple times, travelling to Philadelphia, London, Rotterdam, and Los Angeles. Leonard Bernstein brought the Young People's Concerts to a new level of attention when he arrived as conductor of the New York Philharmonic in 1958. Crucially, the first performance with him as music director, on January 18, 1958, at Carnegie Hall, New York City, was the first of these concerts to be televised. Beginning in 1962, the Young People's Concerts became the first series of concerts ever televised from Lincoln Center. Bernstein conducted a total of 53 such performances,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5328958", "chunk_text": "\"New York Philharmonic\"\nSymphony. This operation was performed by Arturo Toscanini himself. Fifty-seventh Street wallowed in panic and recrimination.\"\" Toscanini, who had guest-conducted for several seasons, became the sole conductor and in 1930 led the group on a European tour that brought immediate international fame to the orchestra. Toscanini remained music director until the spring of 1936, then returned several times as a guest conductor until 1945. That same year nationwide radio broadcasts began. The orchestra was first heard on CBS directly from Carnegie Hall. To broadcast the Sunday afternoon concerts, CBS paid $15,000 for the entire season. The radio broadcasts continued without", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9783063", "chunk_text": "\"New York Symphony Orchestra\"\nNew York Symphony Orchestra The New York Symphony Orchestra was founded as the New York Symphony Society in New York City by Leopold Damrosch in 1878. For many years it was a fierce rival to the older Philharmonic Symphony Society of New York (New York Philharmonic). It was supported by Andrew Carnegie who built Carnegie Hall (opened in 1891) expressly for the orchestra. The Symphony was known for performing more colorful French and Russian works than the Philharmonic, which excelled in German repertoire. Upon his death in 1885, Leopold Damrosch was succeeded as musical director by his son Walter Damrosch.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1117488", "chunk_text": "\"Carnegie Hall (film)\"\nCarnegie Hall (film) Carnegie Hall is a 1947 film directed by Edgar G. Ulmer. It stars Marsha Hunt and William Prince. Ulmer made \"\"Carnegie Hall\"\" with the help of conductor Fritz Reiner, godfather of the Ulmers' daughter, Arianné. The New York City concert venue Carnegie Hall serves as the film's setting for the plot and performances presented. A tribute to classical music and Carnegie Hall, the film features appearances by some of the prominent music figures of 20th century performing within the legendary concert hall. Based on a story by silent movie actress Seena Owen, \"\"Carnegie Hall\"\" follows the life", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2690803", "chunk_text": "\"Carnegie Hall\"\nHall is Sir Clive Gillinson, formerly managing director of the London Symphony Orchestra. Unexpectedly, for most concert-goers, it emerged in 1986 that Carnegie Hall had never consistently maintained an archive. Without a central repository, a significant portion of Carnegie Hall's documented history had been dispersed. In preparation for the celebration of Carnegie Hall's centennial in 1991, the management established the Carnegie Hall Archives. Rumor is that a pedestrian on Fifty-seventh Street, Manhattan, stopped Jascha Heifetz and inquired, \"\"Could you tell me how to get to Carnegie Hall?\"\" \"\"Yes,\"\" said Heifetz. \"\"Practice!\"\" This old joke has become part of the folklore", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16249025", "chunk_text": "\"The Glenn Miller Carnegie Hall Concert\"\nThe Glenn Miller Carnegie Hall Concert The Glenn Miller Carnegie Hall Concert is a live album by Glenn Miller and his Orchestra. It documents a live concert recorded in Carnegie Hall in 1939. The album was released by RCA Victor in 1958. The live album was released in 1958 by RCA Victor as LPM-1506, featuring Glenn Miller and his Orchestra with Ray Eberle and Marion Hutton on vocals. The album documents the band's concert at Carnegie Hall, recorded on Friday, October 6, 1939. Four orchestras performed at New York's Carnegie Hall that night to celebrate the 25th anniversary of ASCAP.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3145147", "chunk_text": "\"Music of New York City\"\nof the 19th century, modern conservatories opened in many cities, and New York became the home of the Metropolitan Opera House in 1882 and Carnegie Hall in 1891, the latter's opening being marked by an appearance by the famed Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. In 1892, Antonín Dvořák became Director of the National Conservatory of Music. Dvořák, a Bohemian composer, was fascinated with Native and African American folk music, and he was enthusiastic about encouraging a nationalist American field of music that utilized those fields. Dvořák only stayed on for three years before returning to Bohemia, though he influenced later", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7654576", "chunk_text": "\"Raymond Gniewek\"\nRaymond Gniewek Raymond Gniewek (born November 13, 1931 in East Meadow, New York ) is an American violinist. He served as concertmaster of the Metropolitan Opera orchestra for 43 years; upon his appointment in 1957 he was the youngest person to ever hold the post. He has also had a career as a soloist. His final performance as concertmaster with the orchestra was a concert performance in Carnegie Hall of Béla Bartók's \"\"Bluebeard's Castle\"\" in 2000. Gniewek is a native of New York City, where he began his musical education; he continued at the Eastman School of Music, studying with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9901850", "chunk_text": "\"Music of New York (state)\"\nto other venues at the time in Manhattan. Carnegie Hall was built in 1890 by a philanthropist by the name of Andrew Carnegie on Seventh Ave between West 56th Street and West 57th Street in the heart of Manhattan. The five-level music hall is well known for its Classical sound and has a plethora of notable performers such as B.B King, The Beatles, The New York Philharmonic, Duke Ellington, Billie Holiday, Tina Turner, and The Rolling Stones just to name a few. While these are many of the more significant music venues in the State of New York, there are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12955972", "chunk_text": "\"Judy at Carnegie Hall\"\nJudy at Carnegie Hall Judy at Carnegie Hall is a two-record live recording of a concert by Judy Garland at Carnegie Hall in New York, with backing orchestra led by Mort Lindsey. This concert appearance, on the night of Sunday April 23, 1961, has been called \"\"the greatest night in show business history\"\". Garland's live performances were a big success at the time and her record company wanted to capture that energy onto a recording. The double album became a hit, both critically and commercially. The album won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year, making Garland the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9818136", "chunk_text": "\"Isaac Stern\"\nand Stern was chosen as its first president, a title he held until his death. Carnegie Hall later named its main auditorium in his honor. Among Stern's many recordings are concertos by Brahms, Bach, Beethoven, Mendelssohn, Sibelius, Tchaikovsky, and Vivaldi and modern works by Barber, Bartók, Stravinsky, Bernstein, Rochberg, and Dutilleux. The Dutilleux concerto, entitled \"\"L'arbre des songes\"\" [\"\"The Tree of Dreams\"\"] was a 1985 commission by Stern himself. He also dubbed actors' violin-playing in several films, such as \"\"Fiddler on the Roof\"\". Stern served as musical advisor for the 1946 film, \"\"Humoresque\"\", about a rising violin star and his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2788526", "chunk_text": "\"Leonard Bernstein\"\nLeonard Bernstein Leonard Bernstein ( ; August 25, 1918 – October 14, 1990) was an American composer, conductor, author, music lecturer, and pianist. He was among the first conductors born and educated in the US to receive worldwide acclaim. According to music critic Donal Henahan, he was \"\"one of the most prodigiously talented and successful musicians in American history.\"\" His fame derived from his long tenure as the music director of the New York Philharmonic, from his conducting of concerts with most of the world's leading orchestras, and from his music for \"\"West Side Story\"\", \"\"Peter Pan\"\", \"\"Candide\"\", \"\"Wonderful Town\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7037414", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Tiboris\"\na dentist, was born in 1948 in Sheboygan, Wisconsin. Peter Tiboris Peter Ernest Tiboris is an American producer particularly noted for conducting and producing concerts at Carnegie Hall, Lincoln Center, and other classical music venues around the world, especially in Greece. He has conducted over 50 concerts in Carnegie Hall and at Lincoln Center and produced nearly 1300 concerts worldwide through the company he founded in 1983, MidAmerica Productions. Mr. Tiboris' concerts have been hailed by The New York Times as \"\"sizzling and precise,\"\" and \"\"vigorous...alert and energetic.\"\" Peter Tiboris was born in Sheboygan, Wisconsin, on October 31, 1947, to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4182769", "chunk_text": "\"Oratorio Society of New York\"\nHall since its opening in 1891. From its earliest days, the Society played an integral role in the musical life of the city, presenting its own concerts and performing at musically and historically significant events. In 1884 Andrew Carnegie joined the Society's board of directors, serving as its president from 1888 to 1919. Three years after joining the board (perhaps at the suggestion of his wife, Louise Whitfield Carnegie), a subscriber and supporter of the Society, or perhaps at the suggestion of Walter Damrosch who had taken over as conductor of the Society after his father's death in 1885, Carnegie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14397592", "chunk_text": "\"Ossy Renardy\"\nStates the same year. This came about after the wife of an American concert promoter heard Renardy on Italian radio. His New York debut was at The Town Hall on 8 January 1938, after first touring the mid-west states. His regular accompanist from this time onwards was Walter Robert (born Robert Walter Spitz, 1908, Trieste, d. 1999 Bloomington IN; Robert later had a long artistic association with Josef Gingold). At his Carnegie Hall debut on 10 October 1939, Ossy Renardy made an extraordinary impression when he played the Lalo \"\"Symphonie espagnole\"\", the Concerto in E minor by Nardini, and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16022091", "chunk_text": "\"Carnegie Hall\"\nalso rented out to performing groups. The hall has not had a resident company since 1962, when the New York Philharmonic moved to Lincoln Center's Philharmonic Hall (renamed Avery Fisher Hall in 1973 and David Geffen Hall in 2015). Carnegie Hall has 3,671 seats, divided among its three auditoriums. Carnegie Hall contains three distinct, separate performance spaces. The Isaac Stern Auditorium seats 2,804 on five levels and was named after violinist Isaac Stern in 1997 to recognize his efforts to save the hall from demolition in the 1960s. The hall is enormously high, and visitors to the top balcony must", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10920893", "chunk_text": "\"Allen Oxenburg\"\nArtistic Director and Gamson as the company's principal conductor. The company's first production was Claudio Monteverdi's \"\"L'incoronazione di Poppea\"\" for an audience of 50 in the drawing room of a mansion on 5th Avenue in New York City. These smaller concerts quickly became so popular that the AOS had to move to increasingly larger venues, ultimately using Carnegie Hall as the company's home. Oxenburg had a strong commitment to presenting operas that were rarely performed. As such, the AOS presented many operas to the American public for the first time, including the United States premieres of Benjamin Britten's \"\"Billy Budd\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2265750", "chunk_text": "\"Serenade to Music\"\nVaughan Williams conducted a performance of the original version of the \"\"Serenade\"\" during the inaugural concerts at the new Royal Festival Hall in 1951. The orchestra was the Liverpool Philharmonic and eleven of the original sixteen soloists sang; Ena Mitchell replaced Turner, Gladys Ripley replaced Balfour, and William Herbert, Richard Lewis and Stephen Manton replaced Titterton, Widdop and Jones. The performance was recorded and has been released on CD. For the opening of the Avery Fisher Hall, New York, on 23 September 1962, Leonard Bernstein conducted the New York Philharmonic, his programme including the \"\"Serenade to Music\"\". The soloists were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2690805", "chunk_text": "\"Carnegie Hall\"\nyou get to Carnegie Hall?' Without looking up and continuing on his way, Elman simply replied, 'Practice.'\"\" The hall's operating budget for the 2008–2009 season was $84 million. For 2007–2008, operating costs exceeded revenues from operations by $40.2 million. With funding from donors, investment income and government grants, the hall ended that season with $1.9 million more in total revenues than total costs. Several other concert halls also bear the Carnegie name. Carnegie Hall Carnegie Hall ( but more commonly ) is a concert venue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, United States, located at 881 Seventh Avenue, occupying", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18290537", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Tiboris\"\nPeter Tiboris Peter Ernest Tiboris is an American producer particularly noted for conducting and producing concerts at Carnegie Hall, Lincoln Center, and other classical music venues around the world, especially in Greece. He has conducted over 50 concerts in Carnegie Hall and at Lincoln Center and produced nearly 1300 concerts worldwide through the company he founded in 1983, MidAmerica Productions. Mr. Tiboris' concerts have been hailed by The New York Times as \"\"sizzling and precise,\"\" and \"\"vigorous...alert and energetic.\"\" Peter Tiboris was born in Sheboygan, Wisconsin, on October 31, 1947, to Ernest Peter Tiboris, a dentist, from Sheboygan, Wisconsin, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8952315", "chunk_text": "\"The Famous 1938 Carnegie Hall Jazz Concert\"\nThe Famous 1938 Carnegie Hall Jazz Concert The Famous 1938 Carnegie Hall Jazz Concert by Benny Goodman, Columbia Records catalogue item SL-160, is a two-disc LP of swing and jazz music recorded at Carnegie Hall in New York City on January 16, 1938. First issued in 1950, the landmark recording captured the premiere performance given by a big band in the famed concert venue. The event has been described as \"\"the single most important jazz or popular music concert in history: jazz's \"\"coming out\"\" party to the world of \"\"respectable\"\" music.\"\" Both critical and public reception of the performances was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "654677", "chunk_text": "\"Frank Damrosch\"\nFrank Damrosch Frank Heino Damrosch (June 22, 1859 – October 22, 1937) was a German-born American music conductor and educator. In 1905, Damrosch founded the New York Institute of Musical Art, which later became the Juilliard School. Damrosch was born on June 22, 1859 in Breslau, Silesia, the son of Helene von Heimburg, a former opera singer, and conductor Leopold Damrosch. He came to the United States with his father, brother, conductor Walter Damrosch, and sister, music teacher Clara Mannes, in 1871. His parents were Lutheran (his paternal grandfather was Jewish). He had studied music in Germany under Dionys Pruckner.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8952329", "chunk_text": "\"The Famous 1938 Carnegie Hall Jazz Concert\"\nget; with powerful, even thrilling, ambience.\"\" \"\"Tracks 20-28 are edited tracks from the 1938 concerts, pressed onto a 12\"\" 78 rpm record in 1950 and sent to radio stations to help promote the original double-album release. The Famous 1938 Carnegie Hall Jazz Concert The Famous 1938 Carnegie Hall Jazz Concert by Benny Goodman, Columbia Records catalogue item SL-160, is a two-disc LP of swing and jazz music recorded at Carnegie Hall in New York City on January 16, 1938. First issued in 1950, the landmark recording captured the premiere performance given by a big band in the famed concert venue.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8952324", "chunk_text": "\"The Famous 1938 Carnegie Hall Jazz Concert\"\nit on to Harry Smith's Artist's Recording Studio. There, acetate records were cut but each was limited to 8 minutes 45 seconds. (Some reports claim that a wire recorder was used to record the concert. This is false.) In order to capture the entire live concert, two record cutting turntables had to be used in relay. Smith only had two turntables, so he \"\"subcontracted\"\" the job to Raymond Scott's Universal Recording Studio. Scott received the same feed from CBS master control as did Smith. Thus, the concert was recorded on four different cutting machines --- alas, synchronization had not been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11841553", "chunk_text": "\"Everett Lee\"\nEverett Lee Everett Lee (born August 31, 1916) is an American conductor and violinist. He was the first African American to conduct a Broadway musical, the first to \"\"conduct an established symphony orchestra below the Mason–Dixon line\"\", and the first to conduct a performance by a major US opera company. Born in Wheeling, West Virginia, to a middle-class family, Lee moved with his parents to Cleveland, Ohio, in 1927 as part of the Great Migration. While working as a hotel busboy as a teenager, Lee met the conductor Artur Rodziński, who became his mentor. He studied violin at the Cleveland", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1117490", "chunk_text": "\"Carnegie Hall (film)\"\nconcerto, with Harry James as the soloist. Carnegie Hall (film) Carnegie Hall is a 1947 film directed by Edgar G. Ulmer. It stars Marsha Hunt and William Prince. Ulmer made \"\"Carnegie Hall\"\" with the help of conductor Fritz Reiner, godfather of the Ulmers' daughter, Arianné. The New York City concert venue Carnegie Hall serves as the film's setting for the plot and performances presented. A tribute to classical music and Carnegie Hall, the film features appearances by some of the prominent music figures of 20th century performing within the legendary concert hall. Based on a story by silent movie actress", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2690795", "chunk_text": "\"Carnegie Hall\"\nmaking him instantly famous. In the fall of 1950, the orchestra's weekly broadcast concerts were moved there until the orchestra disbanded in 1954. Several of the concerts were televised by NBC, preserved on kinescopes, and have been released on home video. Many legendary jazz and popular music performers have also given memorable performances at Carnegie Hall including Benny Goodman, Duke Ellington, Glenn Miller, Billie Holiday, Billy Eckstine, the Dave Brubeck Quartet, Violetta Villas, Judy Garland, Harry Belafonte, Charles Aznavour, Ike & Tina Turner, Paul Robeson, Nina Simone, Shirley Bassey, James Gang and Stevie Ray Vaughan, all of whom made celebrated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_338	host of the late show who was once a correspondent for the daily show?	n/a	[ "Stephen Colbert", "Craig Kilborn" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18005363", "chunk_text": "\"The Daily Show\"\npopular acclaim. Colbert would host the program until he was chosen to replace David Letterman as host of CBS's \"\"Late Show\"\" in 2015. Ed Helms, a former correspondent from 2002 to 2006, also starred on NBC's \"\"The Office\"\" and was a main character in the 2009 hit \"\"The Hangover\"\". After filling in as host during Stewart's two-month absence in the summer of 2013, John Oliver went on to host his own show on HBO, \"\"Last Week Tonight with John Oliver\"\". In 2016, former correspondent Samantha Bee launched her own late-night talk show \"\"Full Frontal with Samantha Bee\"\". Bee's husband Jason", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20158610", "chunk_text": "\"The Late Show (franchise)\"\nThe Late Show (franchise) The Late Show is an American late-night talk show franchise on CBS. It first aired in August 1993 with host David Letterman, who previously hosted \"\"Late Night with David Letterman\"\" on NBC from 1982 to 1993. Letterman's iteration of the program ran until his retirement on May 20, 2015. Comedian Stephen Colbert, best known for his roles on Comedy Central programs \"\"The Daily Show\"\" and \"\"The Colbert Report\"\", assumed hosting duties in September. The show originates from the Ed Sullivan Theater in the Theater District of Manhattan, New York, and airs live to tape in most", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19619044", "chunk_text": "\"The Daily Show\"\nThe Daily Show The Daily Show is an American late-night talk and news satire television program. It airs each Monday through Thursday on Comedy Central. Describing itself as a fake news program, \"\"The Daily Show\"\" draws its comedy and satire from recent news stories, political figures, media organizations, and often uses self-referential humor as well. The half-hour-long show premiered on July 21, 1996, and was first hosted by Craig Kilborn until December 17, 1998. Jon Stewart then took over as the host from January 11, 1999, until August 6, 2015, making the show more strongly focused on political satire and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19491897", "chunk_text": "\"Craig Kilborn\"\nCraig Kilborn Craig Kilborn (born August 24, 1962) is an American comedian, sports and political commentator, actor, and television host. He was the first host of \"\"The Daily Show\"\", a former anchor on ESPN's \"\"SportsCenter\"\", and Tom Snyder's successor on CBS' \"\"The Late Late Show\"\". On June 28, 2010, he launched \"\"The Kilborn File\"\" after a six-year absence from television. \"\"The Kilborn File\"\" aired on some Fox stations during a six-week trial run. In comedy, he is known for his deadpan delivery. The son of Shirley, a school teacher, and Hiram Kilborn, an insurance executive, Craig Kilborn was born in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10264123", "chunk_text": "\"The Daily Show\"\nin early 2019. \"\"The Daily Show\"\"’s satirical format has inspired international versions unaffiliated with Comedy Central. The Daily Show The Daily Show is an American late-night talk and news satire television program. It airs each Monday through Thursday on Comedy Central. Describing itself as a fake news program, \"\"The Daily Show\"\" draws its comedy and satire from recent news stories, political figures, media organizations, and often uses self-referential humor as well. The half-hour-long show premiered on July 21, 1996, and was first hosted by Craig Kilborn until December 17, 1998. Jon Stewart then took over as the host from January", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11334478", "chunk_text": "\"The Late Late Show (U.S. talk show)\"\nThe Late Late Show (U.S. talk show) The Late Late Show is an American late-night television talk and variety show on CBS. It first aired in January 1995, with host Tom Snyder, followed by Craig Kilborn and Craig Ferguson. It is currently hosted by James Corden. The show originates from CBS Television City in Los Angeles. The show differed from most of the other extant late-night talk shows during its first two decades on air in that it did not use a house band or an in-studio announcer. The traditional opening monologue also tended to be different from that of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "881452", "chunk_text": "\"Late Night (TV series)\"\nLate Night (TV series) Late Night is an American late-night talk and variety show airing on NBC since 1982. Four men have hosted \"\"Late Night\"\": David Letterman (1982–93), Conan O'Brien (1993–2009), Jimmy Fallon (2009–14), and Seth Meyers (2014–present). Each iteration of the show was built around its host, and maintained distinct identities aside from the title. The longest-serving host to date was O'Brien, who hosted \"\"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\"\" for 16 years, from September 1993 to February 2009. The show replaced \"\"The Tomorrow Show\"\", hosted by Tom Snyder (and later co-hosted by Rona Barrett), on Mondays through Thursdays. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15111952", "chunk_text": "\"The Late Late Show (U.S. talk show)\"\nwas his production company, Worldwide Pants, which selected previous hosts. With Letterman's departure, CBS became the sole producer of the show. The Late Late Show (U.S. talk show) The Late Late Show is an American late-night television talk and variety show on CBS. It first aired in January 1995, with host Tom Snyder, followed by Craig Kilborn and Craig Ferguson. It is currently hosted by James Corden. The show originates from CBS Television City in Los Angeles. The show differed from most of the other extant late-night talk shows during its first two decades on air in that it did", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18972223", "chunk_text": "\"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert\"\nMichigan, interviewing Eminem. Colbert has been given near-full control of the show, with little interference from CBS management in regard to format. Colbert brought most of his staff from \"\"The Colbert Report\"\" with him to \"\"The Late Show\"\", as well as outsiders such as Brian Stack, who is best known for his work on Conan O'Brien's programs, and Jon Stewart, former host of Colbert's previous sister program \"\"The Daily Show\"\", who is credited as executive producer. Colbert no longer uses the character he had portrayed on \"\"The Colbert Report\"\", jokingly remarking to Jeb Bush that \"\"I used to play a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "884539", "chunk_text": "\"Late Night (TV series)\"\nthe Late Night Writing Staff\"\", a character Lena Dunham portrays on the HBO TV series \"\"Girls\"\". Late Night (TV series) Late Night is an American late-night talk and variety show airing on NBC since 1982. Four men have hosted \"\"Late Night\"\": David Letterman (1982–93), Conan O'Brien (1993–2009), Jimmy Fallon (2009–14), and Seth Meyers (2014–present). Each iteration of the show was built around its host, and maintained distinct identities aside from the title. The longest-serving host to date was O'Brien, who hosted \"\"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\"\" for 16 years, from September 1993 to February 2009. The show replaced \"\"The Tomorrow", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6264094", "chunk_text": "\"Bob Wiltfong\"\nBob Wiltfong Robert \"\"Bob\"\" Wiltfong (born November 26, 1969) is an American actor and comedian best known for his work as a correspondent on \"\"The Daily Show\"\" on Comedy Central, as well as appearances on \"\"Chappelle's Show\"\" and \"\"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\"\". Wiltfong was a true-life newscaster for 10 years, making him the first correspondent in \"\" Daily Show\"\" history to have worked as a traditional news reporter. It's said he subsequently made an exit from the world of non-satirical journalism after the September 11, 2001 attacks caused him to realize he did not enjoy his career. He also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15582627", "chunk_text": "\"Late-night talk show\"\nby Conan O'Brien, in 2009. Leno explained that he did not want to see a repeat of the hard feelings and controversy that occurred when he was given the show over David Letterman following Carson's retirement in 1992. O'Brien's last \"\"Late Night\"\" episode was taped on February 20, 2009. Former Saturday Night Live alum Jimmy Fallon took over as host of \"\"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\"\" on March 2, 2009. The Colbert Report that aired four days a week on Comedy Central from October 17, 2005, was hosted by Stephen Colbert, one of the regulars on Comedy Central's The Daily", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1727608", "chunk_text": "\"Stephen Colbert\"\nStephen Colbert Stephen Tyrone Colbert ( ; born May 13, 1964) is an American comedian, writer, producer, actor, and television host. He is best known for hosting the satirical Comedy Central program \"\"The Colbert Report\"\" from 2005 to 2014 and the CBS talk program \"\"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert\"\" beginning in September 2015. Colbert originally studied to be a dramatic actor, but became interested in improvisational theatre while attending Northwestern University, where he met Second City director Del Close. Colbert first performed professionally as an understudy for Steve Carell at Second City Chicago, where his troupe mates included Paul", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19381636", "chunk_text": "\"The Daily Show\"\nto between .1 and .2, the ratings are lower than before Jon Stewart took over the show from Craig Kilborn. On December 8, 2015, former host Jon Stewart returned to \"\"The Daily Show\"\" for the first time in an extended-length show to return attention to extending the James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act, otherwise referred to as 9/11 First Responders Bill, which Stewart explained had been blocked by Paul Ryan and Mitch McConnell for political reasons. On October 20, 2016, Noah was unable to host a scheduled taping of \"\"The Daily Show\"\" due to illness, so correspondent Jordan Klepper", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1567838", "chunk_text": "\"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert\"\nand 10:35 Central. Prior to Colbert's assumption of hosting duties, David Letterman had been host of \"\"Late Show\"\" for 22 years, dating to his arrival at CBS in 1993. CBS had not had a regular late-night talk show for most of its existence prior to that point, with only one attempt (the short-lived \"\"Pat Sajak Show\"\" in 1990) between 1972 and Letterman's arrival. Letterman, who joined CBS from NBC after ending his eleven-year run as host of \"\"Late Night\"\" and losing out on being Johnny Carson's successor on \"\"The Tonight Show\"\" to Jay Leno, was initially competitive with his show's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3279738", "chunk_text": "\"Conan O'Brien\"\nConan O'Brien Conan Christopher O'Brien (born April 18, 1963) is an American television host, comedian, writer, and producer. He is best known for hosting several late-night talk shows; since 2010, he has hosted \"\"Conan\"\" on the cable channel TBS. O'Brien was born in Brookline, Massachusetts, and was raised in an Irish Catholic family. He served as president of \"\"The Harvard Lampoon\"\" while attending Harvard University, and was a writer for the sketch comedy series \"\"Not Necessarily the News\"\". After writing for several comedy shows in Los Angeles, he joined the writing staff of \"\"Saturday Night Live\"\". O'Brien was a writer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11791186", "chunk_text": "\"Late-night talk show\"\nJon Stewart Show\"\", hosted by Jon Stewart, which ran until 1995. Letterman initially won the late night ratings battle but fell behind Leno in 1995; Leno generally remained in first place until first leaving \"\"Tonight\"\" in 2009. To combat NBC's \"\"Late Night\"\", David Letterman created \"\"The Late Late Show\"\" to follow Letterman at 12:37; the first host was former host of \"\"The Tomorrow Show\"\" Tom Snyder, who hosted the show using the same format he had used on \"\"Tomorrow\"\" until his departure in 1999. \"\"The Late Late Show's\"\" second host, Craig Kilborn, followed a more conventional (albeit low-budget) late-night format;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14751025", "chunk_text": "\"Late-night talk show\"\nthe end of the previous contract, which ended in 2014, but had also stated he will stay on with the show if asked (and subsequently did so). Letterman was succeeded by Stephen Colbert, who had hosted Comedy Central's \"\"The Colbert Report\"\" since 2005. Craig Ferguson retired from late night on December 19, 2014; on September 8, 2014, British comedian James Corden was announced as the new host of \"\"The Late Late Show\"\" beginning in 2015. Jon Stewart's contract with Comedy Central also expired in 2015, at which point Stewart retired from on-camera work (later moving to Colbert's \"\"The Late Show\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10264299", "chunk_text": "\"Jon Stewart\"\nMost Influential Man of 2010 by AskMen. Jon Stewart Jon Stewart (born Jonathan Stuart Leibowitz; November 28, 1962) is an American comedian, writer, producer, director, political commentator, actor, and television host. He hosted \"\"The Daily Show\"\", a satirical news program on Comedy Central, from 1999 to 2015. Stewart started as a stand-up comedian but branched into television as host of \"\"Short Attention Span Theater\"\" for Comedy Central. He went on to host \"\"The Jon Stewart Show\"\" and then \"\"You Wrote It, You Watch It\"\", both on MTV. Stewart has also had several film roles as an actor but did few", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18005729", "chunk_text": "\"Jon Stewart\"\nJon Stewart Jon Stewart (born Jonathan Stuart Leibowitz; November 28, 1962) is an American comedian, writer, producer, director, political commentator, actor, and television host. He hosted \"\"The Daily Show\"\", a satirical news program on Comedy Central, from 1999 to 2015. Stewart started as a stand-up comedian but branched into television as host of \"\"Short Attention Span Theater\"\" for Comedy Central. He went on to host \"\"The Jon Stewart Show\"\" and then \"\"You Wrote It, You Watch It\"\", both on MTV. Stewart has also had several film roles as an actor but did few cinematic projects after becoming host of \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18005362", "chunk_text": "\"The Daily Show\"\nits run and is notable for boosting the careers of several of these. Scott Dikkers, editor-in-chief of \"\"The Onion\"\", describes it as a key launching pad for comedic talent, saying that \"\"I don't know if there's a better show you could put on your resume right now.\"\" Steve Carell, who was a correspondent between 1999 and 2005 before moving on to a movie career and starring television role in \"\"The Office\"\", credits Stewart and \"\"The Daily Show\"\" with his success. In 2005, the show's longest-serving correspondent, Stephen Colbert, became the host of the spin-off \"\"The Colbert Report\"\", earning critical and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19381611", "chunk_text": "\"The Daily Show\"\non MTV (\"\"You Wrote It, You Watch It\"\" and an eponymous talk show), as well as a syndicated late-night talk show, and had been cast in films and television. In taking over hosting from Kilborn, Stewart initially retained much of the same staff and on-air talent, allowing many pieces to transition without much trouble, while other features like \"\"God Stuff\"\", with John Bloom presenting an assortment of actual clips from various televangelists, and \"\"Backfire\"\", an in-studio debate between Brian Unger and A. Whitney Brown, evolved into the similar pieces of \"\"This Week in God\"\" and Stephen Colbert and Steve Carell's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15345799", "chunk_text": "\"Michael Che\"\n17, 2018, Che co-hosted the Emmy Awards with Colin Jost. Michael Che Michael Che (born Michael Che Campbell; May 19, 1983) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, and writer best known for his work on \"\"Saturday Night Live\"\", where he serves as co-anchor on \"\"Weekend Update\"\" and co-head writer. Che and Colin Jost were named co-hosts of the 70th Emmy Awards for 2018. He was briefly a correspondent for \"\"The Daily Show with Jon Stewart\"\", and has previously worked as a writer for \"\"Saturday Night Live\"\". At the end of September 2014, he became a \"\"Weekend Update\"\" co-anchor for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19619055", "chunk_text": "\"The Daily Show\"\nfirst time, under Noah, the show also went live after all three U.S. presidential debates in 2016. In the show's third act, the host conducts an interview with a celebrity guest. Guests come from a wide range of cultural sources, and include actors, musicians, authors, athletes, pundits, policy experts and political figures. During Stewart's tenure, the show's guests tended away from celebrities and more towards non-fiction authors and political pundits, as well as many prominent elected officials. In the show's earlier years it struggled to book high-profile politicians. (In 1999, for an \"\"Indecision 2000\"\" segment, Steve Carell struggled to talk", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19381890", "chunk_text": "\"The Daily Show\"\nstudio), who gave his official blessing for the show. This is also the first and still only franchise of \"\"The Daily Show\"\". The 'Dutch Edition' didn't make it past the test run of 12 episodes due to lack of viewers. A spin-off, \"\"The Colbert Report\"\", was announced in early May 2005. The show starred former correspondent Stephen Colbert, and served as Comedy Central's answer to the programs of media pundits such as Bill O'Reilly. Colbert, Stewart, and Ben Karlin developed the idea for the show based on a series of faux television commercials that had been created for an earlier", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20158621", "chunk_text": "\"The Late Show (franchise)\"\nCity. A deal to keep the show at the Ed Sullivan Theater, which includes $16,000,000 in state tax incentives over a five-year period, was made official on July 23, 2014. Jon Batiste is the bandleader for Colbert's tenure. Pre-production material program added the definite article \"\"The,\"\" spoken in most references during Letterman's time as host but not displayed on-screen, to the show's name under Colbert. The Late Show (franchise) The Late Show is an American late-night talk show franchise on CBS. It first aired in August 1993 with host David Letterman, who previously hosted \"\"Late Night with David Letterman\"\" on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4796866", "chunk_text": "\"The Late Late Show (U.S. talk show)\"\nthe recommendation of Peter Lassally. Following the conclusion of the on-air auditions on December 3, 2004, guest hosts continued to fill out the roster until the end of the year and included: Jason Alexander, Donal Logue, David Alan Grier, Aisha Tyler, Drew Carey, Sara Rue, John Witherspoon, Joe Buck, Susan Sarandon, Don Cheadle, Daryl Mitchell, Bob Saget, Jim Rome, Ana Gasteyer, Damien Fahey and D.L. Hughley. Under Craig Ferguson's tenure as host, the show started with a cold open, followed by opening credits and a commercial break. A loose comic monologue then followed, consistently including a greeting (\"\"Welcome to Los", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14751014", "chunk_text": "\"Late-night talk show\"\nagainst Carson with a late night talk show, instead counterprogramming with a successful news magazine entitled \"\"Nightline\"\" beginning in 1980. Carson retired as host of \"\"The Tonight Show\"\" in 1992 following his 30th anniversary as host. This garnered major media attention and speculation on who would replace Carson. The two candidates were David Letterman (host of \"\"Late Night\"\" since 1982) and Jay Leno (Carson's regular guest host since 1987). Leno was eventually chosen, leading to Letterman leaving the network to launch a directly competitive late-night talk show, the \"\"Late Show with David Letterman\"\" on CBS in 1993. \"\"The Tonight Show", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19381609", "chunk_text": "\"The Daily Show\"\nThere were bound to be problems. I viewed the show as content-driven; he viewed it as host-driven\"\", she said. In a 1997 \"\"Esquire\"\" magazine interview, Kilborn made a sexually explicit joke about Winstead. Comedy Central responded by suspending Kilborn without pay for one week, and Winstead quit soon after. In 1998, Kilborn left \"\"The Daily Show\"\" to replace Tom Snyder on CBS's \"\"The Late Late Show\"\". He claimed the \"\"Five Questions\"\" interview segment as intellectual property, disallowing any future \"\"Daily Show\"\" hosts from using it in their interviews. Correspondents Brian Unger and A. Whitney Brown left the show shortly before", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19491907", "chunk_text": "\"Craig Kilborn\"\nIn 2011, Kilborn played the villain in an episode of the television show \"\"Chuck\"\" during its final season. Kilborn guest hosted \"\"The Artie Lange Show\"\" on November 6–8, 2013. He appeared in a TV commercial for Kraft Macaroni & Cheese in 2016. Craig Kilborn Craig Kilborn (born August 24, 1962) is an American comedian, sports and political commentator, actor, and television host. He was the first host of \"\"The Daily Show\"\", a former anchor on ESPN's \"\"SportsCenter\"\", and Tom Snyder's successor on CBS' \"\"The Late Late Show\"\". On June 28, 2010, he launched \"\"The Kilborn File\"\" after a six-year absence", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19619094", "chunk_text": "\"The Daily Show\"\npoint the title of \"\"The Daily Show\"\" was restored. Starting in June 2013 Jon Stewart took a twelve-week break to direct \"\"Rosewater\"\", a drama about a journalist jailed by Iran for four months. John Oliver replaced Stewart at the anchor desk for two months, to be followed by one month of reruns. Oliver received positive reviews for his hosting, leading to his departure from the show in December 2013 for his own show \"\"Last Week Tonight with John Oliver\"\", which debuted April 27, 2014 on HBO. On February 10, 2015, Stewart announced that he would be leaving the show later", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19381633", "chunk_text": "\"The Daily Show\"\nstanding in front of a screen as opposed to sitting at the desk. Trevor also increased the usage of more millennial-based references, impersonations and characterizations for his comedy on the show, due to his younger demographic and his ability to speak in multiple accents and eight languages. The debut of \"\"The Daily Show with Trevor Noah\"\" brought along three new correspondents: Roy Wood Jr., Desi Lydic and Ronny Chieng. Additional correspondents were added in 2017. Michael Kosta became the Senior Constitutional Correspondent and Senior American Correspondent in July 11, 2017. Dulcé Sloan became the Senior Fashion Correspondent in September 7,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19619045", "chunk_text": "\"The Daily Show\"\nnews satire, in contrast with the pop culture focus during Kilborn's tenure. Stewart was succeeded by Trevor Noah, whose tenure premiered on September 28, 2015. Under different hosts, the show has been formally known as \"\"The Daily Show with Jon Stewart\"\" from 1999 until 2015, and \"\"The Daily Show with Trevor Noah\"\" since 2015. \"\"The Daily Show\"\" is the longest-running program on Comedy Central (counting all three tenures), and has won 24 Primetime Emmy Awards. The program is popular among young audiences. The Pew Research Center suggested in 2010 that 74% of regular viewers were between 18 and 49, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19619272", "chunk_text": "\"The Daily Show\"\nthe retirement of David Letterman. The final episode of \"\"The Colbert Report\"\" aired on December 18, 2014. On May 9, 2014 it was announced that Larry Wilmore had been selected to host a show on Comedy Central to serve as a replacement for \"\"The Colbert Report\"\". On January 19, 2015 Wilmore began hosting \"\"The Nightly Show with Larry Wilmore\"\", a late-night panel talk show. It was produced by Busboy Productions. On August 15, 2016, Comedy Central announced that Wilmore's show had been cancelled. The show ended on August 18, 2016, with a total of 259 episodes. On April 4, 2017,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3328271", "chunk_text": "\"The Late Late Show (U.S. talk show)\"\nfor him to succeed. With Kilborn only announcing in early August that he would not be returning to the \"\"Late Late Show\"\" in the fall, CBS and Worldwide Pants executives decided to have a series of guest hosts helm the show in on-air auditions. While initially saying they would choose a permanent host by the end of October, the process ended up extending into December. Drew Carey was the first guest host on September 20, 2004 and again the following night. Subsequent guest hosts included: Jason Alexander, Jeff Altman, Tom Arnold, Michael Ian Black, Tom Caltabiano, Adam Carolla, Tom Dreesen,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18937037", "chunk_text": "\"Late Night with David Letterman\"\nLate Night with David Letterman Late Night with David Letterman is an American late-night talk show hosted by David Letterman. It premiered on NBC on February 1, 1982, and concluded on June 25, 1993. Letterman began hosting \"\"Late Show with David Letterman\"\" on CBS in August 1993. The series has since been reformatted as \"\"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\"\", \"\"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\"\" and \"\"Late Night with Seth Meyers\"\". In 2013, this series and \"\"Late Show with David Letterman\"\" were ranked #41 on TV Guide's 60 Best Series of All Time. After his morning show on NBC was canceled", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11725437", "chunk_text": "\"Michael Che\"\nMichael Che Michael Che (born Michael Che Campbell; May 19, 1983) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, and writer best known for his work on \"\"Saturday Night Live\"\", where he serves as co-anchor on \"\"Weekend Update\"\" and co-head writer. Che and Colin Jost were named co-hosts of the 70th Emmy Awards for 2018. He was briefly a correspondent for \"\"The Daily Show with Jon Stewart\"\", and has previously worked as a writer for \"\"Saturday Night Live\"\". At the end of September 2014, he became a \"\"Weekend Update\"\" co-anchor for the 40th season of \"\"Saturday Night Live\"\", alongside Colin Jost and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14742783", "chunk_text": "\"David Letterman\"\nDavid Letterman David Michael Letterman (born April 12, 1947) is an American television host, comedian, writer, and producer. He hosted late night television talk shows for 33 years, beginning with the February 1, 1982, debut of \"\"Late Night with David Letterman\"\" on NBC, and ending with the May 20, 2015, broadcast of \"\"Late Show with David Letterman\"\" on CBS. In total, Letterman hosted 6,028 episodes of \"\"Late Night\"\" and \"\"Late Show\"\", surpassing friend and mentor Johnny Carson as the longest-serving late night talk show host in American television history. In 1996 Letterman was ranked 45th on \"\"TV Guide\"\"s 50 Greatest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4714515", "chunk_text": "\"David Letterman\"\n\"\"Late Show\"\" was NBC's \"\"The Tonight Show\"\", which was hosted by Jay Leno for 22 years, but from June 1, 2009, to January 22, 2010, was hosted by Conan O'Brien. In 1993 and 1994, the \"\"Late Show\"\" consistently gained higher ratings than \"\"The Tonight Show\"\". But in 1995, ratings dipped and Leno's show consistently beat Letterman's in the ratings from the time that Hugh Grant came on Leno's show after Grant's arrest for soliciting a prostitute; Leno typically attracted about five million nightly viewers between 1999 and 2009. The \"\"Late Show\"\" lost nearly half its audience during its competition with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19619103", "chunk_text": "\"The Daily Show\"\nguest hosted. On November 16, 2017, Stewart once again returned to \"\"The Daily Show\"\", in part as a parody of the robocalls of fake \"\"Washington Post\"\" reporter \"\"Bernie Bernstein\"\" and to promote \"\"Night of Too Many Stars\"\" on HBO. The show's correspondents have two principal roles: experts with satirical senior titles that Noah interviews about certain issues, or hosts of field reporting segments which often involve humorous commentary and interviews relating to a current issue. The current team of correspondents collectively known as \"\"The World’s Fakest News Team\"\" (formerly known as \"\"The Best F#@king News Team Ever\"\") includes Ronny Chieng,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18346882", "chunk_text": "\"Trevor Noah\"\nTrevor Noah Trevor Noah (born 20 February 1984) is a South African television and radio host, political commentator, and comedian. He is known for hosting \"\"The Daily Show\"\", an American satirical news program on Comedy Central. Born in Johannesburg, Noah began his career as a comedian, presenter, and actor in his native South Africa in 2002. He held several television hosting roles with the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC), and was the runner-up in their fourth season of \"\"Strictly Come Dancing\"\" in 2008. From 2010 to 2011, Noah was the creator and host of \"\"Tonight with Trevor Noah\"\" on M-Net", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15111948", "chunk_text": "\"The Late Late Show (U.S. talk show)\"\nArnett, comedian Wayne Brady, comedian Whitney Cummings, comedian Jim Gaffigan, comedian Billy Gardell, actor Sean Hayes, comedian Thomas Lennon, musician John Mayer, actor Kunal Nayyar, actor Adam Pally, actress Lauren Graham, and broadcaster Regis Philbin. In addition, the daytime show \"\"The Talk\"\" aired a special late night version in the week of January 12. Peter Lassally remained executive producer during this period and retired from television after a six decade career with the taping of Arnett's show on February 20, 2015, in which Lassally appeared in a cameo. Shows that aired for the rest of February, into March, had been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18937185", "chunk_text": "\"The Tonight Show\"\nThe Tonight Show The Tonight Show is an American late-night talk show currently broadcast from the NBC Studios in Rockefeller Center in New York City, the show's original location (a tradition interrupted by decades of emanating from various studios in the Los Angeles region) and airing on NBC since 1954. The series has been hosted, in consecutive order, by six comedians: Steve Allen (1954–1957), Jack Paar (1957–1962), Johnny Carson (1962–1992, 4,531 episodes), Jay Leno (twice: 1992–2009 and again 2010–2014, 4,610 episodes total), Conan O'Brien (2009–2010, 146 episodes, 1 unaired), and Jimmy Fallon (2014–present), and had several recurring guest hosts including", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19381610", "chunk_text": "\"The Daily Show\"\nhim, but the majority of the show's crew and writing staff stayed on. Kilborn's last show as host aired on December 17, 1998, ending a 386-episode tenure. Reruns were shown until Jon Stewart's debut four weeks later. Kilborn made a short appearance on Jon Stewart's final edition of the \"\"Daily Show\"\" saying \"\"I knew you were going to run this thing into the ground.\"\" Comedian Jon Stewart took over as host of the show, which was retitled \"\"The Daily Show with Jon Stewart\"\", on January 11, 1999. Stewart had previously hosted \"\"Short Attention Span Theater\"\" on Comedy Central, two shows", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18346883", "chunk_text": "\"Trevor Noah\"\nand DStv. His stand-up comedy career attained international success, leading to appearances on American late-night talk shows and British panel shows. In 2014, Noah became the Senior International Correspondent for \"\"The Daily Show\"\", and the following year, he succeeded long-time host Jon Stewart and is set to remain in this position up until 2022. Noah's autobiographical comedy book \"\"Born a Crime\"\" was published in 2016 and garnered critical acclaim. Noah was named one of \"\"The 35 Most Powerful People in New York Media\"\" by \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\" in 2017 and 2018. In 2018, \"\"Time\"\" magazine named him one of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14305063", "chunk_text": "\"Bob Wiltfong\"\nad campaign for Nationwide Insurance, playing the Nationwide spokesman in a series of nationally broadcast television commercials that aired throughout 2010. Bob Wiltfong Robert \"\"Bob\"\" Wiltfong (born November 26, 1969) is an American actor and comedian best known for his work as a correspondent on \"\"The Daily Show\"\" on Comedy Central, as well as appearances on \"\"Chappelle's Show\"\" and \"\"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\"\". Wiltfong was a true-life newscaster for 10 years, making him the first correspondent in \"\" Daily Show\"\" history to have worked as a traditional news reporter. It's said he subsequently made an exit from the world", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11334485", "chunk_text": "\"The Late Late Show (U.S. talk show)\"\nthe show was reformatted to resemble \"\"Letterman\"\" and other major late-night talk programs. Craig Kilborn took over in March 1999, having left \"\"The Daily Show\"\" to become the new \"\"Late Late Show\"\" host (previously he was an anchor on ESPN's \"\"SportsCenter\"\"). When Kilborn was on the show, it began with an image of a full moon wavering behind gray stratus clouds, to the tuning of an orchestra, while the announcer—the recorded, modulated voice of Kilborn himself—blurted out, \"\"\"\"From the gorgeous, gorgeous Hollywood Hills in sunny California, it's your \"\"Late Late Show\"\" with Craig Kilborn. Tonight,\"\"\"\" and then the guests were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "24509", "chunk_text": "\"The Colbert Report\"\nmultiple best-selling books. \"\"The Colbert Report\"\" satirized conservative personality-driven political pundit programs, and focused on a fictional anchorman character named Stephen Colbert, played by his real-life namesake. The character first made appearances on the short-lived sketch comedy series \"\"The Dana Carvey Show\"\" in 1996, described as \"\"a self-important, trench-coated reporter who does on-location stories in a way that suggests his own presence is the real scoop.\"\" Colbert joined Comedy Central's \"\"The Daily Show\"\" in 1997, a year following its launch, then hosted by Craig Kilborn. When Jon Stewart became the program's host in 1999, \"\"The Daily Show\"\" developed a markedly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7112520", "chunk_text": "\"The War for Late Night\"\nThe War for Late Night The War for Late Night: When Leno Went Early and Television Went Crazy is a 2010 non-fiction book written by \"\"The New York Times\"\" media reporter Bill Carter. It chronicles the 2010 conflict surrounding the American late-night talk show \"\"The Tonight Show\"\" involving Conan O'Brien and Jay Leno. It is a sequel to Carter's 1994 book \"\"The Late Shift\"\", which detailed the struggle for the hosting spot on \"\"The Tonight Show\"\" between David Letterman and Jay Leno in the early 1990s following the retirement of Johnny Carson. It was first published on November 4, 2010,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19619093", "chunk_text": "\"The Daily Show\"\na member of the Writers Guild of America, Stewart was barred from writing any material for the show himself which he or his writers would ordinarily write. As a result, Stewart and the correspondents largely ad-libbed the show around planned topics. In an effort to fill time while keeping to the strike-related restrictions, the show aired or re-aired some previously recorded segments, and Stewart engaged in a briefly recurring mock feud with fellow late-night hosts Stephen Colbert and Conan O'Brien. The strike officially ended on February 12, 2008, with the show's writers returning to work the following day, at which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_339	where did students for a democratic society start?	n/a	[ "Ann Arbor, Michigan" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14038113", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society\"\nStudents for a Democratic Society Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) was a national student activist organization in the United States that was one of the main representations of the New Left. Founded in 1960, the organization developed and expanded rapidly in the mid-1960s before dissolving at its last convention in 1969. SDS has been an important influence on student organizing in the decades since its collapse. Participatory democracy, direct action, radicalism, student power, shoestring budgets, and its organizational structure are all present in varying degrees in current American student activist groups. Though various organizations have been formed in subsequent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17085588", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society (2006 organization)\"\na series of actions supporting Immigrant Rights. SDS chapters, such as at Brandeis, Connecticut College, and Harvard coordinated with large coalitions of students to strike and walk out of their classes on May Day. The newly formed SDS held its first national convention from August 4 to August 7, 2006 at the University of Chicago. In early March 2007, SDS members and allies in Tacoma, Washington led a blockade of the Port of Tacoma, where the US military was loading Stryker vehicles onto ships to be transported to Iraq. After confrontations every night for a week, the police broke the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19650732", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society (2006 organization)\"\nStudents for a Democratic Society (2006 organization) New Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) is a United States student organization representing left wing ideals. It takes its name and inspiration from the original SDS of 1960–1969, then the largest radical student organization in US history. The contemporary SDS is a distinct youth and student-led organization with over 120 chapters worldwide. Beginning January 2006, a movement to revive the Students for a Democratic Society took shape. Two high school students, Jessica Rapchik and Pat Korte, decided to reach out to former members of the \"\"Sixties\"\" SDS, to re-establish a student movement", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14038148", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society\"\n\"\"We want our rights and we want them now! That fall saw a great escalation of the anti-war actions of the New Left. The school year started with a large demonstration against university complicity in the war in allowing Dow recruiters on campus at the University of Wisconsin in Madison on October 17. Peaceful at first, the demonstrations turned to a sit-in that was violently dispersed by the Madison police and riot squad, resulting in many injuries and arrests. A mass rally and a student strike then closed the university for several days. A coordinated series of demonstrations against the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14038133", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society\"\nand the openness of the organization in allowing other groups, even communist front groups, or communists themselves, to join in caused great strains with the LID and some other old left organizations. The first teach-in against the war was held in the University of Michigan. Soon hundreds more, all over the country, were held. The demonstration in Washington, D.C. attracted about 25,000 anti-war protesters and SDS became the leading student group against the war on most U.S. campuses. Representing its move into the heartland, the 1965 summer convention was held at Kewadin, a small camp in Northern Michigan. Moreover, its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14038123", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society\"\nmembership was deleted from the SDS constitution. During the summer of 1965 delegates from SDS and the LID met in Chicago and New York. The League for Industrial Democracy, SDS's sponsoring organization, objected to the removal of the exclusion clause in the SDS constitution, as SDS benefited from LID's non-profit status, which excluded political activity. By mutual agreement the relationship was severed October 4, 1965. In the academic year 1962–1963, the President was Tom Hayden, the Vice President was Paul Booth and the National Secretary was Jim Monsonis. There were nine chapters with, at most, about 1000 members. The national", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14038114", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society\"\nyears as proposed national networks for left-wing student organizing, none has approached the scale of SDS, and most have lasted a few years at best. A new incarnation of SDS was founded in 2006. SDS developed from the Student League for Industrial Democracy (SLID), the youth branch of a socialist educational organization known as the League for Industrial Democracy (LID). LID descended from the Intercollegiate Socialist Society, started in 1905. Early in 1960, the SLID changed its name into SDS at the behest of its then acting Director, Aryeh Neier. The phrase \"\"industrial democracy\"\" sounded too narrow and too labor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14038151", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society\"\nRevolt, the organization was put on the map politically and \"\"SDS\"\" became a household name in the United States for a few years. Membership in SDS chapters around the United States increased dramatically during the 1968-69 academic year. Led by the Worker-Student Alliance and rival Joe Hill caucuses, SDS in San Francisco played a major role in the Third World Student Strike at San Francisco State College. This strike, the longest student strike in U.S. history, led to the creation of Black and other ethnic studies programs on campuses across the country. SDS members from Austin, Texas participated in a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3405659", "chunk_text": "\"Students For Society\"\nStudents For Society The Students For Society (SFS) was founded in Panjab University, Chandigarh on 28 September 2010 as a students' discussion group for holding discussions on books and social issues, on the 103rd birth anniversary of Bhagat Singh. It rejected the politics of muscle and money power by mainstream political parties in University. It also rejected the politics of those who were trying to get votes by offering movie shows, dinners, trips and beauty parlour coupons. SFS takes out its rallies on foot with singing of slogans with a Tambourine (\"\"Dafli\"\") while other parties took out rallies in cars.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14038163", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society\"\nIt warned readers against police agents sent into the anti-Vietnam War movement to foment violence to justify police attacks. It also sharply criticized the \"\"Weathermen\"\", which had begun its campaign of bombings. On June 26, 1972, the US Supreme Court gave a unanimous opinion, in the case Healy v. James, stating that members of the SDS had been unconstitutionally deprived of their First Amendment right to freedom of assembly when a group was denied permission to form on the campus of Central Connecticut State College in New Britain, Connecticut. A few early SDS leaders went on to careers as Democratic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14038135", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society\"\na result, the National Office's leadership fell into ineffectual chaos. The League for Industrial Democracy, SDS's nominal sponsoring organization, was disappointed with removal of the exclusion clause from the SDS constitution, as SDS was covered under LID's non-profit status which excluded political activity. By mutual agreement the relationship was severed October 4, 1965. On November 27, 1965 there was a major anti-war demonstration in Washington, D.C. at which Carl Oglesby, the new SDS president, made a very successful speech, addressed to the liberal crowd, and in circuitous terms alleged that the United States government was imperialist in nature. The speech", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17085592", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society (2006 organization)\"\nchapters for a process of ratification which is currently under way. The first national SDS Action Camps took place from August 13–16 in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. The camp was hosted by the Lancaster chapter of SDS. It included anti-oppression/collective liberation trainings, and workshops about a variety of things – including media skills, meeting facilitation, and direct action. The camp was held in order to provide students with skills needed to become better organizers, and deepen the sophistication of their vision and strategy. On September 15, 2007, SDS chapters from several colleges across the country (including Ohio, Indiana, Washington D.C., Harrisburg, PA", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18809142", "chunk_text": "\"Student activism\"\nand early 1970s saw several waves of student activists gaining increasing political prominence in American society. Students formed social movements that moved them from resistance to liberation. An early important national student group was the Student's Peace Union, established in 1959. Another highlight of this period was Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) launched in Ann Arbor, Michigan, was a student-led organization that focused on schools as a social agent that simultaneously oppresses and potentially uplifts society. SDS eventually spun off the Weather Underground. Another successful group was Ann Arbor Youth Liberation, which featured students calling for an end to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14038126", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society\"\nTodd Gitlin of Harvard University was made president. Some continuity was preserved by retaining Paul Booth as Vice President. The search began for something to challenge the idealistic, budding activists. SDS New School in the building of the Presidio Hills School, 3839 Washington St., in San Francisco was founded in January 1964 by Saul Landau, Alvin Duskin (former president of Emerson College), Paul Jacobs, Carl Werthman (sociologist), Ronnie Davis (a playwright and director), Mike Miller (SNCC), and Bob Scheer. It was at this time that the Black Power Movement was first gaining some momentum (although Stokely Carmichael would make the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14038132", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society\"\nin Operation Flaming Dart and introducing ground troops directly involved in fighting the Viet Cong in the South. Campus chapters of SDS all over the country started to lead small, localized demonstrations against the war and the NO became the focal group that organized the march against the war in Washington on April 17. Endorsements came from nearly all of the other peace groups and leading personalities, there was significant increase in income and by the end of March there were 52 chapters. The media began to cover the organization and the New Left. However, the call for the march", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14038142", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society\"\nforce. Austin's Gentle Thursday inspired similar activities at a number of other universities including Penn State and Iowa State. Austin, also a center of civil-rights and anti-war activities, was in 1967 the scene of an SDS-generated free speech movement (the University Freedom Movement) that mobilized thousands of students in massive demonstrations and other activities. The Winter and Spring of 1967 saw an escalation of the militancy of the protests at many campuses. SDSers and self-styled radicals were even elected into the student government at a few places. Demonstrations against Dow Chemical Company and other campus recruiters were widespread, and ranking", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17085597", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society (2006 organization)\"\nnational anti-war, anti-occupation and Israeli apartheid Week campaigns. In March 2010, members of the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee's chapter of SDS staged a protest outside the Chancellor's building. The event, designed to protest rising tuition costs, was met with a police presence. Police began using pepper spray, and arrested sixteen members of the protest, including both SDS members and allied organizations on campus through the Education Rights Campaign. On August 19, 2012, Occupy Colleges officially merged with SDS. Students for a Democratic Society (2006 organization) New Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) is a United States student organization representing left", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14038150", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society\"\nin rallies, marches, sit-ins and teach-ins, which culminated in a one-day strike on April 26. About a million students stayed away from classes that day, the largest student strike in the history of the United States until 1970. It was largely ignored by the New York City-based national media, which focused on the student shutdown of Columbia University in New York, led by an inter-racial alliance of Columbia SDS chapter activists and Student Afro Society activists. As a result of the mass media publicity given to Columbia SDS activists such as Columbia SDS chairperson Mark Rudd during the Columbia Student", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14038115", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society\"\noriented, making it more difficult to recruit students. Moreover, because the LID's leadership did not correspond to the expectations and the mood on the campuses, the SLID felt the need to dissociate itself from its parent organization. SDS held its first meeting in 1960 on the University of Michigan campus at Ann Arbor, Michigan, where Alan Haber was elected president. Its political manifesto, known as the Port Huron Statement, was adopted at the organization's first convention in 1962, based on an earlier draft by staff member Tom Hayden. The Port Huron Statement criticized the political system of the United States", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14038127", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society\"\nmovement more mainstream in 1966). The movement made it impolitic for white activists, such as those in SDS, to presume to lead protests for black civil rights. Instead, SDS would try to organize white unemployed youths through a newly established program they called the Economic Research and Action Project (ERAP). This \"\"into the ghetto\"\" move was a practical failure, but the fact that it existed at all drew many young idealists to SDS. At the summer convention in 1964 there was a split between those who were campus-oriented, and the ERAP supporters. Most of the old guard were ERAP supporters,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14038130", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society\"\ngot into all sorts of projects, from University reform, community-university relations, and now, in a small way, the issue of the draft and Vietnam War. With the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the SDS broke with the pro-labor ideas in the Port Huron Statement and decided that it was best to shift the focus of civil rights away from the southern states and more towards urban cities in the north. Then, on October 1, the University of California, Berkeley exploded into the dramatic and prolonged agony that was the free", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14038131", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society\"\nspeech movement. Led by a charismatic Friends of SNCC student activist named Mario Savio, upwards of three thousand students surrounded a police car in which a student was being taken away, arrested for setting up an informational card table for the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) in defiance of the University's ban on politics. The sit-down prevented the police car from moving for 32 hours. The demonstrations, meetings and strikes that resulted all but shut the university down. Hundreds of students were arrested. In February 1965, United States President Johnson dramatically escalated the war in Vietnam by bombing North Vietnam", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14038141", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society\"\naimed at the country's burgeoning countercultural community. These efforts were especially successful at the large and active University of Texas chapter in Austin where \"\"The Rag\"\", an underground newspaper founded by SDS leaders Thorne Dreyer and Carol Neiman was, according to historian Abe Peck, the first underground paper in the country to incorporate the \"\"participatory democracy, community organizing and synthesis of politics and culture that the New Left of the midsixties was trying to develop.\"\" And SDS' now legendary \"\"Gentle Thursday\"\" events on the UT campus helped to galvanize the Austin cultural community and turn it into a potent political", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14038155", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society\"\nfell into something approaching chaos, or worse, farce. The RYM and the National Office faction, led by Bernardine Dohrn, led 500 to 1000 people out of the Colosseum and, later that evening, holding a 1000-person meeting in another site near the National Office. There, the Weatherman faction carried the day, electing their slate of officers. The 500-600 people remaining in the meeting hall, dominated by PL, declared itself the \"\"Real SDS\"\", electing PL and WSA members as officers. By the next day, there were two SDS organizations, which RYM termed \"\"SDS-RYM\"\" and \"\"SDS-WSA.\"\" In the fall of 1969, many of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14038161", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society\"\n211). Out of this convention the Committee Against Racism (CAR) was formed to continue the fight against racism. CAR later changed its name to International Committee Against Racism (InCAR), when some chapters were formed in Canada. In 1974, National SDS(-WSA) voted to dissolve as a separate organization and reform as chapters of InCAR. However, individual chapters of SDS continued to exist for some time. A chapter at Purdue University was active as late as 1976. All references to contemporary activities of SDS in sources such as the \"\"New York Times\"\" after early 1970 are to SDS-WSA. For example, SDS confronted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18796489", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society (2006 organization)\"\nseries of regional conferences occurring during the Memorial Day weekend. These regional conferences would also be the first of their kind since 1969. On April 23, 2006, SDS held a northeast regional conference at Brown University. Since its foundation in 2006, the organization's activities have centered on two broad areas. The first is building opposition to the US government-led wars in Iraq, Afghanistan, and neighboring countries in South Asia and the Middle East. The second area is advocating for \"\"students rights\"\", broadly defined. For example, SDSers have played a major role in the national movement against budget cuts and tuition", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14038128", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society\"\nbut the campus activists were growing. Paul Potter was elected president, and by the end of summer there were ten ERAP programs in place, with about 125 student volunteers. C. Clark Kissinger of Shimer College in Illinois was elected as National Secretary, and he put the NO on a much more business-like basis. He and his assistant, Helen Garvey, mailed out the literature list, the newsletters and the news of chapter's activities to a growing membership list. Kissinger also worked to smooth the relationship with the LID. A small faction of SDS that was interested in change through conventional electoral", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14038149", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society\"\ndraft led by members of the Resistance, the War Resisters League, and SDS added fuel to the fire of resistance. After conventional civil rights tactics of peaceful pickets seemed to have failed, the Oakland, California Stop the Draft Week ended in mass hit and run skirmishes with the police. The huge (100,000 people) October 21 March on the Pentagon saw hundreds arrested and injured. Night-time raids on draft offices began to spread. In the spring of 1968, National SDS activists led an effort on the campuses called \"\"Ten Days of Resistance\"\" and local chapters cooperated with the Student Mobilization Committee", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6737721", "chunk_text": "\"Democratic Party for a New Society\"\nDemocratic Party for a New Society The Democratic Party for a New Society (; abbreviated DPNS) is a registered political party in Myanmar (Burma), founded in 1988 by Moe Thee Zun, the then Secretary General of the All Burma Students League (ABSL). The party campaigns independently from other parties and is unaffiliated with the more influential National League for Democracy (NLD), despite sharing similar goals. The Democratic Party for a New Society (DPNS) was founded on 14 October 1988 by students and youth, in response to the military junta government's suppression of the 8888 Uprising and pro-democracy movements in Myanmar.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14038124", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society\"\noffice (NO) in New York City consisted of a few desks, some broken chairs, a couple of file cabinets and a few typewriters. As a student group with a strong belief in decentralization and a distrust for most organizations, the SDS did not have a strong central bureaucracy. The three stalwarts at the office, Don McKelvey, Steve Max, and the National Secretary, Jim Monsonis, worked long hours for little pay to service the local chapters, and to help establish new ones. Even during the Cuban Missile Crisis in October, little could be accomplished. Most activity was oriented toward civil rights", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14038152", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society\"\nmass demonstration in San Antonio, Texas in April 1969 at the \"\"Kings River Parade\"\". San Antonio SNCC members called the demonstration to protest the killing of Bobby Joe Phillips by San Antonio Police Officers. In the summer of 1969, the ninth SDS national convention was held at the Chicago Coliseum with some 2000 people attending. Many factions of the movement were present, and set up their literature tables all around the edges of the cavernous hall. The Young Socialist Alliance, Wobblies, Spartacists, Marxists and Maoists of various sorts, all together with various law-enforcement spies and informers contributed to the air", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14038137", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society\"\nIllinois campus at Champaign-Urbana over Christmas vacation, 1965, was attended by about 360 people from 66 chapters, many of whom were new to SDS. Despite a great deal of discussion, no substantial decisions were made. Nationally, the SDS continued to use the draft as an important issue for students, and over the rest of the academic year began to attack university complicity in it, as the universities had begun to supply students' class rankings, used to determine who was to be drafted. The University of Chicago's administration building was taken over in a three-day sit-in in May. Rank protests and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14038136", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society\"\nreceived a standing ovation, substantial press coverage, and resulted in greatly increased national prominence for SDS. The unexpected influx of substantial numbers of new members and chapters combined with the ousting of the previous leadership, the \"\"old guard\"\", resulted in a crisis which dogged SDS until its final breakup; despite repeated attempts to do so, consensus was never reached on what form the organization should take or what role it should play. A final attempt by the old guard at a \"\"rethinking conference\"\" to establish a coherent new direction for the organization failed. The conference, held on the University of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14038122", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society\"\nleaders like Michael Harrington. They wanted absolute clarity, for example, that the United States was blameless for the nuclear arms race... In truth, they seemed threatened by the independence of the new wave of student activism... The tension between SDS and the LID was greatly increased when SDS called for a national demonstration to take place during the spring of 1965. The LID was very concerned about \"\"Communist\"\" participation but SDS refused to restrict who could attend and what signs they could use. The rift opened even further when, at the 1965 SDS National Convention, the clause excluding communists from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14038164", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society\"\nParty politicians, including Tom Hayden, a former member of the legislature of the state of California and well known as the former husband of actress Jane Fonda, a prolific author, and a former candidate for offices such as Governor of California, Mayor of Los Angeles, and US Senator. A new incarnation of SDS was founded on January 16, 2006, Martin Luther King Jr. Day, and by 2010 had grown to over 150 chapters around the United States. It has held five national conventions to date, including the fifth in 2010 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In the 1971 film \"\"The Andromeda Strain\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14038125", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society\"\nissues and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) played a key role in inspiring SDS. By the end of the academic year, there were over 200 delegates at the annual convention at Pine Hill, New York, from 32 different colleges and universities. It was then decided to give more power to the chapters, who would then send delegates to the National Council (NC), which would meet quarterly to handle the ongoing activities. Also, in the spirit of participatory democracy, a consensus was reached to elect new officers each year. Lee Webb of Boston University was chosen as National Secretary, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18796488", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society (2006 organization)\"\nin the United States. Korte did this by contacting Alan Haber. They called for a new generation of SDS, to build a radical multi-issue organization grounded in the principle of participatory democracy. Several chapters at various colleges and high schools were subsequently formed. On Martin Luther King, Jr. Day of 2006, these chapters banded together to issue a press release that stated their intentions to recreate the national SDS organization. In the press release, the SDS called for the organization's first national convention since 1969 to be held in the summer of 2006 and to have it preceded by a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14038120", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society\"\ncritical, and because, according to him, they deliberately wrote sections to pique the liberals. Surprisingly, Roger Hagan, a liberal, defended the SDS and its policy. After lively debates between the two, the draft finally remained more or less unchanged. Some two weeks later, a meeting between the LID and SDS was held where the LID expressed its discontent about the manifesto. As a result, Haber and Hayden, at this time respectively the National secretary and the new President of the organization, were summoned to a hearing on the 6 July 1962. There, Hayden clashed with Michael Harrington (as he later", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3405661", "chunk_text": "\"Students For Society\"\ndemocratic revolution in India.” Students For Society (SFS) is a student organization that envisions to work on the footsteps of Bhagat Singh. SFS strive to work together with all the democratic forces to create egalitarian society, where equality and freedom are not mere words to be written on pages of constitution but a material reality. SFS has always endeavored toward promoting academic culture and encouraging critical thinking be it through discussions, seminars or other cultural events. When the time demands so, SFS has raised its voice against each and every injustice done or regressive step taken by central or state", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17085590", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society (2006 organization)\"\nOn March 17, 2007, SDS groups from across the country met and participated in the March on the Pentagon, in which parts of the SDS contingent along with allies occupied a bridge near The Pentagon. Five demonstrators were arrested. On March 20, 2007, 83 SDS chapters from around the country held coordinated actions against the Iraq war. One such action in the Bay Area shut down the entrance to Chevron's World Headquarters. The Summer of 2007 was a critical turning point for SDS as a national organization. First, SDS fielded a large contingent at the first US Social Forum in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8383552", "chunk_text": "\"European Democrat Students\"\nEuropean Democrat Students European Democrat Students (EDS) is a pan-European centre-right student and youth political association, and the official student organisation of the European People's Party. Founded in Vienna by Scandinavian, German and Austrian students in 1961, it represents over 1.600.000 students and young people in 40 member organisations from 35 countries in Europe, and is the largest youth organisation in Europe. Its stated goal is to promote a free, democratic and united Europe through a greater student mobility and comprehensive education policies across the continent. European Democrat Students has been always a frontrunner in integration, fighting for open borders,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3833129", "chunk_text": "\"Democratic Students Federation\"\nDemocratic Students Federation Democratic Students Federation (DSF) is a left-wing student organization in Pakistan. It was first established on 13 January 1951 in Karachi by students of Dow Medical College as the organization that previously dominated campuses, the Muslim Students Federation (affiliated with the Muslim League), began to wither. From its inception, it was close to the Communist Party of Pakistan (CPP), and therefore banned along with the CPP in 1954. Its members, however, managed to infiltrate other student organizations, notably the National Students Federation founded in 1958. It emerged as a splinter group of the National Students Federation (NSF)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17085591", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society (2006 organization)\"\nAtlanta on June 27 – July 1. SDS found itself part of a national movement to change the US; at the forum, SDS members gave workshops, demonstrated, and formed bonds with members from across the country. The second SDS National Convention took place July 27–30, 2007 at Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan. Approximately 200 members of SDS attended what was a constitutional convention. The primary focus of the convention was to democratically create a national structure and vision for the organization. These goals were achieved, though all decisions made at the convention will be sent back to the SDS", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14038119", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society\"\nthe reason for failing to achieve disarmament and to assure peace. The Port Huron Convention opened with a symbol of this break with the policy of the past years: the delegate of the Communist Progressive Youth Organizing Committee asked to attend the conference as an observer. The people from the Young People's Socialist League objected while most of the SDSers insisted on letting him sit. He eventually sat. Later in the meeting, Michael Harrington, an LID member, became agitated over the manifesto because he found the stand they took toward the Soviet Union and authoritarian regimes in general was insufficiently", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17085589", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society (2006 organization)\"\nhuman blockade through the use of rubber bullets and pepper spray. On March 12, 2007, one week before the anniversary of the invasion of Iraq, the New School chapter of SDS held a Campus Moratorium against the Iraq War. Students left classes and proceeded down 5th Avenue to the Chambers Street military recruitment center where they met with the Pace University chapter of SDS. The students entered the Recruitment Center, barricaded the door and held a nonviolent sit-in, effectively closing the recruitment center for about two hours. Twenty members of SDS were arrested and charged with criminal trespassing, a misdemeanor.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14038159", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society\"\nfeatured speaker. In 1972, SDS-WSA demonstrated at the Democratic National Convention in Miami against Democratic presidential candidate George McGovern's retreating from his original stronger campaign positions against the Vietnam War. Several hundred SDS members staged a sit-in at the Doral Hotel as McGovern and his staff met upstairs with protesting members of Grassroots McGovern Volunteers and sympathizers angry over the same issues. In Newark, New Jersey, SDS-WSA demonstrated against Anthony Imperiale and his North Ward Citizens' Council which was opposing the construction of Kawaida Towers, a building complex sponsored by a community organization led by Black nationalist and poet Amiri", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17085594", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society (2006 organization)\"\nChapters around the US and Canada participated in a large series of semi-coordinated events and demonstrations between March 17 and March 21 to bring awareness to the 5th anniversary of the invasion of Iraq. The 2008 National Convention was held in College Park, Maryland. Members at the meeting decided on a national structure: the National Work Committee and a national campaign: Student Power for Accessible Education. In September, SDS chapters from around the country converged on St. Paul, Minnesota to participate in the four days of protests against the Republican National Convention. Members of Providence SDS took over a board", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15977907", "chunk_text": "\"1969 Students for a Democratic Society National Convention\"\n1969 Students for a Democratic Society National Convention The 1969 Students for a Democratic Society National Convention held in June of that year in Chicago, Illinois was the final convention held by the Students for a Democratic Society. The gathering, which took place over June 18–22, was one of four conventions officers and members of SDS attended each year. Taking place at the Chicago Coliseum, the convention was the site of chaos and tension, with members breaking into factions, each vying for control of the organization. Prior to this convention, one of the factions, the Revolutionary Youth Movement (RYM), soon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19669831", "chunk_text": "\"Independent Federation of Chinese Students and Scholars\"\nIndependent Federation of Chinese Students and Scholars The Independent Federation of Chinese Students and Scholars (IFCSS) was founded on August 1, 1989, when over 1000 Chinese student representatives from more than 200 Chinese Students and Scholars Association in major U.S. universities held their First Congress of Chinese Students and Scholars in USA at the University of Illinois at Chicago. The mission of IFCSS was to promote democracy in China and to protect the interests of the Chinese students and scholars studying in the United States, as a response to Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. Since its birth, IFCSS had become", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14038134", "chunk_text": "\"Students for a Democratic Society\"\nNational Office, which had been located in Manhattan, was moved to Chicago at about the same time. The rapid growth of the membership rate during the preceding year brought with it a new breed with a new style: The convention elected an Akron, Ohio student, Carl Oglesby, President and Jeff Shero, from the increasingly influential University of Texas chapter in Austin, as Vice President—in preference to \"\"old guard\"\" candidates. The convention voted to remove the anti-communist exclusion clauses from the SDS constitution, failed to provide for any national program, and increased the reliance on local initiatives at the chapters. As", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_340	when did we first put a rover on mars?	n/a	[ "January 2004" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "368157", "chunk_text": "\"Exploration of Mars\"\nwith a roving probe on Mars on July 4, 1997. It consisted of a lander and a small wheeled robotic rover named Sojourner, which was the first rover to operate on the surface of Mars. In addition to scientific objectives, the Mars Pathfinder mission was also a \"\"proof-of-concept\"\" for various technologies, such as an airbag landing system and automated obstacle avoidance, both later exploited by the Mars Exploration Rovers. After the 1992 failure of NASA's Mars Observer orbiter, NASA retooled and launched Mars Global Surveyor (MGS). Mars Global Surveyor launched on November 7, 1996, and entered orbit on September 12,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20742672", "chunk_text": "\"Rover (space exploration)\"\nThe Marsokhod was a \"\" heavy\"\" Soviet rover (hybrid, with both controls telecommand and automatic) aimed at Mars, part of the Mars 4NM and scheduled to be released (after 1973 according to the plans of 1970) launched by a N1 rocket that never arrived to fly successfully. The Mars Pathfinder mission included \"\"Sojourner\"\", the first rover to successfully deploy on another planet. NASA, the space agency of the United States, launched Mars Pathfinder on 4 December 1996; it landed on Mars in a region called Chryse Planitia on 4 July 1997. From its landing until the final data transmission on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13306316", "chunk_text": "Mars\nMars on August 6, 2012 UTC. It is larger and more advanced than the Mars Exploration Rovers, with a movement rate up to per hour. Experiments include a laser chemical sampler that can deduce the make-up of rocks at a distance of . On February 10, 2013, the \"\"Curiosity\"\" rover obtained the first deep rock samples ever taken from another planetary body, using its on-board drill. The same year, it discovered that Mars's soil contains between 1.5% and 3% water by mass (albeit attached to other compounds and thus not freely accessible). Observations by the \"\"Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\"\" had previously", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9388268", "chunk_text": "\"Mars rover\"\nMars rover A Mars rover is a motor vehicle that propels itself across the surface of the planet Mars upon arrival. Rovers have several advantages over stationary landers: they examine more territory, and they can be directed to interesting features, they can place themselves in sunny positions to weather winter months, and they can advance the knowledge of how to perform very remote robotic vehicle control. There have been four successful robotically operated Mars rovers. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory managed the \"\"Sojourner\"\" rover, the \"\"Opportunity\"\" rover, \"\"Spirit\"\" rover, and, now the \"\"Curiosity\"\" rover. On January 24, 2016 NASA reported that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16087575", "chunk_text": "\"Mars Pathfinder\"\nMars Pathfinder Mars Pathfinder (MESUR Pathfinder) is an American robotic spacecraft that landed a base station with a roving probe on Mars in 1997. It consisted of a lander, renamed the Carl Sagan Memorial Station, and a lightweight (10.6 kg/23 lb) wheeled robotic Mars rover named \"\"Sojourner\"\", which became the first rover to operate outside the Earth–Moon system. Launched on December 4, 1996 by NASA aboard a Delta II booster a month after the \"\"Mars Global Surveyor\"\" was launched, it landed on July 4, 1997 on Mars's Ares Vallis, in a region called Chryse Planitia in the Oxia Palus quadrangle.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9417218", "chunk_text": "\"Exploration of Mars\"\nmonths (specifically 780 days, the planet's synodic period with respect to Earth). In addition, the lowest available transfer energy varies on a roughly 16-year cycle. For example, a minimum occurred in the 1969 and 1971 launch windows, rising to a peak in the late 1970s, and hitting another low in 1986 and 1988. Starting in 1960, the Soviets launched a series of probes to Mars including the first intended flybys and hard (impact) landing (Mars 1962B). The first successful fly-by of Mars was on 14–15 July 1965, by NASA's Mariner 4. On November 14, 1971 Mariner 9 became the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18113871", "chunk_text": "\"Mars Exploration Rover\"\nMars Exploration Rover NASA's Mars Exploration Rover (MER) mission is an ongoing robotic space mission involving two Mars rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, exploring the planet Mars. It began in 2003 with the launch of the two rovers: MER-A \"\"Spirit\"\" and MER-B \"\"Opportunity\"\"—to explore the Martian surface and geology; both landed on Mars at separate locations in January 2004. Both rovers far outlived their planned missions of 90 Martian solar days: MER-A \"\"Spirit\"\" was active until 2010, while MER-B \"\"Opportunity\"\" is still active in 2018, and holds the record for the longest distance driven by any off-Earth wheeled vehicle. The mission's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6527807", "chunk_text": "\"Discovery Program\"\nmissions was reviewed in 1991. What would be the NEAR spacecraft mission was formally selected in December 1993, after which a 2-year development period would follow prior to launch. NEAR was launched on February 15, 1996, and arrived to orbit asteroid Eros on February 14, 2000. Mars Pathfinder launched on December 4, 1996, and would land on the planet Mars on July 4, 1997, bringing along with it the first NASA Mars rover. In August 1994, NASA made an announcement of opportunity for the next proposed Discovery missions. There were 28 proposals submitted to NASA in October 1994: In February", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20742677", "chunk_text": "\"Rover (space exploration)\"\nit landed on the Martian Meridiani Planum on January 25, 2004 at 05:05 Ground UTC (about 13:15 local time), three weeks after its twin \"\"Spirit\"\" (MER-A) touched down on the other side of the planet. On July 28, 2014, NASA announced that \"\"Opportunity\"\", after having traveled over on the planet Mars, has set a new \"\"off-world\"\" record as the rover having driven the greatest distance, surpassing the previous record held by the Soviet Union's Lunokhod 2 rover that had traveled . () On 26 November 2011, NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission was successfully launched for Mars. The mission successfully landed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "368141", "chunk_text": "\"Exploration of Mars\"\nbegan mapping the Martian terrain and weather to find suitable landing sites for upcoming lander missions. The MRO captured the first image of a series of active avalanches near the planet's north pole in 2008. The Mars Science Laboratory mission was launched on November 26, 2011 and it delivered the \"\"Curiosity\"\" rover on the surface of Mars on August 6, 2012 UTC. It is larger and more advanced than the Mars Exploration Rovers, with a velocity of up to 90 meters per hour (295 feet per hour). Experiments include a laser chemical sampler that can deduce the composition of rocks", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12621626", "chunk_text": "\"NASA robots\"\ncraft that will be designed to fly in a formation. The Mars rover Curiosity is a mobile laboratory that was launched from Cape Canaveral in 2011. The Curiosity landed on Mars surface August 6, 2012. This was the largest rover NASA has put on Mars, being twice as long and five times as heavy as its processors. Despite the extra size the Curiosity took many design elements from the previous generation of Mars rovers such as six wheel drive, rocker-bogie suspension, and cameras mounted to the mast of the rover to help the mission's team direct the rover. However unlike", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20748042", "chunk_text": "\"Viking 1\"\nFollowing launch using a Titan/Centaur launch vehicle on August 20, 1975, and a 10-month cruise to Mars, the orbiter began returning global images of Mars about 5 days before orbit insertion. The \"\"Viking 1\"\" Orbiter was inserted into Mars orbit on June 19, 1976, and trimmed to a 1513 x 33,000 km, 24.66 h site certification orbit on June 21. Landing on Mars was planned for July 4, 1976, the United States Bicentennial, but imaging of the primary landing site showed it was too rough for a safe landing. The landing was delayed until a safer site was found, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18829619", "chunk_text": "\"Mars Exploration Rover\"\nEndeavour Crater, eight years after landing. The orbital spectroscopy of this crater rim show the signs of phyllosilicate rocks, indicative of older sedimentary deposits. Mars Exploration Rover NASA's Mars Exploration Rover (MER) mission is an ongoing robotic space mission involving two Mars rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, exploring the planet Mars. It began in 2003 with the launch of the two rovers: MER-A \"\"Spirit\"\" and MER-B \"\"Opportunity\"\"—to explore the Martian surface and geology; both landed on Mars at separate locations in January 2004. Both rovers far outlived their planned missions of 90 Martian solar days: MER-A \"\"Spirit\"\" was active until 2010,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13603284", "chunk_text": "\"Exploration of Mars\"\non November 5, 1964, but the shroud encasing the spacecraft atop its rocket failed to open properly, dooming the mission. Three weeks later, on November 28, 1964, Mariner 4 was launched successfully on a 7½-month voyage to Mars.. Mariner 4 flew past Mars on July 14, 1965, providing the first close-up photographs of another planet. The pictures, gradually played back to Earth from a small tape recorder on the probe, showed impact craters. It provided radically more accurate data about the planet; a surface atmospheric pressure of about 1% of Earth's and daytime temperatures of −100 °C (−148 °F) were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18113885", "chunk_text": "\"Mars Exploration Rover\"\nFebruary 6, 2007, \"\"Opportunity\"\" became the first spacecraft to traverse on the surface of Mars. \"\"Opportunity\"\" was poised to enter Victoria Crater from its perch on the rim of Duck Bay on June 28, 2007, but due to extensive dust storms, it was delayed until the dust had cleared and power returned to safe levels. Two months later, \"\"Spirit\"\" and \"\"Opportunity\"\" resumed driving after hunkering down during raging dust storms that limited solar power to a level that nearly caused the permanent failure of both rovers. On October 1, 2007, both \"\"Spirit\"\" and \"\"Opportunity\"\" entered their fifth mission extension that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13603281", "chunk_text": "\"Exploration of Mars\"\nin mid-May 1971 and reached Mars about seven months later. On November 27, 1971 the lander of Mars 2 crash-landed due to an on-board computer malfunction and became the first man-made object to reach the surface of Mars. On 2 December 1971, the Mars 3 lander became the first spacecraft to achieve a soft landing, but its transmission was interrupted after 14.5 seconds. The Mars 2 and 3 orbiters sent back a relatively large volume of data covering the period from December 1971 to March 1972, although transmissions continued through to August. By 22 August 1972, after sending back data", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7187126", "chunk_text": "\"Space probe\"\non another planet (Venus) and to transmit data from there back to Earth. Upon its arrival at Mars on November 13, 1971, Mariner 9 became the first space probe to maintain orbit around another planet. First soft landing on Mars (December 2, 1971) The lander began transmitting to the Mars 3 orbiter 90 seconds after landing. After 20 seconds, transmission stopped for unknown reasons. First successful rover on Mars. The Mars Exploration Rovers, \"\"Spirit\"\" and \"\"Opportunity\"\" landed on Mars to explore the Martian surface and geology, and searched for clues to past water activity on Mars. They were each launched", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5738312", "chunk_text": "\"Lander (spacecraft)\"\ncancelled due to lack of funding. The U.S. Mars Pathfinder was launched in December 1996 and released the first acting rover on Mars, named \"\"Sojourner\"\", in July 1997. It failed in September 1997, probably due to electronics failure caused by the cold temperatures. Mars Pathfinder was part of the cancelled Mars Environmental Survey program with a set of 16 landers planned for 1999–2009. The Mars Polar Lander ceased communication on 3 December 1999, prior to reaching the surface, and is presumed to have crashed. The European Beagle 2 lander deployed successfully from the Mars Express spacecraft but the signal confirming", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11452302", "chunk_text": "\"Mars landing\"\n1997. Its landing site was an ancient flood plain in Mars' northern hemisphere called Ares Vallis, which is among the rockiest parts of Mars. It carried a tiny remote-controlled rover called Sojourner, which was the first acting Mars rover that traveled a few meters around the landing site, exploring the conditions and sampling rocks around it. Newspapers around the world carried images of the lander dispatching the rover to explore the surface of Mars in a way never achieved before. Until the final data transmission on September 27, 1997, \"\"Mars Pathfinder\"\" returned 16,500 images from the lander and 550 images", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9385602", "chunk_text": "\"Opportunity (rover)\"\nOpportunity (rover) Opportunity, also known as MER-B (Mars Exploration Rover – B) or MER-1, is a robotic rover active on Mars since 2004. Launched on July 7, 2003 as part of NASA's Mars Exploration Rover program, it landed in Meridiani Planum on January 25, 2004, three weeks after its twin \"\"Spirit\"\" (MER-A) touched down on the other side of the planet. With a planned 90 sol duration of activity (slightly more than 90 earth days), \"\"Spirit\"\" functioned until getting stuck in 2009 and ceased communications in 2010, while \"\"Opportunity\"\" was active as of June 10, 2018 when a dust storm", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3385845", "chunk_text": "\"Mars in fiction\"\nin 1971, and then later the first landing of \"\"the first mechanized device to successfully operate on Mars\"\" in 1976 (in the Viking program by the United States), inspired a great deal of interest in Mars-related fiction. Exploration of the planet has continued in the 21st century on to the present day. Before the Mariner 4 spacecraft arrived at Mars in July 1965 and dispelled some of the more exotic theories about the planet, the conventional image of Mars was shaped by the observations of the astronomers Giovanni Schiaparelli, Camille Flammarion and Percival Lowell. Flammarion assumed its red surface came", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3807910", "chunk_text": "\"Mars Exploration Rover\"\nwhich may have been blasted out of craters such as Victoria. The rover had been exploring Victoria Crater since September 11, 2007. As of January 2009, the two rovers had collectively sent back 250,000 images and traveled over . After driving about since it left Victoria crater, \"\"Opportunity\"\" first saw the rim of Endeavour crater on March 7, 2009. It passed the mark along the way on sol 1897. Meanwhile, at Gusev crater, \"\"Spirit\"\" was dug in deep into the Martian sand, much as \"\"Opportunity\"\" was at Purgatory Dune in 2005. On January 3 and January 24, 2010, \"\"Spirit\"\" and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6912712", "chunk_text": "\"Mars program\"\nlifted off on August 9, 1973, into an intermediate Earth orbit on a Proton-K/D booster and then launched into a Mars transfer trajectory. Total fueled launch mass of the lander and bus was 3260 kg. It reached Mars on March 9, 1974. Due to a problem in the operation of one of the on-board systems (attitude control or retro-rockets) the landing probe separated prematurely (4 hours before encounter) and missed the planet by 1300 km. The early separation was probably due to a computer error which resulted from degradation of the systems during the trip to Mars. The intended landing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5961403", "chunk_text": "\"Mars Exploration Rover\"\nComplex 17 (CCAFS SLC-17), MER-B was on the heavy version of that launch vehicle, needing the extra energy for Trans-Mars injection. The launch vehicles were integrated onto pads right next to each other, with MER-A on CCAFS SLC-17A and MER-B on CCAFS SLC-17B. The dual pads allowed for working the 15- and 21-day planetary launch periods close together; the last possible launch day for MER-A was June 19, 2003 and the first day for MER-B was June 25, 2003. NASA's Launch Services Program managed the launch of both spacecraft. The probes landed in January 2004 in widely separated equatorial locations", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3455210", "chunk_text": "Mars\nto Mars by the Soviet Union, the United States, Europe, and India to study the planet's surface, climate, and geology. , Mars is host to eight functioning spacecraft: six in orbit—\"\"2001 Mars Odyssey\"\", \"\"Mars Express\"\", \"\"Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\"\", \"\"MAVEN\"\", \"\"Mars Orbiter Mission\"\" and \"\"ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter\"\"—and two on the surface—Mars Science Laboratory \"\"Curiosity\"\" (rover) and \"\"InSight\"\" (lander). Another rover, \"\"Opportunity\"\", is inactive now, but NASA still hopes to reestablish contact with it. The public can request images of Mars via the \"\"Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\"\" HiWish program. The Mars Science Laboratory, named \"\"Curiosity\"\", launched on November 26, 2011, and reached", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18369008", "chunk_text": "\"Curiosity (rover)\"\nCuriosity (rover) Curiosity is a car-sized rover designed to explore Gale Crater on Mars as part of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission (MSL). \"\"Curiosity\"\" was launched from Cape Canaveral on November 26, 2011, at 15:02 UTC aboard the MSL spacecraft and landed on Aeolis Palus in Gale Crater on Mars on August 6, 2012, 05:17 UTC. The Bradbury Landing site was less than from the center of the rover's touchdown target after a journey. The rover's goals include an investigation of the Martian climate and geology; assessment of whether the selected field site inside Gale Crater has ever offered environmental", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16087588", "chunk_text": "\"Mars Pathfinder\"\n\"\"petals\"\". Designed to right itself from any initial orientation, the lander happened to roll right side up onto its base petal. 74 minutes after landing, the petals were deployed with \"\"Sojourner\"\" rover and the solar panels attached on the inside. The lander arrived at night at 2:56:55 Mars local solar time (16:56:55 UTC) on July 4, 1997. The lander had to wait until sunrise to send its first digital signals and images to Earth. The landing site was located at 19.30° north latitude and 33.52° west longitude in Ares Vallis, only 19 kilometres southwest of the center of the 200", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18829563", "chunk_text": "\"Mars Exploration Rover\"\nMER-B, \"\"Opportunity\"\". This suggested that water once flowed in the region. The irregular distribution of chlorine and bromine also suggests that the place was once the shoreline of a salty sea, now evaporated. On April 8, 2004, NASA announced that it was extending the mission life of the rovers from three to eight months. It immediately provided additional funding of US $15 million through September, and $2.8 million per month for continuing operations. Later that month, \"\"Opportunity\"\" arrived at Endurance crater, taking about five days to drive the 200 meters. NASA announced on September 22 that it was extending the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19189774", "chunk_text": "\"Planetary Missions Program Office\"\nbudget smaller than originally planned. Its final mission cost would reach US$224 million. \"\"Mars Pathfinder\"\" was also reassigned to the program as part of cuts to the Space Exploration Initiative Mars Environmental Survey (MESUR) program, following the loss of its flagship \"\"Mars Observer\"\". Both \"\"NEAR Shoemaker\"\" and \"\"Mars Pathfinder\"\" were successfully launched in February and December 1996 respectively; the former achieved orbit around the asteroid 433 Eros in February 2000, and the latter landed on Mars and delivered the first operational Mars rover, \"\"Sojourner\"\", to the surface of the planet in July 1997. After \"\"NEAR Shoemaker\"\" and \"\"Mars Pathfinder\"\", the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4468985", "chunk_text": "\"Mars Global Surveyor\"\n\"\"Surveyor\"\" spacecraft was launched from the Cape Canaveral Air Station in Florida on 7 November 1996 aboard a Delta II rocket. The spacecraft traveled nearly 750 million kilometers (466 million miles) over the course of a 300-day cruise to reach Mars on 11 September 1997. Upon reaching Mars, \"\"Surveyor\"\" fired its main rocket engine for the 22-minute Mars orbit insertion (MOI) burn. This maneuver slowed the spacecraft and allowed the planet's gravity to capture it into orbit. Initially, Surveyor entered a highly elliptical orbit that took 45 hours to complete. The orbit had a periapsis of above the northern hemisphere,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18550502", "chunk_text": "\"Mars Exploration Rover\"\nscientific objective was to search for and characterize a wide range of rocks and soils that hold clues to past water activity on Mars. The mission is part of NASA's Mars Exploration Program, which includes three previous successful landers: the two Viking program landers in 1976 and Mars Pathfinder probe in 1997. The total cost of building, launching, landing and operating the rovers on the surface for the initial 90-sol primary mission was US$820 million. Since the rovers have continued to function beyond their initial 90 sol primary mission, they have each received five mission extensions. The fifth mission extension", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12962770", "chunk_text": "\"Viking program\"\n1975, and the second craft, \"\"Viking 2\"\", was launched on September 9, 1975, both riding atop Titan IIIE rockets with Centaur upper stages. \"\"Viking 1\"\" entered Mars orbit on June 19, 1976, with \"\"Viking 2\"\" following suit on August 7. After orbiting Mars for more than a month and returning images used for landing site selection, the orbiters and landers detached; the landers then entered the Martian atmosphere and soft-landed at the sites that had been chosen. The \"\"Viking 1\"\" lander touched down on the surface of Mars on July 20, 1976, and was joined by the \"\"Viking 2\"\" lander", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2995033", "chunk_text": "\"Mars Exploration Rover\"\nancient life, including a biosphere based on autotrophic, chemotrophic and/or chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms, as well as ancient water, including fluvio-lacustrine environments (plains related to ancient rivers or lakes) that may have been habitable. The search for evidence of habitability, taphonomy (related to fossils), and organic carbon on the planet Mars is now a primary NASA objective. The scientific objectives of the Mars Exploration Rover mission are to: The MER-A and MER-B probes were launched on June 10, 2003 and July 7, 2003, respectively. Though both probes launched on Boeing Delta II 7925-9.5 rockets from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15835490", "chunk_text": "\"Planetary surface\"\nof extraterrestrial surface samples to Earth. Venera 7 was the first landing of a probe on another planet on December 15, 1970. Mars 3 \"\"soft landed\"\" and returned data from Mars on August 22, 1972, the first rover on Mars was Mars Pathfinder in 1997, the Mars Exploration Rover has been studying the surface of the red planet since 2004. NEAR Shoemaker was the first to soft land on an asteroid – 433 Eros in February 2001 while Hayabusa was the first to return samples from 25143 Itokawa on 13 June 2010. Huygens soft landed and returned data from Titan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "518509", "chunk_text": "\"Mars Science Laboratory\"\nMars Science Laboratory Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) is a robotic space probe mission to Mars launched by NASA on November 26, 2011, which successfully landed \"\"Curiosity\"\", a Mars rover, in Gale Crater on August 6, 2012. The overall objectives include investigating Mars' habitability, studying its climate and geology, and collecting data for a manned mission to Mars. The rover carries a variety of scientific instruments designed by an international team. MSL successfully carried out the most accurate Martian landing of any known spacecraft, hitting a small target landing ellipse of only , in the Aeolis Palus region of Gale Crater.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4934404", "chunk_text": "\"Mars landing\"\ncould be assured to be completely sterile. Having been designed for only three-month missions, both rovers lasted much longer than planned. \"\"Spirit\"\" lost contact with Earth in March 2010. \"\"Opportunity\"\", however, continued to carry out surveys of the planet, surpassing on its odometer by the time communication with it was lost in June 2018. These rovers have discovered many new things, including Heat Shield Rock, the first meteorite to be discovered on another planet. \"\"Phoenix\"\" launched on August 4, 2007, and touched down on the northern polar region of Mars on May 25, 2008. It is famous for having been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8665260", "chunk_text": "NASA\nlift vehicle. The Space Launch System is intended to launch the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle and other elements towards the Moon, near-Earth asteroids, and one day Mars. The Orion MPCV conducted an unmanned test launch on a Delta IV Heavy rocket in December 2014. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is currently scheduled to launch in May 2020. On August 6, 2012, NASA landed the rover \"\"Curiosity\"\" on Mars. On August 27, 2012, \"\"Curiosity\"\" transmitted the first pre-recorded message from the surface of Mars back to Earth, made by Administrator Charlie Bolden: NASA's ongoing investigations include in-depth surveys of Mars", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1397898", "chunk_text": "\"Curiosity (rover)\"\nRobert J. Collier Trophy by the National Aeronautic Association \"\"In recognition of the extraordinary achievements of successfully landing \"\"Curiosity\"\" on Mars, advancing the nation's technological and engineering capabilities, and significantly improving humanity's understanding of ancient Martian habitable environments.\"\" Curiosity (rover) Curiosity is a car-sized rover designed to explore Gale Crater on Mars as part of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission (MSL). \"\"Curiosity\"\" was launched from Cape Canaveral on November 26, 2011, at 15:02 UTC aboard the MSL spacecraft and landed on Aeolis Palus in Gale Crater on Mars on August 6, 2012, 05:17 UTC. The Bradbury Landing site was less", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11452301", "chunk_text": "\"Mars landing\"\nSeasonal dust storms, pressure changes, and movement of atmospheric gases between the polar caps were observed. A biology experiment produced possible evidence of life, but it was not corroborated by other on-board experiments. While searching for a suitable landing spot for \"\"Viking 2\"\"s lander, the \"\"Viking 1\"\" orbiter photographed the landform that constitutes the so-called \"\"Face on Mars\"\" on July 25, 1976. The Viking program was a descendant of the cancelled Voyager program, whose name was later reused for a pair of outer solar system probes. NASA's \"\"Mars Pathfinder\"\" spacecraft, launched one month after Global Surveyor, landed on July 4,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11581816", "chunk_text": "\"Mars Polar Lander\"\nin late summer, too little power would be supplied to the heater to avoid freezing, resulting in the battery also freezing and signaling the end of the operating life for the lander. \"\"Mars Polar Lander\"\" was launched on January 3, 1999, at 20:21:10 UTC by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration from Space Launch Complex 17B at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida, aboard a Delta II 7425 launch vehicle. The complete burn sequence lasted for 47.7 minutes after a Thiokol Star 48B solid-fuel third stage booster placed the spacecraft into an 11-month, Mars transfer trajectory at a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4934399", "chunk_text": "\"Mars landing\"\nin the 1990s. On June 2, 2003, the European Space Agency's Mars Express set off from Baikonur Cosmodrome to Mars. The Mars Express craft consisted of the Mars Express Orbiter and the lander \"\"Beagle 2\"\". Although the landing probe was not designed to move, it carried a digging device and the smallest mass spectrometer created to date, as well as a range of other devices, on a robotic arm in order to accurately analyse soil beneath the dusty surface. The orbiter entered Mars orbit on December 25, 2003, and \"\"Beagle 2\"\" should have entered Mars' atmosphere the same day. However,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5947019", "chunk_text": "\"Mars (Doctor Who)\"\nspace programme sent a series of manned missions to Mars. Mars Probes 6 and 7 made contact with a group of radioactive aliens orbiting the planet on a peaceful survey mission. On 31 October 2006, the Guinevere One probe was launched for an intended landing on Christmas Day, but was intercepted by the alien Sycorax before it could do so. The first human colonists arrived on Mars in 2058 and established Bowie Base One, a massive bio-dome where frozen Martian water deposits were used to grow vegetation. On 21 November 2059, the colony was destroyed when mission commander Captain Adelaide", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20039871", "chunk_text": "\"Unmanned NASA missions\"\nLaunched on January 25, 1994, the objective of the mission was to test sensors and spacecraft components under extended exposure to the space environment and to make scientific observations of the Moon and the near-Earth asteroid 1620 Geographos. The Geographos observations were not made due to a malfunction in the spacecraft. The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) was developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and launched November 1996. It began the United States' return to Mars after a 10-year absence. It completed its primary mission in January 2001 and was in its third extended mission phase when, on November 2, 2006,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13570062", "chunk_text": "\"Opportunity (rover)\"\nand mission sols, which are Mars days counted from its landing and typical of Mars surface mission time reporting. Topographic lines and various feature names are also common Opportunity (rover) Opportunity, also known as MER-B (Mars Exploration Rover – B) or MER-1, is a robotic rover active on Mars since 2004. Launched on July 7, 2003 as part of NASA's Mars Exploration Rover program, it landed in Meridiani Planum on January 25, 2004, three weeks after its twin \"\"Spirit\"\" (MER-A) touched down on the other side of the planet. With a planned 90 sol duration of activity (slightly more than", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5738734", "chunk_text": "\"Spirit (rover)\"\nin direct contact with Earth. A low gain antenna is also used to relay data to spacecraft orbiting Mars. The science instruments include: The rover arm holds the following instruments: The \"\"Spirit\"\" Mars rover and lander arrived successfully on the surface of Mars on 04:35 Ground UTC on January 4, 2004. This was the start of its 90-sol mission, but solar cell cleaning events would mean it was the start of a much longer mission, lasting until 2010. \"\"Spirit\"\" was targeted to a site that appears to have been affected by liquid water in the past, the crater Gusev, a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "368164", "chunk_text": "\"Exploration of Mars\"\nand first European probe to achieve a soft landing on Mars. NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Mission (MER), started in 2003, is an ongoing robotic space mission involving two rovers, Spirit (MER-A) and Opportunity, (MER-B) exploring the Martian surface geology. The mission's scientific objective is to search for and characterize a wide range of rocks and soils that hold clues to past water activity on Mars. The mission is part of NASA's Mars Exploration Program, which includes three previous successful landers: the two Viking program landers in 1976; and Mars Pathfinder probe in 1997. The \"\"Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\"\" (MRO) is a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17371335", "chunk_text": "\"Mars Exploration Rover\"\n\"\"Spirit\"\" became stuck in soft soil on Mars. After nearly nine months of attempts to get the rover back on track, including using test rovers on Earth, NASA announced on January 26, 2010 that \"\"Spirit\"\" was being retasked as a stationary science platform. This mode would enable \"\"Spirit\"\" to assist scientists in ways that a mobile platform could not, such as detecting \"\"wobbles\"\" in the planet's rotation that would indicate a liquid core. Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) lost contact with Spirit after last hearing from the rover on March 22, 2010 and continued attempts to regain communications lasted until May", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17406102", "chunk_text": "\"Mars 1\"\nMars 1 Mars 1, also known as 1962 Beta Nu 1, Mars 2MV-4 and Sputnik 23, was an automatic interplanetary station launched in the direction of Mars on November 1, 1962, the first of the Soviet Mars probe program, with the intent of flying by the planet at a distance of about . It was designed to image the surface and send back data on cosmic radiation, micrometeoroid impacts and Mars' magnetic field, radiation environment, atmospheric structure, and possible organic compounds. After leaving Earth orbit, the spacecraft and the Molniya (rocket) booster fourth stage separated and the solar panels were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19602038", "chunk_text": "\"Mars 2020\"\naffordable. \"\"Curiosity\"\" engineering team are also involved in the rover's design. Based on the scientific objectives, nearly 60 proposals for rover instrumentation were evaluated and, on 31 July 2014, NASA announced the payload for the rover. In May 2017, evidence of the earliest known life on land may have been found in 3.48-billion-year-old geyserite, a mineral deposit often found around hot springs and geysers, uncovered in the Pilbara Craton of Western Australia. These findings may be helpful in deciding where best to search for early signs of life on the planet Mars. The following locations are the eight landing sites", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5738314", "chunk_text": "\"Lander (spacecraft)\"\nthe Martian surface in January 2004 using landers featuring airbags and parachutes to soften impact. \"\"Spirit\"\" ceased functioning in 2010, more than five years past its design lifetime. As of January 2017, \"\"Opportunity\"\" remains active, having exceeded its three-month design lifetime by well over a decade. The U.S. Phoenix spacecraft successfully achieved soft landing on the surface of Mars on May 25, 2008, using a combination of parachutes and rocket descent engines. Mars Science Laboratory (\"\"Curiosity\"\") was successfully launched by NASA on November 26, 2011. It landed in the Aeolis Palus region of Gale Crater on Mars on August 6,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_341	when was last time bayern munich won champions league?	n/a	[ "2012–13", "2013", "2000–01" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14356963", "chunk_text": "\"FC Bayern Munich\"\nnot selected for the Bundesliga at its inception in 1963. The club had its period of greatest success in the middle of the 1970s when, under the captaincy of Franz Beckenbauer, it won the European Cup three times in a row (1974–1976). Overall, Bayern has reached ten European Cup/UEFA Champions League finals, most recently winning their fifth title in 2013 as part of a continental treble. Bayern has also won one UEFA Cup, one European Cup Winners' Cup, one UEFA Super Cup, one FIFA Club World Cup and two Intercontinental Cups, making it one of the most successful European clubs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6734713", "chunk_text": "\"FC Bayern Munich in international football competitions\"\nsix titles in a row was claimed), but defeated by Spanish opposition in the later stages of the Champions League (falling to winners Barcelona in 2015, to runners-up Atlético Madrid in 2016 – in the clubs' first meeting since the 1974 final – and to winners Real Madrid in both 2017 and 2018). Thomas Müller's Champions League goal tally stood at 42 by the end of 2017–18, a club record in that competition ahead of Lewandowski but some way behind namesake Gerd's overall total of 67 in all competitions. Bayern had another player to add to their list of World", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10427399", "chunk_text": "\"History of FC Bayern Munich\"\nin a row (1974–76). Overall, Bayern has reached ten European Cup/UEFA Champions League finals, most recently winning their fifth title in 2013 as part of a continental treble. Bayern has also won one UEFA Cup, one European Cup Winners' Cup, one UEFA Super Cup, one FIFA Club World Cup and two Intercontinental Cups, making it one of the most successful European clubs internationally. Since the formation of the Bundesliga, Bayern has been the dominant club in German football with 27 titles and has won 10 of the last 14 titles. The club was formed in 1900 when a number of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10427456", "chunk_text": "\"History of FC Bayern Munich\"\nqualification spot. In the 2011–12 Champions League campaign, the team reached the final after eliminating Real Madrid in a penalty shoot-out at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, but lost out eventually on another penalty shoot-out to hand Chelsea their first European triumph. In the 2012–13 season, Bayern reached their third European final in four successive campaigns, memorably routing favourites and Spanish domestic champions Barcelona 7–0 over two legs. On 25 May 2013, riding on a late winner from Arjen Robben, they defeated compatriots Borussia Dortmund 2–1 at Wembley Stadium to clinch their fifth European Cup title, and their first in 12", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10576368", "chunk_text": "\"FC Bayern Munich\"\ninternationally and the only German club to have won both international titles. Since the formation of the Bundesliga, Bayern has been the dominant club in German football with 28 titles and has won 10 of the last 14 titles. They have traditional local rivalries with 1860 Munich and 1. FC Nürnberg, as well as with Borussia Dortmund since the mid-1990s. Since the beginning of the 2005–06 season, Bayern has played its home games at the Allianz Arena. Previously the team had played at Munich's Olympiastadion for 33 years. The team colours are red and white, and the team crest shows", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5674557", "chunk_text": "\"FC Bayern Munich\"\nManchester United due to many classic wins, draws and losses. Real Madrid versus Bayern is the match that has historically been played most often in the Champions League/European Cup with 24 matches. Due to Bayern being traditionally hard to beat for Madrid, Madrid supporters often refer to Bayern as the \"\"\"\"Bestia negra\"\"\"\" (\"\"Black Beast\"\"). Despite the number of duels, Bayern and Real have never met in the final of a Champions League or European Cup. Bayern is led mostly by former club players. Since 2016, Uli Hoeneß serves as the club's president, following Karl Hopfner who had been in office", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5674564", "chunk_text": "\"FC Bayern Munich\"\nAugust 2014 Bayern opened an office in New York City as the club wants to strengthen their brand positioning against other top European clubs in the United States. In March 2017, Bayern was the first foreign football club to open an office in mainland China. Bayern hope to attract new sponsors and to increase their merchandising sales. In 2017, Forbes ranks Bayern as the world's fourth-most valuable football club in their annual list, estimating the club's value at €2,500 billion. As a result of Bayern's appearance in the 2012 UEFA Champions League Final, the club's brand value has reached US$786", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14357018", "chunk_text": "\"FC Bayern Munich\"\nconsecutive European Cup title in old straight knockout tournament format, entitling them to wear a multiple-winner badge during Champions League matches. Bayern Munich is the only European team to have completed all available Trebles (continental treble, domestic treble and European treble). At his farewell game, Oliver Kahn was declared honorary captain of Bayern Munich. The players below are part of the FC Bayern Munich Hall of Fame. 1930s 1970s: 1980s: 1990s: 2000s: 2010s: 12 – Club Supporters (the 12th Man) Bayern had 19 coaches since its promotion to the Bundesliga in 1965. Udo Lattek, Giovanni Trapattoni and Ottmar Hitzfeld served", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "157469", "chunk_text": "\"2016–17 FC Bayern Munich season\"\nAllianz Arena, located in Munich, Germany. The season covers a period from 11 July 2016 to 30 June 2017. Bayern won the double in the previous season after winning a record-setting fourth consecutive and 25th overall Bundesliga title (26th German title) and 18th DFB-Pokal title. Manager Pep Guardiola did not extend his contract, and decided to move to Manchester City. Carlo Ancelotti was announced as his replacement in December 2015. In addition, Bayern hired Paul Clement as their assistant coach. Hermann Gerland was also kept as an assistant coach, after also having been an assistant under Louis van Gaal, Jupp", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14357019", "chunk_text": "\"FC Bayern Munich\"\ntwo terms as head coach. Franz Beckenbauer served one term as head coach and one as caretaker, while Jupp Heynckes had four separate spells as manager, including one as caretaker manager. Lattek was the club's most successful coach, having won six Bundesliga titles, two DFB Cups and the European Cup; following closely is Ottmar Hitzfeld, who won five Bundesliga titles, two DFB cups and the Champions League. The club's least successful coach was Søren Lerby, who won less than a third of his matches in charge and presided over the club's near-relegation in the 1991–92 campaign. On 6 October 2017,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13834650", "chunk_text": "\"FC Bayern Munich in international football competitions\"\nFC Bayern Munich in international football competitions FC Bayern Munich are a football club based in the city of Munich in Bavaria, Germany. Founded in 1900, they have been competing in UEFA competitions since the 1960s and have become one of the most successful teams in Europe, winning seven major continental trophies including five Champions Cup/Champions League titles and are ranked joint 3rd among all clubs across the continent in this regard. Bayern are by far Germany's most successful international representatives: no other teams from that nation have won Europe's premier competition more than once, or have more than two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19787594", "chunk_text": "\"2017–18 FC Bayern Munich season\"\nBavaria, Germany. The season covers a period from 1 July 2017 to 30 June 2018. In the previous season, Bayern won a record-setting fifth consecutive and 26th overall Bundesliga title, and 27th German title. They also won the DFL-Supercup, beating Borussia Dortmund. Bayern Munich were knocked out of the DFB-Pokal in the semi-finals by Borussia Dortmund, and were knocked out of the UEFA Champions League in the quarter-finals by Real Madrid. On 15 January 2017, Bayern announced the signing of Niklas Süle and Sebastian Rudy, both from 1899 Hoffenheim. Süle was signed for an undisclosed fee, with a five-year contract", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14356986", "chunk_text": "\"FC Bayern Munich\"\nconsecutive Champions League matches with a 3–1 away victory over CSKA Moscow. On 21 December 2013, Bayern beat Raja Casablanca 2–0 at the Stade de Marrakech to win the 2013 FIFA Club World Cup. After almost a year of investigations against Uli Hoeneß, Bayern's former player, former long-time general manager, and president at the time, he was convicted of tax evasion on 13 March 2014. Hoeneß resigned as president the next day, and Karl Hopfner was elected president on 2 May. Just days after Hoeneß conviction, on 25 March, Bayern won their 24th Bundesliga title by beating Hertha BSC 3–1", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12181234", "chunk_text": "\"FC Bayern Munich\"\nBayern won the DFB-Pokal in 1984 and went on to win five Bundesliga championships in six seasons, including a double in 1986. European success, however, was elusive during the decade; Bayern managed to claim the runners-up spot in the European Cup in 1982 and 1987. Jupp Heynckes was hired as coach in 1987, but after two consecutive championships in 1988–89 and 1989–90, Bayern's form dipped. After finishing second in 1990–91, the club finished just five points above the relegation places in 1991–92. In 1993–94, Bayern was eliminated in the UEFA Cup second round to Premier League side Norwich City, who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5674556", "chunk_text": "\"FC Bayern Munich\"\nDortmund have competed against each other for many Bundesliga titles. They also have played against each other in the DFB-Pokal final in 2008, 2012, 2014, and 2016. The 2–5 loss against Dortmund in the 2012 final was Bayern's worst ever loss in a DFB-Pokal final. Bayern and Dortmund have also played against each other in the DFL-Supercup in 1989, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016, and 2017. The height of the competition between the two clubs was when Bayern defeated Dortmund 2–1 in the final of the 2012–13 UEFA Champions League. Amongst Bayern's chief European rivals are Real Madrid, A.C. Milan, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10576422", "chunk_text": "\"FC Bayern Munich\"\ndethroned the German Cup title holders 1. FFC Frankfurt with a 2–0 in the 2011–12 final in Cologne and celebrated the biggest success of the club's history since winning the championship in 1976. In 2015 they won the Bundesliga for the first time, without any defeat. They won the 2015–16 Bundesliga, for the second time in a row. The senior football department was founded in 2002, making it the youngest division of the club, and consists of five teams. The division is intended to enable senior athletes to participate in the various senior citizen competitions in Munich. The FC Bayern", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11898937", "chunk_text": "\"2012–13 UEFA Champions League\"\nhad been runners-up in 2011-12, won by defeating Bundesliga rivals Borussia Dortmund 2–1 via an 89th-minute goal from Arjen Robben. This was Bayern's 10th final, their first European Cup title in 12 years, and their fifth overall. This was the first all-German final, and the fourth final to feature two teams from the same association, after the finals of 2000, 2003, and 2008. The defending champions, Chelsea, were eliminated in the group stage, becoming the first title holders to leave the competition at this stage. They went on to win the 2013 Europa League final, and became the first team", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14356977", "chunk_text": "\"FC Bayern Munich\"\nin the club's centenary season, Bayern won the third league and cup double in its history. A third consecutive Bundesliga title followed in 2001, won with a stoppage time goal on the final day of the league season. Days later, Bayern won the Champions League for the fourth time after a 25-year gap, defeating Valencia on penalties. The 2001–02 season began with a win in the Intercontinental Cup, but ended trophyless otherwise. In 2002–03, Bayern won their fourth double, leading the league by a record margin of 16 points. Hitzfeld's reign ended in 2004, with Bayern underperforming, including defeat by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10576381", "chunk_text": "\"FC Bayern Munich\"\nFormer trainer Jupp Heynckes was named as caretaker until the end of the season. Bayern eventually finished second, thus qualifying directly for the Champions League in 2009–10. Bayern then signed Dutch manager Louis van Gaal for the 2009–10 season. Multi-million signings of Arjen Robben and Mario Gómez also followed in a bid to return Bayern to the top of the European scene. On 8 May 2010, Bayern Munich won the 2009–10 Bundesliga after a 3–1 win at Hertha BSC. Bayern then won the DFB-Pokal on 15 May 2010 to secure the domestic double. Bayern also reached the 2010 Champions League", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13834708", "chunk_text": "\"FC Bayern Munich in international football competitions\"\nmany years). Bayern lost the 2001 UEFA Super Cup to Liverpool (whose team contained their former players Markus Babbel and Dietmar Hammann) but won the 2001 Intercontinental Cup over Boca Juniors in Tokyo through a goal from Samuel Kuffour in extra time to be named world champions for a second time. French international Lizarazu became the first player to be simultaneously a European and World champion at club and international level (the feat would later be emulated in 2011 by the Spanish players of Barcelona; Bayern's previous Champions Cup stalwarts were no longer reigning European international title holders by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20574830", "chunk_text": "\"2017 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nheadquarters in Nyon, Switzerland. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> With their win, Real Madrid secured a record-extending twelfth title in the European Cup/Champions League and became the first club to win back-to-back titles in the Champions League era. This was the club's third title win in four seasons; a feat that has only occurred thrice before – Real Madrid (1956–60), Ajax (1971–73) and Bayern Munich (1974–76). Real Madrid has not lost a final in the Champions League era, with their last defeat occurring in 1981. The victory also saw Madrid secure their first League – European Cup double since the 1957–58 season. Madrid's first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7136429", "chunk_text": "\"2018 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nMadrid reached a record 16th final after a 4–3 aggregate win against German side Bayern Munich, knocking them out of the competition for the second consecutive season. This was Real Madrid's third consecutive final, and fourth final in five tournaments with an opportunity to win a record 13th title. Previously they won finals in 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2014, 2016 and 2017; and lost in 1962, 1964 and 1981. This was also their 20th final in all seasonal UEFA competitions, having also played in two Cup Winners' Cup finals (losing in 1971 and 1983) and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5674539", "chunk_text": "\"FC Bayern Munich\"\nof Manchester City and was replaced by Carlo Ancelotti. Bayern got off to a good start under Ancelotti, defeating Dortmund 2–0 in the 2016 DFL-Supercup. Despite being eliminated in the quarter-finals of the Champions League by Real Madrid and the semi-finals of the DFB-Pokal by Borussia Dortmund, they managed to clinch a fifth consecutive Bundesliga title with three matches remaining following a 6–0 away win over VfL Wolfsburg. Ancelotti was sacked by Bayern on 28 September 2017 and replaced by interim manager Willy Sagnol, following a 3–0 loss to Paris Saint-Germain in the 2017–18 Champions League group stage and a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5674540", "chunk_text": "\"FC Bayern Munich\"\nslow start to the Bundesliga season that found them in third place. Sagnol was only in charge for eight days and managed only one game. On 9 October 2017 Jupp Heynckes returned for the fourth time to manage Bayern. Heynckes signed a contract until the end of the 2017–18 season. Bayern finished the 2017–18 season as Bundesliga champions for the sixth consecutive season, finishing 21 points ahead of second-place Schalke 04. Heynckes retired from professional football, aged 73. In the original club constitution, Bayern's colours were named as white and blue, but the club played in white shirts with black", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14356987", "chunk_text": "\"FC Bayern Munich\"\nat the Olympiastadion in Berlin. With seven matches remaining in the season, it was the earliest the championship had been won in Bundesliga history, breaking the record Bayern had set in the previous season. At the end of the season Bayern beat Borussia Dortmund 2–0 in the 2014 DFB-Pokal Final to give the club the tenth league and cup double in its history. In 2014–15, Bayern defended their league title, and, the following season, won an 11th double, including a record fourth consecutive Bundesliga title. At the end of the 2015–16 season, Guardiola left Bayern to take over as manager", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17726698", "chunk_text": "\"2012 UEFA Champions League Final\"\n2012 UEFA Champions League Final The 2012 UEFA Champions League Final was a football match which took place on Saturday, 19 May 2012 between Bayern Munich of Germany and Chelsea of England at the Allianz Arena in Munich, Germany. The match was to decide the winner of the 2011–12 season of the UEFA Champions League, Europe's premier club football tournament. Bayern were making their ninth appearance in the competition's final, having won four and lost four, most recently losing in 2010. Chelsea were appearing in their second final, having lost their first in 2008. It was the first Champions League", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13834713", "chunk_text": "\"FC Bayern Munich in international football competitions\"\nthe Russians defeated another Scottish team, Rangers, in the final. Bayern returned to winning ways domestically with another double, but surrendered both trophies in 2008–09 and once more went no further than the last eight in the Champions League. Louis van Gaal became Bayern head coach in summer 2009, spending large sums on forwards Mario Gómez and Arjen Robben, adjusting Schweinsteiger's role and installing youngsters Holger Badstuber and Thomas Müller into the line-up, while allowing players like Podolski and Lúcio to depart. The changes brought not only another domestic double but improvement in the Champions League – another final was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14356971", "chunk_text": "\"FC Bayern Munich\"\nEuropean Cup Winners' Cup, which they won in a dramatic final against Scottish club Rangers, when Franz Roth scored the decider in a 1–0 extra time victory. In 1967, Bayern retained the DFB-Pokal, but slow overall progress saw Branko Zebec take over as coach. He replaced Bayern's offensive style of play with a more disciplined approach, and in doing so achieved the first league and cup double in Bundesliga history in 1969. Bayern Munich are one of four German clubs to win the Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal in the same season along with Borussia Dortmund, 1. FC Köln and Werder Bremen.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6041877", "chunk_text": "\"FC Bayern Munich in international football competitions\"\nin both finals. Thomas Müller was the winner of the Golden Boot with five goals and was the 'best young player', while Schweinsteiger and Lahm were named in the tournament's Dream Team. In 2010–11, Bayern dropped to 3rd in the Bundesliga and made an early exit from the Champions League, with holders Inter again ending their hopes. Van Gaal departed and was replaced by Jupp Heynckes for another spell in charge. In 2011–12, after eliminating Real Madrid on penalties in the Champions League semi-final, they lost both the title race and the cup final to Borussia Dortmund by the time", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10576419", "chunk_text": "\"FC Bayern Munich\"\nBayern announced the appointment of Jupp Heynckes as manager, his fourth stint with the club. Heynckes replaced Willy Sagnol, who had taken charge following the sacking of Carlo Ancelotti. Niko Kovač is schedulued to succeed Heynckes as manager on 1 July 2018. The season-by-season performance of the club over the last ten years: The reserve team serves mainly as the final stepping stone for promising young players before being promoted to the main team. The second team is coached by Tim Walter, assisted by Rainer Ulrich and Tobias Schweinsteiger. Since the inception of the Regionalliga in 1994, the team played", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10576369", "chunk_text": "\"FC Bayern Munich\"\nthe white and blue flag of Bavaria. In terms of revenue, Bayern Munich is the biggest sports club in Germany and the fourth highest-earning football club in the world, generating €587.8 million in 2017. For the 2017–18 season, Bayern reported a revenue of €657.4 million and an operating profit of €136.5 million. This was Bayern's 26th year in a row with a profit. In November 2018, Bayern had 291,000 official members and there are 4,433 officially registered fan clubs with over 390,000 members. The club has other departments for chess, handball, basketball, gymnastics, bowling, table tennis and senior football with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10427398", "chunk_text": "\"History of FC Bayern Munich\"\nHistory of FC Bayern Munich FC Bayern Munich is a German sports club based in Munich, Bavaria. It is best known for its professional football team, which plays in the Bundesliga, the top tier of the German football league system, and is the most successful club in German football history, having won a record 28 national titles and 18 national cups. Founded in 1900 by eleven football players led by Franz John, the club had its period of greatest success in the middle of the 1970s when, under the captaincy of Franz Beckenbauer, it won the European Cup three times", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19962136", "chunk_text": "\"2012 UEFA Champions League Final\"\n2008 final in Moscow against Manchester United). It also marked the first time a Premier League team had won the Champions League since United in 2008. 2012 UEFA Champions League Final The 2012 UEFA Champions League Final was a football match which took place on Saturday, 19 May 2012 between Bayern Munich of Germany and Chelsea of England at the Allianz Arena in Munich, Germany. The match was to decide the winner of the 2011–12 season of the UEFA Champions League, Europe's premier club football tournament. Bayern were making their ninth appearance in the competition's final, having won four and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6041881", "chunk_text": "\"FC Bayern Munich in international football competitions\"\nweek, Bayern defeated Stuttgart in the 2013 DFB-Pokal Final to complete a treble (or a quadruple including the DFL-Supercup), an unprecedented feat in German football and only achieved seven times previously in other leagues across Europe. Three months later, the 2013 UEFA Super Cup saw a rematch between Bayern, now coached by Pep Guardiola, and Chelsea (who had dropped out of their Champions League defence at the group stage but gone on to win the 'Europa League', as the UEFA Cup had now been rebranded). After a 1–1 draw on 90 minutes they shared two more goals in extra time,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12181279", "chunk_text": "\"FC Bayern Munich\"\nthree-time German champions, having won in 1954, 1955, and 2014. The team also won the German Basketball Cup in 1968. The team plays its home games at the Rudi-Sedlmayer-Halle, located in the Sendling-Westpark borough of Munich. The bowling department emerged from SKC Real-Isaria in 1983 and currently consists of five teams. Directly next to the well-known club building of the football department, the team plays at the bowling alley of the Münchner Kegler-Verein. The first team plays in the second highest division of the Münchner Spielklasse Bezirksliga. The department was created in 1908, and consists of nine teams, including seven", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14356982", "chunk_text": "\"FC Bayern Munich\"\nfinal 2–5, both times finishing runner-up to Borussia Dortmund. They also reached the final of the Champions League in their home stadium, but lost to Chelsea on penalties (3–4) in what was only the club's second defeat to an English team in Munich, and their first at the Allianz Arena. In the 2012–13 season, Bayern won the 2012 DFL-Supercup 2–1 against rivals Borussia Dortmund. Bayern became the first team in history to win their first eight matches in the Bundesliga after their 5–0 away win to Fortuna Düsseldorf. On 6 April 2013, Bayern won the 2012–13 Bundesliga after a 1–0", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10427457", "chunk_text": "\"History of FC Bayern Munich\"\nyears. One week later, on 1 June 2013, Jupp Heynckes in his final match delivered a 3–2 victory over VfB Stuttgart in the German Cup final to secure a historic treble, having also wrapped up the Bundesliga eight weeks earlier. History of FC Bayern Munich FC Bayern Munich is a German sports club based in Munich, Bavaria. It is best known for its professional football team, which plays in the Bundesliga, the top tier of the German football league system, and is the most successful club in German football history, having won a record 28 national titles and 18 national", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20282909", "chunk_text": "\"2013 UEFA Champions League Final\"\na re-match of the final played two years previously. Barcelona claimed their fourth European title as they ran out 3–1 winners. This was the first time in the history of the Champions League (and European Cup) that the final was contested between two German sides. There were three previous Champions League finals between two clubs from the same country: 2000 (Spain), 2003 (Italy), and 2008 (England). It was Bayern Munich's 10th European Cup/Champions League final, third all-time behind Real Madrid (12) and Milan (11). They won four of those finals: in 1974, 1975, 1976, and most recently in 2001. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14356984", "chunk_text": "\"FC Bayern Munich\"\nDortmund at Wembley Stadium. On 1 June 2013, Bayern beat VfB Stuttgart 3–2 in the 2013 DFB-Pokal final to become the first German club in men's football to complete the treble; Bayern had missed out on trebles in 1999 and 2010. On 1 July 2013, Pep Guardiola took over as manager ahead of the 2013–14 season. Bayern also completed the signing of Mario Götze from Borussia Dortmund for €37 million, who became the most expensive German player in history (this was later surpassed by Mesut Özil's transfer from Real Madrid to Arsenal for €50 million). On 24 July 2013, it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10875862", "chunk_text": "\"FC Bayern Munich (basketball)\"\nwas its first appearance in the top European championship, and it reached the Top 16 stage. On 18 June 2014, Bayern won its third national title when it beat Alba Berlin 3–1 in the Finals. It was the first title for the team since 1955; 59 years before. Star player of the team was Malcolm Delaney, who won both the MVP and Finals MVP. In the 2014–15 season, Bayern failed to win a title. In the BBL Finals they were defeated by Brose Baskets, 3–2. The team had to wait until 2018 for its next championship, as they beat Alba", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5982895", "chunk_text": "\"Football in Munich\"\nblack shirts, while Juventus donned their blue away kit. The 2012 UEFA Champions League Final was the final match of the 2011–12 UEFA Champions League, the 57th season of the UEFA Champions League football tournament and the 20th since it was renamed from the European Champion Clubs' Cup. The match was played at the Allianz Arena and won by Chelsea F.C. Football in Munich Munich is one of the most successful footballing cities in Europe and the World with over 40 trophies, including Germany's victory in the 1974 FIFA World Cup Final. Munich is the most successful city in Bundesliga", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10576366", "chunk_text": "\"FC Bayern Munich\"\nFC Bayern Munich Fußball-Club Bayern München e.V., commonly known as FC Bayern München (), FCB, Bayern Munich, or FC Bayern, is a German sports club based in Munich, Bavaria (Bayern). It is best known for its professional football team, which plays in the Bundesliga, the top tier of the German football league system, and is the most successful club in German football history, having won a record 28 national titles and 18 national cups. FC Bayern was founded in 1900 by 11 football players, led by Franz John. Although Bayern won its first national championship in 1932, the club was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7136431", "chunk_text": "\"2018 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nfinal, their first since 2007, after a 7–6 aggregate win against Italian side Roma. They have won the final on five occasions (1977, 1978, 1981, 1984 and 2005), and have lost twice (1985 and 2007). This was also their 13th final in UEFA seasonal competitions, having played in one Cup Winners' Cup final (losing in 1966) and four UEFA Cup/Europa League finals (winning in 1973, 1976 and 2001; and losing in 2016). Liverpool were the first team since Bayern Munich in 2011–12 to reach the final having qualified for the competition through the play-off round. This was also the most", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1540960", "chunk_text": "\"Munich derby\"\nBayern's golden years began. Three German championships (1972–1974) followed by three victorious European campaigns (1974–1976) marked the most successful period in Bayern's history. While Bayern became established in the Bundesliga, 1860 became a yo-yo club. Until 1999, the last derby won by 1860 was in 1977. Even in the frequently played friendlies, Bayern mostly kept the upper hand. After 13 years mainly spent in the Bayernliga, 1860 promoted again to the top flight in 1994. In the previous season, Bayern clinched their 13th Bundesliga title. In 1999, 1860 won their first derby since 22 years. After also the return match", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8880284", "chunk_text": "\"FC Bayern Munich in international football competitions\"\ntrophy wins overall. By winning the Intercontinental Cup in 1976 and 2001, and the FIFA Club World Cup in 2013, Bayern were recognised as world champions of that year. Bayern were not one of the major teams in West Germany in the years following the end of World War II and the partition of the nation, and had been treated unfavourably by the Nazi regime due the Jewish origins of their founders. They were inaugural members of the Oberliga Süd in 1945 but never finished higher than 3rd in that region so were not eligible to compete for the overall", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8703817", "chunk_text": "\"2016–17 FC Bayern Munich season\"\nin 2014. Bayern began their International Champions Cup campaign against Milan on 27 July in Chicago. Milan took the lead, but Bayern struck back with a goals from Ribéry and Alaba to give them the lead at half-time. In the second half, Milan retook the lead after scoring two goals. However, Bayern were awarded a penalty in the dying minutes, and Ribéry converted it to secure a 3–3 draw. The match would be decided on penalties, which Bayern lost 5–3 after Rafinha missed his spot kick. However, one point was still awarded for a loss on penalties. In their second", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14356983", "chunk_text": "\"FC Bayern Munich\"\nwin at Eintracht Frankfurt with six games left, setting a new record for being the earliest ever Bundesliga winners. Other Bundesliga records set by Bayern in the 2012–13 season include most points in a season (91), highest league winning points margin (25), most wins in a season (29) and fewest goals conceded in a season (18). Bayern also equaled the record for fewest defeats in a season, losing once, to Bayer Leverkusen. Bayern also reached the Champions League final for the third time in four seasons, winning the club's fifth European Cup with a 2–1 defeat of domestic rivals Borussia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6734711", "chunk_text": "\"FC Bayern Munich in international football competitions\"\nnation's Raja Casablanca (who had unexpectedly eliminated the South American champions Atlético Mineiro) in the final to be crowned world champions for a third time. As in the European Cup and the Intercontinental Cup, they were the first German club to lift the World Club Cup. Bayern retained both the Bundesliga and the German Cup in 2014 in dominant fashion, but lost their grip on the Champions League after a heavy defeat to Real Madrid, who again went on to win it (exactly as had transpired in 2002). That summer, Germany won the 2014 FIFA World Cup: serving Bayern players", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2596884", "chunk_text": "\"2015–16 FC Bayern Munich season\"\nhis elbow. Bayern remained in first place. On 24 November, Bayern won their 100th Champions League home match, and won Group F, after they defeated Olympiacos 4–0 with goals from Douglas Costa, Robert Lewandowski, Thomas Müller, and Kingsley Coman. Holger Badstuber, who had started match since April 2015, was sent–off in the 52nd minute. Bayern finished the matchday in first place. On 9 December, Bayern finished the group stage by winning their fifth match in the group stage after defeating Dinamo Zagreb 2–0 with two goals from Robert Lewandowski. Thomas Müller failed to score from the penalty mark after the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13615247", "chunk_text": "\"UEFA Champions League\"\nSix clubs have earned this honour: Real Madrid, Ajax, Bayern Munich, Milan, Liverpool and Barcelona. Since then instead the club which wins three years in a row or five overall receives a conmemorative badge to wear permanently on their uniform. The current trophy is tall and made of silver, weighing . It was designed by Jörg Stadelmann, a jeweller from Bern, Switzerland, after the original was given to Real Madrid in 1966 in recognition of their six titles to date, and cost 10,000 Swiss francs. As of the 2012–13 season, 40 gold medals are presented to the Champions League winners,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_342	what genre is the magic tree house books?	n/a	[ "Children's historical fantasy" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5017054", "chunk_text": "\"Magic Tree House\"\nMagic Tree House The Magic Tree House is an American series of children's books written by American author Mary Pope Osborne. The original American series is illustrated by Salvatore Murdocca, although other illustrators have been used for foreign-language editions. The series consists of two groups. The first group consists of books 1-28, in which Morgan Le Fay sends Jack and Annie Smith, two normal children who are siblings from the fictional small town of Frog Creek, Pennsylvania, on numerous adventures and missions with a magical tree house. The second group, referred to as the Magic Tree House \"\"Merlin Missions,\"\" begins", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "418679", "chunk_text": "\"Magic Tree House\"\nThe movie will primarily contain plot elements from Book 29, \"\"Christmas in Camelot.\"\" Magic Tree House The Magic Tree House is an American series of children's books written by American author Mary Pope Osborne. The original American series is illustrated by Salvatore Murdocca, although other illustrators have been used for foreign-language editions. The series consists of two groups. The first group consists of books 1-28, in which Morgan Le Fay sends Jack and Annie Smith, two normal children who are siblings from the fictional small town of Frog Creek, Pennsylvania, on numerous adventures and missions with a magical tree house.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3656147", "chunk_text": "\"Mary Pope Osborne\"\nthe Magic Tree House series. Mary Pope Osborne Mary Pope Osborne (born May 20, 1949) is an American author of children's books. She is best known for the award-winning and bestselling \"\"Magic Tree House\"\" series, which has been translated into 35 languages and has sold more than 134 million copies worldwide. She is an advocate and supporter of children’s literacy, and the award-winning author of more than 100 books for children and young adults, including novels, retellings of mythology and folklore, picture books, biographies, and mysteries. Osborne is also the coauthor of the companion Magic Tree House Fact Trackers series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "418669", "chunk_text": "\"Magic Tree House\"\nTree House Fact Trackers (formerly called Magic Tree House Research Guides) are non-fiction companions to the fiction books, written by Mary Pope Osborne, Will Osborne, and Natalie Pope Boyce. They were first released in 2000 by Scholastic and Random House. They provide more in-depth follow-up information on the topics in the series than already covered. 40 have been published. The first two Fact Trackers were published in August 2000 as companions for the first two stories, then 7 to 8 years old. In 2008 story #39, \"\"Dark Day in the Deep Sea\"\" and its fact tracker #17, \"\"Sea Monsters\"\" were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "418737", "chunk_text": "\"Mary Pope Osborne\"\nMary Pope Osborne Mary Pope Osborne (born May 20, 1949) is an American author of children's books. She is best known for the award-winning and bestselling \"\"Magic Tree House\"\" series, which has been translated into 35 languages and has sold more than 134 million copies worldwide. She is an advocate and supporter of children’s literacy, and the award-winning author of more than 100 books for children and young adults, including novels, retellings of mythology and folklore, picture books, biographies, and mysteries. Osborne is also the coauthor of the companion Magic Tree House Fact Trackers series with her husband, Will Osborne,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3656141", "chunk_text": "\"Mary Pope Osborne\"\nsince its debut in 1992 and as of 2007 the series had spent a total 132 weeks on the New York Times Bestsellers List. Owing to the successful sales of the books, Osborne for many years resisted efforts to commercialize the characters and books wanting them to live in the imaginations of children. The first of the \"\"Magic Tree House\"\" books, Dinosaurs Before Dark, was published in 1992. She was initially inspired to write the books while working in a teen homeless shelter and realizing that for the teens writing themselves into stories taking place in the Himalayas or Serengeti", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14250207", "chunk_text": "\"Salvatore Murdocca\"\nSalvatore Murdocca Salvatore \"\"Sal\"\" Murdocca (born April 26, 1943) is an American children's book illustrator. He is best known as Sal Murdocca, illustrator of the Magic Tree House series written by Mary Pope Osborne (from 1992) and the nonfiction \"\"Magic Tree House Fact Checkers\"\" by Osborne and collaborators (from 2000)—about 50 and 30 volumes respectively to 2014. Murdocca grew up in Brooklyn, New York, and attended the High School of Art and Design in New York City, majoring in illustration. After graduating in 1960, he spent another year studying at the Art Students League while apprenticing in a commercial art", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14250210", "chunk_text": "\"Salvatore Murdocca\"\nwatercolor and acrylic paintings. His fine art has been represented by galleries in Nyack, NY, SOHO, NYC, and in France. Salvatore Murdocca Salvatore \"\"Sal\"\" Murdocca (born April 26, 1943) is an American children's book illustrator. He is best known as Sal Murdocca, illustrator of the Magic Tree House series written by Mary Pope Osborne (from 1992) and the nonfiction \"\"Magic Tree House Fact Checkers\"\" by Osborne and collaborators (from 2000)—about 50 and 30 volumes respectively to 2014. Murdocca grew up in Brooklyn, New York, and attended the High School of Art and Design in New York City, majoring in illustration.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "418667", "chunk_text": "\"Magic Tree House\"\nFact Trackers\"\" are co-written by Mary Pope Osborne with her husband Will Osborne or her sister Natalie Pope Boyce. In the beginning, Mary Pope Osborne wrote the books with Morgan sending the children on missions. Then she switched over to them being sent on missions by Merlin. About 10 years later, in 2015, she switched back to writing only the books with Morgan sending them on missions. These books were again, much shorter. Magic Tree House Books are for Beginning Chapter Book Readers. Adventures with Jack and Annie, for readers ages 6–9 who are just starting to read chapter books.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "418668", "chunk_text": "\"Magic Tree House\"\nMagic Tree House Merlin Mission Books 1-27 were written for more advanced readers. They are more challenging adventures for readers ages 7–10. The Magic Tree House Merlin Missions were originally ordered sequentially, starting at Book #29 (Christmas in Camelot). With the 25th anniversary re-prints, the books have been separated into their own distinct series and re-numbered starting at Merlin Mission #1. On January 6, 2015, the first Magic Tree House Super Edition was released. It is 183 pages long. The super editions are longer than the original Magic Tree House books and the Magic Tree House Merlin Missions. The Magic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6407572", "chunk_text": "\"Young adult fiction\"\nhave an ATOS level of 5.0 or above, have a larger word count, and tackle more mature and adult themes and content. Middle grade novels usually feature protagonists under the age of 13, whereas young adult novels usually feature protagonists within the age range of 12–18. Sometimes, a variety of subcategories are recognized. These include early readers and picture books (\"\"If You Give a Mouse a Cookie\"\", \"\"Magic Tree House\"\" series), chapter books (\"\"The Boxcar Children\"\"), lower middle grade (\"\"Charlotte's Web\"\", Roald Dahl's works), upper middle grade (\"\"Percy Jackson and the Olympians\"\", the first two \"\"Harry Potter\"\" installments), new young", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "418670", "chunk_text": "\"Magic Tree House\"\nthe first story and fact tracker to be published simultaneously. There are roughly six main characters throughout the Magic Tree House series. These include: Jack, Annie, Merlin, Morgan le Fay, Kathleen, and Teddy. Jack and Annie play the largest role in the series, and they embark on numerous adventures for Merlin and Morgan le Fay throughout the series. They also receive the help of the young magicians Kathleen and Teddy while they embark on their missions. Jack is the brother of Annie, the other major character in the series. He has short brown hair and wears red-rimmed glasses that have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "418741", "chunk_text": "\"Mary Pope Osborne\"\nseries in 2012, Ms. Osborne created a Magic Tree House Classroom Adventures Program. Ms. Osborne’s mission with Classroom Adventures is to inspire children to read and to love reading while simultaneously helping kids to read at grade level by the end of 3rd grade. Free of charge, the program provides a set of online educational resources for teachers and allows for Title 1 schools to apply for free Magic Tree House books. Under Classroom Adventures, Ms. Osborne, in partnership with the First Book organization in Washington, DC, has donated hundreds of thousands of Magic Tree House books to underserved schools.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3656071", "chunk_text": "\"Magic Tree House\"\ntwo children in Normandy during World War II and instead risks her life to protect ten children. Her empathic nature results in her losing her magic when she loses hope, forcing Jack and Annie to rescue her. Once her hope is restored, so is her magic. Jack has a crush on her, but it is unknown if she shares these feelings. The animated film , produced by Media Factory, premiered in Japan in October 2011 and was generally released there on January 7, 2012. In 2016, Lionsgate acquired the film rights with a script by Will Osborne and Jenny Laird.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3656142", "chunk_text": "\"Mary Pope Osborne\"\nhad a major effect on the teens. Osborne says she tried writing the book seven different ways before finding a way that worked.\"\" It introduces the main characters of Jack and Annie, a brother and sister duo of adventurers who are transported to different areas of time thanks to the titular magic treehouse. The first book established the format for feature books and introduced recurring characters Morgan le Fay and Merlin, as part of the Arthurian motifs. Osborne says she is more like Jack but wishes she was more like Annie. Osborne tends to place small cliffhangers at the end", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5562083", "chunk_text": "\"Storybook house\"\nand built one-of-a-kind homes in Oakland, Berkeley and Piedmont, California such as the impressive Houvenin House at 85 Wildwood Gardens in Piedmont (www.85wildwoodgardens.com). He also built the Steve Jobs home in Palo Alto, CA Storybook house A storybook house refers to an architectural style popularized in the 1920s in England and United States. The storybook style is a nod toward Hollywood design technically called Provincial Revivalism and more commonly called Fairy Tale or Hansel and Gretel. While there is no specific definition of what makes a house storybook style, the main factor may be a sense of playfulness and whimsy.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "418747", "chunk_text": "\"Mary Pope Osborne\"\nin her writing saying, \"\"Will has given me the support and encouragement I've needed to be a professional daydreamer-in other words, an author of children's books.\"\" Will and Mary also work with Mary's sister Natalie, on the non-fiction fact trackers. Mary notes that the three of them have lots of fun doing book tours together. She does not have any children, which she has explained as \"\"I got too busy.\"\" Her lakefront home features a tree house. Mary Pope Osborne's most prolific work has been the Magic Tree House series. The series has sold more than 134 million books worldwide", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11855990", "chunk_text": "\"Low fantasy\"\nnineteenth century. Early nineteenth century scholarship in folklore led to fantasy fiction dominating Victorian children's literature. The genre diverged into the two subgenres, high and low fantasy, after the Edwardian era. Low fantasy itself diverged into further subgenres in the twentieth century. The forms of low fantasy include personified animals, personified toys (including \"\"The Indian in the Cupboard\"\" and \"\"The Doll's House\"\"; building on the earlier \"\"The Adventures of Pinocchio\"\"), comic fantasies of exaggerated character traits and altered physics (including \"\"Pippi Longstocking\"\" and \"\"The Borrowers\"\"), magical powers, supernatural elements and time slips. French fantastic fiction is predominantly within the low", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7980492", "chunk_text": "\"Harcourt (publisher)\"\nfiction and fantasy novels for preteen and teens, as well as historical fiction. The house was the original publisher of such classics as \"\"Mary Poppins,\"\" \"\"The Borrowers\"\", and \"\"Half Magic.\"\" Harcourt School Publishers – U.S. elementary (pre-K–6) publisher with particular strength in the four major subject areas of science, reading, math and social studies. Holt, Rinehart and Winston – U.S. secondary (grades 6–12) publisher with a leading position in literature and language arts, the largest middle and secondary school discipline. Holt also publishes in science, mathematics, social studies, and world languages. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich acquired the educational arm of Holt,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15362085", "chunk_text": "\"August House\"\nAugust House August House is an independent children's book publisher established in 1978 and currently headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. August House principally focuses on publishing children's folktales, picture books, early-grade chapter books, and storytelling resource materials. August House also manages two imprints: Story Cove, an interactive picture book and multimedia series geared towards helping teachers meet classroom Common Core Standards for reading, and LittleFolk, August House's picture book line. August House is home to authors Margaret Read MacDonald, Donald Davis, Martha Hamilton, Mitch Weiss, Willy Claflin, Heather Forest, Rob Cleveland, W. C. Jameson, and Pleasant DeSpain, among others, as well", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20393823", "chunk_text": "\"Magic Tree House (film)\"\nMagic Tree House (film) \"\"Magic Tree House\"\" debuted at the 24th Tokyo International Film Festival on 23 October 2011. It was subsequently released in Japanese cinemas on 7 December 2011 and grossed 5.7 million dollars (US). Jack is a shy but confident bookworm and his sister Annie can make friends quickly with both humans and animals. One day, while they were playing together in a forest, they unexpectedly stumble upon a wooden treehouse located in this forest. This magical treehouse allows people to travel across time and space whenever they liked. Morgan le Fay is accidentally transformed into a mouse", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17903738", "chunk_text": "\"Fairytale fantasy\"\nfairytale fantasies are revisionist, often reversing the moral values of the characters involved. This may be done for the intrinsic aesthetic interest, or for a thematic exploration. Writers may also make the magic of the fairy tale self-consistent in a fantasy re-telling, based on technological extrapolation in a science fiction, or explain it away in a contemporary or historical work of fiction. Other forms of fantasy, especially comic fantasy, may include fairy tale motifs as partial elements, as when Terry Pratchett's \"\"Discworld\"\" contains a witch who lives in a gingerbread house, or when Patricia Wrede's \"\"Enchanted Forest\"\" is rife with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16687641", "chunk_text": "\"The Faraway Tree\"\nThe Faraway Tree The Faraway Tree is a series of popular novels for children by British author Enid Blyton. The titles in the series are \"\"The Enchanted Wood \"\" (1939), \"\"The Magic Faraway Tree\"\" (1943), \"\"The Folk of the Faraway Tree\"\" (1946) and \"\"Up the Faraway Tree\"\" (1951). The stories take place in an enchanted forest in which a gigantic magical tree grows – the eponymous \"\"Faraway Tree\"\". The tree is so tall that its topmost branches reach into the clouds and it is wide enough to contain small houses carved into its trunk. The forest and the tree are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9731643", "chunk_text": "\"Anne Isaacs\"\nNotable Book, \"\"The New York Times\"\" Best Illustrated Books of 1994, \"\"School Library Journal\"\" Best Books of 1994, ALA \"\"Booklist\"\" Children's Editors Choices 1994, \"\"Publishers Weekly\"\" Best Books of 1994, \"\"TIME\"\"'s 8 Best Children's Books 1994, \"\"Parenting Magazine\"\" Reading-Magic Award, 10 Best Books of 1994, and the 1995 Notable Trade Book in Language Arts. A strange treehouse is the setting for the adventures of three 1880s Pennsylvania farm children who experience it, in turn, as a refuge, a lookout post, and a frightening dragon's lair. In three interlocking stories, Tom, Emily, and Nathaniel each confront the mischief that ensues when", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20393824", "chunk_text": "\"Magic Tree House (film)\"\nnamed Peanuts by Merlin (echoing the plot from books 5-8), and Jack and Annie have to find four magic medallions to rescue her. They visit the late Cretaceous period with dinosaurs (from book 1), a medieval castle (from book 2), the town of Pompeii (from book 13) and a pirate ship (from book 4). At the end, Peanuts is once again turned into Morgan. On November 17, 2010, Publisher Media Factory revealed that the English-language children's fantasy series \"\"Magic Tree House\"\" would be adapted into an anime film . Subsequently, in the 6 March 2011 issue of the \"\"Asahi Shimbun\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5562078", "chunk_text": "\"Storybook house\"\nStorybook house A storybook house refers to an architectural style popularized in the 1920s in England and United States. The storybook style is a nod toward Hollywood design technically called Provincial Revivalism and more commonly called Fairy Tale or Hansel and Gretel. While there is no specific definition of what makes a house storybook style, the main factor may be a sense of playfulness and whimsy. Most seemed snapped out of a craggy old-world village with intentionally uneven roofs, lots of cobblestone, doors and windows which may look mismatched and odd-shaped. It took a foothold in California, particularly in Los", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17920899", "chunk_text": "\"Fantasy literature\"\nFantasy literature Fantasy literature is literature set in an imaginary universe, often but not always without any locations, events, or people from the real world. Magic, the supernatural and magical creatures are common in many of these imaginary worlds. Fantasy is a subgenre of speculative fiction and is distinguished from the genres of science fiction and horror by the absence of scientific or macabre themes, respectively, though these genres overlap. Historically, most works of fantasy were written, however, since the 1960s, a growing segment of the fantasy genre has taken the form of films, television programs, graphic novels, video games,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12397647", "chunk_text": "\"Genre fiction\"\nand legal thrillers. Suspense and mystery are key elements to the genre. Fantasy is a genre of fiction that uses magic or other supernatural elements as a main plot element, theme, or setting. Many works within the genre take place in imaginary worlds where magic and magical creatures are common. Fantasy is generally distinguished from the genres of science fiction and horror by the expectation that it steers clear of scientific and macabre themes, respectively, though there is a great deal of overlap among the three, all of which are subgenres of speculative fiction. In popular culture, the fantasy genre", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5730579", "chunk_text": "\"Historical fiction\"\npublishers will commission series of historical novels that explore different periods and times. Among the most popular contemporary series include the American Girl novels and the Magic Tree House series. A prominent award within children's historical fiction is the Scott O'Dell Award for Historical Fiction. Historical narratives have find their way also in comics and graphic novels. There are Prehistorical elements in jungle comics like Akim and Rahan. Ancient Greece inspired graphic novels are \"\"300\"\" created by Frank Miller, centered around Battle of Thermopylae, and \"\"Age of Bronze series\"\" by Eric Shanower, that retells Trojan War. Historical subjects can also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3656143", "chunk_text": "\"Mary Pope Osborne\"\nof each chapter, which has been highlighted as one of the major reasons for the appeal of the books within their target age group. Another important factor in their success is the educational nature of the series. The books are cited for their ability to interest students in history and Osborne’s usage of vocabulary encourages young readers to learn new words. The Magic Tree House brand has taken on other forms. A full-scale musical adaptation was created by Will Osborne and Randy Court; \"\"Magic Tree House: The Musical\"\", premiered in September 2007. Osborne hoped that it would have the same", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7493774", "chunk_text": "\"Mary Alice Monroe\"\nshrimping industry. Monroe has received numerous awards, including the 2008 Award for Writing from the South Carolina Center for the Book, 2014 South Carolina Award for Literary Excellence, 2015 SW Florida Author of Distinction Award, the RT Lifetime Achievement Award, the International Book Award for Green Fiction. Mary Alice Monroe is a 2018 inductee to the South Carolina Academy of Authors. This is a full list of novels from the author's website. The Beach House Series The Lowcountry Series Other novels Children's books published by Arbordale Publishing Mary Alice Monroe Mary Alice Monroe is a best-selling author known for fiction", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13706974", "chunk_text": "\"Book talk\"\nany good public speaker would, with an excited feeling, a non-monotonous tone of voice, and eye contact. Genre booktalks and first-person booktalks are fairly popular. Genres to consider for a booktalk may include classics, sports, historical fiction, science fiction and fantasy, romance, fairy tales, short stories, mystery, adventure, non-fiction, short or thin books, horror, realistic contemporary fiction, humor, adult books, graphic novels, and poetry. A genre booktalk should consist of multiple books within one chosen genre. The number of books talked depends on the age of the audience. It is encouraged to have multiple genre booktalks ready in case the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3360031", "chunk_text": "\"The Magic Key\"\nThe Magic Key The Magic Key is a series of books published for children as part of the Oxford Reading Tree, from Oxford University Press. The books are written by Roderick Hunt, illustrated by Alex Brychta, and primarily follow the lives of three children, Biff, Chip and Kipper Robinson, their parents and grandmother, and their dog, Floppy. The series was first published in 1985 with a set of 30 stories, and there are now over 300. It is used by more than 80% of schools in the United Kingdom, and has been translated into numerous languages in over 120 different", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10298315", "chunk_text": "\"The Sorcerer's House\"\nThe Sorcerer's House The Sorcerer's House is a 2010 epistolary fantasy novel by Gene Wolfe. It was published by Tor Books. When ex-convict Baxter Dunn squats in an abandoned house in the town of Medicine Man, he discovers numerous strange and supernatural phenomena — not least of which is that he has been retroactively declared the house's legal owner. \"\"Publishers Weekly\"\" called \"\"House\"\" \"\"a complex, spellbinding web\"\", and \"\"a book of wonders\"\" that \"\"speaks eloquently about the nature of responsibility and family\"\", but faulted the \"\"rushed, incoherent ending\"\", and the extent to which many characters were stereotypes; similarly, at \"\"io9\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19113507", "chunk_text": "\"House of Many Ways\"\nlong-lost Elfgift. House of Many Ways House of Many Ways is a young adult fantasy novel written by Diana Wynne Jones. The story is set in the same world as \"\"Howl's Moving Castle\"\" and \"\"Castle in the Air\"\". Charmain Baker has led a respectable, and relaxing sheltered life. She has spent her days with her nose in a book, never learning how to do even the smallest household chores. When she suddenly ends up looking after the tiny cottage of her ill Great-Uncle William she seems happy for the adventure, but the easy task of house-sitting is complicated by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14250208", "chunk_text": "\"Salvatore Murdocca\"\nstudio. After a successful nine-year career as an advertising and magazine illustrator, Mr. Murdocca gradually turned to children's book illustration. Since 1970, Mr. Murdocca has authored ten books and illustrated hundreds of education, mass market, and trade books. He has illustrated books by such noted authors as Elizabeth Winthrop (\"\"Dancing Granny\"\", Marshal Cavendish, 2003), Eve Bunting, Bill Martin Jr., Olivia Newton-John, Charles Grodin, Alan Benjamin, Laura Numeroff, Edward Packard, Jeanne Bendick, and Mary Pope Osborne. He has also illustrated several series, including George E. Stanley's Third Grade Detectives, Scaredy Cats, and Mary Pope Osborne's Magic Tree House series. In the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17285378", "chunk_text": "\"Magic Kingdom of Landover\"\nMagic Kingdom of Landover The Magic Kingdom of Landover series is a series of six fantasy novels by Terry Brooks following the adventures of a former trial lawyer named Ben Holiday, and the collection of friends and enemies that he encounters when he purchases a magical kingdom. The location of the novels centers in a fictional world known as Landover that is populated with numerous magical and fairy creatures. It takes its name from a humorous reference to \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\", particularly its \"\"land over the rainbow.\"\" It is a small world, surrounded on all sides by fairy mists", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18566504", "chunk_text": "\"The Forest House\"\nit unfavorably to \"\"The Mists of Avalon\"\". \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" praised the novel for being \"\"meticulously researched\"\" and noted that it \"\"maintains a dark edge, staying true to the turbulent times. Bradley avoids the all-too-frequent fate of the historical-novel genre: collapsing into a soggy mess.\"\" It was less successful than \"\"The Mists of Avalon\"\", though it sold modestly well. The Forest House The Forest House is a fantasy novel by American writers Marion Zimmer Bradley and Diana L. Paxson, though the latter is uncredited by the publisher. It is a prequel to Bradley's Arthurian novel \"\"The Mists of Avalon\"\". The plot", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20393829", "chunk_text": "\"Magic Tree House (film)\"\nat Shinjuku Piccadilly that day. The DVD, Blu-ray & Limited Edition of the movie were released on August 3, 2012. Magic Tree House (film) \"\"Magic Tree House\"\" debuted at the 24th Tokyo International Film Festival on 23 October 2011. It was subsequently released in Japanese cinemas on 7 December 2011 and grossed 5.7 million dollars (US). Jack is a shy but confident bookworm and his sister Annie can make friends quickly with both humans and animals. One day, while they were playing together in a forest, they unexpectedly stumble upon a wooden treehouse located in this forest. This magical treehouse", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9477752", "chunk_text": "\"Book packaging\"\nmarket, particularly for books aimed at preteens and teenagers, and in the illustrated non-fiction co-edition market. Publishing companies use the services of book-packaging companies in cases where the publishing company does not have the in-house resources to handle a project. There are two main reasons that publishing houses hire a book-packaging company: labor-intensive books (books with many illustrations or photographs, books which require coordinating the input of several authors, or 'novelty' books, such as gardening books that contain seed packages) and series books (e.g., Nancy Drew, Sweet Valley High, Goosebumps, and the For Dummies series). In many cases, the book", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19032988", "chunk_text": "\"Purple House Press\"\nPurple House Press Purple House Press is a publishing house based in Cynthiana, Kentucky. Founded in 2000 by former software engineer Jill Morgan, it specializes in bringing out-of-print children's books back into print. In the mid-1990s, Morgan purchased a copy of her own favorite kids' book, \"\"Mr. Pine's Purple House\"\", for $1. She was later shocked to discover that it, and similar books, were selling for hundreds of dollars online. Not wanting these books to die out because parents would be afraid to let their kids touch them, she took steps to make them readily-available again. As of 2017, Purple", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10118996", "chunk_text": "\"Magic Kingdom for Sale–Sold!\"\nMagic Kingdom for Sale–Sold! Magic Kingdom for Sale–Sold! is a fantasy novel by American writer Terry Brooks, the first in his Magic Kingdom of Landover. Written in 1986, it tells the story of how Ben Holiday, a talented but depressed Chicago trial lawyer, comes to be king of Landover, an otherworldly magical kingdom. The book was re-released as part of a Landover omnibus in 2009. The novel begins with Ben Holiday, a trial lawyer from Chicago, lamenting the loss of his wife and unborn child in a car accident. He finds an advertisement in an upscale Christmas catalog claiming to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15390335", "chunk_text": "\"House (novel)\"\nHouse (novel) House is a 2006 horror novel co-authored by Christian writers Frank Peretti and Ted Dekker. It loosely ties in with Dekker's Books of History Chronicles via the Paradise books. Jack and Stephanie Singleton, a married couple on the verge of a divorce, are driving to a counseling session when they find themselves lost on a deserted road in Alabama. Taking the advice of a highway patrolman, they head down a long dirt road, where they run over spikes, flattening all of their tires and stranding them. But they are near an old Victorian house in the backwoods of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17997143", "chunk_text": "\"Bizarro fiction\"\nBizarro fiction Bizarro Fiction is a contemporary literary genre, which often uses elements of absurdism, satire, and the grotesque, along with pop-surrealism and genre fiction staples, in order to create subversive, weird, and entertaining works. The term was adopted in 2005 by the independent publishing companies Eraserhead Press, Raw Dog Screaming Press, and Afterbirth Books. Much of its community revolves around Eraserhead Press, which is based in Portland, Oregon, and has hosted the BizarroCon yearly since 2008. The introduction to the first \"\"Bizarro Starter Kit\"\" describes Bizarro as \"\"literature's equivalent to the cult section at the video store\"\" and a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20393825", "chunk_text": "\"Magic Tree House (film)\"\nnewspaper, an advertisement announced that the film would be released in Japanese cinemas in 2011. This children fantasy series sold more than 3.3 million copies in Japan, and 92 million copies in 33 different countries worldwide. It is the only film adaptation of the fantasy series, animated or otherwise, although a live-action Hollywood production has also been announced. At a press conference that was held on 9 July 2011 by Japanese film distributor Gaga Communication announced that the film would be released in Japan on 7 December 2011. The film is based on the Japanese version of the series illustrated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7747039", "chunk_text": "\"Patricia Wrede\"\nPatricia Wrede Patricia Collins Wrede (; born March 27, 1953) is an American author of fantasy literature. She is known for her \"\"Enchanted Forest Chronicles\"\" series for young adults, which was voted number 84 in NPR's 100 Best-Ever Teen Novels list. Wrede graduated from Carleton College in 1974 with a BA in biology and obtained an MBA from University of Minnesota in 1977. She finished her first book in 1978 while working as an accountant and financial analyst. She was a founding member of The Scribblies, along with Pamela Dean, Emma Bull, Will Shetterly, Steven Brust and Nate Bucklin, in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8785574", "chunk_text": "\"Bethany House\"\nhave received thirty-three Gold or Platinum awards. They have also won twenty-two Christy Awards, since the award's inception in 2000. \"\"Sorted alphabetically.\"\" Bethany House Bethany House Publishers is a publisher that publishes Christian fiction and non-fiction books. Bethany House Publishers was bought in 2003 by Baker Publishing Group. Bethany House publishes both historical and contemporary fiction. Historical fiction is considered any book that is set prior to 1950. Contemporary Fiction is defined as any book which is set in the last fifty years. Fiction can be standalone books or series. Bethany House also publishes nonfiction covering a broad spectrum of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3656145", "chunk_text": "\"Mary Pope Osborne\"\nof Louis Armstrong. The show features an ensemble cast and live jazz band. It premiered in 2012 at the New Jersey Performing Arts Center and was shown free to every Newark 4th grade student. Magic Tree House Kids Shows are theatrical adaptations of selected titles in the Magic Tree House series designed specifically for performance by kids. To date, children’s shows have been created by husband and wife playwright and composer team Randy Courts and Jenny Laird in collaboration with Will Osborne based on the following Magic Tree House books: Dinosaurs Before Dark, The Knight at Dawn, Pirates Past Noon,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8785573", "chunk_text": "\"Bethany House\"\nBethany House Bethany House Publishers is a publisher that publishes Christian fiction and non-fiction books. Bethany House Publishers was bought in 2003 by Baker Publishing Group. Bethany House publishes both historical and contemporary fiction. Historical fiction is considered any book that is set prior to 1950. Contemporary Fiction is defined as any book which is set in the last fifty years. Fiction can be standalone books or series. Bethany House also publishes nonfiction covering a broad spectrum of issues relevant to the Christian. (Mettee) Bethany House has published over 1,000 books. They publish 120 books per year. Bethany House Publishers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5171293", "chunk_text": "\"Magic Kingdom of Landover\"\nform of physical decay, called the Tarnish. If unchecked, the Tarnish will eventually consume the castle and spread out into the whole of Landover. Magic Kingdom of Landover The Magic Kingdom of Landover series is a series of six fantasy novels by Terry Brooks following the adventures of a former trial lawyer named Ben Holiday, and the collection of friends and enemies that he encounters when he purchases a magical kingdom. The location of the novels centers in a fictional world known as Landover that is populated with numerous magical and fairy creatures. It takes its name from a humorous", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_343	who laid foundation stone of islamia college peshawar?	n/a	[ "Haji Sahib", "Haji Sahib of Turangzai" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20893420", "chunk_text": "\"Islamia College University\"\nIslamia College University Islamia College, Peshawar () is a Public Sector University located in midst of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Founded by the personal initiatives led by Sir S.A. Qayyum and Sir George Roos-Keppel in 1913, it is one of the oldest institutions of higher education in Pakistan, and its historical roots are traced from the culminating point of the Aligarh Movement. The university provides higher learning in arts, languages, humanities, social sciences and modern sciences. In 1950, the University of Peshawar was founded as an offshoot of Islamia College Peshawar, with the later being associated to the university as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18773808", "chunk_text": "\"Islamia College (Lahore)\"\nIslamia College (Lahore) Islamia College () is a group of three colleges in Lahore, Punjab, Peshawar affiliated with the University of Punjab. They were nationalised by the Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto regime in 1972. The college is run by the Ministry of Education (Higher Wing), Government of Punjab, Pakistan. Founded in 1892 by the Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam, the oldest of the three colleges was one of the focal points for the Pakistan Movement. The founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, visited this college to address and confer with its students. Graduates and students of this college are referred to as \"\"Habibians\"\" named after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13362154", "chunk_text": "\"Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum\"\nSahibzada Abdul Qayyum Khan Bahadur Sahibzada Sir Abdul Qayyum Khan KCIE (12 December 1863 – 4 December 1937), hailing from Topi, Swabi District, British India (modern day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan) was a distinguished educationist and politician. He is best known for establishing the Islamia College, Peshawar on the mould of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan's policy of educating Muslims. Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum started his career as a government servant but he eventually turned into a great educationist and respected politician. Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum was born into a well-known religious family of Topi. His paternal family traces its lineage back to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4486259", "chunk_text": "\"Islamia College University\"\nthe time was requested by Nawab Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum to lay the foundation stone of Islamia College. Haji Sahib agreed to the request, however, he had been declared a proclaimed offender by the British for his anti-British activities and his entry was banned into British controlled territory. He was residing in tribal territory, which was outside British control, so Nawab Sahib prevailed upon Sir George Roos-Keppel and the British to permit Haji Sahib to enter British controlled territory for one day so he could lay the foundation stone of Islamia College. The British agreed to this request with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1055407", "chunk_text": "\"Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum\"\nofficials. The \"\"Eastern Times\"\" reported \"\"... He was incomparably the greatest man that the Province had ever produced.\"\" In dedication to his services, there are numerous monuments named after him, including Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum Khan Bahadur Sahibzada Sir Abdul Qayyum Khan KCIE (12 December 1863 – 4 December 1937), hailing from Topi, Swabi District, British India (modern day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan) was a distinguished educationist and politician. He is best known for establishing the Islamia College, Peshawar on the mould of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan's policy of educating Muslims. Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum started his career as a government servant but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19384728", "chunk_text": "\"University of Peshawar\"\nfor its research in social, medical, and natural sciences having eight research centers located inside the campus. Spread over an area of as a residential campus, the university is the first public university to be established in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa. In its inaugural year, it had an enrollment of 129, of whom one was a female. The university was founded as an expansion of the Islamia College. The founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who had visited the college in 1928 had great admiration for it, referring to it as ‘my college’ and adopted it as one of the three heirs to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20893436", "chunk_text": "\"Islamia College University\"\nof knowledge and culture can spread throughout the Middle East and Central Asia.” According to the Board of Trustees, the College, which is spread over 300 acres of land, has 1089 Jaribs cultivable land in Harichand, Rai Killi and Tarnab, (District Charsadda). In addition to this, there are 395 shops and flats in the Khyber Bazaar Peshawar and main bazaar Charsadda. Islamia College University Islamia College, Peshawar () is a Public Sector University located in midst of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Founded by the personal initiatives led by Sir S.A. Qayyum and Sir George Roos-Keppel in 1913, it is one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "516637", "chunk_text": "\"Haji Sahib of Turangzai\"\nto events, and accused Haji Sahib as well as Ghaffar Khan of running a parallel government to that of the British. They had him arrested and put on trial. He briefly attempted to oppose the British government but was arrested. On the basis of lack of evidence, Haji Sahib was released, but his fellow workers were given sentences of up to three years. In 1913, Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum Khan chose Haji Sahib of Turangzai to inaugurate the foundation laying ceremony of the Darul Uloom Islamia in Peshawar, present day Islamia College. In June 1915 the British government issued an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4486258", "chunk_text": "\"Islamia College University\"\nby the Afridi Chiefs and leading religious elders. An example was set by Bibigul, widow of Khairullah Khan of Prang, who gave her ornaments on Jun 6, 1911 as her subscription towards the college fund. Subsequently, a large plot of land was purchased for the college building from the Khalil (Arbabs) of Tehkal Rs. 1,50,000/- from Nizam of Hyderabad was sent by Syed Abdul Jabbar Shah to Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum as donation for the college. Other chiefs and nobles of the North-West Frontier and Punjab, also made various donations. Haji Sahib of Turangzai, the most famous Pukhtun religious leader of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4486256", "chunk_text": "\"Islamia College University\"\nThe students told him that they needed a hostel. Nawab Sahib informed them that rather than building them a hostel at Aligarh, he would build them a college at Peshawar. Consequently, on April 12, 1911, Nawab Sahib arranged a meeting of like minded people in Peshawar at the residence of Abdul Karim, contractor at Peshawar city, which was attended by Arbab Ghulam Haider Khan Khalil of Tehkal, Habibullah Khan, Khushal Khan, Sethi Karim Bakhsh, Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum, Khan Sahib Abdul Majid Khan and others. Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum moved the motion for collection of contributions, which was instantly responded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20893421", "chunk_text": "\"Islamia College University\"\na constituent college. Initially established as Islamia College, it was granted university status by the Government of Pakistan in 2008; the word college is retained in its title for preserving its historical roots. When the new province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (previously N.W.F.P) was formed in 1901 after its separation from the Punjab, there was only one college (Edwardes College) in whole province. This scarcity of quality educational institutions forced local youth to travel to faraway regions of the country (British India) in pursuit of higher education. This same lack of educational opportunities in the region motivated Nawab Sir Sahibzada Abdul", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20893434", "chunk_text": "\"Islamia College University\"\nunderstanding that Haji Sahib would return to tribal territory once he had laid the foundation stone. Haji Sahib was permitted to enter British controlled territory for the ceremony and spent the night in the 'Pokh' Mosque of Tehkal. At the foundation stone laying ceremony, Sir Roos Keppel and other British officials were present, so Haji Sahib hid his face in his sheet (Chadar) from them and was led by Sheikh Muhammad Ibrahim to the place where he was to lay the foundation stone. After laying the stone Haji Sahib went to Tehkal and then returned to the tribal territory. https://picclick.com/PAKISTAN-1000-Rupees-Banknote-World-Money-Currency-BILL-230882141214.html#&gid=1&pid=1", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4470161", "chunk_text": "Peshawar\neducational institutes. The most renowned are, Edwardes College founded in 1900 by Herbert Edwardes, is the oldest college in the province and Islamia College Peshawar, which was established in 1913. Islamia College became university and named as Islamia College University in 2008. The following is a list of some of the public and private universities in Peshawar: The following is a list of other significant landmarks in the city that still exist in the 21st century: There are hosts of sporting facilities in Peshawar. The most renowned are Arbab Niaz Stadium, which is the International cricket ground of Peshawar and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8501924", "chunk_text": "\"Mohammed Yahya\"\nMohammed Yahya Mohammed Yahya (also known as Mohammed Yahya Jan)-(March 20, 1901 – March 4, 1990) was primarily an Educationist, serving as the founder and first head master of the Islamia High School Peshawar, the Education Minister of the N.W.F.P. and director Special Education and Princley States. Mohammed Yahya was born in Peshawar, North-West Frontier Province in 1901. Mohammed Yahya was the third son of the sixth wife of Haji Ghulam Samdani, who belonged to Barra Mulla in Kashmir. After matriculation and a bachelor's degree from Edwardes College Peshawar, Mohammed Yahya went on to Aligarh University, where he completed his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12669464", "chunk_text": "\"History of Peshawar\"\nof the city by railway to the rest of British India and renovation of the Mohabbat Khan mosque that had been desecrated by the Sikhs. The British also constructed Cunningham clock tower, in celebration of the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria, and, in 1906, constructed Victoria Hall (now home of the Peshawar Museum) in memory of Queen Victoria. The British greatly contributed to the establishment of Western-style education in Peshawar with the establishment of Edwardes College and Islamia College in 1901 and 1913, respectively—these were established in addition to numerous other schools, many of which are run by the Anglican", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1883920", "chunk_text": "\"Nasreddin Murat-Khan\"\nlocated at Minto Park (now Iqbal Park) in the walled city of Lahore. The foundation stone of Minar-e-Pakistan was laid at Minto Park on 23 March 1960. In 1963, President Ayub Khan reportedly summoned Murat-Khan to his office and took out a fountain pen from his pocket, placed it upright on his desk and instructed Murat-Khan to \"\"build me a monument like this.\"\" Murat-Khan was very keen on the supervision of the construction and the design. He frequently visited the site to inspect building material, construction quality. He did not take his prescribed fee of Rs. 250,000 and instead donated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16228231", "chunk_text": "\"Khan Abdul Ali Khan\"\nKhan Abdul Ali Khan Khan Abdul Ali Khan (; 20 August 1922 – 19 February 1997) was a Pakistani educationist, former Principal of Islamia College Peshawar, The FazleHaq College Mardan, Aitchison College, former Vice Chancellor of Peshawar University, Gomal University and former Education Secretary of NWFP. Born into a political family, Abdul Ali Khan was the youngest son of Bāchā Khān. He remained apolitical in his whole life .He was educated in Colonel Brown Cambridge School in Dehra Dun and completed his bachelor's degree from Peshawar University, before travelling to England to complete his postgraduate studies from the University of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4966095", "chunk_text": "\"Imran Khan\"\nbearing the name of his mother, Mrs. Shaukat Khanum. As the Trust's maiden endeavour, Khan established Pakistan's first and only cancer hospital, constructed using donations and funds exceeding $25 million, raised by Khan from all over the world. On 27 April 2008, Khan established a technical college in the Mianwali District called Namal College. It was built by the Mianwali Development Trust (MDT), and is an associate college of the University of Bradford in December 2005. Imran Khan Foundation is another welfare work, which aims to assist needy people all over Pakistan. It has provided help to flood victims in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11595722", "chunk_text": "\"Hakim Ajmal Khan\"\nHakim Ajmal Khan Mohammad Ajmal Khan (11 February 1868 - 29 December 1927), better known as Hakim Ajmal Khan, was a physician in Delhi, India, and one of the founders of the Jamia Millia Islamia University. He also founded another institution, Ayurvedic and Unani Tibbia College, better known as Tibbia College, situated in Karol Bagh, Delhi. He became the university's first chancellor in 1920 and remained in office until his death in 1927. Born on 11 February 1868 (17 Shawwal 1284), Khan descended from a distinguished line of physicians who had come to India during the reign of Mughal Emperor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16228233", "chunk_text": "\"Khan Abdul Ali Khan\"\na myocardial infarction. Khan Abdul Ali Khan Khan Abdul Ali Khan (; 20 August 1922 – 19 February 1997) was a Pakistani educationist, former Principal of Islamia College Peshawar, The FazleHaq College Mardan, Aitchison College, former Vice Chancellor of Peshawar University, Gomal University and former Education Secretary of NWFP. Born into a political family, Abdul Ali Khan was the youngest son of Bāchā Khān. He remained apolitical in his whole life .He was educated in Colonel Brown Cambridge School in Dehra Dun and completed his bachelor's degree from Peshawar University, before travelling to England to complete his postgraduate studies from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8501929", "chunk_text": "\"Mohammed Yahya\"\nNaheed Raheem,Roeeda Kabir and Dr. Shahida Mohammed Yahya Mohammed Yahya (also known as Mohammed Yahya Jan)-(March 20, 1901 – March 4, 1990) was primarily an Educationist, serving as the founder and first head master of the Islamia High School Peshawar, the Education Minister of the N.W.F.P. and director Special Education and Princley States. Mohammed Yahya was born in Peshawar, North-West Frontier Province in 1901. Mohammed Yahya was the third son of the sixth wife of Haji Ghulam Samdani, who belonged to Barra Mulla in Kashmir. After matriculation and a bachelor's degree from Edwardes College Peshawar, Mohammed Yahya went on to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18773809", "chunk_text": "\"Islamia College (Lahore)\"\nthe name of the college's oldest and central building. The Islamia College on Cooper Road, Lahore, Pakistan is an all-women college and was also established by Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam in 1939. The 'Islamia College, Civil Lines' in Lahore in Pakistan was founded in 1947 on the premises of the famous DAV (Dayanand Anglo Vedic) College which then shifted to Ambala, Haryana, India after partition. Graduates and students of this college are referred to as \"\"Faranians\"\". It is near where the freedom fighter Bhagat Singh killed the British SSP J.P. Saunders. The first principal of 'Islamia College, Railway Road' was Syed Mohammed Ali", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2597774", "chunk_text": "\"Edwardes College\"\nwas replicated in a number of the college's later buildings. Edwardes College was visited three times by the founder of the nation, Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, by Mahatma Gandhi, and the previous Archbishop of Canterbury, Rowan Williams. In its early years Edwardes awarded degrees through the University of Punjab; since 1952 its degrees have been awarded through the University of Peshawar. Edwardes has hostel accommodation for about 200 male students. Edwardes College Edwardes College is the oldest higher education institution in Peshawar, the capital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The college, affiliated with the University", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8038853", "chunk_text": "\"Islamia Science College (Karachi)\"\nIslamia Science College (Karachi) ISLAMIA SCIENCE COLLEGE KARACHI () is located in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. It is one of the largest colleges in Pakistan. The college provides faculties of Science, Law, Commerce and Arts. It is located just opposite Dawood College of Engineering and Technology. Islamia Science College, Islamia Law College, Islamia Commerce and Arts College are in one complex which was founded by Late Abdul Rehman Muhammad Qureshi. The college was inaugurated by President Ayub Khan in August 1961. Abdul Rehman Muhammad Qureshi was the founder of seventeen schools and colleges which were operational under his own personal administration.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18123427", "chunk_text": "Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam\nAnjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam (\"\"The Association for the Service of Islam\"\") was founded in Lahore on 24 September 1884 in a mosque known as Masjid Bakan inside Mochi Gate, Lahore, by Khalifa Hameed-ud-Din. It was a result of the Aligarh Movement, founded by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan. Its purpose is the educational uplift of Muslims of the Indian subcontinent. One of its major efforts was the foundation of a number of schools for Muslim girls and orphanages in the Punjab, where girls were taught Urdu, the Qur'an, mathematics, needlework, and crafts. It started a publishing house for appropriate textbooks for Muslim girls'", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18401057", "chunk_text": "\"Hamdard University\"\nover 60 languages, A.V. cassettes, as well as postage stamps, coins and photographs of Hamdard University/Foundation activities, making it one of the largest libraries in South Asia. The foundation-stone of Bait al-Hikmah was laid on 17 June 1985 by the then-President of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq. It was established by Hakim Mohammed Said, the founder of Madinat al-Hikmah, a humanitarian and a philanthropist. After the completion of the Bait al-Hikmah as the first major and important institution of Madinat al-Hikmah, Hakim Said invited the then-President Ghulam Ishaq Khan to inaugurate the library on 11 December 1989.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8483854", "chunk_text": "\"Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalaya\"\nof them are C. F. Andrews, Ramsay MacDonald, Mahatma Gandhi, Pt. Madan Mohan Malaviya, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Dr Radha Krishnan, Sh.Jamnalal Bajaj, Dr. Munje, Sadhu Vaswani, Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru, Smt. Indira Gandhi and Sh. Gyani Jail Singh, Sh. L.K. Advani and in 2011 Smt. Meira Kumar, speaker Lok Sabha visited. The impetus for the foundation was found in the teachings and activities of Dayananda Saraswati, founder of the Arya Samaj. The first foundation brick was laid down in Gujrawala, Punjab. During India Partition Swami ji searched for a suitable palace in India according to the imagination of Dayananda Saraswati", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9806365", "chunk_text": "\"Fazlehaq College\"\ngrade. Male teachers make up a majority of the teaching staff. Students reside in the Sir Sahibzada House, named after Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum first Chief Minister of the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, and founder of the historic Islamia College and the University of Peshawar. The Senior School has two streams of study: Metric and GCE. Matric, equivalent to 9th and 10th grade, leads to the Matriculation Examination of the Pakistani scheme of studies. GCE, denoted as F-4 and F-5 (also equivalent to 9th and 10th grade) lead to the General Certificate of Education (GCE) Ordinary Level Examination. The college offers intermediate classes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17016012", "chunk_text": "\"Kotla Mohsin Khan\"\nKotla Mohsin Khan Kotla Mohsin Khan (, ) is a historic gate located on Kohat Road in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan, and also serves as a neighbourhood. According to one legend, it was founded over a high mound in second half of 16th century by the noted Mughal Mansabdar Arbab Mustajab Khan Momand in the presence of two renowned spiritual figures -- Hazrat Kaka Sahib Rahmkar and Akhund Dirwaiza Baba. Originally it was spread over 10 hectares of land. It is a three-storey structure. The second floor consists of small rooms and a compound while its third floor contains security", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4486255", "chunk_text": "\"Islamia College University\"\nQayyum and Sir George Roos-Keppel to establish an institution that would not only cater the academic needs of the region but also produce leaders from the region. By 1909, as the idea of a college in the province was taking shape in the minds of both Nawab Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum and Sir George Roos-Keppel, it was further strengthened by their visit to the Aligarh Muslim University the same year. Nawab Sahib asked the students, especially those from the N.W.F.P. who were studying there as to what were the problems they were facing there and how he could help them.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5223095", "chunk_text": "\"Islamia College (Lahore)\"\nJafri, who served for four years. At the same time, the college was shifted from Australia Building, Railway Road. Mr Jafri held master's degrees in six subjects from Allahabad University in India. He was also the founder member of Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam. Islamia College (Lahore) Islamia College () is a group of three colleges in Lahore, Punjab, Peshawar affiliated with the University of Punjab. They were nationalised by the Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto regime in 1972. The college is run by the Ministry of Education (Higher Wing), Government of Punjab, Pakistan. Founded in 1892 by the Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam, the oldest of the three colleges", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3853312", "chunk_text": "\"Minto Circle\"\nprovision for nearly three hundred students to reside in the hostels within the campus. The total strength of the school is around two thousand students. Henry George Impey Siddons was the first head master of this school. The current principal is Mr. Faisal Nafis. Minto Circle was founded in 1875 by the educationist and social reformer Sir Syed Ahmad Khan. The foundation stone was laid by an associate of Sir Syed, Maulvi Sami Ullah Khan, Secretary of the College Fund Committee, on 24 May 1875. Its original name was the \"\"Muhammadan Anglo Oriental Collegiate School\"\". The school grew into Muhammadan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5834153", "chunk_text": "\"Ayurvedic and Unani Tibbia College\"\nHardinge, the then Viceroy of India on 29 March 1916, the College had buildings that housed classrooms, laboratories, hospital pharmacies, hostels, office and staff quarters. A mix of classical, colonial, Mughul and Indian architecture was utilized for constructing the College buildings. This institution was the first architectural marvel in the newly founded capital of India.It came into existence much before the parliament,north and south avenues,India Gate etc.This institution was inaugurated by Father of the Nation Mahatma Gandhi on 13 February 1921. Ajmal Khan previously corresponded with Mahatma Gandhi during the Khilafat Movement, a political campaign launched mainly by Muslims in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3725125", "chunk_text": "\"Syed Ahmad Khan\"\nIslam that the Qur'an rested on an appreciation of reason and natural law, making scientific inquiry important to being a good Muslim. Sir Syed established a modern school in Aligarh and, obtaining support from wealthy Muslims and the British, laid the foundation stone of the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College on 24 May 1875. He retired from his career as a jurist the following year, concentrating entirely on developing the college and on religious reform. Sir Syed's pioneering work received support from the British. Although intensely criticised by orthodox religious leaders hostile to modern influences, Sir Syed's new institution attracted a large", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11595730", "chunk_text": "\"Hakim Ajmal Khan\"\nhis grandfather and opened 'Dawakhana Hakim Ajmal Khan' in Lahore which has branches throughout Pakistan. The motto of the Ajmal Khan family is \"\"Azal-ul-Allah-Khudatulmal\"\", which means that the best way to keep oneself busy is by serving humanity. Hakim Ajmal Khan Mohammad Ajmal Khan (11 February 1868 - 29 December 1927), better known as Hakim Ajmal Khan, was a physician in Delhi, India, and one of the founders of the Jamia Millia Islamia University. He also founded another institution, Ayurvedic and Unani Tibbia College, better known as Tibbia College, situated in Karol Bagh, Delhi. He became the university's first chancellor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10972363", "chunk_text": "\"Islamia College University\"\n... All my residuary estate including the corpus that may fall after the lapse of life interest or otherwise to be divided into three parts - and I bequeath one part to Aligarh University - one part to Islamia College Peshawar and one part to Sindh Madrassa of Karachi ... Quaid-e-Azam's Will, Bombay, May 30, 1939 Addressing the students of the college on April 12, 1948, he said: “Let me tell you that nothing is nearer to my heart than to have a great center of culture and learning in a place like Peshawar, a place from where the rays", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1749336", "chunk_text": "\"George Roos-Keppel\"\n1900 he was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE). Promoted to the brevet rank of major in 1902, he received the substantive rank of major in 1904 and promotion to Brevet lieutenant-colonel in 1907. In 1908, he was knighted with the KCIE and was promoted to full Lieutenant-Colonel in 1912. In 1913, Roos-Keppel, along with Nawab Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum established Islamia College (Peshawar), which was inaugurated by Haji Sahib Turangzai. Roos-Keppel was also president of Central Committee of Examiners in Pashto. He is credited with foreseeing the genius in the young Cambridge graduate Inayatullah", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4470125", "chunk_text": "Peshawar\nthe incident. The British laid out the vast Peshawar Cantonment to the west of the city in 1868, and made the city its frontier headquarters. Additionally, several projects were initiated in Peshawar, including linkage of the city by railway to the rest of British India and renovation of the Mohabbat Khan mosque that had been desecrated by the Sikhs. British suzerainty over regions west of Peshawar was cemented in 1893 by Sir Mortimer Durand, foreign secretary of the British Indian government, who collaboratively demarcated the border between British controlled territories in India and Afghanistan. The British built Cunningham clock tower", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6877370", "chunk_text": "\"Islamia College, Warangal\"\nIslamia College, Warangal Islamia College is located in the city of Warangal, India. It has given birth to several other educational institutions, such as L.B. College, Pothana College and Kaktiya Degree College that were originally started on its campus. Islamia College was founded by Hazrat Syed Mohammed Hussaini Haji Saheb in 1889. Hazrat Syed Mahmood son of founder also worked in different capacities. Nawab Jeevan Yar Jung was the first president of the institute. Former MLA Mirza Shukur Baig, advocate and a religious poet, served the institution as secretary. Mohammed Khaja Moinuddin Khaiser Advocate and Subordinate Judge Syed Ahmed Hussain", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15363945", "chunk_text": "\"Henry George Impey Siddons\"\nHenry George Impey Siddons Henry George Impey Siddons (1851 – 18 September 1936) was an Indian educationist. He was born in Indore, India and died on 18 September 1936 at Bath, Somerset, England. Siddons was educated at the Oxford University and then he returned to India, where his father had been a Captain in the Indian Army. He was the first headmaster of Mohammadan Anglo Oriental College (M. A. O. College) between 1875 and 1884 which later on became Aligarh Muslim University. In 1880, Sir Auckland Colvin laid the foundation stone of the Colvin Taluqdars School at Lucknow. When functional,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4286163", "chunk_text": "\"Khyber Medical College\"\nuniversities in Pakistan that has a strategic membership alliance with the World Health Organization under Global Health Workforce Alliance. Khyber Medical College, which is situated at the doorstep of university of Peshawar, occupies in the site of ancient Buddhist academy. In 1954, the foundation stone of Khyber Medical College, as faculty of Medicine, of Peshawar University, was laid by the then Governor General of Pakistan, Mr. Ghulam Muhammad. The College started functioning in 1955 with enrolment of fifty students with meager facilities. From 1955 to present the college hasundergone tremendous development. It remained under the administrative control of health department", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17112923", "chunk_text": "\"Ajmal Khan\"\nbouquet to him when he reached to the university. In light of the services rendered by Islamia College University, Peshawar Vice Chancellor Ajmal Khan in the field of education, President Mamnoon Hussain has awarded him the Sitara-e-Imtiaz. The Peshawar High Court (PHC) issued a notice on Khan on October 29, 2015 after a petitioner challenged his eligibility for the post of Vice Chancellor at Islamia College University Peshawar. Ajmal Khan Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ajmal Khan was the first Vice-Chancellor of Islamia College University, Peshawar from 26 June 2008 to 25 June 2016. He is also a cousin of Awami National", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "49396", "chunk_text": "\"Abdul Majeed Khwaja\"\ndied on 2 December 1962 and was buried in the family graveyard adjacent to the shrine of the Sufi saint Shah Jamal on the outskirts of Aligarh. Abdul Majeed was the younger of the two sons of Khwaja Muhammad Yusuf, a prominent lawyer and landowner of Aligarh who firmly believed that Western-style scientific education was critically important for the social and economic development of Indian Muslims. Khwaja Muhammad Yusuf was one of the earliest supporters of the Aligarh Movement under the leadership of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, the founder of the famous Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College which later developed into the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1324252", "chunk_text": "\"Jamia Ashrafia\"\nthe centre of the thickly populated area of Lahore. 120 \"\"kanals\"\" of land between Canal Road and Ferozepur Road were purchased on 28 March 1955, and construction of a new school building began with the laying of the foundation stone of a mosque. In 1957 the majority of staff and students shifted to the new campus, and teaching of \"\"hadith\"\" courses began under the famous scholar Muhammad Idris Kandhlawi in 1958. Today the main campus comprises a mosque, a large administrative and teaching block, two boarding houses (one for local students and one for foreign), a hospital, and residences for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10283340", "chunk_text": "\"Sulaiman Nadvi\"\nSulaiman Nadvi Sulaiman Nadvi (—; 22 November 1884 – 22 November 1953) was a Pakistani historian, biographer, littérateur and scholar of Islam. He co-authored \"\"Sirat-un-Nabi\"\" and wrote \"\"Khutbat-e-Madras\"\". Maulana Sulaiman Nadvi was the founding member of Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University) situated in New Delhi, India. He was elected as the member of the foundation committee headed by Mahmood Hasan which was met on 29 October in 1920 in Aligarh in United Province, British India. Nadvi was born on 22 November 1884 in then British India). His father, Hakeem Sayyed Abul Hasan was a Sufi. His first teachers were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11004083", "chunk_text": "\"Daly College\"\nIndore (Hokar State) then donated of land east of the old campus and rulers contributed to build on the newly acquired land. Construction started in 1906 on two student houses, a temple, a mosque and the Principal's residence. The main building was constructed with marble from the Udaipur quarries and was designed in the Indo-Saracenic architecture by Col. Sir Samuel Swinton Jacob. The clock tower was donated by H.H Maharaja Sir Sayaji Rao III Gaekwad of Baroda. The main building was officially inaugurated on 8 November 1912 by H.E. Lord Hardinge (1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst) Viceroy and Governor-General of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9943029", "chunk_text": "\"Mirzapur Cadet College\"\nin the then Mymensingh District (now Tangail district) of Bangladesh on 29 November 1963. The foundation stone is still there on the wall of the main academic building of the college. Major General Fazle Mukim Khan formally opened the college on 9 January 1965. The first principal was Mr. Michael William Pitt. Academic activities started from that year with intakes in Classes 7, 8 and 9. After 7 March speech a violent procession by an angry mob entered the college campus on the 8th. Principal Wng Comd Sulaiman Haider Kayani closed the college then and sent all the cadets home.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16228571", "chunk_text": "\"Hassan Ali Effendi\"\nHassan Ali Effendi Hassan Ali Effendi ( ; b. 14 August 1830 – 20 August 1895) was an educationist in South Asia who is credited as the founder of one of the first Muslim schools in British India: the Sindh Madrasatul Islam (established in 1885), located in Karachi in modern-day Pakistan. Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, became among the school's famous graduates. Other notable graduates of the school include Shahnawaz Bhutto, Abdullah Haroon, Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah and Allama I.I. Kazi. Effendi belonged to a respectable family of Akhunds from Hyderabad, Sindh; he had Turkish ancestry. While still very", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2857260", "chunk_text": "\"Muhammad Shafee Okarvi\"\nMuhammad Shafee Okarvi Muhammad Shafee Okarvi (; 2 February 1930 – 24 April 1984), also known by his honorific as Maulana Muhammad Shafee Okarvi, was a Pakistani religious scholar and orator. He was one of the founders of the Jamaa'at-e-Ahle-Sunnat Pakistan and the Gulzaar-e-Habeeb Trust. He has received various honors from the Pakistani government and private institutes including the \"\"Sitara-e-Imtiaz\"\". Over a span of thirty-eight years, Okarvi delivered over 18,000 speeches on many religious topics. Okarvi was born in Khem Karan, East Punjab, India, to Haaji Shaiekh Karam Ilaahi, a local businessman. He was the eldest son of seven siblings.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6580225", "chunk_text": "\"Islamia College, Gujranwala\"\nIslamia College, Gujranwala Government Post Graduate Islamia College previously known as Guru Nanak Khalsa College is an educational institution in the city of Gujranwala in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Islamia College, Gujranwala is a well-known institute, occupying a \"\"spacious campus\"\" in the heart of Gujranwala. It is one of the oldest colleges of the Punjab, established on 30 March 1917 by the Guru Nanak Khalsa Educational Trust. After the partition of India Anjuman-i-Islamia Gujranwala took possession of this college on 25 November 1947 and the institution was renamed as Islamia College, Gujranwala. In 1947, Malik Ahmed Husain became the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_344	who wrote the song city of new orleans?	n/a	[ "Steve Goodman" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13543982", "chunk_text": "\"City of New Orleans (song)\"\nCity of New Orleans (song) \"\"City of New Orleans\"\" is a folk song written by Steve Goodman (and first recorded for Goodman's self-titled 1971 album), describing a train ride from Chicago to New Orleans on the Illinois Central Railroad's \"\"City of New Orleans\"\" in bittersweet and nostalgic terms. Goodman got the idea while traveling on the Illinois Central line for a visit to his wife's family. The song has been recorded by numerous artists both in the US and Europe, including two major hit versions: first by Arlo Guthrie in 1972, and later by Willie Nelson in 1984. An article", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10268079", "chunk_text": "\"City of New Orleans (train)\"\n\"\"Saluki\"\", and \"\"City of New Orleans\"\" trains from CN's tracks to Norfolk Southern's Chicago Line in the Greater Grand Crossing neighborhood in Chicago. This will eliminate a time consuming switchback on the St. Charles Air Line into Chicago Union Station. A typical \"\"City of New Orleans\"\" consist goes as follows: \"\"City of New Orleans\"\" is a folk music song written and first performed by Steve Goodman in 1970 and subsequently recorded by Arlo Guthrie in 1972 and many other artists, notably Willie Nelson, Johnny Cash, John Denver (with slightly different lyrics), Judy Collins, and Jerry Reed. The song lyrics trace", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10697402", "chunk_text": "\"Steve Goodman\"\nbill was signed by President Barack Obama on August 3, 2010. Steve Goodman Steven Benjamin Goodman (July 25, 1948 – September 20, 1984) was an American folk music singer-songwriter from Chicago. He wrote the song \"\"City of New Orleans,\"\" which was recorded by Arlo Guthrie and many others including Joan Baez, John Denver and Judy Collins; in 1985, it received a Grammy award for best country song, as performed by Willie Nelson. Goodman had a small but dedicated group of fans for his albums and concerts during his lifetime, and is generally considered a musician's musician. His most frequently sung", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1272983", "chunk_text": "\"Steve Goodman\"\nSteve Goodman Steven Benjamin Goodman (July 25, 1948 – September 20, 1984) was an American folk music singer-songwriter from Chicago. He wrote the song \"\"City of New Orleans,\"\" which was recorded by Arlo Guthrie and many others including Joan Baez, John Denver and Judy Collins; in 1985, it received a Grammy award for best country song, as performed by Willie Nelson. Goodman had a small but dedicated group of fans for his albums and concerts during his lifetime, and is generally considered a musician's musician. His most frequently sung song is the Chicago Cubs anthem, \"\"Go, Cubs, Go\"\". Goodman died", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12966807", "chunk_text": "\"New Orleans (Hoagy Carmichael song)\"\nBlues Brothers keyboardist on \"\"Saturday Night Live\"\"). New Orleans (Hoagy Carmichael song) \"\"New Orleans\"\" is a 1932 popular song written by Hoagy Carmichael. The song is now considered a jazz standard, along with several other Carmichael compositions such as \"\"Stardust\"\", \"\"Georgia on My Mind\"\" and \"\"Lazy River\"\". The song was recorded by Bennie Moten's Kansas City Orchestra and the Casa Loma Orchestra as an up-tempo number, but failed to achieve success until Carmichael released a slower version of the song with Scottish vocalist Ella Logan. It was based on the chord progression from the bridge of two earlier standards: \"\"You", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12966805", "chunk_text": "\"New Orleans (Hoagy Carmichael song)\"\nNew Orleans (Hoagy Carmichael song) \"\"New Orleans\"\" is a 1932 popular song written by Hoagy Carmichael. The song is now considered a jazz standard, along with several other Carmichael compositions such as \"\"Stardust\"\", \"\"Georgia on My Mind\"\" and \"\"Lazy River\"\". The song was recorded by Bennie Moten's Kansas City Orchestra and the Casa Loma Orchestra as an up-tempo number, but failed to achieve success until Carmichael released a slower version of the song with Scottish vocalist Ella Logan. It was based on the chord progression from the bridge of two earlier standards: \"\"You Took Advantage of Me\"\" and \"\"Wrap Your", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19621514", "chunk_text": "\"City of New Orleans (train)\"\nSalem, Illinois. Because this train made no connections with other trains at either New Orleans or Chicago, Amtrak moved the train to an overnight schedule on November 14, 1971, and renamed it the \"\"Panama Limited\"\". In February 1981, Amtrak restored the \"\"City of New Orleans\"\" name while retaining the overnight schedule; Amtrak hoped to capitalize on the popularity of the song written by Steve Goodman and recorded in 1972 by Arlo Guthrie. A Kansas City section began operation on April 29, 1984. Known as the \"\"River Cities\"\", it separated at Centralia, Illinois (later Carbondale). This section ended on November 4,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11675378", "chunk_text": "\"City of New Orleans (song)\"\n\"\"Jingle, Jingle, Jingle\"\", The Jukebox Band sing this song to celebrate their promotion of winning the slogan contest. Israeli singer Yehoram Gaon recorded an Hebrew version, which was translated by Ilan Goldhirsch, titled \"\"Shalom lakh eretz nehederet\"\". Punk rock supergroup cover band Me First and the Gimme Gimmes released a version as a single in 2017. Judy Collins In her album \"\"Judith\"\" City of New Orleans (song) \"\"City of New Orleans\"\" is a folk song written by Steve Goodman (and first recorded for Goodman's self-titled 1971 album), describing a train ride from Chicago to New Orleans on the Illinois Central", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13543983", "chunk_text": "\"City of New Orleans (song)\"\nin the September 2017 issue of \"\"Trains\"\" magazine chronicles the writing and recording of the song and includes a biographical sketch of Steve Goodman. While at the Quiet Knight bar in Chicago, Goodman saw Arlo Guthrie, and asked to be allowed to play a song for him. Guthrie grudgingly agreed, on the condition that if Goodman bought him a beer, Guthrie would listen to him play for as long as it took to drink the beer. Goodman played \"\"City of New Orleans\"\", which Guthrie liked enough that he asked to record it. The song was a hit for Guthrie on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "587348", "chunk_text": "\"City of New Orleans (train)\"\nBourbonnais train accident. The fourth car, where the fatalities occurred, was engulfed in flames following the collision at the crossing. Because of damage to the states of Mississippi and Louisiana due to Hurricane Katrina, Amtrak was forced in late August 2005 to cancel service south of Memphis, Tennessee. Service was first restored as far south as Hammond, Louisiana, and on October 8, 2005, Amtrak resumed service to New Orleans. In December 2005 Arlo Guthrie, who helped popularize the song \"\"City of New Orleans\"\", led a fundraiser aboard the \"\"City of New Orleans\"\" and at several stops along the train's route", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7204114", "chunk_text": "\"Uptown New Orleans\"\nthough many no longer include it in their definition of Uptown. Uptown New Orleans is under the jurisdiction of the city and parish of New Orleans. For details, see New Orleans government. The United States Postal Service operates an Uptown Station. Notable Uptowners have included jazz musicians Louis Armstrong, Buddy Bolden, George Brunies, Harry Connick Jr., Percy Humphrey, the Neville Brothers, Joe \"\"King\"\" Oliver, Leon Roppolo, singers the Boswell Sisters and Mahalia Jackson; inventor A. Baldwin Wood; writers Michael Lewis, Anne Rice, and John Kennedy Toole; ethnobotanist Mark Plotkin; past and present professional football players Archie Manning and his sons", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10268069", "chunk_text": "\"City of New Orleans (train)\"\nCity of New Orleans (train) The City of New Orleans is an Amtrak passenger train which operates on an overnight schedule between Chicago and New Orleans. The train is a successor to the Illinois Central Railroad's \"\"Panama Limited\"\". The present name was revived in 1981. The original \"\"City of New Orleans\"\" began in 1947 as part of the Illinois Central Railroad, and was the longest daylight run in the United States. The daylight train under that name ran through 1971. It is the subject of the bittersweet 1971 song \"\"City of New Orleans\"\", written by Steve Goodman. Additional corridor service", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5701269", "chunk_text": "\"City of New Orleans (song)\"\nhis 1972 album \"\"Hobo's Lullaby\"\", reaching #4 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Easy Listening chart and #18 on the Hot 100 chart; it would prove to be Guthrie's only top-40 hit and one of only two he would have on the Hot 100 (the other was a severely shortened and rearranged version of his \"\"magnum opus\"\" \"\"Alice's Restaurant\"\", which hit #97). Steve Goodman won a posthumous Grammy Award for Best Country Song at the 27th Grammy Awards in 1985 for Willie Nelson's version, which was included on Nelson's 1984 album \"\"City of New Orleans\"\". It reached #1 on both the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9127227", "chunk_text": "\"The Battle of New Orleans\"\nThe Battle of New Orleans \"\"The Battle of New Orleans\"\" is a song written by Jimmy Driftwood. The song describes the War of 1812 Battle of New Orleans from the perspective of an American soldier; the song tells the tale of the battle with a light tone and provides a rather comical version of what actually happened at the battle. It has been recorded by many artists, but the singer most often associated with this song is Johnny Horton. His version scored number 1 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 in 1959 (see 1959 in music). \"\"Billboard\"\" ranked it as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2015814", "chunk_text": "\"Down in New Orleans (song)\"\nDown in New Orleans (song) \"\"Down in New Orleans\"\" is a jazz song from Disney's 2009 animated film \"\"The Princess and the Frog\"\", written by Randy Newman. Several versions of the song were recorded for use in different parts of the film and other materials. The song was nominated for Best Original Song at the 82nd Academy Awards but lost to \"\"The Weary Kind\"\" from \"\"Crazy Heart\"\". The full version of the song appears at the title sequence in the film, performed by Dr. John. The song introduces the city of New Orleans and foreshadows the manipulations of Dr. Facilier,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10335963", "chunk_text": "\"John Beland\"\ncountry with singer-songwriter Arlo Guthrie. While in Chicago, they learned a new song written by Steve Goodman during a soundcheck. All the band members were fans of the song and began to play it during their tours. It would go on to become an iconic song titled, the \"\"City Of New Orleans\"\". Guthrie and Swampwater also played Carnegie Hall that year, but Beland grew tired of Swampwater's lack of commercial chart progress and quit the band in 1972 to pursue a solo career and concentrate on playing for other acts. Beland became music director and guitarist for the country pop", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16699459", "chunk_text": "\"City Beneath the Sea (song)\"\nCity Beneath the Sea (song) \"\"City Beneath the Sea\"\" is a song by Harry Connick Jr, which first appears on the 1996 album \"\"Star Turtle\"\" and is included in the 2005 multi-artist benefit album . The song depicts unique scenes from New Orleans, and features a brief piano solo. Connick wrote the song about New Orleans when he was at his mother-in-law's (Glenna Goodacre) house in Santa Fe, New Mexico. He says, in a 1996 interview, the song was written on a deadline to complete the album. \"\"I wish I had spent more time on it, to make it musically", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8364434", "chunk_text": "\"Con Conrad\"\nCon Conrad Con Conrad (born Conrad K. Dober, June 18, 1891 – September 28, 1938) was an American songwriter and producer. Conrad was born in Manhattan, New York, and published his first song, \"\"Down in Dear Old New Orleans\"\", in 1912. Conrad produced the Broadway show \"\"The Honeymoon Express\"\", starring Al Jolson, in 1913. By 1918, Conrad was writing and publishing with Henry Waterson (1873–1933). He co-composed \"\"Margie\"\" in 1920 with and J. Russel Robinson and lyricist Benny Davis, which became his first major hit. He went on to compose hits that became standards, including: In 1923, Conrad focused on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19754254", "chunk_text": "\"Steve Goodman (album)\"\nSteve Goodman (album) Steve Goodman is the debut album of singer/songwriter Steve Goodman, released in 1971. It included his most well-known composition \"\"City of New Orleans\"\", first covered by Arlo Guthrie. The album was reissued on CD in 1999 and included two bonus tracks, \"\"Election Year Rag\"\" and \"\"Georgia Rag\"\". The album was a critical success, although a commercial failure. In reviewing the 1999 reissue, Allmusic critic William Ruhlmann called \"\"City of New Orleans\"\" the \"\"obvious standout\"\" and wrote, \"\"At a time when sensitive singer/songwriters were all the rage (a trend that probably earned Goodman his record contract), this was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16348557", "chunk_text": "\"New Orleans\"\nand Spanish Creole architecture and vibrant nightlife along Bourbon Street. The city has been described as the \"\"most unique\"\" in the United States, owing in large part to its cross-cultural and multilingual heritage. Founded in 1718 by French colonists, New Orleans was once the territorial capital of French Louisiana before being traded to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. New Orleans was once the third-most populous city in the United States, and it was the largest city in the American South from the Antebellum era until after World War II. The city's location and low elevation have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14840831", "chunk_text": "\"Jimmy Driftwood\"\nJimmy Driftwood James Corbitt Morris (June 20, 1907 – July 12, 1998), known professionally as Jimmy Driftwood or Jimmie Driftwood, was an American folk music songwriter and musician, most famous for his songs \"\"The Battle of New Orleans\"\" and \"\"Tennessee Stud\"\". Driftwood wrote more than 6,000 folk songs, of which more than 300 were recorded by various musicians. Driftwood was born in Timbo, Arkansas, on June 20, 1907. His father was folk singer Neil Morris. Driftwood learned to play the guitar at a young age on his grandfather's homemade instrument. Driftwood used that unique guitar throughout his career and noted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9993590", "chunk_text": "\"Walking to New Orleans\"\nWalking to New Orleans \"\"Walking to New Orleans\"\" is a 1960 song by Bobby Charles, written for and recorded by Fats Domino. Domino was a hero of Charles. Domino had previously recorded the Charles tune \"\"Before I Grow Too Old\"\". When Domino stopped on tour in Lafayette, Louisiana, he invited Charles into his dressing room, and regretted he did not have a copy of his new record to give to Charles, but invited Charles to come visit him in Domino's home of New Orleans. Charles replied, \"\"I don't have a car. If I'd go, I'd have to walk.\"\" Afterwards, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15721559", "chunk_text": "\"Jimmy Driftwood\"\nWashington, D.C.. Due to his extensive knowledge of folk music he was appointed as a musicologist for the National Geographic Society. During his later life Driftwood enjoyed performing free concerts for high school and college students. He died of a heart attack on July 12, 1998, in Fayetteville, Arkansas, at age 91. Jimmy Driftwood James Corbitt Morris (June 20, 1907 – July 12, 1998), known professionally as Jimmy Driftwood or Jimmie Driftwood, was an American folk music songwriter and musician, most famous for his songs \"\"The Battle of New Orleans\"\" and \"\"Tennessee Stud\"\". Driftwood wrote more than 6,000 folk songs,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11675377", "chunk_text": "\"City of New Orleans (song)\"\nCountry Singles chart in the United States and the \"\"RPM\"\" Country Tracks chart in Canada. Joe Dassin recorded a French cover, titled \"\"Salut les amoureux\"\" (\"\"Hello, lovers\"\"). The progressive bluegrass band The Seldom Scene recorded a version for their album Act I in 1972. Dutch singer Gerard Cox produced a version called \"\" 't Is weer voorbij die mooie zomer \"\" (The nice summer is over again) in 1973. John Denver recorded a version on his album \"\"All Aboard!\"\" Jimmy Buffett record two versions for his live album Live At Wrigley Field. In a Shining Time Station Season 2 episode,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1272990", "chunk_text": "\"Steve Goodman\"\nfor as long as it took Guthrie to drink the beer. Goodman played \"\"City of New Orleans\"\", which Guthrie liked enough that he asked to record it. Guthrie's version of Goodman's song became a Top-20 hit in 1972 and provided Goodman with enough financial and artistic success to make his music a full-time career. The song, about the Illinois Central's \"\"City of New Orleans\"\" train, would become an American standard, covered by such musicians as Johnny Cash, Judy Collins, Chet Atkins, Lynn Anderson, and Willie Nelson, whose recorded version earned Goodman a posthumous Grammy Award for Best Country Song in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16185036", "chunk_text": "\"Walking to New Orleans\"\npretty good, so he charged Fats $10. The song went on to sell over two million copies. The record was a hit, released on Imperial Records, reaching #6 on the pop chart and #2 on the R&B chart. In 2007, Neil Young covered the song on the album \"\"\"\". Walking to New Orleans \"\"Walking to New Orleans\"\" is a 1960 song by Bobby Charles, written for and recorded by Fats Domino. Domino was a hero of Charles. Domino had previously recorded the Charles tune \"\"Before I Grow Too Old\"\". When Domino stopped on tour in Lafayette, Louisiana, he invited Charles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20939072", "chunk_text": "\"Crescent City Blues\"\nCrescent City Blues \"\"Crescent City Blues\"\" is a song written by composer Gordon Jenkins and sung by Beverly Mahr, and released on his \"\"Seven Dreams\"\" album in 1953. It is a torch song about a lonely woman hoping to leave the Midwestern town of Crescent City. Its melody borrows heavily from the 1930s instrumental \"\"Crescent City Blues\"\" by Little Brother Montgomery. It is most notable for having been adapted by singer Johnny Cash as the \"\"Folsom Prison Blues.\"\" Jenkins was a respected composer and arranger throughout the 1930s and 1940s. As musical director for Decca Records, Jenkins released an experimental", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19044059", "chunk_text": "\"Johnny Horton\"\nBillie Jean's daughter, Jeri Lynn, was legally adopted by Johnny. Johnny Horton Johnny Horton (born as John LaGale Horton, April 30, 1925 – November 5, 1960) was an American country music, honky tonk and rockabilly singer and musician, during the 1950s and early 1960s, best known for his international hits beginning with the 1959 single \"\"The Battle of New Orleans\"\", which was awarded the 1960 Grammy Award for Best Country & Western Recording. The song was awarded the Grammy Hall of Fame Award and in 2001 ranked No. 333 of the Recording Industry Association of America's \"\"Songs of the Century\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19044044", "chunk_text": "\"Johnny Horton\"\nJohnny Horton Johnny Horton (born as John LaGale Horton, April 30, 1925 – November 5, 1960) was an American country music, honky tonk and rockabilly singer and musician, during the 1950s and early 1960s, best known for his international hits beginning with the 1959 single \"\"The Battle of New Orleans\"\", which was awarded the 1960 Grammy Award for Best Country & Western Recording. The song was awarded the Grammy Hall of Fame Award and in 2001 ranked No. 333 of the Recording Industry Association of America's \"\"Songs of the Century\"\". His first number 1 country song was in 1959, \"\"When", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8465605", "chunk_text": "\"Brookhaven, Mississippi\"\nand U.S. Route 84, which runs east-west. Amtrak's famous \"\"City of New Orleans\"\" (subject of the song ballad written by Steve Goodman and recorded by folk singer Arlo Guthrie in 1972) serves Brookhaven, going north and south on the old Illinois Central and Gulf, Mobile and Ohio railroad lines. Brookhaven's Temple B'nai Shalom is an example of Moorish Revival architecture. Brookhaven, Mississippi Brookhaven ( ) is a small city in Lincoln County, Mississippi, United States, 60 miles south of the state capital of Jackson. The population was 12,520 at the 2010 U.S. Census. It is the county seat of Lincoln", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5346382", "chunk_text": "\"The Battle of New Orleans\"\nbattleground to a campground, with the combat being changed to the Boy Scouts chasing after the Girl Scouts. The Battle of New Orleans \"\"The Battle of New Orleans\"\" is a song written by Jimmy Driftwood. The song describes the War of 1812 Battle of New Orleans from the perspective of an American soldier; the song tells the tale of the battle with a light tone and provides a rather comical version of what actually happened at the battle. It has been recorded by many artists, but the singer most often associated with this song is Johnny Horton. His version scored", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9605086", "chunk_text": "\"Heart of the Night (song)\"\nHeart of the Night (song) \"\"Heart of the Night\"\" is a song introduced on the 1978 album release by the country-rock group Poco entitled \"\"Legend\"\": a 1979 hit single, \"\"Heart of the Night\"\" is also featured on the group retrospective \"\"20th Century Masters\"\" album as well as \"\"The Essential Poco\"\" album. Featuring a lead vocal by its composer Paul Cotton, \"\"Heart of the Night\"\" is an evocation of the night life of the city of New Orleans. Cotton, who was born in Alabama but raised in Chicago, would state: \"\"I'm just drawn to the South. Hey, I spent 25 winters", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2310963", "chunk_text": "\"Steve Goodman (album)\"\none guy who was at least as interested in picking an old country song as he was in baring his soul.\"\" Steve Goodman (album) Steve Goodman is the debut album of singer/songwriter Steve Goodman, released in 1971. It included his most well-known composition \"\"City of New Orleans\"\", first covered by Arlo Guthrie. The album was reissued on CD in 1999 and included two bonus tracks, \"\"Election Year Rag\"\" and \"\"Georgia Rag\"\". The album was a critical success, although a commercial failure. In reviewing the 1999 reissue, Allmusic critic William Ruhlmann called \"\"City of New Orleans\"\" the \"\"obvious standout\"\" and wrote,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16348556", "chunk_text": "\"New Orleans\"\nNew Orleans New Orleans (, ; ) is a consolidated city-parish located along the Mississippi River in the southeastern region of the U.S. state of Louisiana. With an estimated population of 393,292 in 2017, it is the most populous city in Louisiana. A major port, New Orleans is considered an economic and commercial hub for the broader Gulf Coast region of the United States. New Orleans is world-renowned for its distinct music, Creole cuisine, unique dialect, and its annual celebrations and festivals, most notably \"\"Mardi Gras.\"\" The historic heart of the city is the French Quarter, known for its French", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1272992", "chunk_text": "\"Steve Goodman\"\nhit. Lyrically, the French, Dutch and Hebrew versions bear no resemblance to Goodman's original lyrics. According to Goodman, the song was inspired by a train trip he and his wife took from Chicago to Mattoon, Illinois. According to the liner notes on the Steve Goodman anthology \"\"No Big Surprise\"\", \"\"City of New Orleans\"\" was written while on the campaign trail with Senator Edmund Muskie. In 1974, singer David Allan Coe achieved considerable success on the country charts with Goodman's and John Prine's \"\"You Never Even Called Me by My Name\"\", a song which good-naturedly spoofed stereotypical country music lyrics. Prine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8364436", "chunk_text": "\"Con Conrad\"\n1934 along with collaborator Herb Magidson. He died four years later in Van Nuys, California. His spouse was actress Francine Larrimore. He died in Van Nuys, California, aged 47. Conrad was posthumously inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1970. Con Conrad Con Conrad (born Conrad K. Dober, June 18, 1891 – September 28, 1938) was an American songwriter and producer. Conrad was born in Manhattan, New York, and published his first song, \"\"Down in Dear Old New Orleans\"\", in 1912. Conrad produced the Broadway show \"\"The Honeymoon Express\"\", starring Al Jolson, in 1913. By 1918, Conrad was writing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16348649", "chunk_text": "\"New Orleans\"\nMuch later in its musical development, New Orleans was home to a distinctive brand of rhythm and blues that contributed greatly to the growth of rock and roll. An example of the New Orleans' sound in the 1960s is the #1 US hit \"\"Chapel of Love\"\" by the Dixie Cups, a song which knocked the Beatles out of the top spot on the Billboard Hot 100. New Orleans became a hotbed for funk music in the 1960s and 1970s, and by the late 1980s, it had developed its own localized variant of hip hop, called bounce music. While not commercially", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16348651", "chunk_text": "\"New Orleans\"\nhardcore punk, doom metal and southern rock to create an original and heady brew of swampy and aggravated metal that has largely avoided standardization. New Orleans is the southern terminus of the famed Highway 61 made musically famous by Bob Dylan. New Orleans is world-famous for its food. The indigenous cuisine is distinctive and influential. New Orleans food combined local Creole, haute Creole and New Orleans French cuisines. Local ingredients, French, Spanish, Italian, African, Native American, Cajun, Chinese, and a hint of Cuban traditions combine to produce a truly unique and easily recognizable New Orleans flavor. New Orleans is known", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14324676", "chunk_text": "\"Orleans (band)\"\nOrleans (band) Orleans is an American pop rock band best known for its hits \"\"Dance with Me\"\" (No. 6 in 1975); \"\"Still the One\"\" (No. 5), from the album \"\"Waking and Dreaming\"\" (1976); and \"\"Love Takes Time\"\" (No. 11 in 1979). The group's name evolved from the music it was playing at the time of their formation, which was inspired by Louisiana artists such as Allen Toussaint and the Neville Brothers. Orleans was formed in Woodstock, New York in January 1972 by vocalist/guitarist/songwriter John Hall, vocalist/guitarist/keyboardist Larry Hoppen and drummer/percussionist Wells Kelly. In October of that year, the group expanded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17109584", "chunk_text": "\"Allen Toussaint\"\nAllen Toussaint Allen Toussaint (; January 14, 1938 – November 10, 2015) was an American musician, songwriter, arranger and record producer, who was an influential figure in New Orleans R&B from the 1950s to the end of the century, described as \"\"one of popular music's great backroom figures.\"\" Many musicians recorded Toussaint's compositions, including \"\"Java\"\", \"\"Mother-in-Law\"\", \"\"I Like It Like That\"\", \"\"Fortune Teller\"\", \"\"Ride Your Pony\"\", \"\"Get Out of My Life Woman\"\", \"\"Working in the Coal Mine\"\", \"\"Everything I Do Gonna Be Funky\"\", \"\"Here Come the Girls\"\", \"\"Yes We Can Can\"\", \"\"Play Something Sweet\"\", and \"\"Southern Nights\"\". He was a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13408975", "chunk_text": "\"Music of New Orleans\"\na hardcore punk side project along with Mike Williams of Eyehategod and Hank Williams III named Arson Anthem. Brian Patton is a member of Eyehategod and Soilent Green. L. Ben Falgoust II is the singer of Goatwhore and Soilent Green. Music of New Orleans The music of New Orleans assumes various styles of music which have often borrowed from earlier traditions. New Orleans, Louisiana, is especially known for its strong association with jazz music, universally considered to be the birthplace of the genre. The earliest form was dixieland, which has sometimes been called traditional jazz, 'New Orleans', and 'New Orleans", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5355217", "chunk_text": "\"Arlo Guthrie\"\nArlo Guthrie Arlo Davy Guthrie (born July 10, 1947) is an American folk singer-songwriter. Like his father, Woody Guthrie, he is known for singing songs of protest against social injustice, and storytelling while performing songs. Guthrie's best-known work is his debut piece, \"\"Alice's Restaurant Massacree\"\", a satirical talking blues song about 18 minutes in length that has since become a Thanksgiving anthem. His only top-40 hit was a cover of Steve Goodman's \"\"City of New Orleans\"\". His song \"\"Massachusetts\"\" was named the official folk song of the state in which he has lived most of his adult life. Guthrie has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13712554", "chunk_text": "\"New Orleans\"\nby the New Orleans Opera. New Orleans has long been a significant center for music, showcasing its intertwined European, Latin American and African cultures. The city's unique musical heritage was born in its colonial and early American days from a unique blending of European musical instruments with African rhythms. As the only North American city to have allowed slaves to gather in public and play their native music (largely in Congo Square, now located within Louis Armstrong Park), New Orleans gave birth to an epochal indigenous music: jazz. Soon, brass bands formed, beginning a century-long tradition. The Louis Armstrong Park", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6219380", "chunk_text": "\"Geraldo Rivera\"\nwas released posthumously by Yoko Ono in 1986 as \"\"Live in New York City\"\"). Around this time, Rivera also began hosting (and executive producing) ABC's \"\"Good Night America,\"\" a late night newsmagazine which aired as part of the \"\"ABC's Wide World of Entertainment\"\" program block. The show featured the famous refrain from Arlo Guthrie's hit \"\"City of New Orleans\"\" (written by Steve Goodman) as the theme. \"\"Good Night America\"\" tackled controversial topics of the era, including marijuana usage and the status of Vietnam War draft dodgers. A 1975 episode of the program, featuring Dick Gregory and Robert J. Groden, showed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15194916", "chunk_text": "\"Gary U.S. Bonds\"\nGary U.S. Bonds Gary U.S. Bonds (born Gary Levone Anderson, June 6, 1939, in Jacksonville, Florida) is an American rhythm and blues and rock and roll singer, known for his classic hits \"\"New Orleans\"\" and \"\"Quarter to Three\"\". Born in Jacksonville, Florida, Bonds lived in Norfolk, Virginia, in the 1950s when he began singing publicly in church and with a group called the Turks. He joined record producer Frank Guida's small Legrand Records label where Guida chose Anderson's stage name, U.S. Bonds, in hopes that it would be confused with a public service announcement advertising the sale of government bonds", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "52981", "chunk_text": "\"Opelousas, Louisiana\"\nmarinades, and other products. In September 1999, Wal-Mart opened a large distribution center just north of the city. It is generating an $89 million impact per year to the area, employing over 600 full-time workers. Musician Billy Cobham recorded a song called \"\"Opelousas\"\" on his 1978 album \"\"Simplicity of Expression - Depth of Thought\"\" (Columbia Records JC 35457). The 1980s synthpop musician Thomas Dolby speaks of Opelousas in the first person in the song \"\"I Love You Goodbye\"\" from his 1992 album \"\"Astronauts & Heretics\"\". The folk-rock singer Lucinda Williams mentions Opelousas in the song \"\"Concrete and Barbed Wire\"\" from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13456281", "chunk_text": "\"New Orleans (1947 film)\"\nto Welles. The story of Louis Armstrong was to have been central to that segment of \"\"It's All True\"\". An additional connection to Welles is that several members of the film's Original New Orleans Ragtime Band — Kid Ory, Mutt Carey, Bud Scott, Barney Bigard and Zutty Singleton — had first been brought together in 1944, for his CBS Radio series, \"\"The Orson Welles Almanac\"\". \"\"New Orleans\"\" is the only feature film made by singer Billie Holiday, and the last film in which writer-producer Herbert J. Biberman was involved before he was blacklisted. The credits for \"\"New Orleans\"\" are detailed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13456280", "chunk_text": "\"New Orleans (1947 film)\"\nhowever, takes a back seat to a rather conventional plot. The movie stars Arturo de Córdova and Dorothy Patrick, features Marjorie Lord, and was directed by Arthur Lubin. A casino owner and a high society singer fall in love during the birth of the blues in New Orleans. \"\"New Orleans\"\" has its origins in an abandoned component of an unfinished RKO Pictures feature film by Orson Welles — \"\"The Story of Jazz\"\" segment of \"\"It's All True\"\". A history of jazz alternatively titled \"\"Jam Session\"\", the section of the film was being written by Elliot Paul in 1941 under contract", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3390271", "chunk_text": "\"Gary U.S. Bonds\"\nappearance in the 3rd season of Lilyhammer which stars and is produced by Steven van Zandt. Gary U.S. Bonds Gary U.S. Bonds (born Gary Levone Anderson, June 6, 1939, in Jacksonville, Florida) is an American rhythm and blues and rock and roll singer, known for his classic hits \"\"New Orleans\"\" and \"\"Quarter to Three\"\". Born in Jacksonville, Florida, Bonds lived in Norfolk, Virginia, in the 1950s when he began singing publicly in church and with a group called the Turks. He joined record producer Frank Guida's small Legrand Records label where Guida chose Anderson's stage name, U.S. Bonds, in hopes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8972642", "chunk_text": "\"NOLA (album)\"\nmembers continued their main projects. They would reunite in 1999 to make a second album, \"\"\"\", released in 2002. Album – \"\"Billboard\"\" (North America) Singles – \"\"Billboard\"\" (North America) NOLA (album) NOLA is the debut studio album by American heavy metal band Down, released on September 19, 1995 by Elektra Records. The title is the abbreviation for New Orleans (N.O.), Louisiana (LA). \"\"NOLA\"\" was written mainly by Phil Anselmo and Pepper Keenan between 1990 and 1995. Throughout 1991 to 1993 the band released three demos, a three-track demo (1991), a four-track demo (1992) and a ten-track demo (1993). Originally the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_345	who became king of erebor after thorin dies?	n/a	[ "Dáin", "his cousin Dáin" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18250562", "chunk_text": "\"Thorin Oakenshield\"\nwas buried with the Arkenstone, and Orcrist was returned and laid upon his tomb. The blade would glow blue should Orcs approach, and they could thus not take the Mountain by surprise. Thorin was succeeded as leader of Durin's Folk by his cousin Dáin. Part III of Appendix A in \"\"The Return of the King\"\" gives an overview of the history of Durin's Folk and gives more of Thorin's background. He was born in , and when Smaug attacked Erebor in 2770, Thorin was driven into exile with the other surviving dwarves. In 2799 when he was 53 (a young", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10329989", "chunk_text": "\"Middle-earth wars and battles\"\ndied defending him as he lay on the ground. Thorin died the day after the battle, after meeting Bilbo one last time. Thorin was succeeded as King of Durin's folk by Dáin Ironfoot, who then began refounding the Dwarvish kingdom of Erebor under the Mountain. Bard the Bowman re-established the Mannish city of Dale. One of the first actions of the victors, after treating their wounded and burying their dead, was to divide the fabulous treasure of Erebor. Bard took Bilbo's one-fourteenth share of the gold and silver in return for the Arkenstone, whereupon he shared his reward with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18250560", "chunk_text": "\"Thorin Oakenshield\"\nup to the leaders of the town, declaring himself as King Under the Mountain. With provisions from Lake-town, Thorin led the company to Erebor. After Smaug was destroyed, the dwarves reclaimed the treasure, and Thorin, very pleased with Bilbo, gave the Hobbit a chain-mail coat made of \"\"mithril\"\" as the first instalment of his payment. Faced with demands from Thranduil the Elvenking and Bard the Bowman for a fair share of the treasure to be distributed to the wood-elves and the men of Lake-town, Thorin let greed get the better of him and refused to acknowledge their right to any", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4331024", "chunk_text": "\"Thorin Oakenshield\"\npresence would be a small price to pay for Gandalf's help. Tolkien adopted Thorin's name from the Old Norse poem \"\"Völuspá\"\", part of the \"\"Poetic Edda\"\". The name \"\"Thorin\"\" (\"\"Þorinn\"\") appears in stanza 12, where it is used for a dwarf, and the name \"\"Oakenshield\"\" (\"\"Eikinskjaldi\"\") in stanza 13. The names also appear in Snorri Sturluson's \"\"Prose Edda\"\". The Norse \"\"Þorinn\"\" means \"\"darer\"\" or \"\"bold one\"\", which is apt for the dwarf who initiated the quest of Erebor. As he was by right of birth the king of Erebor following the death of his father Thráin, he was King under", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16957105", "chunk_text": "Durin\nBane. Durin was succeeded by his son, Náin I, whom the Balrog killed in the following year. Moria was then abandoned by its people. Durin VII or Durin the Last was the direct descendant of king Thorin III Stonehelm (according to some sources, his son), ruler of Erebor and the Iron Hills in the Fourth Age. His birth was apparently prophesied upon the accession of Dáin II after the Battle of Five Armies (although no record exists of the actual prophecy itself). He led Durin's Folk back to recolonize Khazad-dûm (Moria) at some (unspecified) time after the beginning of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11070979", "chunk_text": "\"Middle-earth dwarf characters\"\nBattle of Five Armies, Dáin was proclaimed king of Durin's Folk. He fell in the Battle of Dale and was succeeded by his son Thorin III Stonehelm. Thorin III Stonehelm ( – Fourth Age) was born the son and heir of Dáin II Ironfoot, the lord of the Iron Hills. In 2941 Dáin succeeded as King under the Mountain and King of Durin's Folk. Thorin himself succeeded to the kingships when his father was killed during the War of the Ring in T.A. 3019. Thorin III helped rebuild Erebor and Dale, and prospered. His realm became a close ally of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18250561", "chunk_text": "\"Thorin Oakenshield\"\nof the hoard. He fortified the Mountain against his new rivals, and sent to his cousin Dáin Ironfoot for reinforcements. Thorin was furious when Bilbo stole the Arkenstone to use as a bargaining counter, and drove him from the Mountain. The growing conflict was averted only by an invasion of goblins and wargs, whereupon the dwarves joined forces with the wood-elves, the men of Lake-town, and the great eagles in what became known as the Battle of Five Armies. During the battle, Thorin was mortally wounded, but he made his peace with Bilbo before he died. When Thorin died, he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11867617", "chunk_text": "\"Middle-earth dwarf characters\"\nThorin's grandfather was the last King under the Mountain. This discrepancy was noticed by readers, so in the second (1951) edition of \"\"The Hobbit\"\", Tolkien added a prefatory note, explaining that the Thrain referred to on the map was not Thorin's father or grandfather, but a distant ancestor, Thrain I. Thorin I ( – 2289) was a King of Durin's folk, and a King under the Mountain. He was born in Erebor, the son of King Thráin I; there also his son Glóin was born; and there too he succeeded his father, in T.A. 2190. However in T.A. 2210 Thorin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3368226", "chunk_text": "Heoroweard\nlong after Hrólfs death. According to Arngrímur Jónsson's epitome of \"\"Skjöldunga saga\"\", \"\"Hrólf Kraki's saga\"\" and the \"\"Chronicon Lethrense\"\", he was killed shortly after. According to Hrólf Kraki's saga, he was killed during the battle, and according to the other sources, he became king but was killed the same day. According to Arngrímur, Hereoweard was succeeded by Rörek (called \"\"Hreðric\"\" in \"\"Beowulf\"\"), the cousin of Hrólf's father, but he was attacked by Valdar. They shared the kingdom so that Rörek kept Zealand, whereas Valdar took Skåne. This version does not fit \"\"Bjarkimal\"\" as it relates that Rörik had been killed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2166095", "chunk_text": "Mithril\nOnce owned by Elendil, the first King of Arnor, it was an emblem of royalty in the North Kingdom. After Elendil fell in the War of the Last Alliance, his eldest son Isildur ascended to the throne. On his journey back to the northern capital of Arnor, his retinue was ambushed by orcs. Isildur tried to escape by jumping into a river but was killed by arrows. Saruman may have found his body there, and taken the Elendilmir from it. A replica was made, which was used by Isildur's successors up to the re-establishment of the kingdom (reunited with Gondor)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19404404", "chunk_text": "\"Dáin II Ironfoot\"\nhelp during the quest to reclaim Erebor. Dáin set out with several hundred Dwarves, and arrived just in time for the Battle of Five Armies. Thorin was mortally wounded in this battle, and after his death and the extinction of the main branch of Durin's line, Dáin succeeded Thorin as King under the Mountain and King of Durin's folk, the first not in the direct line of Durin. Dáin was killed during the War of the Ring in , defending the body of his ally King Brand of Dale before the gates of Erebor. He was by then an old", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6966995", "chunk_text": "\"Thráin II\"\nErebor. In 2770, the dragon Smaug invaded and took over Erebor, sending the whole family into exile. By 2790 the family were temporarily living in Dunland. In that year Thrór gave his heirlooms to Thráin, including the map and one of the Seven Rings, and went away. Thrór was murdered by the Orc Azog soon afterwards, making Thráin the King of Durin's folk, and setting off the War of the Dwarves and Orcs. Thráin and his sons fought in the War, which raged for years in the Misty Mountains; Frerin was killed in the final battle, in Azanulbizar in 2799.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13807544", "chunk_text": "\"Lonely Mountain\"\nthe dragon's hoard as recompense for the destruction. Thorin, mad with greed, refused all claims and sent word to his second cousin Dáin II Ironfoot, chief of the Dwarves of the Iron Hills, who brought reinforcements to the aid of Thorin and Company. However before any battle began, an army of Orcs and Wargs descended on Erebor. Dwarves, Elves, and Men joined ranks against them, which led to the Battle of Five Armies. During this battle, Thorin's nephews Fíli and Kíli were slain, and Thorin himself was mortally injured and died shortly afterwards. The title of King under the Mountain", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9930512", "chunk_text": "\"Iron Hills\"\nwas the lord of the Iron Hills after the death of his father, Náin the son of Grór. He was considered a mighty dwarf because he killed the Orc Azog of Moria, and therefore avenged his father, when he was at an age considered young to Dwarves. After the death of Thorin Oakenshield in the Battle of the Five Armies, Dáin became King of Erebor until his death during the War of the Ring. Thorin III Stonehelm Son of Dáin II. After the death of his father, he became the Lord of the people of both Erebor and the Iron", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6413779", "chunk_text": "\"Björn Ironside\"\ncarved the blood eagle on him. Later Björn and his brothers pillaged in England, Normandy, France, and Lombardy, until they came to the town Luna in Italy. When they came back to Scandinavia, they divided the kingdom so that Björn Ironside took Uppsala and Sweden. The \"\"Hervarar saga\"\" from the 13th century tells that Eysteinn Beli was killed by Björn and his brothers as told in \"\"Ragnar Lodbrok's saga\"\", and they conquered all of Sweden. When Ragnar died Björn Ironside inherited Sweden. He had two sons, Refil and Erik Björnsson, who became the next king of Sweden. According to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16868954", "chunk_text": "\"Lonely Mountain\"\nbe found in that range. After dragons plundered their hoards, the Longbeards, led now by Thrór, a descendant of Thorin, returned to Erebor to take up the title King under the Mountain. Under Thrór's reign, Erebor became a great stronghold where the dwarves became a numerous and prosperous people. The Dwarves of Erebor were at that time well known for the making of matchless weapons and armour, and there was great demand for their work by the surrounding peoples. The Longbeards amassed a large treasure hoard during this time. In 2770 T.A., while the young Thorin II Oakenshield was out", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11867615", "chunk_text": "\"Middle-earth dwarf characters\"\neffective reign there was brief), and the first King under the Mountain. He was born in Khazad-dûm, the son of Náin I. In T.A. 1980 his grandfather Durin VI was slain by the Balrog. The following year his father was also slain by the Balrog, and Thráin, now the King, fled Khazad-dûm together with the remainder of Durin's folk. They wandered across Wilderland, eventually settling in Erebor, which Thráin founded in T.A. 1999. Thráin's new realm prospered, he found the Arkenstone, and his son Thorin I and grandson were born during his long reign. On his death he was succeeded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18250550", "chunk_text": "\"Thorin Oakenshield\"\nThorin Oakenshield Thorin II Oakenshield, son of Thráin, son of Thrór, King under the Mountain is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's 1937 novel \"\"The Hobbit\"\". Thorin is the leader of the Company of Dwarves who aim to reclaim the Lonely Mountain from Smaug the dragon. He is the son of Thráin II, grandson of Thrór, and becomes King of Durin's Folk during their exile from Erebor. Thorin's background is further elaborated in Appendix A of Tolkien's 1955 novel \"\"The Return of the King\"\". Thorin is described as haughty, stern, and officious. He sings and plays the harp,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11867634", "chunk_text": "\"Middle-earth dwarf characters\"\nthe reign of his grandfather King Náin II. After his uncle King Dáin I was killed in 2589, the Dwarves left the Grey Mountains, and Farin followed his cousin Thrór to refound the kingdom of Erebor. There his sons Fundin and Gróin were born, and his oldest grandson Balin. They all left Erebor when it was sacked by Smaug, and went into wandering. His elder son Fundin was killed in the Battle of Azanulbizar; three years later Farin and his surviving family settled in the Ered Luin (Blue Mountains), where he lived the last year of his life. Frerin (", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5778241", "chunk_text": "\"Fjölnir\"\nFjölnir Fjölnir (, \"\"Manifold\"\" or \"\"Multiplier\"\") is a legendary king in Norse mythology said to have been the son of Freyr (Frey) and his consort Gerðr (Gertha). The name appears in a variety of forms, including Fiolnir, Fjölner, Fjolner, and Fjolne. He was claimed as the progenitor of the Swedish Yngling dynasty, reigning from Gamla Uppsala. According to the \"\"Grottasöngr\"\", Fjölnir lived from the 1st century BC to the early 1st century AD. Fjölnir was said to have drowned in a vat of mead while visiting Peace-Fróði, a similarly-legendary king of Zealand, the Danish island. Fjölnir was then succeeded by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4331019", "chunk_text": "\"Thorin Oakenshield\"\nHe led the expedition recounted in \"\"The Hobbit\"\" to win the Lonely Mountain back from Smaug, but was killed in the Battle of Five Armies described at the end of that book. In \"\"The Hobbit\"\", Thorin and twelve other Dwarves visited Bilbo Baggins on Gandalf's advice to hire Bilbo as a burglar to steal their treasure back from the dragon Smaug. Smaug had attacked Erebor (the Lonely Mountain) about 150 years before, and had taken both the dwarves' mountain and their treasure. Thorin was determined to get the treasure back, and especially wanted the Arkenstone, the Heart of the Mountain,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7962074", "chunk_text": "\"Thorstein the Red\"\nreceiving tribute from half of Scotland. However, the Scottish chieftains plotted against Thorstein, and he was killed; the exact nature of his death is unknown but it probably took place around 880 or 890. After Thorstein's death Aud left Caithness, sojourning for a while in Orkney before settling with other members of her clan in Iceland. Thorstein married Thurid, the daughter of Eyvind the Easterner. Thorstein and Thurid had a son, Olaf Feilan, and a number of daughters, including Groa, Thorgerd, Olof, Osk, Thorhild, and Vigdis. A woman named Unn, wife of Thorolf Mostur-beard, claimed to be the daughter of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4219246", "chunk_text": "\"Ragnar Lodbrok\"\nthe Battle of Ashdown on 8 January 871, where Bagsecg was killed. Halfdan accepted a truce from the future Alfred the Great, newly crowned king of Wessex. Halfdan succeeded Bagsecg as King of most of Denmark (Jutland and Wendland) in about 871. Bjorn Ironside became King of Sweden and Uppsala in about 865, (the same year his father Ragnar is said to have died). Bjorn had two sons, Refil and Erik Björnsson. His son Erik became the next king of Sweden, and was succeeded in turn by Erik the son of Refil. Sigurd Snake-in-the-eye became King of Zealand and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18250552", "chunk_text": "\"Thorin Oakenshield\"\nothers as well. In the year , Thorin II was born to Thráin II in the Lonely Mountain. The dwarves of the Lonely Mountain were forced to flee by the dragon Smaug in T.A. 2770 while Thorin was quite young. In exile, he became a capable warrior, and while still young participated in the Battle of Azanulbizar in T.A. 2799. During the fighting, his shield broke, and he took up an oak branch to serve as a shield; \"\"Oakenshield\"\" thus became his epithet. Thorin became King-in-Exile of Durin's Folk after his father presumably died in the dungeons of Dol Guldur.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6020417", "chunk_text": "\"Þrymr\"\nÞrymr In Norse mythology, Þrymr (\"\"Thrymr\"\", \"\"Thrym\"\"; \"\"uproar\"\") was king of the jǫtnar. In one legend, he stole Mjǫlnir, Thor's hammer, to extort the gods into giving him Freyja as his wife. His kingdom was called Jötunheimr, but according to \"\"Hversu Noregr byggðist\"\", it was the Swedish province Värmland, then a part of Norway. Þrymr was foiled in his scheme by the gracefulness of Heimdallr, the cunning of Loki, and the sheer violence of Thor, who later killed Þrymr, his sister, and all of the jotnar kin that had been present at the wedding reception. The poem \"\"Þrymskviða\"\" gives the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15676501", "chunk_text": "Freyr\nmore than he can chew and peace is negotiated after the destructive and indecisive Æsir-Vanir War. Hostages are exchanged to seal the peace deal and the Vanir send Freyr and Njörðr to live with the Æsir. At this point the saga, like \"\"Lokasenna\"\", mentions that incest was practised among the Vanir. Odin makes Njörðr and Freyr priests of sacrifices and they become influential leaders. Odin goes on to conquer the North and settles in Sweden where he rules as king, collects taxes and maintains sacrifices. After Odin's death, Njörðr takes the throne. During his rule there is peace and good", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15253266", "chunk_text": "\"Njörðr\"\nsacrifices. The Swedes recognize him as their king, and pay him tribute. Njörðr's rule is marked with peace and many great crops, so much so that the Swedes believed that Njörðr held power over the crops and over the prosperity of mankind. During his rule, most of the Æsir die, their bodies are burned, and sacrifices are made by men to them. Njörðr has himself \"\"marked for\"\" Odin and he dies in his bed. Njörðr's body is burnt by the Swedes, and they weep heavily at his tomb. After Njörðr's reign, his son Freyr replaces him, and he is greatly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11867618", "chunk_text": "\"Middle-earth dwarf characters\"\nand the greater part of his folk left Erebor, the Kingdom under the Mountain, and founded a new realm in the Ered Mithrin (Grey Mountains). There he saw the birth of his grandson. After leaving Erebor he had remained King of Durin's folk; upon his death his son, Glóin, succeeded to this kingship and the realm of Ered Mithrin. Glóin ( – 2385) was a King of Durin's folk. He was born in Erebor the son of Thorin I. In 2190 his father became King. Shortly thereafter they moved to the Ered Mithrin (Grey Mountains), where he remained the rest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18707838", "chunk_text": "\"Éomer\"\nhe is dismayed to find Théoden mortally wounded in the battle. Théoden appoints him King of Rohan with his dying breath. Seeing Éowyn seemingly dead on the battlefield, Éomer throws himself and the remaining Rohirrim at the enemy. Aragorn arrives unexpectedly from Pelargir, and joins forces with Éomer, fulfilling his prediction that they would fight together again. Aragorn's arrival and reinforcements rout the Orcs, and he and Éomer win the battle. Aragorn's healing hands later restore Éowyn to health. Éomer accompanies Aragorn to the Gates of Mordor for the final stand against Sauron. This distracts Sauron long enough for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6916772", "chunk_text": "\"Thorolf Kveldulfsson\"\nhis son, Brynjolf. But in his retirement, Bjorgolf obtained a new wife named Hildirid, a wealthy farmer's daughter, and begat two sons, Harek and Hraerek, who were now potential claimants to the land. They became known as Hildirid's sons (), and were about the same age as Brynjolf's son Bard (Bárðr inn hvíti, \"\"the White\"\"). The entire Torgar estate was inherited by Brynjolf, and he gave no share to Hildirid's sons; later on, the ownership of Torgar passed to Bard. Bard was a distant kinsman of Thorolf (see family tree on the right), and a comrade-at-arms as well. While Thorolf", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14185784", "chunk_text": "\"Balin (Middle-earth)\"\nbattle, as king Thror is dead and Thráin missing, Balin accepts Thorin as the new king, and acts throughout the films as his most trusted advisor. Balin is initially skeptical of Bilbo's competence as a burglar. He attempts to talk Thorin out of pursuing the Quest of Erebor, but follows him without question when Thorin makes his decision clear. Balin signs Bilbo's contract as a witness and later tells him the story of Azog and how Thorin acquired the epithet \"\"Oakenshield\"\", and later explains to Bilbo the significance of the Arkenstone. When the company arrive at the hidden door of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17818099", "chunk_text": "\"Eysteinn Beli\"\ntells that Eysteinn inherited Sweden from his father Harald Wartooth and ruled it until he was killed by the sons of Ragnar Lodbrok, as told in \"\"Ragnar Lodbrok's saga\"\". When Ragnar died, Björn Ironside became the king of Sweden. The \"\"Gesta Danorum\"\" (book 9) by Saxo Grammaticus also mentions Eysteinn, but only in passing. It says that Ragnar Lodbrok's son Agnar learnt that his brother Eric had been slain by Osten, the king of Sweden. He wished to avenge his brother but died in the battle. \"\"Skáldatal\"\" says that Eysteinn Beli was the patron of many skalds, including Bragi inn", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5352129", "chunk_text": "Hothbrodd\nHothbrodd Hothbrodd was a legendary Norse hero, details of whose life appear in several related variations. In the legends of the Ylfing Helgi Hundingsbane, he was the son of king Granmar of Södermanland, and he was killed by Helgi. The \"\"Chronicon Lethrense\"\" and included \"\"Annales Lundenses\"\" relate that Hother was the king of the Saxons and son of Hothbrod, whom Helghe had killed to win all of Denmark. Hother first slew Othen's (i.e. Odin) son Balder in battle and then chased Othen and Thor. Finally, Othen's son Both killed Hother. Hother, Balder, Othen and Thor were incorrectly considered to be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11867635", "chunk_text": "\"Middle-earth dwarf characters\"\n− 2799) was the second of the three children of Thráin II: he had an older brother, Thorin Oakenshield, and a younger sister, Dís. All three were born in Erebor while their grandfather Thrór was King under the Mountain. When Erebor was sacked they survived, and went with their people into wandering. However Frerin perished when he was still young by Dwarf standards: he joined in the Battle of Azanulbizar, the climactic battle of the War of the Dwarves and Orcs, and was killed beneath the East-gate of Moria. Frerin was revered in memory as a Burned Dwarf. Frór (", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9255475", "chunk_text": "\"Eysteinn Erlendsson\"\nthe start of the period known as the civil war era in Norway. Before Eysteinn could return to his seat, King Inge was killed by his nephew, Håkon Herdebrei. King Inge's supporters had rallied under the leadership of Erling Skakke with his son Magnus as candidate for king. Erling Skakke was married to Kristin, daughter of King Sigurd Jorsalfar. This was the first time the throne had passed to someone who was not a king's son. Håkon Herdebrei was defeated and slain in 1162; however, the possibility remained that another claimant would appear. In this situation, Bishop Eysteinn and Erling", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10329981", "chunk_text": "\"Middle-earth wars and battles\"\nof the Misty Mountains arrived in support of the allies. Smaug was a dragon who in had destroyed the dwarf-kingdom of Erebor, which was centred under the Lonely Mountain (Sindarin \"\"Erebor\"\"), and the neighbouring wealthy town of Dale. Smaug stole all the treasure of Erebor and Dale, gathering it into a deep chamber under the Mountain, where he lived thereafter. King Thrór and the surviving Dwarves of Erebor (Durin's Folk) were driven into exile. Many years later, and some weeks before the Battle of Five Armies, Thrór's heir Thorin Oakenshield arrived in Erebor with his companions, including Bilbo. They provoked", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4331027", "chunk_text": "\"Thorin Oakenshield\"\ndwarves' escape from Goblin-Town, and Thorin sets out to kill Azog once and for all during the Battle of the Five Armies. After a prolonged fight, Thorin and Azog mortally wound each other, and Thorin dies in Bilbo's arms. Durin's Folk Thorin Oakenshield Thorin II Oakenshield, son of Thráin, son of Thrór, King under the Mountain is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's 1937 novel \"\"The Hobbit\"\". Thorin is the leader of the Company of Dwarves who aim to reclaim the Lonely Mountain from Smaug the dragon. He is the son of Thráin II, grandson of Thrór, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7507685", "chunk_text": "\"Middle-earth dwarf characters\"\nthe Reunited Kingdom of King Elessar. During his rule, Gimli led a number of Dwarves south to Aglarond, where a new lordship was established, most likely a colony of Durin's Folk under the vassalage of the King of Erebor. Thorin III had a descendant, Durin VII the Last, who was held to be the final reincarnation of Durin the Deathless. Gimli ( − Fourth Age 100), the son of Glóin, of the royal line of Durin. He was chosen by Elrond to be one of the nine members of the Fellowship of the Ring. He remained with Aragorn and Legolas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16415678", "chunk_text": "\"Hreðric and Hroðmund\"\na Rørik: \"\"... our king, who laid low Rorik (i.e. Rørik), the son of Bok the covetous, and wrapped the coward in death.\"\" \"\"Rørik\"\" is the expected Old East Norse form of \"\"Hreðric\"\", and personages named \"\"Rørik\"\", \"\"Hrok\"\" or similar such names can be found in most versions of the Hrólf Kraki tradition. In the \"\"Skjöldunga saga\"\", Valdar disputes Hrörekr's succession of Hrólfr Kraki as the king of the Daner. After the war, Hrörekr took Zealand, while Valdar took Skåne. If based on the same tradition as \"\"Hversu Noregr byggdist\"\", Valdar had the right to claim the throne being the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17165435", "chunk_text": "\"Thorfinn Torf-Einarsson\"\nbe an old man and may have died c. 963 \"\"on a bed of sickness\"\". He is said to have been buried at the broch site at Howe of Hoxa on South Ronaldsay. According to \"\"St Olaf's Saga\"\" his sons became Earls after him but the earldom was then beset by dynastic strife. Ragnhild had her husband Arnfinn killed at Murkle in Caithness and married his brother Havard \"\"Harvest-happy\"\" who then ruled as earl for a time. Not content with this new arrangement Ragnhild then conspired with her nephew Einar \"\"kliningr\"\", who killed Havard at the battle of Havarðsteiger near", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "431749", "chunk_text": "\"Sigurd Hring\"\nher corpse was carried to Sigurd, he went aboard a large ship where he placed Alvsol and her brothers. Then, he steered the ship with full sails out on the sea, as the ship burnt. Ragnar Lodbrok succeeded his father, but put a subking on the throne of Sweden, king Eysteinn Beli, who later was killed by Ragnar's sons. According to \"\"Gesta Danorum\"\" (book 7), by Saxo Grammaticus, Hring was the son of the Danish king Randver and the maternal nephew of the Danish king Harald Wartooth. His father Ingjald had raped the sister of Harald, but the latter did", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9673519", "chunk_text": "\"Tyra of Denmark\"\nallies for a war on Denmark. On the way Olaf was ambushed by Svein and an alliance which included Olof Skötkonung, King of Sweden, and Eirik Hákonarson, Jarl of Lade. The resulting Battle of Svolder ended in the death of the Norwegian king (c. 1000). According to legend, Queen Tyra subsequently committed suicide by starvation after receiving news of her husband's death at the battle. Tyra of Denmark Tyra of Denmark (\"\"Tyri Haraldsdatter\"\", \"\"Thyri\"\" and \"\"Thyra\"\") was a 10th-century Danish princess. She was the spouse of both King Olav I of Norway and of Styrbjörn Starke, crown prince of Sweden.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17165438", "chunk_text": "\"Thorfinn Torf-Einarsson\"\nwas buried at Ham in Caithness. He was succeeded as earl by his son Sigurd. The modern Orcadian beer Skull Splitter is named after Thorfinn. Kjarvalr \"\"Írakonungr\"\" appears in the \"\"Landnámabók\"\" and has been identified as Cerball mac Dúnlainge, King of Osraige who died in 888. There is clearly a chronological problem with Earl Hlodvir, whose son Sigurd was killed at Clontarf in 1014, marrying the daughter of a king who died more than 120 years before that. Furthermore, Thorstein \"\"the Red\"\" Olafsson (fl. late 9th century and Hlodvir's great grandfather) was apparently married to a granddaughter of Kjarvalr. Woolf", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1234390", "chunk_text": "\"Arn – The Kingdom at Road's End\"\ncraftsmen and the Norwegian Templar, Harald. Arn destroys the Danish cavalry tricking them to charge into a rain of arrows. Arn charges forward on horseback to attack King Sverker, and is intercepted by Ebbe Suneson, the leader of the Danes; in the ensuing duel Arn kills him, taking a fatal wound in the exchange. The Folkung emerge victorious, but Arn dies of his wound upon his return to Forsvik. The film concludes with an epilogue foreshadowing the completion of the consolidation of Sweden into a unified kingdom a generation later through Birger Jarl, identified as Arn's grandson. In addition to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "21011117", "chunk_text": "\"The Quest of Erebor\"\nsuch as openly confronting Smaug. Thorin objected to Bilbo's inclusion in the quest, and Gandalf had a difficult time convincing him. Thorin believed that Bilbo was incapable of helping their adventure and that Gandalf might be simply meddling in his affairs for his own reasons. After much debate, Gandalf managed to convince Thorin, aided by slight misunderstandings on Thorin's part which Gandalf was able to exploit, that Bilbo would be a worthy member. Additionally, Gandalf's show of loyalty to his friendship with the Hobbit appealed to Thorin's sensibilities (as Dwarves respect loyalty to friends), leading him to be at least", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7041647", "chunk_text": "\"Hæþcyn\"\nis succeeded by Hygelac. Hæþcyn Hæthcyn () is the son of the Geatish king Hreðel in the Old English poem \"\"Beowulf\"\". The hero Beowulf is Hæþcyn's nephew. Hæþcyn kills his elder brother Herebeald with an arrow in a hunting accident, which causes their father Hrethel to die from grief. Then Hæþcyn becomes king of Geatland. During the Swedish-Geatish wars, Hæþcyn kidnaps the Swedish queen, and is killed fighting with the Swedish king Ongenþeow who saved her. The Geatish warriors seek refuge in Hrefnesholt, where they are rescued by Hygelac, who arrives the next day with reinforcements. His warrior Eofor kills", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11669742", "chunk_text": "Eldarion\nEldarion Eldarion Telcontar is a fictional character from J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium. He was the only recorded son of Arwen and Aragorn, born in the Fourth Age. He became the Second High King of the Reunited Kingdom of Gondor and Arnor after his father died. \"\"Eldarion\"\" means \"\"Son of the Eldar\"\" or \"\"Son of the Elves\"\". He was also recorded as having at least two sisters. Eldarion was descended from several royal Elven houses, including the Three High Kings of the Elves, and from the Edain. He was a grandson of Elrond and, through his grandmother Celebrían, a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1514574", "chunk_text": "\"Egil's Saga\"\nand blacksmith, and raised his sons, Thorolf (named Þórólfr after his slain brother), and Egil (the titular hero). The saga then proceeds to describe the lives of Thorolf and Egil Skallagrimsson, born in Iceland, and eventually making their way to Norway in adulthood. Thorolf visited Skallagrim's old friend in Norway, Thorir the Hersir (Þórir Hróaldsson). Here Thorolf befriended Prince Eirik Bloodaxe, Harald's favorite son and Thorir's fosterling. He approached the prince with a gift of a painted warship that Eirik was admiring, on advice of Bjorn (Björn Brynjólfsson), Thorir's brother-in-law. Afterwards Eirik Bloodaxe was crowned co-king, and as Thorolf headed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7649541", "chunk_text": "\"Historia Regum Britanniae\"\nto Britain, defeats his sons-in-law and regains the kingdom. Leir rules for three years and then dies; Cordelia inherits the throne and rules for five years before Marganus and Cunedagius, her sisters' sons, rebel against her. They imprison Cordelia; grief-stricken, she kills herself. Marganus and Cunedagius divide the kingdom between themselves, but soon quarrel and go to war with each other. Cunedagius eventually kills Marganus in Wales and retains the whole kingdom, ruling for thirty-three years. He is succeeded by his son Rivallo. A later descendant of Cunedagius, King Gorboduc, has two sons called Ferreux and Porrex. They quarrel and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19418020", "chunk_text": "\"Guðrúnarhvöt\"\nof the \"\"Poetic Edda\"\". The legend of Jörmunrek appears in the \"\"Poetic Edda\"\" as \"\"Hamðismál\"\" and \"\"Guðrúnarhvöt\"\". It also appears in Bragi Boddason's \"\"Ragnarsdrápa\"\", in the \"\"Völsunga saga\"\" and in \"\"Gesta Danorum\"\". Jordanes wrote in 551 that the Gothic king Ermanaric was upset with the attack of a subordinate king and had his wife Sunilda (i.e. Svanhild) torn to pieces by horses, and as revenge Ermanaric was pierced with spears by her brothers Ammius (Hamdir) and Sarus (Sörli) and died from the wounds. The \"\"Annals of Quedlinburg\"\" (end of the 10th century) relates that the brothers Hemidus (Hamdir), Serila (Sörli)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_346	who won the ncaa women's championship last year 2017?	n/a	[ "South Carolina Gamecocks", "South Carolina" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14583650", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\n2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game The 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament. The game was played on April 2, 2017, at American Airlines Center in Dallas. The South Carolina Gamecocks defeated the Mississippi State Bulldogs, 67–55, to claim their first-ever national championship. Going into the game, South Carolina and Mississippi State have met 35 times in women's basketball since December 29, 1984, with the Gamecocks holding a one-game edge over the Bulldogs in Southeastern Conference (SEC) play. In the 2016–17 SEC regular", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9018587", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\nas the color analysts, and Holly Rowe as the sideline reporter. Maria Taylor, Rebecca Lobo and Andy Landers provided studio coverage. 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game The 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament. The game was played on April 2, 2017, at American Airlines Center in Dallas. The South Carolina Gamecocks defeated the Mississippi State Bulldogs, 67–55, to claim their first-ever national championship. Going into the game, South Carolina and Mississippi State have met 35 times in women's basketball since December 29,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "202979", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament\"\n2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament The 2017 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Tournament was played from Friday, March 17 to Sunday, April 2, 2017, with the Final Four played at the American Airlines Center in Dallas, Texas on March 31 and April 2. This was the first time that the women's Final Four was played in Dallas and the first time since 2002 that the Final Four games were played on Friday and Sunday, rather than Sunday and Tuesday. South Carolina defeated Mississippi State to win the championship. Tennessee continued its record streak of making every NCAA Women's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14583652", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\n4 points (54–50). However, South Carolina never relinquished their lead, and held on to win, ultimately by 12 points. The South Carolina strategy was to focus on close shots, with the team only attempting three 3-pointers in the entire game. A'ja Wilson was South Carolina's top scorer with 23 points. Mississippi State guard Morgan William, who had excelled previously in the tournament, was benched for much of the game, scoring 8 points in 23 minutes of playing time. The Championship Game was televised in the United States by ESPN. Dave O'Brien gave the play-by-play, with Doris Burke and Kara Lawson", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16005701", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament\"\n2017 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament The 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament (semi-finals and final also known as the 2017 Women's College Cup) was the 36th annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of NCAA Division I women's collegiate soccer. The semi-finals and championship game were played at Orlando City Stadium in Orlando, Florida on December 1 and 3, 2017, while the preceding rounds were played at various sites across the country during November 2017. The Stanford Cardinal were tournament champions, winning the final 3–2 over the UCLA Bruins. All Division I women's soccer programs were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8004993", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\n2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game The 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament. The game was played on April 1, 2018, at the Nationwide Arena in Columbus, Ohio. The Notre Dame Fighting Irish defeated the Mississippi State Bulldogs to win their second national championship. The game was won on a made basket by Arike Ogunbowale with 0.1 seconds left on the clock—she made a similar shot with 1.0 second in the semifinal to defeat Connecticut, earning Notre Dame a berth in the championship.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2412568", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\nseason, South Carolina lost twice and Mississippi State three times (once to the Gamecocks). Notched as the top two seeds for the 2017 SEC Tournament, the teams advanced to the championship game, where South Carolina won 59–49. In the Final Four of the tournament, South Carolina defeated Stanford, 62–53. In the other semifinal game, Mississippi State defeated Connecticut with a buzzer beater, winning 66–64, and ending Connecticut's 111-game winning streak. South Carolina led 36–26 at half time and extended this lead further in the beginning of the third quarter. Mississippi State then rallied, and at one point trailed by only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8004995", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\nchampions No. 7 South Carolina, and No. 17 Texas A&M. The Bulldogs were seeded first in the SEC tournament, where they defeated (9) Kentucky and (5) Texas A&M en route to the championship game, where they fell to (2) South Carolina, 51–62 for their first loss of the season. The Bulldogs received an at-large bid to the NCAA Tournament, where they were seeded first in the Kansas City regional. In the tournament, Mississippi State defeated (16) Nicholls State, (9) Oklahoma State, (4) NC State, and (3) UCLA en route to the Final Four, where they beat (1) Louisville in overtime,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8004997", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\nnation. The Irish performed exceptionally in conference, finishing the regular season 27–2, with fifteen wins from sixteen ACC games, including three wins against ranked conference opponents (No. 8 Florida State, No. 19 Duke, and No. 21 NC State) and one win against a ranked non-conference opponent (No. 8 Tennessee). The Irish's only other loss of the season came against No. 3 Louisville in their fifth conference game; Notre Dame finished the season having won their last twelve games and were seeded second in the ACC tournament, where they defeated (7) Virginia and (3) Florida State en route to the title", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4515584", "chunk_text": "\"2016–17 NCAA Division I women's basketball season\"\nteams changed coaches during and after the season. 2016–17 NCAA Division I women's basketball season The 2016–17 NCAA Division I women's basketball season began on November 11, 2016 and ended with the Final Four title game in Dallas on April 2, 2017, won by South Carolina. Practices officially began on September 30, 2016. Only one school joined a new conference for 2016–17: The top 25 from the AP and USA Today Coaches Polls. In addition, Alabama returned women's home games to Coleman Coliseum, home to Alabama men's basketball since the venue's opening in 1968. The Crimson Tide women began play", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7150891", "chunk_text": "\"2016–17 NCAA Division I women's basketball season\"\n2016–17 NCAA Division I women's basketball season The 2016–17 NCAA Division I women's basketball season began on November 11, 2016 and ended with the Final Four title game in Dallas on April 2, 2017, won by South Carolina. Practices officially began on September 30, 2016. Only one school joined a new conference for 2016–17: The top 25 from the AP and USA Today Coaches Polls. In addition, Alabama returned women's home games to Coleman Coliseum, home to Alabama men's basketball since the venue's opening in 1968. The Crimson Tide women began play in 1974 at Foster Auditorium, and split home", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15376832", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championship\"\n2017 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championship The 2017 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championships were held April 14–15, 2017, at the Chaifetz Arena in St. Louis, Missouri. The Super Six finals were held on April 15. Oklahoma scored an NCAA championship record 198.3875 to win their second consecutive national title. The Sooners had the highest team scores on vault, uneven bars, and floor exercise. They were led by Maggie Nichols, who had the highest score of the day on vault and tied for the highest scores on balance beam, with a 10, and floor exercise. 1. Oklahoma - 198.3875 2. LSU - 197.7375", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8004999", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\nseason to torn ACLs. Brianna Turner, an All-American forward in 2016–17, suffered the injury in the 2017 NCAA tournament and missed the entire season. Senior guard Mychael Johnson was lost in a preseason practice, freshman center Mikayla Vaughn after six games, and starting senior point guard Lili Thompson was lost on New Year's Eve. Before the title game, McGraw told media, \"\"I didn't think we'd have more ACL tears than losses. I think it's just an amazing accomplishment for this team and the resilience they've shown all year.\"\" The Championship Game was televised in the United States by ESPN. Adam", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17895932", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\nAmin gave the play-by-play, with Kara Lawson and Rebecca Lobo as the color analysts, and Holly Rowe as the sideline reporter. Maria Taylor, Lobo, Nell Fortner and Andy Landers provided studio coverage. 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game The 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament. The game was played on April 1, 2018, at the Nationwide Arena in Columbus, Ohio. The Notre Dame Fighting Irish defeated the Mississippi State Bulldogs to win their second national championship. The game was won on a made", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18156975", "chunk_text": "\"NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament\"\nwon the national title at Pauley Pavilion, the home court of its Los Angeles arch-rival UCLA. Of the other teams to play in their home states, Stanford (1992) won the national title; Notre Dame (2011) lost in the championship game; and Western Kentucky (1986), Penn State (2000), Missouri State (2001), LSU (2004), and Baylor (2010) lost in the semifinals. 6 championship games have featured two teams from the same conference (winner in bold): 267 teams have appeared in the NCAA Tournament in at least a year, since 1982 (the initial year that the post-season tournament was under the auspices of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14553011", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Women's National Invitation Tournament\"\n2017 Women's National Invitation Tournament The 2017 Women's National Invitation Tournament was an annual single-elimination tournament of 64 NCAA Division I teams that were not selected to participate in the 2017 Women's NCAA Tournament. The tournament committee announced the 64-team field on March 13, following the selection of the NCAA Tournament field. The tournament began on March 15 and ended on April 1, with the championship game televised on the CBS Sports Network. In the championship game, the Michigan Wolverines defeated the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets, 89–79, in triple overtime. The 2017 Postseason WNIT field consists of 32 automatic invitations", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10901464", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championship\"\n2018 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championship The 2018 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championships were held April 20–21, 2018, at the Chaifetz Arena in St. Louis, Missouri. The UCLA Bruins were the team Champions with a total of 198.075 points. The twelve teams invited were Alabama, Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, LSU, Nebraska, Oklahoma, UCLA, Utah, and Washington. 1. UCLA - 198.0750 2. Oklahoma - 198.0375 3. Florida - 197.8500 4. LSU - 197.8375 5. Utah - 196.9000 6. Nebraska - 196.8000 1. Maggie Nichols (Oklahoma) - 39.8125 2. Mykayla Skinner (Utah) - 39.725 3. Elizabeth Price (Stanford) - 39.675 Vault: Brenna Dowell", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9607936", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Women's Swimming and Diving Championships\"\n2017 NCAA Division I Women's Swimming and Diving Championships The 2017 NCAA Women's Division I Swimming and Diving Championships were contested March 16–18, 2017 at the 36th annual NCAA-sanctioned swim meet to determine the team and individual national champions of Division I women's collegiate swimming and diving in the United States. This year's events were hosted by Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis at the Indiana University Natatorium in Indianapolis, Indiana. Stanford had a dominating performance to win their first NCAA title since 1998, and their ninth overall (the most of any college swim team). They finished 160.5 points ahead", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15985624", "chunk_text": "\"2016 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\n2016 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game The 2016 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the 2016 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Tournament, played to determine the national champion for the 2015–16 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Connecticut Huskies (UConn) defeated the Syracuse Orange to win their fourth consecutive championship. Breanna Stewart was voted Most Outstanding Player for the fourth straight time. Head coach Geno Auriemma surpassed John Wooden's record winning 11 NCAA national championships. This was the first Division I women's championship game to be played in quarters instead of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15985626", "chunk_text": "\"2016 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\nFBS football left to form a new Big East Conference; and the remaining members of the original Big East, including UConn, reorganized as the American Athletic Conference. The 2016 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Championship Game was played on April 5, 2016, at Bankers Life Fieldhouse in Indianapolis. Notable performances were by Breanna Stewart, voted four years in a row the Most Outstanding Player, forward Morgan Tuck and point guard Moriah Jefferson. Tuck scored 19 points, with 5 assists and 7 steals, while Jefferson had 13 points, 5 assists and 3 steals. Syracuse shot only 35.5 percent from the floor,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8004996", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\nputting their record at 37–1. The Notre Dame Fighting Irish were led by 31st-year head coach Muffet McGraw. The Fighting Irish opened their season by winning eleven of their first twelve games, including three wins in the Gulf Coast Showcase and a win in the ACC–Big Ten Women's Challenge, with three of those four being ranked opponents, most notably defending champions No. 3 South Carolina. The Irish suffered their first loss in their eighth game of the season, a matchup with No. 1 Connecticut in the Jimmy V Classic. Notre Dame entered ACC play 11–1, ranked No. 2 in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14287665", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament\"\n2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament The 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament began on March 16, 2018, and concluded with the national championship game on Sunday, April 1. The Final Four was played at Nationwide Arena in Columbus, Ohio. This is the third time that the women's Final Four was played in Ohio after previously being held in Cincinnati in 1997 and Cleveland in 2007 and the first time that the women's Final Four was played in Columbus. For only the fourth time in the tournament’s 37-year history, all four of the number one seeds made it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9070383", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division II Women's Basketball Tournament\"\nby defeating Virginia Union 93–77 to finish 37-0. Quarterfinals, semifinals and finals were hosted at Alumni Hall in Columbus, Ohio. 2017 NCAA Division II Women's Basketball Tournament The 2017 NCAA Division II Women's Basketball Tournament involved 64 teams playing in a single-elimination tournament to determine the NCAA Division II women's college basketball national champion. It began on March 10, 2017, and concluded with the championship game on March 24, 2017. The first three rounds were hosted by top-seeded teams in regional play. The eight regional winners met for the quarterfinal and semifinals, better known as the \"\"Elite Eight\"\" and \"\"Final", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15985628", "chunk_text": "\"2016 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\nthe United States was provided by Westwood One. 2016 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game The 2016 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the 2016 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Tournament, played to determine the national champion for the 2015–16 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Connecticut Huskies (UConn) defeated the Syracuse Orange to win their fourth consecutive championship. Breanna Stewart was voted Most Outstanding Player for the fourth straight time. Head coach Geno Auriemma surpassed John Wooden's record winning 11 NCAA national championships. This was the first Division I women's championship", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11946017", "chunk_text": "\"2017–18 NCAA Division I women's basketball season\"\n2017–18 NCAA Division I women's basketball season The 2017–18 NCAA Division I women's basketball season began on November 10, 2017 and ended with the Final Four title game at Nationwide Arena in Columbus, Ohio on April 1, 2018. Practices officially began in September 29, 2017. Three schools joined new conferences for the 2017–18 season. In addition to the schools changing conferences, the 2017–18 season was the last for four schools in their then-current conferences: Four Division I women's teams played the 2017–18 season in temporary homes due to renovation of their current venues. A fifth is playing in a temporary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8999130", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Women's National Invitation Tournament\"\nhas an overall record of .500 or better. All times are listed as Eastern Daylight Time ()<br> <nowiki></nowiki> – Denotes overtime period 2017 Women's National Invitation Tournament The 2017 Women's National Invitation Tournament was an annual single-elimination tournament of 64 NCAA Division I teams that were not selected to participate in the 2017 Women's NCAA Tournament. The tournament committee announced the 64-team field on March 13, following the selection of the NCAA Tournament field. The tournament began on March 15 and ended on April 1, with the championship game televised on the CBS Sports Network. In the championship game, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16005703", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament\"\nSeason Rankings\"\" <nowiki></nowiki> \"\"Host institution\"\" \"\"Rankings from United Soccer Coaches Final Regular Season Rankings\"\" <nowiki>*</nowiki> \"\"Host institution\"\" \"\"Rankings from United Soccer Coaches Final Regular Season Rankings\"\" \"\"Rankings from United Soccer Coaches Final Regular Season Rankings\"\" 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament The 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament (semi-finals and final also known as the 2017 Women's College Cup) was the 36th annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of NCAA Division I women's collegiate soccer. The semi-finals and championship game were played at Orlando City Stadium in Orlando, Florida on December 1 and 3, 2017, while", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8004998", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\ngame, where they once again fell to Louisville. The Irish were seeded first as an at-large bid in the NCAA Tournament's Spokane Regional. On their run to the title game, Notre Dame defeated (16) Cal State Northridge, (9) Villanova, (4) Texas A&M, and (2) Oregon to get to the Final Four, where they faced and defeated (1) Connecticut in overtime via a made basket by Arike Ogunbowale with 1.0 seconds left. The Irish reached this point despite a severely depleted roster with only seven scholarship players by the start of the NCAA tournament—four players missed part or all of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "32470", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Softball Tournament\"\nFame Stadium in Oklahoma City. Oklahoma would repeat as National Champions, defeating Florida in 2 games. The Big West, Mountain West, Pac-12, and West Coast Conference bids were awarded to the regular-season champion. All other conferences have the automatic bid go to the conference tournament winner. 16 National Seeds were announced on the Selection Show Sunday, May 14 at 10 p.m. EDT on ESPN2. The 16 national seeds host the Regionals. Teams in italics advanced to Super Regionals. Teams in bold advance to Women's College World Series. 1. Florida <br> 2. \"\"Arizona\"\" <br> 3. Oregon <br> 4. \"\"Florida State\"\" <br>", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18559924", "chunk_text": "\"2016 NCAA Division I Women's Volleyball Tournament\"\nand National Champion. 2016 NCAA Division I Women's Volleyball Tournament The 2016 NCAA Division I Women's Volleyball Tournament began on December 1, 2016 and concluded on December 17 at Nationwide Arena in Columbus, Ohio. The tournament field was determined on November 27, 2016. Stanford defeated Texas 3 sets to 1 in the final to claim their seventh title, tying them with Penn State for most all-time. The champions of the NCAA's 32 conferences qualified automatically, while the remaining 32 positions were filled with at-large selections. The Big Ten and Pac-12 led all conferences with eight teams each in the field,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18559922", "chunk_text": "\"2016 NCAA Division I Women's Volleyball Tournament\"\n2016 NCAA Division I Women's Volleyball Tournament The 2016 NCAA Division I Women's Volleyball Tournament began on December 1, 2016 and concluded on December 17 at Nationwide Arena in Columbus, Ohio. The tournament field was determined on November 27, 2016. Stanford defeated Texas 3 sets to 1 in the final to claim their seventh title, tying them with Penn State for most all-time. The champions of the NCAA's 32 conferences qualified automatically, while the remaining 32 positions were filled with at-large selections. The Big Ten and Pac-12 led all conferences with eight teams each in the field, followed by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9735866", "chunk_text": "\"Brienne Minor\"\nin sports management. As a big fan of pop singer Beyoncé, Minor received the nickname \"\"Briyoncé,\"\" from best friend Caroline Nonnenmacher. Brienne Minor Brienne Alexandra Minor (born November 25, 1997) is an American tennis player currently playing for the University of Michigan. On May 29, 2017, she won the 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Tennis Championships, becoming the first African-American woman to win the singles title. This victory also secured Minor a spot in the main draw of the 2017 US Open as a wild-card. Minor was raised in Mundelein, Illinois. She began playing tennis at the age of four.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18512484", "chunk_text": "\"Timeline of women's sports in the United States\"\nteam obtained the longest winning streak in college basketball (both men's and women's), 111 straight wins, which started with a win against Creighton on December 23, 2014, and continued for 111 games until March 31, 2017, when they were beaten 66-64 on a last second shot in overtime by Mississippi State in the 2017 NCAA Final Four. This streak included an undefeated season in 2015–16. 2017 - In the 2017 season, Jesse Shofner was selected to the roster for the Nashville Nightwatch, which made her the first female player to make a full season American Ultimate Disc League roster. 2017", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16523455", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championship\"\n(Oklahoma), Mykayla Skinner (Utah), Alex McMurtry (Florida) - 9.9375 Uneven bars: Maggie Nichols (Oklahoma), Elizabeth Price (Stanford) - 10.00 Balance beam: Christine Peng-Peng Lee (UCLA) - 9.9875 Floor exercise: Katelyn Ohashi (UCLA), Maggie Nichols (Oklahoma) - 9.9625 2018 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championship The 2018 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championships were held April 20–21, 2018, at the Chaifetz Arena in St. Louis, Missouri. The UCLA Bruins were the team Champions with a total of 198.075 points. The twelve teams invited were Alabama, Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, LSU, Nebraska, Oklahoma, UCLA, Utah, and Washington. 1. UCLA - 198.0750 2. Oklahoma - 198.0375", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17435468", "chunk_text": "\"NCAA Division III Women's Basketball Tournament\"\nNCAA Division III Women's Basketball Tournament The NCAA Division III Women's Basketball Championship is the annual tournament to determine the national champions of women's NCAA Division III collegiate basketball in the United States. It has been held annually since 1982, when the NCAA began to sponsor women's sports at all three levels. Washington–St. Louis are the most successful program, with five national titles. The current champions are Amherst, who won their second straight national title and third overall in 2018. Held in Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania, the 1982 Women's Final Four Basketball Tournament was the first sponsored by the NCAA. Featuring host", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7444337", "chunk_text": "\"2016 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament\"\n2016 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament The 2016 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Tournament was played between March and April 2016, with the Final Four played April 3 & 5. The regional locations were four neutral sites: Bridgeport, Connecticut, Dallas, Lexington, Kentucky, and Sioux Falls, South Dakota. The Final Four was played at Bankers Life Fieldhouse in Indianapolis. This was the third time that Indianapolis hosted a Women's Final Four Basketball tournament; the prior times were in 2005 and 2011. Connecticut won their fourth consecutive national championship, defeating Syracuse 82–51. This was the last Women's Final Four to be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16227058", "chunk_text": "\"Notre Dame Fighting Irish women's basketball\"\nConnecticut. After an injury plagued start to the 2017–18 season, which saw four Irish players lost to injury, Notre Dame won its second National Championship by beating Mississippi State 61–58. Junior guard Arike Ogunbowale scored the game winning three point shot with three seconds left, two days after scoring a similar buzzer beater to knock out Connecticut in the semifinal game. The win was coach McGraw's second national championship and 800th win at Notre Dame. Naismith College Player of the Year AP National Player of the Year Sports Illustrated National Player of the Year NCAA Basketball Tournament Most Outstanding Player", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14622537", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division II Women's Basketball Tournament\"\n2017 NCAA Division II Women's Basketball Tournament The 2017 NCAA Division II Women's Basketball Tournament involved 64 teams playing in a single-elimination tournament to determine the NCAA Division II women's college basketball national champion. It began on March 10, 2017, and concluded with the championship game on March 24, 2017. The first three rounds were hosted by top-seeded teams in regional play. The eight regional winners met for the quarterfinal and semifinals, better known as the \"\"Elite Eight\"\" and \"\"Final Four\"\" respectively, and National Championship game at the Alumni Hall in Columbus, Ohio. The Ashland Eagles completed an undefeated season", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9735863", "chunk_text": "\"Brienne Minor\"\nBrienne Minor Brienne Alexandra Minor (born November 25, 1997) is an American tennis player currently playing for the University of Michigan. On May 29, 2017, she won the 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Tennis Championships, becoming the first African-American woman to win the singles title. This victory also secured Minor a spot in the main draw of the 2017 US Open as a wild-card. Minor was raised in Mundelein, Illinois. She began playing tennis at the age of four. Minor attended Carmel High School and during her senior year at Carmel, she went undefeated during the season, winning a state", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "96847", "chunk_text": "\"NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament upsets\"\ntournament since 1994, with two more doing so from 1985 to 1993. No team seeded 10 or lower has ever advanced to the Final Four; Gonzaga lost its 2011 regional final 83–60 to Stanford. Oregon lost its regional final to UConn, 90-52, in 2017, as a 10 seed, and Lamar in 1991 lost their regional final in 1991. In the men's tournament, four 11 seeds and one 10 seed have advanced to the Final Four—10th seed Syracuse in 2016, and 11th seeds Loyola-Chicago in 2018, VCU in 2011, George Mason in 2006, and LSU in 1986. NCAA Division I Women's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1971937", "chunk_text": "\"2016–17 South Carolina Gamecocks women's basketball team\"\nsweet sixteen and Florida State in the elite eight to advanced to their 2nd final four in school history. In the national semi final in Dallas they defeated Stanford and beat SEC rival Mississippi State in the final to win their first NCAA National Championship. A'ja Wilson was named the Most Outstanding Player in the National Championship Game. !colspan=9 style=\"\"background:#73000A; color:#FFFFFF;\"\" \| Exhibition !colspan=9 style=\"\"background:#73000A; color:#FFFFFF;\"\"\| Regular season !colspan=9 style=\"\"background:#73000A; color:#FFFFFF;\"\" \| SEC Women's Tournament !colspan=9 style=\"\"background:#73000A; color:#FFFFFF;\"\" \| NCAA Women's Tournament 2016–17 South Carolina Gamecocks women's basketball team The 2016–17 South Carolina Gamecocks women's basketball team represents the University", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9344785", "chunk_text": "\"NCAA Bowling Championship\"\nin 2017–18, up from 77 in 2016–17: NCAA Bowling Championship The NCAA Bowling Championship is a sanctioned women's championship in college athletics. Unlike many NCAA sports, only one championship is held each season with teams from Division I, Division II, and Division III competing together. Ten teams, six automatic qualifiers and four at-large selections, are chosen by the NCAA Bowling Committee to compete in the championships. The championship was first held in April 2004. The most successful team is Nebraska with 5 titles. The reigning champions are Vanderbilt, which won the 2018 title 4 games to 3 against the defending", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "824448", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Women's Lacrosse Championship\"\nconference tournaments while the remaining 13 teams qualified at-large based on their regular season records. 1. Maryland (19-0)<br> 2. North Carolina (16-2)<br> 3. Florida (17-2)<br> 4. Penn State (15-3)<br> 5. Princeton (14-3)<br> 6. Syracuse (15-6)<br> 7. Penn (13-3)<br> 8. Stony Brook (18-1) 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Lacrosse Championship The 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Lacrosse Championship is the 36th annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of Division I NCAA women's college lacrosse. The semifinal and championship rounds will be played at Gillette Stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts from May 26–28, 2017. All other rounds were played at campus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9344780", "chunk_text": "\"NCAA Bowling Championship\"\nNCAA Bowling Championship The NCAA Bowling Championship is a sanctioned women's championship in college athletics. Unlike many NCAA sports, only one championship is held each season with teams from Division I, Division II, and Division III competing together. Ten teams, six automatic qualifiers and four at-large selections, are chosen by the NCAA Bowling Committee to compete in the championships. The championship was first held in April 2004. The most successful team is Nebraska with 5 titles. The reigning champions are Vanderbilt, which won the 2018 title 4 games to 3 against the defending champions McKendree. This is Vanderbilt's second NCAA", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1107224", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Conference USA Women's Soccer Tournament\"\n2017 Conference USA Women's Soccer Tournament The 2017 Conference USA Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for Conference USA held from November 1 through 5, 2017. The seven-match tournament took place at FAU Soccer Stadium in Boca Raton, Florida. The eight-team single-elimination tournament consisted of three rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play. The defending champions were the Charlotte 49ers, but they failed to defend their title after losing the penalty shoot-out tiebreaking procedure in the final following a tie with the North Texas Mean Green. The conference championship was the second for the North", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3995307", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Women's Water Polo Championship\"\n2017 NCAA Women's Water Polo Championship The 2017 NCAA National Collegiate Women's Water Polo Championship was the 17th annual tournament to decide the championship of NCAA women's collegiate water polo. Two play-in games were held on May 6, with the winners advancing to the main tournament, May 12-14 at Indiana University Natatorium in Indianapolis, Indiana, hosted by IUPUI. Stanford defeated UCLA 8-7 to win its third national championship in four years. The tournament is open to all programs from Divisions I, II, and III. Ten teams will participate in the tournament, with the champions of the Big West Conference, Collegiate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15985627", "chunk_text": "\"2016 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\ncompared to Connecticut's 51.9 percent, and the Orange found themselves in a 50–23 hole at halftime. Syracuse scored 16 straight points to get within 60–43 with 2:02 left in the third quarter, but the Huskies went on a 22–8 run to end the game. The Championship Game was broadcast in the United States by ESPN. Beth Mowins was calling the play-by-play, with Doris Burke providing color commentary and Holly Rowe on the court. Kevin Negandhi served as the studio host. Kara Lawson and Rebecca Lobo served as studio commentators. The game was seen by 2.97 million viewers. Radio coverage in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1385936", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats\"\nand had 16 points in the game, was named the NCAA Tournament's Most Outstanding Player. On April 4, 2016, the Wildcats won their second NCAA Championship in Men's Basketball, the first time in 31 years. They beat the North Carolina Tar Heels 77-74 off a buzzer-beater shot by Kris Jenkins with 0.5 seconds remaining in regulation. Two years later, on April 2, 2018, Villanova earned its third national championship beating the Michigan Wolverines 79-62. The Villanova Wildcats women's basketball team are coached by Harry Perretta, now serving his 34th year as head coach of the team. For the 2017–18 season,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14287670", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament\"\nSaturday/Monday\"\" \"\"Championship\"\" Westwood One had exclusive radio rights to the entire tournament. Teams participating in the Regional Finals, Final Four, and Championship were allowed to have their own local broadcasts, but they weren’t allowed to stream those broadcasts online. \"\"Regional Finals Sunday\"\" \"\"Final Four\"\" \"\"Regional Finals Monday\"\" \"\"Championship\"\" 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament The 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament began on March 16, 2018, and concluded with the national championship game on Sunday, April 1. The Final Four was played at Nationwide Arena in Columbus, Ohio. This is the third time that the women's Final Four", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "169574", "chunk_text": "\"NCAA Division I Women's Lacrosse Championship\"\nNCAA Division I Women's Lacrosse Championship The annual NCAA Division I Women's Lacrosse Championship tournament has determined the top women's lacrosse team in the NCAA Division I since 1982. James Madison is the champion, having defeated Boston College in the 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Lacrosse Championship final. Lacrosse was one of twelve women's sports added to the NCAA championship program for the 1981-82 school year, as the NCAA engaged in battle with the AIAW for sole governance of women's collegiate sports. The AIAW continued to conduct its established championship program in the same twelve (and other) sports; however, after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_347	who plays the mouse in alice in wonderland?	n/a	[ "Barbara Windsor" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9196548", "chunk_text": "\"Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)\"\nAlice in Wonderland (2010 film) Alice in Wonderland is a 2010 American dark fantasy adventure film directed by Tim Burton from a screenplay written by Linda Woolverton. The film stars Johnny Depp, Anne Hathaway, Helena Bonham Carter, Crispin Glover, Matt Lucas and Mia Wasikowska, and features the voices of Alan Rickman, Stephen Fry, Michael Sheen, and Timothy Spall. Loosely inspired by Lewis Carroll's fantasy novels, \"\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\"\" and \"\"Through the Looking-Glass\"\", the film tells the story of a nineteen-year-old Alice Kingsleigh, who is told that she can restore the White Queen to her throne, with the help of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14155677", "chunk_text": "\"Alice in Wonderland (1951 film)\"\nAlice in Wonderland (1951 film) Alice in Wonderland is a 1951 American animated musical fantasy-adventure film produced by Walt Disney Productions and based on the \"\"Alice\"\" books by Lewis Carroll. the 13th release of Disney's animated features, the film premiered in London on July 26, 1951 and in New York City on July 28, 1951. The film features the voices of Kathryn Beaumont as Alice, Sterling Holloway as the Cheshire Cat, Verna Felton as the Queen of Hearts, and Ed Wynn as the Mad Hatter. Walt Disney first attempted unsuccessfully to adapt \"\"Alice\"\" into an animated feature film during the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8399495", "chunk_text": "\"Alice in Wonderland (franchise)\"\nYork City and London on July 26, 1951, and features the voices of Kathryn Beaumont (who later voiced Wendy Darling in the 1953 film \"\"Peter Pan\"\") as Alice, and Ed Wynn as the Mad Hatter. The theme song, \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\", has since become a jazz standard. \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\" is a 2010 American fantasy film directed by Tim Burton and written by Linda Woolverton. Released by Walt Disney Pictures, the film stars Mia Wasikowska as Alice Kingsleigh, Johnny Depp, Anne Hathaway and Helena Bonham Carter. The film was shot in the United Kingdom and the United States. \"\"Alice Through", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14434183", "chunk_text": "\"Alice in Wonderland (1966 TV play)\"\nto what he perceived as the essence of the story: \"\"Once you take the animal heads off, you begin to see what it's all about. A small child, surrounded by hurrying, worried people, thinking 'Is that what being grown up is like?'\"\" The play featured a number of prominent British actors including Michael Redgrave (as the Caterpillar), John Gielgud (as the Mock Turtle), and Peter Sellers (as the King of Hearts), as well as two of Miller's fellow cast members from \"\"Beyond the Fringe\"\", Peter Cook and Alan Bennett as the Mad Hatter and the Mouse, respectively. The title role", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1602141", "chunk_text": "\"Alice in Wonderland (1999 film)\"\nAlice in Wonderland (1999 film) Alice in Wonderland is a 1999 made-for-television film adaptation of Lewis Carroll's books \"\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\"\" and \"\"Through the Looking-Glass\"\". It was first broadcast on NBC and then shown on British television on Channel 4. Tina Majorino played the lead role of Alice, and a number of well-known performers portrayed the eccentric characters whom Alice meets during the course of the story, including Ben Kingsley, Ken Dodd, Martin Short, Whoopi Goldberg, Peter Ustinov, Christopher Lloyd, Gene Wilder, Robbie Coltrane and Miranda Richardson. The film won four Emmy Awards in the categories of costume design,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14434184", "chunk_text": "\"Alice in Wonderland (1966 TV play)\"\nwas played by Anne-Marie Mallik, the 13-year-old daughter of a Surrey barrister, this being her only known acting performance. Wilfrid Brambell played the White Rabbit, Michael Gough (who later appeared in Tim Burton's 2010 film adaptation) and Wilfrid Lawson were the March Hare and the Dormouse, Alison Leggatt was the Queen of Hearts, and Leo McKern did a drag turn as the Ugly Duchess. The journalist and broadcasting personality Malcolm Muggeridge was The Gryphon. John Bird played the Fish Footman. The play also featured a young Eric Idle, several years before Monty Python brought him notice, uncredited as a member", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16108514", "chunk_text": "\"Hatter (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)\"\nThe Hatter has been featured in nearly every adaptation of \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\" to date; he is usually the male lead. The character has been portrayed in film by Edward Everett Horton, Sir Robert Helpmann, Martin Short, Peter Cook, Anthony Newley, Ed Wynn, Andrew-Lee Potts, and Johnny Depp. In music videos, the Hatter has been portrayed by Tom Petty, Dero Goi, and Steven Tyler. He has also been portrayed on stage by Nikki Snelson and Katherine Shindle, and on television by John Robert Hoffman, Pip Donaghy and Sebastian Stan. In ballet adaptations, Steven McRae also portrayed him as a mad", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13351928", "chunk_text": "\"Alice in Wonderland (1951 film)\"\nAlice, the Mad Hatter, the Cheshire Cat and the Queen of Hearts appear as unlockable characters in . Alice in Wonderland (1951 film) Alice in Wonderland is a 1951 American animated musical fantasy-adventure film produced by Walt Disney Productions and based on the \"\"Alice\"\" books by Lewis Carroll. the 13th release of Disney's animated features, the film premiered in London on July 26, 1951 and in New York City on July 28, 1951. The film features the voices of Kathryn Beaumont as Alice, Sterling Holloway as the Cheshire Cat, Verna Felton as the Queen of Hearts, and Ed Wynn as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9072771", "chunk_text": "\"Portrayals of Alice in Wonderland\"\nshe tells about the hookah-smoking caterpillar and Cyrus, played by Peter Gadiot, the genie she fell in love with and believed to be dead, she is declared insane and placed in London’s Bethlem Asylum. The doctors decide that the best treatment for Alice is a procedure that will make her forget Wonderland and all of the events that happened there. Alice, wanting to forget her painful past, agrees to the procedure. The night before the procedure, the White Rabbit, voiced by John Lithgow, and the Knave of Hearts, played by Michael Socha arrive in the asylum and tell Alice that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "124271", "chunk_text": "\"Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016 film)\"\nAlice Through the Looking Glass (2016 film) Alice Through the Looking Glass is a 2016 American fantasy adventure film directed by James Bobin, written by Linda Woolverton and produced by Tim Burton, Joe Roth, Suzanne Todd, and Jennifer Todd. It is based on the characters created by Lewis Carroll and is the sequel to the 2010 film \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\". The film stars Johnny Depp, Anne Hathaway, Mia Wasikowska, Matt Lucas, Rhys Ifans, Helena Bonham Carter, and Sacha Baron Cohen and features the voices of Stephen Fry, Michael Sheen, Timothy Spall, and Alan Rickman. In the film, Alice comes across", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18367421", "chunk_text": "\"Alice in Wonderland (1933 film)\"\nAlice in Wonderland (1933 film) Alice in Wonderland is a 1933 American Pre-Code film version of the famous Alice novels by Lewis Carroll. The film was produced by Paramount Pictures, featuring an all-star cast. It is all live-action, except for the Walrus and The Carpenter sequence, which was animated by the Harman-Ising Studio. Stars featured in the film included W. C. Fields as Humpty Dumpty, Edna May Oliver as the Red Queen, Cary Grant as the Mock Turtle (Grant's star was still on the ascent at the time), Gary Cooper as the White Knight, Edward Everett Horton as The Hatter,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11299729", "chunk_text": "\"Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)\"\nOn November 22, 2013, it was announced that the sequel will be released on May 27, 2016 and that Bobin would direct the film. Rhys Ifans and Sacha Baron Cohen are featured in the film. On January 21, 2014, the film was again retitled to \"\"Alice in Wonderland: Through the Looking Glass\"\". The title was later reworked once again to \"\"Alice Through the Looking Glass\"\". Alice in Wonderland (2010 film) Alice in Wonderland is a 2010 American dark fantasy adventure film directed by Tim Burton from a screenplay written by Linda Woolverton. The film stars Johnny Depp, Anne Hathaway, Helena", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9196558", "chunk_text": "\"Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)\"\nGecks play the Cathaway sisters, who bear a strong resemblance to Tweedledum and Tweedledee. Jemma Powell appears briefly as Alice's sister, Margaret, while Margaret's unfaithful husband Lowell is played by John Hopkins. Frank Welker provided additional voices and vocal effects; including roars of the Jabberwocky and Bandersnatch, squawks for the Jubjub bird, and Bayard barking. Rickman, Windsor, Fry, Gough, Lee, Staunton and Carter each took only a day to record their dialogue. Tim Burton signed with Walt Disney Pictures to direct two films in Disney Digital 3D, which included \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\" and his remake of \"\"Frankenweenie\"\". Burton developed the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6858260", "chunk_text": "\"Alice in Wonderland (1949 film)\"\nis reminiscent of the Kansas scenes vs. the Oz scenes in \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\", in that several of the live-action characters seem to have counterparts (of sorts) in Wonderland. Among the other live actors are Pamela Brown as the Queen and as the voice of the Queen of Hearts. Stephen Murray is seen as Lewis Carroll and provides the voice of the Knave of Hearts, and Felix Aylmer, who played Polonius in Olivier's \"\"Hamlet\"\", plays Dr. Liddell, father of Alice Liddell, the real-life inspiration for Alice; he also provides the voice of the Cheshire Cat. Carol Marsh was 20", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8571139", "chunk_text": "\"Alice in Wonderland (1931 film)\"\nby Irving Berlin. This version of the classic story does not depict Alice's (Ruth Gilbert) arrival in Wonderland, nor the events of the first four chapters of the book. Immediately after the opening credits, the confused heroine simply discovers herself in a strange forest without explanation or introduction. She soon meets the White Rabbit (Ralph Hertz), the bad-tempered Cook (Lillian Ardell) and the Duchess (Mabel Wright). She joins a mad tea-party with the Mad Hatter (Leslie King), the March Hare (Meyer Berensen) and the Dormouse (Raymond Schultz), while the Cheshire Cat (Tom Corless) leaves his grin behind. The Caterpillar (Jimmy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "124304", "chunk_text": "\"Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016 film)\"\neffects to be \"\"stupidly expensive\"\" and the story familiar, he called it, \"\"a solid kids’ movie in the old style\"\". Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016 film) Alice Through the Looking Glass is a 2016 American fantasy adventure film directed by James Bobin, written by Linda Woolverton and produced by Tim Burton, Joe Roth, Suzanne Todd, and Jennifer Todd. It is based on the characters created by Lewis Carroll and is the sequel to the 2010 film \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\". The film stars Johnny Depp, Anne Hathaway, Mia Wasikowska, Matt Lucas, Rhys Ifans, Helena Bonham Carter, and Sacha Baron Cohen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5991425", "chunk_text": "\"March Hare\"\n2010 Disney film \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\", voiced by Paul Whitehouse. His full name is Thackery Earwicket; this, however, is not mentioned in the film. In the movie, the March Hare behaves as if constantly nerve-wracked and completely delirious. He is a cook in the film, and the way he eccentrically throws dishes and pots suggests he is an amalgam of both the March Hare and the cook from Lewis Carroll's original book. The March Hare has a strong Scottish accent in this movie, while his friend the Mad Hatter (played by Johnny Depp) switches into a Scottish accent as well", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2676890", "chunk_text": "\"Tim Burton\"\nplace in Antony House in Torpoint. 250 local extras were chosen in early August. Other production work took place in London. The film was originally to be released in 2009, but was pushed to March 5, 2010. Johnny Depp plays the Mad Hatter, while Matt Lucas is both Tweedledee and Tweedledum; Helena Bonham Carter portrays the Red Queen; Stephen Fry is the Cheshire Cat; Anne Hathaway stars as the White Queen; Alan Rickman voices Absolem the Caterpillar, Michael Sheen voices McTwisp the White Rabbit and Crispin Glover's head and voice were added onto a CGI body to play the Knave", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14169928", "chunk_text": "\"Kathryn Beaumont\"\nKathryn Beaumont Kathryn Beaumont (born 27 June 1938) is an English actress, voice actress, singer and school teacher. She is best known for providing Disney animated films with the voices of both Alice in \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\" (1951) and Wendy Darling in \"\"Peter Pan\"\" (1953), for which she was named a Disney Legend in 1998. Walt Disney personally cast Beaumont after seeing the film \"\"On an Island with You\"\" (1948), in which she had a small role. Beaumont reprised her voice acting role as Alice in two episodes of the animated series \"\"Disney's House of Mouse\"\" (2001–2003) and as both", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9196568", "chunk_text": "\"Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)\"\n5, 2010. On June 22, 2009, the first pictures of the film were released, showing Depp as the Mad Hatter, Hathaway as the White Queen, Bonham Carter as the Red Queen and Lucas as Tweedledee and Tweedledum. A new image of Alice was also released. In July, new photos emerged of Alice holding a white rabbit, the Mad Hatter with a hare, the Red Queen holding a pig, and the White Queen with a mouse. On July 22, 2009, a teaser trailer from the Mad Hatter's point of view was released on IGN but was shortly taken down because Disney", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16252349", "chunk_text": "\"Brian Webber\"\nMoore is Coming to Dinner. Brian Webber continues to do commercial acting work in Atlanta, Orlando and Nashville along with owning and operating Storyville Productions, Inc. and Storyville Station in Birmingham Alabama. Brian Webber Brian Webber (December 19, 1967) is an American actor from Birmingham, Alabama. He left a successful career in Sales and Sales Management in 2004 at the age of 35 to pursue a new career in acting with the film called “Alice's Misadventures in Wonderland” in which he played the role of Mr. Jones, director and writer of the film is Robert Rugan and the cast of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6327450", "chunk_text": "\"Alice in Wonderland (2010 video game)\"\nthe occasional experience of not knowing what to do next. However, GameSpot praised the \"\"visual direction,\"\" puzzles, characterization, humor, cleverness, and DSi features. The PC version of the game uses the SecuROM copy-protection system; like in most SecuROM-protected games such as \"\"Grand Theft Auto IV\"\", \"\"Mirror's Edge\"\" and \"\"\"\", the developers implemented triggers that can impair gameplay, preventing players using an imperfectly cracked copy from completing it. Actors who reprised their roles from the film include Mia Wasikowska (as Alice Kingsleigh), Crispin Glover (as Ilosovic Stayne, the Knave of Hearts), Michael Sheen (as Nivens McTwisp the White Rabbit), Barbara Windsor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8399496", "chunk_text": "\"Alice in Wonderland (franchise)\"\nthe Looking Glass\"\" is a 2016 American fantasy film directed by James Bobin and written by Linda Woolverton. It is a sequel to the 2010 film \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\". The film stars Mia Wasikowska, Johnny Depp, Helena Bonham Carter, Anne Hathaway, Sacha Baron Cohen and Rhys Ifans, and was released on May 27, 2016. \"\"Adventures in Wonderland\"\" is a live-action musical television series based on Walt Disney's animated film \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\". In the series, Alice (Elisabeth Harnois), was portrayed as a girl who can come and go from Wonderland simply by walking through her mirror (a reference to Wonderland's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12884300", "chunk_text": "\"Crispin Glover\"\nCrispin Glover Crispin Hellion Glover (born April 20, 1964) is an American actor and director. Glover is known for portraying eccentric people on screen, such as George McFly in \"\"Back to the Future\"\", Layne in \"\"River's Edge\"\", unfriendly recluse Rubin Farr in \"\"Rubin and Ed\"\", mentally ill Cousin Dell in David Lynch's \"\"Wild at Heart\"\", Andy Warhol in \"\"The Doors\"\", the Thin Man in \"\"Charlie's Angels\"\" and , Willard Stiles in the \"\"Willard\"\" remake, Bobby McBurney in \"\"What's Eating Gilbert Grape\"\", Ilosovic Stayne / The Knave of Hearts in \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\", Phil Wedmaier in \"\"Hot Tub Time Machine\"\", and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9693890", "chunk_text": "\"Alice in Wonderland (1999 film)\"\nand the Cheshire Cat (Whoopi Goldberg). The baby is left in Alice's care but it turns into a pig and is released. The Cheshire Cat advises Alice to visit the Mad Hatter and his friends the March Hare and the Dormouse. Meeting the trio at a tea party, Alice is given rather odd advice on how to avoid stagefright, with the Mad Hatter (Martin Short) leaping onto the table to do his performance he previously did at a concert of the Queen of Hearts. Alice eventually leaves when the Mad Hatter and March Hare begin smashing cups and plates. They", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6858259", "chunk_text": "\"Alice in Wonderland (1949 film)\"\nAlice in Wonderland (1949 film) Alice in Wonderland () is a 1949 French film based on Lewis Carroll's fantasy novel \"\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\"\". Directed by Dallas Bower, the film stars Carol Marsh as Alice, Stephen Murray as Lewis Carroll, and Raymond Bussières as The Tailor. Most of the Wonderland characters are portrayed by stop-motion animated puppets created by Lou Bunin. All of the other live actors in the film are seen only in the live action scenes. However, they lend their voices to the Wonderland characters, and the staging of the scenes in England vs. the scenes in Wonderland", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12556998", "chunk_text": "\"Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016 film)\"\nannounced via \"\"Variety\"\" in December 2012. Bobin was first approached about the project while doing post-production work on \"\"Muppets Most Wanted\"\". Of being asked, Bobin has said that \"\"I just couldn't pass it up\"\", as he has a passion for the works of Lewis Carroll as well as history in general. In July 2013, it was announced that Johnny Depp would return as the Hatter, with Mia Wasikowska's return confirmed the following November. In January 2014 Sacha Baron Cohen joined the cast to play Time. In May 2014, Rhys Ifans joined the cast to play Zanik Hightopp, the Mad Hatter's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6981850", "chunk_text": "\"Brian Webber\"\nBrian Webber Brian Webber (December 19, 1967) is an American actor from Birmingham, Alabama. He left a successful career in Sales and Sales Management in 2004 at the age of 35 to pursue a new career in acting with the film called “Alice's Misadventures in Wonderland” in which he played the role of Mr. Jones, director and writer of the film is Robert Rugan and the cast of the film includes: Maggie Henry, Cullen Carr, Will Keenan, Melba Sibrel, Kyle Holman, Chris Garrison, and Barry Austin. He also portrayed Judge Roy Moore in the original stage cast of Judge Roy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18367422", "chunk_text": "\"Alice in Wonderland (1933 film)\"\nCharles Ruggles as The March Hare, and Baby LeRoy as The Joker. Charlotte Henry played her first leading role as Alice. This version was directed by Norman Z. McLeod from a screenplay by Joseph L. Mankiewicz and William Cameron Menzies, based on Lewis Carroll's books \"\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\"\" (1865) and \"\"Through the Looking-Glass\"\" (1871). It also drew heavily from Eva Le Gallienne and Florida Friebus's then-recent stage adaptation. The film is occasionally broadcast on cable television channels such as Turner Classic Movies. When Paramount previewed the film in 1933, the original running time was 90 min. However, by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14169931", "chunk_text": "\"Kathryn Beaumont\"\nanimators. When performing as Wendy, Beaumont was suspended in the air to simulate flight, although Beaumont had a fear of heights. After completing \"\"Peter Pan\"\", Beaumont graduated from high school and enrolled at the University of Southern California, where she graduated with a degree in education. Upon graduating from college, Beaumont worked as an elementary school teacher in Los Angeles. Kathryn Beaumont Kathryn Beaumont (born 27 June 1938) is an English actress, voice actress, singer and school teacher. She is best known for providing Disney animated films with the voices of both Alice in \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\" (1951) and Wendy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1486417", "chunk_text": "\"John Robert Hoffman\"\npart of the writing team for the 81st Academy Awards (2009). Hoffman has also contributed, as both a writer and producer, to the HBO series \"\"Looking\"\" (2014–2015) and the Netflix series \"\"Grace and Frankie\"\" (2016–). As an actor, Hoffman is best recognized as the Mad Hatter in Disney's \"\"Adventures in Wonderland\"\" (1992–1995). John Robert Hoffman John Robert Hoffman, most often known simply as John Hoffman, is an American actor, screenwriter, director and producer. He wrote and co-starred in the Disney Channel original film \"\"Northern Lights\"\" (1997) and has written many unproduced screenplays, including \"\"Queen Bess\"\", \"\"Indianapolis\"\", \"\"In Harm's Way\"\" and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20316081", "chunk_text": "\"Alice in Wonderland (1983 film)\"\nAlice in Wonderland (1983 film) A 1982 Broadway stage performance of Alice in Wonderland was telecast on PBS's \"\"Great Performances\"\" in 1983. Directed by Kirk Browning, it was produced by PBS affiliate WNET in New York. Black-and-white papier-mâché costumes aimed to re-create the book's original artwork by John Tenniel. The production was not recorded on film, but on videotape. It starred Kate Burton as Alice, and her father, Richard Burton, as the White Knight. Other notable roles included Nathan Lane as the Dormouse, Geoffrey Holder as the Cheshire Cat, and Eve Arden as the Queen of Hearts. The production was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13239728", "chunk_text": "\"Ruth Gilbert (actress)\"\nRuth Gilbert (actress) Ruth Gilbert (May 8, 1912 – October 13, 1993) was an American actress, best known for her role as Alice in the first sound version of \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\" in 1931, and as Max in \"\"The Milton Berle Show\"\". A graduate of the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, Gilbert's role as Alice in the 1931 film \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\" was her first major role. The film was made by Metropolitan Studios, an independent film company from Fort Lee, New Jersey. They made it for educational purposes in readiness for the 100th anniversary of Lewis Carroll's birth the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17900875", "chunk_text": "\"Tarrant Hightopp\"\nTarrant Hightopp Tarrant Hightopp, also known as the Mad Hatter, is a fictional character in the 2010 film \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\" and its 2016 sequel \"\"Alice Through the Looking Glass\"\", based upon the Hatter from Lewis Carroll's \"\"Alice\"\" novels. He is portrayed by actor Johnny Depp. He serves as one of the films' protagonists. Critical reception of the character for the first film was positive, although Depp was nominated for two Golden Raspberry Awards for his performance in \"\"Through the Looking Glass\"\", including Worst Supporting Actor. In the film, Tarrant takes Alice Kingsleigh toward the White Queen's castle and relates", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4042585", "chunk_text": "\"Cheshire Cat\"\ndrives Alice to try and find a way home even more. In the 1999 television adaptation of Carroll's books, the Cheshire Cat is voiced by Whoopi Goldberg. She acts as an ally and friend to Alice. The Cheshire Cat appears in Walt Disney's 2010 \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\", directed by Tim Burton. British actor Stephen Fry voices the character. In the movie, Cheshire (as he is often called; or sometimes \"\"Chess\"\") binds the wound Alice suffered earlier by the Bandersnatch and guides her to Tarrant Hightopp, the Mad Hatter and Thackery Earwicket, the March Hare. He is blamed by the Hatter", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2313574", "chunk_text": "\"Nathan Lane\"\nNathan Lane Nathan Lane (born Joseph Lane; February 3, 1956) is an American actor and writer. He has played the roles of Albert in \"\"The Birdcage\"\", Max Bialystock in the musical \"\"The Producers\"\", Ernie Smuntz in \"\"MouseHunt\"\", Nathan Detroit in \"\"Guys and Dolls\"\", and Pseudolus in \"\"A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum\"\". His voice work includes \"\"The Lion King\"\" as Timon and \"\"Stuart Little\"\" as Snowbell, and has played recurring roles on \"\"Modern Family\"\", \"\"The Good Wife\"\", and \"\"\"\" as F. Lee Bailey. He has received three Tony Awards: he won the Tony Award for Best", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9196586", "chunk_text": "\"Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)\"\nand choreography will be done by Rob Ashford. The musical is aiming to make its world-premiere in London. On December 7, 2012, \"\"Variety\"\" announced the development of a sequel to \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\". Linda Woolverton returned to write a screenplay. On May 31, 2013, James Bobin began talks to direct the sequel under the working title \"\"Alice in Wonderland: Into the Looking Glass.\"\" Johnny Depp returned as The Hatter, Mia Wasikowska reprised the role of Alice, and Helena Bonham Carter returned as the Red Queen. Several other cast members from the 2010 film also reprised their roles in the sequel.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9196574", "chunk_text": "\"Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)\"\nterms of sales revenue. \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\" has grossed $334,191,110 in North America and $691,276,000 in other territories for a worldwide total of $1,025,467,110 against a budget of $200 million. Worldwide, it is currently the thirtieth-highest-grossing film and the second-highest-grossing 2010 film. It is the third-highest-grossing film starring Johnny Depp, the highest-grossing film directed by Tim Burton. The second-highest-grossing film of Anne Hathaway and the second-highest-grossing children's book adaptation (worldwide, as well as in North America and outside North America separately). On its first weekend, the film made $220.1 million worldwide, marking the second-largest opening ever for a movie not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9196557", "chunk_text": "\"Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)\"\nfarewell to her friends. Back in England, Alice impresses Lord Ascot with her idea of establishing oceanic trade routes to Hong Kong, inspiring him to take her as his apprentice. As the story closes, Alice prepares to set off on a trading ship. A light-blue butterfly with dark vein markings lands on her shoulder, and Alice recognizes him as Absolem. Marton Csokas makes a cameo appearance as Alice's deceased father in the film's opening scene and Alice's mother is played by Lindsay Duncan. Lord and Lady Ascot are played by Tim Pigott-Smith and Geraldine James, respectively. Eleanor Tomlinson and Eleanor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14603064", "chunk_text": "\"Alice in Wonderland or What's a Nice Kid Like You Doing in a Place Like This?\"\nDaws Butler (replacing Harvey Korman); and with Butler assuming the Hatter, Mel Blanc moved into Butler's previous role as the March Hare. The following voice actors and celebrities provided the voices for the following characters in the TV show: Cast changes for the LP audio adaptation: Incidental music composed and arranged by Hoyt S. Curtin. Songs arranged by Marty Paitch [Marty Paich]. Music by Charles Strouse and lyrics by Lee Adams. Alice in Wonderland or What's a Nice Kid Like You Doing in a Place Like This? The New Alice in Wonderland (or What’s a Nice Kid Like You Doing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1602143", "chunk_text": "\"Alice in Wonderland (1999 film)\"\nthem in appearance and personality, in a similar manner to the MGM version of \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\". The toys in Alice's room also reflect the residents of Wonderland). Thanks to stage fright, and constant nagging from her confident governess (Dilys Laye), Alice runs out of the house and hides herself in the woods nearby, planning to stay hidden until the party has ended. However, an apple floats down from the tree and seems to hover in Alice's face. She is suddenly distracted by a human-sized White Rabbit (voiced by Richard Coombs) rushing by. Curious, Alice follows the White Rabbit,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "174677", "chunk_text": "\"Alice in Wonderland (1951 film)\"\nJr.\"\", \"\"Disney's Mulan, Jr.\"\", \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\", Disney's \"\"High School Musical: On Stage!\"\", Elton John and Tim Rice's \"\"Aida\"\", and many more. Costumed versions of Alice, The Mad Hatter, The White Rabbit, The Queen of Hearts, Tweedledum, and Tweedledee make regular appearances at the Disney theme parks and resorts, and other characters from the film (including the Walrus and the March Hare) have featured in the theme parks, although quite rarely. More famously, all five Disneyland-style theme parks feature Mad Tea Party, a teacups ride based on Disney's adaptation of \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\". \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\" is also frequently", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7009526", "chunk_text": "\"Mia Wasikowska\"\nMia Wasikowska Mia Wasikowska ( ; born 25 October 1989) is an Australian actress. She made her screen debut on the Australian television drama \"\"All Saints\"\" in 2004, followed by her feature film debut in \"\"Suburban Mayhem\"\" (2006). She first became known to a wider audience following her critically acclaimed work on the HBO television series \"\"In Treatment\"\". She was nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Female for \"\"That Evening Sun\"\" (2009). She gained worldwide recognition in 2010 after starring as Alice in Tim Burton's \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\" and appearing in the comedy-drama film \"\"The Kids Are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9196551", "chunk_text": "\"Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)\"\nall time during its theatrical run. The film started a trend of live-action fairy tale and fantasy films being green-lit, particularly from Walt Disney Studios. A sequel, titled \"\"Alice Through the Looking Glass\"\", was released on May 27, 2016. Troubled by a strange recurring dream and mourning the loss of her father, 19-year-old Alice Kingsleigh attends a garden party at Lord Ascot's estate. There, she is confronted by an unwanted marriage proposal to Lord Ascot's son, Hamish, and the stifling expectations of the society in which she lives. Unsure of how to proceed, she pursues a rabbit wearing a blue", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5545791", "chunk_text": "\"Knave of Hearts (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)\"\nchapter 12 and the chapter 8 drawing by both Carroll and Tenniel show no markings. Crispin Glover played the Knave of Hearts in the Tim Burton film \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\". His real name is given as Ilosovic Stayne. In the film, the relationship between the Knave and the Red Queen serves more as the Knave being the Queen's personal assassin. However, much like the other servants of the Queen, Stayne secretly hates her though he plays on her insecurities to secure his position. During the fight between the Red Queen's army and the White Queen's, the Knave of Hearts fights", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8571142", "chunk_text": "\"Alice in Wonderland (1931 film)\"\nof the hits of the year. Meanwhile, Paramount Pictures was preparing a big-budget Alice in Wonderland which starred an unknown, Charlotte Henry, with an all-star cast that featured W.C. Fields, Cary Grant and Gary Cooper. In 1932, Alice Liddell, the inspiration for the 'Alice' of the original books, and by now an elderly lady, visited America to take part in these centenary celebrations. The film opened at the prestigious Warner Theatre in New York City. However, the film was not financially successful and received little critical attention. Today, it is rarely if ever shown, and for a time there was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14155692", "chunk_text": "\"Alice in Wonderland (1951 film)\"\nex machina, validating Carroll due to her appreciation for the book. Disney considered child actress Margaret O'Brien for the title role. However, he felt that Huxley's version was too literal an adaptation of Carroll's book. Background artist Mary Blair submitted some concept drawings for \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\". Blair's paintings moved away from Tenniel's detailed illustrations by taking a modernist stance, using bold and unreal colors. Walt liked Blair's designs, and the script was re-written to focus on comedy, music, and the whimsical side of Carroll's books. Around this time, Disney considered making a live-action-and-animated version of \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\" (similar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10300684", "chunk_text": "\"André De Shields\"\non \"\"Another World\"\", \"\"Cosby\"\", \"\"Sex and the City\"\", \"\"Great Performances\"\", \"\"Lipstick Jungle\"\", \"\"Law & Order,\"\" and \"\"\"\". He won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Achievement for his performance in the 1982 NBC broadcast of \"\"Ain't Misbehavin'\"\", and played Tweedledum in a 1983 televised production of \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\" that also featured Eve Arden, Richard Burton, Colleen Dewhurst, James Coco, Kaye Ballard, and Nathan Lane. André De Shields André De Shields (born January 12, 1946 in Baltimore, Maryland) is an African-American actor, singer, director, dancer, novelist, choreographer, lyricist, composer, and professor. De Shields graduated from Baltimore City College in 1964.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4194949", "chunk_text": "\"Vivian Pickles\"\nVivian Pickles Vivian Pickles (born 21 October 1931) is an English actress. She began her career as a child star after being chosen by Mary Field for a series of Saturday Morning children's films, including the lead roles in \"\"Jean's Plan\"\" (1944) and the serial \"\"The Adventures of Peter Joe\"\" (1945). At the age of 14, she played Alice in George More O'Ferrall's BBC production of \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\" which was broadcast live from Alexandra Palace in London. During this period, she acted at the Q Theatre in \"\"Vice Versa\"\" with Charles Hawtrey and made her West End debut as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12173778", "chunk_text": "\"Matt Doran\"\nMatt Doran Matthew J. Doran (born 30 March 1976) is an Australian actor, known for his role as \"\"Mouse\"\" in \"\"The Matrix\"\" and as \"\"Elan Sleazebaggano\"\" in \"\"\"\". Doran was born in Sydney. He is the brother of Mark Doran and uncle of JD and Max Doran. He studied acting for two years at the Australian Film and TV Academy and won an award for Best Performance and Most Improved Student before he graduated in 1991. After graduation Doran landed a lead role in the film, \"\"Pirates' Island\"\", and made an appearance on \"\"E Street\"\". Doran played the part of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_348	who did us fight in world war 1?	n/a	[ "Germany", "Austria-Hungary" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1678385", "chunk_text": "\"United States in World War I\"\nUnited States in World War I The United States declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917, more than two and a half years after World War I started. A ceasefire and Armistice was declared on November 11, 1918. Before entering the war, the U.S. had remained neutral, though it had been an important supplier to Great Britain and the other Allied powers. The U.S. made its major contributions in terms of supplies, raw material and money, starting in 1917. American soldiers under General of the Armies John Pershing, Commander-in-Chief of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF), arrived at the rate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1678424", "chunk_text": "\"United States in World War I\"\nRepublican Warren G. Harding. Notes References United States in World War I The United States declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917, more than two and a half years after World War I started. A ceasefire and Armistice was declared on November 11, 1918. Before entering the war, the U.S. had remained neutral, though it had been an important supplier to Great Britain and the other Allied powers. The U.S. made its major contributions in terms of supplies, raw material and money, starting in 1917. American soldiers under General of the Armies John Pershing, Commander-in-Chief of the American Expeditionary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1678391", "chunk_text": "\"United States in World War I\"\njust as German U-boats started sinking American merchant ships in the North Atlantic. Wilson then asked Congress for \"\"a war to end all wars\"\" that would \"\"make the world safe for democracy\"\", and Congress voted to declare war on Germany on April 6, 1917. On December 7, 1917, the U.S. declared war on Austria-Hungary. U.S. troops began arriving on the Western Front in large numbers in 1918. After the war began in 1914, the United States proclaimed a policy of neutrality despite president Woodrow Wilson's antipathies against Germany. Early in the war, the United States started to favor the British", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1678414", "chunk_text": "\"United States in World War I\"\nmade declarations of war against the other Central Powers, Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire or the various co-belligerents allied with the Central Powers. Thus, the United States remained uninvolved in the military campaigns in central and eastern Europe, the Middle East, the Caucasus, North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and the Pacific. The home front saw a systematic mobilization of the entire population and the entire economy to produce the soldiers, food supplies, munitions, and money needed to win the war. Although the United States entered the war in 1917, there had been very little planning, or even recognition of the problems", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4122112", "chunk_text": "\"World War I\"\nthe sinking of seven US merchant ships by submarines and the publication of the Zimmermann telegram, Wilson called for war on Germany on 2 April 1917, which the US Congress declared 4 days later. The United States was never formally a member of the Allies but became a self-styled \"\"Associated Power\"\". The United States had a small army, but, after the passage of the Selective Service Act, it drafted 2.8 million men, and, by summer 1918, was sending 10,000 fresh soldiers to France every day. In 1917, the US Congress granted US citizenship to Puerto Ricans to allow them to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4989597", "chunk_text": "\"World War I\"\nWorld War I World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as \"\"the war to end all wars\"\", it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, making it one of the largest wars in history. An estimated nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a direct result of the war, and it also contributed to later genocides and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8998065", "chunk_text": "\"American entry into World War I\"\nend all wars\"\" that would \"\"make the world safe for democracy\"\", and Congress voted to declare war on Germany on April 6, 1917. On December 7, 1917, the U.S. declared war on Austria-Hungary. U.S. troops began arriving on the Western Front in large numbers in 1918. Britain used its large navy to prevent cargo vessels entering German ports, mainly by intercepting them in the North Sea between the coasts of Scotland and Norway. The wider sea approaches to Britain and France, their distance from German harbours and the smaller size of the German surface fleet all made it harder for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13751578", "chunk_text": "\"United States World War I Centennial Commission\"\nbe neutral in fact, as well as in name, during these days that are to try men's souls. We must be impartial in thought, as well as action.\"\" However, after years of unrestricted German submarine warfare, the sinking of the Lusitania, and the public release of the Zimmermann Telegram, the United States could no longer remain neutral in the international conflict. On April 6, 1917, Congress officially declared war against Germany and joined the Allied forces. Led by General John J. Pershing, the American Expeditionary Forces arrived in Europe in June 1917. American forces participated in several major battles, most", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1678413", "chunk_text": "\"United States in World War I\"\nand was replaced by a Russian Provisional Government. This helped overcome Wilson's reluctance to having the US fight alongside a country ruled by an absolutist monarch. Pleased by the Provisional Government's pro-war stance, the US accorded the new government diplomatic recognition on March 9, 1917. Although the United States declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917, it did not initially declare war on the other Central Powers, a state of affairs that Woodrow Wilson described as an \"\"embarrassing obstacle\"\" in his State of the Union speech. Congress declared war on the Austro-Hungarian Empire on December 7, 1917, but never", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1678420", "chunk_text": "\"United States in World War I\"\nconvoys. Several regiments of Marines were also dispatched to France. The British and French wanted US units used to reinforce their troops already on the battle lines and not to waste scarce shipping on bringing over supplies. The US rejected the first proposition and accepted the second. General John J. Pershing, American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) commander, refused to break up US units to serve as mere reinforcements for British Empire and French units. As an exception, he did allow African-American combat regiments to fight in French divisions. The Harlem Hellfighters fought as part of the French 16th Division, earning a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4506616", "chunk_text": "\"United States Navy operations during World War I\"\nUnited States Navy operations during World War I United States Navy operations during World War I began on April 6, 1917, after the formal declaration of war on the German Empire. The American navy focused on countering enemy U-boats in the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, while convoying men and supplies to France and Italy. Because of United States' late entry into the war, her capital ships never engaged the German fleet, and few decisive submarine actions occurred. The main theater of World War I was the Western Front. In order to relieve the British and European allies already", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5747868", "chunk_text": "\"World War I\"\nIn 1915, Italy joined the Allied Powers and Bulgaria joined the Central Powers. After the sinking of seven US merchant ships by German submarines, and the revelation that the Germans were trying to incite Mexico to make war on the United States, the US declared war on Germany on 6 April 1917. The 1917 February Revolution in Russia replaced the Tsarist autocracy with the Provisional Government, but continuing discontent at the cost of the war led to the October Revolution, the creation of the Soviet Socialist Republic, and the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk by the new government, ending", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9472420", "chunk_text": "\"American Expeditionary Forces on the Western Front (World War I) order of battle\"\nAmerican Expeditionary Forces on the Western Front (World War I) order of battle This is the American Expeditionary Forces on the Western Front order of battle. The American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) consisted of the United States Armed Forces (mostly the United States Army) that were sent to Europe in World War I to support the Allied cause against the Central Powers. During the United States campaigns in World War I the AEF fought in France alongside French and British allied forces in the last year of the war, against Imperial German forces. Some of the troops fought alongside Italian forces", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8742116", "chunk_text": "\"United States campaigns in World War I\"\nthe last great Italian offensive against the Austrians, the Battle of Vittorio Veneto. United States campaigns in World War I This article is about the United States campaigns in World War I. American entry into World War I in early April 1917 resulted in the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) on the Western Front, under General John J. Pershing, being engaged in 13 campaigns, during the period 1917–18, for which campaign streamers were designated. The streamer uses the colors of the World War I Victory Medal ribbon which had a red center with a rainbow on each side of the center", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1678387", "chunk_text": "\"United States in World War I\"\nrole in the conflict. Under the leadership of President Woodrow Wilson, the war represented the climax of the Progressive Era as it sought to bring reform and democracy to the world, although there was substantial public opposition to U.S. entry into the war. The American entry into World War I came on April 6, 1917, after more than two and a half years of efforts by President Woodrow Wilson to keep the United States out of the war. Apart from an Anglophile element urging early support for the British, American public opinion reflected that of the president: the sentiment for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8998061", "chunk_text": "\"American entry into World War I\"\nAmerican entry into World War I The American entry into World War I came in April 1917, after more than two and a half years of efforts by President Woodrow Wilson to keep the United States out of the war and broker a peace in Europe. Apart from an Anglophile element urging early support for the British, American public opinion reflected that of the president: the sentiment for neutrality was particularly strong among Irish Americans, German Americans, and Scandinavian Americans, as well as among church leaders and among women in general. On the other hand, even before World War I", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15949035", "chunk_text": "\"United States campaigns in World War I\"\nUnited States campaigns in World War I This article is about the United States campaigns in World War I. American entry into World War I in early April 1917 resulted in the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) on the Western Front, under General John J. Pershing, being engaged in 13 campaigns, during the period 1917–18, for which campaign streamers were designated. The streamer uses the colors of the World War I Victory Medal ribbon which had a red center with a rainbow on each side of the center stripe and a purple edge. The double rainbow symbolizes the dawn of a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10551308", "chunk_text": "\"United States Army\"\nthe central role in the Philippine–American War. Starting in 1910, the army began acquiring fixed-wing aircraft. In 1910, Mexico was having a civil war, peasant rebels fighting government soldiers. The army was deployed to U.S. towns near the border to ensure safety to lives and property. In 1916, Pancho Villa, a major rebel leader, attacked Columbus, New Mexico, prompting a U.S. intervention in Mexico until 7 February 1917. They fought the rebels and the Mexican federal troops until 1918. The United States joined World War I as an \"\"Associated Power\"\" in 1917 on the side of Britain, France, Russia, Italy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4991937", "chunk_text": "\"World War I\"\nthe pocketwatch, which requires a free hand to operate. Military funding of advancements in radio contributed to the postwar popularity of the medium. World War I World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as \"\"the war to end all wars\"\", it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, making it one of the largest wars in history. An estimated nine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4122113", "chunk_text": "\"World War I\"\nbe drafted to participate in World War I, as part of the Jones–Shafroth Act. German General Staff assumptions that it would be able to defeat the British and French forces before American troops reinforced them were proven incorrect. The United States Navy sent a battleship group to Scapa Flow to join with the British Grand Fleet, destroyers to Queenstown, Ireland, and submarines to help guard convoys. Several regiments of US Marines were also dispatched to France. The British and French wanted American units used to reinforce their troops already on the battle lines and not waste scarce shipping on bringing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1678419", "chunk_text": "\"United States in World War I\"\n11 approximately 10,000 fresh soldiers were arriving in France daily. In 1917, Congress gave US citizenship to Puerto Ricans when they were drafted to participate in World War I, as part of the Jones Act. In the end, Germany miscalculated the United States' influence on the outcome of the conflict, believing it would be many more months before US troops would arrive and overestimating the effectiveness of U-boats in slowing the American buildup. The United States Navy sent a battleship group to Scapa Flow to join with the British Grand Fleet, destroyers to Queenstown, Ireland and submarines to help guard", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8218874", "chunk_text": "\"Diplomatic history of World War I\"\nDiplomatic history of World War I The Diplomatic history of World War I covers the non-military interactions among the major players during World War I. For the domestic histories see Home front during World War I. For a longer-term perspective see International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919) and Causes of World War I. For the following era see International relations (1919–1939). The major allied players included Great Britain, France, Russia, and Italy (starting in 1915) and the United States (from 1917). The major Central Powers included Germany and the Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire (Turkey). Other countries—and their colonies—were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1678411", "chunk_text": "\"United States in World War I\"\nwar would be over, Germany thought, with Germany victorious. The notion that armaments led to war was turned on its head: refusal to arm in 1916 led to war in 1917. In January 1917, Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare. The German Foreign minister, Arthur Zimmermann invited revolution-torn Mexico to join the war as Germany's ally against the United States in the Zimmermann Telegram. In return, the Germans would send Mexico money and help it recover the territories of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona that Mexico lost during the Mexican–American War 70 years earlier. British intelligence intercepted the telegram and passed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4973739", "chunk_text": "\"Allies of World War I\"\nof the United States entering the war, was also a contributing factor. The US entered the war as an \"\"associated power\"\", rather than a formal ally of France and the United Kingdom, in order to avoid \"\"foreign entanglements\"\". Although the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria severed relations with the United States, neither declared war, as did Austria-Hungary. Eventually, however, the United States also declared war on Austria-Hungary in December 1917, predominantly to help hard-pressed Italy. Three non-state combatants, which voluntarily fought with the Allies and seceded from the constituent states of the Central Powers at the end of the war, were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7552192", "chunk_text": "\"History of the United Kingdom during the First World War\"\nHistory of the United Kingdom during the First World War The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was one of the Allied Powers during the First World War of 1914–1918, fighting against the Central Powers (the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Bulgaria). The state's armed forces were reorganised—the war marked the founding of the Royal Air Force, for example—and increased in size because of the introduction, in January 1916, of conscription for the first time in the country's history as well as the raising of what was, at the time, the largest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4122114", "chunk_text": "\"World War I\"\nover supplies. General John J. Pershing, American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) commander, refused to break up American units to be used as filler material. As an exception, he did allow African-American combat regiments to be used in French divisions. The Harlem Hellfighters fought as part of the French 16th Division, and earned a unit Croix de Guerre for their actions at Château-Thierry, Belleau Wood, and Sechault. AEF doctrine called for the use of frontal assaults, which had long since been discarded by British Empire and French commanders due to the large loss of life that resulted. Ludendorff drew up plans (codenamed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17845778", "chunk_text": "\"Timeline of United States military operations\"\ninsurrection. 1917: China: American troops were landed at Chungking to protect American lives during a political crisis. 1917–1918: World War I: On April 6, 1917, the United States declared war with Germany and on December 7, 1917, with Austria-Hungary. Entrance of the United States into the war was precipitated by Germany's submarine warfare against neutral shipping and the Zimmermann Telegram. 1917–1922: Cuba: U.S. forces protected American interests during insurrection and subsequent unsettled conditions. Most of the United States armed forces left Cuba by August 1919, but two companies remained at Camaguey until February 1922. 1918–1919: Mexico: After withdrawal of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18449149", "chunk_text": "\"Ireland and World War I\"\nIreland and World War I During World War I (1914–1918), Ireland was part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which entered the war in August 1914 as one of the Entente Powers, along with France, and the Russian Empire. In part as an effect of chain ganging, the UK decided due to geopolitical power issues to declare war on the Central Powers, consisting of the German Empire, the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Bulgaria. Occurring during Ireland's revolutionary period, the Irish people's experience of the war was complex and its memory of it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1678399", "chunk_text": "\"United States in World War I\"\n100,000-man Army, even augmented by the 112,000-strong National Guard, was outnumbered 20 to one by the German army; similarly in 1915, the armed forces of Great Britain and the British Empire, France, Russia, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Ottoman Empire, Italy, Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Belgium, Japan and Greece were all larger and more experienced than the United States military. They called for UMT or \"\"universal military service\"\" under which the 600,000 men who turned 18 every year would be required to spend six months in military training, and then be assigned to reserve units. The small regular army would primarily be a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15524927", "chunk_text": "\"American Expeditionary Forces\"\nAmerican Expeditionary Forces The American Expeditionary Forces (A. E. F., A.E.F. or AEF) was a formation of the United States Army on the Western Front of World War I. The AEF was established on July 5, 1917, in France under the command of Gen. John J. Pershing. It fought alongside French Army, British Army, Canadian Army, and Australian Army units against the German Empire. A minority of the AEF troops also fought alongside Italian Army units in that same year against the Austro-Hungarian Army. The AEF helped the French Army on the Western Front during the Aisne Offensive (at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4989602", "chunk_text": "\"World War I\"\nunder this, Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August. On 12 August, Britain and France also declared war on Austria-Hungary; on the 23rd, Japan sided with the Entente, seizing the opportunity to expand its sphere of influence by capturing German possessions in China and the Pacific. The war was fought in and drew upon each powers' colonial empires as well, spreading the conflict across the globe. The Entente and its allies would eventually become known as the Allied Powers, while the grouping of Austria-Hungary and Germany would become known as the Central Powers. The German advance into France was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9801426", "chunk_text": "\"Southern Victory\"\nAugust 1914, the \"\"Great War\"\" begins, initially putting Great Britain, France, and Russia against the Empires of Germany and Austria-Hungary. Across the Atlantic, Democratic President Theodore Roosevelt orders the U.S. military to mobilize in late July, following Germany's lead. In response, Confederate President Woodrow Wilson orders the C.S. military to do the same. Fighting soon breaks out on their common border and the high seas. The United States officially brings the war to North America when Roosevelt declares war on the Confederate States in early August 1914. Confederate President Wilson responds in kind, although he had hoped to avoid a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8135009", "chunk_text": "\"American entry into World War I\"\ncame under pressure from Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, and from former President Theodore Roosevelt, who demanded a declaration of war on Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria, as Germany's allies. President Wilson drafted a statement to Congress in December 1917 which said \"\"I... recommend that Congress immediately declare the United States in a state of war with Austria-Hungary, with Turkey and with Bulgaria\"\". But after further consultations decision on war against Germany's other allies was postponed. American entry into World War I The American entry into World War I came in April 1917, after more than two and a half years of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12306251", "chunk_text": "\"Russian Empire–United States relations\"\nWorld War I the United States declaration of war on Germany (1917) came after the Czar was overthrown in the February Revolution. Because of it, The United States used this new provisional government to describe how the new democratic nations are fighting against autocratic old empires of Germany and Austria-Hungary. During the war, the American Expeditionary Forces were just starting to see battle when the October Revolution removed Russia from the war. Even before Germany surrendered, the US participated in Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War with the Polar Bear Expedition and the American Expeditionary Force Siberia. Russian Empire–United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "429852", "chunk_text": "\"Modern history\"\nMagdhaba]]), 1917.12 (British troops take Jerusalem from the Ottoman Empire), and 1918.11.11 (World War I ends: Germany signs an armistice agreement with the Allies).Allies and Central Powers in the First World War Allied powers and areas Central powers and colonies or occupied territory Neutral countries]] [[File:General gouraud french army world war i machinegun marne 1918.JPEG\|thumb\|French Army, 1918]] The First World War began in 1914 and lasted to the final [[Armistice with Germany (Compiègne)\|Armistice]] in 1918. The [[Allies of World War I\|Allied Powers]], led by the [[Britain in World War I\|British Empire]], [[French Third Republic\|France]], Russia until March 1918, Japan and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1678395", "chunk_text": "\"United States in World War I\"\nany support for entering the war on the side of Germany. The great majority of German Americans, as well as Scandinavian Americans, wanted the United States to remain neutral; however, at the outbreak of war, thousands of US citizens had tried to enlist in the German army. The Irish Catholic community, based in the large cities and often in control of the Democratic Party apparatus, was strongly hostile to helping Britain in any way, especially after the Easter uprising of 1916 in Ireland. Most of the Protestant church leaders in the United States, regardless of their theology, favoured pacifistic solutions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17169348", "chunk_text": "\"United States home front during World War I\"\nand Baldwin declared bankruptcy in 1935. The US effort to produce and ship war material to France was characterized by several factors. The US declared war on Germany on 6 April 1917 with only a small munitions industry, very few medium and heavy artillery pieces, and few machine guns. By June 1917 the US had decided that their forces would primarily operate alongside the French, and would acquire their artillery and machine guns by purchasing mostly French weapons in theater, along with some British weapons in the case of heavy artillery. Shipments from the US to France would primarily be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7012630", "chunk_text": "Alliance\nalso been used to describe the coalition of the Gulf War, as opposed to forces the Multi-National Forces in Iraq which are commonly referred to as \"\"Coalition forces\"\" or, as by the George W. Bush administration, \"\"the coalition of the willing\"\". The Allied Powers in World War I (also known as the Entente Powers) were initially the United Kingdom, France, the Russian Empire, Belgium, Serbia, Montenegro and Japan, joined later by Italy, Portugal, Romania, the United States, Greece and Brazil. Some, such as the Russian Empire, withdrew from the war before the armistice due to revolution or defeat. Scholars are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3869189", "chunk_text": "\"Presidency of Woodrow Wilson\"\nArthur Link, Carranza's successful handling of the American intervention in Mexico left the country free to develop its revolution without American pressure. The incident also made Pershing a national figure and led to Wilson choosing him to command the American forces in Europe in 1918. It also gave the American army some needed experience in dealing with training, planning and logistics. World War I broke out in July 1914, pitting Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria) against the Allied Powers (Great Britain, France, Russia, and several other countries). The war fell into a long stalemate after the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8135008", "chunk_text": "\"American entry into World War I\"\n50, with Claude Kitchin, a senior Democrat, notably opposing it. Another opponent was Jeannette Rankin, who alone voted against entry into both World War I and World War II. Nearly all of the opposition came from the West and the Midwest. The United States Senate, in a 74 to 0 vote, declared war on Austria-Hungary on December 7, 1917, citing Austria-Hungary's severing of diplomatic relations with the United States, its use of unrestricted submarine warfare and its alliance with Germany. The declaration passed in the United States House of Representatives by a vote of 365 to 1. President Wilson also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16152467", "chunk_text": "\"Allies of World War I\"\nAllies of World War I The Allies of World War I or Entente Powers is the term commonly used for the coalition that opposed the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria during the First World War (1914–1918). By the end of the first decade of the 20th century, the major European powers were divided between the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance. The Entente was made up of France, the United Kingdom and Russia. The Triple Alliance was originally composed of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy, which remained neutral in 1914. As the war progressed, each coalition", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1678386", "chunk_text": "\"United States in World War I\"\nof 10,000 men a day on the Western Front in the summer of 1918. During the war the U.S. mobilized over 4 million military personnel and suffered 110,000 deaths, including around 45,000 who died due to the 1918 Spanish influenza outbreak (30,000 before they even reached France). The war saw a dramatic expansion of the United States government in an effort to harness the war effort and a significant increase in the size of the U.S. Armed Forces. After a relatively slow start in mobilizing the economy and labor force, by spring 1918, the nation was poised to play a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1678397", "chunk_text": "\"United States in World War I\"\nthe Canadian military, Canada at that time being a Dominion of the British Empire. By 1915, Americans were paying much more attention to the war. The sinking of the \"\"Lusitania\"\" aroused furious denunciations of German brutality. By 1915, in Eastern cities a new \"\"Preparedness\"\" movement emerged. It argued that the United States needed to build up immediately strong naval and land forces for defensive purposes; an unspoken assumption was that America would fight sooner or later. The driving forces behind Preparedness were all Republicans, notably General Leonard Wood, ex-president Theodore Roosevelt, and former secretaries of war Elihu Root and Henry", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1678393", "chunk_text": "\"United States in World War I\"\nuse of U-boat attacks conflicted with America's official commitment to neutrality. On the other hand, Wilson came under pressure from war hawks led by former president Theodore Roosevelt, who denounced German acts as \"\"piracy\"\", and from British delegations under Cecil Spring Rice and Sir Edward Grey. U.S. Public opinion reacted with outrage to the suspected German sabotage of Black Tom in Jersey City, New Jersey on 30 July 1916, and to the Kingsland explosion on 11 January 1917 in present-day Lyndhurst, New Jersey. Crucially, by the spring of 1917 President Wilson's official commitment to neutrality had finally unraveled. Wilson realized", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12654586", "chunk_text": "\"Home front during World War I\"\nfailed; likewise, the peace efforts sponsored by industrialist Henry Ford went nowhere. Germany decided to take the risk and try to win by cutting off Britain; the US declared war in April 1917. America had the largest industrial, financial and agricultural base of any of the great powers, but it took 12–18 months to fully reorient it to the war effort. American money, food and munitions flowed freely to Europe from spring 1917, but troops arrived slowly. The US Army in 1917 was small and poorly equipped. The draft began in spring 1917 but volunteers were also accepted. Four million", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5747987", "chunk_text": "\"World War I\"\na result of the war: the Romanovs, the Hohenzollerns, the Habsburgs, and the Ottomans. Belgium and Serbia were badly damaged, as was France, with 1.4 million soldiers dead, not counting other casualties. Germany and Russia were similarly affected. A formal state of war between the two sides persisted for another seven months, until the signing of the Treaty of Versailles with Germany on 28 June 1919. The United States Senate did not ratify the treaty despite public support for it, and did not formally end its involvement in the war until the Knox–Porter Resolution was signed on 2 July 1921", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13751577", "chunk_text": "\"United States World War I Centennial Commission\"\nMuseum and Library is the founding sponsor of the Commission. The Starr Foundation is supporting sponsor of the Commission. Members of the Commission were appointed by the President and the leaders of the Senate and the House of Representatives, as well as the American Legion, the Veterans of Foreign Wars, and the National World War I Museum. The Commissioners serve without pay. When World War I broke out in Europe during the summer of 1914, the United States stuck to a strict policy of neutrality. On August 4, 1914, President Woodrow Wilson declared to Congress that, \"\"The United States must", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1678418", "chunk_text": "\"United States in World War I\"\nthe war. The Boy Scouts of America helped distribute war pamphlets, helped sell war bonds, and helped to drive nationalism and support for the war. As late as 1917, the United States maintained only a small army, one which was in fact smaller than thirteen of the nations and empires already active in the war. After the passage of the Selective Service Act in 1917, it drafted 4 million men into military service. By the summer of 1918, about 2 million US soldiers had arrived in France, about half of whom eventually saw front-line service; by the Armistice of November", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16688102", "chunk_text": "\"History of the United States (1918–1945)\"\non Pearl Harbor, the United States entered the war against Imperial Japan, Fascist Italy, and Nazi Germany, known as the \"\"Axis Powers\"\". Italy surrendered in 1943, and Germany and Japan in 1945, after massive devastation and loss of life, while the US emerged far richer and with few casualties. The United States was in turmoil throughout 1919. The huge number of returning veterans could not find work, something the Wilson administration had given little thought to. After the war, fear of subversion resumed in the context of the Red Scare, massive strikes in major industries (steel, meatpacking) and violent race", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13768899", "chunk_text": "\"Roosevelt's World War I volunteers\"\nRoosevelt's World War I volunteers Roosevelt's World War I volunteers was a proposed military volunteer formation of Americans to fight in France for the Allies. In his book \"\"Foes of Our Own Household \"\" (1917), Theodore Roosevelt explains that he had authorization from Congress to raise four divisions to fight in France, similar to his earlier \"\"Rough Riders,\"\" the 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry Regiment and to the British Army 25th (Frontiersmen) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers. He had selected eighteen officers (including Seth Bullock, Frederick Russell Burnham, James Rudolph Garfield, John M. Parker, and Henry L. Stimson) and directed them to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_349	rain sleet or snow that contains a high concentration of acids is called?	n/a	[ "Acid rain", "\"Acid rain\"" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11212159", "chunk_text": "Ice\na density about one quarter of that of pure ice. Hard rime is comparatively dense. Ice pellets are a form of precipitation consisting of small, translucent balls of ice. This form of precipitation is also referred to as \"\"sleet\"\" by the United States National Weather Service. (In British English \"\"sleet\"\" refers to a mixture of rain and snow). Ice pellets are usually smaller than hailstones. They often bounce when they hit the ground, and generally do not freeze into a solid mass unless mixed with freezing rain. The METAR code for ice pellets is \"\"PL\"\". Ice pellets form when a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17879260", "chunk_text": "\"Freezing rain\"\nFreezing rain Freezing rain is the name given to rain precipitation maintained at temperatures below freezing by the ambient air mass that causes freezing on contact with surfaces. Unlike sleet, a mixture of rain and snow, ice pellets, or hail, freezing rain is made entirely of liquid droplets. The raindrops become supercooled while passing through a sub-freezing layer of air hundreds of meters above the ground, and then freeze upon impact with any surface they encounter, including the ground, trees, electrical wires, aircraft, and automobiles. The resulting ice, called glaze ice, can accumulate to a thickness of several centimeters and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20671877", "chunk_text": "Precipitation\ntend to be larger than other rain drops. The METAR code for rain is RA, while the coding for rain showers is SHRA. Ice pellets or sleet are a form of precipitation consisting of small, translucent balls of ice. Ice pellets are usually (but not always) smaller than hailstones. They often bounce when they hit the ground, and generally do not freeze into a solid mass unless mixed with freezing rain. The METAR code for ice pellets is PL. Ice pellets form when a layer of above-freezing air exists with sub-freezing air both above and below. This causes the partial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14759442", "chunk_text": "\"Basic precipitation\"\nBasic precipitation Basic precipitation or Alkaline precipitation occurs when either calcium oxide or sodium hydroxide is emitted into the atmosphere, absorbed by water droplets in clouds, and then falls as rain, snow, or sleet. Precipitation containing these compounds can increase the pH of soil or bodies of water and lead to increased fungal growth. The principal cause of basic rain is emissions from factories and waste deposits. Mineral dust containing large amounts of alkaline compounds such as calcium carbonate can also increase the pH of precipitation and contribute to basic rain. Basic rain can be viewed as opposite to acid", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4686828", "chunk_text": "\"Rain and snow mixed\"\nRain and snow mixed Rain and snow mixed is precipitation composed of rain and partially melted snow. Unlike ice pellets, which are hard, and freezing rain, which is fluid until striking an object, this precipitation is soft and translucent, but it contains some traces of ice crystals, from partially fused snowflakes. In any one location, it usually occurs briefly as a transition phase from rain to snow or vice versa. Its METAR code is RASN. This precipitation type is commonly known as sleet in most Commonwealth countries, including Canada. However, the United States National Weather Service uses the term sleet", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19499268", "chunk_text": "\"Ice pellets\"\na solid mass unless mixed with freezing rain. The METAR code for ice pellets is PL (PE before November 1998). Ice pellets are known as sleet in the United States, the official term used by the U.S. National Weather Service. However, the term sleet refers to a mixture of rain and snow in most Commonwealth countries, including Canada. Because of this, Environment Canada never uses the term \"\"sleet\"\", and uses the terms \"\"ice pellets\"\" or \"\"wet snow\"\" instead. Ice pellets form when a layer of above-freezing air is located between above the ground, with sub-freezing air both above and below", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "41519", "chunk_text": "\"Precipitation types\"\nthe preceding adjective \"\"freezing\"\", becoming known as freezing rain or freezing drizzle. Frozen forms of precipitation include snow, ice needles, sleet, hail, and graupel. Their respective intensities are classified either by rate of fall, or by visibility restriction. Precipitation falls in many forms, or phases. They can be subdivided into: The parenthesized letters are the METAR codes for each phenomenon. Precipitation occurs when local air becomes saturated with water vapor, and can no longer maintain the level of water vapor in gaseous form. This occurs when less dense moist air cools, usually when an airmass rises through the atmosphere. However,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20671873", "chunk_text": "Precipitation\ndrizzle. Rain or drizzle that freezes on contact within a subfreezing air mass is called \"\"freezing rain\"\" or \"\"freezing drizzle\"\". Frozen forms of precipitation include snow, ice needles, ice pellets, hail, and graupel. The dew point is the temperature to which a parcel must be cooled in order to become saturated, and (unless super-saturation occurs) condenses to water. Water vapor normally begins to condense on condensation nuclei such as dust, ice, and salt in order to form clouds. An elevated portion of a frontal zone forces broad areas of lift, which form clouds decks such as altostratus or cirrostratus. Stratus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17879273", "chunk_text": "\"Freezing rain\"\nimpact with a field below; all passengers and crew were killed. Freezing rain Freezing rain is the name given to rain precipitation maintained at temperatures below freezing by the ambient air mass that causes freezing on contact with surfaces. Unlike sleet, a mixture of rain and snow, ice pellets, or hail, freezing rain is made entirely of liquid droplets. The raindrops become supercooled while passing through a sub-freezing layer of air hundreds of meters above the ground, and then freeze upon impact with any surface they encounter, including the ground, trees, electrical wires, aircraft, and automobiles. The resulting ice, called", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1744476", "chunk_text": "Hail\nHail Hail is a form of solid precipitation. It is distinct from ice pellets (American English \"\"sleet\"\"), though the two are often confused. It consists of balls or irregular lumps of ice, each of which is called a hailstone. Ice pellets fall generally in cold weather while hail growth is greatly inhibited during cold surface temperatures. Unlike other forms of water ice such as graupel, which is made of rime, and ice pellets, which are smaller and translucent, hailstones usually measure between and in diameter. The METAR reporting code for hail or greater is GR, while smaller hailstones and graupel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20671868", "chunk_text": "Precipitation\nPrecipitation In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity. The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, sleet, snow, graupel and hail. Precipitation occurs when a portion of the atmosphere becomes saturated with water vapor, so that the water condenses and \"\"precipitates\"\". Thus, fog and mist are not precipitation but suspensions, because the water vapor does not condense sufficiently to precipitate. Two processes, possibly acting together, can lead to air becoming saturated: cooling the air or adding water vapor to the air. Precipitation forms as smaller droplets coalesce via collision with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5355183", "chunk_text": "\"Acid rain\"\ncloud droplets). Wet deposition of acids occurs when any form of precipitation (rain, snow, and so on.) removes acids from the atmosphere and delivers it to the Earth's surface. This can result from the deposition of acids produced in the raindrops (see aqueous phase chemistry above) or by the precipitation removing the acids either in clouds or below clouds. Wet removal of both gases and aerosols are both of importance for wet deposition. Acid deposition also occurs via dry deposition in the absence of precipitation. This can be responsible for as much as 20 to 60% of total acid deposition.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14537926", "chunk_text": "Slush\nSlush Slush, also called slush ice, is a slurry mixture of small ice crystals (e.g., snow) and liquid water. In the natural environment, slush forms when ice or snow melts. This often mixes with dirt and other materials, resulting in a gray or muddy brown color. Often, solid ice or snow can block the drainage of fluid water from slushy areas, so slush often goes through multiple freeze/thaw cycles before completely disappearing. In areas where road salt is used to clear roadways, slush forms at lower temperatures than it would ordinarily in salted areas. This can produce a number of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14759444", "chunk_text": "\"Basic precipitation\"\nrainwater (save nearest the industrial complex) was all tested to be basic and having an abundance of calcium cations. This brings attention to the fact that the aerosol is spreading and causing this increase in alkaline precipitation. If no action is taken against these calcium derived aerosols then there could be detrimental damage done to the environment. Basic precipitation Basic precipitation or Alkaline precipitation occurs when either calcium oxide or sodium hydroxide is emitted into the atmosphere, absorbed by water droplets in clouds, and then falls as rain, snow, or sleet. Precipitation containing these compounds can increase the pH of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4646668", "chunk_text": "\"Acid rain\"\nis produced by volcanic eruptions. Acid rain has been shown to have adverse impacts on forests, freshwaters and soils, killing insect and aquatic life-forms, causing paint to peel, corrosion of steel structures such as bridges, and weathering of stone buildings and statues as well as having impacts on human health. \"\"Acid rain\"\" is a popular term referring to the deposition of a mixture from wet (rain, snow, sleet, fog, cloudwater, and dew) and dry (acidifying particles and gases) acidic components. Distilled water, once carbon dioxide is removed, has a neutral pH of 7. Liquids with a pH less than 7", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18751324", "chunk_text": "\"Slush flow\"\nSlush flow A slushflow is rapid mass movement of water and snow, and is categorized as a type of debris flow. Slushflows are caused when water reaches a critical concentration in the snowpack due to more water inflow than outflow. The high water concentration weakens the cohesion of the snow crystals and increases the weight of the snowpack. A slushflow is released when the component of the force of gravity parallel to the slope generates a hydraulic pressure gradient exceeding the tensile strength and basal friction of the snowpack. While frequently compared to an avalanche, they have some key differences.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1083313", "chunk_text": "\"Sulfuric acid\"\na concentrated acid rain, as the clouds in the atmosphere of Earth produce water rain. The atmosphere exhibits a sulfuric acid cycle. As sulfuric acid rain droplets fall down through the hotter layers of the atmosphere's temperature gradient, they are heated up and release water vapor, becoming more and more concentrated. When they reach temperatures above 300 °C, sulfuric acid begins to decompose into sulfur trioxide and water, both in the gas phase. Sulfur trioxide is highly reactive and dissociates into sulfur dioxide and atomic oxygen, which oxidizes traces of carbon monoxide to form carbon dioxide. Sulfur dioxide and water", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16578750", "chunk_text": "\"Winter storm\"\nbut have not frozen. The ice crystal plows into the super-cooled droplets and they immediately freeze to it. This process forms \"\"graupel\"\", or snow pellets, as the droplet continues to accumulate on the crystal. The pellets bounce when they hit the ground. Out ahead of the passage of a warm front, falling snow may partially melt and refreeze into a frozen rain drop before it reaches the ground. These ice pellets are called \"\"sleet\"\" in most of the US. Because it is easily seen and does not accumulate ice, it is not as dangerous as freezing rain. \"\"Rime\"\" is a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20110312", "chunk_text": "Precipitation\nspecific amount, basis. Radar imagery forecasting techniques show higher skill than model forecasts within six to seven hours of the time of the radar image. The forecasts can be verified through use of rain gauge measurements, weather radar estimates, or a combination of both. Various skill scores can be determined to measure the value of the rainfall forecast. Precipitation In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity. The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, sleet, snow, graupel and hail. Precipitation occurs when a portion of the atmosphere becomes saturated with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14537927", "chunk_text": "Slush\ndifferent consistencies over the same geographical area. Slushfall or slushing is the action of a wet snow falling from the sky. Because slush behaves like a Non-Newtonian fluid, which means it behaves like a solid mass until its inner shear forces rise beyond a specific threshold and beyond can very suddenly become fluid, it is very difficult to predict its behavior. This is the underlying mechanism of Avalanches and their unpredictability and thus hidden potential to become a natural hazard. Slush can also be a problem on an aircraft runway since the effect of excess slush acting on the aircraft's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1915115", "chunk_text": "Rain\nthe Atlantic Ocean typically has a pH of 5.0–5.6; rain that comes across the continental from the west has a pH of 3.8–4.8; and local thunderstorms can have a pH as low as 2.0. Rain becomes acidic primarily due to the presence of two strong acids, sulfuric acid (HSO) and nitric acid (HNO). Sulfuric acid is derived from natural sources such as volcanoes, and wetlands (sulfate reducing bacteria); and anthropogenic sources such as the combustion of fossil fuels, and mining where HS is present. Nitric acid is produced by natural sources such as lightning, soil bacteria, and natural fires; while", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11201512", "chunk_text": "Hail\nusing rockets and artillery shells. Hail suppression programs have been undertaken by 15 countries between 1965 and 2005. Hail Hail is a form of solid precipitation. It is distinct from ice pellets (American English \"\"sleet\"\"), though the two are often confused. It consists of balls or irregular lumps of ice, each of which is called a hailstone. Ice pellets fall generally in cold weather while hail growth is greatly inhibited during cold surface temperatures. Unlike other forms of water ice such as graupel, which is made of rime, and ice pellets, which are smaller and translucent, hailstones usually measure between", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5355156", "chunk_text": "\"Acid rain\"\nAcid rain Acid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it has elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH). It can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals and infrastructure. Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids. Some governments have made efforts since the 1970s to reduce the release of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide into the atmosphere with positive results. Nitrogen oxides can also be produced naturally by lightning strikes, and sulphur dioxide", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12344956", "chunk_text": "\"Ice storm\"\nIce storm The formation of ice begins with a layer of above-freezing air above a layer of sub-freezing temperatures closer to the surface. Frozen precipitation melts to rain while falling into the warm air layer, and then begins to refreeze in the cold layer below. If the precipitate refreezes while still in the air, it will land on the ground as sleet. Alternatively, the liquid droplets can continue to fall without freezing, passing through the cold air just above the surface. This thin layer of air then cools the rain to a temperature below freezing (). However, the drops themselves", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1915099", "chunk_text": "Rain\nan occluded front, with thunderstorms possible, but usually their passage is associated with a drying of the air mass. Occluded fronts usually form around mature low-pressure areas. What separates rainfall from other precipitation types, such as ice pellets and snow, is the presence of a thick layer of air aloft which is above the melting point of water, which melts the frozen precipitation well before it reaches the ground. If there is a shallow near surface layer that is below freezing, freezing rain (rain which freezes on contact with surfaces in subfreezing environments) will result. Hail becomes an increasingly infrequent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16578751", "chunk_text": "\"Winter storm\"\nmilky white accumulation of super-cooled cloud or fog droplets that freeze when they strike an object that has a temperature of , the freezing point of water. The process is called \"\"riming\"\" when super-cooled cloud droplets attach to ice crystals in the formation of graupel. Rime ice can pose a hazard to an airliner when it forms on a wing as an aircraft flies through a cloud of super-cooled droplets. Winter storm A winter storm is an event in which varieties of precipitation are formed that only occur at low temperatures, such as snow or sleet, or a rainstorm where", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1795404", "chunk_text": "Graupel\nGraupel Graupel (; Enɡlish: ), also called soft hail or snow pellets, is precipitation that forms when supercooled water droplets are collected and freeze on falling snowflakes, forming balls of rime. The term \"\"graupel\"\" comes from the German language. Graupel is distinct from hail, small hail and ice pellets: the World Meteorological Organization defines small hail as snow pellets encapsulated by ice, a precipitation halfway between graupel and hail. The METAR code for graupel is GS. Under some atmospheric conditions, snow crystals may encounter supercooled water droplets. These droplets, which have a diameter of about , can exist in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3815289", "chunk_text": "\"Ice pellets\"\nIce pellets Ice pellets are a form of precipitation consisting of small, translucent balls of ice. Ice pellets are smaller than hailstones which form in thunderstorms rather than in winter, and are different from graupel (\"\"soft hail\"\") which is made of frosty white rime, and from a mixture of rain and snow which is a slushy liquid or semisolid. Ice pellets often bounce when they hit the ground or other solid objects, and make a higher-pitched \"\"tap\"\" when striking objects like jackets, windshields, and dried leaves, compared to the dull splat of liquid raindrops. Pellets generally do not freeze into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16640706", "chunk_text": "\"Accretion (meteorology)\"\nAccretion (meteorology) Accretion is defined as the gradual collection of something over time. In meteorology or atmospheric science it is the process of accumulation of frozen water as precipitation over time as it descends through the atmosphere, in particular when an ice crystal or snowflake hits a supercooled liquid droplet, which then freeze together, increasing the size of the water particle. The collection of these particles eventually forms snow or hail in clouds and depending on lower atmosphere temperatures may become rain, sleet, or graupel. Accretion is the basis for cloud formation and can also be seen as water accumulates", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13719920", "chunk_text": "\"Cold-air damming\"\nresult. Sleet, or Ice pellets, form when a layer of above-freezing air exists with sub-freezing air both above and below it. This causes the partial or complete melting of any snowflakes falling through the warm layer. As they fall back into the sub-freezing layer closer to the surface, they re-freeze into ice pellets. However, if the sub-freezing layer beneath the warm layer is too small, the precipitation will not have time to re-freeze, and freezing rain will be the result at the surface. A thicker or stronger cold layer, where the warm layer aloft does not significantly warm above the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20671869", "chunk_text": "Precipitation\nother rain drops or ice crystals within a cloud. Short, intense periods of rain in scattered locations are called \"\"showers.\"\" Moisture that is lifted or otherwise forced to rise over a layer of sub-freezing air at the surface may be condensed into clouds and rain. This process is typically active when freezing rain occurs. A stationary front is often present near the area of freezing rain and serves as the foci for forcing and rising air. Provided necessary and sufficient atmospheric moisture content, the moisture within the rising air will condense into clouds, namely stratus and cumulonimbus. Eventually, the cloud", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19272693", "chunk_text": "\"Rimed snow\"\nRimed snow Rimed snow refers to snowflakes that are partially or completely coated in tiny frozen water droplets called 'rime'. Rime forms on a snowflake when it passes through a super-cooled cloud. Snowflakes that are heavily rimed typically produce very heavy and wet snow, with snow to liquid ratios in the 5-1 (i.e. five inches of snow per inch of rain) to 9-1 range. Rimed snow has been found to provide greater initial stability for a snow layer. However, it also allows thicker, and therefore less stable, snow layers to build up. It could be argued that these cancel each", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14537928", "chunk_text": "Slush\nwheels can have a resisting effect during take off, which can cause an accident such as the Munich air disaster. Slush on roads can also increase the braking distances for cars and trucks, increasing the possibility of rear end crashes and other accidents. Slush refreezing in overnight frost can turn to dangerous slippery ice underfoot. In some cases though, slush can be beneficial. When snow hits the slush, it melts on contact. This prevents roads from becoming too congested with snow or sleet. Slush Slush, also called slush ice, is a slurry mixture of small ice crystals (e.g., snow) and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1486410", "chunk_text": "\"Clear ice\"\nClear ice Clear ice refers to a solid precipitation which forms when air temperature is between and and there are supercooled, relatively large drops of water (from freezing fog). A rapid accretion and a slow dissipation of latent heat of fusion favor the formation of a transparent ice coating, without air or other impurities. A similar phenomenon occurs when freezing rain or drizzle hit a surface and is called glaze. Clear ice, when formed on the ground, is often called black ice, and can be extremely hazardous. Clear ice is denser and more homogeneous than hard rime; like rime, however,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4646669", "chunk_text": "\"Acid rain\"\nare acidic, and those with a pH greater than 7 are alkaline. \"\"Clean\"\" or unpolluted rain has an acidic pH, but usually no lower than 5.7, because carbon dioxide and water in the air react together to form carbonic acid, a weak acid according to the following reaction: Carbonic acid then can ionize in water forming low concentrations of carbonate and hydronium ions: However, unpolluted rain can also contain other chemicals which affect its pH (acidity level). A common example is nitric acid produced by electric discharge in the atmosphere such as lightning. Acid deposition as an environmental issue (discussed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3785975", "chunk_text": "\"Winter storm\"\nWinter storm A winter storm is an event in which varieties of precipitation are formed that only occur at low temperatures, such as snow or sleet, or a rainstorm where ground temperatures are low enough to allow ice to form (i.e. freezing rain). In temperate continental climates, these storms are not necessarily restricted to the winter season, but may occur in the late autumn and early spring as well. Very rarely, they may form in summer, though it would have to be an abnormally cold summer, such as the summer of 1816 in the Northeastern United States. Snowstorms are storms", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13397375", "chunk_text": "Snow\nphases of water may coexist, including liquid water partially filling the pore space. Starting as a powdery deposition, snow becomes more granular when it begins to compact under its own weight, be blown by the wind, sinter particles together and commence the cycle of melting and refreezing. Water vapor plays a role as it deposits ice crystals, known as hoar frost, during cold, still conditions. Over the course of time, a snowpack may settle under its own weight until its density is approximately 30% of water. Increases in density above this initial compression occur primarily by melting and refreezing, caused", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7204005", "chunk_text": "\"Clear ice\"\nclear ice accumulates on branches and overhead lines, where it is particularly dangerous due to its relative high density. Clear ice Clear ice refers to a solid precipitation which forms when air temperature is between and and there are supercooled, relatively large drops of water (from freezing fog). A rapid accretion and a slow dissipation of latent heat of fusion favor the formation of a transparent ice coating, without air or other impurities. A similar phenomenon occurs when freezing rain or drizzle hit a surface and is called glaze. Clear ice, when formed on the ground, is often called black", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17879263", "chunk_text": "\"Freezing rain\"\nair at the surface within the region of high pressure. The warm air from the Gulf of Mexico is often the fuel for freezing precipitation. Freezing rain develops when falling snow encounters a layer of warm air aloft, typically around the 800 mbar (800 hPa) level, causing the snow to melt and become rain. As the rain continues to fall, it passes through a layer of subfreezing air just above the surface and cools to a temperature below freezing (). If this layer of subfreezing air is sufficiently deep, the raindrops may have time to freeze into ice pellets (sleet)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19441494", "chunk_text": "Weathering\nrelease occurs of Ca and other ions into surface waters. Rainfall is acidic because atmospheric carbon dioxide dissolves in the rainwater producing weak carbonic acid. In unpolluted environments, the rainfall pH is around 5.6. Acid rain occurs when gases such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are present in the atmosphere. These oxides react in the rain water to produce stronger acids and can lower the pH to 4.5 or even 3.0. Sulfur dioxide, SO, comes from volcanic eruptions or from fossil fuels, can become sulfuric acid within rainwater, which can cause solution weathering to the rocks on which it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17974420", "chunk_text": "\"Fresh water\"\nwater falling as mist, rain or snow contains materials dissolved from the atmosphere and material from the sea and land over which the rain bearing clouds have traveled. In industrialized areas rain is typically acidic because of dissolved oxides of sulfur and nitrogen formed from burning of fossil fuels in cars, factories, trains and aircraft and from the atmospheric emissions of industry. In some cases this acid rain results in pollution of lakes and rivers. In coastal areas fresh water may contain significant concentrations of salts derived from the sea if windy conditions have lifted drops of seawater into the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11576327", "chunk_text": "Snow\nSnow Snow refers to forms of ice crystals that precipitate from the atmosphere (usually from clouds) and undergo changes on the Earth's surface. It pertains to frozen crystalline water throughout its life cycle, starting when, under suitable conditions, the ice crystals form in the atmosphere, increase to millimeter size, precipitate and accumulate on surfaces, then metamorphose in place, and ultimately melt, slide or sublimate away. Snowstorms organize and develop by feeding on sources of atmospheric moisture and cold air. Snowflakes nucleate around particles in the atmosphere by attracting supercooled water droplets, which freeze in hexagonal-shaped crystals. Snowflakes take on a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16466707", "chunk_text": "Snowsquall\nSnowsquall A snowsquall (or snow squall) is a sudden moderately heavy snow fall with blowing snow and strong, gusty surface winds. It is often referred to as a whiteout and is similar to a blizzard but is localized in time or in location and snow accumulations may or may not be significant. There are two primary types of snowsqualls: lake effect and frontal. When arctic air moves over large expanses of warmer open waters in winter, convective clouds develop which cause heavy snow showers due to the large amount of moisture available. This occurs southwest of extratropical cyclones, with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "898801", "chunk_text": "\"Rain and snow mixed\"\nabove retreating cold air, causing snow to change to ice pellets, freezing rain and finally rain. The reverse transition can occur behind the departing low pressure system, though it is more common for precipitation to change directly from rain to snow, or for it to stop before a transition back. Rain and snow mixed Rain and snow mixed is precipitation composed of rain and partially melted snow. Unlike ice pellets, which are hard, and freezing rain, which is fluid until striking an object, this precipitation is soft and translucent, but it contains some traces of ice crystals, from partially fused", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19272694", "chunk_text": "\"Rimed snow\"\nother out. There has been research into the effect of rimed snow on avalanches. Rimed snow Rimed snow refers to snowflakes that are partially or completely coated in tiny frozen water droplets called 'rime'. Rime forms on a snowflake when it passes through a super-cooled cloud. Snowflakes that are heavily rimed typically produce very heavy and wet snow, with snow to liquid ratios in the 5-1 (i.e. five inches of snow per inch of rain) to 9-1 range. Rimed snow has been found to provide greater initial stability for a snow layer. However, it also allows thicker, and therefore less", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1915145", "chunk_text": "Rain\niron rain. Rain Rain is liquid water in the form of droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapor and then become heavy enough to fall under gravity. Rain is a major component of the water cycle and is responsible for depositing most of the fresh water on the Earth. It provides suitable conditions for many types of ecosystems, as well as water for hydroelectric power plants and crop irrigation. The major cause of rain production is moisture moving along three-dimensional zones of temperature and moisture contrasts known as weather fronts. If enough moisture and upward motion is present, precipitation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "898798", "chunk_text": "\"Rain and snow mixed\"\nto refer to ice pellets. This precipitation occurs when the temperature in the lowest part of the atmosphere is slightly above the freezing point of water The depth of low-level warm air (below the freezing level) needed to melt snow falling from above to rain varies from about and depends on the mass of the flakes and the lapse rate of the melting layer. Rain and snow typically mix when the melting layer depth falls between these values. Wintry showers is a somewhat informal meteorological term, used primarily in the United Kingdom, to refer to various mixtures of rain, graupel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17879268", "chunk_text": "\"Freezing rain\"\nfall onto power lines. Windy conditions and lightning, when present, will exacerbate the damage. Power lines coated with ice become extremely heavy, causing support poles, insulators and lines to break. The ice that forms on roadways makes vehicle travel dangerous. Unlike snow, wet ice provides almost no traction, and vehicles will slide even on gentle slopes. Because freezing rain does not hit the ground as an ice pellet (called \"\"sleet\"\") but still as a rain droplet, it conforms to the shape of the ground, or object such as a tree branch or car. This makes one thick layer of ice,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11992649", "chunk_text": "Ice\nand repeat the cycle. The result is a stratified ice deposit, often several meters thick. Freezing rain is a type of winter storm called an ice storm where rain falls and then freezes producing a glaze of ice. Ice can also form icicles, similar to stalactites in appearance, or stalagmite-like forms as water drips and re-freezes. The term \"\"ice dam\"\" has three meanings (others discussed below). On structures, an ice dam is the buildup of ice on a sloped roof which stops melt water from draining properly and can cause damage from water leaks in buildings. Ice which forms on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18491930", "chunk_text": "\"Crown snow-load\"\nCrown snow-load Crown snow-load is snow and/or hard rime that accumulates on tree crowns in a cold climate. There are two main climatic conditions in which this phenomenon chiefly takes place. Hard rime is formed when subcooled droplets of fog or low level cloud (\"\"Stratus\"\") freeze on the windward (wind-facing) side of tree branches, buildings, or any other solid objects. This takes place usually with moderate wind velocities from 3 m/s to 6 m/s and air temperatures between -2 °C (28 °F) and -8 °C (18 °F). Snow may accumulate directly on the trees when a warm front brings wet", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_350	who plays jack skellington in nightmare before christmas?	n/a	[ "Danny Elfman", "Chris Sarandon" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2650600", "chunk_text": "\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\nThe Nightmare Before Christmas The Nightmare Before Christmas (marketed as Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas) is a 1993 American stop-motion animated musical dark fantasy Halloween-Christmas film directed by Henry Selick, and produced and conceived by Tim Burton. It tells the story of Jack Skellington, the King of \"\"Halloween Town\"\" who stumbles through a portal to \"\"Christmas Town\"\" and decides to celebrate the holiday. Danny Elfman wrote the songs and score, and provided the singing voice of Jack. The principal voice cast also includes Chris Sarandon, Catherine O'Hara, William Hickey, Ken Page, Paul Reubens, Glenn Shadix, and Ed Ivory. \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1502758", "chunk_text": "\"Jack Skellington\"\nJack Skellington Jack Skellington is a character and the main protagonist of the 1993 film \"\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\". Jack is the \"\"Pumpkin King\"\" of Halloween Town, a fantasy world based solely on the Halloween holiday. Jack is voiced by Chris Sarandon. Danny Elfman provided Jack's singing voice in the film, although Sarandon has sung as Jack in subsequent productions. His overall appearance is a skeleton dressed in a black pin-striped suit and a bow tie that strongly resembles a black bat. Originally, his suit was meant to be completely black, but it blended with the background too well, so", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12542554", "chunk_text": "\"Chris Sarandon\"\nChris Sarandon Christopher Sarandon Jr. (; born July 24, 1942) is an American actor. He is known best for playing Prince Humperdinck in the movie \"\"The Princess Bride\"\", the vampire Jerry Dandrige in \"\"Fright Night\"\", Detective Mike Norris in \"\"Child's Play\"\" (1988), and for providing the speaking voice of Jack Skellington in \"\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\". He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance as Leon Shermer in \"\"Dog Day Afternoon\"\". Sarandon was born and raised in Beckley, West Virginia, the son of restaurateurs Christopher \"\"Chris\"\" Sarandon and Cliffie (née Cardullias). His father, whose", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6696143", "chunk_text": "\"Jack Skellington\"\nsix feet tall and sold exclusively at Spirit Halloween. In the \"\"Disney Infinity\"\" toys-to-life series, Jack appears as part of the second wave of playable figurines. Jamie Frater adds, \"\"Jack is perfectly realized as the 'town hero' who seeks more in his life (or death, as it may be), a place we all find ourselves time to time.\"\" UGO Networks listed Jack as one of their best heroes of all time. Jack Skellington Jack Skellington is a character and the main protagonist of the 1993 film \"\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\". Jack is the \"\"Pumpkin King\"\" of Halloween Town, a fantasy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2650602", "chunk_text": "\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\ndark and scary for kids\"\". The film was met with both critical and financial success, grossing over $76 million during its initial run. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects, a first for an animated film. The film has since been reissued by Walt Disney Pictures, and was re-released annually in Disney Digital 3-D from 2006 until 2009, making it the first stop-motion animated feature to be entirely converted to 3D. Halloween Town is a fantasy world filled with monsters, ghosts, ghouls, goblins, zombies, demons, mummies, vampires, werewolves, and witches. Jack Skellington, the \"\"Pumpkin King\"\" and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3984066", "chunk_text": "\"Santa Claus in film\"\nAnother recent devious mall Santa was played by Billy Bob Thornton in \"\"Bad Santa\"\" (2003), a film which gained normally family-friendly Disney \"\"bad press\"\". Tim Burton's stop-action animated musical film, \"\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\" (1993), depicts Jack Skellington, the Pumpkin King of Halloween Town, wanting to become Santa Claus after an accidental visit to Christmas Town. After the mostly well-meaning but clueless Halloween citizens capture Santa, they try to take over Christmas with disastrous results; the real Santa is almost killed by the Oogie Boogie Man. Santa is voiced here by Ed Ivory, and in the video game spin-offs, Corey", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17104120", "chunk_text": "\"Hushabye Mountain\"\nsong was recorded by Danny Elfman as the character Jack Skellington for the film The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993) but not used. In 2015, British comedian Alexander Armstrong performed it for his album \"\"A Year of Songs\"\" (2015). British comedian Jason Manford included the song on his 2017 album \"\"A Different Stage\"\". In October 2017, Belly released a cover of the song, as part of a PledgeMusic campaign for their new album. It was also included on their 2018 EP \"\"Feel,\"\" released as a Record Store Day exclusive. Hushabye Mountain \"\"Hushabye Mountain\"\" is a ballad by the songwriting team Robert", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2650607", "chunk_text": "\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\nfall into Oogie's cauldron and are killed. Jack apologizes to Santa for his actions, and Santa assures Jack that he can fix things and returns to Christmas Town. As Santa replaces the Halloween-style presents with genuine ones, the townspeople of Halloween Town celebrate Jack's return. Santa then visits Halloween Town and brings them a snowfall for the residents to play with. In the graveyard, Jack and Sally declare their love for each other. The cast also features Kerry Katz, Carmen Twillie, Randy Crenshaw, Debi Durst, Glenn Walters, Sherwood Ball, and Greg Proops voicing various characters. Patrick Stewart recorded narration for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17427385", "chunk_text": "\"Jack Skellington\"\nshape. Jack decided to leave Halloween Town to get new ideas for Halloween frights. When Jack comes back to town, he finds that Oogie Boogie has been resurrected. Now Jack has to set things right again. Jack dances, fights, and sings in this game to attack Oogie Boogie's minions. Jack is portrayed as inept to some degree in this game. Chris Sarandon did both the speaking and singing voice for Jack in this game. Jack Skellington features in the Nightmare Before Christmas downloadable expansion pack which includes Jack Skellington, Sally, Oogie-Boogie, Dr. Finklestein and the Mayor as in-game playable costumes.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3528639", "chunk_text": "\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\nof the normal rectangular box. A 168-card \"\"Munchkin Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\"-themed \"\"Munchkin\"\" was developed by USAopoly featuring the citizens of Halloween Town such as Jack Skellington, Oogie Boogie, Doctor Finklestein, and Lock, Shock and Barrel. The game comes with a custom die similar to the ones used by Oogie Boogie in the film. A live concert, produced by Disney Concerts, was held at the Hollywood Bowl in October 2015, and was followed by subsequent performances in 2016 and 2018. The shows featured Elfman, O'Hara, and Page reprising their roles from the film. The Nightmare Before Christmas The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2650614", "chunk_text": "\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\n20 individual stages were simultaneously being used for filming. In total, there were 109,440 frames taken for the film. The work of Ray Harryhausen, Ladislas Starevich, Edward Gorey, Étienne Delessert, Gahan Wilson, Charles Addams, Jan Lenica, Francis Bacon, and Wassily Kandinsky influenced the filmmakers. Selick described the production design as akin to a pop-up book. In addition, Selick stated, \"\"When we reach Halloween Town, it's entirely German Expressionism. When Jack enters Christmas Town, it's an outrageous Dr. Seuss-esque setpiece. Finally, when Jack is delivering presents in the 'Real World', everything is plain, simple and perfectly aligned.\"\" Vincent Price, Don Ameche,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16350420", "chunk_text": "\"Glenn Shadix\"\nGlenn Shadix William Glenn Shadix Scott (April 15, 1952 – September 7, 2010) was an American actor and voice actor known for his role as Otho in Tim Burton's horror comedy film \"\"Beetlejuice\"\" and as the voice of the Mayor of Halloween Town in \"\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\". Shadix was born in Bessemer, Alabama. He added the surname \"\"Scott\"\" when his mother, Annie Ruth (Livingston), remarried a few years after his birth. He attended Birmingham-Southern College for two years, studying with absurdist playwright-director Arnold Powell. He lived in Manhattan, New York City prior to moving to Hollywood in the late", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "650464", "chunk_text": "\"Rob Archer\"\nRob Archer Rob Archer (born August 9, 1975) is a Canadian actor and stuntman known for his roles as Bruce in \"\"Lost Girl\"\", Krampus in \"\"A Christmas Horror Story\"\" and Knox in \"\"Ant-Man and the Wasp\"\". Rob Archer grew up as an 80's kid, admiring the big name slashers such as Jason Voorhees, Freddy Krueger and Michael Myers. However, at the age of twenty he opted to become a bodybuilder while all of his friends went off to college. His trainer's wife was a talent agent and insisted that he try out for acting. Archer recalled his first audition, \"\"...it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12881536", "chunk_text": "\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\nin common with Jack Skellington.\"\" Caroline Thompson still had yet to be hired to write the screenplay. With Thompson's screenplay, Selick stated, \"\"there are very few lines of dialogue that are Caroline's. She became busy on other films and we were constantly rewriting, re-configuring and developing the film visually.\"\" Selick and his team of animators began production in July 1991 in San Francisco, California with a crew of over 120 workers, utilizing 20 sound stages for filming. Joe Ranft was hired from Disney as a storyboard supervisor, while Eric Leighton was hired to supervise animation. At the peak of production,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16606485", "chunk_text": "\"Thomas Dekker (actor)\"\nThomas Dekker (actor) Thomas Alexander Dekker (born December 28, 1987) is an American film, television actor, musician, and voice actor. He is also a singer, and has written and produced two albums. He is best known for his roles as in \"\"\"\", Adam Conant on \"\"The Secret Circle\"\", and Zach on \"\"Heroes\"\". Dekker did the voice of Littlefoot in \"\"The Land Before Time V-IX\"\" (singing voice in \"\"\"\") and as Fievel Mousekewitz in \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\". He is known for playing Jesse Braun in the 2010 remake of \"\"A Nightmare on Elm Street\"\", and Smith in Gregg Araki's film \"\"Kaboom\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6360117", "chunk_text": "\"Ken Page\"\nits sister show, \"\"Halloween Screams\"\" at Disneyland, the Haunted Mansion Holiday (also at Disneyland), the \"\"Hocus Pocus Villain Spelltacular\"\" (at Magic Kingdom) and subsequent video games including \"\"\"\", \"\"\"\" and the \"\"Kingdom Hearts\"\" series. Ken Page Kenneth Page (born January 20, 1954) is an American cabaret singer and actor. Page is best known as the voice of Oogie Boogie, the main antagonist of Tim Burton's \"\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\", creating the eponymous role of \"\"Ken\"\" in the original Broadway production of \"\"Ain't Misbehavin'\"\", King Gator from Don Bluth's All Dogs Go To Heaven, and playing the role of \"\"Old Deuteronomy\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13488773", "chunk_text": "\"The Nightmare Room\"\nnarrator whose final words always were \"\"the nightmare room\"\", then a door with \"\"The Nightmare Room\"\" logo appeared, closing. In many instances, the series resembled the television series \"\"The Twilight Zone\"\" with teens taking the role as the main characters, many of whom portrayed the characters were popular child actors at the time, including Amanda Bynes, Frankie Muniz, Justin Berfield, Drake Bell, Brenda Song, Shia LaBeouf, and Dylan and Cole Sprouse. In addition, Robert Englund (famously known as Freddy Krueger from the \"\"Nightmare on Elm Street\"\" films) played as various roles. Actress Kaley Cuoco (later known for her roles in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6765780", "chunk_text": "\"Rolly Teranishi\"\nand his works as a movie director; he owns a costume of his favorite Tim Burton character, Jack Skellington from \"\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\". Being a big fan of \"\"The Rocky Horror Picture Show\"\", he has made several appearances in the stage performances in Japan as Dr. Frank-N-Furter. Other stage performances include the role of Captain Hook in \"\"Peter Pan\"\" and the Fox and the Conceited Man in \"\"Le Petit Prince\"\". His most recent stage role was in the first Japanese production of \"\"Tommy\"\", playing the parts of Cousin Kevin and the Pinball Wizard. 2006 was the 15th-year anniversary of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16951070", "chunk_text": "\"Kristen Lawrence\"\nwith Jeff Friedl (Devo) on drums and Francesco DiCosmo (Thin Lizzy) on bass guitar at EastWest Studios. Looking at her wish list, Lawrence then utilized some fortuitous connections to be able to feature Steve Bartek (Oingo Boingo, Danny Elfman) on guitar, baritone guitar, and mandolin, John Avila (Oingo Boingo) on bass, and MB Gordy (Doobie Brothers) on drums. Stephen Fortner, Executive Editor of Keyboard Magazine (October 2010) foretold a spooky coincidence by stating that Kristen's \"\"... Halloween carols produce \"\"an elegance Jack Skellington never quite managed. If the Halloween Town of Tim Burton’s \"\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\" had a resident", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17609756", "chunk_text": "\"Robert Englund\"\nRobert Englund Robert Barton Englund (born June 6, 1947) is an American actor, voice actor, singer, and director, best known for playing the infamous serial killer Freddy Krueger in the \"\"Nightmare on Elm Street\"\" film series. He received a Saturn Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor for \"\"\"\" in 1987 and \"\"\"\" in 1988. Englund is a classically trained actor. Englund was born on June 6, 1947, in Glendale, California, the son of Janis (née MacDonald) and John Kent Englund, an aeronautics engineer who helped develop the Lockheed U-2 airplane. He is of part Swedish ancestry and part Scottish. Englund", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3528619", "chunk_text": "\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\nasked on Burton's involvement, Selick claimed, \"\"I don't want to take away from Tim, but he was not in San Francisco when we made it. He came up five times over two years, and spent no more than eight or ten days in total.\"\" Walt Disney Feature Animation contributed with some use of second-layering traditional animation. Burton found production somewhat difficult because he was directing \"\"Batman Returns\"\" and in pre-production of \"\"Ed Wood\"\". The filmmakers constructed 227 puppets to represent the characters in the movie, with Jack Skellington having \"\"around four hundred heads\"\", allowing the expression of every possible emotion.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6360113", "chunk_text": "\"Ken Page\"\nKen Page Kenneth Page (born January 20, 1954) is an American cabaret singer and actor. Page is best known as the voice of Oogie Boogie, the main antagonist of Tim Burton's \"\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\", creating the eponymous role of \"\"Ken\"\" in the original Broadway production of \"\"Ain't Misbehavin'\"\", King Gator from Don Bluth's All Dogs Go To Heaven, and playing the role of \"\"Old Deuteronomy\"\" in both the original Broadway and filmed stage productions of \"\"Cats, the Musical. Page was born and raised in St. Louis, Missouri. He attended Bishop DuBourg High School and Fontbonne College. In a 2015", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4867270", "chunk_text": "\"Haunted Mansion Holiday\"\nan mixture of tracks from the original attraction and new ones. Haunted Mansion Holiday Haunted Mansion Holiday, also known as Haunted Mansion Holiday Nightmare, is a seasonal overlay of the Haunted Mansion attraction at Disneyland and Tokyo Disneyland that blends the settings and characters of the original Haunted Mansion with those of Tim Burton's 1993 film \"\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\". Taking inspiration from \"\"The Night Before Christmas\"\", the attraction retells the story of Jack Skellington (as \"\"Sandy Claws\"\") visiting the Haunted Mansion on Christmas Eve, leaving holiday chaos in his wake. The Haunted Mansion typically closes for two and half", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11387408", "chunk_text": "\"Haunted Mansion Holiday\"\nHaunted Mansion Holiday Haunted Mansion Holiday, also known as Haunted Mansion Holiday Nightmare, is a seasonal overlay of the Haunted Mansion attraction at Disneyland and Tokyo Disneyland that blends the settings and characters of the original Haunted Mansion with those of Tim Burton's 1993 film \"\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\". Taking inspiration from \"\"The Night Before Christmas\"\", the attraction retells the story of Jack Skellington (as \"\"Sandy Claws\"\") visiting the Haunted Mansion on Christmas Eve, leaving holiday chaos in his wake. The Haunted Mansion typically closes for two and half weeks in late summer so it can be converted into the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14302002", "chunk_text": "\"William Hickey (actor)\"\nWilliam Hickey (actor) William Edward Hickey (September 19, 1927 – June 29, 1997) was an American actor. He is best known for his Academy Award-nominated role as Don Corrado Prizzi in the John Huston film \"\"Prizzi's Honor\"\" (1985), as well as Uncle Lewis in \"\"National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation\"\" (1989) and the voice of Dr. Finklestein in Tim Burton's \"\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\" (1993). Hickey was born in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Edward and Nora Hickey, both of Irish descent. He had an older sister, Dorothy Finn. Hickey began acting on radio in 1938. Hickey had a long, distinguished", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5375717", "chunk_text": "\"Santa Claus in film\"\nwhich Santa Claus rescues Joe (Christian Fitzpatric) from his best friend Cornelia's (Carrie Kei Heim) evil step-uncle B. Z. (John Lithgow). Santa is a hero in \"\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\", held captive by Oogie Boogie, although he is spiteful and enraged at Jack when freed. The latest films to depict Santa Claus in such a manner are \"\"\"\" (2005), and the Dreamworks film \"\"Rise of the Guardians\"\". In the Chronicles of Narnia film, Father Christmas (James Cosmo) supplies the Pevensie children with the weapons and tools they need to battle the White Witch (Tilda Swinton). In \"\"Rise of the Guardians\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14301512", "chunk_text": "\"Tim Burton\"\nBoard of Review Awards Chicago Film Critics Association Awards Producers Guild of America Awards 64th Venice International Film Festival Lacanian Psychoanalysis Prize The Order of the Arts and Letters Moscow International Film Festival Critical, public and commercial reception to films Burton has directed as of February 2017. Tim Burton Timothy Walter Burton (born August 25, 1958) is an American film director, producer, artist, writer, and animator. He is known for his dark, gothic, and eccentric horror and fantasy films such as \"\"Beetlejuice\"\" (1988), \"\"Edward Scissorhands\"\" (1990), \"\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\" (1993), \"\"Ed Wood\"\" (1994), \"\"Sleepy Hollow\"\" (1999), \"\"Corpse Bride\"\" (2005),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17427379", "chunk_text": "\"Jack Skellington\"\nit was changed. At the beginning of the film, Jack makes his grand entrance by emerging out of a fire-breathing dragon-themed fountain. His last name is based on the word \"\"skeleton\"\". He has a ghost dog named Zero for a pet, who has a small glowing nose that looks like a jack-o'-lantern. He is adored by Sally, a rag doll created by Dr. Finklestein. The character is a popular design on bags, hats, clothing, umbrellas, belt buckles, pet collars and other items. Jack Skellington is the patron spirit of Halloween, portrayed as being on par with Santa Claus and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13514521", "chunk_text": "\"Tim Burton\"\nTim Burton Timothy Walter Burton (born August 25, 1958) is an American film director, producer, artist, writer, and animator. He is known for his dark, gothic, and eccentric horror and fantasy films such as \"\"Beetlejuice\"\" (1988), \"\"Edward Scissorhands\"\" (1990), \"\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\" (1993), \"\"Ed Wood\"\" (1994), \"\"Sleepy Hollow\"\" (1999), \"\"Corpse Bride\"\" (2005), \"\"\"\" (2007), \"\"Dark Shadows\"\" (2012), and \"\"Frankenweenie\"\" (2012). He is also known for blockbusters such as the adventure comedy \"\"Pee-wee's Big Adventure\"\" (1985), the superhero films \"\"Batman\"\" (1989) and its first sequel \"\"Batman Returns\"\" (1992), the sci-fi film \"\"Planet of the Apes\"\" (2001), the fantasy drama \"\"Big", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19687437", "chunk_text": "\"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (franchise)\"\nRoss, Rob Minkoff, Martin Scorsese and Tom Shadyac had been involved, while Warner Bros. either considered or discussed the role of Willy Wonka with Nicolas Cage, Jim Carrey, Michael Keaton, Brad Pitt, Will Smith and Adam Sandler. Burton immediately brought regular collaborators Johnny Depp and Danny Elfman aboard. \"\"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\"\" represents the first time since \"\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\" that Elfman contributed to the film score using written songs and his vocals. Filming took place from June to December 2004 at Pinewood Studios in the United Kingdom, where Burton avoided using digital effects as much as possible.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17427394", "chunk_text": "\"Jack Skellington\"\nIn the \"\"Disney Infinity\"\" video game series, Jack appears as part of the second wave of playable characters. Two of the possible names of the Skeleton Merchant NPC are \"\"Jack \"\" and \"\"Skellington\"\". Also, two of the paintings in the game are titled \"\"Skellington J. Skellingsworth\"\" and \"\"Jacking Skeletron\"\". Jack appears as a meetable character at several Walt Disney Parks and Resorts including Disneyland, Hong Kong Disneyland, Disneyland Paris and Walt Disney World. At Disneyland during the holidays, Haunted Mansion is taken over by the cast of \"\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\" and is turned into Haunted Mansion Holiday. Jack and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15365340", "chunk_text": "\"Henric de la Cour\"\non electronica star Andreas Tilliander's album \"\"Show\"\". Then he lent his voice to Fireside member Per Nordmarks solo project 'Bad Hands'. He worked as a DJ and also played the part of Jack Skellington when \"\"A Nightmare Before Christmas\"\" was turned into a live musical. He released his self-titled debut album Henric de la Cour, released in Scandinavia on 19 October 2011 and rest of the world on 28 October 2011. He is appearing as the focus of a new documentary by Jacob Frössén be shown on the Swedish National Television SVT. Henric de la Cour Henric de la Cour", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2650609", "chunk_text": "\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\nNightmare Before Christmas\"\", drawing inspiration from television specials of \"\"Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer\"\", \"\"How the Grinch Stole Christmas!\"\" and the poem \"\"A Visit from St. Nicholas\"\". Burton intended to adapt the poem into a television special with the narration spoken by his favorite actor, Vincent Price, but also considered other options such as a children's book. He created concept art and storyboards for the project in collaboration with Rick Heinrichs, who also sculpted character models; Burton later showed his and Heinrichs' works-in-progress to Henry Selick, also a Disney animator at the time. After the success of \"\"Vincent\"\" in 1982, Disney", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3171965", "chunk_text": "\"Danny Elfman\"\nthrilling experiences of his life. Elfman immediately developed a rapport with Burton and has gone on to score all but three of Burton's major studio releases: \"\"Ed Wood\"\", which was under production while Elfman and Burton were having a serious disagreement, \"\"\"\" and, most recently, \"\"Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children\"\". Elfman also provided the singing voice for Jack Skellington in Tim Burton's \"\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\" and the voices of both Barrel and the \"\"Clown with the Tear-Away Face\"\". In 1990, Elfman composed the iconic orchestra piece, \"\"Ice Dance\"\", for the Tim Burton film \"\"Edward Scissorhands\"\". Years later he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13100280", "chunk_text": "\"Renato Zero\"\nRenato Zero participated in the Sanremo Music Festival with the song \"\"Spalle al muro\"\", and from that moment on his career began to rise again. In 1993 he ranked #1 on the Italian charts with the LP \"\"Quando non sei più nessuno\"\". The following year \"\"L'imperfetto\"\" repeated this success. His concerts would regularly sell out, and he returned to his famous dress changes, although in a more balanced style. In the mid-1990s Zero dubbed the character of Jack Skellington and sang the songs in the Italian release of Tim Burton's motion picture \"\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\". In 1999, he sang", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16415695", "chunk_text": "\"Jack DeLeon\"\nJack DeLeon Jack DeLeon (December 19, 1924 – October 16, 2006) was an American actor. He is best known for playing Marty Morrison on the television series \"\"Barney Miller\"\" from 1975 to 1982. In 1972, he appeared in an episode of \"\"Emergency!\"\" (\"\"Show Biz\"\") as Billy Zimmer from an advertising agency. His film credits included \"\"Linda Lovelace for President\"\" (1975), \"\"I Wonder Who's Killing Her Now?\"\" (1975), \"\"The Choirboys\"\" (1977) and \"\"Little Miss Marker\"\" (1980), and he voiced Sergeant Samuel McPherson in the 1977 Dr. Seuss animated television special \"\"Halloween Is Grinch Night\"\". He was also known for the voice", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19653136", "chunk_text": "\"Silvio Spaccesi\"\n\"\"Star Wars\"\" original trilogy and Santa Claus in \"\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\". He was also the Italian voice of Orville in the 1977 Disney film \"\"The Rescuers\"\" and the second voice of Barney Rubble in \"\"The Flintstones\"\". Spaccesi often dubbed actors such as Gustav Knuth, Charles Durning, Frank Oz and Jack Warden in a select number of their films. Spaccesi passed away in Rome on June 2nd 2015 at the age of 88 just a few days after the death of his partner Rosaura Marchi. Silvio Spaccesi Silvio Spaccesi (August 1, 1926 – June 2, 2015) was an Italian actor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "956521", "chunk_text": "\"Kevin Smith's unrealized projects\"\nthe 2002 \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" remake. In April 2014, Smith announced the Christmas-themed horror movie \"\"Anti-Claus\"\", with a script based on the episode \"\"\"\"The Christmas Special\"\"\"\" of his \"\"Edumacation\"\" podcast. The script was co-written by his \"\"Edumacation\"\" co-host Andrew McElfresh, marking it the first script Smith collaborated on with another writer. Filming was initially scheduled for September 2014, with \"\"Tusk\"\" actors Justin Long, Michael Parks and Haley Joel Osment returning as cast. The movie centered around the European folklore figure Krampus, a devil-esque creature who punishes naughty children. The film was cancelled due to the release of the 2015 film \"\"Krampus\"\", which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19184544", "chunk_text": "\"Wishmaster (film)\"\nbe released. \"\"Wishmaster\"\" is notable for featuring many actors from popular horror films. Robert Englund, who was Freddy Krueger in the \"\"Nightmare on Elm Street\"\" series, played an antique collector and Kane Hodder, who played Jason Voorhees in the \"\"Friday the 13th\"\" series, played a security guard. Also in the film were Tony Todd from \"\"Candyman\"\", Ted Raimi from \"\"Candyman\"\", \"\"Darkman\"\", \"\"Evil Dead II\"\" and \"\"Army of Darkness\"\", Ricco Ross from \"\"Aliens\"\", Joseph Pilato from \"\"Day of the Dead\"\", Reggie Bannister and the voice of Angus Scrimm (both of the \"\"Phantasm\"\" films), Jenny O'Hara from the later \"\"Devil\"\", Jack Lemmon's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2330598", "chunk_text": "\"Rick Heinrichs\"\nRick Heinrichs Richard Heinrichs is an American production designer, effects artist, art director and film producer. He is well known for his work on the \"\"Pirates of the Caribbean\"\" series, Ang Lee's \"\"Hulk\"\" and \"\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\". He started his career on visual effects on the other world sequence in \"\"The Watcher in the Woods\"\", Tim Burton's \"\"Hansel and Gretel\"\" and \"\"Vincent\"\" to later work on \"\"Alfred Hitchcock Presents\"\" and \"\"\"\". He also worked on \"\"Frankenweenie\"\". He also contributed conceptional designs for Tim Burton's failed \"\"Superman Lives\"\" project. Graduated from the California Institute of the Arts (in Valencia, California),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17620378", "chunk_text": "\"Ed Asner\"\nEd Asner Yitzhak Edward Asner (; born November 15, 1929) is an American actor, voice actor and a former president of the Screen Actors Guild. He is primarily known for his role as Lou Grant during the 1970s and early 1980s, on both \"\"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\"\" and its spin-off series \"\"Lou Grant\"\", making him one of the few television actors to portray the same leading character in both a comedy and a drama. He played John Wayne's adversary Bart Jason in the 1966 Western \"\"El Dorado\"\". He is also known for portraying Santa Claus in the comedy film", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9370526", "chunk_text": "\"Krampus (film)\"\nKrampus (film) Krampus is a 2015 American dark fantasy comedy horror film based on the eponymous character from Austro-Bavarian folklore, written and directed by Michael Dougherty and co-written by Todd Casey and Zach Shields. The film stars Adam Scott, Toni Collette, David Koechner, Allison Tolman, Conchata Ferrell, Emjay Anthony, Stefania LaVie Owen, and . It was released in the United States by Universal Pictures on December 4, 2015. Three days before Christmas, the prosperous but dysfunctional Engel family come together for Christmas. Max remains a firm believer in Santa Claus, and intends on sending a letter to him. Amongst his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5315583", "chunk_text": "\"Henry Selick\"\nHenry Selick Charles Henry Selick (; born November 30, 1952) is an American stop motion director, producer and writer who is best known for directing the stop-motion animation films \"\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\" (1993), \"\"James and the Giant Peach\"\" (1996), and \"\"Coraline\"\" (2009). He studied at the Program in Experimental Animation at California Institute of the Arts, under the guidance of Jules Engel. Selick was born in Glen Ridge, New Jersey, the son of Melanie (née Molan) and Charles H. Selick. He was raised in Rumson. Selick did little but draw from ages 3 to 12. Selick's fascination with animation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2951477", "chunk_text": "\"Doug Bradley\"\nDracula), Robert Englund (who portrayed Freddy Krueger), Warwick Davis (who portrayed the Leprechaun), Brad Dourif (who portrayed Chucky) and Tobin Bell (who portrayed Jigsaw). Due to his eventual skill at application and removal of the Pinhead appliances and costume, he has been credited in some of the \"\"Hellraiser\"\" films as an assistant make-up artist named Bill Bradley, using his middle name. Bradley appeared as a gym teacher in an advertisement for Direct Line insurance in the UK. He has performed narrations on several songs by Cradle of Filth, an English extreme metal band. The first was 2000's \"\"Her Ghost in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8725257", "chunk_text": "\"Joe Unger\"\nJoe Unger Joseph Unger (born May 25, 1949) is an American actor who has starred in many films and on television. He is best known for his role in Wes Craven's 1984 horror hit film \"\"A Nightmare on Elm Street\"\" as Sgt. Garcia, and as one of Leatherface's brothers, the hook handed Tinker, who appears in \"\"\"\" (1990). Unger was born and raised in Lake County, Tennessee in the United States of America. His first feature movie was in the 1978 movie \"\"Go Tell the Spartans\"\". His other films include \"\"Escape from New York\"\" (1981), \"\"Mask\"\" (1985), \"\"Barfly\"\" (1987), \"\"Road", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2650615", "chunk_text": "\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\nand James Earl Jones were considered to provide the narration for the film's prologue; however, all proved difficult to cast, and the producers instead hired local voice artist, Ed Ivory. Patrick Stewart provided the prologue narration for the film's soundtrack. On the direction of the film, Selick reflected, \"\"It's as though he [Burton] laid the egg, and I sat on it and hatched it. He wasn't involved in a hands-on way, but his hand is in it. It was my job to make it look like 'a Tim Burton film', which is not so different from my own films.\"\" When", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18011015", "chunk_text": "\"Boris Karloff\"\nBoris Karloff William Henry Pratt (23 November 1887 – 2 February 1969), better known by his stage name Boris Karloff (), was an English actor who was primarily known for his roles in horror films. He portrayed Frankenstein's monster in \"\"Frankenstein\"\" (1931), \"\"Bride of Frankenstein\"\" (1935) and \"\"Son of Frankenstein\"\" (1939). He also appeared as Imhotep in \"\"The Mummy\"\" (1932). In non-horror roles, he is best known to modern audiences for narrating and as the voice of Grinch in the animated television special of Dr. Seuss' \"\"How the Grinch Stole Christmas!\"\" (1966). For his contribution to film and television, Boris", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12881559", "chunk_text": "\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\nJack Skellington, the Mayor, Oogie Boogie, and Doctor Finklestein. Each Starter Deck contains a rule book, a Pumpkin King card, a Pumpkin Points card, and a 48-card deck. The game has four card types: Characters, Locales, Creations, and Surprises. The Cards' rarities are separated into four categories: Common, Uncommon, Rare, Ultra Rare. Quixotic Games also developed \"\"The Nightmare Before Christmas Party Game\"\" that was released in 2007 by NECA. A collector's edition \"\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\"-themed Jenga game was issued with orange, purple and black blocks with Jack Skellington heads on them. The set comes in a coffin-shaped box instead", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4704981", "chunk_text": "\"Caroline Thompson\"\nCaroline Thompson Caroline Thompson (born April 23, 1956) is an American novelist, screenwriter, film director, and producer. She wrote the screenplays for Tim Burton's films \"\"Edward Scissorhands\"\", \"\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\", and \"\"Corpse Bride\"\". She co-wrote the story for \"\"Edward Scissorhands\"\" and recently co-adapted a new stage version of the film with director and choreographer Matthew Bourne. Thompson also adapted the screenplay for the film version of \"\"Wicked Lovely\"\", a bestselling fantasy series, in 2011, but the production was put into turnaround. Thompson was born in Washington, D.C., the daughter of Bettie Marshall (née Warner), a teacher, and Thomas Carlton", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "133473", "chunk_text": "\"Caroline Thompson\"\nCaroline Thompson Caroline Thompson (born April 23, 1956) is an American novelist, screenwriter, film director, and producer. She wrote the screenplays for Tim Burton's films \"\"Edward Scissorhands\"\", \"\"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"\", and \"\"Corpse Bride\"\". She co-wrote the story for \"\"Edward Scissorhands\"\" and recently co-adapted a new stage version of the film with director and choreographer Matthew Bourne. Thompson also adapted the screenplay for the film version of \"\"Wicked Lovely\"\", a bestselling fantasy series, in 2011, but the production was put into turnaround. Thompson was born in Washington, D.C., the daughter of Bettie Marshall (née Warner), a teacher, and Thomas Carlton", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_351	who was the head of the spanish inquisition?	n/a	[ "Grand Inquisitor", "Tomás de Torquemada", "Dominican Tomás de Torquemada" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4808011", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish Inquisition\"\nSpanish Inquisition The Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition (), commonly known as the Spanish Inquisition (\"\"Inquisición española\"\"), was established in 1478 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile. It was intended to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in their kingdoms and to replace the Medieval Inquisition, which was under Papal control. It became the most substantive of the three different manifestations of the wider Catholic Inquisition along with the Roman Inquisition and Portuguese Inquisition. The \"\"Spanish Inquisition\"\" may be defined broadly, operating in Spain and in all Spanish colonies and territories, which included the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15120244", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish Inquisition\"\nFrancisco Lopez Villalobos (Ferdinand's court physician), writers Juan del Enzina, Juan de Mena, Diego de Valera and Alonso de Palencia, and bankers Luis de Santangel and Gabriel Sanchez (who financed the voyage of Christopher Columbus) were all \"\"conversos\"\". \"\"Conversos\"\" – not without opposition – managed to attain high positions in the ecclesiastical hierarchy, at times becoming severe detractors of Judaism. Some even received titles of nobility, and as a result, during the following century some works attempted to demonstrate that virtually all of the nobles of Spain were descended from Israelites. According to this hypothesis, the Inquisition was created to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11342502", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish Inquisition\"\nwith the Dominican Friar Tomás de Torquemada acting as its president, even though Sixtus IV protested the activities of the inquisition in Aragon and its treatment of the \"\"conversos\"\". Torquemada eventually assumed the title of Inquisitor-General. Thomas F. Madden describes the world that formed medieval politics: \"\"The Inquisition was not born out of desire to crush diversity or oppress people; it was rather an attempt to stop unjust executions. Yes, you read that correctly. Heresy was a crime against the state. Roman law in the Code of Justinian made it a capital offense. Rulers, whose authority was believed to come", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6542457", "chunk_text": "\"Tomás de Torquemada\"\nTomás de Torquemada Tomás de Torquemada (October 14, 1420 – September 16, 1498) was a Castilian Dominican friar and first Grand Inquisitor in Spain's movement to homogenize religious practices with those of the Catholic Church in the late 15th century, otherwise known as the Spanish Inquisition, which resulted in the expulsion from Spain of thousands of people of Jewish and Muslim faith and heritage and the execution of 3,000 to 5,000 people. Mainly because of persecution, Muslims and Jews in Spain at that time found it socially, politically, and economically expedient to convert to Catholicism (see \"\"Converso\"\", Morisco, and Marrano).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4808013", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish Inquisition\"\nInquisition was not definitively abolished until 1834, during the reign of Isabella II, after a period of declining influence in the preceding century. The Spanish Inquisition is often cited in popular literature and history as an example of religious intolerance and repression. However, some historians have come to conclude that many of the charges levied against the Inquisition are exaggerated, and are a result of the Black Legend produced by political and religious enemies of Spain, especially England. The Inquisition was created through papal bull, \"\"Ad Abolendam\"\", issued at the end of the 12th century by Pope Lucius III to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19963689", "chunk_text": "\"Vidal Marín del Campo\"\nVidal Marín del Campo Vidal Marín del Campo (22 February 1653 – 10 March 1709) was a Spanish bishop who was Grand Inquisitor of Spain from 1705 to 1709. Vidal Marín del Campo was born in Mora, Spain in the middle of the seventeenth century. He served as master of Santo Domingo de la Calzada and then as Inquisitor of Salamanca before being named Bishop of Ceuta in 1694. In 1705, Philip V of Spain named him Grand Inquisitor of Spain, the head of the Spanish Inquisition. He died in 1709, and was initially buried in Madrid. His remains were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8815311", "chunk_text": "\"Diego Deza\"\nDiego Deza Diego de Deza (1444 – 9 June 1523) was a theologian and inquisitor of Spain. He was one of the more notable figures in the Spanish Inquisition, and succeeded Tomás de Torquemada to the post of Grand Inquisitor. Deza was born in Toro, Zamora and entered the Dominican Order at a young age. He held a number of ecclesiastical posts, and also tutored Prince Juan de Aragón y Castilla, also known as John, Prince of Asturias, the only surviving son of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella. He was fundamental in granting navigator Christopher Columbus access to Queen Isabella", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11235299", "chunk_text": "Inquisition\nwere referred to as \"\"conversos\"\" or \"\"New Christians\"\". King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile established the Spanish Inquisition in 1478. In contrast to the previous inquisitions, it operated completely under royal Christian authority, though staffed by clergy and orders, and independently of the Holy See. It operated in Spain and in all Spanish colonies and territories, which included the Canary Islands, the Spanish Netherlands, the Kingdom of Naples, and all Spanish possessions in North, Central, and South America. It primarily targeted forced converts from Islam (Moriscos, Conversos and \"\"secret Moors\"\") and from Judaism (Conversos, Crypto-Jews", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11342535", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish Inquisition\"\nor another. Among the Spanish authors included in the Index are Bartolomé Torres Naharro, Juan del Enzina, Jorge de Montemayor, Juan de Valdés and Lope de Vega, as well as the anonymous \"\"Lazarillo de Tormes\"\" and the \"\"Cancionero General\"\" by Hernando del Castillo. \"\"La Celestina\"\", which was not included in the Indexes of the 16th century, was expurgated in 1632 and prohibited in its entirety in 1790. Among the non-Spanish authors prohibited were Ovid, Dante, Rabelais, Ariosto, Machiavelli, Erasmus, Jean Bodin, Valentine Naibod and Thomas More (known in Spain as Tomás Moro). One of the most outstanding and best-known cases", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6542462", "chunk_text": "\"Tomás de Torquemada\"\nThe Pope went on to appoint a number of inquisitors for the Spanish Kingdoms in early 1482, including Torquemada. A year later he was named Grand Inquisitor of Spain, which he remained until his death in 1498. In the fifteen years under his direction, the Spanish Inquisition grew from the single tribunal at Seville to a network of two dozen Holy Offices. As Grand Inquisitor, Torquemada reorganized the Spanish Inquisition (originally based in Castile in 1478), establishing tribunals in Sevilla, Jaén, Córdoba, Ciudad Real, and (later) Saragossa. His quest was to rid Spain of all heresy. The Spanish chronicler, Sebastián", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6542466", "chunk_text": "\"Tomás de Torquemada\"\nSeptember 16, 1498, and was interred there. His tomb was ransacked in 1832—only two years before the Inquisition was finally disbanded. His bones were allegedly stolen and ritually incinerated as though an \"\"auto-da-fé\"\" took place. Tomás de Torquemada Tomás de Torquemada (October 14, 1420 – September 16, 1498) was a Castilian Dominican friar and first Grand Inquisitor in Spain's movement to homogenize religious practices with those of the Catholic Church in the late 15th century, otherwise known as the Spanish Inquisition, which resulted in the expulsion from Spain of thousands of people of Jewish and Muslim faith and heritage and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12588648", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish Inquisition\"\nthe \"\"auto-da-fé\"\", though in the minds and experiences of observers and those undergoing the confession and execution, the separation of the two might be experienced as merely a technicality. The first recorded \"\"auto-da-fé\"\" was held in Paris in 1242, during the reign of Louis IX. The first Spanish \"\"auto-da-fé\"\" did not take place until 1481 in Seville; six of the men and women subjected to this first religious ritual were later executed. The Inquisition had limited power in Portugal, having been established in 1536 and officially lasting until 1821, although its influence was much weakened with the government of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19963690", "chunk_text": "\"Vidal Marín del Campo\"\ntransferred to Ceuta in 1714. Vidal Marín del Campo Vidal Marín del Campo (22 February 1653 – 10 March 1709) was a Spanish bishop who was Grand Inquisitor of Spain from 1705 to 1709. Vidal Marín del Campo was born in Mora, Spain in the middle of the seventeenth century. He served as master of Santo Domingo de la Calzada and then as Inquisitor of Salamanca before being named Bishop of Ceuta in 1694. In 1705, Philip V of Spain named him Grand Inquisitor of Spain, the head of the Spanish Inquisition. He died in 1709, and was initially buried", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11342505", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish Inquisition\"\nJewish People\"\", In 1483, Jews were expelled from all of Andalusia. Though the pope wanted to crack down on abuses, Ferdinand pressured him to promulgate a new bull, threatening that he would otherwise separate the Inquisition from Church authority. Sixtus did so on 17 October 1483, naming Tomás de Torquemada Inquisidor General of Aragón, Valencia, and Catalonia. Torquemada quickly established procedures for the Inquisition. A new court would be announced with a thirty-day grace period for confessions and the gathering of accusations by neighbors. Evidence that was used to identify a crypto-Jew included the absence of chimney smoke on Saturdays", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14228618", "chunk_text": "\"Diego Deza\"\nestablishment within the Seville Regiments, being visited frequently by the wife of a High Military local boss, aroused an interest in the empty tombstone sarcophagus. She thought it would be useful to set up a bath to look after her beauty. While bishop, he was the principal consecrator of: and the principal co-consecrator of: Diego Deza Diego de Deza (1444 – 9 June 1523) was a theologian and inquisitor of Spain. He was one of the more notable figures in the Spanish Inquisition, and succeeded Tomás de Torquemada to the post of Grand Inquisitor. Deza was born in Toro, Zamora", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17719281", "chunk_text": "\"Baltasar de Mendoza y Sandoval\"\nBaltasar de Mendoza y Sandoval Baltasar de Mendoza y Sandoval (1653 – 1727) was a Spanish bishop who headed the Spanish Inquisition from 1699 to 1704. Baltasar de Mendoza y Sandoval was born in Madrid in 1653. In 1673, he became chaplain of the \"\"Colegio de San Bartolomé\"\" at the University of Salamanca. He became an \"\"oidor\"\" in Granada in 1679. In 1681, Charles II of Spain awarded him the Order of Calatrava and appointed him to the \"\"Consejo de Órdenes\"\". Mendoza became Bishop of Segovia in 1699, also becoming Grand Inquisitor of Spain at the same time. Following the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11342504", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish Inquisition\"\nin their kingdoms. The first two inquisitors, Miguel de Morillo and Juan de San Martín, were not named, however, until two years later, on 27 September 1480 in Medina del Campo. The first \"\"auto-da-fé\"\" was held in Seville on 6 February 1481: six people were burned alive. From there, the Inquisition grew rapidly in the Kingdom of Castile. By 1492, tribunals existed in eight Castilian cities: Ávila, Córdoba, Jaén, Medina del Campo, Segovia, Sigüenza, Toledo, and Valladolid. Sixtus IV promulgated a new bull categorically prohibiting the Inquisition's extension to Aragón, affirming that: According to the book \"\"A History of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14984413", "chunk_text": "Inquisition\nit thus became the supervisory body of local Inquisitions. Arguably the most famous case tried by the Roman Inquisition was that of Galileo Galilei in 1633. The penances and sentences for those who confessed or were found guilty were pronounced together in a public ceremony at the end of all the processes. This was the \"\"sermo generalis\"\" or \"\"auto-da-fé\"\". Penances (not matters for the civil authorities) might consist of a pilgrimage, a public scourging, a fine, or the wearing of a cross. The wearing of two tongues of red or other brightly colored cloth, sewn onto an outer garment in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "503860", "chunk_text": "\"Historical revision of the Inquisition\"\nHistorical revision of the Inquisition The Historical revision of the Inquisition is a historiographical process that started to emerge in the 1970s, with the opening of formerly closed archives, the development of new historical methodologies, and, in Spain, the death of the ruling dictator Francisco Franco in 1975. New works of historical revisionism changed our knowledge of the history of the Roman and Spanish Inquisitions. Writers associated with this project share the view of Edward Peters, a prominent historian in the field, who states: \"\"The Inquisition was an image assembled from a body of legends and myths which, between the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4809592", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish Inquisition\"\nnot formally re-established, although, \"\"de facto\"\", it returned under the so-called Congregation of the Meetings of Faith, tolerated in the dioceses by King Ferdinand. On 26 July 1826 the \"\"Meetings of Faith\"\" Congregation condemned and executed the school teacher Cayetano Ripoll, who thus became the last person known to be executed by the Inquisition. On that day, Ripoll was hanged in Valencia, for having taught deist principles. This execution occurred against the backdrop of a European-wide scandal concerning the despotic attitudes still prevailing in Spain. Finally, on 15 July 1834, the Spanish Inquisition was definitively abolished by a Royal Decree", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20267692", "chunk_text": "\"Antonio Ibáñez de la Riva Herrera\"\nhe held that post until 1692. He served as Viceroy and Captain General of the Kingdom of Aragon, the first from 1693 to 1696. He held a synod in Zaragoza in 1697. With the outbreak of the War of the Spanish Succession in 1701, he again served as Viceroy and Captain General of Aragon; under his leadership, Aragon remained loyal to Philip V of Spain. As Grand Inquisitor of Spain, he headed the Spanish Inquisition from 1709 to 1710. He died in Madrid in 1710. In 1780, his remains were transferred to La Seo Cathedral in Zaragoza. Antonio Ibáñez de", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3337385", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish Inquisition\"\nagainst French invasion. But the Inquisition was reconstituted when Ferdinand VII recovered the throne on 1 July 1814. Juan Antonio Llorente, who had been the Inquisition's general secretary in 1789, became a Bonapartist and published a critical history in 1817 from his French exile, based on his privileged access to its archives. Possibly as a result of Llorente's criticisms, the Inquisition was once again temporarily abolished during the three-year Liberal interlude known as the Trienio liberal, but still the old system had not yet had its last gasp. Later, during the period known as the Ominous Decade, the Inquisition was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3337312", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish Inquisition\"\namong Andalusian \"\"conversos\"\" during her stay in Seville between 1477 and 1478. A report, produced by Pedro González de Mendoza, Archbishop of Seville, and by the Segovian Dominican Tomás de Torquemada, corroborated this assertion. Spanish monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella requested a papal bull establishing an inquisition in Spain in 1478 in response to the \"\"conversos\"\" returning to the practice of Judaism. Pope Sixtus IV granted a bull permitting the monarchs to select and appoint two or three priests over forty years of age to act as inquisitors. In 1483, Ferdinand and Isabella established a state council to administer the inquisition", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19149508", "chunk_text": "\"Francisco Pérez de Prado y Cuesta\"\nFrancisco Pérez de Prado y Cuesta Francisco Pérez de Prado y Cuesta (1677–1755) was Bishop of Teruel from 1732 to 1755 and Grand Inquisitor of Spain from 1746 to 1755. Francisco Pérez de Prado y Cuesta was born in Aranda de Duero on December 8, 1677. He was appointed Bishop of Teruel on August 14, 1732 and consecrated as a bishop on December 7, 1732. On July 26, 1746, Ferdinand VI of Spain appointed him Grand Inquisitor of Spain (and thus head of the Spanish Inquisition), and he received his commission on August 22, 1746. He died on July 9,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11342549", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish Inquisition\"\nthe crown. The Inquisitor General was the only public office whose authority stretched to all the kingdoms of Spain (including the American viceroyalties), except for a brief period (1507–1518) during which there were two Inquisitors General, one in the kingdom of Castile, and the other in Aragon. The Inquisitor General presided over the Council of the Supreme and General Inquisition (generally abbreviated as \"\"Council of the Suprema\"\"), created in 1483, which was made up of six members named directly by the crown (the number of members of the Suprema varied over the course of the Inquisition's history, but it was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11509313", "chunk_text": "\"Roman Inquisition\"\nRoman Inquisition The Roman Inquisition, formally the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition, was a system of tribunals developed by the Holy See of the Roman Catholic Church, during the second half of the 16th century, responsible for prosecuting individuals accused of a wide array of crimes relating to religious doctrine or alternate religious doctrine or alternate religious beliefs. In the period after the Medieval Inquisition, it was one of three different manifestations of the wider Catholic Inquisition along with the Spanish Inquisition and Portuguese Inquisition. Like other iterations of the Inquisition, the Roman Inquisition was responsible", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17719283", "chunk_text": "\"Baltasar de Mendoza y Sandoval\"\nduties as Bishop of Segovia. He died in Segovia on November 4, 1727. Baltasar de Mendoza y Sandoval Baltasar de Mendoza y Sandoval (1653 – 1727) was a Spanish bishop who headed the Spanish Inquisition from 1699 to 1704. Baltasar de Mendoza y Sandoval was born in Madrid in 1653. In 1673, he became chaplain of the \"\"Colegio de San Bartolomé\"\" at the University of Salamanca. He became an \"\"oidor\"\" in Granada in 1679. In 1681, Charles II of Spain awarded him the Order of Calatrava and appointed him to the \"\"Consejo de Órdenes\"\". Mendoza became Bishop of Segovia in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11342578", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish Inquisition\"\nof the fears that the French Revolution provoked, several events accelerated the decline of the Inquisition. The state stopped being a mere social organizer and began to worry about the well-being of the public. As a result, the land-holding power of the Church was reconsidered, in the \"\"señoríos\"\" and more generally in the accumulated wealth that had prevented social progress. The power of the throne increased, under which Enlightenment thinkers found better protection for their ideas. Manuel Godoy and Antonio Alcalá Galiano were openly hostile to an institution whose only role had been reduced to censorship and was the very", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9251198", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish Inquisition\"\nor sodomy was expected to be associated to heresy and false conversions. Which accusation started the investigation isn't always clear. Finally, trials were often further complicated by the attempts of witnesses or victims to add further charges, especially witchcraft. Like in the case of Eleno de Céspedes, charges for witchcraft done in this way, or in general, were quickly dismissed but they often show in the statistics as investigations made. Beyond its role in religious affairs, the Inquisition was also an institution at the service of the monarchy. The Inquisitor General, in charge of the Holy Office, was designated by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19149509", "chunk_text": "\"Francisco Pérez de Prado y Cuesta\"\n1755. Francisco Pérez de Prado y Cuesta Francisco Pérez de Prado y Cuesta (1677–1755) was Bishop of Teruel from 1732 to 1755 and Grand Inquisitor of Spain from 1746 to 1755. Francisco Pérez de Prado y Cuesta was born in Aranda de Duero on December 8, 1677. He was appointed Bishop of Teruel on August 14, 1732 and consecrated as a bishop on December 7, 1732. On July 26, 1746, Ferdinand VI of Spain appointed him Grand Inquisitor of Spain (and thus head of the Spanish Inquisition), and he received his commission on August 22, 1746. He died on July", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19760169", "chunk_text": "\"The Inquisition Tribunal\"\nThe Inquisition Tribunal The Inquisition Tribunal, also known as The Court of the Inquisition or The Inquisition Scene (\"\"Spanish\"\": \"\"Escena de Inquisición\"\"), is an 18x29 inch oil-on-panel painting produced by the Spanish artist Francisco Goya between 1812 and 1819. The painting belongs to a series which also includes \"\"The Bullfight\"\", \"\"The Madhouse\"\" and \"\"A Procession of Flagellants\"\", all reflecting customs which liberals (of whom Goya was then one) objected to and wished were abandoned, but their reform was opposed by the absolutist policy of Ferdinand VII of Spain. The work was owned by Manuel García de la Prada and is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10168626", "chunk_text": "\"Historical revision of the Inquisition\"\nFrance, was at some time hostile to Spain.\"\" Contemporary political scientist Niccolò Machiavelli (in The Prince) suggested that King Ferdinand of Spain (who originated the Spanish Inquisition) used religion to his political and financial advantage. Italians under Spanish rule repeatedly revolted against the imposition of a Spanish Inquisition (such as revolts in Naples in 1547). Unpaid Spanish and Germanic mercenaries of the King of Spain (Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor) sacked Rome ten years after Luther posted his theses, besieging the Pope and ending Rome's pre-eminence in the Renaissance. Italian diplomats expressed a low opinion of the Spanish and their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10423698", "chunk_text": "\"Nicholas Eymerich\"\nbook series on Eymeric, which is an adaptation of Evangelisti's novels. Eymerich is also one of the main antagonists in the novel \"\"Cathedral of the Sea\"\" by Ildefonso Falcones. Nicholas Eymerich Nicholas Eymerich () (Girona, \"\"c.\"\" 1316 – Girona, 4 January 1399) was a Roman Catholic theologian in Medieval Spain and Inquisitor General of the Inquisition in the Crown of Aragon in the later half of the 14th century. He is best known for authoring the \"\"Directorium Inquisitorum\"\", that mostly summarized previous texts and mores. Nicholas Eymerich was born in Girona c. 1316. He entered the local monastery of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11342530", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish Inquisition\"\nassociated with Islam, Judaism, Catharism, and heresy in general. It was seen as a symptom of them more than as a condition or peculiarity in itself. The Catholic Church has regarded Freemasonry as heretical since about 1738; the \"\"suspicion\"\" of Freemasonry was potentially a capital offense. Spanish Inquisition records reveal two prosecutions in Spain and only a few more throughout the Spanish Empire. In 1815, Francisco Javier de Mier y Campillo, the Inquisitor General of the Spanish Inquisition and the Bishop of Almería, suppressed Freemasonry and denounced the lodges as \"\"societies which lead to atheism, to sedition and to all", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15120273", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish Inquisition\"\nGranada, between 1560 and 1571, 82% of those accused were Moriscos, who were a vast majority of the Kingdom's population at the time. Still the Moriscos did not experience the same harshness as judaizing \"\"conversos\"\" and Protestants, and the number of capital punishments was proportionally less. In 1609, King Philip III, upon the advice of his financial adviser the Duke of Lerma and Archbishop of Valencia Juan de Ribera, decreed the Expulsion of the Moriscos. Hundreds of thousands of Moriscos were expelled, some of them probably sincere Christians. This was further fueled by the religious intolerance of Archbishop Ribera who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11342573", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish Inquisition\"\nMarquis of Pombal in the second half of the 18th century. \"\"Autos-da-fé\"\" also took place in Mexico, Brazil and Peru: contemporary historians of the Conquistadors such as Bernal Díaz del Castillo record them. They also took place in the Portuguese colony of Goa, India, following the establishment of Inquisition there in 1562–1563. The arrival of the Enlightenment in Spain slowed inquisitorial activity. In the first half of the 18th century, 111 were condemned to be burned in person, and 117 in effigy, most of them for judaizing. In the reign of Philip V, there were 125 \"\"autos-da-fé\"\", while in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3988439", "chunk_text": "\"Nicholas Eymerich\"\nNicholas Eymerich Nicholas Eymerich () (Girona, \"\"c.\"\" 1316 – Girona, 4 January 1399) was a Roman Catholic theologian in Medieval Spain and Inquisitor General of the Inquisition in the Crown of Aragon in the later half of the 14th century. He is best known for authoring the \"\"Directorium Inquisitorum\"\", that mostly summarized previous texts and mores. Nicholas Eymerich was born in Girona c. 1316. He entered the local monastery of the Dominican Order on 4 August 1334. Here, during his novitiate he was instructed in theology by the friar Dalmau Moner. In order to complete his studies, he went to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4809562", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish Inquisition\"\nnever more than 10). Over time, the authority of the Suprema grew at the expense of the power of the Inquisitor General. The Suprema met every morning, except for holidays, and for two hours in the afternoon on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays. The morning sessions were devoted to questions of faith, while the afternoons were reserved for \"\"minor heresies\"\" cases of perceived unacceptable sexual behavior, bigamy, witchcraft, etc. Below the Suprema were the various tribunals of the Inquisition, which were originally itinerant, installing themselves where they were necessary to combat heresy, but later being established in fixed locations. During the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4809586", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish Inquisition\"\nreigns of Charles III and Charles IV only 44. During the 18th century, the Inquisition changed: Enlightenment ideas were the closest threat that had to be fought. The main figures of the Spanish Enlightenment were in favour of the abolition of the Inquisition, and many were processed by the Holy Office, among them Olavide, in 1776; Iriarte, in 1779; and Jovellanos, in 1796; Jovellanos sent a report to Charles IV in which he indicated the inefficiency of the Inquisition's courts and the ignorance of those who operated them: \"\"friars who take [the position] only to obtain gossip and exemption from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1052408", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Catholic Church in Spain\"\nthe Spanish Inquisition was established in 1478 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile, to complete the religious purification of the Iberian Peninsula. It was intended to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in their kingdoms, and to replace the medieval inquisition which had been under papal control. The new body was under the direct control of the Spanish monarchy. The Inquisition, as an ecclesiastical tribunal, had jurisdiction only over baptized Christians, some of whom also practised other forms of faith and at the time were considered heretics according to the Catholic Church and recently formed kingdoms at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20781779", "chunk_text": "\"Jean-Pierre Dedieu\"\nhe is \"\"directeur de recherches\"\" at the LARHRA - CNRS UMR 5190 in Lyon. Within the LARHRA he has founded and directed the Pôle \"\"Méthodes\"\" initiative. Jean-Pierre Dedieu Jean-Pierre Dedieu (born 8 August 1948, in Prat-Bonrepaux) is a French historian, specialist of the history of Spain. He is known especially for his studies about the Spanish Inquisition. He has been director of the Maison des Pays Ibériques in Bordeaux and member of the scientific board of the Casa de Velázquez in Madrid. More recently he has studied the political system of the Spanish monarchy in the 18th and 19th centuries.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11671591", "chunk_text": "\"Alhambra Decree\"\nto the monarchs. The king and queen issued the Alhambra Decree less than three months after the surrender of Granada. Although Isabella was the force behind the decision, her husband Fernando did not oppose it, and both proved skillful at exploiting the hopes of the desperate Jewish population for monetary gain. That her confessor had just changed from the tolerant Hernando de Talavera to the very intolerant Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros suggests an increase in royal hostility towards the Jews. The most powerful proponent of the decision however, was Torquemada, the priest in charge of the Spanish Inquisition. The text", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9846601", "chunk_text": "\"Antonio Puigblanch\"\nAntonio Puigblanch Antoni Puig i Blanch (, also known as Antoni Puigblanch) (Mataró, Spain 1775 - Somers Town, London 1840) was a Spanish philologist and politician. He was living in London during 1815-1820 and 1823-1840. There he published \"\"The Inquisition unmasked\"\" (1816), translation of the book that had caused his exile from Spain. Puigblanch was born in Mataró (Barcelona, Spain) on February 3, 1775; son of Antoni Puig Bunyol and Cecília Blanch. Being a child he studied in the School of Santa Ana of the Escolapios (Mataró). Later, he was in the carthusian monastery of Montalegre, but for a short", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16104440", "chunk_text": "\"Palace of the Inquisition\"\narrived in 1526 and proceeded to build a monastery in the area occupied by both the current Palace and the Church of Santo Domingo. The first official Inquisitor for the colony, Pedro Moya de Contreras, worked in the section of the monastery where the later, 18th century Palace would be built. The Inquisition was officially established here due to a 1566 conspiracy led by Martin Cortes, son of Hernán Cortés, threatened to make the new colony independent of Spain. The plot was denounced by Baltazar de Aguilar Cervantes and Inquisition trials of various Creoles began. The accused were subject to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9248832", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish Inquisition\"\nInquisition, and the kingdom´s general willingness to accept the heretics that came in seeking refuge from prosecution in France. There are several hypotheses of what prompted the creation of the tribunal after centuries of outstanding tolerance (within the context of medieval Europe). The truth is probably a combination of varieties of them. The Spanish Inquisition (Inquisición Española) can be interpreted as a response to the multi-religious nature of Spanish society following the reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from the Muslim Moors. After invading in 711, large areas of the Iberian Peninsula were ruled by Muslims until 1250, when they were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6542465", "chunk_text": "\"Tomás de Torquemada\"\nestimates of the number of victims of the Spanish Inquisition during Torquemada's reign as Grand Inquisitor. It is thought unlikely that there were more than 2,000 executed for heresy. Hernando del Pulgar, Queen Isabella's secretary, wrote that 2,000 executions took place throughout the entirety of her reign, which extended well beyond Torquemada's death. During his final years, Torquemada's failing health, coupled with widespread complaints, caused Pope Alexander VI to appoint four assistant inquisitors in June 1494 to restrain the Spanish Inquisition. After fifteen years as Spain's Grand Inquisitor, Torquemada died in the monastery of St. Thomas Aquinas in Ávila on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3279816", "chunk_text": "Inquisition\nestablishing inquisitions (the Episcopal Inquisition). The first Inquisition was temporarily established in Languedoc (south of France) in 1184. The murder of Pope Innocent's papal legate Pierre de Castelnau in 1208 sparked the Albigensian Crusade (1209–1229). The Inquisition was permanently established in 1229, run largely by the Dominicans in Rome and later at Carcassonne in Languedoc. Historians use the term \"\"Medieval Inquisition\"\" to describe the various inquisitions that started around 1184, including the Episcopal Inquisition (1184–1230s) and later the Papal Inquisition (1230s). These inquisitions responded to large popular movements throughout Europe considered apostate or heretical to Christianity, in particular the Cathars", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15120345", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish Inquisition\"\nagainst the predominant view were automatically dismissed. The 19th-century professional historians, including the Spanish scholar Amador de los Ríos, were the first to successfully challenge this perception in the international sphere and get foreign scholars to make eco of their discoveries. Said scholars would obtain international recognition and start a period of revision on the Black Legend of the Spanish Inquisition. At the start of the 20th century Henry Charles Lea published the groundbreaking \"\"History of the Inquisition in Spain\"\". This influential work describes the Spanish Inquisition as \"\"an engine of immense power, constantly applied for the furtherance of obscurantism,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20837538", "chunk_text": "\"Black Legend of the Spanish Inquisition\"\nthe Inquisition had greater authority than the King. Francesco Guicciardini, Florentine ambassador at the court of Charles I, stated that Spaniards were \"\"in appearance religious, but not in reality\"\", almost the same words by Tiepolo in 1536. In general, Italians considered the Inquisition as a necessary evil for the Spaniards, whose religion was questionable if not false, after centuries of mixing with Jews and moriscos. In fact, after 1492, the word marrano became synonymous with Spaniard and Pope Alexander VI was called the \"\"circumcised marrano\"\". However, it was seen as an insulting insinuation to place an inquisition in Naples since", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18660985", "chunk_text": "\"Jean-Pierre Dedieu\"\nJean-Pierre Dedieu Jean-Pierre Dedieu (born 8 August 1948, in Prat-Bonrepaux) is a French historian, specialist of the history of Spain. He is known especially for his studies about the Spanish Inquisition. He has been director of the Maison des Pays Ibériques in Bordeaux and member of the scientific board of the Casa de Velázquez in Madrid. More recently he has studied the political system of the Spanish monarchy in the 18th and 19th centuries. Because of an interest in the application of informatics to historical research since the late 1980s, he has developed the \"\"Fichoz\"\" database system. Since January 2005,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_352	when did the movie peter pan come out?	n/a	[ "2003", "25 December 2003" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6583893", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan (1953 film)\"\ntheaters on February 5, 1953. It was then re-released theatrically in 1958, 1969, 1976, 1982, and 1989. The film also had a special limited re-release at the Philadelphia Film Festival in 2003. It also played a limited engagement in select Cinemark Theatres from February 16–18, 2013. \"\"Peter Pan\"\" was first released on North American VHS, LaserDisc, and Betamax in 1990 and UK VHS in 1993. A THX 45th anniversary limited edition of the film was then released on March 3, 1998, as part of the Walt Disney Masterpiece Collection. \"\"Peter Pan\"\" was released on VHS and DVD on November 23,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "666299", "chunk_text": "\"Pan (2015 film)\"\nPan (2015 film) Pan is a 2015 American fantasy film directed by Joe Wright and written by Jason Fuchs. The film serves as a prequel to \"\"Peter and Wendy\"\" from Scottish author J. M. Barrie, which was first staged in 1904, and focuses on an alternative origin story for Peter Pan and Captain Hook. It stars Levi Miller as the title character, along with Hugh Jackman, Garrett Hedlund, Rooney Mara, and Amanda Seyfried. \"\"Pan\"\"'s world premiere was held in London on September 20, 2015, and it was theatrically released in the United States on October 9, 2015, by Warner Bros.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6583877", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan (1953 film)\"\nof Disney's Nine Old Men worked together as directing animators. It is also the second Disney animated film starring Kathryn Beaumont, Heather Angel, and Bill Thompson after their roles in the animated feature \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\". The film was entered into the 1953 Cannes Film Festival. A sequel titled \"\"Return to Never Land\"\" was released in 2002, and a series of direct-to-DVD prequels produced by DisneyToon Studios focusing on Tinker Bell began in 2008. In London, circa 1900, George and Mary Darling's preparations to attend a party are disrupted by the antics of their boys, John and Michael, acting out", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18168792", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan (1924 film)\"\nfor Wendy, only to find that years have passed and that she is now a married woman with a daughter. Barrie selected Bronson for the role, and wrote additional scenes for the film, but Brenon stuck largely to the stageplay. \"\"Peter Pan\"\" was first released in the United States on 29 December 1924. The distributor was Paramount Pictures. In Germany, where the premiere took place in December 1925, the distributor was UFA. Since there was no national film archive in the United States and Paramount had no interest in a long-term distribution of the film – distributors held movies only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3808349", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan (1988 film)\"\nPeter Pan (1988 film) Peter Pan is an Australian 50-minute direct-to-video animated film from Burbank Films Australia. It was originally released in 1988. The film is based on J. M. Barrie's play, \"\"Peter Pan, or the Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up\"\", first produced in 1904, and was adapted by Paul Leadon. The film was produced by Roz Phillips and featured music composed by John Stuart. The copyright in this film is now owned by Pulse Distribution and Entertainment and administered by digital rights management firm NuTech Digital. Every night before going to sleep, the Darling children, Wendy, John, and Michael,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2279308", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan (1924 film)\"\nPeter Pan (1924 film) Peter Pan is a 1924 American silent adventure film released by Paramount Pictures, the first film adaptation of the play by J. M. Barrie. It was directed by Herbert Brenon and starred Betty Bronson as Peter Pan, Ernest Torrence as Captain Hook, Mary Brian as Wendy, and Virginia Browne Faire as Tinker Bell. Anna May Wong, a groundbreaking Chinese-American actress, played the Indian princess Tiger Lily. In the story, Peter Pan, a magical boy who refuses to grow up, brings the Darling children (Wendy, John, and Michael) from London to Neverland, where they have adventures that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17921074", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan (1953 film)\"\nPeter Pan (1953 film) Peter Pan is a 1953 American animated fantasy adventure film produced by Walt Disney and based on the play \"\"Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up\"\" by J. M. Barrie. It is the 14th Disney animated feature film and was originally released on February 5, 1953, by RKO Radio Pictures. \"\"Peter Pan\"\" is the final Disney animated feature released through RKO before Walt Disney's founding of his own distribution company, Buena Vista Distribution, later in 1953 after the film was released. \"\"Peter Pan\"\" is also the final Disney film in which all nine members", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10462551", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan (2003 film)\"\nPeter Pan (2003 film) Peter Pan is a 2003 fantasy adventure film released by Universal Pictures, Columbia Pictures, and Revolution Studios. It was the first authorised and faithful film or television adaptation of J.M. Barrie's play \"\"Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up\"\" in half a century, after Disney's version in 1953. P. J. Hogan directed a screenplay co-written with Michael Goldenberg which is based on the play and novel by J. M. Barrie. Jason Isaacs plays the dual roles of Captain Hook and George Darling, Olivia Williams plays Mrs. Darling, while Jeremy Sumpter plays Peter Pan, Rachel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10462553", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan (2003 film)\"\nfirst live-action theatrical release with a boy playing the part. The casting of a single actor to play both George Darling and Captain Hook follows a tradition also begun in the first staging of the play. \"\"Peter Pan\"\" received positive reviews from critics, but was a box office flop, grossing $48.5 million in the United States and Canada, and $122 million worldwide from a $130.6 million budget. In the nursery of the Darling household located in Edwardian era London, Wendy Darling tells her younger brothers John and Michael the story of Cinderella, who went to the ball and found herself", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9299315", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan (2003 film)\"\nHancock Peter Pan (2003 film) Peter Pan is a 2003 fantasy adventure film released by Universal Pictures, Columbia Pictures, and Revolution Studios. It was the first authorised and faithful film or television adaptation of J.M. Barrie's play \"\"Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up\"\" in half a century, after Disney's version in 1953. P. J. Hogan directed a screenplay co-written with Michael Goldenberg which is based on the play and novel by J. M. Barrie. Jason Isaacs plays the dual roles of Captain Hook and George Darling, Olivia Williams plays Mrs. Darling, while Jeremy Sumpter plays Peter Pan,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17921084", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan (1953 film)\"\nto Barrie's original play where Peter comes to get his shadow and Wendy is eager to see Neverland. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, the United States military took control of the studio and commissioned Walt Disney Productions to produce training and war propaganda films in which pre-production work on \"\"Peter Pan\"\" and \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\" were shelved. However, the Bank of America allowed production to continue during the war. After the war had concluded, work on the film resumed with Jack Kinney as director. At the time, Kinney had considered leaving Walt Disney Productions for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16861333", "chunk_text": "\"Return to Never Land\"\nReturn to Never Land Return to Never Land (also known as Peter Pan 2 or Peter Pan in Return to Never Land) is a 2002 American animated fantasy-adventure film produced by Walt Disney Television Animation, and released by Walt Disney Pictures and distributed by Buena Vista Pictures. The film is a sequel to Walt Disney Feature Animation 1953 film \"\"Peter Pan\"\", It is based on J. M. Barrie's novel \"\"Peter and Wendy\"\", and had a worldwide gross of $109 million. The film follows Wendy's daughter who refuses to believe in her mother's story during the Blitz in London, only to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6583900", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan (1953 film)\"\nearned a lifetime domestic gross of $87.4 million. Adjusted for inflation, and incorporating subsequent releases, the film has had a lifetime gross of $405,593,100. \"\"Disney Fairies\"\" is a series of children's books published by Random House, which features Tinker Bell and her friends. It also has a film series starting in 2008 with the self-titled film about Tinker Bell. Peter Pan’s Flight is a popular ride found at Disneyland, Walt Disney World, Disneyland Paris and Tokyo Disneyland. Peter Pan, Wendy, Captain Hook and Mr. Smee make appearances in the parades, as well as greetings throughout the theme parks. Neverland is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17402365", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan (franchise)\"\nPeter Pan (franchise) Peter Pan is a Disney media franchise based on J. M. Barrie's original play and novel, which officially commenced with the 1953 theatrical film \"\"Peter Pan\"\". The spin-off film series \"\"Tinker Bell\"\" has continued this franchise into the 21st century. The franchise is about Peter Pan, a boy who lives in Neverland and refuses to enter the human world and grow up. He takes Wendy Darling's family to his home and shows them around, and together they aim to foil the plan of the evil Captain Hook. The character Tinker Bell is also part of the Disney", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10312897", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan\"\nrole from 1906 to 1913) is displayed in the Museum of London. Early editions of adaptations of the story also depict a red costume but a green costume (whether or not made of leaves) becomes more usual from the 1920s, and more so later after the release of Disney's animated movie. In the Disney films, Peter wears an outfit that consists of a short-sleeved green tunic and tights apparently made of cloth, and a cap with a red feather in it. He has pointed elf-like ears, brown eyes and his hair is red. In \"\"Hook\"\" (1991), the character is played", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6652225", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan (1950 musical)\"\nPeter Pan (1950 musical) Peter Pan is a 1950 musical adaptation of J. M. Barrie's play \"\"Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up\"\" with music and lyrics by Leonard Bernstein; it opened on Broadway on April 24, 1950. This version starred Jean Arthur as Peter Pan, Boris Karloff in the dual roles of George Darling and Captain Hook, and Marcia Henderson as Wendy. The show was orchestrated by Hershy Kay and conducted by Benjamin Steinberg. The show ran for 321 performances, closing on January 27, 1951. The production was initially intended as a full-blown musical, with Bernstein composing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18829976", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan (1988 film)\"\nto grow up, something he would never want to do. They part, but Peter Pan welcomes them to return to Neverland someday. Peter Pan (1988 film) Peter Pan is an Australian 50-minute direct-to-video animated film from Burbank Films Australia. It was originally released in 1988. The film is based on J. M. Barrie's play, \"\"Peter Pan, or the Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up\"\", first produced in 1904, and was adapted by Paul Leadon. The film was produced by Roz Phillips and featured music composed by John Stuart. The copyright in this film is now owned by Pulse Distribution and Entertainment", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1495479", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan (1954 musical)\"\nalso starring in Broadway's \"\"The Sound of Music\"\" at the time. The production was directed for television by Vincent J. Donehue, who received a Director's Guild Award for it. Peter Foy re-created the signature flying sequences he had staged for the 1954 Broadway production and the two Producers' Showcase broadcasts. This 1960 version was rebroadcast in 1963, 1966 and 1973. The video tape of that production was restored and rebroadcast by NBC on March 24, 1989, then again on March 31, 1991, after which it went to the Disney Channel, where it was shown several times more. Beginning in 1989,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17921102", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan (1953 film)\"\n2013 after several pilot productions. This was Disney's first \"\"Peter Pan\"\" film. In the early 2000s, a \"\"Peter Pan\"\" franchise was spawned, involving a number of other animation projects: Following the studio's success of live-action adaptations of Disney cartoon films including \"\"Maleficent, Cinderella, The Jungle Book and Beauty and the Beast\"\", Disney announced that a live action \"\"Peter Pan\"\" movie is in development, with David Lowery directing and co-writing with Toby Halbrooks. On July 31, 2018, it was announced that it may air on the Disney+ instead. Peter Pan (1953 film) Peter Pan is a 1953 American animated fantasy adventure", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7706529", "chunk_text": "\"Peter and Wendy\"\nin November 1928 and December 1928, in which Eva LeGallienne directed and played the role of Peter Pan. Among musical theatre adaptations, the most successful in the U.S. has been an American musical version first produced on Broadway in 1954 starring Mary Martin, which was later videotaped for television and rebroadcast several times. Martin became the actress most associated with the role in the U.S. for several decades, although Sandy Duncan and Cathy Rigby each later toured extensively in this version and became well known in the role. The story of Peter Pan has been a popular one for adaptation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5342483", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan (1976 musical)\"\nPeter Pan (1976 musical) Peter Pan is a 1976 American made-for-television musical film adaptation of J.M. Barrie's \"\"Peter Pan, or the Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up\"\" starring Mia Farrow as Peter Pan and Danny Kaye as Captain Hook, and with Sir John Gielgud narrating. Julie Andrews sang one of the songs, \"\"Once Upon a Bedtime\"\", off-camera over the opening credits. It aired as a presentation of \"\"Hallmark Hall of Fame\"\" on NBC at 7:30pm on Sunday, December 12, 1976, capping off the program's 25th year on the air. The program did not use the score written for the highly successful", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6583883", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan (1953 film)\"\nnot in her bed, but sleeping at the open window. Wendy awakens and excitedly tells about their adventures. The parents look out the window and see what appears to be a pirate ship in the clouds. George, who has softened his position about Wendy staying in the nursery, recognizes the ship from his own childhood. In 1935, Walt Disney expressed interest in doing an adaptation of \"\"Peter Pan\"\" as his second film following \"\"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\"\". However, the live-action film rights were held by Paramount Pictures, in which the copyright owner, the Hospital for Sick Children in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5106400", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan (1953 film)\"\nEdition was also released on August 20, 2013. \"\"Peter Pan\"\" was re-released on Digital HD on May 29, 2018 and on Blu-ray June 5, 2018 as part of the Walt Disney Signature Collection Line, to celebrate the film's 65th anniversary. Bosley Crowther of \"\"The New York Times\"\" criticized the film's lack of faithfulness to the original play claiming it \"\"has the story but not the spirit of \"\"Peter Pan\"\" as it was plainly conceived by its author and is usually played on the stage.\"\" Nevertheless, he praised the colors are \"\"more exciting and the technical features of the job, such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3011397", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan (franchise)\"\non the 1953 film, created by Transogram Company. is a compilation album with songs from the \"\"Tinker Bell\"\" film series. Disney on Ice began a touring production of Peter Pan in 1999. Peter Pan (franchise) Peter Pan is a Disney media franchise based on J. M. Barrie's original play and novel, which officially commenced with the 1953 theatrical film \"\"Peter Pan\"\". The spin-off film series \"\"Tinker Bell\"\" has continued this franchise into the 21st century. The franchise is about Peter Pan, a boy who lives in Neverland and refuses to enter the human world and grow up. He takes Wendy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18168794", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan (1924 film)\"\nwas undertaken by the George Eastman House combining the two sources in 1994, and Philip C. Carli composed new film music for it, which was premiered by the Flower City Society Orchestra at the 1996 Pordenone Silent Film Festival. The film was celebrated at the time for its innovative use of special effects (mainly to show Tinker Bell) according to Disney's 45th anniversary video of \"\"their\"\" adaptation of \"\"Peter Pan\"\". In 2000, this film was deemed \"\"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"\" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry. The role of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20584081", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan (1954 musical)\"\nPeter Pan (1954 musical) Peter Pan is a musical based on J. M. Barrie's 1904 play \"\"Peter Pan\"\" and Barrie's own novelization of it, \"\"Peter and Wendy\"\". The music is mostly by Mark \"\"Moose\"\" Charlap, with additional music by Jule Styne, and most of the lyrics were written by Carolyn Leigh, with additional lyrics by Betty Comden and Adolph Green. The original 1954 Broadway production, starring Mary Martin as Peter and Cyril Ritchard as Captain Hook, earned Tony Awards for both stars. It was followed by NBC telecasts of it in 1955, 1956, and 1960 with the same stars, plus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20584085", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan (1954 musical)\"\nby an eight-week engagement in Los Angeles. The show opened on Broadway on October 20, 1954 at the Winter Garden Theatre for a planned limited run of 152 performances. The busy 1954 Broadway season also included \"\"The Boy Friend\"\", \"\"Fanny\"\", \"\"Silk Stockings\"\" and \"\"Damn Yankees\"\". While still in tryouts, a deal was made for \"\"Peter Pan\"\" to be broadcast on the NBC anthology series \"\"Producers' Showcase\"\" on March 7, 1955, which ensured that it was a financial success despite the limited run. The revised score and Tony Award-winning performances by Martin and Cyril Ritchard made the musical a critical success,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8891578", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan\"\nArthur Rackham. He returned to the character of Peter Pan as the centre of his stage play entitled \"\"Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up,\"\" which premiered on 27 December 1904 in London. Barrie later adapted and expanded the play's story line as a novel, published in 1911 as \"\"Peter and Wendy\"\". Barrie never described Peter's appearance in detail, even in his novel, leaving it to the imagination of the reader and the interpretation of anyone adapting the character. In the play, Peter's outfit is made of autumn leaves and cobwebs. His name and playing the flute or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "666320", "chunk_text": "\"Pan (2015 film)\"\naction sequences, vivid costumes and well-executed special effects\"\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"\"B+\"\" on an A+ to F scale, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it a 78% overall positive score. Pan (2015 film) Pan is a 2015 American fantasy film directed by Joe Wright and written by Jason Fuchs. The film serves as a prequel to \"\"Peter and Wendy\"\" from Scottish author J. M. Barrie, which was first staged in 1904, and focuses on an alternative origin story for Peter Pan and Captain Hook. It stars Levi Miller as the title character, along", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5524786", "chunk_text": "\"Walt Disney Animation Studios\"\n1951, met with a lukewarm response at the box office and was a sharp critical disappointment in its initial release. \"\"Peter Pan\"\", released in 1953, was, on the other hand, a commercial success and the highest-grossing film of the year. In 1955, \"\"Lady and the Tramp\"\" was released to higher box office success than any other Disney feature from the studio since \"\"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\"\", earning an estimated $7.5 million in rentals at the North American box office in 1955. \"\"Lady\"\" is significant as Disney's first widescreen animated feature, produced in the CinemaScope process, and was the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8891577", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan\"\nadapting and expanding on Barrie's works. These include a 1953 animated film, a 2003 dramatic/live-action film, a television series and many other works. J. M. Barrie first used Peter Pan as a character in a section of \"\"The Little White Bird\"\" (1902), an adult novel where he appears as a seven-day-old baby in the chapter entitled \"\"Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens\"\". Following the success of the 1904 play, Barrie's publishers, Hodder and Stoughton, extracted chapters 13–18 of \"\"The Little White Bird\"\" and republished them in 1906 under the title \"\"Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens\"\", with the addition of illustrations by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1350608", "chunk_text": "\"Peter and Wendy (film)\"\nPeter and Wendy (film) Peter and Wendy is a 2015 television film made for ITV in the UK. It was written by Adrian Hodges, directed by Diarmuid Lawrence and produced by Stewart Mackinnon and Christian Baute, Headline Pictures. The film is based on the story of \"\"Peter Pan\"\" by J. M. Barrie, blending it with an original narrative set in the present day. The film draws a connection between the stories of Barrie and the real life Great Ormond Street Hospital, echoing sentiments shared by Barrie himself, who left all the rights to Peter Pan to the hospital in 1929,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17921087", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan (1953 film)\"\norder to restore the studio to full financial health, he expressed his desire to return to producing full-length animated films. By then, three animated projects—\"\"Cinderella\"\", \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\", and \"\"Peter Pan\"\"—were in development. Walt felt the characters in \"\"Alice in Wonderland\"\" and \"\"Peter Pan\"\" were too cold while \"\"Cinderella\"\" contained elements similar to \"\"Snow White\"\" and decided to greenlit the project. \"\"Peter Pan\"\" was placed back into production in May 1949. The scene in the nursery went through many alterations. For instance in one version, it was Mrs. Darling who found Peter Pan's shadow and showed it to Mr. Darling", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15758238", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan's Flight\"\nPeter Pan's Flight Peter Pan's Flight is a rail-suspended dark ride at the Magic Kingdom, Disneyland, Disneyland Paris, Tokyo Disneyland, and Shanghai Disneyland theme parks. Located in Fantasyland, it is one of the few remaining attractions that was operational on Disneyland's opening day in 1955. The ride's story, music, staging and artwork are based on Walt Disney's \"\"Peter Pan\"\" (1953), the animated film version of the classic Peter Pan story by J. M. Barrie. Peter Pan's Flight is one of Disneyland's most popular attractions. The original intent of the attraction was for guests to fly through the ride as if", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13135399", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan\"\nas an adult by Robin Williams, with blue eyes and dark brown hair; in flashbacks to him in his youth, his hair is light brown. In this film his ears appear pointed only when he is Peter Pan, not as Peter Banning. His Pan attire resembles the Disney outfit (minus the cap). In the live-action 2003 \"\"Peter Pan\"\" film, he is portrayed by Jeremy Sumpter, who has blond hair and blue-green eyes. His outfit is made of leaves and vines. J.M. Barrie created his character based on his older brother, David, who died in an ice-skating accident the day before", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5106399", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan (1953 film)\"\n1999, as a Walt Disney Limited Issue for a limited sixty-day time period before going into moratorium. \"\"Peter Pan\"\" was re-released as a Special Edition VHS and DVD in 2002 to promote the sequel, \"\"Return to Neverland\"\". The DVD was accompanied with special features including a making-of documentary, a sing-along, a storybook, and a still-frame gallery of production artwork. Disney rereleased a 2-disc Platinum Edition DVD of the film on March 6, 2007. A Blu-Ray Diamond Edition of the film was released on February 5, 2013, to celebrate the movie's 60th anniversary. A DVD and digital copy of the Diamond", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13752875", "chunk_text": "\"Peter and Wendy (film)\"\na few years before his death. It was first broadcast on 26 December 2015 and received positive reviews for the bold and emotional re-imagining of the classic children's tale. Lucy is a teenage girl with a heart condition who is awaiting risky surgery that would save her life. Late in the night before her operation she reads a copy of \"\"Peter Pan\"\" and dreams she is Wendy and Peter Pan takes her to Neverland. The film won an International Emmy in 2016, and a Special Award for Best Director at the Parma Film Music Festival in 2016. The film was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9299312", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan (2003 film)\"\nsolve various puzzles and collect special objects for special prizes and bonus points. The game received mixed reviews overall with Gamezone giving it a 6.4/10, Cubed3 giving it a 5.2/10, and Nintendo Power giving it a 2.2/5. Cubed3 criticised the game for the bad dialogue and repetitive and rushed gameplay, but praising the graphics and sound. This film was released in theatres on 22 November 2003 in Australia, on 24 December 2003 in the United Kingdom and on 25 December 2003 in the United States of America and Canada. On March 2004, The film was released on VHS and DVD", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4216317", "chunk_text": "\"Hook (film)\"\nHook (film) Hook is a 1991 American fantasy adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by James V. Hart and Malia Scotch Marmo. It stars Robin Williams as Peter Banning / Peter Pan, Dustin Hoffman as Captain Hook, Julia Roberts as Tinker Bell, Bob Hoskins as Smee, Maggie Smith as Wendy, Caroline Goodall as Moira Banning, and Charlie Korsmo as Jack Banning. It acts as a sequel to J. M. Barrie's 1911 novel \"\"Peter and Wendy\"\" focusing on an adult Peter Pan who has forgotten all about his childhood. In his new life, he is known as Peter Banning,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6583884", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan (1953 film)\"\nLondon, offered to have Disney make an agreement with Paramount that proved to be unsuccessful. However, in January 1939, Disney obtained the animation rights to the play outbidding the Fleischer Studios who were also developing of animated feature films. By early 1939, a storyreel had been completed, and by the following May, Disney had several animators in mind for the characters. Vladimir Tytla was considered for the pirates, Norman Ferguson for the dog, Nana, (who also animated Pluto), and Fred Moore for Tinker Bell. During this time, Disney explored many possibilities of how the story could be interpreted. In the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20584084", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan (1954 musical)\"\nBarrie had written later and titled \"\"An Afterthought\"\" (later included by Barrie in his 1911 novelization \"\"Peter and Wendy\"\"). In this ending, Peter returns after many years to take Wendy back to Never Never Land for spring cleaning. He finds that he has been away so long that Wendy is now an adult, married woman with a daughter. Despondent at first, he is delighted when Wendy's daughter Jane offers to be his new mother, and instead takes her with him. The musical premiered at the Curran Theatre in San Francisco on July 19, 1954. The initial four-week run was followed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13619034", "chunk_text": "\"Fox's Peter Pan & the Pirates\"\none day Wendy will leave Neverland and grow up. The show's title was given as Fox's Peter Pan & the Pirates (Given in promotional materials and advertisements in the UK as Twentieth Century Fox's Peter Pan & the Pirates) as to emphasize the fact that this was an independent production by 20th Century Fox, unrelated to the Disney feature or other previous media incarnations of the Peter Pan property. The following show the differences from J.M. Barrie's book or other Peter Pan versions: The series originally aired on Fox from September 8, 1990 to September 10, 1991. Repeats continued to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5996498", "chunk_text": "\"Marcia Henderson\"\nMarcia Henderson Marcia Anne Prestlien (née Henderson; July 22, 1929 – November 23, 1987) was an American actress. She made her Broadway debut as Wendy in the musical \"\"Peter Pan\"\" (1950), for which she won a Theatre World Award. Henderson also appeared in films such as \"\"All I Desire\"\" (1953), \"\"The Glass Web\"\" (1953), \"\"Canyon River\"\" (1956), and \"\"The Wayward Girl\"\" (1957). Born in Andover, Massachusetts, and raised in Williamstown, Massachusetts, Henderson was the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John D. Henderson. She graduated from Williamstown High School in 1947 and from the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in 1949.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20584082", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan (1954 musical)\"\nseveral rebroadcasts of the 1960 telecast. In 2014, the musical was broadcast on NBC featuring several new numbers, and starring Allison Williams and Christopher Walken. The show has enjoyed several revivals onstage. Several productions of Peter Pan were staged early in the 20th century, starting in London in 1904, starring Nina Boucicault as Peter and on Broadway in 1905, starring Maude Adams. In a nod to the original play, and the pantomime tradition it derives from, the title role of Peter Pan in the musical is usually played by a woman, including Mary Martin, Sandy Duncan and Cathy Rigby, among", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18168795", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan (1924 film)\"\nTiger Lily, that was played by Anna May Wong a Chinese-American movie star as a stereotypical Native American princess, has become controversial over the years. The film has also received an approval rating of 100% on review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes, based on eight reviews. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: Peter Pan (1924 film) Peter Pan is a 1924 American silent adventure film released by Paramount Pictures, the first film adaptation of the play by J. M. Barrie. It was directed by Herbert Brenon and starred Betty Bronson as Peter Pan, Ernest Torrence as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10462568", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan (2003 film)\"\nuntil the following year. Filming, which lasted about twelve months and ended in June 2003, took place entirely inside sound stages on Australia's Gold Coast, Queensland. According to Fisher, the decision to shoot in Australia was based on the low value of the Australian dollar at that time. Hogan had originally planned on filming in a variety of locations such as Tahiti, New Zealand, and London but abandoned this idea after scouting some of the locations. Filming on sound stages did help \"\"retain some of the theatricality of the original play\"\", something which Hogan thought was important. Universal distributed in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "564203", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan in Scarlet\"\nPeter Pan in Scarlet Peter Pan in Scarlet (2006) is a novel by British author Geraldine McCaughrean. It is marketed as the \"\"official sequel\"\" to J. M. Barrie's \"\"Peter and Wendy\"\" (1911), as it was authorised by Great Ormond Street Hospital, which was granted all rights to the characters and original writings by Barrie in 1929. McCaughrean was selected in 2004 following a competition in which novelists were invited to submit a sample chapter and plot outline for a sequel. Set in 1926, the book continues the story of the Lost Boys, the Darling family, and Peter Pan, during the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1887682", "chunk_text": "\"Never Never Land (film)\"\nNever Never Land (film) Never Never Land is a 1980 British drama film directed by Paul Annett and starring Petula Clark, Cathleen Nesbitt, John Castle, and Anne Seymour. It is named after Neverland, the magical setting of the classic children's tales of Peter Pan. Seven-year-old Jennie (Heather Miller) has been abandoned by her parents and left in the care of her aunt Bee (Petula Clark) and uncle Jim (John Castle). Jennie is treated poorly by her two elder cousins, and taking her lead from the story \"\"Peter and Wendy\"\", she runs away from home with her younger cousin Joe (Christian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2365856", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Pan: A Musical Adventure\"\nPeter Pan: A Musical Adventure Peter Pan: A Musical Adventure is a musical based on J. M. Barrie's play \"\"Peter Pan, or the Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up\"\", with a book by Willis Hall and music and lyrics by George Stiles and Anthony Drewe. The show opened in Copenhagen in 1996. The production was first broadcast in 2001 as a New Year's Eve concert, starring Sheila Hancock, Laura Michelle Kelly, and Joe McFadden. It was presented at Festival Hall in the 2002/2003 Christmas period where it was badly reviewed. Since then, Stiles and Drewe have revised the show. In the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7747509", "chunk_text": "\"Never Never Land (film)\"\nCD released in 2000. Never Never Land (film) Never Never Land is a 1980 British drama film directed by Paul Annett and starring Petula Clark, Cathleen Nesbitt, John Castle, and Anne Seymour. It is named after Neverland, the magical setting of the classic children's tales of Peter Pan. Seven-year-old Jennie (Heather Miller) has been abandoned by her parents and left in the care of her aunt Bee (Petula Clark) and uncle Jim (John Castle). Jennie is treated poorly by her two elder cousins, and taking her lead from the story \"\"Peter and Wendy\"\", she runs away from home with her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_353	what ethnic group celebrates its contribution to america in october?	n/a	[ "Filipino Americans", "Filipino American", "Filipino" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3737378", "chunk_text": "\"Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month\"\nItalian-American Heritage and Culture Month Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month is celebrated by proclamation of the President and Congress in the United States to honor the achievements and contributions of Italian immigrants and their descendants living in the United States. It was first celebrated in 1989. The heritage month is in October to coincide with Columbus Day, the American national holiday traditionally celebrated on October 12, now celebrated on the second Monday in October. Heritage Months are usually proclaimed by nations to celebrate centuries of contributions by a group to a country. In tribute to all Italian Americans, the US", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19048547", "chunk_text": "\"Indigenous Peoples' Day\"\nIndigenous Peoples' Day Indigenous Peoples' Day (Native's Day) is a holiday that celebrates and honors the Indigenous peoples of America and commemorates their shared history and culture. It is celebrated across the United States on the second Monday in October, and is an official city and state holiday in various localities. It began as a counter-celebration held on the same day as the U.S. federal holiday of Columbus Day, which honors European explorer Christopher Columbus. Some people now reject celebrating him, saying that he represents \"\"the violent history of the colonization in the Western Hemisphere\"\". Indigenous Peoples' Day was begun", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10330026", "chunk_text": "\"National Hispanic Heritage Month\"\nNational Hispanic Heritage Month National Hispanic Heritage Month is the period from September 15 to October 15 in the United States, when people recognize the contributions of Hispanic and Latino Americans to the group's heritage and culture. Hispanic Heritage Month celebrates the long and important presence of Hispanic and Latino Americans in North America. A map of late 18th-century North America shows this presence, from the small outpost of San Francisco founded in Alta California in 1776, through the Spanish province of Texas with its gauchos (cowboys), to the fortress of St. Augustine, Florida — the first colonial settlement in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13142206", "chunk_text": "\"National Hispanic Heritage Month\"\nin The Bronx, New York City is held annually in September to coincide with Hispanic Heritage Month. The Smithsonian Institution hosts Hispanic Heritage Month events in Washington, D.C.. National Hispanic Heritage Month National Hispanic Heritage Month is the period from September 15 to October 15 in the United States, when people recognize the contributions of Hispanic and Latino Americans to the group's heritage and culture. Hispanic Heritage Month celebrates the long and important presence of Hispanic and Latino Americans in North America. A map of late 18th-century North America shows this presence, from the small outpost of San Francisco founded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17863379", "chunk_text": "Americans\nhas also had impact. A cultural melting pot, or pluralistic salad bowl, describes the way in which generations of Americans have celebrated and exchanged distinctive cultural characteristics. In addition to the United States, Americans and people of American descent can be found internationally. As many as seven million Americans are estimated to be living abroad, and make up the American diaspora. The United States of America is a diverse country, racially, and ethnically. Six races are officially recognized by the U.S. Census Bureau for statistical purposes: White, American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian, Black or African American, Native Hawaiian and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15711617", "chunk_text": "\"Native American Day\"\nNative American Day Native American Day is a holiday in the U.S. states of California and Nevada celebrated annually on the fourth Friday of September, as well as in South Dakota on the second Monday in October in lieu of Columbus Day. It honors Native American cultures and contributions to their respective states and the United States. The state of Tennessee observes a similar American Indian Day each year on the fourth Monday of September. In 1968, Governor Ronald Reagan signed a resolution calling for a holiday called American Indian Day, to be held the Fourth Friday in September. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7908817", "chunk_text": "\"Five-Percent Nation\"\nat Harriet Tubman Elementary School for this gathering, which includes a marketplace, performances, and speeches in the school's auditorium and a science fair in which children participate. The Nation generally does not recognize traditional holidays, most notably those associated with religion such as Christmas or Easter. Instead, they change the meaning and celebrate how they want to. However, some regions where the Nation is active may hold events close to dates in honor of Allah the Father's birthday (February 22) or the official founding of the Nation (October 10). Dietary laws of the Five Percent dictate that adherents are forbidden", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9733538", "chunk_text": "\"Italian Americans\"\nItalian Americans Italian Americans ( or \"\"italo-americani\"\" ) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans who have ancestry from Italy. Italian Americans are the seventh largest Census-reported ethnic group in the United States (which includes American ethnicity, an ethnonym used by many in the United States; overall, Italian Americans rank seventh, behind German American, African American, Irish American, Mexican American, English American, and American). About 5.5 million Italians immigrated to the United States from 1820 to 2004. By 1870, there were less than 25,000 Italian immigrants in America, many of them Northern Italian refugees from the wars that accompanied the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13703722", "chunk_text": "\"Fiesta Nacional de España\"\nFiesta Nacional de España The Fiesta Nacional de España (\"\"Festa Nacional d'Espanya\"\" in Catalan/Valencian/Balearic; \"\"Festa Nacional de España\"\" in Galician; \"\"Espainiako Jai Nazionala\"\" in Basque) is the national day of Spain. It is held annually on October 12 and is a national holiday. It commemorates the anniversary of Christopher Columbus's first arrival in the Americas, a day also celebrated in other countries. The anniversary of Columbus' landing in the New World on October 12, 1492, is widely celebrated throughout the Americas. It is known as Columbus Day in the United States and as \"\"Día de la Raza\"\" in various Latin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10073995", "chunk_text": "\"Irish-American Heritage Month\"\n27, 2015)\"\" \"\"Irish-American Heritage Month, 2016 (February 29, 2016)\"\" \"\"Irish-American Heritage Month, 2017 (March 1, 2017)\"\" \"\"Irish-American Heritage Month, 2018 (February 28, 2018)\"\" Federal Register search for presidential documents with \"\"Irish-American Heritage Month\"\" Irish-American Heritage Month Irish-American Heritage Month is celebrated by proclamation of the President and Congress in the United States to honor the achievements and contributions of Irish immigrants and their descendants living in the United States. It was first celebrated in 1991. The heritage month is in March to coincide with Saint Patrick's Day, the Irish national holiday on March 17. Heritage Months are usually proclaimed by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16622495", "chunk_text": "\"German-American Day\"\ndesignating October 6, 1987, as German-American Day. It became when President Reagan signed it on August 18. A proclamation (#) to this effect was issued October 2, 1987, by President Reagan in a formal ceremony in the White House Rose Garden, at which time the President called on Americans to observe the Day with appropriate ceremonies and activities. Presidents since then have continued to make proclamations to observe German-American Day. German-American Day German-American Day () is a holiday in the United States, observed annually on October 6 under . German-American Day, which celebrates German American heritage, commemorates the date in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16047760", "chunk_text": "Thanksgiving\nLucia celebrates Thanksgiving on the first Monday in October. Thanksgiving, currently celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November by federal legislation in 1941, has been an annual tradition in the United States by presidential proclamation since 1863 and by state legislation since the Founding Fathers of the United States. Historically, Thanksgiving has traditionally been a celebration of the blessings of the year, including the harvest. What Americans call the \"\"Holiday Season\"\" generally begins with Thanksgiving. The Harvest Thanksgiving Festival, , is a popular German Christian festival in early October. The festival has a significant religious component, and unlike its North", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3659566", "chunk_text": "\"Irish-American Heritage Month\"\nIrish-American Heritage Month Irish-American Heritage Month is celebrated by proclamation of the President and Congress in the United States to honor the achievements and contributions of Irish immigrants and their descendants living in the United States. It was first celebrated in 1991. The heritage month is in March to coincide with Saint Patrick's Day, the Irish national holiday on March 17. Heritage Months are usually proclaimed by nations to celebrate centuries of contributions by a group to a country. Saint Patrick's Day is a Roman Catholic religious holiday that honors the saint, who introduced Christianity to Ireland in the early", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1715823", "chunk_text": "\"Filipino Americans\"\nby taking note of their immigration history, nonverbal body language and possible inhibitions. It can also be helpful for medical providers and psychotherapists to notice the power dynamic of family members and allow the patient to process information that might be lost in translation (Gaw 2007). Congress established Asian Pacific American Heritage Month in May to commemorate Filipino American and other Asian American cultures. Upon becoming the largest Asian American group in California, October was established as Filipino American History Month to acknowledge the first landing of Filipinos on October 18, 1587 in Morro Bay, California. It is widely celebrated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19209466", "chunk_text": "Hispanophone\nuntil the 20th century. Hispanic Americans have fought in all the wars of the United States and have earned some of the highest distinctions awarded to U.S. soldiers (list of Hispanic Medal of Honor recipients). Historic figures in the United States have been Hispanic from early times. Some recent famous people include actress Rita Hayworth and baseball legends Lefty Gomez and Ted Williams. The National Hispanic Heritage Month is celebrated in the United States from September 15 to October 15. The term \"\"Hispanic\"\" is cultural and not racial. The racial diversity found among Hispanics stems from the fact that Hispanic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8539644", "chunk_text": "\"Native American Day\"\ndesigned to promote greater understanding and brotherhood between American Indians and the non-Indian people of the state of Tennessee\"\". Native American Day Native American Day is a holiday in the U.S. states of California and Nevada celebrated annually on the fourth Friday of September, as well as in South Dakota on the second Monday in October in lieu of Columbus Day. It honors Native American cultures and contributions to their respective states and the United States. The state of Tennessee observes a similar American Indian Day each year on the fourth Monday of September. In 1968, Governor Ronald Reagan signed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17116289", "chunk_text": "\"German-American Day\"\nGerman-American Day German-American Day () is a holiday in the United States, observed annually on October 6 under . German-American Day, which celebrates German American heritage, commemorates the date in 1683 when 13 German families from Krefeld, near the Rhine, landed in Philadelphia. These families subsequently founded Germantown, Pennsylvania, the first German settlement in the original thirteen American colonies, and organized the first petition in the English colonies to abolish slavery in 1688. Originally known under the rubric of \"\"German Day\"\", the holiday was celebrated for the first time in Philadelphia in 1883, on the occasion of the 200th anniversary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18937245", "chunk_text": "\"German Americans\"\npeoples. In the 1990 U.S. Census, 58 million Americans claimed to be solely or partially of German descent. According to the 2005 American Community Survey, 50 million Americans have German ancestry. German Americans represent 17% of the total U.S. population and 26% of the non-Hispanic white population. \"\"The Economist\"\" magazine in 2015 interviewed Petra Schürmann, the director of the German-American Heritage Museum in Washington for a major article on German-Americans. She notes that all over the United States celebrations such as German fests and Oktoberfests have been appearing. States with the highest proportions of German Americans tend to be those", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16893708", "chunk_text": "Americans\ninclude the grouping in the 2020 Census. Hispanic or Latino Americans (of any race) constitute the largest ethnic minority in the United States. They form the second largest group after non-Hispanic Whites in the United States, comprising 16.3% of the population according to the 2010 United States Census. Hispanic/Latino Americans are very racially diverse, and as a result form an ethnic category, rather than a race. People of Spanish or Hispanic descent have lived in what is now the United States since the founding of St. Augustine, Florida in 1565 by Pedro Menéndez de Avilés. In the State of Texas,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1919710", "chunk_text": "Thanksgiving\nThanksgiving Thanksgiving Day is a national holiday celebrated on various dates in Canada, the United States, some of the Caribbean islands, and Liberia. It began as a day of giving thanks for the blessing of the harvest and of the preceding year. Similarly named festival holidays occur in Germany and Japan. Thanksgiving is celebrated on the second Monday of October in Canada and on the fourth Thursday of November in the United States, and around the same part of the year in other places. Although Thanksgiving has historical roots in religious and cultural traditions, it has long been celebrated as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11034176", "chunk_text": "\"Columbus Day\"\nand technology between the new world and the old. The landing is celebrated as \"\"\"\"Columbus Day\"\"\"\" in the United States but the name varies on the international spectrum. In Latin America, October 12th is known as \"\"\"\"Día de la Raza\"\"\"\" or (Day of the Race). Some countries such as Spain refer the holiday as \"\"\"\"Día de la Hispanidad\"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\"Fiesta Nacional\"\"\"\" where it is also the religious festivity of \"\"la Virgen del Pilar.\"\" Belize and Uruguay celebrate it as \"\"Día de las Américas\"\" (Day of the Americas). Argentina's former president Cristina Fernández de Kirchner officially adopted \"\"\"\"Día del Respeto a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12898410", "chunk_text": "\"Polish American Heritage Month\"\nto join in the celebration honoring Polish heritage in the United States. The month was changed to October in 1986 to aid participating schools in organization during the school year, and October holds significance as the month when the first Polish settlers came to Jamestown, Virginia. Proclamations were made by Presidents Reagan and George H.W. Bush, but beginning with Bill Clinton, U.S. Presidents have since made proclamations for General Pulaski Memorial Day, and official messages noting Polish American Heritage month. Barack Obama has not made any Proclamations or Official Messages commemorating Polish American Heritage Month. He has made Proclamations for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19585449", "chunk_text": "\"Malian Americans\"\nto grow rapidly due to immigration to New York. Most Malians are Muslims. Many Malians meet regularly for parties and holidays; both Muslim and Christian holidays are included. They celebrate both traditional Malian holidays such as Malian Independence Day as well as those celebrated in the US, such as Thanksgiving and American Independence Day. As with other ethnic groups, multiple Malian organizations exist. One, the Mali Association, is a mutual aid organization that helps members who encounter financial problems. Monthly meetings are held where various problems affecting the community are discussed. Established in 2001, it is supported by many Malians.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16177190", "chunk_text": "\"Ellis Island Medal of Honor\"\nEllis Island Medal of Honor The Ellis Island Medal of Honor is an American award founded by the Ellis Island Honors Society (EIHS) (formerly known as National Ethnic Coalition of Organizations (NECO) until Fall of 2017) which are presented annually to American citizens whose accomplishments in their field and inspired service to the United States are cause for celebration. Past medalists include seven U.S. presidents, several world leaders, two Nobel Prize winners and countless leaders of industry, education, the arts, sports and government, along with everyday Americans who have made freedom, liberty and compassion a part of their life's work.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9691762", "chunk_text": "\"Columbus Day\"\n\"\"Día de la Raza\"\" to \"\"Día del Encuentro de las Culturas\"\" (Day of the Encounter of Cultures) to recognize the mix of European, Native American (autochthonous populations), African and Asian cultures that constitute modern Costa Rican (and Latin American) culture and ethnicity. In accordance to the Costa Rican labor law, the holiday is observed on October 12. However, should this date coincide with a Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday or Friday, the employer shall agree that said holiday be postponed to the following Monday. In Brazil, Columbus Day is not celebrated. Instead, the country celebrates the arrival on the coast of present-day", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14181265", "chunk_text": "\"Honduran Americans\"\nHonduran Americans Honduran Americans (, or ) are Americans of Honduran descent. Honduran Americans are a group of people who may descend from Spanish, Honduran Native (including Mayan), Garifuna, African, Palestinian and Chinese people, among many others. The Honduran population at the 2015 Census was 837,694. Hondurans are the eighth largest Hispanic group in the United States and the third largest Central American population, after Salvadorans and Guatemalans. The first Hondurans came to United States in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, in the 1820s, while the country, part of Central America, gained its independence from Spain and was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15103886", "chunk_text": "Kwanzaa\nKwanzaa Kwanzaa () is a celebration held in the United States and in other nations of the African diaspora in the Americas and lasts a week. The celebration honors African heritage in African-American culture and is observed from December 26 to January 1, culminating in a feast and gift-giving. Kwanzaa has seven core principles (\"\"Nguzo Saba\"\"). It was created by Maulana Karenga and was first celebrated in 1966–67. American Black Power activist and secular humanist Maulana Karenga, also known as Ronald McKinley Everett, created Kwanzaa in 1966, as a specifically African-American holiday, in a spirit comparable to Juneteenth. According to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19829794", "chunk_text": "\"Jewish American Heritage Month\"\nJewish American Heritage Month Jewish American Heritage Month (JAHM) is an annual recognition and celebration of Jewish American achievements in and contributions to the United States of America during the month of May. President George W. Bush first proclaimed the month on April 20, 2006, as a result of cooperation with Sen. Arlen Specter (R-PA), as well as the Jewish Museum of Florida and the South Florida Jewish Community. Since then, annual proclamations have been made by Presidents Bush, Barack Obama and Donald Trump. In April 2006, President George W. Bush announced that May 2006 would be considered Jewish American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12296994", "chunk_text": "\"United States\"\ngroup, not a \"\"racial\"\" group), and third-largest ancestry group. Asian Americans are the country's second-largest racial minority; the three largest Asian American ethnic groups are Chinese Americans, Filipino Americans, and Indian Americans. According to a 2015 survey, the largest American community with European ancestry is German Americans, which consists of more than 14% of total population. In 2010, the U.S. population included an estimated 5.2 million people with some American Indian or Alaska Native ancestry (2.9 million exclusively of such ancestry) and 1.2 million with some native Hawaiian or Pacific island ancestry (0.5 million exclusively). The census counted more than", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3737379", "chunk_text": "\"Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month\"\nCongress, by , designated the month of October 1989 as \"\"Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month.\"\" Congress again proclaimed October as Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month for 1990 () and 1993/1994 (). Within the authority of the Executive Branch, the President of the United States has also issued a proclamation in 1989 and 1990 by George H.W. Bush, in 1993 Bill Clinton, and in 2010 by Barack Obama. Federal Register search for presidential documents with \"\"Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month\"\" Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month is celebrated by proclamation of the President and Congress in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4352332", "chunk_text": "Americans\nrace as these Hispanic/Latinos may feel the U.S. Census does not describe their European and American Indian ancestry as they understand it to be. A significant portion of the Hispanic and Latino population self-identifies as Mestizo, particularly the Mexican and Central American community. Mestizo is not a racial category in the U.S. Census, but signifies someone who has both European and American Indian ancestry. A national personification is an anthropomorphism of a nation or its people; it can appear in both editorial cartoons and propaganda. Uncle Sam is a national personification of the United States and sometimes more specifically of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9777491", "chunk_text": "\"German American National Congress\"\nboard-member positions which aid in keeping the organization running, and are responsible for organizing events and activities which aim to unite people of German-American descent. German American National Congress The German American National Congress () (also known as DANK) is a national German-American nonprofit organization in the United States. DANK was established to unite Americans of Germanic descent, while preserving their heritage and traditions on a local and national level. With over 30 chapters and more than 100 associated members throughout the country, DANK is the largest organization of German-Americans. DANK was founded in 1959; more than a half-century later,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "562192", "chunk_text": "\"Pan American Day\"\nPan American Day Pan American Day is a holiday observed by several countries in North and South America. It commemorates the First International Conference of American States which concluded on April 14, 1890, creating the International Union of American Republics, the forerunner to the Organization of American States (OAS). The holiday was originally proposed by the organization in 1930, and was first observed on April 14, 1930. Customs/Traditions: Parades are held, some schools put on plays, the orchestra plays music, people set up exhibits, and pageants are sometimes held. In Belize \"\"Pan American Day\"\" refers to October 12, which is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17863380", "chunk_text": "Americans\nOther Pacific Islander, and people of two or more races. \"\"Some other race\"\" is also an option in the census and other surveys. The United States Census Bureau also classifies Americans as \"\"Hispanic or Latino\"\" and \"\"Not Hispanic or Latino\"\", which identifies Hispanic and Latino Americans as a racially diverse \"\"ethnicity\"\" that comprises the largest minority group in the nation. People of European descent, or White Americans (also referred to as Caucasian Americans), constitute the majority of the 308 million people living in the United States, with 72.4% of the population in the 2010 United States Census. They are considered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19137990", "chunk_text": "\"Native American Indian Heritage Month\"\nprovide educational programs for their employees regarding Native American history, rights, culture and contemporary issues, to better assist them in their jobs and for overall awareness. On October 31, 2013, President Barack Obama made a Presidential proclamation that November 2013 as \"\"Native American Heritage Month\"\". On October 31, 2017, President Donald Trump proclaimed November 2017 as \"\"Native American Heritage Month\"\". A Cherokee American Indian, J.C. Elliott-High Eagle, authored (S.J. Res. 209) for American Indian Awareness Week, October 10 - 16, 1976, signed by President Gerald R. Ford . This became the first official week of national recognition for the American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18726353", "chunk_text": "\"Oktoberfest celebrations\"\nheld in the Namhae county of Gyeongsang. Oktoberfest celebration is held in Colombo, Sri Lanka every year. German-Americans are the largest self-reported ancestral group in the United States. Correspondingly, there are hundreds of large and small Oktoberfest celebrations held annually throughout the country, the largest being Oktoberfest Zinzinnati in Cincinnati, Ohio. Known for its large German immigrant population, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and its historic Pennsylvania Dutch (Pennsylvania Deutsch) population are well known to have many Oktoberfest celebrations during the months of September and October. These celebrations became increasingly popular among the general Commonwealth population in the later half of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12898411", "chunk_text": "\"Polish American Heritage Month\"\nGeneral Pulaski Memorial Day on October 11 each year of his presidency. In 2017 HR1230 was submitted in the Texas Legislature by State Representative James White and it stated \"\"That the House of Representatives of the 85th Texas Legislature hereby recognize October 2017 as Polish American Heritage Month in Texas and honor the contributions of Poles and people of Polish descent to our state.\"\" Pula, James. \"\"Polish American Encyclopedia.\"\" p. 380 Polish American Heritage Month Polish American Heritage Month is an annual event celebrated in October by Polish American communities. It was first celebrated in 1981 after organization by Michael", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19381441", "chunk_text": "\"Von Steuben Day\"\nthe year; celebrations focus on parades in which participants march, dance, and play music. The German-American Steuben Parade is an annual parade traditionally held in cities across the United States on Von Steuben Day. The New York City parade is held every third Saturday in September (on the 17th in 2016, on the 16th in 2017, and on the 15th in 2018). It was founded in 1957 by immigrants from Germany who, being part of the largest self-reported immigrant ancestral group in the United States, wanted to keep the traditions of their German homeland alive. The Philadelphia parade, founded in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2538170", "chunk_text": "Homecoming\nHomecoming Homecoming is the tradition of welcoming back former students and members and celebrating an organization's existence. It is a tradition in many high schools, colleges, and churches in the United States and Canada. Homecoming (colloquially known as \"\"hoco\"\" or \"\"HoCo\"\" in some parts of the US) is an annual tradition in the United States. People, towns, high schools, and colleges come together, usually in late September or early October, to welcome back alumni and former residents. It is built around a central event, such as a banquet or dance and, most often, a game of American football, or, on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10227821", "chunk_text": "\"Korean Americans\"\nKorean Americans Korean Americans (Hangul: , Hanja: , \"\"Hangukgye Migukin\"\") are Americans of Korean heritage or descent, mostly from South Korea, and with a very small minority from North Korea, China, Japan and Post-Soviet states. The Korean American community comprises about 0.6% of the United States population, or about 1.8 million people, and is the fifth largest Asian American subgroup (which exclude some those of West Asian descent), after the Chinese American, Filipino American, Indian American, and Vietnamese American communities. The U.S. is home to the second largest Korean diaspora community in the world after the People's Republic of China.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18059332", "chunk_text": "\"White Americans\"\nWhite Americans White Americans are Americans who are descendants from any of the white racial groups of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa or in census statistics, those who self-report as white based on having majority-white ancestry. White Americans (including White Hispanics) constitute the historical and current majority of the people living in the United States, with 72% of the population in the 2010 United States Census. Non-Hispanic whites totaled about 197,285,202 or 60% of the U.S. population. European Americans are the largest ethnic group of White Americans and constitute the historical population of the United States since the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16847318", "chunk_text": "Nanomonestotse\nNanomonestotse Nanomonestotse is an autumn celebration of peace, observed within some Native American families. The word \"\"nanomónestôtse\"\" (pronounced NAH-noh-MAH-nay-STOHT-say) means \"\"peace\"\" in the Cheyenne language. Nanomonestotse traces its roots back to the early 1900s and a Native American woman named Marion Young, who is credited with passing the ideals of peace on to her descendants. Nanomonestotse Preparation begins on the third Monday of October. Nanomonestotse Celebration begins on the following Friday. Starting on Monday, family members begin several days of preparation for the celebration at the end of the week. Children build small models of traditional Native American dwellings. Adults", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4217769", "chunk_text": "\"Cherokee National Holiday\"\nSome recent themes have included: Cherokee National Holiday The Cherokee National Holiday is an annual event held each Labor Day weekend in Tahlequah, Oklahoma. The event celebrates the September 6, 1839 signing of the Constitution of the Cherokee Nation in Oklahoma after the Trail of Tears Indian removal ended. Originally began in 1953, the event has grown into one of the largest festivals in Oklahoma, attracting in excess of 70,000 attendees coming from all over the United States. Many attendees are also tribal members of the \"\"Five Civilized Tribes\"\" (the Cherokee, and also the Chickasaws, the Choctaws, Creeks, and Seminoles).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17985849", "chunk_text": "\"Algerian Americans\"\ntaught job skills, English language, the importance of Sirat al-Mustaqim and moderation, among other things. They have also trained women to balance paid work with traditional household chores. The United Amazigh Algerian, a nonreligious association based in the San Francisco bay area, also have like goal boost the Berber culture in North America and beyond. Algerian Americans Algerian Americans () are Americans of full or partial Algerian descent. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, there were 14,716 citizens of Algerian ancestry. From 1821 to 1830, 16 African immigrants arrived in the United States; from 1841 to 1850, 55 more arrived.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18348579", "chunk_text": "\"Filipino American History Month\"\n2006, when the California Department of Education placed it on its celebrations calendar. In 2009, California State Senator Leland Yee introduced a resolution, which was passed, that recognizes October as Filipino American History Month. It passed the California State Assembly and was submitted to the California Secretary of State. In 2008, Filipino-American History Month was recognized by the Hawai‘i State Legislature. Former State Representative Joey Manahan and members of the Filipino Caucus introduced the legislation “to designate the month of October as Filipino-American History Month to commemorate the contributions of Filipino-Americans to Hawaii and the United States.” The bill passed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15860326", "chunk_text": "\"Asian Americans\"\nAsian Americans Asian Americans are Americans of Asian descent. The term refers to a panethnic group that includes diverse populations, which have ancestral origins in East Asia, South Asia, or Southeast Asia, as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau. This includes people who indicate their race(s) on the census as \"\"Asian\"\" or reported entries such as \"\"Chinese, Filipino, Indian, Korean, Japanese, Vietnamese, Bangladeshi, Pakistan, and Other Asian\"\". Asian Americans with other ancestry comprise 5.6% of the U.S. population, while people who are Asian alone, and those combined with at least one other race, make up 6.9%. Although migrants from Asia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19288662", "chunk_text": "\"Ireland–United States relations\"\nUSA has played a large role in the culture of the United States. About 33.3 million Americans—10.5% of the total population—reported Irish ancestry in the 2013 American Community Survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. Irish Americans have made many contributions to American culture and sport. Halloween is thought to have evolved from the ancient Celtic/Gaelic festival of Samhain, which was introduced in the American colonies by Irish settlers. A number of the presidents of the United States have Irish origins. The extent of Irish heritage varies. For example, Chester A. Arthur's father and both of Andrew Jackson's parents were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9842138", "chunk_text": "Thanksgiving\nAmerican counterpart, it usually does not include large dinners. Many churches are decorated with autumn crops, beautifully arranged in front of the altar. In some places, there are religious processions or parades. Many Bavarian beer festivals, like the Munich Oktoberfest, take place within the vicinity of \"\"Erntedankfest.\"\" The United States has observed German-American Day annually on October 6, within the vicinity of Erntedankfest, from 1883 until the early 1910s, then again from 1983 to the present day. is a national holiday in Japan. It takes place annually on November 23. The law establishing the holiday, which was adopted during the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15711618", "chunk_text": "\"Native American Day\"\n1998, the California Assembly passed AB 1953, which made Native American Day an official state holiday, observed annually on the fourth Friday in September. In 1997, the state of Nevada also declared the Fourth Friday of September as [Nevada Indian] Native American Day. In 1989, the South Dakota legislature unanimously passed legislation proposed by Governor George S. Mickelson to proclaim 1990 as the \"\"Year of Reconciliation\"\" between Native Americans and whites, to change Columbus Day to Native American Day and to make Martin Luther King's birthday into a state holiday. Since 1990, the second Monday in October has been celebrated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9777487", "chunk_text": "\"German American National Congress\"\nGerman American National Congress The German American National Congress () (also known as DANK) is a national German-American nonprofit organization in the United States. DANK was established to unite Americans of Germanic descent, while preserving their heritage and traditions on a local and national level. With over 30 chapters and more than 100 associated members throughout the country, DANK is the largest organization of German-Americans. DANK was founded in 1959; more than a half-century later, it still actively unites German-Americans across the United States. Throughout its history the German American National Congress has had close relationships with U.S. governmental and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_354	make it or break it who goes to the olympics?	n/a	[ "Payson", "Jordan", "Lauren", "Colleen", "Kaylie" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8910161", "chunk_text": "\"Make It or Break It\"\nto help support her family, as they are struggling with debt after Payson's medical bills and training, but her parents do not want her to forfeit her eligibility for a college scholarship. Payson tells Max she loves him and begs him to forget she said anything when his feelings are not confessed to her. In the season two finale, the four girls lead the team to the World Competition in Rio de Janeiro, where they win team gold. Season Three opens with Payson, Lauren, and Kaylie heading to the American Olympic Training Center as they prepare for the 2012 London", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8910151", "chunk_text": "\"Make It or Break It\"\nover managing The Rock, as the girls are shut out of the National Team. Kaylie and Emily are kept back from a USA vs. China meet. To get The Rock girls recognized as being international standard, The Rock holds a private meet between them and the Chinese National Team. Ellen Beals pressures Kaylie not to compete, telling her she might lose and damage her profile. Ellen also blackmails Emily, telling her if she competes she will have her scholarship revoked after Ellen finds out about Emily's job at the Pizza Shack. Working together, the girls get five medals, more than", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8910162", "chunk_text": "\"Make It or Break It\"\nOlympics. They deal with a new coach and teammates, including up-and-coming gymnasts. Max and Payson have a relationship through letters; on the first day Payson receives a letter in which Max breaks up with her because he's confused. Later Payson, Lauren, Kaylie, and Austin are having a conversation based around the breakup and Austin admits to the group that Max was bisexual and that they shared a kiss on the night of the party which leaves all three girls stunned. An uninvited gymnast, Jordan Randall, convinces Coach MacIntire to let her train with the group, causing tension. Coach Mac pairs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8910164", "chunk_text": "\"Make It or Break It\"\nsecret Wendy has been hiding and exposes her, getting Wendy kicked out. The season three finale culminates with the five girls, Payson, Lauren, Kaylie, plus Jordan, and finally Colleen, being chosen to represent the U.S. in the Olympics. The following is a table with the average estimated number of viewers per episode, each season of \"\"Make It or Break It\"\" on ABC Family. Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released the first ten episodes in a set entitled \"\"Make It or Break It – Volume 1: Extended Edition\"\". Bonus material includes deleted scenes, the never-before-seen extended finale, and the featurette, \"\"Making", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8910163", "chunk_text": "\"Make It or Break It\"\nup the girls, forcing Kaylie to live and work with Kelly Parker and Lauren to work with Payson. Kelly is not good enough for the Olympics and leaves gymnastics. Austin does not make the Olympic Team and blames Kaylie. Jordan reveals that a former coach, Coach Keagan, molested her when she was young. Desperate to ensure her spot on the team, Wendy drugs Kaylie with a cold medicine containing a banned substance. After Austin and Kaylie reunite, then Lauren, Payson, and Jordan tell the NGO that they are boycotting Olympic tryouts unless Kaylie is allowed to perform. Lauren discovers the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8910155", "chunk_text": "\"Make It or Break It\"\nKaylie that she needs help. In the midseason finale, the girls compete at trials for the World Championships. Payson confronts the gymnastics committee, asking them to accept her as an artistic gymnast. Police arrive to take Emily away, as she has missed her court hearing. Kaylie collapses while competing and is rushed to the hospital. All four girls make the Worlds team. When Season Two returns, the girls cope with the loss of Sasha. After breaking down, Kaylie admits to having an eating disorder and seeks treatment. Austin supports her, and they begin a relationship. Emily is forced to wear", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8910144", "chunk_text": "\"Make It or Break It\"\ngold at the 2012 Summer Olympics. The girls have been best friends and teammates for years. They are joined by newcomer Emily Kmetko (Chelsea Hobbs), an untrained gymnastics phenomenon plucked from obscurity. It is revealed that Emily's family is struggling for money, and she has to work at Pizza Shack to keep them afloat, and receives scholarship money to do gymnastics. The Rock's Athletes compete for places on the club's team for nationals. Emily ranks third ahead of Lauren, despite Lauren's attempt to sabotage her vault. The girls' futures are thrown into turmoil when their head coach, Marty Walsh (Erik", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14485127", "chunk_text": "\"Make It or Break It\"\nthe U.S. National Team got in Beijing. In the second season, the girls are joined at The Rock by superstar male gymnast Austin Tucker (Zane Holtz). Payson refuses to accept her body has changed since her injury and is encouraged to petition to the National Team by Ellen Beals against the advice of Sasha, who thinks she is not ready. Her petition is denied, and she is heartbroken until Sasha convinces her to return, hoping to revitalize her career by transitioning her into being an artistic gymnast. Payson, whose previous style emphasized power over grace, is skeptical but comes around", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8910149", "chunk_text": "\"Make It or Break It\"\ntitle of National Champion, beating Kelly Parker. Lauren places fifth and Emily places twelfth, meaning that all three receive spots on the National Team. As season one resumes, Payson deals with what seems to be the end of her gymnastics career and dreams. Summer and Sasha begin a relationship, and Emily and Payson get closer. Payson undergoes cutting-edge surgery to fix her spine. Although the operation is successful, she does not want to return to gymnastics, fearing she will re-injure herself. Meanwhile, the three Rock girls find an enemy in the head of the National Gymnastics Committee, Ellen Beals (Michelle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8910141", "chunk_text": "\"Make It or Break It\"\nMake It or Break It Make It or Break It ( \"\"MIOBI)\"\" is an American teen/family comedy-drama television series that focused on the lives of teen gymnasts who strived to make it to the Olympic Games. The series was inspired by Touchstone's 2006 teen comedy-drama film \"\"Stick It\"\". It premiered on ABC Family on June 22, 2009, with 2.5 million viewers. The show was picked up for an additional 10 episodes on July 27, 2009, which started airing on January 4, 2010, bringing the total number of episodes in the first season to 20. In January 2010, the show was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8910156", "chunk_text": "\"Make It or Break It\"\nan ankle monitor due to her probation after being caught stealing. The other girls train for the World Gymnastics Competition, a task made harder by the presence of their arch enemy, Kelly Parker, at The Rock. Sasha returns after the girls track him down in Romania, and Lauren starts to like him better as he begins coaching her directly. While in recovery, Kaylie offers her mother's old recording studio to Emily's boyfriend Damon, who has been struggling to make an album in order to impress his new record label. After Emily witnesses Kaylie and Damon singing together at the Pizza", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8910148", "chunk_text": "\"Make It or Break It\"\nshifts at the Pizza Shack helps Emily break into the gym at night to perfect the move and prove herself to Sasha. Before nationals, Carter confesses to Kaylie that he cheated. She disappears, but Emily, Lauren and Payson find her at gymnastics camp. Lauren reveals it was her who slept with Carter, but eventually all the girls put aside their differences and return to Boulder in time to leave for nationals. Payson is favorite to win but after a fall on the uneven bars, she fractures her spine and is told she can never do gymnastics again. Kaylie receives the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13150257", "chunk_text": "\"Make It or Break It\"\nIt\"\", which shows how the stars manage the acting with the difficult stunts they do. Make It or Break It Make It or Break It ( \"\"MIOBI)\"\" is an American teen/family comedy-drama television series that focused on the lives of teen gymnasts who strived to make it to the Olympic Games. The series was inspired by Touchstone's 2006 teen comedy-drama film \"\"Stick It\"\". It premiered on ABC Family on June 22, 2009, with 2.5 million viewers. The show was picked up for an additional 10 episodes on July 27, 2009, which started airing on January 4, 2010, bringing the total", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8910159", "chunk_text": "\"Make It or Break It\"\nfame and fortune. Kelly steals Kaylie's journal and is instructed by her mother to give it to Ellen Beals. The night before Worlds, Kelly returns the journal and admits to stealing it. At a party before the team is about to head off to Worlds, Steve announces that Summer and he are planning to get married in Rio, where worlds is hosted. However, later, Summer finds out that Lauren sent in the kiss cam video and calls off the wedding, as she wants nothing to do with Lauren or Steve Tanner. At the same party, Lauren tries to convince Max", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8910146", "chunk_text": "\"Make It or Break It\"\nbut eventually agrees to come to The Rock. While Payson appreciates Sasha's experience and drive, the other girls chafe at his demanding style. Throughout the season, Emily tries to hide the fact she has to work to support her family, fearing this news could jeopardize her scholarship. Kaylie hides her relationship with Carter Anderson, another gymnast at The Rock. Lauren is hiding the fact that she has lost her virginity to Carter from Kaylie, while trying to get him to go out with her instead and struggling to fight the feeling that Summer (Candace Cameron-Bure) is trying to replace her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8910143", "chunk_text": "\"Make It or Break It\"\nFox8 in Australia, ABC Spark in Canada, RTM2 in Malaysia, and on TV2 in New Zealand. \"\"Make It or Break It\"\" was created by Holly Sorensen who, along with Paul Stupin and John Ziffren, served as the show's executive producers. The stunt doubles were former elite, Olympian or NCAA champion gymnasts. In the season one premiere, Payson Keeler (Ayla Kell), Kaylie Cruz (Josie Loren), and Lauren Tanner (Cassie Scerbo) are elite-level gymnasts. They train at one of the best gyms in the country, the fictional \"\"Rocky Mountain Gymnastics Training Center\"\" (or \"\"The Rock\"\") in Boulder, Colorado, in hopes of winning", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8910154", "chunk_text": "\"Make It or Break It\"\nand have Summer get back with her father, she leaks the first part (showing only the kiss) to Ellen Beals and deletes the later part (showing Sasha pushing Payson away). This results in Sasha being dismissed and Steve Tanner becoming president of The Rock. Summer is behind Sasha and does not believe he would act inappropriately. Sasha and Summer break up because though Sasha respects Summer's values, he does not share them. Newly minted national champion Kaylie struggles with the demands of her position and develops an eating disorder. Her parents refuse to believe it, but Austin tries to convince", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8910158", "chunk_text": "\"Make It or Break It\"\nA new gymnast, Max (Josh Bowman), comes to The Rock, attracting the attention of Lauren and Payson. Though Max seems more interested in Payson, she is more focused on her dream. Lauren tells Payson that Max is her new boyfriend; Max denies this. Max, Austin, and Payson help Kaylie train in secret, as they try to convince Sasha that Kaylie is ready to compete at Worlds. In the wake of Emily's departure, Kelly Parker becomes closer to Kaylie, despite the scheming of her stage mother, Sheila (Kathy Najimy). Kaylie offers her comfort as Kelly's mom is only supportive of Kelly's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3893985", "chunk_text": "\"Make It or Break It\"\nmother or is after her father's money. Payson has back problems and tries to conceal this from her parents and Sasha because she is desperate not to lose her chance to become National Champion and beat her rival, Kelly Parker (Nicole Gale Anderson) in a pre-nationals club meet between The Denver Elite and The Rock. While Payson manages to beat Kelly, Emily attempts a more difficult dismount on bars than the one Sasha told her to do and falls. She is banned from competing at nationals and suspended from The Rock. Damon, a friend of Razors who is covering his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8910150", "chunk_text": "\"Make It or Break It\"\nClunie), who prizes obedience to her authority and feels threatened by The Rock girls' independence. Emily wrestles with her desire to be an Olympic gymnast and her love for Damon, a co-worker at The Pizza Shack where she works. Carter is allowed back in The Rock and finds support from Lauren after she learns he is living in his car, having been kicked out of the home by his father, who does not support his gymnastics career. Payson's father is laid off from his job and has to accept another one far from Boulder. Payson's mother, Kim (Peri Gilpin) takes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8910145", "chunk_text": "\"Make It or Break It\"\nPalladino), is blackmailed out of his job at The Rock by Lauren's father Steve, who is angry that his daughter was beaten by Emily. Marty is forced to move to The Rock's rival gym in Denver, taking Lauren and other gymnasts with him. It is revealed later that Kaylie's mother (Rosa Blasi) and Marty were having an affair, and he left to keep the secret from being exposed. After a visit from Payson and others, Marty tells Steve he is in charge from now on. Steve goes in search of Sasha Belov, another gymnast. Belov tells Tanner he isn't interested,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17100063", "chunk_text": "\"Tasha Schwikert\"\non UCLA gymnastics broadcasts, and worked with NBC at the Beijing Olympics. Schwikert has worked on the television series \"\"Make It or Break It\"\" as both a stunt double and actress. Schwikert graduated from University of Nevada, Las Vegas - William S. Boyd School of Law in May 2015 and currently works as an attorney at the Las Vegas office of Holland & Hart LLP. Schwikert married professional basketball player Mike Moser in 2015. They have a daughter born in 2015. Key: AA (all-around); BB (balance beam); FX (floor exercise); VT (vault) ; UB (Uneven Bars) Tasha Schwikert Tasha Schwikert", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8910153", "chunk_text": "\"Make It or Break It\"\nand finds herself romantically attracted to Sasha. She impulsively kisses him, but he pushes her away. The Kmetko family struggles financially with the loss of Emily's scholarship, until Steve Tanner secretly organizes a private scholarship to fund her training, after beginning a relationship with Chloe. Emily's brother begins to have seizures because his prescription has not been refilled. Discovering problems with their insurance and not having money to pay for the medication, Emily steals the medication and is arrested. Lauren finds the tape of Sasha and Payson's kiss in the practice camera. In an effort to get rid of Sasha", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14069470", "chunk_text": "\"Olympic Games\"\nthe United States. It could also be because an athlete is unable to qualify from within their original country. The athlete may not qualify because there are already qualified athletes in the athlete's home country. Between 1992 and 2008, about fifty athletes emigrated to the United States to compete on the US Olympic team after having previously competed for another nation. One of the most famous cases of changing nationality for the Olympics was Zola Budd, a South African runner who emigrated to the United Kingdom because there was an apartheid-era ban on the Olympics in South Africa. Budd was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7117957", "chunk_text": "\"Chelsea Hobbs\"\nEmily Kmetko, an aspiring Olympic gymnast from the wrong side of the tracks, in ABC Family's \"\"Make It or Break It\"\". Hobbs was absent from the final 3 episodes of season 2 of \"\"Make It or Break\"\", as she and her husband were expecting their second child. In October 2011 she announced that she would not be returning for season 3. In April 2010, Hobbs (playing Courtney Haywood) and her \"\"Make It or Break It\"\" co-star Cassie Scerbo (as Hillary Swanson) guest starred on the \"\"\"\" episode \"\"Spring Breakdown\"\". In 2013, she starred in the Lifetime TV thriller \"\"The Trainer\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8367165", "chunk_text": "\"Nastia Liukin\"\ncompetitive gymnastics, Liukin had cameo roles in the April 2006 Touchstone Pictures film \"\"Stick It\"\", a 2008 episode of \"\"Gossip Girl\"\" and a quick cameo appearance on the Bravo TV show \"\"NYC Prep\"\". She has expressed a desire to become an actress in the future. Following the Beijing Olympics, Liukin appeared on many talk shows in the United States, including \"\"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\"\", \"\"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\"\" and \"\"The Oprah Winfrey Show\"\". She also appeared in the second season of \"\"Make It or Break It\"\". Liukin was on The Tour of Gymnastics Superstars, which was broadcast", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1289957", "chunk_text": "\"Béla Károlyi\"\ncancelled previously-announced plans to buy Karolyi Ranch and in January 2018 USA Gymnastics announced they were cutting ties with Karolyi Ranch altogether. Béla Károlyi was in the episode \"\"At the Edge of the Worlds\"\", in the ABC Family show \"\"Make It or Break It\"\". He portrayed Coach Sasha Belov's father. Béla Károlyi was mentioned in Sir Mix-A-Lot's song, \"\"Beepers\"\". The line in the song is: \"\"That's Attitude Adjustor, my homie...huggin' more girls than Béla Károlyi\"\". Béla Károlyi Béla Károlyi (; born September 13, 1942) is a Romanian-American gymnastics coach. Early in his coaching career he developed the Romanian centralised training", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8910160", "chunk_text": "\"Make It or Break It\"\nto have sex with her while Payson admits to Max that she thinks she might be in love with him. Max gets drunk sitting on a couch and later Austin finds him. Max explains his situation with the two girls under the influence of alcohol and Austins helps him up. Max kisses Austin drunkly and when questioned about his sexuality by Austin, Max admits that he is bisexual. He goes on a drive with Lauren, and they get into a car accident. Lauren is fine, but Max breaks his collarbone. Payson wants to go professional so she can earn money", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13274505", "chunk_text": "\"Olympic Games\"\nCzech Republic, Finland, France, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States) have participated in all twenty-three Winter Games to date. The host city for an Olympic Games is usually chosen seven to eight years ahead of their celebration. The process of selection is carried out in two phases that span a two-year period. The prospective host city applies to its country's National Olympic Committee; if more than one city from the same country submits a proposal to its NOC, the national committee typically holds an internal selection, since only one city per NOC can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18334477", "chunk_text": "\"Ayla Kell\"\nAyla Kell Ayla Marie Kell (born October 7, 1990) is an American actress. She is best known for the role of Payson Keeler in the ABC Family series \"\"Make It or Break It\"\". Kell began studying ballet at a young age and danced with the American Ballet Theatre at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood, California as Greta in \"\"The Nutcracker\"\". She completed 15 years of Royal Academy of Dance ballet training at the Los Angeles Ballet Academy and competed in the finals at the Youth America Grand Prix in New York City. She was a featured dancer at Valentio's International", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8475087", "chunk_text": "\"Stick It\"\nis next up. However, instead of vaulting, she shows her bra strap to the judges and forfeits her turn in disgust (otherwise known as a \"\"scratch\"\"). One by one, the other gymnasts follow suit, earning a string of zeroes and forcing the judges to award Mina the vault gold medal anyway. Haley's bold action sparks a movement. The gymnasts talk among themselves and realize that if they could choose the winner, the judging would be fair. They convince all the others in the competition to do the same, choosing one person from each event who they, by consensus, deem the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1403604", "chunk_text": "\"Olympic Games ceremony\"\nsome of his classmates during the earthquake. Each country's delegation is led by a sign with the name of their country and by their nation's flag. Traditionally, Greece always enters first and leads the parade because of its historical status as the progenitor of the Olympics, and the host nation enters last. All other participating teams enter after Greece and before the host nation, in order according to a language selected by the organizing committee for those games, which is usually the dominant language in the area of the host city. Announcers announce each country's name in English, French and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18334478", "chunk_text": "\"Ayla Kell\"\nCarousel in Tokyo, Japan. Kell has appeared in many international commercials for Disney, Sony, Mattel, and Pringles. In November 2014, Kell began dating actor Sterling Knight, whom she had met on the set of \"\"Melissa & Joey\"\". The couple announced their engagement in October 2018. Ayla Kell Ayla Marie Kell (born October 7, 1990) is an American actress. She is best known for the role of Payson Keeler in the ABC Family series \"\"Make It or Break It\"\". Kell began studying ballet at a young age and danced with the American Ballet Theatre at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood, California", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7467729", "chunk_text": "\"Olympic Gold (video game)\"\nathlete has a fictional name and nationality (choosing from UK, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, United States, Japan and the Unified Team, everyone with its own anthem snippet) and actual strengths and weaknesses: \"\"J. Balen\"\", for instance, is a frequent 100 m and 110 m hurdles record breaker but only an average hammer thrower. Also, each computer-controlled player seems better in a particular event depending on his country: Germans usually take the top spots in archery, Italians on swimming, Russians on pole vault, Americans on sprinting and so on. The game allows the player to practice, play mini-Olympics (where some events", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7335407", "chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Qualification\"\nthese additional ten quotas are not used, then the host (South Korea) may use them to qualify for each event, but may not qualify for the team event by use of these additional quotas. There is no individual athlete qualification to the Olympics; the choice of which athlete(s) to send to the Games is at the discretion of each country's National Olympic Committee. Each country is allowed a maximum of three entries per discipline, resulting in a maximum of 18 athletes (nine men and nine women) possible per country. According to ISU rules, countries must select their entries from among", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2786411", "chunk_text": "\"The Unlucky Winner Is...\"\nhas modified the birth date on Rodney's passport. However it turns out that the organisers, in order to allow the parents of all the children present (also competition winners) a chance to enjoy the break as well, have set up a club filled with activities for the youngsters to enjoy. As a result, Rodney is basically conscripted into the \"\"Groovy Gang\"\", a youth activity group, and is forced to undergo a week of misery as he is forced to take part in a variety of children's activities, such as skateboarding, where Rodney comes second in the contest and attending a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9711546", "chunk_text": "\"Cassie Scerbo\"\nhave won three-years in a row at Camp Spirit-Thunder. It was released direct-to-DVD in December 2007 to generally negative reviews from critics. That same year, Scerbo appeared in the Disney Channel television pilot \"\"Arwin!\"\". The pilot was filmed in late 2006 but was not picked up by Disney Channel. In September 2008, Scerbo starred in the direct-to-DVD comedy movie \"\"Soccer Mom\"\" alongside Missi Pyle and Emily Osment. In June 2009, Scerbo was cast in the ABC Family teen comedy-drama series \"\"Make It or Break It\"\" which premiered to 2.5 million viewers. Scerbo portrayed the role of a skilled gymnast named", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4377158", "chunk_text": "\"Holly Sorensen\"\nbefore having \"\"Make It or Break It\"\" produced in late 2008 and going to series, airing in 2009 to 2012. Sorensen now lives in Los Angeles with her family and most recently created the YouTube Red series \"\"\"\". Holly Sorensen Holly Sorensen is an American film producer and screenwriter. Holly Sorensen was born and raised in Montana, and was given scholarships to the Annie Wright School in Tacoma, Washington and Dartmouth College, where she studied philosophy and film. After serving stints as a personal shopper at Saks Fifth Avenue in New York, a bartender at Wrigley Field, a cook in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13623673", "chunk_text": "\"Alex Shibutani\"\nOlympic figure skaters and gymnasts from all over the world, including Yuzuru Hanyu and Mao Asada, Michelle Kwan, Kristi Yamaguchi, Brian Boitano, Javier Fernandez, Adam Rippon, Meryl Davis and Charlie White. Videos are created (including filming, editing) entirely by the Shibutanis. Their respective instagram and twitter accounts (@maiashibutani, @alexshibutani) have been tagged as accounts to follow by various media accounts including global media publications such as the New York Times as \"\"Olympian Instagram Accounts to follow\"\". The Shibutanis were guests on the Nickelodeon television show, \"\"Nicky Ricky Dicky & Dawn\"\" appearing as themselves during episode 304 broadcast in 2017. They", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16937737", "chunk_text": "\"United States at the 2018 Winter Olympics\"\nhas qualified a mixed doubles team, consisting of two athletes, as one of the seven highest ranked nations. The United States Hamilton/Hamilton pair curls out of the Madison Curling Club in Middleton, Wisconsin. They were selected by winning the 2017 United States Mixed Doubles Curling Olympic Trials. \"\"Thursday, February 8, 9:05\"\" \"\"Thursday, February 8, 20:04\"\" \"\"Friday, February 9, 8:35\"\" \"\"Friday, February 9, 13:35\"\" \"\"Saturday, February 10, 9:05\"\" \"\"Saturday, February 10, 20:04\"\" \"\"Sunday, February 11, 9:05\"\" The United States qualified 14 figure skaters (seven male and seven female), based on its placement at the 2017 World Figure Skating Championships in Helsinki,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2501631", "chunk_text": "\"Up the Down Steroid\"\nsituation to the school counselor Mr. Mackey. Jimmy begins to neglect his girlfriend and studies as a result of his steroid use. When his girlfriend grows tired of neglect and announces she is leaving him, Jimmy flies into a steroid rage and savagely attacks his girlfriend and mother. Kyle repeatedly tries to talk Cartman out of his plans but is ignored. At the Special Olympics, the prizes are given by Mark McGwire, Jason Giambi and Barry Bonds. Jimmy sets multiple records and is declared the winner. Cartman, on the other hand, is so out-of-shape that his plan fails miserably when", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5006472", "chunk_text": "\"Surfing at the 2020 Summer Olympics\"\nwould qualify as the 2nd best American surfer, with a tough competition from Lakey Peterson, Carissa Moore and Caroline Marks. However, since she now competes as a Brazilian, she would qualify as the best surfer of her birth country, with a huge advantage over the second Brazilian, Silvana Lima. There will be 20 men, and 20 women competing in the 2020 Summer Olympics, This is currently limited to high-performance shortboards only, separated into categories of gender. If surfing is included in upcoming games such as Paris 2024 or Los Angeles 2028, other categories such as Longboarding, bodyboarding and SUP maybe", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9525667", "chunk_text": "\"Getting There (film)\"\nworse luck. But it turns out that Charly, who seemed like a humble farm girl, actually lives in a mansion and owns a private jet. Charly's dad offers to fly all of the teens to Salt Lake City for the Olympics. Taylor and Kylie arrive in Utah too late for the Olympic events. Taylor is upset because she would have liked to see her favourite Athlete, Alex Reisher, compete. Nonetheless, the friends decide to make their own fun by holding their own Olympics and going skiing. While skiing Taylor and a young man end up taking the ski lift together", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8910142", "chunk_text": "\"Make It or Break It\"\nrenewed for a second season, which premiered on June 28, 2010 at 10 pm. Starting on July 13, 2010, new episodes aired following \"\"Pretty Little Liars\"\". The show's second season resumed after a six-month hiatus on March 28, 2011. The series was renewed for a third season on September 16, 2011, which premiered on March 26, 2012. It was announced on April 26, 2012, that the series had ended and the third season would be the final season. The series finale aired on May 14, 2012. Internationally, the show aired on E4 in the United Kingdom, Zee Café in India,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6553922", "chunk_text": "\"Olympic quota allocation system\"\ncountry. Snowboarding has a similar quota program to freestyle skiing, with 26 spots available per country. For the 2018 Winter Olympics the only country to fill all of its quota spots was the United States. For the 2018 Winter Olympics, a maximum of 170 athletes could compete, and a maximum of three teams per event, with the host nation allotted at least one space. Olympic quota allocation system The Olympic quota allocation system is a program designed to limit the number of athletes participating, and prevent a small number of countries from dominating the field of an Olympic event. Initially", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8475086", "chunk_text": "\"Stick It\"\nto reach Nationals. Although she did not complete the invitational, Haley continues to train and, with three of her teammates Mina (Maddy Curley), Wei Wei (Nikki SooHoo) and Joanne (Vanessa Lengies), qualifies for the National Championships. The biased judging leaves her far back in the all-around standings, but this does not keep her out of the event finals. In the first event final, vault, Mina executes an extremely difficult maneuver perfectly but receives a low score (9.500 out of 10). When Vickerman questions the judges, he learns that Mina was penalized on the technicality of showing a bra strap. Haley", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8475082", "chunk_text": "\"Stick It\"\nuntil she can enter an upcoming invitational competition. Vickerman convinces her that she can use the prize money from the competition to repay some property damage debts she still owes and leave gymnastics once and for all. Disliking the sport's rigid rules and intense training schedule, Haley is reluctant to come out of retirement. Her attitude toward her fellow gymnasts – as well as her past – causes conflicts. After getting the cold shoulder the first day at the gym, Haley realizes what she is up against. At the invitational, Haley's talent shines and her return from gymnastics retirement seems", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "714202", "chunk_text": "\"I, Tonya\"\nOlympics. Tonya finishes eighth and Nancy Kerrigan wins the silver medal. Tonya avoids jail but is banned from competitive figure skating for life. Heartbroken, she begs the judge to give her jail time but not to take away the one thing she knows how to do; the judge refuses and tells her his decision is made. Jeff acknowledges with honest regret that he ruined Tonya's career. He changes his name, remarries, opens a hair salon, divorces; he currently lives near Tonya, albeit having no contact with her, with his third wife and two children. LaVona moves to Washington state and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15125852", "chunk_text": "\"Endurance (TV series)\"\nthe Brown team starred in the movie \"\"Freedom Writers\"\". Demian Martinez was also a contestant on The N's reality show, Girls v. Boys Puerto Rico and also appeared during one episode of Scare Tactics after being set up by his mom. In 2012, Tom Maden is playing Rigo in season 3 of the ABC Family show Make it or Break it and starred as Jake Fitzgerald in the MTV series \"\"Scream\"\". In November 2015, Alex Reid joined BP RaNia, a South Korean girl group. The eight teams competing were (in order of elimination): Notes Returning to California for the next", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4775165", "chunk_text": "\"Bob Ctvrtlik\"\nan avid skier, basketball player and tennis player. He and his wife, Cosette, have three sons – Josef, Erik, and Matthew. The family resides on Balboa Island, Newport Beach, California. Erik and Josef, a member of Corona del Mar's varsity team, continue to play volleyball. His son Matthew, who also played for Corona del Mar, will be playing for Harvard starting in fall. Bob Ctvrtlik Robert Jan \"\"Bob\"\" Ctvrtlik (; born July 8, 1963) is an American volleyball player, Olympic gold medalist, businessman and former member of the International Olympic Committee. He is a 1985 graduate of Pepperdine University. Bob", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_355	element named after fictional planet from which superman came?	n/a	[ "Kryptonite" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19657482", "chunk_text": "\"Krypton (comics)\"\nthe 2007 novel \"\"The Last Days of Krypton\"\". Krypton (comics) Krypton is a fictional planet appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The planet is the native world of Superman and is named after the element krypton. The planet was created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster, and was first referred to in \"\"Action Comics\"\" #1 (June 1938). The planet made its first full appearance in \"\"Superman\"\" #1 (summer 1939). Krypton is also the native world of Supergirl, Krypto the Superdog, and Power Girl (in her case, an alternate-universe version designated \"\"Krypton-Two\"\"). It has been consistently described as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18809383", "chunk_text": "\"Krypton (comics)\"\nKrypton (comics) Krypton is a fictional planet appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The planet is the native world of Superman and is named after the element krypton. The planet was created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster, and was first referred to in \"\"Action Comics\"\" #1 (June 1938). The planet made its first full appearance in \"\"Superman\"\" #1 (summer 1939). Krypton is also the native world of Supergirl, Krypto the Superdog, and Power Girl (in her case, an alternate-universe version designated \"\"Krypton-Two\"\"). It has been consistently described as having been destroyed shortly after Superman's flight from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3662415", "chunk_text": "\"Trivial name\"\nspectrum of the sun (it is not known why the suffix \"\"-ium\"\", which is used for metals, was chosen). The other noble gases are neon (\"\"new\"\"), argon (\"\"slow, lazy\"\"), krypton (\"\"hidden\"\"), xenon (\"\"stranger\"\"), and radon (\"\"from radium\"\"). Many more elements have been given names that have little or nothing to do with their properties. Elements have been named for celestial bodies (helium, selenium, tellurium, for the sun, moon, and earth; cerium and palladium for Ceres and Pallas, two asteroids). They have been named for mythological figures, including Titans in general (titanium) and Prometheus in particular (promethium); Roman and Greek gods", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14054683", "chunk_text": "Neptunium\nNeptunium Neptunium is a chemical element with symbol Np and atomic number 93. A radioactive actinide metal, neptunium is the first transuranic element. Its position in the periodic table just after uranium, named after the planet Uranus, led to it being named after Neptune, the next planet beyond Uranus. A neptunium atom has 93 protons and 93 electrons, of which seven are valence electrons. Neptunium metal is silvery and tarnishes when exposed to air. The element occurs in three allotropic forms and it normally exhibits five oxidation states, ranging from +3 to +7. It is radioactive, poisonous, pyrophoric, and can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20098225", "chunk_text": "\"Naming of chemical elements\"\nplanets, dwarf planets, a few asteroids, our star, our planet, and our Moon. Uranium, neptunium, plutonium, cerium, and palladium were named after Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, Ceres, and Pallas respectively, which were at the time of their naming all considered to be planets. (Today, Pluto and Ceres are considered to be dwarf planets, and Pallas is considered to be an asteroid.) The name of the element selenium came from the Greek word for the Moon (Σελήνη, \"\"Selene\"\"). The name helium comes from the Greek word for the Sun (Ἢλιος, \"\"Helios\"\"). This is because the first evidence for helium was in distinctive,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20098224", "chunk_text": "\"Naming of chemical elements\"\nplaces. The naming of elements from astronomical objects stems from the ancient association of metals with the various planets and their gods, as follows: mercury with the fast-moving planet Mercury; copper with the brilliant, beautiful planet Venus; iron with Mars (named for the Roman god of war); tin with Jupiter (named for the Roman king of the gods); and lead with the slow-moving planet Saturn (named for the ancient, slow god who was the father of Jupiter). The Sun and the Moon were associated with gold and silver, respectively. A few other elements are directly named for astronomical bodies, including", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10076262", "chunk_text": "\"Trivial name\"\ntrivial, some originating in alchemy. IUPAC has accepted these names, but has also defined systematic names of elements that have not yet been prepared. It has adopted a procedure by which the scientists who are credited with preparing an element can propose a new name. Once the IUPAC has accepted such a (trivial) name, it replaces the systematic name. Nine elements were known by the Middle Ages – gold, silver, tin, mercury, copper, lead, iron, sulfur, and carbon. Mercury was named after the planet, but its symbol was derived from the Latin \"\"hydrargyrum\"\", which itself comes from the greek \"\"υδράργυρος\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10110403", "chunk_text": "Hesperium\nnuclear fission in 1938, it was realized that Fermi's hesperium was a mixture of barium, krypton and other elements. The actual element was discovered several years later, and named plutonium. Fascist authorities wanted one of the elements to be named \"\"littorio\"\" after the Roman \"\"lictores\"\" who carried the \"\"fasces\"\", a symbol appropriated by Fascism. Hesperium Hesperium (also known as esperium; atomic symbol Es) was the name assigned to the element with atomic number 94, now known as plutonium. It was named in Italian \"\"Esperio\"\" after a Greek name of Italy, Hesperia, \"\"the land of the West\"\". The same team assigned", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3320813", "chunk_text": "Kryptonite\n\"\"The K-Metal from Krypton\"\", written by Superman creator Jerry Siegel, featured a prototype of kryptonite. It was a mineral from the planet Krypton that drained Superman of his strength while giving superhuman powers to mortals. This story was rejected because in it Superman reveals his identity to Lois. The mineral known as kryptonite was introduced in the radio serial \"\"The Adventures of Superman\"\", in the story \"\"The Meteor from Krypton\"\", broadcast in June 1943. An apocryphal story claims that kryptonite was introduced to give Superman's voice actor, Bud Collyer, the possibility to take a vacation at a time when the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "279896", "chunk_text": "\"Rao (comics)\"\nRao (comics) Rao is a fictional star in the DC Comics Universe. It is the red supergiant (in some continuities, red dwarf) that the planet Krypton orbited. The title also refers to a supervillain of the same name and same Kryptonian etymology. He is also the ancestor of Superman in all continuities. \"\"Rao\"\" is also later written into the Superman mythology as the name of a Kryptonian deity, the personification of their sun, worshipped as a god of light and life. As such the name was sometimes invoked in the comics as a Kryptonian exclamation. For instance, 'By Rao, that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2815981", "chunk_text": "\"Origin of Superman\"\nmini-series in 2009 and 2010. While the individual details vary, certain key elements have remained consistent in almost all retellings. Superman is born Kal-El on the alien planet Krypton. His parents, Jor-El and Lara become aware of Krypton's impending destruction and Jor-El begins constructing a spacecraft to carry Kal-El to Earth. During Krypton's last moments, Jor-El places young Kal-El in the spacecraft and launches it. Jor-El and Lara die as the spacecraft barely escapes Krypton's fate. The explosion transforms planetary debris into kryptonite, a radioactive substance that is lethal to superpowered (as by Earth's yellow sun) Kryptonians. The spacecraft lands", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11584080", "chunk_text": "\"Period 5 element\"\nKlaproth named the new element in 1798 after the Latin word for \"\"earth\"\", \"\"tellus\"\". Gold telluride minerals (responsible for the name of Telluride, Colorado) are the most notable natural gold compounds. However, they are not a commercially significant source of tellurium itself, which is normally extracted as by-product of copper and lead production. Tellurium is commercially primarily used in alloys, foremost in steel and copper to improve machinability. Applications in solar panels and as a semiconductor material also consume a considerable fraction of tellurium production. Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. The name", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5039169", "chunk_text": "\"Trivial name\"\n(uranium, neptunium, and plutonium) and their descendents (tantalum for Tantalus, a son of Zeus, and niobium for Niobe, a daughter of Tantalus); and Norse deities (vanadium for the goddess Vanadis and thorium for the god Thor). Some elements were named for aspects of the history of their discovery. In particular, technetium and promethium were so named because the first samples detected were artificially synthesised; neither of the two has any isotope sufficiently stable to occur in nature on Earth in significant quantities. The connection to the Titan Prometheus was that he had been fabled to have stolen fire from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6341905", "chunk_text": "Ausonium\nin 1938, it was realized that Fermi's discovery was actually a mixture of barium, krypton, and other elements. The actual element was discovered several years later, and assigned the name neptunium. Fascist authorities wanted one of the elements to be named \"\"littorio\"\" after the Roman \"\"lictores\"\" who carried the \"\"fasces\"\", a symbol appropriated by Fascism. Ausonium Ausonium (atomic symbol Ao) was the name assigned to the element with atomic number 93, now known as neptunium. It was named after a Greek name of Italy, Ausonia. The same team assigned the name hesperium to element 94, after Hesperia, a poetic name", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10110402", "chunk_text": "Hesperium\nHesperium Hesperium (also known as esperium; atomic symbol Es) was the name assigned to the element with atomic number 94, now known as plutonium. It was named in Italian \"\"Esperio\"\" after a Greek name of Italy, Hesperia, \"\"the land of the West\"\". The same team assigned the name ausonium to element 93, after Ausonia, a poetic name of Italy. By comparison, uranium, the heaviest of the primordial elements, has atomic number 92. The discovery of the element, now discredited, was claimed by Enrico Fermi and a team of scientists at the University of Rome in 1934. Following the discovery of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19657474", "chunk_text": "\"Krypton (comics)\"\nplanet was pulled into the sun and steadily crushed, then exploded in the ensuing supernova. When Krypton was destroyed, fragments from the planet were launched into space, resulting in the creation of a harmful radioactive substance known as kryptonite. Both Jor-El and Lara preserved some part of their \"\"essence\"\" (in the form of virtual copies of themselves) in the starship that took three years to bring their child to Earth. On Clark Kent's eighteenth birthday, a glowing crystal revealed itself in the ship and compelled Clark to take it north. He eventually reached the Arctic, where the crystal constructed the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7017624", "chunk_text": "\"Maurice Cass\"\nMaurice Cass Maurice Cass (October 12, 1884 – June 8, 1954) was a character actor in numerous films and television shows. Born in Lithuania, he moved to the US to pursue an acting career. His slight build, frizzy hair and pince-nez glasses cast him as the \"\"absent minded professor\"\" or eccentric scientist type in many of his films, such as the character who discovers the element kryptonite in \"\"Adventures of Superman. He is best remembered for his role as Professor Newton in the 1954 TV science fiction show \"\"Rocky Jones, Space Ranger\"\". He died of a heart attack at age", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5424359", "chunk_text": "Jadarite\npermits will begin. The entire enterprise was named \"\"Project Jadar\"\". Jadarite's chemical formula is similar but not identical to the formula (\"\"sodium lithium boron silicate hydroxide with fluorine\"\") invented for the fictional substance kryptonite in the 2006 film \"\"Superman Returns\"\". This coincidence attracted mass-media attention in 2007, shortly after jadarite's discovery.. The new mineral, unlike the fictional material in the movie, does not contain fluorine, and does not glow green. Jadarite Jadarite is a white, earthy monoclinic silicate mineral, whose chemical formula is LiNaSiBO(OH) or NaOLiO(SiO)(BO)HO. Jadarite was discovered in December 2004, in drill core from the Jadar Valley ()", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3738968", "chunk_text": "\"Group 12 element\"\n\"\"water-silver\"\" (hydr- = water, argyros = silver) — since it is liquid like water and shiny like silver. The element was named after the Roman god Mercury, known for speed and mobility. It is associated with the planet Mercury; the astrological symbol for the planet is also one of the alchemical symbols for the metal. Mercury is the only metal for which the alchemical planetary name became the common name. The heaviest known group 12 element, copernicium, was first created on February 9, 1996, at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany, by Sigurd Hofmann, Victor Ninov et al.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3320812", "chunk_text": "Kryptonite\nKryptonite Kryptonite is a material that appears primarily in Superman stories. In its most well-known form, it is a green, crystalline material that emits a peculiar radiation that weakens and sickens Superman, but is generally harmless to humans when exposed to it in short term. However, when it gets into their bloodstream it can poison them. There are other varieties of kryptonite such as red and gold kryptonite which have different but still generally negative effects on Superman. Due to Superman's popularity \"\"kryptonite\"\" has become a byword for an extraordinary weakness, synonymous with \"\"Achilles' heel\"\". An unpublished 1940 story titled", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3933958", "chunk_text": "Krypton\nKrypton Krypton (from \"\"the hidden one\"\") is a chemical element with symbol Kr and atomic number 36. It is a member of group 18 (noble gases) elements. A colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas, krypton occurs in trace amounts in the atmosphere and is often used with other rare gases in fluorescent lamps. With rare exceptions, krypton is chemically inert. Krypton, like the other noble gases, is used in lighting and photography. Krypton light has many spectral lines, and krypton plasma is useful in bright, high-powered gas lasers (krypton ion and excimer lasers), each of which resonates and amplifies a single", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14125057", "chunk_text": "\"Edwin McMillan\"\nelements, proved beyond all doubt that a new element had been discovered. McMillan and Abelson published their results in an article entitled \"\"Radioactive Element 93\"\" in the \"\"Physical Review\"\" on May 27, 1940. They did not propose a name for the element in the article, but they soon decided on \"\"neptunium\"\", since uranium had been named after the planet Uranus, and Neptune is the next planet beyond in our solar system. McMillan suddenly departed at this point, leaving Glenn Seaborg to pursue this line of research, which led to the second transuranium element, plutonium. In 1951, McMillan shared the Nobel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5045063", "chunk_text": "\"Period 3 element\"\nits discovery: silicon was first prepared and characterized in pure form in 1824, and given the name silicium (from , flints), with an -ium word-ending to suggest a metal. However, its final name, suggested in 1831, reflects the more physically similar elements carbon and boron. Silicon is the eighth most common element in the universe by mass, but very rarely occurs as the pure free element in nature. It is most widely distributed in dusts, sands, planetoids, and planets as various forms of silicon dioxide (silica) or silicates. Over 90% of the Earth's crust is composed of silicate minerals, making", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18563410", "chunk_text": "Kryptonian\nKryptonian Kryptonians are a fictional extraterrestrial race of humanoids within the DC Comics universe that originated on the planet Krypton. The term originated from the stories of DC Comics superhero, Superman. The stories also use \"\"Kryptonian\"\" as an adjective to refer to anything created by or associated with the planet itself or the cultures that existed on it. Members of the dominant species of the planet Krypton are indistinguishable from humans in terms of their appearance; their physiology and genetics; however, they are vastly different. In some continuities Kryptonians are difficult to clone because their DNA is so complex that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19657466", "chunk_text": "\"Krypton (comics)\"\na new retelling of Superman's origin and early years, Mark Waid located Krypton in the Andromeda Galaxy 2.5 million light-years away, and adopted elements from several previous versions of the planet. Although usually depicted as a red giant or red supergiant, in this story Rao is mentioned by Jor-El to be a red dwarf. In previous comic versions, it was assumed the \"\"S\"\" shield on Superman's costume simply stood for \"\"Superman\"\"; in \"\"Birthright\"\", Waid presented it as a Kryptonian symbol of hope; he borrowed and modified a concept from \"\"Superman: The Movie\"\", wherein the \"\"S\"\" was the symbol of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "847258", "chunk_text": "Chalcogen\nwas associated with metals and metal-bearing rock in general; copper, and its alloy bronze, was one of the first metals to be used by humans. Oxygen's name comes from the Greek words \"\"oxy genes\"\", meaning \"\"acid-forming\"\". Sulfur's name comes from either the Latin word \"\"sulfurium\"\" or the Sanskrit word \"\"sulvere\"\"; both of those terms are ancient words for sulfur. Selenium is named after the Greek goddess of the moon, Selene, to match the previously-discovered element tellurium, whose name comes from the Latin word \"\"telus\"\", meaning earth. Polonium is named after Marie Curie's country of birth, Poland. Livermorium is named for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20098222", "chunk_text": "\"Naming of chemical elements\"\nafter Amerigo Vespucci The non-transuranic element samarium is named after Vasili Samarsky-Bykhovets, and gadolinium is indirectly named (via the mineral gadolinite), after Johan Gadolin. Lecoq de Boisbaudran, who named the element gallium after his native land of France (from Latin \"\"Gallia\"\" meaning Gaul) denied that the element's naming was for a pun on his own name (\"\"le coq\"\" means \"\"the rooster\"\" in French, as does \"\"gallus\"\" in Latin). Some chemical elements are named after places on the planet earth. Five are named after currently existing countries – polonium (named after Poland), francium and gallium (named after France), nihonium (named after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8911937", "chunk_text": "Daxam\nstasis, for unknown purposes. The name of the Marvel Comics planet Dakkam (home of Wundarr the Aquarian, who was created as a deliberate Superman pastiche) is based on \"\"Daxam\"\". In the TV series \"\"Supergirl\"\", Daxam was a nearby planet to Krypton that was rendered uninhabitable when Krypton exploded. A survivor, Mon-El, escaped to Earth using a Kryptonian pod. Although it was thought to be destroyed, it was later revealed that the population survived, led by Mon-El's mother Rhea, who brought them to Earth to create \"\"New Daxam\"\" on Earth. Daxam Daxam is a fictional planet within the DC Universe. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20846539", "chunk_text": "Cerium\nintermediate-valence compounds. The 4f electron in cerocene, Ce(CH), is poised ambiguously between being localized and delocalized and this compound is also considered intermediate-valent. Cerium was discovered in Bastnäs in Sweden by Jöns Jakob Berzelius and Wilhelm Hisinger, and independently in Germany by Martin Heinrich Klaproth, both in 1803. Cerium was named by Berzelius after the dwarf planet Ceres, discovered two years earlier. The dwarf planet itself is named after the Roman goddess of agriculture, grain crops, fertility and motherly relationships, Ceres. Cerium was originally isolated in the form of its oxide, which was named \"\"ceria\"\", a term that is still", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19657472", "chunk_text": "\"Krypton (comics)\"\nof our Solar System, a Counter-Earth sharing Earth's orbit but on the opposite side of the Sun, hidden from view of the Earth (\"\"Krypton\"\" derives from the Greek word for \"\"hidden\"\"). Some comics of the early 1950s suggested a similar theory, but in general the comics have depicted Krypton as being in a far-away star system. In the first feature-length \"\"Superman\"\" film in 1978, a vastly less idyllic image of Krypton was presented. Whereas in the comics Krypton was colorful and bright, the film depicted the planet with stark bluish-white terrain of jagged frozen plateaus under heavy, dark skies. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20982469", "chunk_text": "\"Lawrence E. Glendenin\"\nextraction from fission products and by bombarding neodymium with neutrons. They isolated it using ion-exchange chromatography. Publication of the finding was delayed until later due to the war. In September 1947, Marinsky and Glendenin announced the discovery at a meeting of the American Chemical Society. Upon the suggestion of Coryell's wife, the team named the new element for the titan Prometheus, who stole fire from the gods and was punished for the act by Zeus. They had also considered naming it \"\"clintonium\"\" for the facility where it was isolated. In 1945, Glendenin and 154 other Manhattan Project scientists signed the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19831029", "chunk_text": "\"Classical planet\"\nEnglish days of the week were inherited from gods of the old Germanic Norse culture — Wednesday is \"\"Wōden\"\"’s-day (\"\"Wōden\"\" or \"\"Wettin\"\" eqv. Mercury), Thursday is \"\"Thor\"\"’s-day (Thor eqv. Jupiter), Friday is \"\"Frige\"\"-day (Frig eqv. Venus). It can be correlated that the Norse gods were attributed to each Roman planet and its god, probably due to Roman influence rather than coincidentally by the naming of the planets. In alchemy, each classical planet (Moon, Mercury, Venus, Sun, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn) was associated with one of the seven metals known to the classical world (silver, mercury/quicksilver, copper, gold, iron, tin and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14334731", "chunk_text": "Unobtainium\nand converting heat and pressure into energy in the film \"\"The Core\"\" (2003) was nicknamed \"\"unobtainium\"\", but the concept under different names can be seen in the anti-gravity material cavorite from H. G. Wells' 1901 novel \"\"The First Men in the Moon\"\", as well as the super-strong material scrith from Larry Niven's novel \"\"Ringworld\"\", which requires a tensile strength (i.e. chemical bonds) on the order of the force binding an atomic nucleus. The term was used in James Cameron's 2009 movie \"\"Avatar\"\", as a substance that was named (in the film's dialog) \"\"unobtanium\"\" (note the slightly different spelling). In the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18843141", "chunk_text": "Niobe\nmythology have the same name (\"\"see Niobe (disambiguation)\"\") and the name occurs in several works of the 19th century. More recently, one of the characters in the films \"\"The Matrix Reloaded\"\" and \"\"The Matrix Revolutions\"\" was also named Niobe. A character named Niobe also appeared in the Rome TV series. The element niobium was so named as an extension of the inspiration which had led earlier to the naming of the element tantalum by Anders Gustaf Ekeberg. On the basis of his argument according to which there were two different elements in the tantalite sample, Heinrich Rose named them after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7140062", "chunk_text": "Transilvane\nTransilvane Transilvane is a fictional small artificial planet with two horn-like protuberances in the . It was created by Jack Kirby in \"\"Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen\"\" #142 and #143 (October–November 1971). Transilvane's official name was \"\"E.T.A.S.\"\" (Extraterrestrial Artificial Simulation). It was created at the behest of NASA to simulate and study extraterrestrial environments, with an eye towards long-term human colonization. When the project ran out of government funding, Dabney Donovan seeded the planet with miniature lifeforms and used orbiting Movie projectors to project horror films on the planet's clouds. As a result, the Transilvanians assumed the shapes and habits of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18563435", "chunk_text": "Kryptonian\nUs\"\", General Zod appears as a DLC character, though he plays no role in the game's story. In \"\"Injustice 2\"\", Power Girl appears as a alternate character skin for Supergirl, though she does not appear in the main story and originates from Earth-2. Kryptonian Kryptonians are a fictional extraterrestrial race of humanoids within the DC Comics universe that originated on the planet Krypton. The term originated from the stories of DC Comics superhero, Superman. The stories also use \"\"Kryptonian\"\" as an adjective to refer to anything created by or associated with the planet itself or the cultures that existed on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15102885", "chunk_text": "Kryptonite\nPal, Jimmy Olsen\"\" #126 (Jan. 1970)) and \"\"Blood\"\" (\"\"52\"\" #13 (Aug. 2006)). Columbia Pictures produced two 15-part motion picture serials that used kryptonite as a plot device: \"\"Superman\"\" (1948) and \"\"Atom Man vs. Superman\"\" (1950). Songs: Kryptonite Kryptonite is a material that appears primarily in Superman stories. In its most well-known form, it is a green, crystalline material that emits a peculiar radiation that weakens and sickens Superman, but is generally harmless to humans when exposed to it in short term. However, when it gets into their bloodstream it can poison them. There are other varieties of kryptonite such as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1592682", "chunk_text": "Plutonium\nPlutonium was first produced and isolated on December 14, 1940, by a deuteron bombardment of uranium-238 in the 1.5 metre (60 in) cyclotron at the University of California, Berkeley. First neptunium-238 (half-life 2.1 days) was synthesized which subsequently beta-decayed to form this new element with atomic number 94 and atomic weight 238 (half-life 87.7 years). Since uranium had been named after the planet Uranus and neptunium after the planet Neptune, element 94 was named after Pluto, which at the time was considered to be a planet as well. Wartime secrecy prevented its discovery being announced until 1948. Plutonium is the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13042193", "chunk_text": "Inertron\nsimilar to that used in the DC universe, in that it was difficult to obtain and virtually indestructible. Nowlan's inertron was also a perfect gravity shield so that any material above it would be weightless, a characteristic similar to H. G. Wells' cavorite. According to \"\"Armageddon 2419 A.D.\"\": Inertron Inertron is a fictional metallic chemical substance found in the DC Comics Legion of Super-Heroes universe. It is the hardest, densest substance in the DC universe, and is often used by the Legion of Super-Heroes in the 30th century. The first mention of inertron was in \"\"Adventure Comics\"\" #336. Inertron is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7017625", "chunk_text": "\"Maurice Cass\"\n69 while the Rocky Jones show was still in production; his Professor Newton character was replaced by a new character, Professor Mayberry. Maurice Cass Maurice Cass (October 12, 1884 – June 8, 1954) was a character actor in numerous films and television shows. Born in Lithuania, he moved to the US to pursue an acting career. His slight build, frizzy hair and pince-nez glasses cast him as the \"\"absent minded professor\"\" or eccentric scientist type in many of his films, such as the character who discovers the element kryptonite in \"\"Adventures of Superman. He is best remembered for his role", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9942961", "chunk_text": "Kryptonopolis\nan escape rocket for his young son. Jor-El launches Kal-El (the future Superman) into space shortly before the destruction of Krypton. Kryptonopolis is also destroyed in the explosion. Unlike the cities of Kandor and Argo, which are Kryptonian words, \"\"Kryptonopolis\"\" is an anglicisation. The suffix \"\"\"\"opolis\"\"\"\" comes from the Greek word \"\"polis\"\", meaning city, and can be seen in the names of modern Earth cities such as Annapolis, Minneapolis, Indianapolis and even Superman's home of Metropolis. How the city was spoken of in the alien language of Krypton has yet to be addressed. In \"\"Superman\"\" #200 (October 1967), an imaginary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8965639", "chunk_text": "Krypton\nlocality of a leak) causes narcosis in humans similar to breathing air at four times atmospheric pressure. This is comparable to scuba diving at a depth of (see nitrogen narcosis) and could affect anyone breathing it. At the same time, that mixture would contain only 10% oxygen (rather than the normal 20%) and hypoxia would be a greater concern. Krypton Krypton (from \"\"the hidden one\"\") is a chemical element with symbol Kr and atomic number 36. It is a member of group 18 (noble gases) elements. A colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas, krypton occurs in trace amounts in the atmosphere", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20960556", "chunk_text": "\"Ceres (mythology)\"\nCapitol and the Vermont State House serving as a reminder of the importance of agriculture in the states' economies and histories. There is also a statue of her on top of the Chicago Board of Trade Building, which conducts trading in agricultural commodities. The dwarf planet Ceres (discovered 1801), is named after this goddess. And in turn, the chemical element cerium (discovered 1803) was named after the dwarf planet. A poem about Ceres and humanity features in Dmitri's confession to his brother Alexei in Dostoevsky's \"\"The Brothers Karamazov\"\", Part 1, Book 3, Chapter 3. Ceres appears as a character in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5039170", "chunk_text": "\"Trivial name\"\ngods for mankind. Discoverers of some elements named them after their home country or city. Marie Curie named polonium after Poland; ruthenium, gallium, germanium, and lutetium were based on the Latin names for Russia, France, Germany, and Paris. Other elements are named after the place where they were discovered. Four elements, terbium, erbium, ytterbium, and yttrium were named after a Swedish village Ytterby, where ores containing them were extracted. Other elements named after places are magnesium (after Magnesia), strontium, scandium, europium, thulium (after an old Roman name for the far north of Scandinavia), holmium, copper (derived from Cyprus, where it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14393258", "chunk_text": "Pluto\nIn 1930, Walt Disney was apparently inspired by it when he introduced for Mickey Mouse a canine companion named Pluto, although Disney animator Ben Sharpsteen could not confirm why the name was given. In 1941, Glenn T. Seaborg named the newly created element plutonium after Pluto, in keeping with the tradition of naming elements after newly discovered planets, following uranium, which was named after Uranus, and neptunium, which was named after Neptune. Most languages use the name \"\"Pluto\"\" in various transliterations. In Japanese, Houei Nojiri suggested the translation , and this was borrowed into Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese (which instead", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "691733", "chunk_text": "Coronium\nCoronium Coronium, also called newtonium, was the name of a suggested chemical element, hypothesised in the 19th century. The name, inspired by the solar corona, was given by A. Gruenwald in 1887. A new atomic thin green line in the solar corona was then considered to be emitted a new element unlike anything else seen under laboratory conditions. Because of this it was also mis-classified as Iron Line Number 1474. During the total solar eclipse of 7 August 1869, a green emission line of wavelength 530.3 nm was independently observed by Charles Augustus Young (1834–1908) and William Harkness (1837–1903) in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8366556", "chunk_text": "\"The K-Metal from Krypton\"\nThe K-Metal from Krypton \"\"The K-Metal from Krypton\"\" is an unpublished Superman story written by Jerry Siegel in 1940 and originally illustrated by the Joe Shuster Studio. The reason why National Comics (later to become DC Comics) never published the story is not known. This storyline features the precursor to Kryptonite called \"\"K-Metal\"\" and Lois learning that Clark Kent is Superman. Like all Superman stories of the 1940s, the adventure originally had no title. The earliest known occurrence of the name \"\"The K-Metal from Krypton\"\" for the tale was in Gerard Jones' 2004 book \"\"Men of Tomorrow\"\". The story remained", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12762819", "chunk_text": "\"Period 5 element\"\nand because of its rarity, rhodium is usually alloyed with platinum or palladium and applied in high-temperature and corrosion-resistive coatings. White gold is often plated with a thin rhodium layer to improve its optical impression while sterling silver is often rhodium plated for tarnish resistance. Rhodium detectors are used in nuclear reactors to measure the neutron flux level. Palladium is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Pd and an atomic number of 46. It is a rare and lustrous silvery-white metal discovered in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston. He named it after the asteroid Pallas, which was itself named", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3933961", "chunk_text": "Krypton\nÅ = 10 m. The krypton-86 definition lasted until the October 1983 conference, which redefined the meter as the distance that light travels in vacuum during 1/299,792,458 s. Krypton is characterized by several sharp emission lines (spectral signatures) the strongest being green and yellow. Krypton is one of the products of uranium fission. Solid krypton is white and has a face-centered cubic crystal structure, which is a common property of all noble gases (except helium, which has a hexagonal close-packed crystal structure). Naturally occurring krypton in Earth's atmosphere is composed of five stable isotopes, plus one isotope (Kr) with such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6053454", "chunk_text": "\"Uncleftish Beholding\"\n\"\"firststuffs\"\" (chemical elements), such as \"\"waterstuff\"\" (hydrogen), \"\"sourstuff\"\" (oxygen), and \"\"ymirstuff\"\" (uranium), as well as \"\"bulkbits\"\" (molecules), \"\"bindings\"\" (compounds), and several other terms important to \"\"uncleftish worldken\"\" (atomic physics). ' and ' are the modern German words for hydrogen and oxygen, and in Dutch the modern equivalents are ' and '. \"\"Sunstuff\"\" refers to helium, which derives from , the Ancient Greek word for \"\"sun\"\". \"\"Ymirstuff\"\" references Ymir, a giant in Norse mythology similar to Uranus in Greek mythology. The vocabulary used in \"\"Uncleftish Beholding\"\" does not completely derive from Anglo-Saxon. \"\"Around\"\", from Old French ' (Modern French '), has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_356	who plays red on orange is new black?	n/a	[ "\"Kate\" Mulgrew" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14937462", "chunk_text": "\"Natasha Lyonne\"\nadmitted to the Caron Foundation, a drug and alcohol treatment center, and appeared in court afterwards. A judge sentenced her to conditional discharge. Lyonne underwent open heart surgery to correct damage caused by her heart infection. She recovered from the surgery, and discussed her past health problems on \"\"The Rosie Show\"\" in March 2012. She has been in a relationship with \"\"Saturday Night Live\"\" alum Fred Armisen since 2014. Natasha Lyonne Natasha Lyonne (born April 4, 1979), is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Nicky Nichols on the Netflix series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "565561", "chunk_text": "\"Taylor Schilling\"\ndon’t fit into a box — that’s too reductive … I’ve had a lot of love, and I don’t have any qualms about where it comes from.\"\" Schilling practices Transcendental Meditation. Taylor Schilling Taylor Schilling (born July 27, 1984) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Piper Chapman on the Netflix original comedy-drama series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\" (2013–present), for which she received a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series and two Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy and Best", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20977248", "chunk_text": "\"Kate Mulgrew\"\nKate Mulgrew Katherine Kiernan Maria Mulgrew (born April 29, 1955) is an American actress. She is known for the roles of Captain Kathryn Janeway on \"\"\"\" and Galina \"\"Red\"\" Reznikov on \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\". She first came to attention in the role of Mary Ryan on the daytime soap opera \"\"Ryan's Hope\"\". Mulgrew has won an Obie Award, and has received a Golden Globe Award and Primetime Emmy Award nomination. She is an active member of the Alzheimer's Association National Advisory Council and the voice of Cleveland's MetroHealth System. Mulgrew was born in 1955 in Dubuque, Iowa, into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "565556", "chunk_text": "\"Taylor Schilling\"\nTaylor Schilling Taylor Schilling (born July 27, 1984) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Piper Chapman on the Netflix original comedy-drama series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\" (2013–present), for which she received a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series and two Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy and Best Actress – Television Series Drama. She made her film debut in the 2007 drama \"\"Dark Matter\"\". Schilling also starred in the short-lived NBC medical drama \"\"Mercy\"\" (2009–10). Her other films include", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7890826", "chunk_text": "\"Alysia Reiner\"\nAlysia Reiner Alysia Reiner (born July 21, 1970) is an American actress and producer. Reiner is best known for playing Natalie \"\"Fig\"\" Figueroa in the Netflix comedy drama series, \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\" (2013–present) for which she won a Screen Actors Guild Award for her role as part of the ensemble cast. Reiner starred in and produced the financial drama, EQUITY, which was bought at Sundance by Sony Pictures Classics and was released nationwide. It is now being developed into a TV series by Tri-Star and ABC. Reiner has appeared in several Off-Broadway plays and won an Obie Award", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "516904", "chunk_text": "\"Alysia Reiner\"\nAmnesty International, and Cool Effect. Reiner is Jewish. Alysia Reiner Alysia Reiner (born July 21, 1970) is an American actress and producer. Reiner is best known for playing Natalie \"\"Fig\"\" Figueroa in the Netflix comedy drama series, \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\" (2013–present) for which she won a Screen Actors Guild Award for her role as part of the ensemble cast. Reiner starred in and produced the financial drama, EQUITY, which was bought at Sundance by Sony Pictures Classics and was released nationwide. It is now being developed into a TV series by Tri-Star and ABC. Reiner has appeared in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7563303", "chunk_text": "\"Jessica Pimentel\"\nJessica Pimentel Jessica Pimentel (born September 20, 1982) is an American actress and musician. She is best known for her role as Maria Ruiz on the Netflix original series \"\"Orange Is the New Black.\"\" She is also the lead singer of the heavy metal band Alekhine's Gun and backing vocalist in the band Brujeria. Pimentel was born in Brooklyn, New York. Both of her parents, originally from La Romana, Dominican Republic, immigrated to New York as teenagers. Pimentel was the couple's only child. Her parents divorced when she was six years old, after which she became estranged from her father.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16024568", "chunk_text": "\"Adrienne C. Moore\"\nAdrienne C. Moore Adrienne C. Moore (born August 14, 1980) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Cindy \"\"Black Cindy\"\" Hayes in the Netflix comedy-drama series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\". Moore was born in Nashville, Tennessee, and grew up in Nashville and Georgia. In 2003, Moore graduated with a B.A. from Northwestern University, where she studied psychology, history, and religion. She began her career on stage, appearing in Off-Broadway productions. On television, she had small parts in \"\"Blue Bloods\"\" and \"\"30 Rock\"\", before her role on \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\". Moore is known for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "848928", "chunk_text": "\"Orange Is the New Black\"\nnice, sweet Italian girl.\"\" Natasha Lyonne was to audition for Alex, but was asked to read for the character Nicky Nichols; \"\"[Kohan knew] she could do Nicky with her eyes closed. She was perfect,\"\" said Euston. Laverne Cox, a black transgender woman, was cast as Sophia Burset, a transgender character. \"\"The Advocate\"\" touted \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\" as possibly the first women-in-prison narrative to cast a transgender woman for this type of role. Uzo Aduba read for the part of Janae Watson but was offered the character Suzanne \"\"Crazy Eyes\"\" Warren. Taryn Manning was offered the role of Tiffany", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "848930", "chunk_text": "\"Orange Is the New Black\"\nprior to the series' premiere, Netflix renewed the show for a second season consisting of 13 episodes. For the second season, Uzo Aduba, Taryn Manning, Danielle Brooks, and Natasha Lyonne were promoted to series regulars. Laura Prepon did not return as a series regular for a second season because of scheduling conflicts, but returned for season 3 as a regular. On May 5, 2014, the series was renewed for a third season, as revealed by actress Laura Prepon. For the third season, several actors were promoted to series regulars, including Selenis Leyva, Adrienne C. Moore, Dascha Polanco, Nick Sandow, Yael", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19808514", "chunk_text": "\"Orange Is the New Black (season 1)\"\nto read for the character Nicky Nichols; \"\"[Kohan knew] she could do Nicky with her eyes closed. She was perfect,\"\" said Euston. Uzo Aduba read for the part of Janae Watson but was offered the character Suzanne \"\"Crazy Eyes\"\" Warren. Taryn Manning was offered the role of Tiffany \"\"Pennsatucky\"\" Doggett. \"\"This American Life\"\" host Ira Glass was offered a role as a public radio host, but he declined. The role instead went to Robert Stanton, who plays the fictional host Maury Kind. \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\" has received critical acclaim, particularly praised for humanizing prisoners and for its depiction", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "848927", "chunk_text": "\"Orange Is the New Black\"\nAbigail Savage, who plays Gina, and Alysia Reiner, who plays Fig, had auditioned for role of Alex Vause. Prepon initially auditioned for Piper Chapman, however Kohan felt she would not worry about her [in prison], noting a \"\"toughness and a presence to her that wasn't right for the character.\"\" Kohan instead gave her the role of Alex. Stone had originally auditioned for the role of Nicky Nichols, but she was not considered \"\"tough enough\"\" for the character; she was asked to audition for Lorna Morello instead. Likability was important for Morello, whom casting director Jen Euston deemed \"\"a very helpful,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7563306", "chunk_text": "\"Jessica Pimentel\"\nGun. Pimentel has also recorded several songs with the band Black Heart Sutra, and sings in the Mexican metal band Brujeria. Pimentel is a featured artist for Spector basses, Halo guitars, and Krank Amps. Pimentel has been dating Meshuggah drummer Tomas Haake since 2013. Pimentel was raised Christian, but became a practicing Buddhist as an adult. Jessica Pimentel Jessica Pimentel (born September 20, 1982) is an American actress and musician. She is best known for her role as Maria Ruiz on the Netflix original series \"\"Orange Is the New Black.\"\" She is also the lead singer of the heavy metal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4862335", "chunk_text": "\"Taryn Manning\"\nTaryn Manning Taryn Manning (born November 6, 1978) is an American actress and singer. Manning made her film debut in the teen drama \"\"Crazy/Beautiful\"\" (2001), followed by a lead part opposite Britney Spears in \"\"Crossroads\"\" (2002), which garnered her mainstream attention. She then appeared in \"\"8 Mile\"\" (2002), \"\"White Oleander\"\" (2002), \"\"A Lot Like Love\"\" (2005) and \"\"Hustle & Flow\"\" (2005). Manning has also had a main role on \"\"Hawaii Five-0\"\" and had recurring roles in television on \"\"Sons of Anarchy\"\", and plays the role of Tiffany \"\"Pennsatucky\"\" Doggett in the Netflix original series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\". Manning", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1584259", "chunk_text": "\"Andrew McCarthy\"\nAndrew McCarthy Andrew Thomas McCarthy (born November 29, 1962) is an American actor, travel writer and television director. He is most known for his roles in 1980s films such as \"\"St. Elmo's Fire\"\", \"\"Pretty in Pink\"\", and \"\"Less Than Zero\"\". He is ranked #40 on VH1's 100 Greatest Teen Stars of all-time list. As a director he is known for his work on the Emmy Award-winning series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\". McCarthy was born in Westfield, New Jersey. His mother worked for a newspaper and his father was involved in investments and stocks. McCarthy moved to Bernardsville, New Jersey,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "736353", "chunk_text": "\"Tanya Wright\"\nTanya Wright Tanya Patrice Wright (born May 3, 1971) is an actress known for her starring on \"\"Buddies\"\" as Phyllis Brooks, as well as her recurring roles on \"\"24\"\" as Patty Brooks, \"\"NYPD Blue\"\" as Officer Maya Anderson, on \"\"True Blood\"\" as Deputy Kenya Jones, and as Crystal on the Netflix original series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\". Wright's first audition landed her first job as Theo's girlfriend on \"\"The Cosby Show\"\" when she was a child. Over the course of her career, Tanya made the decision to start wearing her hair naturally. Tanya wrote a book entitled \"\"Butterfly Rising\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15781944", "chunk_text": "\"Lorna Morello\"\nNellie Andreeva from \"\"Deadline Hollywood\"\" reported that Australian actress Yael Stone had been cast as a Boston-Italian transport driver in \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\". The character was initially called Rosemarie Perrone. Stone auditioned for the show on August 19, 2012, the day after her wedding to actor Dan Spielman. She originally tried out for the role of Nicky Nichols, but actress Natasha Lyonne was cast instead. Stone was then brought back to try out for Morello. She auditioned with Morello's distinctive accent and she found out she had won the role two days later. Stone was initially contracted for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8633665", "chunk_text": "\"Piper Chapman\"\nPiper Chapman Piper Elizabeth Chapman is a fictional character (played by Taylor Schilling) and the protagonist of the Netflix series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\". She is based on Piper Kerman, author of the non-fiction book \"\"\"\", upon which the series is based. Schilling was nominated for awards in both comedy and drama categories for this role. A Boston-bred Smith College grad, Piper Kerman got involved in a relationship with an international drug smuggler, Catherine Cleary Wolters. Chapman's girlfriend in the series, Alex Vause, is based on Wolters, whom Kerman met circa 1991 in Northampton, Massachusetts. Eventually, 24-year-old Kerman flew", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "848931", "chunk_text": "\"Orange Is the New Black\"\nStone, and Samira Wiley. Both Jason Biggs and Pablo Schreiber were confirmed as not returning for the third season, but Schreiber appeared in the 10th episode of the third season. The series was renewed for a fourth season on April 15, 2015, prior to its third-season release. For the fourth season, Jackie Cruz and Lea DeLaria were promoted to series regulars; with Elizabeth Rodriguez also being promoted by the season's sixth episode. On February 5, 2016, the series was renewed for a fifth, sixth and seventh season. In season six, Dale Soules, Laura Gómez, and Matt Peters were promoted to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "831550", "chunk_text": "\"Madeline Brewer\"\nMadeline Brewer Madeline Kathryn Brewer (born c. 1991/1992) is an American actress who has appeared in the Netflix original series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\" and \"\"Hemlock Grove\"\", the Hulu series \"\"The Handmaid's Tale\"\", and the Netflix horror film \"\"Cam\"\". Brewer grew up in Pitman, New Jersey, the daughter of Laurie and Mark Brewer, who is an actor and musician. She is a graduate of The American Musical and Dramatic Academy in New York City. Brewer was crowned Miss Pitman in high school in 2010. In 2016, she appeared in \"\"Men Against Fire\"\", an episode of the anthology series \"\"Black", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7622461", "chunk_text": "\"Natasha Lyonne\"\nNatasha Lyonne Natasha Lyonne (born April 4, 1979), is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Nicky Nichols on the Netflix series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\" (2013–present), for which she received an Emmy Award nomination in 2014, and for her role as Jessica in the \"\"American Pie\"\" film series (1999–2012). Lyonne has appeared in over 50 films, including: \"\"Everyone Says I Love You\"\" (1996), \"\"Slums of Beverly Hills\"\" (1998), \"\"Detroit Rock City\"\", \"\"But I'm a Cheerleader\"\" (both 1999), \"\"Scary Movie 2\"\", \"\"The Grey Zone\"\", \"\"Kate & Leopold\"\" (all 2001), \"\"Party Monster\"\", \"\"Die Mommie Die!\"\" (both", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4559003", "chunk_text": "\"Brad William Henke\"\nNew Black\"\" as Desi Piscatella, a gay corrections officer at Litchfield Federal Penitentiary. He joined \"\"OITNB\"\" in the fourth season. He was part of the cast that won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series for 2016. Henke was married to actress Katelin Chesna from 2001 to 2008. Brad William Henke Brad William Henke (born April 10, 1966) is an American actor and former National Football League and Arena Football League player. He is best known for his role as prison guard Desi Piscatella on \"\"Orange Is The New Black\"\", for which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9310333", "chunk_text": "\"Annie Golden\"\n\"\"rowdy, funny, cheerfully cockeyed.\"\" A concert version of \"\"Broadway Bounty Hunter\"\", starring Golden, was presented at Joe's Pub in New York City on September 26, 2016. Annie Golden Annie Golden (born October 19, 1951) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for portraying mute Norma Romano in \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\" since 2013. Golden was born in Brooklyn, New York City, New York. She sang in school and church choirs as a child. Her father died at age 52 and her mother died in 1974, at the age of 42. Golden on her family: \"\"My mom", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14292096", "chunk_text": "\"Uzo Aduba\"\nsaw Heifer's impact first-hand on 2016 and 2018 field visits to Uganda. Uzo Aduba Uzoamaka Nwanneka \"\"Uzo\"\" Aduba (; born February 10, 1981) is a Nigerian-American actress. She is known for her role as Suzanne \"\"Crazy Eyes\"\" Warren on the Netflix original series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\" (2013–present), for which she won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series in 2014, an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2015, and two Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series in 2014 and 2015.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12762539", "chunk_text": "\"Lori Petty\"\nLori Petty Lori Petty (born October 14, 1963) is an American actress and director. Her roles include playing Tyler Endicott in the 1991 film \"\"Point Break\"\", Kit Keller in \"\"A League of Their Own\"\" (1992), and the title role in \"\"Tank Girl\"\" in 1995. She guest-starred in the second season, and became a recurring character in the third and fourth seasons, of the Netflix Original series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\" as Lolly Whitehill. Lori also appeared on the television series \"\"Prison Break\"\" in the last episode of season four. Petty, the eldest of three children, was born in Chattanooga,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8916032", "chunk_text": "\"Samira Wiley\"\n\"\"Out\"\" magazine's \"\"OUT100\"\" for 2017 in recognition of her work and her visibility. Samira Wiley Samira Denise Wiley (born April 15, 1987) is an American actress and model. She is best known for playing Poussey Washington in the Netflix series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\" and for playing Moira in the Hulu series \"\"The Handmaid's Tale\"\", for which she won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series in 2018. Wiley was raised in Washington, D.C. Her parents, Christine and Dennis W. Wiley, are the co-pastors of Covenant Baptist United Church of Christ. Wiley's parents have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "848926", "chunk_text": "\"Orange Is the New Black\"\nwas in negotiations with Lionsgate for a 13-episode TV adaptation of Kerman's memoirs with Kohan as creator. In November 2011, negotiations were finalized and the series had been greenlit. Kohan had initially wanted to cast Katie Holmes in the role of Piper Chapman, and met with the actress to discuss it, but Holmes had other commitments. Casting announcements began in August 2012 with Taylor Schilling, the first to be cast, as Piper Chapman, followed by Jason Biggs as Piper's fiancé Larry Bloom. Laura Prepon and Yael Stone were next to join the series, as Alex Vause and Lorna Morello, respectively.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "831551", "chunk_text": "\"Madeline Brewer\"\nMirror\"\". Madeline Brewer Madeline Kathryn Brewer (born c. 1991/1992) is an American actress who has appeared in the Netflix original series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\" and \"\"Hemlock Grove\"\", the Hulu series \"\"The Handmaid's Tale\"\", and the Netflix horror film \"\"Cam\"\". Brewer grew up in Pitman, New Jersey, the daughter of Laurie and Mark Brewer, who is an actor and musician. She is a graduate of The American Musical and Dramatic Academy in New York City. Brewer was crowned Miss Pitman in high school in 2010. In 2016, she appeared in \"\"Men Against Fire\"\", an episode of the anthology series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20187489", "chunk_text": "\"Nicky Nichols\"\nNicky Nichols Nicole Nichols is a fictional character played by Natasha Lyonne on the Netflix series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\". She is a recurring character in season one and a main character from season two onwards. Lyonne received an Emmy nomination in 2014 for the role. Natasha Lyonne had intended to audition for the part of Lorna Morello but, according to Lyonne, \"\"they wouldn’t let me [audition for Morello], because they already liked me for Nicky.\"\" Yael Stone, who had auditioned for the role of Nichols, was cast as Morello. Lyonne feels that she can relate closely to Nichols's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "848918", "chunk_text": "\"Orange Is the New Black\"\nin a Drama Series. \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\" is the first series to score Emmy nominations in both comedy and drama categories. The series has also received six Golden Globe Award nominations, six Writers Guild of America Award nominations, a Producers Guild of America Award, an American Film Institute award, and a Peabody Award. The series begins revolving around Piper Chapman (Taylor Schilling), a woman in her thirties living in New York City who is sentenced to 15 months in Litchfield Penitentiary, a minimum-security women's federal prison in upstate New York. Chapman was convicted of transporting a suitcase full", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13124808", "chunk_text": "\"Danielle Brooks\"\nDanielle Brooks Danielle Brooks (born September 17, 1989) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Tasha \"\"Taystee\"\" Jefferson on the Netflix original series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\". She received a Tony Award nomination for her portrayal of Sofia in the 2015 Broadway production of \"\"The Color Purple\"\". Brooks was born in Augusta, Georgia, and grew up in Greenville, South Carolina, in a Christian family; her father was a deacon, and her mother, a minister. She began acting at the age of six in a nativity play put on by her church. For her final", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7630852", "chunk_text": "\"Piper Chapman\"\n20th Satellite Awards. Piper Chapman Piper Elizabeth Chapman is a fictional character (played by Taylor Schilling) and the protagonist of the Netflix series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\". She is based on Piper Kerman, author of the non-fiction book \"\"\"\", upon which the series is based. Schilling was nominated for awards in both comedy and drama categories for this role. A Boston-bred Smith College grad, Piper Kerman got involved in a relationship with an international drug smuggler, Catherine Cleary Wolters. Chapman's girlfriend in the series, Alex Vause, is based on Wolters, whom Kerman met circa 1991 in Northampton, Massachusetts. Eventually,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20550828", "chunk_text": "\"Jackie Cruz\"\nWe don’t really talk about it, but the actions speak louder than words, am I right? So you’re seeing it. You’re living it.\"\" ! Year ! Title ! Role ! Notes Jackie Cruz Jackie Cruz (born August 8, 1986) is a Dominican–American actress, singer and former model. She is known for her role as Marisol \"\"Flaca\"\" Gonzales on the Netflix original series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\". Cruz was born in Queens, New York, and grew up between Los Angeles, California, and in Santiago, Dominican Republic. She was raised by a single mother, and she speaks fluent English and Spanish.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8916025", "chunk_text": "\"Samira Wiley\"\nSamira Wiley Samira Denise Wiley (born April 15, 1987) is an American actress and model. She is best known for playing Poussey Washington in the Netflix series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\" and for playing Moira in the Hulu series \"\"The Handmaid's Tale\"\", for which she won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series in 2018. Wiley was raised in Washington, D.C. Her parents, Christine and Dennis W. Wiley, are the co-pastors of Covenant Baptist United Church of Christ. Wiley's parents have been referred to as \"\"pillars of the LGBT religious community,\"\" as the Covenant", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13117965", "chunk_text": "\"Pablo Schreiber\"\nyet started. Schreiber married yoga teacher Jessica Monty in 2007; she filed for divorce, citing irreconcilable differences in 2014. They have two sons together, Timoteo and Dante. Pablo Schreiber Pablo Tell Schreiber (born April 26, 1978) is a Canadian-American actor, known for his dramatic stage work and for his portrayal of Nick Sobotka on \"\"The Wire\"\" and for his role of George \"\"Pornstache\"\" Mendez on \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\", for which he received a Primetime Emmy nomination for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series. He was nominated for a Tony Award for his performance in \"\"Awake and Sing!\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8237398", "chunk_text": "\"Dascha Polanco\"\nhad been promoted from a recurring role to a series regular for the show's third season, which was released in June 2015. She appeared in the comedy films \"\"The Cobbler\"\" (2014) and \"\"Joy\"\" (2015), and starred in the film \"\"The Perfect Match\"\" (2016). Dascha Polanco Dascha Polanco (born December 3, 1982) is a Dominican American actress known for playing the character Dayanara \"\"Daya\"\" Diaz on the Netflix series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\". As of January 2018, she has a recurring role on \"\"\"\" as Detective Lori Weider. Polanco was born in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic and moved to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18858315", "chunk_text": "\"Kate Mulgrew\"\nmember on Adult Swim's \"\"\"\" as Kove, the leader of the titular terrorism-fighting unit and ex-wife of series lead Paul Scheer's character. Since 2013, Mulgrew stars as inmate Galina \"\"Red\"\" Reznikov in the Netflix original series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\", the role for which she was nominated for her first Primetime Emmy Award in 2014. The popular character was re-signed for seasons two, three, four, five, and six. On working in the series she was reunited with her \"\"Mercy\"\" co-star Taylor Schilling. In 2014, Mulgrew narrated a documentary film, \"\"The Principle\"\", that aims to promote the discredited idea of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19808512", "chunk_text": "\"Orange Is the New Black (season 1)\"\nfinalized and the series had been greenlit. Casting announcements began in August 2012 with Taylor Schilling, the first to be cast, in the lead role as Piper Chapman, followed by Jason Biggs as Piper's fiancé Larry Bloom. Laura Prepon and Yael Stone were next to join the series. Abigail Savage, who plays Gina, and Alysia Reiner, who plays Fig, had auditioned for role of Alex Vause. Prepon initially auditioned for Piper Chapman, however Kohan felt she would not worry about her [in prison], noting a \"\"toughness and a presence to her that wasn’t right for the character.\"\" Kohan instead gave", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8881948", "chunk_text": "\"Yael Stone\"\nYael Stone Yael Stone (born 6 March 1985) is an Australian actress. She has worked extensively in Australian theatre and has won two Sydney Theatre Awards. Outside of Australian theatre, she is best known for her portrayal of Lorna Morello in the Netflix series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\". Stone is also known for her support of abortion rights and has vocally advocated for women's issues. Stone was born and raised in Sydney, the daughter of Judy, a nurse, and Harry Stone, an architect. Her father was born in Czechoslovakia, to Holocaust survivor parents. Yael's father is from a Jewish", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8080150", "chunk_text": "\"Constance Shulman\"\nConstance Shulman Constance Shulman (born April 4, 1958) is an American actress. She is best known for voicing Patti Mayonnaise on \"\"Doug\"\" and for her current role as Yoga Jones in \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\". Shulman originated the role of Annelle in the first production of \"\"Steel Magnolias\"\" Off-Broadway. Shulman was born in Johnson City, Tennessee, to a Jewish family. In 1980, she graduated from the University of Tennessee with a bachelor's degree in both speech and theatre. She moved to New York City to study acting at the Circle in the Square Theatre School and pursue an acting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6810953", "chunk_text": "\"Lauren Lapkus\"\n14, 2016. Lapkus married Mike Castle on October 5, 2018. Lauren Lapkus Dorthea Lauren Allegra Lapkus (born September 6, 1985) is an American actress and comedian known for portraying Susan Fischer in the Netflix original series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\" and Jess in the HBO series \"\"Crashing\"\". She has also made appearances on such television shows as \"\"Jimmy Kimmel Live!\"\", \"\"The Middle\"\", \"\"Hot in Cleveland\"\", and \"\"@midnight\"\" and films such as \"\"Jurassic World\"\". She has appeared on many podcasts, including \"\"Comedy Bang! Bang!\"\", \"\"improv4humans\"\", and her own podcast \"\"With Special Guest Lauren Lapkus\"\". She was a main cast member", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3048298", "chunk_text": "\"Orange Is the New Black (season 3)\"\nSeries and Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series for Uzo Aduba, and numerous other awards. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On May 5, 2014, the series was renewed for a third season. For the third season, several actors were promoted to series regulars, including Selenis Leyva, Adrienne C. Moore, Dascha Polanco, Nick Sandow, Yael Stone, and Samira Wiley. Both Jason Biggs and Pablo Schreiber were confirmed as not returning for the third season, but Schreiber appeared in the 10th episode of the third season. The third season received critical acclaim. On Metacritic, it has a score of 83 out of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4392726", "chunk_text": "\"Stephanie Andujar\"\nStephanie Andujar Stephanie Andujar (born July 15, 1986) is an American actress, director, producer, singer and songwriter starring in theatre performances from \"\"The Wiz\"\", \"\"The Crucible\"\", and \"\"The Good Woman of Setzuan\"\". Her film career includes the Academy Award-winning film \"\"Precious\"\" (2009), \"\"Pariah\"\" (2011), \"\"See Girl Run\"\" (2012), \"\"Babygirl\"\" (2013), \"\"A Walk Among the Tombstones\"\" (2014), and the film \"\"Marjorie Prime\"\" (2017). Her television career includes NBC’s \"\"\"\" (2007), nurse drama \"\"Mercy\"\" (2010), and \"\"Blindspot\"\" (2015). Andujar received praise for her performance in \"\"Orange is the New Black\"\" Season 2 (2014) as young Miss Rosa. Andujar was born in Manhattan,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16642653", "chunk_text": "\"Lea DeLaria\"\nLea DeLaria Lea DeLaria (born May 23, 1958) is an American comedian, actress, and jazz singer. DeLaria is credited with being the first openly gay comic to appear on a late-night talk show with her 1993 appearance on \"\"The Arsenio Hall Show\"\". She is best known for her portrayal of inmate Carrie \"\"Big Boo\"\" Black on Netflix original series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\". DeLaria was born in Belleville, Illinois, the daughter of Jerry Jean (née Cox), a homemaker, and Robert George DeLaria, a jazz pianist and social worker. Her paternal grandparents were Italian. She attended kindergarten through eighth grade", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14292087", "chunk_text": "\"Uzo Aduba\"\nUzo Aduba Uzoamaka Nwanneka \"\"Uzo\"\" Aduba (; born February 10, 1981) is a Nigerian-American actress. She is known for her role as Suzanne \"\"Crazy Eyes\"\" Warren on the Netflix original series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\" (2013–present), for which she won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series in 2014, an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2015, and two Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series in 2014 and 2015. She is one of only two actors to win an Emmy Award", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4559001", "chunk_text": "\"Brad William Henke\"\nBrad William Henke Brad William Henke (born April 10, 1966) is an American actor and former National Football League and Arena Football League player. He is best known for his role as prison guard Desi Piscatella on \"\"Orange Is The New Black\"\", for which he won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series in 2016. Henke was born in Columbus, Nebraska. He attended the University of Arizona and played football as a defensive lineman. Henke was drafted by the New York Giants in the 1989 NFL Draft but got cut. He was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5120565", "chunk_text": "\"Jason Biggs\"\nJason Biggs Jason Matthew Biggs (born May 12, 1978) is an American actor and comedian best known for his roles as Jim Levenstein in the \"\"American Pie\"\" comedy film series, and Larry Bloom in the Netflix original series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\". He also starred in \"\"Boys and Girls\"\", \"\"Loser\"\", \"\"Saving Silverman\"\", \"\"Anything Else\"\", \"\"Jersey Girl\"\", \"\"Eight Below\"\", \"\"Over Her Dead Body\"\", and \"\"My Best Friend's Girl\"\". Biggs initially gained recognition from his role in the soap opera \"\"As the World Turns\"\", for which he was nominated for the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2947124", "chunk_text": "\"Andi Matichak\"\nAndi Matichak Andi Matichak (born May 3, 1995) is an American actress. She has appeared in such television series as \"\"666 Park Avenue\"\", \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\" and \"\"Blue Bloods\"\". She stars as Allyson Nelson in the horror film \"\"Halloween\"\" (2018), a direct sequel to the 1978 original film of the same name. Matichak was born in Framingham, Massachusetts, but raised in the suburbs of Chicago, Illinois. She attended St. Francis High School in Wheaton, Illinois. During a summer while still in high school, Matichak worked as a model in Greece, where she met a talent agent who encouraged", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15781942", "chunk_text": "\"Lorna Morello\"\nLorna Morello Lorna Morello Muccio is a fictional character from the Netflix dramedy series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\", played by Yael Stone. Stone was initially contracted for one episode, but the producers kept bringing her back. Morello is based on two real-life inmates featured in Piper Kerman's 2010 novel \"\"\"\". Morello is Italian-American, and is portrayed as being a positive, bold, opinionated person and \"\"a hopeless romantic\"\". She has a distinctive accent, which is a mix of Brooklyn and Boston. Morello made her first screen appearance during the season one premiere episode \"\"I Wasn't Ready\"\". In the beginning of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9443274", "chunk_text": "\"Pablo Schreiber\"\nPablo Schreiber Pablo Tell Schreiber (born April 26, 1978) is a Canadian-American actor, known for his dramatic stage work and for his portrayal of Nick Sobotka on \"\"The Wire\"\" and for his role of George \"\"Pornstache\"\" Mendez on \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\", for which he received a Primetime Emmy nomination for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series. He was nominated for a Tony Award for his performance in \"\"Awake and Sing!\"\" on Broadway. He also narrated the audiobook version of Brett Easton Ellis’ \"\"American Psycho\"\". Schreiber was born on a hippie commune in Ymir, British Columbia, before moving", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_357	where was the movie i am number 4 filmed?	n/a	[ "the Pittsburgh metropolitan area" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "628734", "chunk_text": "\"I Am Number Four (film)\"\nThe production was scheduled to last 12 to 13 weeks. Cinematographer Guillermo Navarro shot the film on 35 mm, using a format known as Super 1:85. Beaver, the former Conley Inn in Homewood, and nearby Buttermilk Falls were used as locations in the film; interior and exterior scenes were shot near a boat launch in Monaca. A spring fair scene was filmed in Deer Lakes Park in West Deer; Port Vue, North Park, New Kensington and Hyde Park were also used as locations. The setting of the film's fictional town of Paradise, Ohio is Vandergrift, Pennsylvania, where filming took place", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18465117", "chunk_text": "\"I Am Number Four (film)\"\nto date a high school football player, but falls for Number Four and keeps his secret. Jake Abel plays the football player, Mark James, an antagonist in the film. Teresa Palmer plays the other Loric, Number Six, and 16-year-old Australian actor Callan McAuliffe plays Sam Goode, Number Four's best friend. Principal photography began on May 17, 2010, using 20 locations all within the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. DreamWorks selected the area primarily due to tax incentives from the Pennsylvania Film Production Tax Credit. The film studio also had a positive experience shooting \"\"She's Out of My League\"\" in Pittsburgh in 2008.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "628736", "chunk_text": "\"I Am Number Four (film)\"\nthe school was built in a studio in Monroeville for filming explosion scenes. In the last few weeks of production, scenes were filmed at the 200-year-old St. John's Lutheran Stone Church in Lancaster Township. Additional filming took place in the Florida Keys in the beginning of the film in Big Pine Key, Florida as well as the spanning of the drive over the bridge showcases the keys 7 mile bridge. \"\"I Am Number Four\"\" was edited by Jim Page, with Industrial Light & Magic developing the visual effects for the alien Pikens. The film was scored by former Yes guitarist", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2200597", "chunk_text": "\"I Am Number Four (film)\"\nI Am Number Four (film) I Am Number Four is a 2011 American teen science fiction action thriller film directed by D. J. Caruso and starring Alex Pettyfer, Timothy Olyphant, Teresa Palmer, Dianna Agron, and Callan McAuliffe. The screenplay, by Alfred Gough, Miles Millar, and Marti Noxon, is based on the novel of the same name, one of the \"\"Lorien Legacies\"\" young adult science fiction novels. Produced by Michael Bay, \"\"I Am Number Four\"\" was the first film production from DreamWorks Pictures to be released by Touchstone Pictures, as part of the studio's 2009 distribution deal with Walt Disney Studios", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "628735", "chunk_text": "\"I Am Number Four (film)\"\nfrom June to July 2010. Producers chose Vandergrift as the \"\"hero town\"\" of the film because of its unique look and curved streets, laid out by Frederick Law Olmsted, the designer of New York City's Central Park. Franklin Regional High School in Murrysville was chosen over 50 other schools in the area, due to its proximity to nearby woods, a part of the film's plot, and its surrounding hills. The school was also selected for its one floor layout, wide hallways, and its football stadium in front. Teachers and recent graduates appear in the film, and a set that replicates", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2200598", "chunk_text": "\"I Am Number Four (film)\"\nMotion Pictures. \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\" estimated the budget to be between $50 million and $60 million. The film was released in both conventional and IMAX theatres on February 18, 2011, received generally negative reviews, and grossed $150 million. John Smith is an alien from the planet Lorien. He was sent to Earth as a child with eight others to escape the invading Mogadorians, who destroyed Lorien. Here, John is protected by a Guardian, Henri, and has developed powers, including enhanced strength, speed and agility, as well as seven other powers he will develop later in life, known as legacies. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2200599", "chunk_text": "\"I Am Number Four (film)\"\nis protected by a Loric charm which protects him from all Mogadorian harm as long as he is hurt out of order; he can only be hurt after the first three loriens are killed in order. The Mogadorians, led by the Commander, learn about the nine children and come to Earth to find them. The Lorien can only be killed in sequence; Number One through Number Nine. Three of them are already dead, with John being Number Four. Knowing this, he and Henri move from a beachside bungalow in Florida to an old farm in Paradise, Ohio, where John befriends", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "628737", "chunk_text": "\"I Am Number Four (film)\"\nTrevor Rabin. A teaser trailer for the film was issued in late September 2010, and a full-length trailer premiered on December 8. Advertisements ran in \"\"Seventeen\"\" and \"\"Teen Vogue\"\" magazines, Disney released a promotional iPhone app in January 2011. Disney also developed a lot of Internet content to target a teen audience with their marketing campaign. A cast tour, in association with American retailer Hot Topic, and cast media appearances were scheduled to lead up to the release of the film. \"\"I Am Number Four\"\" premiered at the Village Theatre in Los Angeles on February 9, 2011. The film was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16086783", "chunk_text": "\"I Am Number Four\"\nby borrowing a copy. Sam speaks of his belief that his father has been abducted by aliens. Henri discovers where the magazine is printed, and drives the two-hour car trip to Athens, Ohio, to find out more. John attends a Thanksgiving dinner with Sarah's family, but worries about Henri, who does not answer text messages. In his agitated state, John's telekinetic power manifests, though uncontrolled, and he leaves. He calls Sam for help, and they take Sam's father's long-unused truck and head for Athens, where they succeed in rescuing Henri. During the rescue, Sam is made fully aware of John's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10950440", "chunk_text": "\"I Am Number Four (film)\"\ndate set for Presidents Day weekend. Chris Bender, J.C. Spink, and David Valdes executive produced the film. Steven Spielberg contributed to the film's characters, but did not take a credit on the film. It was the first DreamWorks film to be released by Disney's Touchstone Pictures label, as part of the 30-picture distribution deal between DreamWorks and Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. The film was also the first release for DreamWorks after the studio's financial restructuring in 2008. In March 2010, Alex Pettyfer was in talks to play the title character in the film, Number Four. It was later confirmed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10950456", "chunk_text": "\"I Am Number Four (film)\"\nfrom all over the world ask, \"\"Where's the next movie?\"\" I think DreamWorks is getting those too so it'll be interesting. I don't know if I'd be involved, but I know they're talking about it.\"\" In a 2015 interview, James Frey, the co-author of the series, said that he hoped more movies would be made. I Am Number Four (film) I Am Number Four is a 2011 American teen science fiction action thriller film directed by D. J. Caruso and starring Alex Pettyfer, Timothy Olyphant, Teresa Palmer, Dianna Agron, and Callan McAuliffe. The screenplay, by Alfred Gough, Miles Millar, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "628738", "chunk_text": "\"I Am Number Four (film)\"\nreleased in theaters on February 18, 2011, and was also released in the IMAX format. The film was released by Touchstone Home Entertainment on Blu-ray, DVD, and digital download on May 24, 2011. The release was produced in three different packages: a three-disc Blu-ray, DVD, and \"\"Digital Copy\"\" combo pack, a single-disc Blu-ray, and a single-disc DVD. The \"\"Digital Copy\"\" included with the 3-disc version is a stand-alone disc that allows users to play the film from any location via iTunes or Windows Media Player. All releases include bloopers and the \"\"\"\"Becoming Number 6\"\"\"\" featurette, while the single-disc Blu-ray and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "628723", "chunk_text": "\"I Am Number Four (film)\"\nconspiracy theorist Sam Goode and a dog which he names after Bernie Kosar. He also falls for an amateur photographer, Sarah Hart. Her ex-boyfriend, football player Mark James is a bully who torments both John and Sam. During the Halloween Festival, Mark and his friends chase Sarah and John into the woods, where they try to beat John up. However, he uses his powers to fend them off and rescue Sarah. Sam witnesses this, which forces John to reveal his true origins. The next day, Mark's father, the local sheriff, interrogates Henri on John's whereabouts when his son and his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "628730", "chunk_text": "\"I Am Number Four (film)\"\nAl Gough and Miles Millar, the creators of the television series \"\"Smallville\"\", were hired to write the screenplay in August 2009. Marti Noxon, writer and producer for the television series \"\"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\"\", also contributed to the screenplay. D. J. Caruso was brought on to direct in early 2010, after Bay opted to focus on directing the of the \"\"Transformers\"\" series. Caruso had been selected by Spielberg to direct \"\"Disturbia\"\" and \"\"Eagle Eye\"\" for DreamWorks, and had success with both films. Caruso had less than a year to prepare, shoot and edit the film, due to a worldwide release", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10950434", "chunk_text": "\"I Am Number Four (film)\"\nJohn and Sarah. John saves Sarah from a fall, revealing his powers in the process, and they escape to their high school. Meanwhile, The Commander arrives in Paradise, in a convoy of trucks. He is confronted by Mark and his father, and after injuring the sheriff, he forces Mark to show him where John is hiding. Mark takes him to the school, which he knows is Sarah's hideout. There, John, Sarah, and Sam are attacked by the Mogadorians, who brought two Piken to hunt the trio. They are saved by Number Six and Bernie, who is actually a shapeshifting Chimera", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12916887", "chunk_text": "\"I Am Number Four\"\nbook is told in the first person by Number Four, who takes the name \"\"John Smith\"\". As the story begins, he and his guardian or Cepân, \"\"Henri\"\", learn of the death of Number Three and move to Paradise, Ohio, assuming new identities aka John Smith. There, John befriends conspiracy theorist Sam Goode and \"\"adopts\"\" a dog identified by its name tag as \"\"Bernie Kosar\"\". He also meets and is attracted to a fellow student, Sarah Hart, who is working as a photographer. Sarah's ex-boyfriend, football player Mark James, is a bully who torments both John and Sam. During the Halloween", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2200627", "chunk_text": "\"I Am Number Four (film)\"\nweek, it decreased by 21% to $5.0 million. As of March 27, 2011, it has grossed $17,328,244. In 2011, screenwriter Noxon told \"\"Collider.com\"\" that plans for an imminent sequel were shelved due to the disappointing performance of the first installment at the box office. In 2013, director Caruso was asked if there are any possibilities that \"\"The Power of Six\"\" will get a movie adaption, he replied: \"\"There's been some talk in the past couple of months about trying to do something because there is this audience appetite out there [...]. Most of the people on Twitter that contact me", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4215124", "chunk_text": "\"Alex Pettyfer\"\nAugust 2009, and the film was released on 4 March 2011. Pettyfer portrayed the main character in \"\"I Am Number Four\"\", released in February 2011. The film co-starred Timothy Olyphant, Dianna Agron and Teresa Palmer, and was directed by D.J. Caruso, produced by Michael Bay and executive produced by Steven Spielberg. He was offered the part of Jace Wayland in the upcoming portrayal of Cassandra Clare's best selling book, \"\"City of Bones\"\". Jamie Campbell Bower was later cast as Jace Wayland. Pettyfer had also been offered a part in an upcoming film adaption of Joseph Delaney's \"\"The Wardstone Chronicles\"\", but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "628725", "chunk_text": "\"I Am Number Four (film)\"\nand Sam go to rescue him, they are attacked but manage to fend the Mogadorians off. However, Henri dies after John and Sam escape with some Lorien artefacts, including a blue rock that acts as a tracking device for other Garde. Sam's father, a conspiracy theorist who disappeared while hunting aliens in Mexico, had another of the rocks. While Sam searches for it, John tries to say goodbye to Sarah at a party, only to discover that the Mogadorians have framed him and Henri for the murders of the conspiracy theorists. Mark sees John and calls his father, who corners", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12916885", "chunk_text": "\"I Am Number Four\"\nI Am Number Four I Am Number Four is a young adult science fiction novel by Pittacus Lore (the pseudonym of James Frey and Jobie Hughes) and the first book in the \"\"Lorien Legacies\"\" series. The book was published by HarperCollins on August 3, 2010, and spent seven successive weeks at #1 on the children's chapter of the \"\"New York Times\"\" bestseller list. DreamWorks Pictures bought the rights to the film in June 2009; it was released on February 18, 2011 and was the first DreamWorks movie to be distributed by Disney's Touchstone Pictures. The novel is the first of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "950004", "chunk_text": "\"Vandergrift, Pennsylvania\"\nscience-fiction film \"\"I am Number Four\"\" were filmed in Vandergrift, which was a stand-in for the fictional town of Paradise, Ohio. In the 1890s the Apollo Iron and Steel Company ended a bitterly contested labor dispute by hiring replacement workers from the surrounding countryside. To avoid future unrest, however, the company sought to gain tighter control over its workers not only at the factory but also in their homes. Drawing upon a philosophy of reform movements in Europe and the United States, the firm decided that providing workers with good housing and a good urban environment would make them more", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7503627", "chunk_text": "\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\nthroughout filming, was unsure of Newell's direction and his own performance, which he thought was \"\"atrocious\"\"; on Newell he commented that: \"\"He seemed to be giving direction against what I thought were the natural beats of the comedy. He was making a film with texture, grounding it, playing the truths rather than the gags.” The film was shot mainly in London and the Home Counties, including Hampstead, Islington where the final moments take place on Highbury Terrace, Greenwich Hospital, Betchworth in Surrey, Amersham in Buckinghamshire, St Bartholomew-the-Great (wedding number four) and West Thurrock in Essex. Exterior shots of guests arriving", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10950454", "chunk_text": "\"I Am Number Four (film)\"\nFour\"\" grossed $55,100,437 at the North American box office and $90,778,000 overseas, for a worldwide total of $149,878,437. It topped the worldwide box office on its second weekend (February 25–27, 2011) with $28,086,805. The film opened at number two in the United States and Canada with a gross of $19,449,893. In its second weekend, it dropped 43.4%, earning $11,016,126. The only other market where it has grossed over $10 million is China. It began in third place with $3.4 million, but had an increase of 91% in its second week, topping the box office with $6.4 million. In its third", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9524969", "chunk_text": "\"Scream 4\"\nyears, as part of her book tour. As soon as she arrives, Ghostface once again begins killing students from Woodsboro High. Originally, the series was intended to be a trilogy, but film production for a fourth installment was approved by Bob Weinstein. Filming took place in and around Ann Arbor, Michigan, from June 2010 to September 2010, with re-shoots in early 2011. \"\"Scream 4\"\" was released in the United States on April 15, 2011. It received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $97 million against its $40 million budget. On the fifteenth anniversary of the original Woodsboro massacre, high school", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2200606", "chunk_text": "\"I Am Number Four (film)\"\nhim to head west since he told his father he was heading east, and returns a magic box left to John by his Dad that Henri hid that was in police evidence. John thanks Mark and promises Sarah that he will come back to Paradise to find her. While they share their goodbye kiss a hurt and slightly agitated Mark is shown, before shakes his head before waving and putting a fake smile. The movie ends with John, Sam, Bernie and Number Six driving out towards the sunset smiling and vowing to protect their new home, Earth. The film was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18272060", "chunk_text": "\"Scream 4\"\nCourt in Livonia, Michigan was used as a police station. In April 2010, while scouting for a bookstore to use in the film, Craven spotted a new bookstore that had not yet opened in downtown Northville, Michigan named Next Chapter Bookstore Bistro. Craven instantly loved the building as well as the name and decided to use both in the film. He also hired the owner's chef to prepare the food and pastry for a scene in the film. The scenes were shot the first week of July. After the test screening in January, Craven and Weinstein did not think two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9637074", "chunk_text": "\"Lorien Legacies\"\ncollectively spending ten weeks in the top spot. In 2009 DreamWorks Pictures bought the rights to I Am Number Four and released the movie on February 18, 2011. The movie was the first DreamWorks film to be distributed by Disney's Touchstone Pictures and received generally negative reviews from critics, with review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes giving a score of 32% based on 156 reviews. The movie had a worldwide gross of $145,982,798 and a budget of $50 million, but still fell short of expectations. Plans for any future installments for the series have been shelved. Director D. J. Caruso confirmed that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "628727", "chunk_text": "\"I Am Number Four (film)\"\nsent by John's biological parents to protect him. John and Number Six, who can turn invisible and can block energy attacks, continue to fight the Mogadorians. They eventually defeat them all, including the Commander. The following day, John and Number Six unite their blue rocks and discover the location of the other four surviving Garde. John decides to let Sam come with them in hopes of finding Sam's father. They set off to find the others so they can all protect Earth from the Mogadorians, leaving Sarah and a repentant Mark, who lies to his father about John's whereabouts, telling", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18029389", "chunk_text": "\"Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer\"\nreprising his role as Doctor Doom. The Baxter Building was also redesigned. There were 14 filming locations: Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; Black Forest, Baden-Württemberg, Germany; Giza, Egypt; London, England, UK (second unit); Los Angeles, California, USA; New York City, New York, USA; Oriental Pearl Tower, Shanghai, China; Pemberton; Port Coquitlam, British Columbia, Canada; Vancouver British Columbia, Canada; Dumont Dunes, California, USA; Russell Glacier, Greenland; Suruga Bay, Japan; Fallston, Pennsylvania. The teaser trailer was initially exclusively attached to \"\"Night at the Museum\"\". It was released to the general public online on December 26, 2006 on the film's official website. The theatrical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10999464", "chunk_text": "\"The Fourth Kind\"\nthe interview, while Abbey's son Ronnie remains estranged from Abbey and still blames her for Ashley's disappearance. However, as is repeatedly stated in the movie: \"\"In the end, what you believe is yours to decide\"\". This is the first major film by writer and director Olatunde Osunsanmi, who is a protégé of independent film director Joe Carnahan. The movie is set up as a re-enactment of allegedly original documentary footage. It also uses supposedly \"\"never-before-seen archival footage\"\" that is integrated into the film. \"\"The Fourth Kind\"\" was shot in Bulgaria and Squamish, British Columbia, Canada. The lush, mountainous setting of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18272059", "chunk_text": "\"Scream 4\"\nand Kristen Bell have cameos in the beginning of the film akin to Drew Barrymore and Jada Pinkett Smith in the first and second \"\"Scream\"\". Shenae Grimes and Lucy Hale also have cameos in the film. On a budget of $40 million, principal photography began on June 28, 2010. Filming was scheduled to end on September 6, after a 42-day shoot, but instead concluded on September 24. Filming took place in and around Ann Arbor, Michigan. Scenes portraying Woodsboro High School featured in the original \"\"Scream\"\" film were shot at Woodworth Middle School in Dearborn, Michigan. The former 16th District", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12834238", "chunk_text": "\"Being There\"\nviewer that it is not just a skim of water on the ground), then continues on, while the President is heard quoting Rand: \"\"Life is a state of mind.\"\" Principal filming occurred at the Biltmore Estate, the largest private home in America, located in Asheville, North Carolina. Melvyn Douglas's granddaughter, Illeana Douglas, visited the set and met Peter Sellers, who is her favorite actor. She has since credited the film for inspiring her to pursue a career in acting. According to Illeana, Sellers and Douglas had known each other since the 1940s, when they first met in Burma during World", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "628732", "chunk_text": "\"I Am Number Four (film)\"\nthat the 21-year-old British actor would play the lead. Sharlto Copley was going to star as Henri, Number Four's guardian and mentor, but had to drop out due to press obligations with his film \"\"The A-Team\"\". Copley was replaced by Timothy Olyphant. Kevin Durand plays the villain of the film, Commander, the Mogadorian who leads the hunt for the Loriens on Earth. DreamWorks went through multiple rounds of tests to find the right actress for the female romantic lead. Dianna Agron, a star in the Fox television series \"\"Glee\"\", won the role. She plays Sarah Hart, a girl who used", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12916888", "chunk_text": "\"I Am Number Four\"\nfestival Sam mentions that he knows about Mogadorians from a magazine, \"\"They Walk Among Us\"\", a revelation that alarms both John and Henri. Mark and his friends organize a nasty surprise during the haunted hayride: Sarah, John and Sam are left stranded in the woods, where Mark plans to beat John up. John uses his \"\"legacies\"\", which are akin to superpowers, to fend off his attackers and rescues Sarah. In the darkness Sarah does not see John use his legacies, and he emphatically warns Mark not to talk (or to let his friends talk) about what happened and that he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9444568", "chunk_text": "\"You Again\"\nassociation with Miramax, DreamWorks, and Lucasfilm. As a result of this, Touchstone signed a deal with DreamWorks Pictures in 2011 starting with \"\"I Am Number Four\"\". In 2002, Marni Olsen (Kristen Bell) is an acne-riddled high school sophomore in Ridgefield, California, with glasses and braces, making a video about how much she hates high school, and reveals how she is tormented and bullied by other children, specifically J-J the high school mean girl (Odette Yustman), who made Marni's high school life miserable. She adds that her protective older brother, Will (James Wolk), was very popular as a handsome basketball player.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11068191", "chunk_text": "\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\nfor the funeral were filmed in Thurrock, Essex overlooking the River Thames with the backdrop of the Dartford River Crossing and at stately homes in Bedfordshire (Luton Hoo for wedding two's reception) and Hampshire. According to Hugh Grant, the initial screening of a rough-cut of \"\"Four Weddings\"\" went very badly. Throughout production, Gramercy Pictures, the U.S. distributor for the film, sent frequent transatlantic faxes objecting to the explicit language and sexual content, fearing the final product would not be suitable for American distribution or television airings. They particularly objected to the opening scene of the movie, in which Charles and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3115605", "chunk_text": "\"REC 4: Apocalypse\"\nwas announced the film would have its world premiere there in October 2013. An announcement trailer was released in late November, confirming the return of Manuela Velasco. However, in early May 2013, Balagueró stated that the film's production had been delayed and the film would now premiere sometime in mid-2014, but did confirm that Manuela Velasco would be starring in the fourth film. Teaser posters and an updated premise were released early May. Filming began on 13 July 2013 in Gran Canaria, aboard a Russian merchant navy ship. A theatrical trailer for the film was released in April 2014. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2002462", "chunk_text": "\"The Fourth Protocol (film)\"\nHeelands district of Milton Keynes, the main house featured is on Tranland Brigg, Heelands, Milton Keynes. Scenes set on the London Underground were shot at Charing Cross, Green Park, and Aldwych stations. For some of the interiors, rooms of King's College London on the Strand were used. The \"\"RAF Baywaters\"\" scenes were filmed at the now defunct RAF Upper Heyford as a take on the real life RAF Bentwaters. Filming also took place in Finland. Towards the end of the film, the car chase in Ipswich is actually shot in Chelmsford on the A1016 Chelmer Valley bypass which at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2200624", "chunk_text": "\"I Am Number Four (film)\"\nthree-disc Blu-ray, DVD, and \"\"Digital Copy\"\" combo pack versions additionally include six deleted scenes with an introduction from the director. In its first three weeks of release, 316,081 Blu-ray units were sold in the US, bringing in $7,693,808. As of October 2, 2011, the standard DVD of 'I am Number Four' has sold 767,692 copies in the United States, generating $12,571,326, and thus bringing the total gross to $166,247,931. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes reports a 33% approval rating and an average rating of 4.8/10 based on 158 reviews. The website's consensus reads, \"\"It's positioned as the start of a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16086784", "chunk_text": "\"I Am Number Four\"\nand Henri's alien secret, and John's legacies develop significantly. On their return, Henri insists they leave Paradise. John refuses, using his new found powers to express his adamance, and Henri relents. A few months pass, during which John trains in the use of his legacies. Henri gradually relaxes as John becomes more adept. At a party at Mark's house, a major fire breaks out, trapping Sarah, so John uses his powers to rescue her. He then reveals his secret to Sarah, and they lie to the police and a reporter about what happened. Later on, John also lies to Henri,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16545083", "chunk_text": "\"My Name Is Thomas\"\n19 April 2018. Film was presented on 8 December 2016 in the program \"\"Rischiatutto\"\", conducted by Fabio Fazio, where Terence Hill showed the trailer. In March 2018 was announced the final release of the film on 19 April. It was shot in Almería in locations as parque de las Almadrabillas, port of Almeria, Cable Inglés, Tabernas and Pescadería. Thomas starts from Italy to reach the desert in the Almeria area where he can meditate on the pages of a book he loves in a special way. Shortly after the departure on his Harley Davidson, he helps a girl, Lucia, to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7608920", "chunk_text": "\"Fantaghirò 4\"\nwas shot over ten and half weeks in Moravia and in Thailand where the scenes taking place in the fictional kingdom of Tohor were filmed). For \"\"Fantaghirò 4\"\", Kim Rossi Stuart (Romualdo) refused to take part in the film, forcing the writer Gianni Romoli had to create the film's plot in relation to the absence of Romualdo. The final scene where Romualdo back to having his likeness in front of the mirror was made using old footage played backwards and the part where he kisses Fantaghirò the end is exactly the same scene in the final of the first film", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19639033", "chunk_text": "\"Pink International Company\"\nfor completion in 2011, will be one of the largest in Europe. In addition to the sound stages, the studio complex consists of administrative office buildings, warehouses and a back lot (12.5 hectares), all located in Šimanovci just 15 minutes outside of Belgrade. PFI Studios provides full production support in addition to studio infrastructure to international film projects. To date, productions such as \"\"Lockout\"\" and \"\"The Raven\"\" have been shot there. PFI Studios has also co-produced Serbian films that have achieved local box office acclaim: \"\"Promeni me\"\" (Change Me), \"\"Četvrti čovek\"\" (The Fourth Man), \"\"Čitulja za Eskobara\"\" (Obituary for Escobar),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17571469", "chunk_text": "\"Series 4, Episode 8 (Cold Feet)\"\nto contrive the main plot of the fourth series so the characters would end up in Australia. Helen Baxendale was pregnant and could not fly to Australia, so all scenes featuring Rachel were filmed in Manchester and Salford, England. After location scouting and casting around the Sydney area in May and July, production in Australia ran for 18 days in October 2001. Locations used included a heritage home in Vaucluse for the wedding scenes, Palm Beach for a beach barbecue scene, and outside the Opera House. The episode was watched by nearly nine million people on its original UK broadcast", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7562321", "chunk_text": "\"The Fantastic Four (unreleased film)\"\nwas shot on the Concorde Pictures sound stage in Venice, California, as well as in Agoura, California for a spacecraft-crash scene, the Loyola Marymount University campus for a lab-explosion scene, and the former Pacific Stock Exchange building in downtown Los Angeles for team-meeting scenes. Costume designer Réve Richards recalled in 1993 going to Golden Apple Comics on Melrose Avenue in Los Angeles to buy \"\"Fantastic Four\"\" comic books for research, and, upon explaining his task, \"\"these people in the store just swarmed me and said, 'You are going to be faithful to it?' And I told them, 'This is why", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4837234", "chunk_text": "\"The Devil at 4 O'Clock\"\nvolcano begins to explode and destroy the mountain. Shot on location in Hawaii and California; a \"\"volcano\"\" had to be specially built on farmland outside of Fallbrook, California, which was detonated using almost a ton of explosives. The explosion nearly killed the helicopter pilot and camera man who were filming it. The effects were considered so good that they have been reused as stock footage over the years. Because of Tracy's demand of top billing in any movie he starred in, Sinatra ceded top-billing in order to secure Tracy for the film. The film was the most expensive that Columbia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17571485", "chunk_text": "\"Series 4, Episode 8 (Cold Feet)\"\nthe set together.\"\" Production in Sydney commenced the week beginning 1 October and lasted for 18 days. The main cast and Sean Pertwee were flown out along with a skeleton crew. Additional staff were drawn from those already working for Granada Australia, the Australian production arm of Granada Productions, as flying a complete British crew overseas would have been prohibitively expensive. Filming locations included Hyde Park, Kirribilli, Double Bay and the Northern Beaches. The scenes of Shawn's barbecue were filmed in Palm Beach and the facade of a terraced house in Paddington was used for an establishing scene of Lucy's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17571486", "chunk_text": "\"Series 4, Episode 8 (Cold Feet)\"\napartment. The wedding scenes were set in the grounds of Strickland House, Vaucluse. Another scene was filmed on location outside the Sydney Opera House. While preparing for the scene, Hermione Norris and Robert Bathurst were distracted by a group of British tourists yelling that Karen should leave David after David's affair in Series 3. The group remained quiet when the scene was being shot. Karen and David's apartment was filmed at a building near Luna Park in Milsons Point. A stunt team co-ordinated the fight scene between Mark and David but could not convincingly choreograph a headbutt between Mark and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5720007", "chunk_text": "\"I Am Legend (film)\"\n\"\"I Am Legend\"\" in 1994, and various actors and directors were attached to the project, though production was delayed due to budgetary concerns related to the script. Production began in 2006 in New York City, filming mainly on location in the city, including a $5 million scene at the Brooklyn Bridge. It is the third feature-film adaptation of Richard Matheson's 1954 \"\"I Am Legend\"\" novel, following 1964's \"\"The Last Man on Earth\"\" and 1971's \"\"The Omega Man\"\". The film was released on December 14, 2007, in the United States and Canada, and opened to the largest ever box office (not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17571482", "chunk_text": "\"Series 4, Episode 8 (Cold Feet)\"\nby producer Spencer Campbell and production designer Chris Truelove, who made preliminary casting decisions and scouted more locations. They finalised the arrangements in July. Unusually, the production schedule was drawn up without a final script in place. This caused complications as Campbell allocated too much time for filming in Sydney and not enough in Manchester. As a result, some scenes set in Sydney were filmed in Manchester; the scene where the characters arrive at Sydney Airport was filmed in a hall at the University of Manchester. Campbell rationalised that viewers who had never been to Sydney would not be able", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_358	another name for the torso is the blank region of the body?	n/a	[ "trunk" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7584398", "chunk_text": "Torso\nTorso The torso or trunk is an anatomical term for the central part or core of many animal bodies (including humans) from which extend the neck and limbs. The torso includes: the chest, abdomen, and back. Most critical organs are housed within the torso. In the upper chest, the heart and lungs are protected by the rib cage, and the abdomen contains most of the organs responsible for digestion: the stomach, which breaks down partially digested food via gastric acid; the liver, which respectively produces bile necessary for digestion; the large and small intestines, which extract nutrients from food; the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9524922", "chunk_text": "\"Anatomical terminology\"\nreferred to as the \"\"thorax\"\" and \"\"abdomen\"\". The back as a general area is the dorsum or dorsal area, and the lower back is the lumbus or lumbar region. The shoulder blades are the scapular area and the breastbone is the sternal region. The abdominal area is the region between the chest and the pelvis. The breast is also called the mammary region, the armpit as the axilla and axillary, and the navel as the umbilicus and umbilical. The pelvis is the lower torso, between the abdomen and the thighs. The groin, where the thigh joins the trunk, are the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7584400", "chunk_text": "Torso\nand lumbar parts of the spinal cord. Some organs also receive a nerve supply from the vagus nerve. The sensation to the skin is provided by: Torso The torso or trunk is an anatomical term for the central part or core of many animal bodies (including humans) from which extend the neck and limbs. The torso includes: the chest, abdomen, and back. Most critical organs are housed within the torso. In the upper chest, the heart and lungs are protected by the rib cage, and the abdomen contains most of the organs responsible for digestion: the stomach, which breaks down", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5662937", "chunk_text": "Abdomen\nbody section posterior to that bearing the legs and head (the prosoma or cephalothorax). Abdomen The abdomen (less formally called the belly, stomach, tummy or midriff) constitutes the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates. The region occupied by the abdomen is termed the abdominal cavity. In arthropods it is the posterior tagma of the body; it follows the thorax or cephalothorax. The abdomen stretches from the thorax at the thoracic diaphragm to the pelvis at the pelvic brim. The pelvic brim stretches from the lumbosacral joint (the intervertebral disc between", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7235332", "chunk_text": "Thorax\nthoracic portion of the spine, collarbone, and the rib cage and floating ribs). External structures are the skin and nipples. In the human body, the region of the thorax between the neck and diaphragm in the front of the body is called the chest. The corresponding area in an animal can also be referred to as the chest. The shape of the chest does not correspond to that part of the thoracic skeleton that encloses the heart and lungs. All the breadth of the shoulders is due to the shoulder girdle, and contains the axillae and the heads of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20020712", "chunk_text": "Pelvis\nPelvis The pelvis (plural pelves or pelvises) is either the lower part of the trunk of the human body between the abdomen and the thighs (sometimes also called pelvic region of the trunk) or the skeleton embedded in it (sometimes also called bony pelvis, or pelvic skeleton). The pelvic region of the trunk includes the bony pelvis, the pelvic cavity (the space enclosed by the bony pelvis), the pelvic floor, below the pelvic cavity, and the perineum, below the pelvic floor. The pelvic skeleton is formed in the area of the back, by the sacrum and the coccyx and anteriorly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18269683", "chunk_text": "\"Surface anatomy\"\nSome sources include the fourth left interspace. Human female breasts are located on the chest wall, most frequently between the second and sixth rib. On the trunk of the body in the thoracic area, the shoulder in general is the acromial, while the curve of the shoulder is the deltoid. The back as a general area is the dorsum or dorsal area, and the lower back as the limbus or lumbar region. The shoulderblades are the scapular area and the breastbone is the sternal region. The abdominal area is the region between the chest and the pelvis. The breast is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18269684", "chunk_text": "\"Surface anatomy\"\ncalled the mamma or mammary, the armpit as the axilla and axillary, and the navel as the umbilicus and umbilical. The pelvis is the lower torso, between the abdomen and the thighs. The groin, where the thigh joins the trunk, are the inguen and inguinal area. The entire arm is referred to as the brachium and brachial, the front of the elbow as the antecubitis and antecubital, the back of the elbow as the olecranon or olecranal, the forearm as the antebrachium and antebrachial, the wrist as the carpus and carpal area, the hand as the manus and manual, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7725274", "chunk_text": "Abdomen\nAbdomen The abdomen (less formally called the belly, stomach, tummy or midriff) constitutes the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates. The region occupied by the abdomen is termed the abdominal cavity. In arthropods it is the posterior tagma of the body; it follows the thorax or cephalothorax. The abdomen stretches from the thorax at the thoracic diaphragm to the pelvis at the pelvic brim. The pelvic brim stretches from the lumbosacral joint (the intervertebral disc between L5 and S1) to the pubic symphysis and is the edge of the pelvic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14689219", "chunk_text": "\"Ventral body cavity\"\nhypochondriac regions; the right and left lumbar regions which flank the umbilical region (which surrounds the umbilicus, or belly button), the right and left iliac and inguinal regions which are where the hips are, and the hypogastric/pubic region, which lies between the hips. The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by the diaphragm. The thoracic cavity is further separated into the pleural cavity which contains the lungs and the superior mediastinum which includes the pericardial (heart) cavity. The organs within the ventral body cavity are called the viscera. Ventral body cavity The ventral body cavity is a human", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11419576", "chunk_text": "Sternum\nSternum The sternum or breastbone is a long flat bone located in the center of the chest. It connects to the ribs via cartilage and forms the front of the rib cage, thus helping to protect the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels from injury. Shaped roughly like a necktie, it is one of the largest and longest flat bones of the body. Its three regions are the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process. The word \"\"sternum\"\" originates from the Greek στέρνον, meaning \"\"chest\"\". The sternum is a long, flat bone, forming the middle portion of the front of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9672915", "chunk_text": "\"Core (anatomy)\"\nCore (anatomy) In common parlance, the core of the body is broadly considered to be the torso. Functional movements are highly dependent on this part of the body, and lack of core muscular development can result in a predisposition to injury. The major muscles of the core reside in the area of the belly and the mid and lower back (not the shoulders), and peripherally include the hips, the shoulders and the neck. Major muscles included are the pelvic floor muscles, transversus abdominis, multifidus, internal and external obliques, rectus abdominis, erector spinae (sacrospinalis) especially the longissimus thoracis, and the diaphragm.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7584399", "chunk_text": "Torso\nanus, from which fecal wastes are egested; the rectum, which stores feces; the gallbladder, which stores and concentrates bile; the kidneys, which produce urine, the ureters, which pass it to the bladder for storage; and the urethra, which excretes urine and in a male passes sperm through the seminal vesicles. Finally, the pelvic region houses both the male and female reproductive organs. The torso also harbours many of the main groups of muscles in the body, including the: The organs, muscles, and other contents of the torso are supplied by nerves, which mainly originate as nerve roots from the thoracic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20020762", "chunk_text": "Pelvis\nprevious closed canopy forest. The apes in this environment were compelled to travel from one clump of trees to another across open country. This led to a number of complementary changes to the human pelvis. It is suggested that bipedalism was the result. Pelvis The pelvis (plural pelves or pelvises) is either the lower part of the trunk of the human body between the abdomen and the thighs (sometimes also called pelvic region of the trunk) or the skeleton embedded in it (sometimes also called bony pelvis, or pelvic skeleton). The pelvic region of the trunk includes the bony pelvis,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16920667", "chunk_text": "\"Anatomical terminology\"\nas in the brachial region of the arm. The first word describes what is being spoken about, the second describes it, and the third points to location. When describing the position of anatomical structures, structures may be described according to the anatomical landmark they are near. These landmarks may include structures, such as the umbilicus or sternum, or anatomical \"\"lines\"\", such as the \"\"midclavicular line\"\" from the centre of the clavicle. The cephalon or cephalic region refers to the head. This area is further differentiated into the cranium (skull), facies (face), frons (forehead), oculus (eye area), auris (ear), bucca (cheek),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16042401", "chunk_text": "Hypochondrium\nHypochondrium In anatomy, the division of the abdomen into regions can employ a nine-region scheme, in which the hypochondrium is the upper part of the abdomen on either side, inferior to (below) the thorax, in the area of the lower ribs. The liver is in the right hypochondrium; the spleen and much of the stomach are in the left hypochondrium. The epigastrium intervenes. The word derives from : \"\"hupochondros\"\", meaning abdomen, or literally \"\"under cartilage\"\" or \"\"below the cartilage\"\". The word once referred only to the soft portion of the abdomen between the rib cage and the navel (the region", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7235330", "chunk_text": "Thorax\nThorax The thorax or chest (from the Greek θώραξ \"\"thorax\"\" \"\"breastplate, cuirass, corslet\"\" via ) is a part of the anatomy of humans and various other animals located between the neck and the abdomen. The thorax includes the thoracic cavity and the thoracic wall. It contains organs including the heart, lungs, and thymus gland, as well as muscles and various other internal structures. Many diseases may affect the chest, and one of the most common symptoms is chest pain. In humans and other hominids, the thorax is the chest region of the body between the neck and the abdomen, along", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1914022", "chunk_text": "Hypochondrium\nthe chest wall. In clinical situations, the parts of the abdominal wall just below the right and left costal margins are referred to as the right and left hypochondriac regions respectively. Clinically speaking, symptoms and signs arising from this region are of great importance and have a specific list of diseases in their differential diagnoses. Hypochondrium In anatomy, the division of the abdomen into regions can employ a nine-region scheme, in which the hypochondrium is the upper part of the abdomen on either side, inferior to (below) the thorax, in the area of the lower ribs. The liver is in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12345094", "chunk_text": "\"Coronal plane\"\ndescription of the coronal plane applies to most animals as well as humans even though humans walk upright and the various planes are usually shown in the vertical orientation. The sternal plane (\"\"planum sternale\"\") is a coronal plane which transects the front of the sternum. The term is derived from Latin corona (“garland, crown”), from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korōnē, “garland, wreath”). Coronal plane A coronal plane (also known as the frontal plane) is any vertical plane that divides the body into ventral and dorsal (belly and back) sections. It is one of the three main planes of the body used", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20788124", "chunk_text": "Fascia\nall of the regions of the body, that blends with the reticular dermis layer. It is present on the face, over the upper portion of the sternocleidomastoid, at the nape of the neck, and overlying the breastbone. It consists mainly of loose areolar, and fatty adipose connective tissue and is the layer that primarily determines the shape of a body. In addition to its subcutaneous presence, superficial fascia surrounds organs and glands, neurovascular bundles, and is found at many other locations where it fills otherwise unoccupied space. It serves as a storage medium of fat and water; as a passageway", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7879648", "chunk_text": "\"Coronal plane\"\nCoronal plane A coronal plane (also known as the frontal plane) is any vertical plane that divides the body into ventral and dorsal (belly and back) sections. It is one of the three main planes of the body used to describe the location of body parts in relation to each other.axis The coronal plane is an example of a longitudinal plane, because it is perpendicular to the transverse plane. For a human, the mid-coronal plane would transect a standing body into two halves (front and back, or anterior and posterior) in an imaginary line that cuts through both shoulders. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9181278", "chunk_text": "Toplessness\nToplessness Toplessness refers to the state in which a woman's torso is exposed above her waist or hips, or with at least her breasts, areola, and nipples being exposed, especially in a public place or in a visual medium. The male equivalent is barechestedness, also commonly called shirtlessness. In the past and in some cases until the present, social conventions and concepts of modesty in some cultures required females to completely cover their bodies below the neck, and sometimes above as well. Exposure of the torso, breasts, midriff and navel were especially taboo. While exposed breasts were and are normal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13678077", "chunk_text": "Neck\nNeck The neck is the part of the body, on many vertebrates, that separates the head from the torso. It contains blood vessels and nerves that supply structures in the head to the body. These in humans include part of the esophagus, the larynx, trachea, and thyroid gland, major blood vessels including the carotid arteries and jugular veins, and the top part of the spinal cord. In anatomy, the neck is also called by its Latin names, cervix or collum, although when used alone, in context, the word \"\"cervix\"\" more often refers to the uterine cervix, the neck of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5157357", "chunk_text": "Navel\nsize, informed by the belief that the navel symbolized the center where life began. In Mediterranean culture, belly dancing is a popular art form that consists of dance movements focused on the torso and navel. Navel The navel (clinically known as the umbilicus, colloquially known as the belly button, or tummy button) is a protruding, flat, or hollowed area on the abdomen at the attachment site of the umbilical cord. All placental mammals have a navel. The umbilicus is used to visually separate the abdomen into quadrants. The umbilicus is a prominent scar on the abdomen, with its position being", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8526869", "chunk_text": "Waist\nWaist The waist is the part of the abdomen between the rib cage and hips. On people with slim bodies, the waist is the narrowest part of the torso. The waistline refers to the horizontal line where the waist is narrowest, or to the general appearance of the waist. Because of this and because the waist is often synonymous with the stomach, one can become confused as to the exact location of the waist. Another confusing factor is that the waistline differs on different people. A study showed that self-reported measurements as opposed to measurement done by a technician, underestimated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20020714", "chunk_text": "Pelvis\npelvis has a gap in the middle, significantly larger in females than in males. Their young pass through this gap when they are born. The pelvic region of the trunk is the lower part of the trunk, between the abdomen and the thighs. It includes several structures: the bony pelvis, the pelvic cavity, the pelvic floor, and the perineum. The bony pelvis (pelvic skeleton) is the part of the skeleton embedded in the pelvic region of the trunk. It is subdivided into the pelvic girdle and the pelvic spine. The pelvic girdle is composed of the appendicular hip bones (ilium,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7235347", "chunk_text": "Thorax\ncases the sclerites are fused to various degrees. Thorax The thorax or chest (from the Greek θώραξ \"\"thorax\"\" \"\"breastplate, cuirass, corslet\"\" via ) is a part of the anatomy of humans and various other animals located between the neck and the abdomen. The thorax includes the thoracic cavity and the thoracic wall. It contains organs including the heart, lungs, and thymus gland, as well as muscles and various other internal structures. Many diseases may affect the chest, and one of the most common symptoms is chest pain. In humans and other hominids, the thorax is the chest region of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7534959", "chunk_text": "Waist\nHigh German wahst \"\"growth, increase,\"\" Gothic wahstus \"\"stature,\"\" Old English weaxan \"\"to grow\"\". Waist The waist is the part of the abdomen between the rib cage and hips. On people with slim bodies, the waist is the narrowest part of the torso. The waistline refers to the horizontal line where the waist is narrowest, or to the general appearance of the waist. Because of this and because the waist is often synonymous with the stomach, one can become confused as to the exact location of the waist. Another confusing factor is that the waistline differs on different people. A study", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8013492", "chunk_text": "\"Anatomical terminology\"\nof the left ribs. The epigastric region is the upper central square and contains the bottom edge of the liver as well as the upper areas of the stomach. The diaphragm curves like an upside down U over these three regions. The central right region is called the right lumbar region and contains the ascending colon and the right edge of the small intestines. The central square contains the transverse colon and the upper regions of the small intestines. The left lumbar region contains the left edge of the transverse colon and the left edge of the small intestine. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7725292", "chunk_text": "Abdomen\nand two vertical lines divide the abdomen into nine \"\"regions.\"\" (Note that \"\"hypo\"\" means \"\"below\"\" and \"\"epi\"\" means \"\"above\"\", while \"\"chondron\"\" means \"\"cartilage\"\" (in this case, the cartilage of the rib) and \"\"gaster\"\" means stomach. The reversal of \"\"left\"\" and \"\"right\"\" is intentional, because the anatomical designations reflect the patient's own right and left.) The right iliac fossa (RIF) is a common site of pain and tenderness in patients who have appendicitis. The fossa is named for the underlying iliac fossa of the hip bone, and thus is somewhat imprecise. Most of the anatomical structures that will produce pain and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10201825", "chunk_text": "Neck\nabsence in fish and aquatic arthropods is notable, as many have life stations similar to a terrestrial or tetrapod counterpart, or could otherwise make use of the added flexibility. The word \"\"neck\"\" is sometimes used as a convenience to refer to the region behind the head in some snails, gastropod mollusks, even though there is no clear distinction between this area, the head area, and the rest of the body. Neck The neck is the part of the body, on many vertebrates, that separates the head from the torso. It contains blood vessels and nerves that supply structures in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4384852", "chunk_text": "\"Anatomical terminology\"\noften described in \"\"planes\"\", referring to two-dimensional \"\"sections\"\" of the body. A \"\"section\"\" is a two-dimensional surface of a three-dimensional structure that has been cut. A plane is an imaginary two-dimensional surface that passes through the body. Three planes are commonly referred to in anatomy and medicine: Anatomical terms may be used to describe the functional state of an organ: The term \"\"anatomical variation\"\" is used to refer to a difference in anatomical structures that is not regarded as a disease. Many structures vary slightly between people, for example muscles that attach in slightly different places. For example, the presence", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5157351", "chunk_text": "Navel\nNavel The navel (clinically known as the umbilicus, colloquially known as the belly button, or tummy button) is a protruding, flat, or hollowed area on the abdomen at the attachment site of the umbilical cord. All placental mammals have a navel. The umbilicus is used to visually separate the abdomen into quadrants. The umbilicus is a prominent scar on the abdomen, with its position being relatively consistent among humans. The skin around the waist at the level of the umbilicus is supplied by the tenth thoracic spinal nerve (T10 dermatome). The umbilicus itself typically lies at a vertical level corresponding", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17065010", "chunk_text": "Lumbar\nLumbar In tetrapod anatomy, lumbar is an adjective that means \"\"of or pertaining to the abdominal segment of the torso, between the diaphragm and the sacrum.\"\" The lumbar region is sometimes referred to as the lower spine, or as an area of the back in its proximity. In human anatomy the five lumbar vertebrae (vertebrae in the lumbar region of the back) are the largest and strongest in the movable part of the spinal column, and can be distinguished by the absence of a foramen in the transverse process, and by the absence of facets on the sides of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1033884", "chunk_text": "\"Pectoralis major\"\nPectoralis major The pectoralis major () is a thick, fan-shaped muscle, situated at the chest (anterior) of the human body. It makes up the bulk of the chest muscles and lies under the breast. Below (deep to) the pectoralis major is the pectoralis minor, a thin, triangular muscle. In sports as well as bodybuilding, the pectoral muscles may colloquially be referred to as \"\"pecs\"\", \"\"pectoral muscle\"\" or \"\"chest muscle\"\" due to its being the larger and most superficial muscle in the chest area. It arises from the anterior surface of the sternal half of the clavicle; from breadth of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10346330", "chunk_text": "Anatomy\npouch where it latches on to a nipple and completes its development. Humans have the overall body plan of a mammal. Humans have a head, neck, trunk (which includes the thorax and abdomen), two arms and hands, and two legs and feet. Generally, students of certain biological sciences, paramedics, prosthetists and orthotists, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, nurses, podiatrists, and medical students learn gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy from anatomical models, skeletons, textbooks, diagrams, photographs, lectures and tutorials, and in addition, medical students generally also learn gross anatomy through practical experience of dissection and inspection of cadavers. The study of microscopic anatomy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14689218", "chunk_text": "\"Ventral body cavity\"\nright upper quadrant, the left upper quadrant, the right lower quadrant, and the left lower quadrant. The directional terms refer to the model's right and left, not the viewer's. Clinicians use the quadrant method because in reality, organs are mobile and move around when the patient is in different positions. The second method for dividing the abdominopelvic cavity is preferred by anatomists. This method divides the cavity into nine regions. The regions are the left and right hypochondriac regions, so named because they lie under the ribs; the epigastric region which is approximately where the stomach is located between the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13713849", "chunk_text": "Scapula\nhead, processes, and the thickened parts of the bone contain cancellous tissue; the rest consists of a thin layer of compact tissue. The central part of the supraspinatus fossa and the upper part of the infraspinatous fossa, but especially the former, are usually so thin in humans as to be semitransparent; occasionally the bone is found wanting in this situation, and the adjacent muscles are separated only by fibrous tissue. The scapula has two surfaces, three borders, three angles, and three processes. The front of the scapula (also known as the costal or ventral surface) has a broad concavity called", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "46506", "chunk_text": "\"Quadrant (abdomen)\"\nQuadrant (abdomen) The human abdomen is divided into regions by anatomists and physicians for purposes of study, diagnosis, and therapy. In the four-region scheme, four quadrants allow localisation of pain and tenderness, scars, lumps, and other items of interest, narrowing in on which organs and tissues may be involved. The quadrants are referred to as the left lower quadrant, left upper quadrant, right upper quadrant and right lower quadrant, as follows below. These terms are not used in comparative anatomy, since most other animals do not stand erect. Left lower quadrant: Left upper quadrant: Right upper quadrant: Right lower quadrant:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9520372", "chunk_text": "\"Surface anatomy\"\nSurface anatomy Surface anatomy (also called superficial anatomy and visual anatomy) is the study of the external features of the body of an animal. In birds this is termed \"\"topography\"\". Surface anatomy deals with anatomical features that can be studied by sight, without dissection. As such, it is a branch of gross anatomy, along with endoscopic and radiological anatomy. Surface anatomy is a descriptive science. In particular, in the case of human surface anatomy, these are the form and proportions of the human body and the surface landmarks which correspond to deeper structures hidden from view, both in static pose", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11145735", "chunk_text": "\"Supernumerary body part\"\nSupernumerary body part Supernumerary body parts are most commonly a congenital disorder involving the growth of an additional part of the body and a deviation from the body plan. Body parts may be easily visible or hidden away, such as internal organs. Many additional body parts form by the same process as conjoined twins: the zygote begins to split but fails to completely separate. This condition may also be a symptom of repeated occurrences of continuous inbreeding in a genetic line. Specific types of additional body parts include: Vestigial structures are anatomical structures of organisms in a species which are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11809107", "chunk_text": "\"Umbilical region\"\nregions. The bottom three regions, from left to right, are the left inguinal, hypogastric, and right inguinal regions. Umbilical region The umbilical region, in the anatomists' abdominal pelvic nine-region scheme, is the area surrounding the umbilicus and it is placed approximately on middle of distance between xiphoid process and pubic symphysis (navel). This region of the abdomen contains part of the stomach, the head of the pancreas, the duodenum, a section of the transverse colon and the lower aspects of the left and right kidney. The upper three regions, from left to right, are the left hypochondriac, epigastric, and right", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13713847", "chunk_text": "Scapula\nderived from ὦμος (ōmos), the Ancient Greek word for shoulder, and is cognate with the Latin \"\"(h)umerus\"\". The scapula forms the back of the shoulder girdle. In humans, it is a flat bone, roughly triangular in shape, placed on a posterolateral aspect of the thoracic cage. The scapula is a wide, flat bone lying on the thoracic wall that provides an attachment for three groups of muscles: intrinsic, extrinsic, and stabilising and rotating muscles. The intrinsic muscles of the scapula include the muscles of the rotator cuff—the subscapularis, teres minor, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus. These muscles attach to the surface of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2520148", "chunk_text": "\"Bare area of the liver\"\nBare area of the liver The bare area of the liver (nonperitoneal area) is a large triangular area on the diaphragmatic surface of the liver, devoid of peritoneal covering. It is attached directly to the diaphragm by loose connective tissue. The coronary ligament represent reflections of the visceral peritoneum covering the liver onto the diaphragm. As such, between the two layers of the coronary ligament lies the bare area of the liver, and this is attached to the diaphragm by areolar tissue. The bare area of the liver is still covered by Glisson's capsule, the fibrous capsule that sheathes the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13808669", "chunk_text": "\"Human back\"\nHuman back The human back is the large posterior area of the human body, rising from the top of the buttocks to the back of the neck and the shoulders. It is the surface of the body opposite from the chest. The vertebral column runs the length of the back and creates a central area of recession. The breadth of the back is created by the shoulders at the top and the pelvis at the bottom. Back pain is a common medical condition, generally benign in origin. The central feature of the human back is the vertebral column, specifically the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7470268", "chunk_text": "\"Ectopia cordis\"\nEctopia cordis Ectopia cordis (Greek: \"\"\"\"away / out of place\"\"\"\" + Latin: \"\"\"\"heart\"\"\"\") is a congenital malformation in which the heart is abnormally located either partially or totally outside of the thorax. The ectopic heart can be found along a spectrum of anatomical locations, including the neck, chest, or abdomen. In most cases, the heart protrudes outside the chest through a split sternum. Ectopia cordis results from a failure of proper maturation of midline mesoderm and ventral body wall formation during embryonic development. The exact etiology remains unknown, but abnormalities in the lateral body wall folds are believed to be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4384856", "chunk_text": "\"Anatomical terminology\"\nand \"\"visceral\"\", surrounding a fluid filled space. The visceral layer of the membrane covers the organ (the viscera), and the parietal layer lines the walls of the body cavity (pariet- refers to a cavity wall). Between the parietal and visceral layers is a very thin, fluid-filled serous space, or cavity. For example, the pericardium is the serous cavity which surrounds the heart. Anatomical terminology Anatomical terminology is a form of scientific terminology used by anatomists, zoologists, and health professionals such as doctors. Anatomical terminology uses many unique terms, suffixes, and prefixes deriving from Ancient Greek and Latin. These terms can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11419580", "chunk_text": "Sternum\nthe second is a narrow, curved edge, which slopes from above downward towards the middle. Also, the superior sternopericardial ligament attaches the pericardium to the posterior side of the manubrium. The body, or gladiolus, is the longest part. It is flat and considered to have only a front and back surface. It is flat on the front, directed upward and forward, and marked by three transverse ridges which cross the bone opposite the third, fourth, and fifth articular depressions. The pectoralis major attaches to it on either side. At the junction of the third and fourth parts of the body", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16876949", "chunk_text": "\"Human back\"\nof the shoulders. The muscles of the back can be divided into three distinct groups; a superficial group, an intermediate group and a deep group. The superficial group, also known as the appendicular group, is primarily associated with movement of the appendicular skeleton. It is composed of trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor and levator scapulae. It is innervated by anterior rami of spinal nerves, reflecting its embryological origin outside the back. The intermediate group is also known as respiratory group as it may serve a respiratory function. It is composed of serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6934192", "chunk_text": "\"Pectoral muscles\"\nPectoral muscles Pectoral muscles (colloquially referred to as \"\"pecs\"\") are the muscles that connect the front of the human chest with the bones of the upper arm and shoulder. Pectoralis major is a thick, fan-shaped muscle, which makes up the bulk of the chest muscle. It lies under the breast. It serves to flex, extend, and rotate the humerus, the long bone of the upper arm. Pectoralis minor is a thin, triangular muscle located beneath the pectoralis major. It attaches to the ribs, and serves to stabilize the scapula, the large bone of the shoulder. The pectoral fascia is a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_359	where does blood go when it leaves the pulmonary artery?	n/a	[ "lungs", "The pulmonary vein" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17628518", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary circulation\"\nHuman knowledge of pulmonary circulation grew gradually over centuries, and scientists Ibn al-Nafis, Michael Servetus, and William Harvey provided some of the first accurate descriptions of this process. Deoxygenated blood leaves the heart, goes to the lungs, and then re-enters the heart; Deoxygenated blood leaves through the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery. From the right atrium, the blood is pumped through the tricuspid valve (or right atrioventricular valve), into the right ventricle. Blood is then pumped from the right ventricle through the pulmonary valve and into the main pulmonary artery. The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7144207", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary artery\"\nPulmonary artery A pulmonary artery is an artery in the pulmonary circulation that carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs. The largest pulmonary artery is the \"\"main pulmonary artery.\"\" or \"\"pulmonary trunk\"\" from the heart, and the smallest ones are the arterioles, which lead to the capillaries that surround the pulmonary alveoli. In order of blood flow, the pulmonary arteries start as the pulmonary trunk or main pulmonary artery. The main pulmonary artery begins at the base of the right ventricle. It is short and wide—approximately in length and in diameter. The main pulmonary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17628519", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary circulation\"\nwhere carbon dioxide is released and oxygen is picked up during respiration. Arteries are further divided into very fine capillaries which are extremely thin-walled. The pulmonary vein returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart. The oxygenated blood then leaves the lungs through pulmonary veins, which return it to the left heart, completing the pulmonary cycle. This blood then enters the left atrium, which pumps it through the mitral valve into the left ventricle. From the left ventricle, the blood passes through the aortic valve to the aorta. The blood is then distributed to the body through the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17628517", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary circulation\"\nPulmonary circulation The pulmonary circulation is the portion of the circulatory system which carries deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle of the heart, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium and ventricle of the heart. The term pulmonary circulation is readily paired and contrasted with the systemic circulation. The vessels of the pulmonary circulation are the pulmonary arteries and the pulmonary veins. A separate system known as the bronchial circulation supplies oxygenated blood to the tissue of the larger airways of the lung. The earliest human discussions of pulmonary circulation date back to Egyptian times.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7144214", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary artery\"\nafter a period of immobility. A pulmonary embolus is a common cause of death in patients with cancer and stroke. A large pulmonary embolus which becomes lodged in the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk with extensions into both the left and right main pulmonary arteries is called a \"\"saddle embolus\"\". Pulmonary artery A pulmonary artery is an artery in the pulmonary circulation that carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs. The largest pulmonary artery is the \"\"main pulmonary artery.\"\" or \"\"pulmonary trunk\"\" from the heart, and the smallest ones are the arterioles, which lead", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7144211", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary artery\"\nand right ventricles. As a septum develops between the two ventricles of the heart, two bulges form on either side of the truncus arteriosus. These progressively enlarge until the trunk splits into the aorta and pulmonary arteries. During early development, the ductus arteriosis connects the pulmonary trunk and the aortic arch, allowing blood to bypass the lungs. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. The blood here passes through capillaries adjacent to alveoli and becomes oxygenated as part of the process of respiration. In contrast to the \"\"pulmonary arteries\"\", the bronchial arteries supply nutrition", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17628520", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary circulation\"\nsystemic circulation before returning again to the pulmonary circulation. From the right ventricle, blood is pumped through the semilunar pulmonary valve into the left and right main pulmonary arteries (one for each lung), which branch into smaller pulmonary arteries that spread throughout the lungs. The pulmonary circulation loop is virtually bypassed in fetal circulation. The fetal lungs are collapsed, and blood passes from the right atrium directly into the left atrium through the foramen ovale: an open conduit between the paired atria, or through the ductus arteriosus: a shunt between the pulmonary artery and the aorta. When the lungs expand", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7784444", "chunk_text": "Heart\nand the blood is pumped into the pulmonary trunk through the pulmonary valve. The pulmonary trunk divides into pulmonary arteries and progressively smaller arteries throughout the lungs, until it reaches capillaries. As these pass by alveoli carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen. This happens through the passive process of diffusion. In the left heart, oxygenated blood is returned to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins. It is then pumped into the left ventricle through the mitral valve and into the aorta through the aortic valve for systemic circulation. The aorta is a large artery that branches into many smaller", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19871854", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary vein\"\ndrain into the pulmonary circulation in whole or in part, this is known as a total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (or drainage), or partial anomalous pulmonary connection, respectively. Pulmonary vein The pulmonary veins are the veins that transfer oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. The largest pulmonary veins are the four \"\"main pulmonary veins\"\", two from each lung that drain into the left atrium of the heart. The pulmonary veins are part of the pulmonary circulation. Two main pulmonary veins emerge from each lung hilum, receiving blood from three or four bronchial veins apiece and draining into the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19871851", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary vein\"\nPulmonary vein The pulmonary veins are the veins that transfer oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. The largest pulmonary veins are the four \"\"main pulmonary veins\"\", two from each lung that drain into the left atrium of the heart. The pulmonary veins are part of the pulmonary circulation. Two main pulmonary veins emerge from each lung hilum, receiving blood from three or four bronchial veins apiece and draining into the left atrium. An inferior and superior main vein drains each lung, so there are four main veins in total. At the root of the lung, the right superior", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19697710", "chunk_text": "\"Venous blood\"\nVenous blood Venous blood is deoxygenated blood which travels from the peripheral vessels, through the venous system into the right atrium of the heart. Deoxygenated blood is then pumped by the right ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary artery which is divided in two branches, left and right to the left and right lungs respectively. Blood is oxygenated in the lungs and returns to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins. Venous blood is typically colder than arterial blood, and has a lower oxygen content and pH. It also has lower concentrations of glucose and other nutrients, and has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10854228", "chunk_text": "\"Circulatory system\"\npulmonary vein. Oxygen deprived blood from the superior and inferior vena cava enters the right atrium of the heart and flows through the tricuspid valve (right atrioventricular valve) into the right ventricle, from which it is then pumped through the pulmonary semilunar valve into the pulmonary artery to the lungs. Gas exchange occurs in the lungs, whereby is released from the blood, and oxygen is absorbed. The pulmonary vein returns the now oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium. A separate system known as the bronchial circulation supplies blood to the tissue of the larger airways of the lung. Systemic circulation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7782509", "chunk_text": "Artery\nArtery An artery (plural arteries) () is a blood vessel that takes blood away from the heart to all parts of the body (tissues, lungs, etc). Most arteries carry oxygenated blood; the two exceptions are the pulmonary and the umbilical arteries, which carry deoxygenated blood to the organs that oxygenate it. The effective arterial blood volume is that extracellular fluid which fills the arterial system. The arteries are part of the circulatory system, which is responsible for the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to all cells, as well as the removal of carbon dioxide and waste products, the maintenance of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1182580", "chunk_text": "Artery\naway from the heart to the tissues, except for pulmonary arteries, which carry blood to the lungs for oxygenation (usually veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart but the pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood as well). There are two types of unique arteries. The pulmonary artery carries blood from the heart to the lungs, where it receives oxygen. It is unique because the blood in it is not \"\"oxygenated\"\", as it has not yet passed through the lungs. The other unique artery is the umbilical artery, which carries deoxygenated blood from a fetus to its mother. Arteries have a blood", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7784442", "chunk_text": "Heart\nto and from the body and the pulmonary circulation to and from the lungs. Blood in the pulmonary circulation exchanges carbon dioxide for oxygen in the lungs through the process of respiration. The systemic circulation then transports oxygen to the body and returns carbon dioxide and relatively deoxygenated blood to the heart for transfer to the lungs. The right heart collects deoxygenated blood from two large veins, the superior and inferior venae cavae. Blood collects in the right and left atrium continuously. The superior vena cava drains blood from above the diaphragm and empties into the upper back part of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10438464", "chunk_text": "Blood\nvary somewhat between species. In non-mammalian vertebrates, however, there are some key differences: Blood is circulated around the body through blood vessels by the pumping action of the heart. In humans, blood is pumped from the strong left ventricle of the heart through arteries to peripheral tissues and returns to the right atrium of the heart through veins. It then enters the right ventricle and is pumped through the pulmonary artery to the lungs and returns to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins. Blood then enters the left ventricle to be circulated again. Arterial blood carries oxygen from inhaled", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17628535", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary circulation\"\n\"\"De re anatomica libri XV,\"\" in 1559 that accurately described pulmonary circulation as well. It is still debated among historians as to whether or not Colombo reached his conclusions on his own or if he based his work on those of al-Nafis and Servetus. Finally, William Harvey provided the most complete and accurate description of pulmonary circulation of any of the European physicians in his treatise \"\"Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus\"\" in 1628. Pulmonary circulation The pulmonary circulation is the portion of the circulatory system which carries deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5058737", "chunk_text": "\"Blood vessel\"\nvessels function to transport blood. In general, arteries and arterioles transport oxygenated blood from the lungs to the body and its organs, and veins and venules transport deoxygenated blood from the body to the lungs. Blood vessels also circulate blood throughout the circulatory system Oxygen (bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells) is the most critical nutrient carried by the blood. In all arteries apart from the pulmonary artery, hemoglobin is highly saturated (95–100%) with oxygen. In all veins apart from the pulmonary vein, the saturation of hemoglobin is about 75%. (The values are reversed in the pulmonary circulation.) In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7144213", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary artery\"\nthe pulmonary artery, and may be defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure of greater than 25mmHg. As can be measured on a CT scan, a diameter of more than 29 mm diameter is often used as a cut-off to indicate pulmonary hypertension. This may occur as a result of heart problems such as heart failure, lung or airway disease such as COPD or scleroderma, or thromboembolic disease such as pulmonary embolism or emboli seen in sickle cell anaemia. Pulmonary embolism refers to an embolus that lodges in the pulmonary circulation. This may arise from a deep venous thrombosis, especially", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19378197", "chunk_text": "Fetus\nspecial connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta, called the \"\"ductus arteriosus\"\", which directs most of this blood away from the lungs (which aren't being used for respiration at this point as the fetus is suspended in amniotic fluid). With the first breath after birth, the system changes suddenly. Pulmonary resistance is reduced dramatically, prompting more blood to move into the pulmonary arteries from the right atrium and ventricle of the heart and less to flow through the \"\"foramen ovale\"\" into the left atrium. The blood from the lungs travels through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium, producing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3185533", "chunk_text": "\"Arterial blood\"\nArterial blood Arterial blood is the oxygenated blood in the circulatory system found in the pulmonary vein, the left chambers of the heart, and in the arteries. It is bright red in color, while venous blood is dark red in color (but looks purple through the translucent skin). It is the contralateral term to \"\"venous blood\"\". Framed in the cardiac cycle, often historically accredited to the Wiggers diagram, arterial blood has just passed through the lungs and is ready to boost oxygen to sustain the peripheral organs. The essential difference between venous and arterial blood is the curve of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "320829", "chunk_text": "\"Bronchial circulation\"\nBronchial circulation The bronchial circulation is the part of the circulatory system that supplies nutrients and oxygen to the cells that constitute the lungs, as well as carrying waste products away from them. It is complementary to the pulmonary circulation that brings deoxygenated blood to the lungs and carries oxygenated blood away from them in order to oxygenate the rest of the body. In the bronchial circulation, blood goes through the following steps: Blood reaches from the pulmonary circulation into the lungs for gas exchange to oxygenate the rest of the body tissues. But bronchial circulation supplies fully oxygenated arterial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9592335", "chunk_text": "\"Bronchial artery\"\nbranches of the pulmonary arteries, and together, they supply the visceral pleura of the lung in the process. Note that much of the oxygenated blood supplied by the bronchial arteries is returned via the pulmonary veins rather than the bronchial veins. As a consequence, blood returning to the left heart is slightly less oxygenated than blood found at the level of the pulmonary capillary beds. Each bronchial artery also has a branch that supplies the esophagus. It is easy to confuse the bronchial arteries with the pulmonary arteries, because they both supply the lungs with blood, but there are important", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5058736", "chunk_text": "\"Blood vessel\"\nprevent backflow as a result of a decrease in blood pressure as the blood passes through the circulatory system. There are various kinds of blood vessels: They are roughly grouped as \"\"arterial\"\" and \"\"venous\"\", determined by whether the blood in it is flowing \"\"away from\"\" (arterial) or \"\"toward\"\" (venous) the heart. The term \"\"arterial blood\"\" is nevertheless used to indicate blood high in oxygen, although the pulmonary artery carries \"\"venous blood\"\" and blood flowing in the pulmonary vein is rich in oxygen. This is because they are carrying the blood to and from the lungs, respectively, to be oxygenated. Blood", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13677945", "chunk_text": "Vein\nvenules, which continue to converge and form the larger veins. The de-oxygenated blood is taken by veins to the right atrium of the heart, which transfers the blood to the right ventricle, where it is then pumped through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs. In pulmonary circulation the pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium, which empties into the left ventricle, completing the cycle of blood circulation. The return of blood to the heart is assisted by the action of the muscle pump, and by the thoracic pump action of breathing during respiration. Standing or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9858115", "chunk_text": "Heart\narteries, arterioles, and ultimately capillaries. In the capillaries, oxygen and nutrients from blood are supplied to body cells for metabolism, and exchanged for carbon dioxide and waste products. Capillary blood, now deoxygenated, travels into venules and veins that ultimately collect in the superior and inferior vena cavae, and into the right heart. The cardiac cycle refers to the sequence of events in which the heart contracts and relaxes with every heartbeat. The period of time during which the ventricles contract, forcing blood out into the aorta and main pulmonary artery, is known as systole, while the period during which the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7144209", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary artery\"\nbehind the ascending aorta, and in front of the descending aorta. It courses posterior to the superior vena cava and in front of the right bronchus. Upon reaching the hilum of the right lung the right main pulmonary artery divides into two branches: The right and left main pulmonary arteries give off branches that roughly correspond to the lung lobes and can in such cases be termed lobar arteries. The lobar arteries branch into segmental arteries (roughly 1 for each lobe segment), which in turn branch into subsegmental pulmonary arteries. These eventually form intralobular arteries. The pulmonary arteries originate from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7144208", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary artery\"\nartery splits into the right and the left main pulmonary artery. The left main pulmonary artery is shorter and somewhat smaller than the right, passes horizontally in front of the descending aorta and left bronchus to the root of the left lung. Above, the left main pulmonary artery is connected to the concavity of the proximal descending aorta by the ligamentum arteriosum. It then divides into two lobar arteries, one for each lobe of the left lung. The right main pulmonary artery follows a longer and more horizontal course as it crosses the mediastinum. It passes underneath the aortic arch,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7784447", "chunk_text": "Heart\nblood into the ventricles and priming the pump. Next, the ventricles start to contract. As the pressure rises within the cavities of the ventricles, the mitral and tricuspid valves are forced shut. As the pressure within the ventricles rises further, exceeding the pressure with the aorta and pulmonary arteries, the aortic and pulmonary valves open. Blood is ejected from the heart, causing the pressure within the ventricles to fall. Simultaneously, the atria refill as blood flows into the right atrium through the superior and inferior vena cavae, and into the left atrium through the pulmonary veins. Finally, when the pressure", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18197045", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary artery banding\"\ndescribed by Muller And Damman at UCLA in 1951. In recent years, the use of this technique has declined as studies have indicated that early definitive repair is preferable to this form of palliation. The heart is separated into 4 chambers. Deoxygenated blood enters into the right chambers of the heart and continues through the pulmonary arteries to be oxygenated in the lungs. Oxygenated blood returns into the left side of the heart and out to the rest of the body, known as the systemic circulation. In congenital heart defects such as ventricular septal defects (VSD) and Atrioventricular septal defects", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7144212", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary artery\"\nto the lungs themselves. The pulmonary artery pressure (PA pressure) is a measure of the blood pressure found in the main pulmonary artery. This is measured by inserting a catheter into the main pulmonary artery. The mean pressure is typically 9 - 18 mmHg, and the wedge pressure measured in the left atrium may be 6-12mmHg. The wedge pressure may be elevated in left heart failure, mitral valve stenosis, and other conditions, such as sickle cell disease. The pulmonary artery is relevant in a number of clinical states. Pulmonary hypertension is used to describe an increase in the pressure of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13335903", "chunk_text": "\"Fetal circulation\"\nthe placenta, where carbon dioxide and other waste products from the fetus are taken up and enter the maternal circulation. Some of the blood entering the right atrium does not pass directly to the left atrium through the \"\"foramen ovale\"\", but enters the right ventricle and is pumped into the pulmonary artery. In the fetus, there is a special connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta, called the \"\"ductus arteriosus\"\", which directs most of this blood away from the lungs (which are not being used for respiration at this point as the fetus is suspended in amniotic fluid). The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10438465", "chunk_text": "Blood\nair to all of the cells of the body, and venous blood carries carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism by cells, to the lungs to be exhaled. However, one exception includes pulmonary arteries, which contain the most deoxygenated blood in the body, while the pulmonary veins contain oxygenated blood. Additional return flow may be generated by the movement of skeletal muscles, which can compress veins and push blood through the valves in veins toward the right atrium. The blood circulation was famously described by William Harvey in 1628. In vertebrates, the various cells of blood are made in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10121461", "chunk_text": "\"Cardiac physiology\"\ncollects oxygen from the lungs and delivers carbon dioxide for exhalation. The systemic circuit transports oxygen to the body and returns relatively de-oxygenated blood and carbon dioxide to the pulmonary circuit. Blood flows through the heart in one direction, from the atria to the ventricles, and out through the pulmonary artery into the pulmonary circulation, and the aorta into the systemic circulation. The pulmonary artery (also trunk) branches into the left and right pulmonary arteries to supply each lung. Blood is prevented from flowing backwards (regurgitation) by the tricuspid, bicuspid, aortic, and pulmonary valves. The function of the \"\"right heart\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3019998", "chunk_text": "\"Venous blood\"\ndifference in color between deoxyhaemoglobin and oxyhaemoglobin. The blue appearance of surface veins is caused mostly by the scattering of blue light away from the outside of venous tissue if the vein is at 0.5 mm deep or more. Veins and arteries appear similar when skin is removed and are seen directly. Venous blood Venous blood is deoxygenated blood which travels from the peripheral vessels, through the venous system into the right atrium of the heart. Deoxygenated blood is then pumped by the right ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary artery which is divided in two branches, left and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13791344", "chunk_text": "\"Circulatory system\"\nby two coronary arteries: the right coronary artery and the left coronary artery. After nourishing the heart muscle, blood returns through the coronary veins into the coronary sinus and from this one into the right atrium. Back flow of blood through its opening during atrial systole is prevented by the Thebesian valve. The smallest cardiac veins drain directly into the heart chambers. The circulatory system of the lungs is the portion of the cardiovascular system in which oxygen-depleted blood is pumped away from the heart, via the pulmonary artery, to the lungs and returned, oxygenated, to the heart via the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9343385", "chunk_text": "\"Fetal circulation\"\nwhere it is pumped through the aorta into the body. Some of the blood moves from the aorta through the internal iliac arteries to the umbilical arteries, and re-enters the placenta, where carbon dioxide and other waste products from the fetus are taken up and enter the woman's circulation. Some of the blood from the right atrium does not enter the left atrium, but enters the right ventricle and is pumped into the pulmonary artery. In the fetus, there is a special connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta, called the \"\"ductus arteriosus\"\", which directs most of this blood", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18657500", "chunk_text": "Hemodynamics\narterioles, capillaries, and venules —constitutes most of the area of the vascular system and is the site of the transfer of O, glucose, and enzyme substrates into the cells. The venous system returns the de-oxygenated blood to the right heart where it is pumped into the lungs to become oxygenated and CO and other gaseous wastes exchanged and expelled during breathing. Blood then returns to the left side of the heart where it begins the process again. In a normal circulatory system, the volume of blood returning to the heart each minute is approximately equal to the volume that is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18197046", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary artery banding\"\n(AVSD), there may be one or multiple holes in the walls separating adjacent chambers. This causes left-to-right shunting of blood as oxygenated blood can flow back to the right side of the heart, resulting in a mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Increased amounts of blood on the right side of the heart cause an excess of blood flow into the lungs (pulmonary circulation) and increased pulmonary resistance due to the buildup of pressure. The goal of PAB is to reduce pulmonary artery pressure and excess pulmonary blood flow. PAB involves the insertion of a band around the pulmonary artery", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19378196", "chunk_text": "Fetus\ninto the left atrium, thus bypassing pulmonary circulation. The majority of blood flow is into the left ventricle from where it is pumped through the aorta into the body. Some of the blood moves from the aorta through the internal iliac arteries to the umbilical arteries, and re-enters the placenta, where carbon dioxide and other waste products from the fetus are taken up and enter the woman's circulation. Some of the blood from the right atrium does not enter the left atrium, but enters the right ventricle and is pumped into the pulmonary artery. In the fetus, there is a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18086763", "chunk_text": "\"Biofluid dynamics\"\nveins before reaching the right heart. Thus completing the cycle of blood going to heart and then coming from it and going to all parts of the body. The tricuspid valve, right heart (right ventricle), pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins and right heart are the elements of the Pulmonary Circulation System. The process of gas exchange, that is, exchange of carbon dioxide with oxygen in the lungs is the main function of the pulmonary system. The de-oxygenated blood from the right ventricle is pumped to the lungs where the capillaries surrounding the alveole sacks exchange carbon dioxide for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18086762", "chunk_text": "\"Biofluid dynamics\"\ncirculates about 5 liters of blood at a rate of approximately 6 l/m. The pulmonary and the systemic circulations are the two parts of the vasculature. The pulmonary circulation system consists of the network of blood vessels from the right heart to the lungs and back to the left heart. The rest of the blood flow loop is called systemic circulation system. The pulmonary and systemic circulations take the blood through large arteries first and then branches into smaller arteries before reaching arterioles and capillaries. After capillaries, the blood enters the venules before joining smaller veins first and then larger", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17045235", "chunk_text": "Systole\npulmonary artery, which divides twice to connect to each of the left and right lungs. In the left ventricle, the aortic valve opens into the aorta which divides and re-divides into the several branch arteries that connect to all body organs and systems except the lungs. By its contractions, right ventricular (RV) systole pulses oxygen-depleted blood through the pulmonary valve through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs, providing pulmonary circulation; simultaneously, left ventricular (LV) systole pumps blood through the aortic valve, the aorta, and all the arteries to provide systemic circulation of oxygenated blood to all body systems. The left", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1187306", "chunk_text": "Lung\nreceptors in the smooth muscle of the airways initiate a reflex known as the Hering–Breuer reflex that prevents the lungs from over-inflation, during forceful inspiration. The lungs have a dual blood supply provided by a bronchial and a pulmonary circulation. The bronchial circulation supplies oxygenated blood to the airways of the lungs, through the bronchial arteries that leave the aorta. There are usually three arteries, two to the left lung and one to the right, and they branch alongside the bronchi and bronchioles. The pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and returns the oxygenated blood", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1184320", "chunk_text": "Heart\ninto a main left and a main right trunk, which travel up the groove between the ventricles that exists on the heart's surface, receiving smaller vessels as they travel up. These vessels then travel into the atrioventricular groove, and receive a third vessel which drains the section of the left ventricle sitting on the diaphragm. The left vessel joins with this third vessel, and travels along the pulmonary artery and left atrium, ending in the inferior tracheobronchial node. The right vessel travels along the right atrium and the part of the right ventricle sitting on the diaphragm. It usually then", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19871852", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary vein\"\npulmonary vein lies in front of and a little below the pulmonary artery; the inferior is situated at the lowest part of the lung hilum. Behind the pulmonary artery is the bronchus. The right main pulmonary veins (contains oxygenated blood) pass behind the right atrium and superior vena cava; the left in front of the descending thoracic aorta. Occasionally the three lobar veins on the right side remain separate, and not infrequently the two left lobar veins end by a common opening into the left atrium. Therefore, the number of pulmonary veins opening into the left atrium can vary between", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16796545", "chunk_text": "\"Blood vessel\"\nbody. This is a result of the left and right side of the heart working together to allow blood to flow continuously to the lungs and other parts of the body. Oxygen poor blood enters the right side of the heart through two large veins. Oxygen rich blood from the lungs enters through the pulmonary veins on the left side of the heart into the aorta and then reaches the rest of the body. The capillaries are responsible for allowing the blood to receive oxygen through tiny air sacs in the lungs. This is also the site where carbon dioxide", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7662330", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary hematoma\"\nPulmonary hematoma A pulmonary hematoma is a collection of blood within the tissue of the lung. It may result when a pulmonary laceration fills with blood. A lung laceration filled with air is called a pneumatocele. In some cases, both pneumatoceles and hematomas exist in the same injured lung. Pulmonary hematomas take longer to heal than simple pneumatoceles and commonly leave the lungs scarred. A pulmonary contusion is another cause of bleeding within the lung tissue, but these result from microhemorrhages, multiple small bleeds, and the bleeding is not a discrete mass but rather occurs within the lung tissue. An", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6817351", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary hemorrhage\"\nPulmonary hemorrhage Pulmonary hemorrhage (or pulmonary haemorrhage) is an acute bleeding from the lung, from the upper respiratory tract and the trachea, and the alveoli. When evident clinically, the condition is usually massive. The onset of pulmonary hemorrhage is characterized by cough productive of blood (hemoptysis) and worsening of oxygenation leading to cyanosis. Treatment should be immediate and should include tracheal suction, oxygen, positive pressure ventilation, and correction of underlying abnormalities (e.g. disorders of coagulation). A blood transfusion may be necessary. The outcome of treatment is dependent on causality. Pulmonary Hemorrhage is present in 7 to 10% of neonatal autopsies,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7784415", "chunk_text": "Heart\nand along the conduction system of the heart. The heart receives blood low in oxygen from the systemic circulation, which enters the right atrium from the superior and inferior venae cavae and passes to the right ventricle. From here it is pumped into the pulmonary circulation, through the lungs where it receives oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide. Oxygenated blood then returns to the left atrium, passes through the left ventricle and is pumped out through the aorta to the systemic circulation−where the oxygen is used and metabolized to carbon dioxide. The heart beats at a resting rate close to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_360	who were the bands in pitch perfect 3?	n/a	[ "Evermoist", "Saddle Up", "the Bellas" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2244147", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect 3\"\nPitch Perfect 3 Pitch Perfect 3 is a 2017 American musical comedy film directed by Trish Sie and written by Kay Cannon and Mike White. A sequel to \"\"Pitch Perfect 2\"\" (2015), and the third installment in the \"\"Pitch Perfect\"\" series, the film stars Anna Kendrick, Anna Camp, Rebel Wilson, Brittany Snow, Hailee Steinfeld, Hana Mae Lee, Ester Dean, Chrissie Fit, Alexis Knapp, John Lithgow, Matt Lanter, Ruby Rose, Kelley Jakle, Shelley Regner, Elizabeth Banks, and John Michael Higgins. The film follows the Bellas, now graduated from college, reuniting for one final performance together during an overseas USO tour. Principal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6670881", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect 3\"\nin the next 12 months\"\". Pitch Perfect 3 Pitch Perfect 3 is a 2017 American musical comedy film directed by Trish Sie and written by Kay Cannon and Mike White. A sequel to \"\"Pitch Perfect 2\"\" (2015), and the third installment in the \"\"Pitch Perfect\"\" series, the film stars Anna Kendrick, Anna Camp, Rebel Wilson, Brittany Snow, Hailee Steinfeld, Hana Mae Lee, Ester Dean, Chrissie Fit, Alexis Knapp, John Lithgow, Matt Lanter, Ruby Rose, Kelley Jakle, Shelley Regner, Elizabeth Banks, and John Michael Higgins. The film follows the Bellas, now graduated from college, reuniting for one final performance together during", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4588517", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect 3\"\nsing at an event. Arriving at the reunion, they learn that Emily simply invited them to see the new Bellas. They later gather at a bar in disappointment, but express how much they miss each other. Aubrey convinces them to join a USO tour, near her Army officer father. Emily fills in for Stacie, who is eight months pregnant. The Bellas land at a base in Spain, greeted by their liaisons, soldiers Chicago and Zeke. They also meet the other three bands, including the mean-spirited female quartet Evermoist. The others use musical instruments, helping them defeat the Bellas in a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18107616", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect 3\"\nquiet because she was possessed by Satan, the bomb snapped her out of it, and her real name is Esther; Lilly and DJ Dragon Nutz become an item; Aubrey reconnects with her father; Chloe and Chicago become an item; and Beca is now Theo’s boss. On April 11, 2015, a month before the release of the second film, it was announced that Rebel Wilson would return for a third film, although she stated that she did not know if Anna Kendrick or other cast members would also reprise their roles. She added that she would be \"\"up for a Fat", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13904746", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect\"\nin December 2011, in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The film premiered in Los Angeles on September 24, 2012 and was released on September 28, 2012 in the United States. The film received positive reviews from critics and became a sleeper hit, earning over $115 million worldwide. It is the first film in the film series and was followed by two sequels, \"\"Pitch Perfect 2\"\" (2015) and \"\"Pitch Perfect 3\"\" (2017). During the 2011 ICCA Finals at Lincoln Center, Barden University’s all-female a cappella group, the Barden Bellas, lose to their all-male rival group the Barden University Treblemakers, due to junior member", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19667871", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect 3\"\nphotography on the film began in January 2017 in Atlanta, Georgia and ended in April 2017. The film was released in the United States on December 22, 2017, received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $185 million worldwide. It became the second-highest-grossing musical comedy film of all time, behind only its predecessor. Three years after their final competition, the Bellas have graduated from Barden College, but all hate their jobs. Beca, Fat Amy, Chloe, Aubrey, Lilly, Stacie, Cynthia Rose, Florencia, Jessica, and Ashley are thrilled when Emily, now a senior and leader of the current Barden Bellas, asks them to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5960690", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect 3\"\nDJ Khaled, then brings the Bellas onstage to sing their final performance – \"\"Freedom! '90\"\". Gail and John, the public announcers when the Bellas' originally competed, have filmed a Bella documentary, only to be appalled when John realizes they didn't record the Bellas' final performance. The Bellas lives are improving: Amy uses her new bankroll for tributes to singers named Amy; Aubrey works as a birthing coach; Flo's juice cart becomes an international brand; Chloe gets into vet school; Cynthia-Rose stays at the base for flight school; Emily returns to Barden and to her songwriting; Lilly reveals that she was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5279117", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect 3\"\nriff-off. Chloe begins to fall for Chicago. Fat Amy learns that Fergus, her estranged father and ruthless international crime lord, is staying in their hotel. The Bellas are invited to a party at DJ Khaled's suite, where Fat Amy is invited to a poker tournament. The tournament was a set up by Fergus, who begs to be in Amy’s life, which she agrees to after seeing he has changed. Beca develops a friendship with DJ Khaled's music producer Theo, who is impressed when she easily produces a mix of her own singing on Khaled's editing equipment. Moments later, the party", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18947318", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect (film series)\"\ncappella group, The Barden Bellas, led by strict and uptight senior student Aubrey Posen (Anna Camp). The film follows the unlikely new formation of The Barden Bellas as they struggle to make their way to victory at the collegiate a cappella competition, with internal and external problems each member is facing. Set three years after the first film, The Bellas are the leading a cappella group with Beca as the leader until Fat Amy (Rebel Wilson) accidentally rips her pants during a performance, effectively suspending the group. They could be reinstated if they win an international a cappella competition, where", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5960689", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect 3\"\nan attempt to manipulate Amy. When Amy and Beca learn of the kidnapping, Beca distracts Fergus by leading the Bellas in a performance, allowing Amy to set a bomb. The Bellas escape the yacht, and Fergus survives the explosion, and is later arrested. After the Bellas are rescued by the military, Fat Amy reveals DJ Khaled's proposition to Beca to the others. They encourage her to take the chance, agreeing that it is time to move on with their lives. They know they will stay connected to each other as a family. At the USO's final performance, Beca opens for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4588525", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect 3\"\nJanuary 5, 2017, a table read occurred, with Ester Dean, Hana Mae Lee, Chrissie Fit, Kelley Jakle, and Shelley Regner also being confirmed to reprise their roles, and singer Andy Allo joining as Charity, a rival in a group opposing the Bellas. While it was revealed by vocal director Deke Sharon that Alexis Knapp is returning, she wasn't spotted during the first month of filming, leading fans to show concerns that she might not be returning at all. However, on February 6, she posted a photo on Instagram, confirming her return, and was on set the following day, filming a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14670239", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect\"\nPitch Perfect Pitch Perfect is a 2012 American comedy film directed by Jason Moore and written by Kay Cannon. It features an ensemble cast, including Anna Kendrick, Skylar Astin, Rebel Wilson, Anna Camp, Brittany Snow, Hana Mae Lee, Alexis Knapp, Ester Dean, Adam DeVine, Ben Platt, John Michael Higgins, and Elizabeth Banks. The plot follows Barden University's all-girl a cappella group, The Barden Bellas, as they compete against another a cappella group from their college to win Nationals. The film is loosely adapted from Mickey Rapkin's non-fiction book, titled \"\"Pitch Perfect: The Quest for Collegiate a Cappella Glory\"\". Filming concluded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20737817", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect 2\"\nPitch Perfect 2 Pitch Perfect 2 is a 2015 American musical comedy film directed and produced by Elizabeth Banks and written by Kay Cannon. It is a sequel to the 2012 film \"\"Pitch Perfect\"\" and the second installment in the \"\"Pitch Perfect\"\" film series. The film centers on the fictional Barden University Bellas, an all-female a cappella singing group, who try to beat out the German national team in a world singing championship. The film features an ensemble cast, including Anna Kendrick, Rebel Wilson, Hailee Steinfeld, Brittany Snow, Hana Mae Lee, Alexis Knapp, Ester Dean, Chrissie Fit, Kelley Jakle, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20737821", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect 2\"\ntheir absence from the auditions. When she sings her unfinished song \"\"Flashlight,\"\" she succeeds in joining the Bellas. At a car show where the ICCA winners are due to perform, the Bellas scout their replacements, DSM, led by intimidating duo Pieter Krämer and Kommissar, who take delight in mocking the all-girl group. Later, the Bellas are invited to an exclusive riff-off against DSM. Also in attendance are the Treblemakers and the Tone Hangers (a group of former Treblemakers, including former Treblemakers leader Bumper Allen, as well as a group calling themselves the Green Bay Packers. The Bellas make it to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2878600", "chunk_text": "\"Trish Sie\"\nthis \"\"her most ambitious and challenging project yet.\"\" The video garnered more than 25 million views in its first day online on Facebook as well as Trish's third Grammy nomination and the Smithsonian Magazine's Ingenuity Award. Trish Sie Patricia \"\"Trish\"\" Sie (née Kulash) is an American film and music video director, best known for directing the films \"\"\"\" (2014) and \"\"Pitch Perfect 3\"\" (2017), as well as music videos, particularly for the alternative rock band OK Go. She has worked in film, television, commercials, music videos, stage, children's entertainment and ballroom DanceSport. Sie was born in Washington, D.C. She graduated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20737820", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect 2\"\nJunk begins her college career, hoping to follow in the footsteps of her mother Katherine by being a Bella. At orientation, she watches an a cappella performance by the Treblemakers, now led by Beca's boyfriend Jesse Swanson. Benjamin \"\"Benji\"\" Applebaum, Jesse's best friend, overhears Emily, leading to a crush on her. The Bellas learn that Das Sound Machine (DSM), a German powerhouse group, have replaced the Bellas on their victory tour. Additionally, Beca has started an internship at a recording studio, Residual Heat, something only Jesse knows. Emily goes to the Bellas' sorority house to audition for them because of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18947316", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect (film series)\"\nPitch Perfect (film series) Pitch Perfect is an American musical comedy film series created by Kay Cannon, loosely based on the non-fiction book \"\"Pitch Perfect: The Quest for Collegiate a Cappella Glory\"\" by Mickey Rapkin. Jason Moore directed the first film, and Elizabeth Banks directed the second and Trish Sie directed the third. Paul Brooks, Max Handelman, and Banks produced the films. It features an ensemble cast, including Anna Kendrick, Rebel Wilson, Anna Camp, Brittany Snow, Skylar Astin, Adam DeVine, Ben Platt, Alexis Knapp, Hana Mae Lee, Ester Dean, Hailee Steinfeld, Chrissie Fit, John Michael Higgins, and Banks. The series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19466222", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect 3\"\nis thrown into chaos when Aubrey accidentally ignites a fire. While the Bellas are wallowing in disgrace, Stacie calls with news that her daughter, Bella, has been born, reinvigorating the Bellas. Back on the tour, the Bellas perform to adoring crowds. Fergus and Amy are connecting, until he accidentally reveals that he is only trying to acquire a US$180 million offshore account created by Amy's mother. Meanwhile, DJ Khaled asks Beca to open for him, without the other Bellas. Beca politely declines the offer and leaves to her room. The Bellas are abducted and taken to a Fergus’ yacht, as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13904749", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect\"\nto the Finals the previous year. In spite of their traditional set list, the group manages to place second, sending them to the Semi-Finals. After the competition, the Bellas try to break up a fight between the Treblemakers and the Tonehangers, a group consisting of graduated Treblemakers. Beca and Fat Amy accidentally smash a window with the Treblemakers' trophy, which alerts a police officer who then arrests Beca. Outside the police station, Beca meets Jesse but discovers that he has gotten her father involved in the situation, causing a rift between her and her father and causing Beca to berates", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20737828", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect 2\"\n19, 2014 that Pentatonix would play the role of a rival group to the Barden Bellas. It was later confirmed that The Filharmonic from season 4 of \"\"The Sing Off\"\" would make a cameo appearance as a rival group from the Philippines. On August 24, 2014 it was announced that Penn Masala, the all-male Hindi a cappella group from director Elizabeth Banks's and producer Max Handelman's alma mater The University of Pennsylvania, would be featured as a team from Southeast Asia. On June 25, Birgitte Hjort Sørensen was confirmed added to the cast. On May 21, 2014, principal photography began", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2082384", "chunk_text": "\"Trish Sie\"\nTrish Sie Patricia \"\"Trish\"\" Sie (née Kulash) is an American film and music video director, best known for directing the films \"\"\"\" (2014) and \"\"Pitch Perfect 3\"\" (2017), as well as music videos, particularly for the alternative rock band OK Go. She has worked in film, television, commercials, music videos, stage, children's entertainment and ballroom DanceSport. Sie was born in Washington, D.C. She graduated from National Cathedral School and, as a teenager, attended the National Music Camp at Interlochen Center for the Arts. She has a degree in music theory and composition from the University of Pennsylvania and was a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13904748", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect\"\nthe Bellas by seniors and current co-leaders Aubrey and Chloe Beale, but she declines. Later, Chloe discovers Beca’s talent for singing and convinces her to audition. Beca reluctantly auditions by performing \"\"Cups (When I'm Gone)\"\", and joins the Bellas with Cynthia Rose Adams, Stacie Conrad, Lilly Onakuramara, and Fat Amy Hobart. Members Kori and Mary Elise are kicked out for having sex with a Treblemaker the next day. Meanwhile, Jesse is also revealed to have joined the Treblemakers. The Bellas participate in the 2012 ICCA Regionals where, at Aubrey's insistence, they perform the same medley that helped the Bellas advance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18543766", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect 3\"\nI think whether it's these women in the next stage of life or it's a new group of women going through these things, I think there are endless ways to chart the course of the girls' lives and a woman's life.\"\" Rebel Wilson posted a picture on social media alongside Brittany Snow, Anna Camp and Chrissie Fit all holding up 4 fingers. This could be a potential hint towards a fourth Pitch Perfect being in talks. During an interview at \"\"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\"\", when asked about the same photo, Wilson hinted that she would be \"\"filming another musical film", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18947319", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect (film series)\"\nno American team has ever won. With new members, tough competition, and doubts everywhere from almost everyone, they try to regain their glory, only to find it harder than it looks with their focus being split up and losing their harmony along the way. Three years after the second film, the now graduated Bellas find themselves split apart and struggling with their real life jobs. However, after a brief reunion, Aubrey comes up with an idea to perform for the USO tour, which will reunite them for a series of shows. The Bellas go overseas for the USO where they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18854511", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect 2\"\nAugust 4, 2017 before moving back to the July 21 slot. In May 2016 it was moved again, this time being pushed back to December 22, 2017. Pitch Perfect 2 Pitch Perfect 2 is a 2015 American musical comedy film directed and produced by Elizabeth Banks and written by Kay Cannon. It is a sequel to the 2012 film \"\"Pitch Perfect\"\" and the second installment in the \"\"Pitch Perfect\"\" film series. The film centers on the fictional Barden University Bellas, an all-female a cappella singing group, who try to beat out the German national team in a world singing championship.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13904765", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect\"\nSkylar Astin, Rebel Wilson, Anna Camp, Brittany Snow, Ben Platt, Adam DeVine, Ester Dean, Alexis Knapp, Kelley Jakle, Shelley Regner, Wanetah Walmsley, Elizabeth Banks and John Higgins would all reprise their roles in the sequel. Additionally, Hailee Steinfeld and Chrissie Fit would join the cast as Emily and Flo who are the new Barden Bellas while Katey Sagal would join as Emily's mother and German YouTube star Flula Borg would appear as Pieter Kramer. It was announced in January 2014 that the sequel would be released on May 15, 2015. On June 10, 2015, plans for a third film were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13904754", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect\"\nthe Treblemakers), the University of Oregon Divisi (the loose inspiration for the Bellas), and the University of Virginia Hullabahoos, who have a cameo in the film. Rapkin's book mainly covers the singing, groupies, partying and rivalries. Two members of the a cappella community, Deke Sharon, who founded the International Championship of College A Cappella, and Ed Boyer, both in Rapkin's book, were brought on board to arrange songs, produce vocals and act as on-site music directors, where they ran a month-long \"\"a cappella boot camp\"\". The film was shot throughout campus and inside buildings at Louisiana State University in Baton", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18543759", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect 3\"\nfor Gold Circle Films, along with Max Handelman and Banks for Brownstone Productions. On October 27, 2015, Banks was officially announced to return as director for the film, though she exited in that capacity on June 3, 2016. On September 1, 2016, Trish Sie was confirmed to direct the film. On December 13, 2016, it was reported that Ruby Rose was in talks to join the film, while Anna Camp also signed on to return for the sequel. Cannon wrote the script with later drafts by Mike White and Dana Fox; White would eventually receive screenwriting credits alongside Cannon. On", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18947317", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect (film series)\"\nis distributed by Universal Pictures. The first film was a sleeper hit. It received positive reviews and was financially successful, grossing over $115 million against a $17 million budget. A sequel was made and released in 2015, to greater financial success, grossing over $287 million against a $29 million budget. The series has since gained a cult following, grossing $565 million worldwide, and the second film is the current highest grossing musical comedy film of all time, beating \"\"School of Rock\"\"s record. Beca Mitchell (Anna Kendrick), a rebellious and unwilling freshman at Barden University, joins a currently disgraced all-female a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13904751", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect\"\nquits the Bellas. The Bellas lose their place in the Finals due to their third place ranking behind the Treblemakers and the Footnotes. Meanwhile, Jesse’s roommate Benji Applebaum finds out that the Footnotes' leader, Timothy, is a high school student and reports it, causing their disqualification and simultaneously advancing the Bellas to the Finals by default. After spring break, Beca tries to apologize to Jesse for being rude, but he declines, telling that she pushes away everyone who cares about her. During the Bellas rehearsal, Chloe stands up against Aubrey's stubbornness, sparking a fight over the group's pitch pipe. However,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18947320", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect (film series)\"\nfind out that they are actually competing with other bands on tour to be the opening act for DJ Khaled. The film is based on Mickey Rapkin's non-fiction book \"\"Pitch Perfect: The Quest for Collegiate a Cappella Glory\"\". Rapkin, senior editor at \"\"GQ\"\" magazine, spent a season covering competitive collegiate a cappella. He followed the Tufts University Beelzebubs, the University of Oregon Divisi (the loose inspiration for the Bellas), and the University of Virginia Hullabahoos, who have a cameo in the film. Rapkin's book mainly covers the singing, groupies, partying and rivalries. Two members of the a cappella community, Deke", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7387865", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect (soundtrack)\"\nPitch Perfect (soundtrack) Pitch Perfect: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the official music for the 2012 film \"\"Pitch Perfect\"\". The soundtrack was released digitally on September 25, 2012, and physically on October 2, 2012. Three songs from the album charted on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100: \"\"Cups\"\" by Anna Kendrick, which peaked at number 6; \"\"Bellas Finals\"\" by the Barden Bellas, which peaked at number 85; and \"\"Riff Of\"\" by the Barden Bellas, the Treblemakers, and the BU Harmonics, which peaked at number 86. The album was the sixth best-selling soundtrack of 2012, with 212,000 copies sold for the year. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16998602", "chunk_text": "\"Shelley Regner\"\nShelley Regner Shelley Anne Regner (born December 21, 1988) is an American actress and singer, known for her role as Ashley in the musical films \"\"Pitch Perfect\"\" (2012), and its two sequels \"\"Pitch Perfect 2\"\" (2015) and \"\"Pitch Perfect 3\"\" (2017). Regner was born and raised in the Baton Rouge area, the daughter of Jan and Donald Regner, a businessman. She has a sister, Lauren Regner, who is also a performer. She is a graduate of Parkview Baptist High School, and graduated from Louisiana State University with a degree in theatre in 2011. In college, she was a member of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13904752", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect\"\nBeca intervenes, apologizes to the Bellas for changing the set without Aubrey's permission during the Semi-Finals, and asks to be given a second chance. After all of the Bellas have a heart-to-heart conversation, Beca rejoins the group, and Aubrey relinquishes her half of the leadership to Beca. Meanwhile, Treblemakers leader Bumper Allen leaves the group after being offered a job as a back-up singer for John Mayer. With Bumper gone, Jesse persuades the Trebles to let Benji join the group in Bumper's place, a position Benji failed to earn during the auditions earlier. At the Finals, the Bellas perform a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13904753", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect\"\nmodern piece arranged by Beca, which includes Simple Minds' \"\"Don't You (Forget About Me)\"\", a song featured in \"\"The Breakfast Club\"\", one of Jesse's favorite movies. This acts as a more effective apology, and after the performance, she and Jesse kiss. The Bellas defeat the Treblemakers and win the Finals. Six months later, auditions for new members take place. The film is based on Mickey Rapkin's non-fiction book \"\"Pitch Perfect: The Quest for Collegiate a Cappella Glory.\"\" Rapkin, senior editor at \"\"GQ\"\" magazine, spent a season covering competitive collegiate a cappella. He followed the Tufts University Beelzebubs (the inspiration for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4588523", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect 3\"\nAmy spin-off.\"\" Director, star, and producer of the second film Elizabeth Banks acknowledged the possibility of a third film during promotion of \"\"Pitch Perfect 2\"\", saying, \"\"I will say, it would be disingenuous to say that no one’s talking about a \"\"Pitch Perfect 3\"\"; the possibility of it.\"\" On June 10, 2015, a third film was officially confirmed, and Kay Cannon was set to return to write the script. On June 15, 2015, it was announced that Kendrick and Wilson would both reprise their roles, and on July 28, 2015, Brittany Snow signed on to return. Paul Brooks again produced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15689594", "chunk_text": "Beelzebubs\nalthough the Bubs do not play club members on screen. Singles by the Warblers, with series stars Darren Criss and Chris Colfer performing lead vocals, have collectively sold over 2 million copies. Due to their popularity, a full soundtrack album of the Warblers songs was released April 19, 2011 as \"\"\"\". The Beelzebubs were the inspiration for the Barden University Treblemakers in the movie franchise Pitch Perfect, being one of the groups covered by Mickey Rapkin in \"\"Pitch Perfect: The Quest for Collegiate a Cappella Glory,\"\" the book the movies are loosely based on. The Beelzebubs were originally named \"\"Jumbo's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20737827", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect 2\"\n24, Chrissie Fit was added to the cast. On May 1, Hailee Steinfeld was added to the cast, playing a new member of the Barden Bellas. On May 5, Adam DeVine was reported to return in the film. On May 14, Katey Sagal was added to the cast, playing Steinfeld's character's mother. On May 29, Flula Borg was added to the cast. He played the leader of a European a cappella group, Das Sound Machine, that competed with the Bellas. It was confirmed on June 18, 2014 that Christopher Shepard was added to the cast. It was confirmed on June", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20737822", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect 2\"\nthe final two, but end up losing to DSM in the final round when a nervous Emily flubs an attempt to sing \"\"Flashlight,\"\" her original song not from the right category (\"\"90's Hip-Hop Jamz\"\"). The next day at the warmups, the Bellas' chances of winning end in disaster when the performance sets Cynthia Rose Adams's hair on fire by pyrotechnics. Even before then, John and Gail question the Bellas' identity. In order to regain harmony and sync, Chloe takes them to a retreat led by former leader Aubrey Posen. Beca starts a heated debate with Chloe over herself being the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3086951", "chunk_text": "\"Anna Kendrick\"\nwas the musical comedy \"\"Pitch Perfect\"\" (2012), loosely based on the non-fiction book \"\"Pitch Perfect: The Quest for Collegiate A Cappella Glory\"\". Kendrick played the protagonist of the film, leading an ensemble cast including Skylar Astin, Rebel Wilson, Adam DeVine, Anna Camp, Brittany Snow, and more. She played Beca Mitchell, a rebellious college freshman who joins an a cappella group called the Barden Bellas and finds that her more modern approach to music clashes with the traditional approach of the group's leader. The film emerged as a major commercial success and received mostly positive reviews from critics, who called Kendrick's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18947321", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect (film series)\"\nSharon, who founded the International Championship of College A Cappella, and Ed Boyer, both in Rapkin's book, were brought on board to arrange songs, produce vocals and act as on-site music directors, where they ran a month-long \"\"a cappella boot camp\"\". The film was shot throughout campus and inside buildings at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Elizabeth Banks is a co-producer and a co-star in the film. The casting department included Justin Coulter, Rich Delia, Allison Estrin, and Michael Roth. One of the producers, Paul Brooks, stated \"\"First and foremost, we were looking for actors who had comedic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20737818", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect 2\"\nShelley Regner, as well as Skylar Astin, Ben Platt, Adam DeVine, John Michael Higgins, and Banks all reprising their roles. It was released in the United States on May 15, 2015 by Universal Pictures. The film received generally positive reviews from critics and grossed over $287 million worldwide. It surpassed the total gross of the original film ($115.4 million) in five days, and also became the highest-grossing music comedy film of all-time, overtaking \"\"School of Rock\"\" ($131.3 million). A sequel, \"\"Pitch Perfect 3\"\", was released on December 22, 2017. Three years after winning the previous competition, the Barden Bellas are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16307734", "chunk_text": "\"3 (American band)\"\n3 (American band) 3, also known as Three, is an American progressive rock band formed in Woodstock, New York in the early '90s. The band was founded in 1994 as a three piece: Joey Eppard on guitar and lead vocals, Josh Eppard on drums and Chris Bittner on bass. They came to the attention of Universal Records after well-received performances at the Woodstock festival in 1994, eventually getting signed in 1998, but following an unstable relationship with the label through its series of corporate mergers, the band was left with little prospect of releasing their album. Eventually, the band decided", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13904747", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect\"\nAubrey Posen's vomiting on stage in the middle of her solo. Four months later, newly arrived Barden University freshman Beca Mitchell has no desire to attend college but is forced to do so by her father, a professor at the university, with whom Beca has a strained relationship. Wishing she could instead pursue a career as a music producer in Los Angeles, Beca spends her time making mash-up mixes of songs and takes up an internship at the school radio station, where she gets to know fellow freshman Jesse Swanson. At the university’s activities fair, Beca is offered to join", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11403068", "chunk_text": "\"Alexis Knapp\"\nseries. Knapp also stars in the independent short film \"\"Wracked\"\", as Melissa. Knapp dated actor Ryan Phillippe in mid-2010, though they split up in September that year. After their breakup, Knapp discovered she was pregnant. She gave birth to their daughter in 2011; Phillippe was present during the birth. Alexis Knapp Alexis Merizalde Knapp (born July 31, 1989) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her role as Stacie Conrad in the musical films \"\"Pitch Perfect\"\" (2012) and its two sequels, \"\"Pitch Perfect 2\"\" (2015) and \"\"Pitch Perfect 3\"\" (2017). She is also known for her role", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20737819", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect 2\"\nnow led by senior Beca Mitchell and three-time super senior Chloe Beale. The Bellas have become ICCA champions each of these three years. However, the group becomes involved in a national scandal, dubbed Muffgate, when Fat Amy Hobart accidentally rips her pants in front of U.S. President Obama, during a performance on his birthday at the Kennedy Center, showing her genitalia to the public, as she did not wear underwear, leading to the Bellas' suspension from the ICCAs. Beca makes a deal to allow the Bellas to be reinstated should they win the World Championship of a cappella. Freshman Emily", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14580983", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect (soundtrack)\"\nalbum also became the best-selling soundtrack of 2013 in the United States, with 793,000 copies sold in 2013. As of April 2015, the album has sold a total of 1.2 million copies in the US. The EP version of the Original Motion Picture Soundtrack was released on December 18, 2012, in iTunes and physically as a Target exclusive. The EP contains four tracks that are performed by other rival groups of the Barden Bellas and the Treblemakers. \"\"More from Pitch Perfect\"\" was released on June 4, 2013. It contains eight tracks that are featured in the film, as well as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13904767", "chunk_text": "\"Pitch Perfect\"\n18, 2016, Anna Camp was also confirmed to be returning. On January 2, 2017, Ester Dean and Chrissie Fit both confirmed that they were heading to Atlanta to film the third installment, reprising their roles. Banks was going to return to direct, and also as a producer along with Max Handelman and Paul Brooks. Banks later announced that she would be stepping down as director due to scheduling conflicts and parental responsibilities, but would remain a producer. Pitch Perfect Pitch Perfect is a 2012 American comedy film directed by Jason Moore and written by Kay Cannon. It features an ensemble", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14036406", "chunk_text": "\"Alexis Knapp\"\nAlexis Knapp Alexis Merizalde Knapp (born July 31, 1989) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her role as Stacie Conrad in the musical films \"\"Pitch Perfect\"\" (2012) and its two sequels, \"\"Pitch Perfect 2\"\" (2015) and \"\"Pitch Perfect 3\"\" (2017). She is also known for her role of Alexis in the party film \"\"Project X\"\" (2012), and her role on the first season of the TBS comedy \"\"Ground Floor\"\". Knapp was born in Avonmore, Pennsylvania, the daughter of Marjorie and Bradford Elwood Knapp. She grew up in the Outer Banks of North Carolina before leaving home", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6365379", "chunk_text": "\"Triple Fast Action\"\nalbums after the band's breakup. Triple Fast Action was one of many Chicago area acts signed to Capitol Records during the multi-year label frenzy that also snatched up the Smashing Pumpkins, Smoking Popes, Fig Dish, Loud Lucy, Veruca Salt, Red Red Meat, Certain Distant Suns, Liz Phair, The Lupins, Hum, Seam, Menthol, Urge Overkill, Stabbing Westward and Cupcakes among others. The band supported such notable acts as Everclear, Lenny Kravitz, The Wallflowers and Veruca Salt over the course of its existence. The band's first release, \"\"Broadcaster\"\", was often referred to as \"\"Cheap Trick meets Nirvana\"\" and featured power-pop two-toned guitar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_361	who has the most yards per carry in nfl history?	n/a	[ "Emmitt Smith", "Jim Brown" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10918339", "chunk_text": "\"Carry (gridiron football)\"\nCarry (gridiron football) In American football and Canadian football, a carry or rushing attempt is a statistical term equivalent to a single rushing play. The term is typically used in reference to \"\"yards per carry\"\", meaning yards per attempt rushing the ball. Although running backs are typically tasked with carrying the ball, any offensive player who performs a carry is known as a ball-carrier for that play, regardless of position. The yards gained on a carry are referred to as rushing yards. In the National Football League (NFL), Emmitt Smith holds the record for the most career carries, with 4,409.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19206047", "chunk_text": "\"Jim Brown\"\ncarry; only Barry Sanders (99.8 yards per game and 5.0 yards per carry) comes close to these totals. For example, Hall of Famer Walter Payton averaged only 88 yards per game during his career with a 4.4 yards-per-carry average. Emmitt Smith averaged only 81.2 yards per game with a 4.2 yards-per-carry average. Brown has famously said on the subject: \"\"When running backs get in a room together, they don't argue about who is the best.\"\" The only top-10 all-time rusher who even approaches Brown's totals, Barry Sanders, posted a career average of 99.8 yards per game and 5.0 yards per", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1452395", "chunk_text": "\"Carry (gridiron football)\"\nThe current leader in yards-per-carry in NFL history with at least 750 carries is quarterback Michael Vick. The statistical treatment of yardage lost on sacks differs between the NCAA and NFL. Under NCAA rules, sacks count as rushing yards for both the player and his team. In the NFL, sacks are not counted in the quarterback's passing or rushing yardage, but are counted as part of the team's passing yardage. Carry (gridiron football) In American football and Canadian football, a carry or rushing attempt is a statistical term equivalent to a single rushing play. The term is typically used in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "633796", "chunk_text": "\"Marv Hubbard\"\nwhich ranks third all time for an NFL fullback (behind only Pro Football Hall of Fame fullbacks Jim Brown and Joe Perry) and is tied for 13th for all-time top yards per carry for any player in NFL history. His career yards per carry average was higher than many of the games legendary running backs, including: Walter Payton, OJ Simpson, Eric Dickerson, Emmitt Smith, and Marshall Faulk. Hubbard was a standout for the Raiders from 1971-1974 and part of 1975, and gave Oakland's fearsome air attack a balanced running threat. He helped lead the Raiders team to four consecutive AFC", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18772500", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Detroit Lions\"\nthat feat was Buddy Parker, in 1952–53 during his second and third seasons at the helm. In 1997, Barry Sanders ran for 2,053 rushing yards. At the time, his career total rushing 15,269 yards was second only to Walter Payton's 16,726 yards and he joined Jim Brown as the only players among the NFL's 50 all-time rushing leaders to average 5 yards a carry, but he retired abruptly after the 1998 season. Emmitt Smith has since broken Payton's record, accumulating 18,355 career rushing yards, which bumped down Sanders to the #3 spot on the list of total career rushing yards.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18476078", "chunk_text": "\"Marv Hubbard\"\nFame fullbacks Jim Brown, and Joe Perry), and is tied for 13th overall highest yards per carry in NFL history. Hubbard grew up in Red House, New York, the son of Marvin Hubbard, Sr. and Susan Hubbard; residing in the hamlet of Bay State, Hubbard graduated high school shortly before the state forced most of the private property owners in the town to turn over their land, but he and his family were able to avoid losing their homes and he continued to own their family properties in the town until his death. He attended Randolph High School in rural", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11217131", "chunk_text": "\"2,000-yard club\"\nhe finished the season with 2,003 rushing yards, averaging six yards per carry and an NFL-record 143.1 rushing yards per game. Los Angeles Rams running back Eric Dickerson, who had broken the single-season rookie rushing record in 1983, recorded the second 2,000-yard season in 1984. Dickerson rushed for 2,105 yards, the current NFL rushing record, and averaged 131.6 rushing yards per game. Detroit Lions running back Barry Sanders recorded the third 2,000-yard season in 1997, rushing for 2,053 yards. At the age of 29, Sanders was the oldest back to surpass 2,000 yards. Sanders had opened the season with only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5248165", "chunk_text": "\"Marv Hubbard\"\nHall of Fame in 2018. Marv Hubbard Marvin Ronald Hubbard (May 7, 1946 – May 4, 2015) was a professional American football player. He played fullback for the American Football League's and later National Football League's Oakland Raiders from 1969 through 1976, and the Detroit Lions in 1977. He was a 3 time NFL All-Pro for the Oakland Raiders, and helped lead the team to four consecutive AFC Western Division titles from 1972 to 1975 and three consecutive AFC championship games from 1973 to 1975. Hubbard is ranked third in NFL history for highest yards per carry (4.82) for a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15532670", "chunk_text": "\"Michael Haddix\"\nthe New York Jets to follow in his father's footsteps and play professional football in the NFL. Michael Haddix Michael Montgomery Haddix (born December 27, 1961, in Tippah County, Mississippi) is a former professional American football running back for eight seasons in the National Football League for the Philadelphia Eagles and the Green Bay Packers. Philadelphia passed on Dan Marino to draft Haddix primarily on his 4.5 speed. He holds the record for the fewest average yards per carry (3.0) for a player with more than 500 carries in the NFL. Haddix's son, Michael Haddix, Jr. is a former NCAA", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13717247", "chunk_text": "\"Jim Brown\"\nin yards from scrimmage (6), highest average yards from scrimmage per game in a career (125.52), and most seasons leading the league in combined net yards (5). In 2002, \"\"The Sporting News\"\" selected him as the greatest football player of all time, as did the \"\"New York Daily News\"\" in 2014. On November 4, 2010, Brown was chosen by NFL Network's NFL Films production \"\"\"\" as the second-greatest player in NFL history, behind only Jerry Rice. \"\"Source\"\": Jim Brown James Nathaniel Brown (born February 17, 1936) is a former professional American football player and actor. He was a running back", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2336733", "chunk_text": "\"Kahlil Bell\"\n20, 2009, to replace an injured Garrett Wolfe. His first NFL carry on November 22, 2009 was a 72-yard run against the Philadelphia Eagles on \"\"NBC Sunday Night Football\"\". This was an NFL record for longest first carry of a career at the time. Jalen Richard of the Oakland Raiders first ever NFL carry, on September 11 2016 against the New Orleans Saints, was a 75-yard Touchdown run, and is the current record. His first NFL touchdown catch was a 25-yard reception against the Seattle Seahawks on December 18, 2011. In 2011, after an injury to Matt Forté and Marion", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11209083", "chunk_text": "\"Rick Casares\"\nwith 1,386 carries, 5,657 yards, and forty-nine rushing touchdowns. His Chicago Bears career rushing records weren't broken until Walter Payton shattered them in the 1970s and 1980s, and he remains the fourth all-time rusher in franchise history, behind Payton (16,726 yards), Matt Forte (8,602) and Neal Anderson (6,166 yards),and ahead of Gale Sayers (4,956 yards). Casares finished his professional career with the NFL's Washington Redskins in , and in with the AFL's Miami Dolphins, receiving only limited carries in his final two seasons. In 2015, the Professional Football Researchers Association named Casares to the PRFA Hall of Very Good Class", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15532669", "chunk_text": "\"Michael Haddix\"\nMichael Haddix Michael Montgomery Haddix (born December 27, 1961, in Tippah County, Mississippi) is a former professional American football running back for eight seasons in the National Football League for the Philadelphia Eagles and the Green Bay Packers. Philadelphia passed on Dan Marino to draft Haddix primarily on his 4.5 speed. He holds the record for the fewest average yards per carry (3.0) for a player with more than 500 carries in the NFL. Haddix's son, Michael Haddix, Jr. is a former NCAA basketball player for the Siena College Saints. In 2007, he received tryouts for the Buffalo Bills and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11148978", "chunk_text": "\"Jamaal Charles\"\nLarry Johnson was suspended. Shortly thereafter, Johnson was released, leaving Charles as Kansas City's starting halfback. As of the 2017 season, Charles is the NFL's all-time leader in career yards-per-carry among running backs, with a 5.5 average. Charles has reported being diagnosed with a learning disability as a child, having difficulty reading, and being mocked and teased. In 2015, he shared his experience including being invited to participate in the Special Olympics: \"\"[...] I was afraid. I was lost. When I was a boy, I had trouble reading. I found out I had a learning disability. People made fun of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11217133", "chunk_text": "\"2,000-yard club\"\nthe course of the season. 500 of these yards were recorded in two games against the Cleveland Browns, with Lewis rushing for a then-NFL record 295 yards in the first and recording 205 rushing yards in the second. Tennessee Titans running back Chris Johnson ran for 2,006 yards in 2009, averaging 5.6 yards per carry, and also recorded an NFL-record 2,509 yards from scrimmage. Minnesota Vikings back Adrian Peterson is the most recent player to have surpassed 2,000 yards rushing, having finished the 2012 season with 2,097 yards rushing, just 8 yards short of Dickerson's record. Peterson had torn two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11217130", "chunk_text": "\"2,000-yard club\"\n2,000-yard club The 2,000-yard club is a group of seven National Football League (NFL) running backs that have rushed for 2,000 or more yards in a regular season. These seven rushing seasons rank as the highest single-season rushing totals in NFL history, and reaching the 2,000-yard mark is considered a significant achievement for running backs. No running back has yet achieved this feat twice. The first 2,000-yard season was recorded in 1973 by Buffalo Bills running back O.J. Simpson. Simpson is the only player to have surpassed 2,000 yards in a 14-game season, as all others occurred in 16-game seasons;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19647409", "chunk_text": "\"Marv Hubbard\"\nMarv Hubbard Marvin Ronald Hubbard (May 7, 1946 – May 4, 2015) was a professional American football player. He played fullback for the American Football League's and later National Football League's Oakland Raiders from 1969 through 1976, and the Detroit Lions in 1977. He was a 3 time NFL All-Pro for the Oakland Raiders, and helped lead the team to four consecutive AFC Western Division titles from 1972 to 1975 and three consecutive AFC championship games from 1973 to 1975. Hubbard is ranked third in NFL history for highest yards per carry (4.82) for a fullback (behind only Hall of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11148998", "chunk_text": "\"Jamaal Charles\"\nyards and another touchdown. Charles carried the ball 20+ times in 6 games, and in each of those games managed at least 100 yards. This has been a trend throughout his entire career, in every game he has carried the ball 20 times, he has gained at least 100 yards. On December 23, 2012, following his qualifying 750th career carry, Charles broke NFL legend Jim Brown's 47-year-old all-time average yards per carry record of 5.22 with an average of 5.82. He was named to his second Pro Bowl as a result of his successful season. On the NFL Top 100", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11483421", "chunk_text": "\"Emmitt Smith\"\nLawrence. His brother, Emory, played on the practice squads of the Cowboys and the Green Bay Packers. Emmitt Smith Emmitt James Smith III (born May 15, 1969) is a former college and professional American football running back who became the National Football League's (NFL) all-time leading rusher during his fifteen seasons in the league during the 1990s and 2000s. Smith grew up in Pensacola, Florida and became the second-leading rusher in American high school football history while playing for Escambia High School. Smith then attended the University of Florida, where he set numerous school rushing records over a three-year college", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14480525", "chunk_text": "\"Frank Gore\"\nsince Garrison Hearst had a 49ers-record four straight 100-yard games during a stretch in 1998. In those three weeks, Gore set the team record for most rushing yards in a three-game span. Gore's breakaway ability helped him finish the season with 5.4 yards per carry, placing him third in the entire NFL, behind only Michael Vick (8.4 YPC on 123 carries) and Maurice Jones-Drew (5.7 YPC on 166 carries). The 5.4 yards per carry are tied for the second best in 49ers history. Among players with over 300 carries, however, Gore’s season puts him in elite company. Very few times", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5578192", "chunk_text": "\"Emmitt Smith\"\nEmmitt Smith Emmitt James Smith III (born May 15, 1969) is a former college and professional American football running back who became the National Football League's (NFL) all-time leading rusher during his fifteen seasons in the league during the 1990s and 2000s. Smith grew up in Pensacola, Florida and became the second-leading rusher in American high school football history while playing for Escambia High School. Smith then attended the University of Florida, where he set numerous school rushing records over a three-year college career with the Florida Gators. After being named a unanimous All-American in 1989, Smith chose to forgo", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7047633", "chunk_text": "\"Mercury Morris\"\nlingering difficulties from the neck injury suffered in 1973. Morris finished in the top five of the NFL in rushing touchdowns twice and total touchdowns once during his eight-year career. His career 5.1 yard per carry average was third all time among NFL players (1st among half backs) behind just fullbacks Jim Brown and Marion Motley. As of 2017, he ranked 6th all time behind Brown, Motley, running back Jamaal Charles and quarterbacks Michael Vick and Randall Cunningham. Morris' career kickoff return average of 26.5 is among the all-time top 20 for players with at least 100 returns, and was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18778012", "chunk_text": "\"Terrell Davis\"\nwas hugged by his teammates. After walking to midfield as the lone Broncos player at the coin toss, Davis retreated to the sideline. He spent the second half in street clothes. The following week, upon his request, he was placed on injured reserve, ending his season and effectively ending his career. Through his first four seasons, Davis rushed for 6,413 yards (4.8 yards per carry) and 56 touchdowns. Among the 24 modern-era Hall of Fame halfbacks and fullbacks, only Earl Campbell (6,457, 4.6 yards per carry) and Eric Dickerson (6,968, 4.8 yards per carry) had more rushing yards during their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10062213", "chunk_text": "\"Marion Motley\"\nMarion Motley Marion Motley (June 5, 1920 – June 27, 1999) was an American football fullback and linebacker who played for the Cleveland Browns in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) and National Football League (NFL). He was a leading pass-blocker and rusher in the late 1940s and early 1950s, and ended his career with an average of 5.7 yards per carry, a record for a fullback that still stands. A versatile player who possessed both quickness and size, Motley was a force on both offense and defense. Fellow Hall of Fame running back Joe Perry once called Motley \"\"the greatest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "55586", "chunk_text": "\"Corey Dillon\"\nto 2002, he rushed for over 1,000 yards each year, and made the Pro Bowl 3 times (1999–2001). On October 22, 2000, Dillon set an NFL record for most yards rushed in one game (278 yards) against the Denver Broncos, breaking Walter Payton's single-game mark of 275 yards set on November 20, 1977. The record has since been broken by Jamal Lewis (295 yards) on September 14, 2003, and Adrian Peterson (296 yards) on November 4, 2007; it remains a franchise record for yards and yards-per-carry (12.64). In 2003, Dillon only rushed for 541 yards due to injury, which, along", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11217132", "chunk_text": "\"2,000-yard club\"\n53 yards through two games, but ran for 100 yards or more in each of the last 14 games of the season and averaged 6.1 yards per carry during the season. In 1998 Denver Broncos running back Terrell Davis became the fourth player to rush for over 2,000 yards, running for 2,008 yards. Davis also recorded 21 rushing touchdowns in his 2,000-yard season, the only 2,000 yard rusher to do so. Davis had reached the 1,000-yard mark only seven games into the season. Baltimore Ravens running back Jamal Lewis surpassed 2,000 yards in the 2003 season, recording 2,066 yards over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13691958", "chunk_text": "\"Greg Landry\"\nChicago Blitz and Arizona Wranglers in the United States Football League (USFL) in 1983 and 1984. He then played one season with the Chicago Bears before retiring as a player in 1984. Landry was also notable as a rusher, in addition to his passing. He rushed for over 2,600 yards and 21 touchdowns in his career, exceeding 500 yards on the ground in both 1971 and 1972, as well as averaging ten yards per carry in 1970 and scoring 9 touchdowns in 1972. He currently ranks third on the all-time Lions career passing yardage list (12,451), and ranks second in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19206024", "chunk_text": "\"Jim Brown\"\nothers have compiled more prodigious statistics, when viewing Brown's standing in the game, his style of running must be considered along with statistical measures. He was very difficult to tackle (shown by his leading 5.2 yards per carry), often requiring more than one defender to bring him down. Brown retired in July 1966, after nine seasons, as the NFL's all-time leading rusher. He held the record of 12,312 yards until it was broken by Walter Payton on October 7, 1984, during Payton's 10th NFL season. Brown is still the Browns' all-time leading rusher. As of 2018 Brown is 11th on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6175689", "chunk_text": "\"Eric Dickerson\"\nbreaking the record of 100-yard games in a season held by O. J. Simpson. His 2,105 total yards rushing beat Simpson’s 1973 NFL season record of 2,003 yards (Dickerson having reached 2,007 yards after 15 games), but since the NFL expanded the regular season from 14 to 16 games in 1978, Dickerson had the benefit of playing in two additional games. No one has since rushed for more yards in a single NFL season. Dickerson's 5.6 yards per carry led the Rams to a playoff berth in 1984. Although he rushed for 1,234 yards in 1985 while missing the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9335118", "chunk_text": "\"Randall Cunningham\"\nsacks, and (1st) Brett Favre with 525 sacks. Cunningham also rushed for 4,928 yards on 775 carries and 35 touchdowns. He retired after the 2001 season as the NFL's all-time leader in rushing yards and carries for the quarterback position, (a record broken in 2011 by Michael Vick), and tied for fourth with Steve Grogan in rushing touchdowns by a QB. Cunningham also averaged 30.6 rushing yards per game during his career—second most all-time for quarterbacks, behind Michael Vick. After retirement, Cunningham returned to UNLV to finish his college degree in Leisure studies. Cunningham has also been active in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13154298", "chunk_text": "\"Johnny Bright\"\nof 5.5 yards per carry is the highest among 10,000+ yard rushers (Pro Football Hall of Famer Jim Brown is second at 5.2 yards per carry). At the time of his retirement, Bright had a then-CFL record thirty-six 100-plus-yard games, carrying the ball 200 or more times for five straight seasons. Bright led the CFL Western Conference in rushing four times, winning the Eddie James Memorial Trophy in the process, and was a CFL Western Conference All-Star five straight seasons from 1957 to 1961. Bright played in 197 consecutive CFL games as a fullback/linebacker. Bright's No. 24 jersey was added", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18892507", "chunk_text": "\"Pro Bowl\"\nall-time rushing yards, was elected to his only Pro Bowl in 2007, despite averaging 4.6 yards per carry for his career, better than all but five running backs ranked in the top 30 in all-time rushing. Aaron Smith made it to the Pro Bowl once in 13 years (2004) despite winning two Super Bowl rings with the Pittsburgh Steelers and being named to the \"\"Sports Illustrated 2000s All Decade Team\"\", despite defensive teammates such as Troy Polamalu, Casey Hampton, and James Harrison being named to multiple Pro Bowls during his career; Smith would often be ranked as one of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15163103", "chunk_text": "\"Damon Allen\"\nDamon Allen Damon Allen (born July 29, 1963) is a former professional quarterback who played in the Canadian Football League. He is currently second in all-time professional football passing yards and second in all-time CFL passing yards after he was surpassed for first place by the Montréal Alouettes' Anthony Calvillo on October 10, 2011. He is pro-football's combined passing & rushing leader with a total of 84,301 yards. Allen retired as professional football's all-time leading passer with 72,381 passing yards after he surpassed Warren Moon's total of 70,553 yards (in both the CFL and NFL combined) on September 4, 2006", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18778001", "chunk_text": "\"Terrell Davis\"\nTerrell Davis Terrell Lamar Davis (born October 28, 1972) is a former American football running back who played for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL) from 1995 to 2001. Davis was elected into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2017. Davis was drafted by the Broncos in the sixth round (196th pick overall) of the 1995 NFL Draft. He is the Denver Broncos all-time leading rusher, with 7,607 rushing yards. As a player, he was given the nickname \"\"T. D.\"\" by players, fans and the media; this denoted both the initials of his first and last", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9938592", "chunk_text": "\"Barry Sanders\"\ngained 53 yards on 25 carries in the first two games of the season (though he passed Eric Dickerson as the active leader in career rushing yards), Sanders ran for an NFL record 14 consecutive 100 yard games, including two 200 yard performances, en route to rushing for 2,053 yards. In reaching the 2,000 yard plateau, he became only the third player to do so in a single season and the first since O. J. Simpson to rush for 2,000 yards in a span of 14 consecutive games. He was the first running back to rush for 1,500 yards in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12407654", "chunk_text": "\"Brian Mitchell (American football)\"\nhe was released before the 2004 season. He then re-signed to a one-day contract with the Washington Redskins, allowing him to retire a Redskin. Mitchell is the NFL's second all-time leader in total yardage, second only to Jerry Rice with 23,330 yards, thanks in large part to his 14,014 yards from kickoff returns and his 4,999 punt return yards. Both are NFL records, and his 875 postseason kickoff return yards are a record as well. He also rushed for 1,967 yards on 388 carries (avg. 5.1 rushing yards), caught 255 passes for 2,336 yards, recovered 20 fumbles for 14 return", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14485771", "chunk_text": "\"DeMarco Murray\"\nthis game were a rookie rushing record for a game in club history, previously held by Tony Dorsett (206 yards in 1977). His 10.1 yards-per-carry is the highest rushing average with 20-or-more attempts for a game in club history, previously held by Tony Dorsett (8.96 in 1977), the 10th most rushing yards in a game in league history, the second-most rushing yards in a game by a rookie in league history, second-longest touchdown run on a player’s first career rushing touchdown in league history, and the most rushing yards by a running back in one game ever allowed by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6360765", "chunk_text": "\"Marion Motley\"\ngames as large black audiences came to watch them. By one estimate, 10,000 black fans saw the Browns play their first game. Aided by Motley's swiftness and size, the Browns won the NFL championship in 1950, their first season in the league. In October 1950, Motley set an NFL record that stood for more than 52 years when he averaged over 17 yards per rush against the Pittsburgh Steelers, with 188 yards on 11 carries. In December 2002, quarterback Michael Vick of the Atlanta Falcons rushed for 173 yards on 10 carries against the Minnesota Vikings, eclipsing Motley's average. Motley", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13717215", "chunk_text": "\"Jim Brown\"\nwhich were all records when he retired. He averaged 104.1 rushing yards per game, and is the only player in NFL history to average over 100 rushing yards per game for his career. His 5.2 yards per rush is second-best among running backs. Brown was enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1971. He was named to the NFL 75th Anniversary All-Time Team, comprising the best players in NFL history. His number 32 jersey is retired by the Browns. Shortly after his football career, Brown became an actor, and had several leading roles throughout the 1970s. Brown was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3358105", "chunk_text": "\"Damon Allen\"\nClemons. In 2018, Allen was inducted into the Canada's Sports Hall of Fame. Damon Allen Damon Allen (born July 29, 1963) is a former professional quarterback who played in the Canadian Football League. He is currently second in all-time professional football passing yards and second in all-time CFL passing yards after he was surpassed for first place by the Montréal Alouettes' Anthony Calvillo on October 10, 2011. He is pro-football's combined passing & rushing leader with a total of 84,301 yards. Allen retired as professional football's all-time leading passer with 72,381 passing yards after he surpassed Warren Moon's total of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8688743", "chunk_text": "\"Curtis Brown (running back, born 1984)\"\nthe previous mark set by Jamal Willis. After breaking the rushing record, Brown praised the play of the offensive line rather than take credit for the accomplishment himself. He averaged over five yards per carry during his college tenure. Brown's record was in turn surpassed by Harvey Unga on November 21, 2009. After college, Brown was signed by the Cincinnati Bengals and played on the team during the 2007 preseason. He saw action in all four games and recorded stats against Detroit, New Orleans, and Indianapolis. Ultimately, he did not make the team's final roster. Curtis Brown (running back, born", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13192059", "chunk_text": "\"Neal Anderson\"\nas a rookie immediately following the Bears' championship season. The Bears picked Anderson to back up, and eventually succeed, Walter Payton, who became the Bears and NFL's all-time rushing leader during his lengthy career. After Payton's retirement in , Anderson became the team's starting running back. Anderson's best years came during the late 1980s, where he rushed for over 1,000 yards in three consecutive seasons. In all three seasons, Anderson scored over ten touchdowns and averaged over four yards per carry. Ultimately, his best season came in , when he rushed for 1,275 yards, received 434 yards, and scored 15", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "671481", "chunk_text": "\"Kevin Smith (running back)\"\nrecord of 450 rushing attempts, topping the old mark of 405 carries by Marcus Allen (USC) in 1981 and falling just 62 yards shy of setting the NCAA season-rushing record of 2,628 yards set by former Lions great, Barry Sanders (Oklahoma State) in 1988. Early in his last season, Smith was touted as a dark horse candidate for the Heisman trophy, and ended up finishing in eighth place with 55 total points and three first-place votes to become only the second UCF player (after Daunte Culpepper, his future Lions teammate) to receive Heisman votes. He was also the first consensus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16880793", "chunk_text": "\"Jamal Lewis\"\nBowl (21). Lewis missed his sophomore year due to a knee injury he sustained in training camp. Lewis's injury weakened the Ravens running game for much of the season. In the 2003 season, Lewis led the NFL in rushing with 2,066 yards, falling just 40 yards short of officially breaking the all-time single season rushing record, which remains Eric Dickerson's 2,105 record-breaking yards in 1984. Lewis joined Dickerson, Terrell Davis, Barry Sanders, and O. J. Simpson as the only backs in the 2,000 rushing yards club. In 2009, Chris Johnson of the Tennessee Titans, would also surpass the 2,000-yard mark", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16880794", "chunk_text": "\"Jamal Lewis\"\nby rushing for 2,006 yards. In 2012, Adrian Peterson of the Minnesota Vikings finished with 2,097 rushing yards, the second-most ever for a running back in a single season. On September 14, 2003, Lewis broke Corey Dillon's single-game rushing record of 278 yards by running for 295 yards against the Cleveland Browns. Lewis was rewarded by being named NFL Offensive Player of the Year by the Associated Press. Lewis's single-game rushing record was later broken by Adrian Peterson of the Minnesota Vikings on November 4, 2007, when he ran for 296 yards against the San Diego Chargers. After the 2005", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15173291", "chunk_text": "\"Clinton Portis\"\nyard rushing season in seven years, finishing with 1487 yards and an average of 4.3 yards per carry. His season was highlighted by a five-week stretch in which Portis gained nearly 700 yards, ending in an October 26 victory over the Detroit Lions. During this span Clinton Portis joined O.J. Simpson as the only players in NFL history to rush for at least 120 yards in five consecutive games twice in a career (Portis first did it over two seasons with four games with Denver in 2003 and one game with Washington in 2004). Portis led the NFL in rushing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15766639", "chunk_text": "\"Jamaal Charles\"\ncareer Pro Bowl. His 6.38 yards per carry average for the season was the second-highest average in NFL history, second only to Hall of Famer Jim Brown, only two one-hundredths of a yard off of the record pace set by the Browns legend. On December 11, 2010, the Chiefs reached an agreement with Charles on a five-year, $32.5 million deal that includes $13 million guaranteed. In the 2011 Pro Bowl, Charles rushed for 72-yards on 10 carries and scored one touchdown. Charles was honored for his performance in the 2010 season by being selected to his first AP All-Pro team.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "877457", "chunk_text": "\"Ernie Caddel\"\nrushing and receiving yards. He accomplished the feat in 1934 and again in 1936. The next player to twice rank in the top 10 in both categories was Frank Gifford in 1956 and 1957. In 1937, Caddel led the NFL for the third consecutive year in yards per rushing attempt with an average of 5.6 yards per carry. After retiring from football, Caddel operated an automobile dealership, Roseville Chevrolet, in Roseville, California, for 42 years. He became known for his charismatic personality and for starring in light-hearted TV commercials\"\" with \"\"The Roseville Gang.\"\" He died due to complications Alzheimer's in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17935368", "chunk_text": "\"Jim Skipper\"\ncoach till 1995. During his 10-year tenure with New Orleans, Skipper coached two Pro Bowlers, Rueben Mayes in 1986 and 1987 and Dalton Hilliard in 1989. Mayes' 1,353 yards in 1986 and Hilliard's 1,262 in 1989 still stand among the 10 highest single-season rushing totals in Saints history. He became the running backs coach for the Carolina Panthers since 2002. In 2009, Skipper helped make NFL history as two of his running backs, DeAngelo Williams and Jonathan Stewart, became the first set of teammates ever to rush for over 1,100 yards in the same season. He was announced as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15890969", "chunk_text": "\"Emmitt Smith\"\ntouchdowns and averaged 7.3 yards per reception in his 2-year time with the Arizona Cardinals. Three days before Super Bowl XXXIX on February 3, 2005, Smith announced his retirement from the NFL. He was not re-signed by the Cardinals and signed a one-day contract for one dollar with the Dallas Cowboys, after which he immediately retired with the team he had played with for most of his career. Smith currently holds the NFL record in career rushing yards with 18,355, breaking the previous record held by Walter Payton, on October 27, 2002. He leads all running backs with 164 career", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_362	who commissioned the first christmas card in 1943?	n/a	[ "Sir Henry Cole" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7697857", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas card\"\nof the season such as the snow and wildlife of the northern winter. Some secular cards depict nostalgic scenes of the past such as crinolined shoppers in 19th century streetscapes; others are humorous, particularly in depicting the antics of Santa and his elves. The first recorded Christmas cards were sent by Michael Maier to James I of England and his son Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales in 1611. It was discovered in 1979 by Adam McLean in the Scottish Record Office. They incorporated Rosicrucian imagery, with the words of the greeting – \"\"A greeting on the birthday of the Sacred", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19889234", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas in the post-war United States\"\nPlay-Doh's sales skyrocketed after being advertised on influential children's television programs such as \"\"Ding Dong School\"\" and \"\"Captain Kangaroo\"\". The first White House Christmas card was sent during the administration of Dwight David Eisenhower in 1953. President Eisenhower was an amateur artist and personally consulted with the head of Hallmark Cards on the project. Over the course of two terms, the Eisenhower White House issued 38 different cards and prints with many of them bearing the President's own artwork. The tradition was continued during the Kennedy years with Jacqueline Kennedy's artwork featured on a 1963 card issued to raise funds", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5737232", "chunk_text": "\"Henry Cole\"\nHenry Cole Sir Henry Cole (15 July 1808 – 18 April 1882) was a British civil servant and inventor who facilitated many innovations in commerce and education in 19th century in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Cole is credited with devising the concept of sending greetings cards at Christmas time, introducing the world's first commercial Christmas card in 1843. Henry Cole was born in Bath the son of Captain Henry Robert Cole, then of the 1st Dragoon Guards, and his wife Lætitia Dormer. He was sent in 1817 to Christ's Hospital, and upon leaving school in 1823", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7618915", "chunk_text": "\"Cleven Goudeau\"\nCleven Goudeau Cleven \"\"Goodie\"\" Goudeau (c. January 15, 1932 – January 26, 2015) was an art director and cartoonist, credited as originator of the first line of African American contemporary greeting cards. He held the record at one time for the longest card (4 feet), and produced the first nationally published card featuring a Black Santa Claus. When Goudeau was 19, the manager of the shop where he worked caught him drawing on boxes in the back room, and recruited him to make some cartoons for the Naval Supply Newsletter. After meeting Morrie Turner (creator of \"\"Wee Pals\"\") and seeing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7697861", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas card\"\ncards with envelopes had returned. The extensive Laura Seddon Greeting Card Collection from the Manchester Metropolitan University gathers 32,000 Victorian and Edwardian greeting cards, printed by the major publishers of the day, including Britain's first commercially produced Christmas card. The production of Christmas cards was, throughout the 20th century, a profitable business for many stationery manufacturers, with the design of cards continually evolving with changing tastes and printing techniques. The now widely recognized brand Hallmark Cards was established in 1913 by Joyce Hall with the help of brother Rollie Hall to market their self-produced Christmas cards. The Hall brothers capitalized", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7697864", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas card\"\nin the 2008 festive period. In mostly non-religious countries (e.g. Czech Republic), the cards are rather called New Year Cards, however they are sent before Christmas and the emphasis (design, texts) is mostly given to the New Year, omitting religious symbols. \"\"Official\"\" Christmas cards began with Queen Victoria in the 1840s. The British royal family's cards are generally portraits reflecting significant personal events of the year. Despite the governing practice of the separation of church and state within American politics, there is a long-standing custom for the President and First Lady to send White House Christmas Cards each holiday season.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2767914", "chunk_text": "\"Henry Cole\"\ngrandmother in 1843, sold at auction for £22,500. Henry Cole Sir Henry Cole (15 July 1808 – 18 April 1882) was a British civil servant and inventor who facilitated many innovations in commerce and education in 19th century in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Cole is credited with devising the concept of sending greetings cards at Christmas time, introducing the world's first commercial Christmas card in 1843. Henry Cole was born in Bath the son of Captain Henry Robert Cole, then of the 1st Dragoon Guards, and his wife Lætitia Dormer. He was sent in 1817 to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7697858", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas card\"\nKing, to the most worshipful and energetic lord and most eminent James, King of Great Britain and Ireland, and Defender of the true faith, with a gesture of joyful celebration of the Birthday of the Lord, in most joyand fortune, we enter into the new auspicious year 1612\"\" – being laid out to form a rose. The next cards were commissioned by Sir Henry Cole and illustrated by John Callcott Horsley in London on 1 May 1843. The central picture showed three generations of a family raising a toast to the card's recipient: on either side were scenes of charity,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14697254", "chunk_text": "Christmas\npreceding Christmas Day. The traditional greeting reads \"\"wishing you a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year\"\", much like that of the first commercial Christmas card, produced by Sir Henry Cole in London in 1843. The custom of sending them has become popular among a wide cross-section of people with the emergence of the modern trend towards exchanging E-cards. Christmas cards are purchased in considerable quantities, and feature artwork, commercially designed and relevant to the season. The content of the design might relate directly to the Christmas narrative, with depictions of the Nativity of Jesus, or Christian symbols such as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7618918", "chunk_text": "\"Cleven Goudeau\"\ncartooning as well as mentoring adults in their art careers. Goodie died at the age of 83 on January 26, 2015. He and Jeanette had four girls: Brendalyn, Joyce, Sharon, and Clevia, and a grandson Xavier. Cleven Goudeau Cleven \"\"Goodie\"\" Goudeau (c. January 15, 1932 – January 26, 2015) was an art director and cartoonist, credited as originator of the first line of African American contemporary greeting cards. He held the record at one time for the longest card (4 feet), and produced the first nationally published card featuring a Black Santa Claus. When Goudeau was 19, the manager of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7697859", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas card\"\nwith food and clothing being given to the poor. Allegedly the image of the family drinking wine together proved controversial, but the idea was shrewd: Cole had helped introduce the Penny Post three years earlier. Two batches totaling 2,050 cards were printed and sold that year for a shilling each. Early British cards rarely showed winter or religious themes, instead favoring flowers, fairies and other fanciful designs that reminded the recipient of the approach of spring. Humorous and sentimental images of children and animals were popular, as were increasingly elaborate shapes, decorations and materials. At Christmas 1873, the lithograph firm", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7697860", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas card\"\nPrang and Mayer began creating greeting cards for the popular market in Britain The firm began selling the Christmas card in America in 1874, thus becoming the first printer to offer cards in America. Its owner, Louis Prang, is sometimes called the \"\"father of the American Christmas card.\"\" By the 1880s, Prang was producing over five million cards a year by using the chromolithography process of printmaking. However, the popularity of his cards led to cheap imitations that eventually drove him from the market. The advent of the postcard spelled the end for elaborate Victorian-style cards, but by the 1920s,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7697865", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas card\"\nThe practice originated with President Calvin Coolidge, who was the first president to issue a written statement of peaceful tidings during the holidays in 1927. President Herbert Hoover was the first to give Christmas notes to the White House staff, and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the first president to utilize the card format (rather than the previously used notes or a written statement) that most closely resembles the Christmas cards of today. In 1953, U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower issued the first official White House card. The cards usually depict White House scenes as rendered by prominent American artists.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7697869", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas card\"\nevents over the Christmas season, when members of the public can make their own Christmas cards in the Strang Print Room. Specimens from the \"\"golden age\"\" of printing (1840s–1890s) are especially prized and bring in large sums at auctions. In December 2005, one of Horsley's original cards sold for nearly £9,000. Collectors may focus on particular images like Santa Claus, poets, or printing techniques. The Christmas card that holds the world record as the most expensive ever sold was a card produced in 1843 by J. C. Horsley and commissioned by civil servant Sir Henry Cole. The card, one of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10195835", "chunk_text": "\"Greeting card\"\na popular and affordable means of personal communication, due largely to advances in printing, mechanization, and a reduction in postal rates with the introduction of the postage stamp. This was followed by new trends like Christmas cards, the first of which appeared in published form in London in 1843 when Sir Henry Cole hired artist John Calcott Horsley to design a holiday card that he could send to his friends and acquaintances. In the 1860s, companies like Marcus Ward & Co, Goodall and Charles Bennett began the mass production of greeting cards. They employed well known artists such as Kate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5809745", "chunk_text": "\"Diana Redhouse\"\nfounded the Hampstead branch of Amnesty International. She married the architect Alexander Redhouse (died 2004), later a partner of Sir Denys Lasdun, and they had two daughters, Naomi and Rebecca. Diana Redhouse Diana Devora Redhouse (26 April 1923 – 19 October 2007) was a British artist, best known as the designer in 1963 of Amnesty International's first ever Christmas card, a candle wrapped in barbed wire, chosen because of \"\"its simplicity and the effectiveness of its symbolism\"\". She was born in London to Jewish parents of Polish/Russian origin, and educated at a local convent school which only had two or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9491727", "chunk_text": "\"John Callcott Horsley\"\nJohn Callcott Horsley John Callcott Horsley RA (29 January 1817 – 18 October 1903), was an English Academic painter of genre and historical scenes, illustrator, and designer of the first Christmas card. He was a member of the artist's colony in Cranbrook. Horsley was born in London, the son of William Horsley, the musician, and grand-nephew of Sir Augustus Callcott. His sister Mary Elizabeth Horsley wed the famous British engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel in 1836. Horsley was mentored by William Mulready and Augustus Wall Callcot who sent him at age thirteen to study at Dr Henry Sass's academy where he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7697870", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas card\"\nthe world's first, was sold in 2001 by UK auctioneers Henry Aldridge to an anonymous bidder for a record breaking £22,250. Since the 19th century, many families and individuals have chosen to make their own Christmas cards, either in response to monetary necessity, as an artistic endeavour, or in order to avoid the commercialism associated with Christmas cards. With a higher preference of handmade gifts during the 19th century over purchased or commercial items, homemade cards carried high sentimental value as gifts alone. Many families make the creation of Christmas cards a family endeavour and part of the seasonal festivity,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5809744", "chunk_text": "\"Diana Redhouse\"\nDiana Redhouse Diana Devora Redhouse (26 April 1923 – 19 October 2007) was a British artist, best known as the designer in 1963 of Amnesty International's first ever Christmas card, a candle wrapped in barbed wire, chosen because of \"\"its simplicity and the effectiveness of its symbolism\"\". She was born in London to Jewish parents of Polish/Russian origin, and educated at a local convent school which only had two or three Jewish girls. She left school at 16, and served in the army during the war, who afterwards helped her get a place at St Martins School of Art. She", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7697862", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas card\"\non a growing desire for more personalized greeting cards, and reached critical success when the outbreak of World War I increased demand for cards to send to soldiers. The World Wars brought cards with patriotic themes. Idiosyncratic \"\"studio cards\"\" with cartoon illustrations and sometimes risque humor caught on in the 1950s. Nostalgic, sentimental, and religious images have continued in popularity, and, in the 21st century, reproductions of Victorian and Edwardian cards are easy to obtain. Modern Christmas cards can be bought individually but are also sold in packs of the same or varied designs. In recent decades changes in technology", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "940374", "chunk_text": "\"Rust Craft Greeting Card Company\"\nRust Craft Greeting Card Company The Rust Craft Greeting Card Company was an American greeting card, printing company and owner of television stations. It produced what is believed to be the first Christmas card. The company was founded in a bookstore in Kansas City, Missouri, in 1906 by its owner, Fred Winslow Rust. The first Christmas card was printed on heavy tan paper and included a brief message in two colors. The success of the Christmas card grew into a business letters, postcards, and greeting cards with envelopes. Rust revolutionized the use of the \"\"French Fold,\"\" which turned a single", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17212115", "chunk_text": "\"Culture of the United Kingdom\"\nThe world's first postcard was received by Theodore Hook from Fulham, London in 1840. The first pillar boxes had the distinctive Imperial cypher of Victoria Regina. Most pillar boxes produced after 1905 are made of cast iron and are cylindrical, and have served well throughout the reigns of George V, Edward VIII, George VI and Elizabeth II. The sending and receiving of greeting cards is an established tradition in the UK, with card sending or card display in the home being an important part of British culture. Sir Henry Cole devised the concept of sending greetings cards at Christmas time.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8129294", "chunk_text": "\"Siegmund Hildesheimer\"\nSiegmund Hildesheimer Siegmund Hildesheimer (1832–1896) was a German-born British publisher, best known for Christmas and other greetings cards, and postcards, produced by Siegmund Hildesheimer & Co Ltd, in London and Manchester. He was born in Halberstadt, Germany, the son of Abraham Hildesheimer and Sara Meyer. He moved to Manchester, England in the mid-1870s. His younger brother Albert Hildesheimer (1843–1924) was also active in publishing Christmas cards, and in 1881 went into partnership with Charles William Faulkner, as Hildesheimer & Faulkner, with offices at 41 Jewin Street, London. On 15 August 1858, Hildesheimer married Pauline Hirsh, and they had two daughters,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "52487", "chunk_text": "Christmas\nIn 1875, Louis Prang introduced the Christmas card to Americans. He has been called the \"\"father of the American Christmas card\"\". On June 28, 1870, Christmas was formally declared a United States federal holiday. Up to the 1950s in the UK, many Christmas customs were restricted to the upper classes and better-off families. The mass of the population had not adopted many of the Christmas rituals that later became general. The Christmas tree was rare. Christmas dinner might be beef—certainly not turkey. In their stockings children might get an apple, orange, and sweets. Full celebration of a family Christmas with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2190420", "chunk_text": "\"J. Arthur Dixon\"\nJ. Arthur Dixon John Arthur Dixon (18 June 1897 - 19 May 1958) was the British founder of the eponymous manufacturer of greetings cards and postcards. Dixon was born at Cross Hills, Keighley, Yorkshire, the eldest son of Charles C. Dixon. In 1926, he moved to Shanklin on the Isle of Wight, where he bought a small printing business. Dixon was a keen photographer, and in 1937 he produced his first Christmas cards. From 1947, he was producing postcards, initially under contract for W. J. Nigh & Sons Ltd, Ventnor, Isle of Wight, and soon after on his own account.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13496560", "chunk_text": "\"Louis Prang\"\nLouis Prang Louis Prang (March 12, 1824 – September 14, 1909) was an American printer, lithographer, publisher, and Georgist. He is sometimes known as the \"\"father of the American Christmas card\"\". Prang was born in Breslau in Prussian Silesia. His father Jonas Louis Prang was a textile manufacturer and of French Huguenot origin; his mother, Rosina Silverman, was German. Because of health problems as a boy, Prang was unable to receive much standard schooling and became an apprentice to his father, learning engraving and calico dyeing and printing. In the early 1840s, Prang travelled around Bohemia working in printing and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1832994", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas traditions\"\nby the Hanoverians. Queen Victoria as a child made note of it in her diary for Christmas Eve 1832; the delighted 13-year-old princess wrote, \"\"After dinner ... we then went into the drawing-room near the dining-room ... There were two large round tables on which were placed two trees hung with lights and sugar ornaments. All the presents being placed round the trees..\"\". Since the first commercial Christmas card was produced in London in 1843, cards are sent in the weeks leading up to Christmas, many of which contain the English festive greeting \"\"Merry Christmas\"\". On Christmas Day, a public", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19244235", "chunk_text": "Postcard\na postcard is usually printed by a private company, individual or organization, a postal card is issued by the relevant postal authority. The world's oldest postcard was sent in 1840 to the writer Theodore Hook from Fulham in London, England. The study and collecting of postcards is termed \"\"deltiology\"\". Cards with messages had been sporadically created and posted by individuals since the beginning of postal services. The earliest known picture postcard was a hand-painted design on card, posted in Fulham in London by the writer Theodore Hook to himself in 1840, and bearing a penny black stamp. He probably created", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13496565", "chunk_text": "\"Louis Prang\"\nTaber-Prang Company and moved to Springfield, Massachusetts (filed for bankruptcy in about 1938). Prang died in Los Angeles on vacation in 1909. He is buried in Forest Hills Cemetery in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts. Louis Prang Louis Prang (March 12, 1824 – September 14, 1909) was an American printer, lithographer, publisher, and Georgist. He is sometimes known as the \"\"father of the American Christmas card\"\". Prang was born in Breslau in Prussian Silesia. His father Jonas Louis Prang was a textile manufacturer and of French Huguenot origin; his mother, Rosina Silverman, was German. Because of health problems as a boy, Prang", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15029680", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas stamp\"\nBrazil issued four semi-postal stamps with designs featuring the three kings and a star, an angel and child, the Southern Cross and a child, and a mother and child. In 1941 Hungary also issued a semi-postal whose additional fees were to pay for \"\"soldiers' Christmas\"\". The first stamps to depict the Nativity were the Hungary issue of 1943. These were all one-time issues, more like commemorative stamps than regular issues. The next Christmas stamps did not appear until 1951, when Cuba issued designs with poinsettias and bells, followed by Haiti (1954), Luxembourg and Spain (1955), then Australia, Korea, and Liechtenstein", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "52482", "chunk_text": "Christmas\nScrooge became a synonym for miser, with \"\"Bah! Humbug!\"\" dismissive of the festive spirit. In 1843, the first commercial Christmas card was produced by Sir Henry Cole. The revival of the Christmas Carol began with William Sandys's \"\"Christmas Carols Ancient and Modern\"\" (1833), with the first appearance in print of \"\"The First Noel\"\", \"\"I Saw Three Ships\"\", \"\"Hark the Herald Angels Sing\"\" and \"\"God Rest Ye Merry, Gentlemen\"\", popularized in Dickens' \"\"A Christmas Carol\"\". In Britain, the Christmas tree was introduced in the early 19th century following the personal union with the Kingdom of Hanover by Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, wife", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8132178", "chunk_text": "\"Siegmund Hildesheimer\"\nMargarethe Hildesheimer and Anna Hildesheimer. Siegmund Hildesheimer Siegmund Hildesheimer (1832–1896) was a German-born British publisher, best known for Christmas and other greetings cards, and postcards, produced by Siegmund Hildesheimer & Co Ltd, in London and Manchester. He was born in Halberstadt, Germany, the son of Abraham Hildesheimer and Sara Meyer. He moved to Manchester, England in the mid-1870s. His younger brother Albert Hildesheimer (1843–1924) was also active in publishing Christmas cards, and in 1881 went into partnership with Charles William Faulkner, as Hildesheimer & Faulkner, with offices at 41 Jewin Street, London. On 15 August 1858, Hildesheimer married Pauline Hirsh,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9781376", "chunk_text": "\"Rust Craft Greeting Card Company\"\nwife and son and had a summer house in Cohasset, Massachusetts. He died in 1949 at the age of 73. Donald had two sons with his wife, and later had four grandchildren. He died in 1961 at 84, having spent his final years in Cohasset. Rust Craft Greeting Card Company The Rust Craft Greeting Card Company was an American greeting card, printing company and owner of television stations. It produced what is believed to be the first Christmas card. The company was founded in a bookstore in Kansas City, Missouri, in 1906 by its owner, Fred Winslow Rust. The first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19889236", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas in the post-war United States\"\nwell as contemporary cultural images such as elves sporting Beatle haircuts and psychedelic Christmas trees in Warholesque colors. \"\"Happy Christmas\"\" replaced \"\"Merry Christmas\"\" here and there after clergymen decided the traditional greeting was associated with inebriation. In 1961, 50 billion Christmas cards were mailed by Americans, and, in 1962, America's first Christmas postage stamp was issued—causing a mild firestorm by those who felt the stamp violated separation of church and state. Mamie Eisenhower's Million-Dollar Fudge Recipe was a favorite holiday treat of the Eisenhower White House years. and first appeared in \"\"Who Says We Can't Cook?\"\", a spiral-bound collection of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5737237", "chunk_text": "\"Henry Cole\"\nworking out the scheme. From 1837 to 1840, he worked as an assistant to Rowland Hill and played a key role in the introduction of the Penny Post. He is sometimes credited with the design of the world's first postage stamp, the Penny Black. In 1843, Cole introduced the world's first commercial Christmas card, commissioning artist John Callcott Horsley to make the artwork. Cole was personally interested in industrial design, and under the pseudonym Felix Summerly designed a number of items which went into production, including a prize-winning teapot manufactured by Minton. As Felix Summerly, he also wrote a series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19244236", "chunk_text": "Postcard\nand posted the card to himself as a practical joke on the postal service, since the image is a caricature of workers in the post office. In 2002 the postcard sold for a record £31,750. In the United States, the custom of sending through the mail, at letter rate, a picture or blank card stock that held a message, began with a card postmarked in December 1848 containing printed advertising. The first commercially produced card was created in 1861 by John P. Charlton of Philadelphia, who patented a postal card, and sold the rights to Hymen Lipman, whose postcards, complete", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7697868", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas card\"\nseal the back of envelopes, typically showing a trinket or some symbol of Christmas. In 2004, the German post office gave away 20 million free scented stickers, to make Christmas cards smell of a fir Christmas tree, cinnamon, gingerbread, a honey-wax candle, a baked apple and an orange. From the beginning, Christmas cards have been avidly collected. Queen Mary amassed a large collection that is now housed in the British Museum. The University College London's Slade School of Fine Art houses a collection of handmade Christmas Cards from alumni such as Paula Rego and Richard Hamilton and are displayed at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4213193", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas and holiday season\"\nmotto on winter season greeting cards, and in commercial advertisements, than as a spoken phrase. In addition to \"\"Merry Christmas\"\", Victorian Christmas cards bore a variety of salutations, including \"\"compliments of the season\"\" and \"\"Christmas greetings.\"\" By the late 19th century, \"\"with the season's greetings\"\" or simply \"\"the season's greetings\"\" began appearing. By the 1920s it had been shortened to \"\"season's greetings,\"\" and has been a greeting card fixture ever since. Several White House Christmas cards, including U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower's 1955 card, have featured the phrase. Various studies have been performed on the effects of the Christmas and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8474815", "chunk_text": "\"Tiffany & Co.\"\nof the United States Department of the Navy. This \"\"Tiffany Cross\"\" version was rare because it was awarded only for combat, using the previous design for non-combat awards. In 1942, the Navy established the Tiffany version for \"\"non\"\"-combat heroism as well but, in August 1942, the Navy subsequently eliminated the Tiffany Cross and the two-medal system. In 1956, legendary designer Jean Schlumberger joined Tiffany, and Andy Warhol collaborated with the company to create Tiffany holiday cards (circa 1956–1962). In 1968, Lady Bird Johnson, First Lady of the U.S. at the time, commissioned Tiffany to design a White House china-service that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2911709", "chunk_text": "\"Bernhardt Wall\"\nBernhardt Wall Bernhardt T. Wall (December 30, 1872 – February 9, 1956) was an American historian and lithographic illustrator. He designed more than 5,000 comic cards, and became known as the \"\"Postcard King\"\". Many were \"\"patriotic\"\" cards, and American \"\"propaganda\"\" cards printed during World War I. After Wall visited Colorado, Nevada and California in 1915, he produced much work of western themes with small towns, Indians and cowboys. Wall worked with a variety of publishers over his career, most notably Valentine & Sons, Bergman, Barton and Spooner, International Art Co., the Illustrated Postal Card Co., Gibson Art Co., and J.I.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "256192", "chunk_text": "\"Studio cards\"\nStudio cards Studio cards were tall, narrow humorous greeting cards which became popular during the 1950s. The approach was sometimes cutting or caustic, a distinct alternative to the type of mild humor previously employed by the major greeting card companies. Pioneer publishers of studio cards were Rosalind Welcher, Fred Slavic, Nellie Caroll, Bill Kennedy and Bill Box. These independent card creators eventually found it difficult to compete after Hallmark Cards bought up shopping mall franchises so only Hallmark Cards would be displayed. In 1945, when Slavic was in the Merchant Marine, he and Welcher met in New York at a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19889235", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas in the post-war United States\"\nfor a national performing arts center. Early in the post-War years, cards exhibited traditional sentiments and art that reassured war weary Americans. As the 1960s neared, however, sophisticated, adult-oriented cards called \"\"Slim Jims\"\" began appearing on the market. The cards displayed Santas driving fin-tailed convertibles and beatniks delivering greetings in hepcat lingo. The highly stylized cards remained popular well into the 1960s, poking fun at fads and world events. Family photo cards and newsletters (meticulously handwritten or typed by busy moms) became commonplace during the 1960s as well. Hallmark brought African American culture to greeting cards in the 1960s as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7697874", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas card\"\nor a combination of the two, whereas other people appreciate Christmas letters as more personal than mass-produced cards with a generic missive and an opportunity to \"\"catch up\"\" with the lives of family and friends who are rarely seen or communicated with. Since the letter will be received by both close and distant relatives, there is also the potential for the family members to object to how they are presented to others; an entire episode of \"\"Everybody Loves Raymond\"\" was built around conflict over the content of just such a letter. During the first 70 years of the 19th century", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7697855", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas card\"\nChristmas card A Christmas card is a greeting card sent as part of the traditional celebration of Christmas in order to convey between people a range of sentiments related to Christmastide and the holiday season. Christmas cards are usually exchanged during the weeks preceding Christmas Day by many people (including some non-Christians) in Western society and in Asia. The traditional greeting reads \"\"wishing you a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year\"\". There are innumerable variations on this greeting, many cards expressing more religious sentiment, or containing a poem, prayer, Christmas song lyrics or Biblical verse; others focus on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14124508", "chunk_text": "\"Philip Van Doren Stern\"\nand was then unable to find a publisher. He sent 200 printed copies to friends as Christmas cards in December 1943. His daughter, Marguerite Stern Robinson, recalled \"\"I was in the third grade and remember delivering a few of these cards to my teachers and my friends... My father, who was himself from a mixed religious background, explained to me that while this story takes place at Christmas time, and that we were sending it as a Christmas card to our friends, it is a universal story for all people in all times.\"\" The story was published as a book", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3850713", "chunk_text": "\"Freedom from Want (painting)\"\nFreedom from Want (painting) Freedom from Want, also known as The Thanksgiving Picture or I'll Be Home for Christmas, is the third of the \"\"Four Freedoms\"\" series of four oil paintings by American artist Norman Rockwell. The works were inspired by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt's 1941 State of the Union Address, known as Four Freedoms. The painting was created in November 1942 and published in the March 6, 1943 issue of \"\"The Saturday Evening Post\"\". All of the people in the picture were friends and family of Rockwell in Arlington, Vermont, who were photographed individually and painted into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7944907", "chunk_text": "\"John Callcott Horsley\"\nduring the 1880s, the example of the French Salon began to affect the Academy exhibitors, and paintings of the nude became the fashion, he protested against the innovation, and his attitude caused \"\"Punch\"\" to give him the sobriquet of \"\"Mr J. C(lothes) Horsley\"\" (a pun on clothes horse). He resigned from the academy in 1897, and became a \"\"retired Academician\"\". Horsley designed the first ever Christmas card, commissioned by Henry Cole. It caused some controversy because it depicted a small child drinking wine. He also designed the Horsley envelope, a pre-paid envelope that was the precursor to the postage stamp.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5507802", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas Letter Mission\"\nChristmas Letter Mission The Christmas Letter Mission was an English charity established in the 19th century, which aimed to send a Christmas card to every hospital patient in England. The card was accompanied by a letter. The charity had its origins in a programme set up by Miss E. E. Steele Elliott in 1871 and overseen by a church in Brighton, which aimed to send Christmas cards to all patients in the county of Sussex. The charity's aims later expanded again to include prisoners and those in workhouses, police officers, railway workers, post office employees and others. The cards were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7697867", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas card\"\nspecial Christmas cards as a fundraising tool. The most famous of these enterprises is probably the UNICEF Christmas card program, launched in 1949, which selects artwork from internationally known artists for card reproduction. The UK-based Charities Advisory Trust gives out an annual \"\"Scrooge Award\"\" to the cards that return the smallest percentage to the charities they claim to support although it is not universally well received by the Christmas card producers. Many countries produce official Christmas stamps, which may be brightly colored and depict some aspect of Christmas tradition or a Nativity scene. Small decorative stickers are also made to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11997875", "chunk_text": "\"Art of the United Kingdom\"\nand other types of work, but was also one of the few artists to depict scenes from heavy industry. His memoirs are a useful source for the period, and he was one of several artists to be employed for a period in the greatly expanded system of government art schools, which were driven by the administrator Henry Cole (the inventor of the Christmas card) and employed Richard Redgrave, Edward Poynter, Richard Burchett, the Scottish designer Christopher Dresser and many others. Burchett was headmaster of the \"\"South Kensington Schools\"\", now the Royal College of Art, which gradually replaced the Royal Academy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_363	when did they start adding zinc to pennies?	n/a	[ "1864", "1943", "1864–1942" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1912311", "chunk_text": "Zinc\nfrom store shelves. The FDA said the loss of smell can be life-threatening because people with impaired smell cannot detect leaking gas or smoke, and cannot tell if food has spoiled before they eat it. Recent research suggests that the topical antimicrobial zinc pyrithione is a potent heat shock response inducer that may impair genomic integrity with induction of PARP-dependent energy crisis in cultured human keratinocytes and melanocytes. In 1982, the US Mint began minting pennies coated in copper but containing primarily zinc. Zinc pennies pose a risk of zinc toxicosis, which can be fatal. One reported case of chronic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8818700", "chunk_text": "\"Penny (United States coin)\"\nvalue of the copper in the coin started to rise above one cent. Some 1982 pennies used the 97.5% zinc composition, while others used the 95% copper composition. With the exception of 2009 bicentennial cents minted specifically for collectors, United States cents minted after 1982 have been zinc with copper plating. In Fiscal Year (FY) 2013, the average one-cent piece minted cost the U.S. Mint 1.83 cents, down from 2.41 cents apiece in FY 2011. The bronze and copper cents can be distinguished from the newer zinc cents by dropping the coins on a solid surface. The predominantly zinc coins", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4801293", "chunk_text": "Penny\nat Soho Mint in Birmingham in 1797. Typically, 1 lb. of copper produced 24 pennies. In 1860, the copper penny was replaced with a bronze one (95% copper, 4% tin, 1% zinc). Each pound of bronze was coined into 48 pennies. The United States' cent—popularly known as the \"\"penny\"\" since the early 19th century—began with the unpopular copper chain cent in 1793. The penny that was brought to the Cape Colony (in what is now South Africa) was a large coin — 36 mm in diameter, 3.3 mm thick and — and the twopence was correspondingly larger at 41 mm", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8818722", "chunk_text": "\"Penny (United States coin)\"\nAdmiral Richard E. Byrd's expedition to the South Pole and Joe Louis. There was also a design featuring the Lord's prayer. Bronze, 1909–1942. Initially the alloy of the Lincoln cent followed that established for this denomination with the Indian Head design in 1864, 95% copper and 2.5% tin and 2.5% zinc. Wartime zinc-plated steel, 1943. The composition of the Lincoln cent was changed in 1943. Production of the war-time cent was provided for in an Act of Congress approved on December 18, 1942, which also set as the expiration date of the authority December 31, 1946. Low-grade carbon steel formed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8818725", "chunk_text": "\"Penny (United States coin)\"\nrestored. Bronze, 1947–1962. Shell casings were no longer used after 1946 and the original copper-tin-zinc \"\"bronze\"\" composition was again used. Brass, 1962–1982. The composition of the coin was changed again slightly in 1962. Mint officials felt that deletion of the tin content would have no adverse effect on the wearing qualities of the coin, whereas the manufacturing advantages to be gained with the alloy stabilized at 95% copper and 5% zinc would be of much benefit. Congressional authority for this modification is contained in an Act of Congress approved on September 5, 1962. Experimental aluminum cents, 1974. During the early", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14725456", "chunk_text": "Coin\ninflation, as market values for the metal overtake the fiat declared face value of the coin. Examples are the pre-1965 US dime, quarter, half dollar, and dollar (nominally containing slightly less than a tenth, quarter, half, and full ounce of silver, respectively), US nickel, and pre-1982 US penny. As a result of the increase in the value of copper, the United States greatly reduced the amount of copper in each penny. Since mid-1982, United States pennies are made of 97.5% zinc, with the remaining 2.5% being a coating of copper. Extreme differences between fiat values and metal values of coins", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6757143", "chunk_text": "Zinc\ntype of brass. Brass is generally more ductile and stronger than copper, and has superior corrosion resistance. These properties make it useful in communication equipment, hardware, musical instruments, and water valves. Other widely used zinc alloys include nickel silver, typewriter metal, soft and aluminium solder, and commercial bronze. Zinc is also used in contemporary pipe organs as a substitute for the traditional lead/tin alloy in pipes. Alloys of 85–88% zinc, 4–10% copper, and 2–8% aluminium find limited use in certain types of machine bearings. Zinc is the primary metal in American one cent coins (pennies) since 1982. The zinc core", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "182715", "chunk_text": "\"Lincoln cent\"\naction is necessary to assure an adequate supply of coins to meet the national needs, he may prescribe such composition of copper and zinc in the alloy of the one-cent piece as he may deem appropriate.\"\" In 1981, faced with another rise in the price of copper, the Mint decided to change the composition of the cent to copper-covered zinc. After contract difficulties and production delays, the first such cents were struck at the West Point Mint (without mintmark) on , 1982. Denver did not convert to the new composition until . A few pieces were struck by error in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8818727", "chunk_text": "\"Penny (United States coin)\"\ndonated to the Smithsonian Institution. Another is in the hands of the family of a deceased U.S. Capitol police officer, known as the Toven Specimen, and was certified as authentic in 2005. Copper-plated zinc, 1982–present. In mid-1982, the coin's composition was changed again, this time to copper-plated zinc. The last mostly-copper cents (95% copper metal composition) were produced by the Denver Mint on October 22, 1982. The copper-plated zinc cent coins are still being produced today. They are composed of an inner core alloy of 99.2% zinc and 0.8% copper with an outer plating of pure copper, for an overall", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12375451", "chunk_text": "\"History of the British penny (1901–1970)\"\nand the demonetisation of the farthing at the end of 1960 helped clear the way for such a scheme. It was not until 1961 that there was a need for more pennies to be minted, and production continued each year in very large numbers until the final pre-decimal pennies for circulation, dated 1967, were coined. The old bronze penny was slated for elimination as decimal currency was planned in the 1960s. It continued to be struck after 1967, still bearing that date. The 97 percent copper, 0.5 percent tin, 2.5 percent zinc alloy was used again for the 1960s pennies.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8818728", "chunk_text": "\"Penny (United States coin)\"\ncomposition of 97.5% zinc and 2.5% copper, and are minted on blanks produced for the Mint by an outside manufacturer (Jarden Zinc Products). Except for the new lighter total coin weight of 2.5 grams each, these newer coins are identical in diameter and thickness, and nearly in appearance, to the mostly copper (95%) cents issued before mid-1982, which weighed 3.11 grams each. A few pennies were struck by error in brass dated 1983 and are extremely rare. When the Lincoln Cent was introduced in 1909, it was discovered that the coining dies and their curved fields were unable to be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "526071", "chunk_text": "\"History of the British penny (1901–1970)\"\nMalaya, so pennies from then until later in 1945 are 97 percent copper, 0.5 percent tin, and 2.5 percent zinc. Such coins tarnish to a colour different than the prewar coins, and they were treated with sodium thiosulphate to give them a darker tone. That substance, dubbed \"\"hypo\"\", had been used to darken all 1934 pennies before issue and most of the 1935 mintage, \"\"Hypo\"\" would be used again in 1946, discolouring the coins to discourage the hoarding of new pennies. Although the prewar alloy was restored in 1945, the Mint reversed itself in 1959, made pennies out of that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16140711", "chunk_text": "\"Coinage metals\"\npossibility of smelters taking coins and melting them down for the scrap value of the metal. Pre-1992 British pennies were made of 97% copper; but as of 2008, based on the price of copper, the value of a penny from this period is 1.5 new-pence. Modern British pennies are now made of copper-plated steel. For similar reasons, American pennies (cents) were once made of copper alloys, but since 1982 have been made of copper-plated zinc. This problem has led to nearly the end of use for a common base metal alloy for everyday coinage in the 20th century, called cupronickel,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5047325", "chunk_text": "\"Commodity money\"\ncoins. In the US, the metal in pennies (97.5% zinc since 1982, 95% copper in 1982 and before) and nickels (75% copper, 25% nickel) has a value close to, and sometimes exceeding, the fiat face value of the coin. Commodities often come into being in situations where other forms of money are not available or not trusted. Various commodities were used in pre-Revolutionary America including wampum, maize, iron nails, beaver pelts, and tobacco. According to economist Murray Rothbard: In the sparsely settled American colonies, money, as it always does, arose in the market as a useful and scarce commodity and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12828035", "chunk_text": "\"Penny (United States coin)\"\nlining because of the high solubility of the zinc ion in the acidic stomach. Coins are the most commonly ingested foreign body in children but generally are allowed to pass spontaneously unless the patient is symptomatic. Zinc toxicity, mostly in the form of the ingestion of U.S. pennies minted after 1982, is commonly fatal in dogs where it causes a severe hemolytic anemia. It is also highly toxic in pet parrots and can often be fatal. It has been suggested that the cent should be eliminated as a unit of currency for several reasons including that many Americans do not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8818723", "chunk_text": "\"Penny (United States coin)\"\nthe base of these coins, to which a zinc coating thick was deposited on each side electrolytically as a rust preventive. This coating was applied to the steel before the blanks were made, leaving the rims of these coins extremely susceptible to rust. The same size was maintained, but the weight was reduced from the standard to , by using a lighter alloy. Production commenced on February 27, 1943, and by December 31 of that year, the three Mint facilities had produced 1,093,838,670 of the one-cent coins. The copper released for the war effort was enough to meet the combined", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13678982", "chunk_text": "\"History of the British penny (1901–1970)\"\nuntil 1873) and in 1877 for the colonies. King George's pennies were produced in the same alloy as before until 1922, but the following year the composition of bronze coins was set at 95.5 percent copper, 3 percent tin, and 1.5 percent zinc, although the weight remained at and the diameter 1.2 inches (31 millimetres). This alloy was slightly more malleable; the lessened force needed to strike pennies helped minimise ghosting. No pennies were struck for the years 1923, 1924 or 1925; this was due to lack of demand as the interwar years saw alternating gluts and shortages of pennies.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1843922", "chunk_text": "\"Penny battery\"\nzinc electrode and 1942-1996 pennies as the copper. Alternatively, American pennies from 1982–present may be used as the zinc electrodes and 1944-1982 pennies as the copper electrodes. A variety of other coins may also be used, with varying results. A penny battery can be useful in producing a small amount of volts. To make a penny battery it is crucial that there are two different kinds of metals with a substance in between them. To begin, scratch off the copper coating on one side of a penny exposing the metal zinc (silver color). This process will be difficult and will", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20346424", "chunk_text": "\"Numismatic history of the United States\"\nsilver circulated coins are dated 1964, though they were actually minted for several years later dated as 1964. In 1982, the penny had most of its copper content removed, and is now made primarily of zinc, with a thin copper plating. The paper money of the United States was re-designed to deter counterfeit through the late 1990s and early to mid-2000s. American coinage and paper money has gone through significant changes since the late 1990s. Up to the mid-1990s, American money had changed little since the end of silver coins in the mid-1960s, and some of the denominations, including the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8818697", "chunk_text": "\"Penny (United States coin)\"\ncoin in the United States for the year of 2013 was $55,000,000. This was a slight decrease from 2012, the year before, which had a production loss of $58,000,000. In honor of Lincoln's 200th anniversary, special 2009 cents were minted for collectors in the same composition as the 1909 coins. The isotope composition of early coins spanning the period 1828 to 1843 reflects the copper from Cornish ores from England, while coins after 1850 reflect the Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan ores, a finding consistent with historical records. In 1943, at the peak of World War II, zinc-coated steel cents were made", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8818736", "chunk_text": "\"Penny (United States coin)\"\nproof condition. The reverse of some Lincoln cents minted in 1998, 1999, and 2000 in Philadelphia feature a larger-than-normal gap between the first two letters of AMERICA. These coins, known as the Wide AM variety are valued at $10, $500, and $5, respectively, in gem uncirculated condition. These reverse die errors are technically \"\"mule\"\" errors, as the reverse error dies were the same as normal proof coins of the same date. Zinc, a major component of U.S. cents minted after mid-1982, is toxic in large quantities. Swallowing such a coin, which is 97.5% zinc, can cause damage to the stomach", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6757144", "chunk_text": "Zinc\nis coated with a thin layer of copper to give the appearance of a copper coin. In 1994, of zinc were used to produce 13.6 billion pennies in the United States. Alloys of zinc with small amounts of copper, aluminium, and magnesium are useful in die casting as well as spin casting, especially in the automotive, electrical, and hardware industries. These alloys are marketed under the name Zamak. An example of this is zinc aluminium. The low melting point together with the low viscosity of the alloy makes possible the production of small and intricate shapes. The low working temperature", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6309278", "chunk_text": "Zinc\nthe oldest evidence of pure zinc comes from Zawar, in Rajasthan, as early as the 9th century AD when a distillation process was employed to make pure zinc. Alchemists burned zinc in air to form what they called \"\"philosopher's wool\"\" or \"\"white snow\"\". The element was probably named by the alchemist Paracelsus after the German word \"\"Zinke\"\" (prong, tooth). German chemist Andreas Sigismund Marggraf is credited with discovering pure metallic zinc in 1746. Work by Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta uncovered the electrochemical properties of zinc by 1800. Corrosion-resistant zinc plating of iron (hot-dip galvanizing) is the major application for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1088586", "chunk_text": "\"Penny (United States coin)\"\nan attractive target for melting by people wanting to sell the metals for profit. In comparison, post-1982 copper-plated zinc cents have a metallurgical value of only 0.55152 cents. The Secretary of the Treasury has authority to alter the percentage of copper and zinc in the one-cent coin if needed due to cost fluctuations. Penny (United States coin) The United States one-cent coin, often called the penny, is a unit of currency equaling one one-hundredth of a United States dollar. The cent's symbol is ¢. Its obverse has featured the profile of President Abraham Lincoln since 1909, the centennial of his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19585743", "chunk_text": "\"Three-cent nickel\"\nin commerce. These small slips of paper became ragged and dirty, and the public came to hate \"\"shinplasters\"\". After the issuance in 1864 of a lighter bronze cent and a two-cent piece of that metal, both of which circulated freely, there were proposals for a three-cent piece in copper-nickel to replace the three-cent note. The advocates were led by Pennsylvania industrialist Joseph Wharton, who then controlled the domestic supply of nickel ore. On the last legislative day of the congressional session, March 3, 1865, a bill for a three-cent piece in copper-nickel alloy was introduced in Congress, passed both houses", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1088585", "chunk_text": "\"Penny (United States coin)\"\nis more than the face value of the coin. After reaching a peak cost of 2.41 cents in 2011 due to the significant rise in global metal demand and prices, recently the cost has declined to 1.83 cents for 2013. In the 2014 fiscal year, the cost to produce a penny declined even further to 1.70 cents. When copper reached a record high in February 2011, the melt value of a 95% copper penny was more than three times its face value. As of January 21, 2014, a pre-1982 penny contained 2.20325 cents' worth of copper and zinc, making it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8818733", "chunk_text": "\"Penny (United States coin)\"\nfew 1943 cents that were produced in bronze, as opposed to the steel/zinc composition used that year. There are 10 to 12 known to exist. Likewise, a few 1944 cents were produced in steel/zinc. In 1955, a hubbing error caused some cents to get struck with an obverse die which showed doubling in all of the obverse devices, producing a prominent doubling of the date, and to a less noticeable degree, the rest of the obverse. This is known as the 1955 doubled die cent. A similar die error occurred in 1969 on dies used at the San Francisco Mint.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17543759", "chunk_text": "\"Zinc smelting\"\nand decrease labour and maintenance costs. L. J. Derham proposed using a spray of molten lead droplets to rapidly chill and absorb the zinc vapour, despite the high concentration of carbon dioxide. The mixture is then cooled, where the zinc separates from the lead. The first plant using this design opened up in 1950. One of the advantages of this process is that it can co-produce lead bullion and copper dross. In 1990, it accounted for 12% of the world's zinc production. The process starts by charging solid sinter and heated coke into the top of the blast furnace. Preheated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4801296", "chunk_text": "Penny\ncurrencies, causes the metal value of penny coins to exceed their face value. Australia and New Zealand adopted 5¢ and 10¢, respectively, as their lowest denomination, followed by Canada, which adopted 5¢ as its lowest denomination in 2012. Several nations have stopped minting equivalent value coins, and efforts have been made to end the routine use of pennies in several countries, including the United States. In the UK, since 1992, one- and two-penny coins have been made from copper-plated steel (making them magnetic) instead of bronze. Penny A penny is a coin ( pennies) or a unit of currency (", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8818698", "chunk_text": "\"Penny (United States coin)\"\nfor a short time because of war demands for copper. A few copper cents from 1943 were produced from the 1942 planchets remaining in the bins. Similarly, some 1944 steel cents have been confirmed. From 1944 to 1946, salvaged ammunition shells made their way into the minting process, and it was not uncommon to see coins featuring streaks of brass or having a considerably darker finish than other issues. During the early 1970s, the price of copper rose to the point where the cent contained almost one cent's worth of copper. This led the Mint to test alternative metals, including", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4801286", "chunk_text": "Penny\nNapoleonic Wars prompted the use of base metals in 1797. Despite the decimalization of currencies in the United States and, later, throughout the British Commonwealth, the name remains in informal use. No penny is currently formally subdivided, although farthings (¼ d.), halfpennies, and half cents have previously been minted and the mill (1/10¢) remains in use as a unit of account in some contexts. \"\"Penny\"\" is first attested in a 1394 Scots text, a variant of Old English ', a development of numerous variations including ', ', and '. The etymology of the term \"\"penny\"\" is uncertain, although cognates are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11352635", "chunk_text": "\"Nickel (United States coin)\"\nthe first attention to them.\"\" In 1793, the newly established Philadelphia Mint began striking cents and half cents. Coinage of precious metal was delayed; Congress required the assayer and chief coiner to each post a security bond of $10,000, a huge sum in 1793. In 1794, Congress lowered the chief coiner's bond to $5,000, and the assayer's to $1,000; President Washington's appointees to those positions were thus able to qualify and take office. Subsequently, silver coinage began that year. The half dime was originally struck from 1794 until 1805, though none were dated 1798, 1799, or 1804. By 1804, silver", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8724492", "chunk_text": "\"Lincoln cent\"\nsupply. Experiments were carried out by several corporations under contract from the Mint; they tested various metallic and non-metallic substances, including fiber, tempered glass, and several types of plastic. These experiments used various designs, since actual Lincoln cent dies could not leave government custody. As the experiments proceeded, production of bronze cents was cut back drastically in , and ceased in December. On , 1942, Congress gave the mint authorization to change the composition of the cent for a three-year period, and five days later, Treasury Secretary Henry Morgenthau announced that the coin would be made out of zinc-coated steel.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16155068", "chunk_text": "\"Coinage Act of 1873\"\nfrom Philadelphia, and was influenced by industrialist Joseph Wharton, who owned a nickel refinery in nearby Camden, New Jersey, from which the Mint purchased, without competitive bidding, much of the metal for the three-cent and five-cent base metal coins. The bill at that time proposed that the cent, then made of bronze, be made of nickel alloy as well—when it was debated on January 9, 1872, Wharton's interest was an immediate target. Kelley was quizzed by New York Representative Clarkson Potter, who called the bill \"\"this Pennsylvania contrivance\"\" which would give \"\"a monopoly to the gentleman in Pennsylvania [Wharton].\"\" Another", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15331075", "chunk_text": "\"Joseph Wharton\"\nchildren, Joanna, Mary, and Anna, to ride along on horseback expeditions. Wharton often studied at night or played history games with the children. Hoping to profit from the use of nickel in coins, Wharton in 1863 sold his interest in zinc and started the manufacture of nickel at Camden, New Jersey, taking over a nickel mine and refining works at Nickel Mines, Pennsylvania. The Camden plant was located on the east side of 10th Street, adjacent to Cooper Creek, and had several large brick buildings and smokestacks. Wharton renamed the Camden plant the American Nickel Works, and his office there", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1088549", "chunk_text": "\"Penny (United States coin)\"\nby U.S. Mint sculptor-engraver Joseph Menna. In January 2010, the coins were released early in Puerto Rico; this was caused by a shortage of 2009-dated pennies on the island. The new design was released at a ceremony at the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library in Springfield, Illinois on February 11, 2010. In 2017, cents minted in Philadelphia were struck with a \"\"P\"\" mintmark to celebrate the 225th anniversary of the U.S. Mint. 2017 is the only year that Philadelphia cents have had a mintmark. To commemorate the Fire at the SS Morro Castle, local coin dealer Louis Werner made copper caps", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9137439", "chunk_text": "Brass\nZinc metal was also becoming more commonplace. By 1513 metallic zinc ingots from India and China were arriving in London and pellets of zinc condensed in furnace flues at the Rammelsberg in Germany were exploited for cementation brass making from around 1550. Eventually it was discovered that metallic zinc could be alloyed with copper to make brass, a process known as speltering, and by 1657 the German chemist Johann Glauber had recognised that calamine was \"\"nothing else but unmeltable zinc\"\" and that zinc was a \"\"half ripe metal.\"\" However some earlier high zinc, low iron brasses such as the 1530", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18938448", "chunk_text": "\"Zinc smelting\"\nzinc chloride solution. The Anaconda Copper Company, at Anaconda, Montana, and the Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company, at Trail, British Columbia, both built successful electrolytic plants in 1915 using the currently used zinc sulfate process. This method has continued to grow in importance and in 1975 accounted for 68% of world zinc production. The continuous vertical retort process was introduced in 1929 by the New Jersey Zinc Company. This process used a retort with silicon carbide walls, around 9 meters high and with a cross section of 2 by 0.3 meters. The walls of the retort were heated to 1300", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6309277", "chunk_text": "Zinc\nthe ore, roasting, and final extraction using electricity (electrowinning). Brass, an alloy of copper and zinc in various proportions, was used as early as the third millennium BC in the Aegean, Iraq, the United Arab Emirates, Kalmykia, Turkmenistan and Georgia, and the second millennium BC in West India, Uzbekistan, Iran, Syria, Iraq, and Israel (Judea). Zinc metal was not produced on a large scale until the 12th century in India, though it was known to the ancient Romans and Greeks. The mines of Rajasthan have given definite evidence of zinc production going back to the 6th century BC. To date,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6309297", "chunk_text": "Zinc\nregularly imported to Europe from the Orient in the 17th and early 18th centuries, but was at times very expensive. Metallic zinc was isolated in India by 1300 AD, much earlier than in the West. Before it was isolated in Europe, it was imported from India in about 1600 CE. Postlewayt's \"\"Universal Dictionary\"\", a contemporary source giving technological information in Europe, did not mention zinc before 1751 but the element was studied before then. Flemish metallurgist and alchemist P. M. de Respour reported that he had extracted metallic zinc from zinc oxide in 1668. By the start of the 18th", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9398707", "chunk_text": "\"Two-cent piece (United States)\"\nhome supply; from the works of Mr. Wharton\"\". Opposed to the removal of nickel from the cent, Wharton published a pamphlet in April 1864 proposing coinage of one-, two-, three-, five-, and ten-cent pieces of an alloy of one part nickel to three of copper, doubling the percentage of nickel used in the cent. Despite Wharton's efforts, on April 20, a select committee of the House of Representatives endorsed the bill. It was opposed by Pennsylvania's Thaddeus Stevens, who represented the mining area from which Wharton extracted his nickel. Wharton had spent $200,000 to develop his mine and ore refinement", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8818699", "chunk_text": "\"Penny (United States coin)\"\naluminum and bronze-clad steel. Aluminum was chosen, and over 1.5 million of these pennies were struck and ready for public release before ultimately being rejected. The proposed aluminum pennies were rejected for two reasons: vending machine owners complained the coins would cause mechanical problems; and pediatricians and pediatric radiologists pointed out that the radiodensity of the metal inside the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts was close to that of soft tissue, and the coins would therefore be difficult to detect in X-ray imaging. One aluminum cent was donated to the Smithsonian Institution. The cent's composition was changed in 1982 because the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6309299", "chunk_text": "Zinc\nfor discovering pure metallic zinc, even though Swedish chemist Anton von Swab had distilled zinc from calamine four years previously. In his 1746 experiment, Marggraf heated a mixture of calamine and charcoal in a closed vessel without copper to obtain a metal. This procedure became commercially practical by 1752. William Champion's brother, John, patented a process in 1758 for calcining zinc sulfide into an oxide usable in the retort process. Prior to this, only calamine could be used to produce zinc. In 1798, Johann Christian Ruberg improved on the smelting process by building the first horizontal retort smelter. Jean-Jacques Daniel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20346417", "chunk_text": "\"Numismatic history of the United States\"\nnickel coin was introduced in 1866, and gradually it made the half dime obsolete. To this day, the nickel, though the design has changed, retains the same metallic content it had from its inception: ~25% nickel, ~75% copper. The second half of the 19th century saw several odd coin denominations. The two cent piece was minted from 1864 to 1873. It was the first American coin to display the phrase In God We Trust, a result of the increased wartime religiosity during the Civil War. Three cent pieces made of silver, and later copper-nickel, were also made around this era.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4263074", "chunk_text": "\"Elongated coin\"\nthe cent rolled). All American cents produced after 1982 have a zinc core, and using them produces elongated coins with zinc streaks. This zinc streaking can be avoided by using coins produced before 1982. (The United States Mint produced both compositions during 1982.) Less common are machines that press designs into quarters, dimes, and nickels. The process of creating elongated coins is legal in the United States, almost all parts of Japan, South Africa and parts of Europe. In the United States, U.S. Code Title 18, Chapter 17, Section 331 prohibits \"\"the mutilation, diminution and falsification of United States coinage.\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8818694", "chunk_text": "\"Penny (United States coin)\"\nPenny (United States coin) The United States one-cent coin, often called the penny, is a unit of currency equaling one one-hundredth of a United States dollar. The cent's symbol is ¢. Its obverse has featured the profile of President Abraham Lincoln since 1909, the centennial of his birth. From 1959 (the sesquicentennial of Lincoln's birth) to 2008, the reverse featured the Lincoln Memorial. Four different reverse designs in 2009 honored Lincoln's 200th birthday and a new, \"\"permanent\"\" reverse – the Union Shield – was introduced in 2010. The coin is 0.75 inches (19.05 mm) in diameter and 0.0598 inches (1.52", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18297569", "chunk_text": "\"London Metal Exchange\"\nof the exchange for a price of £1.4 billion. The London Metal Market and Exchange Company was founded in 1877, but the market traces its origins back to 1571 and the opening of the Royal Exchange, London. Before the exchange was created, business was conducted by traders in London coffee houses using a makeshift ring drawn in chalk on the floor. At first only copper was traded. Lead and zinc were soon added but only gained official trading status in 1920. The exchange was closed during World War II and did not re-open until 1954. The range of metals traded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10739385", "chunk_text": "\"Nickel Mines, Pennsylvania\"\nhad previously been misidentified as iron sulfide). Gap Mining then worked the mines for nickel until 1860, when they were closed as unprofitable. It sold the mine to Joseph Wharton in late 1862. Between 1862 and 1893, 4.5 million pounds of nickel were extracted from the site, up to 25 percent of world production in some years. Wharton refined the nickel in Camden, New Jersey and was the first industrial producer of malleable nickel. He was influential in persuading the United States Mint to issue the first five-cent nickel coins in 1866, using nickel produced from his mines. An Episcopal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4126120", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Head cent\"\npiece in 1866, both of his proposed alloy, out of which the \"\"nickel\"\", as the latter coin has come to be known, is still struck. Despite this, Wharton and his nickel interests made repeated attempts to return nickel to the cent, each time failing, both as part of the deliberations over what became the Coinage Act of 1873, and in the early 1880s. The copper-nickel cents from early in 1864 were generally bought up by speculators and did not circulate in large numbers. The Mint began producing bronze cents on May 13, three weeks after the passage of the Coinage", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12894330", "chunk_text": "\"1943 steel cent\"\nmilitary equipment during World War II, the United States Mint researched various ways to limit dependence and meet conservation goals on copper usage. After trying out several substitutes (ranging from other metals to plastics) to replace the then-standard bronze alloy, the one-cent coin was minted in zinc-coated steel. This alloy caused the new coins to be magnetic and 13% lighter. They were struck at all three mints: Philadelphia, Denver, and San Francisco. As with the bronze cents, coins from the latter two sites have respectively \"\"D\"\" and \"\"S\"\" mintmarks below the date. However, problems began to arise from the mintage.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_364	who was hope brady's mother on days of our lives?	n/a	[ "Ciara Brady", "Addie Horton" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5543297", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Williams Brady\"\nHope Williams Brady Hope Williams Brady is a character on the NBC soap opera \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\". Created by writer William J. Bell, she has been portrayed by Kristian Alfonso since she was recast on April 14, 1983. Hope is a member of the Horton family, the long-running core fictional family on \"\"Days\"\". She is the mother of Shawn-Douglas Brady, Zack Brady, and Ciara Brady. Hope is one half of the supercouple Bo & Hope. She works as a cop for the Salem P.D. Hope was promoted to Commissioner of Salem P.D. in 2017. Alfonso was nominated for a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1810927", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Williams Brady\"\nto hold off on the annulment. They are still trying to work through Rafe's lies and betrayal. Hope Williams Brady Hope Williams Brady is a character on the NBC soap opera \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\". Created by writer William J. Bell, she has been portrayed by Kristian Alfonso since she was recast on April 14, 1983. Hope is a member of the Horton family, the long-running core fictional family on \"\"Days\"\". She is the mother of Shawn-Douglas Brady, Zack Brady, and Ciara Brady. Hope is one half of the supercouple Bo & Hope. She works as a cop for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5543300", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Williams Brady\"\nCiara Brady, was born on-screen on January 10, 1974 to Doug Williams and Addie Horton. Not long after Addie marries Doug and becomes pregnant, she discovers she is suffering from leukemia, but declines treatment in order to save her unborn baby. Later that year while crossing the street, an oncoming car careens towards Hope and Addie, but Addie pushes Hope's baby-carriage out of the way, just in time to save her baby daughter, but not herself. Addie dies, and Hope is taken in by her maternal grandparents, Tom and Alice Horton, until Doug is strong enough to take care of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5634130", "chunk_text": "\"Bo Brady\"\nBo Brady Bo Brady is a fictional character on the NBC soap opera, \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\", the youngest of the series' Brady family. Created under head-writer Margaret DePriest, the role was originated by Peter Reckell on May 3, 1983. Reckell left the show alongside Kristian Alfonso who played Bo's wife Hope Williams Brady on April 20, 1987. Reckell returned from April 19, 1990, to January 17, 1992, when Robert Kelker-Kelly stepped into the role from March 13, 1992, to July 24, 1995. Reckell returned to portray Bo on August 1, 1995. In June 2012, after much speculation, it was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11646983", "chunk_text": "\"Shawn-Douglas Brady\"\nShawn-Douglas Brady Shawn-Douglas Brady is a fictional character on the television soap opera, \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\". He is the son of supercouple Bo Brady and Hope Williams and one half of the supercouple Shawn Brady and Belle Black. Jason Cook is most identifiable in the role, portraying the character from October 15, 1999, to September 22, 2006. Brandon Beemer was in the role from September 28, 2006, to March 21, 2008. In May 2015, \"\"Soap Opera Digest\"\" reported the character will be returning for the show's 50th anniversary, once again portrayed by Cook. On November 10, 2015, it was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6204487", "chunk_text": "\"Chelsea Brady\"\nChelsea Brady Chelsea Brady is a fictional character on the NBC Soap Opera \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\". Created by head writer Sally Sussman Morina, the role was originally played by Mandy Musgrave. The role was recast with Rachel Melvin in 2005. Melvin portrayed the character from 2005 to 2009, after the character moves to London to take care of her mother, Billie Reed. She is the child of Bo Brady and Billie Reed. Chelsea is born by the name of Georgia Reed Brady. \"\"Georgia\"\" is presumed dead, and buried in a bayou in Louisiana. In 2005 after Chelsea Benson's parents", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3529485", "chunk_text": "\"Anna DiMera\"\nAnna in a conversation to Austin during the Christmas season of December 2011. In January 2017, Anna is seen when Marlena bumps into her in Europe, after Anna let loose with a gun at a Prague café, following Marlena's trail in finding Stefano. Anna DiMera Anna Brady DiMera is a fictional character on the NBC daytime drama \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\". She is the ex-wife of Roman Brady, and the biological mother of Carrie Brady. Created by head writers Margaret DePriest and Sheri Anderson, Anna is portrayed by Leann Hunley. Anna is known for being a member of the powerful,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5543313", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Williams Brady\"\nBrady-DiMera feud, but the group is involved in a plane crash; Grandpa Shawn Brady is killed, and everyone else is injured. Bo is briefly diagnosed with mystery illness affecting his pancreas, he requires a partial pancreas transplant and makes a full recovery. Bo and Hope's daughter Ciara Brady is kidnapped in the summer of 2009, and Hope struggles with her memories of losing their son Zack. She moves out of their house, taking Ciara with her and Bo is devastated. Bo's old flame Carly Manning comes back to Salem and pursues Bo, driving a new wedge between Bo and Hope.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4774982", "chunk_text": "\"Kristian Alfonso\"\nKristian Alfonso Kristian-Joy Alfonso (born September 5, 1963) is an American actress, former figure skater and fashion model. She is best known for playing Hope Williams Brady, which she has played since 1983 on the NBC dramatic serial \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\". She began her career as a figure skater and gold medal champion at the Junior Olympic Figure Skating Championships. At the age of 13, a tobogganing accident ended her skating career and Alfonso began modeling. By the time she was 15 she had appeared on the cover of over 30 magazines, including \"\"Vogue\"\" and \"\"Harper's Bazaar\"\". She was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13073574", "chunk_text": "\"Billie Reed\"\nBillie Reed Billie Reed is a fictional character from the NBC soap opera, \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\". Created by writer Sheri Anderson, Billie did not know her mother was Kate Roberts until a court hearing after being accused of murdering her father, Curtis Reed. Billie's relationship with Bo Brady was famous to the character, and was a key reason she became such a popular character. The two share a daughter, Chelsea Brady. The role of Billie Reed was originated by actress Lisa Rinna. She first aired on September 18, 1992. After three years, Rinna vacated the role on September 28,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5543316", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Williams Brady\"\ntime, Bo's mother Caroline Brady begins to show symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. His sister Kayla Brady locates a clinic in California that will accept Caroline as a patient for a trial treatment. Bo leaves town with Caroline, and is reported to have returned to Salem a short while later, but is not seen on screen. Bo leaves Salem to work for the ISA and promises his family he will return, but after many months without hearing from him, Hope begin to doubt Bo is coming back. She meets lawyer Aiden Jennings in January 2014 and, after receiving no word from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5533074", "chunk_text": "\"Bo Brady and Hope Williams\"\nHope's royal wedding on location in England was one of the most spectacular weddings on daytime television. Hope's dress cost around $35,000. In their many years on the show, the couple has survived plenty of tragedy, including Hope's identity crisis when she was temporarily brainwashed by Stefano DiMera to think she was a princess, and Bo's struggle to find his daughter, Georgia. They are the parents of Shawn-Douglas Brady, Zack Brady and Ciara Brady. Bo Brady and Billie Reed's daughter, Georgia, whom they believed to be stillborn, was found to be alive as Salem's teenage bad girl Chelsea Brady. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2651569", "chunk_text": "\"Anna DiMera\"\nAnna DiMera Anna Brady DiMera is a fictional character on the NBC daytime drama \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\". She is the ex-wife of Roman Brady, and the biological mother of Carrie Brady. Created by head writers Margaret DePriest and Sheri Anderson, Anna is portrayed by Leann Hunley. Anna is known for being a member of the powerful, upper class, DiMera family. She was married to Count Antony DiMera until his death in 2009. Hunley initially portrayed Anna from 1982–86. After a twenty-one year absence, Hunley reprised the role of Anna beginning on June 20, 2007, and remained on contract with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11540464", "chunk_text": "\"Carrie Brady\"\n2016, it was announced that Clark would again reprise her portrayal as Carrie in 2017. Carrie, a lawyer, also returned when her mother Anna was accused of a murder for several weeks in early 2018. Throughout the show, Carrie has been involved in classic soap opera storylines. Her romantic pairing with Austin Reed (Austin Peck; Patrick Muldoon) led them to be labeled a supercouple. She is the daughter of Anna DiMera (Leann Hunley) and Roman Brady (at the time Wayne Northrop, later Josh Taylor), though as a child she was mainly raised by her step-parents, Marlena Evans (Deidre Hall) and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5634132", "chunk_text": "\"Bo Brady\"\nBo is raised as the youngest child of Caroline and her husband Shawn Brady (Frank Parker) until his paternity reveal in 1985. Bo returns to Salem in 1983 and marries Hope Williams (Kristian Alfonso) shortly after. The couple later welcomes their son, Shawn-Douglas Brady. Bo later becomes a detective at the Salem Police Department. In 2000, Bo and Hope welcome another son, Zack. During the Salem Stalker storyline, Bo loses his mother and older brother Roman (Josh Taylor). He rejoins the police force to help solve the case and is forced to arrest his former sister-in-law, Dr. Marlena Evans (Deidre", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6204503", "chunk_text": "\"Chelsea Brady\"\nLondon. She reunites with Max and they get engaged. They decide to leave Salem and move to London. Chelsea Brady Chelsea Brady is a fictional character on the NBC Soap Opera \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\". Created by head writer Sally Sussman Morina, the role was originally played by Mandy Musgrave. The role was recast with Rachel Melvin in 2005. Melvin portrayed the character from 2005 to 2009, after the character moves to London to take care of her mother, Billie Reed. She is the child of Bo Brady and Billie Reed. Chelsea is born by the name of Georgia Reed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14227426", "chunk_text": "\"Shawn-Douglas Brady\"\ndifficult time. Hope is let out of prison and Shawn returns to Belle in Hong Kong. Shawn and Belle return to Salem in December 2017 to support their daughter after the shooting of her boyfriend Theo Carver. Shawn-Douglas Brady Shawn-Douglas Brady is a fictional character on the television soap opera, \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\". He is the son of supercouple Bo Brady and Hope Williams and one half of the supercouple Shawn Brady and Belle Black. Jason Cook is most identifiable in the role, portraying the character from October 15, 1999, to September 22, 2006. Brandon Beemer was in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10115033", "chunk_text": "\"Taylor Walker (Days of Our Lives)\"\nat Titan, a move that EJ does not support. Taylor and Nicole's mother, Fay, returned to town in March seriously ill. To help take care of her mother, Taylor agrees to move in with Fay at the DiMera mansion. In an attempt to keep things less awkward between her and EJ, she suggests they find a way to keep things friendly between each other. After EJ witnesses a close moment between Taylor and Brady Black, he manipulates her to go see her mother. The manipulation updates Taylor, leading her to think EJ is unable to control himself. Unable to control", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15327304", "chunk_text": "\"Brady family\"\nBrady family The Brady family is a prominent fictional family on the NBC daytime TV soap opera \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\". The Bradys are a working class Irish-American Catholic family, and have become one of the central families on the show, second only to the Hortons. The Brady family was created by Pat Falken Smith and first introduced in 1981 when Roman Brady arrives in the soap's fictional town of Salem. His parents, Shawn and Caroline, and his siblings Kimberley, Kayla, Bo, Frankie, and Max would later arrive throughout the early 1980s. The Bradys are traditionally a family of police", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11261834", "chunk_text": "\"Megan Hathaway\"\nMegan Hathaway Megan Hathaway is a fictional character from the soap opera, \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\". She was played by Cheryl-Ann Wilson (now known as Miranda Wilson) from 1984 to 1985. Megan comes to Salem in 1984 with her adopted father Maxwell Hathaway, though she is secretly the daughter of Stefano DiMera. Megan had been the high school love of Bo Brady love that so deeply broke his heart that he was unable to allow himself to fully commit to Hope Brady. Megan thought Bo had left her, never answered her letters and broke her heart, as completely as he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5543317", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Williams Brady\"\nBo, heartbrokenly files for divorce. She and Aiden begin a relationship and the two fall madly in love. He asks her to marry him and she accepts. They marry in a ceremony coinciding with the town's bicentennial. On their wedding night, Aiden tries to strangle Hope; a deal he made with Stefano DiMera to kill Hope and clear Stefano's son Chad DiMera's name after Chad is accused of being responsible for multiple murders around town. Aiden refused to do it until Stefano and Andre threatened to kill his son Chase if he didn't kill Hope. Bo arrives at the last", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "250962", "chunk_text": "\"Bo Brady\"\nterminal brain tumor and doesn't have long to live. In the location of their first kiss, Bo tells Hope of his condition. Bo and Hope passionately repeat their wedding vows to each other as Bo becomes extremely pale and weak. Hope told Bo that his niece Sami's son Will was murdered last month, which he was devastated, and then, Bo loses consciousness and dies in Hope's arms, while snow starts to fall on them. Bo Brady Bo Brady is a fictional character on the NBC soap opera, \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\", the youngest of the series' Brady family. Created under", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4625442", "chunk_text": "\"Days of Our Lives characters (2000s)\"\na wedge between Bo and Hope – as well as the rest of the Brady family for most of 2006. In June 2016, he returns as an aged ghost (Scott Shilstone) to help his mother Hope. Bonnie Lockhart is the mother of Patrick, Mimi, and Connor Lockhart. The role was originated by Robin Riker, who played the role from July 11 to 31, 2000. Kathy Connell was the second actress who played the role from August 15, 2000 to June 7, 2002. Judi Evans, who previously played Adrienne Johnson Kiriakis took over the role and is the most notable actress", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11646985", "chunk_text": "\"Shawn-Douglas Brady\"\nyear, Shawn fell into a pipe and lost his hearing. With his mother gone, Shawn and his father became close with Shawn's doctor and eventually Bo's fiancée, Carly Manning. When Bo and Carly's engagement ended, Shawn bonded with Bo's new girlfriend, Billie Reed, who later became Bo's wife. Then, Shawn's mother, Hope, returned to Salem. Although Hope did not know who she was at first, her memory returned and Bo and Hope reunited. Shawn eventually regained his hearing. At an early age, Shawn was kidnapped by Stefano DiMera, but escaped. In high school, Shawn competed with Philip Kiriakis for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5543299", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Williams Brady\"\nactor Kimberly Weber took over the role from October 25, 1974 to April 29, 1975. Natasha Ryan was the child actor who played the young version of Hope the longest from June 4, 1975 through June 27, 1980. From May 11, 1981 until January 8, 1982, young adult actress Tammy Taylor played a teenaged Hope. Actress Kristian Alfonso assumed the role of Hope Williams on April 14, 1983, playing the role through April 20, 1987, reappearing from April 27 to August 3, 1990, and playing the role since May 6, 1994. Hope Alice Williams, the mother of Shawn-Douglas, Zack and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8992527", "chunk_text": "\"Days of Our Lives characters (2000s)\"\nSteve Johnson, is actually Tyler. Ciara Brady is the daughter of Bo Brady and Hope Brady. Vivian Jovanni assumed the role of Ciara on October 30, 2015. In December 2016, Jovanni left the show, with it airing on May 26, 2017. In July 2017, it was revealed that Ciara would recast and will returning in December 2017 alongside Brandon Beemer's Shawn-Douglas Brady and Martha Madison's Belle Black. In August 2017, actress Victoria Konefal has been cast as the new Ciara, making her debut on December 1, 2017. While grieving over the death of their young son, Zack, Hope and Bo", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11540463", "chunk_text": "\"Carrie Brady\"\nCarrie Brady Carrie Brady is a fictional character from the NBC soap opera, \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\", a long-running serial set in the fictional town of Salem. Created by head writer Margaret DePriest, the role of Carrie has been most notably portrayed by Christie Clark, who took over the role in 1986 as a teenager. Clark remained with the series off-and-on until leaving in October 2006, however, returned again as a series regular in September 2011 as part of a reboot of the series. Her return was short lived as she left the show the following July. On September 15,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4058887", "chunk_text": "\"Brady family\"\nofficers, although occupations range from doctors to lawyers to businessmen. In addition, the family is also well known for its violent and long-standing feud with the DiMera family. The family is currently represented by: Roman Brady, Kayla Brady, Eric Brady, Rex Brady, Ciara Brady, Claire Brady, Will Horton, Shawn-Douglas Brady,and Arianna Horton. Legend Brady family The Brady family is a prominent fictional family on the NBC daytime TV soap opera \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\". The Bradys are a working class Irish-American Catholic family, and have become one of the central families on the show, second only to the Hortons. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5533071", "chunk_text": "\"Bo Brady and Hope Williams\"\nBo Brady and Hope Williams Beauregard \"\"Bo\"\" Brady and Hope Williams Brady are fictional characters and the signature supercouple on the American daytime drama \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\". Bo is portrayed by Peter Reckell and Hope is portrayed by Kristian Alfonso. On internet message boards, the couple is often referred by the portmanteau \"\"Bope\"\" (for Bo and Hope). Along with \"\"General Hospital's\"\" Luke and Laura Spencer, Bo and Hope are considered to be one of daytime's most iconic couples. Bo Brady and Hope Williams changed the face of daytime when rebel Bo came riding into town on his motorcycle in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12288220", "chunk_text": "\"Sami Brady\"\nSami Brady Sami Brady (also called by her married names of Reed, Walker, Roberts, Hernandez, and DiMera) is a fictional character from the American NBC daytime soap opera, \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\", portrayed by Alison Sweeney since 1993. The character was born on-screen during the episode of October 16, 1984, along with her twin brother Eric Brady. Initially played by a series of child actresses, Sweeney took over the role of Sami when the character was rapidly-aged from a pre-teen to a teenager, in January 1993, under the pen of headwriters Sheri Anderson and James E. Reilly. Sami is known", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "294631", "chunk_text": "\"Gina Von Amberg\"\nGina Von Amberg Princess Gina Von Amberg is a fictional character on the American soap opera \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\". The role was portrayed from 1998 to 2001 by Kristian Alfonso, who also plays Hope Williams Brady on the series. Alfonso reprised the character of Gina on March 29, 2012 as part of a retconned storyline on the series, once again portraying the character until early-April 2012. Alfonso yet again reprised the character of Gina in a one-off reappearance during the show's Halloween special dream-sequence episode on October 31, 2017. Alfonso reprised the role once more during the 2018 Halloween", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2663713", "chunk_text": "\"Brady Black\"\nleveled against his stepmother, and masterminded by none other than his father's therapist, Dr. Charlotte Taylor. Brady also makes peace with his old flame, Nicole Walker, who was pregnant at the time with EJ DiMera's child. As a peace offering, going through his own recovery, he offers to be her shoulder if she needs help with not drinking while carrying the child. When Nicole suffers a miscarriage, she confides in Brady about it, deeming she would continue to fake her pregnancy, something Brady was not taking kindly to. Brady soon enters into a relationship with Arianna Hernandez, the sister of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14632695", "chunk_text": "\"Ben Weston (Days of Our Lives)\"\n(Victoria Konefal) after a motorcycle crash. Ben promises he has changed and convinces her to let him tend to her wounds. They bond as Ben cares for her and she begins to trust him. However, Ben unravels when he can't fill his medication due to the Salem police putting out an APB on him and Ciara. Paranoid Ben suffers from hallucinations of Clyde who tries to convince him that Ciara turned him in. Ciara talks him down and Ben goes to the pharmacy to get his medication only to return to Ciara's police commissioner mother, Hope (Kristian Alfonso) and Rafe", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17065263", "chunk_text": "\"Days of Our Lives characters (2010s)\"\nDays of Our Lives characters (2010s) A list of notable characters from the NBC soap opera \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\" that significantly impacted storylines and debuted between January 1, 2010, onward. Jane Smith is the warden of the Salem County Correctional Facility, the prison where Hope Brady serves time in 2010. She works with an inmate, Lee Michaels, to kill inmates during routine medical procedures in order to harvest their organs in an operation run by Stefano DiMera. Jane first appeared on September 21, 2010. Stacy Haiduk had been hired to portray the role but, wasn't able to fulfill the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11281739", "chunk_text": "\"Caroline Brady\"\nCaroline Brady Caroline Brady is a fictional character from the NBC soap opera \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\", a long-running serial drama about working class life in the fictional United States town of Salem. Matriarch of the series' Brady family, the character has been continually featured since her debut. Created by writer Margaret DePriest, the role was originated by actress Peggy McCay on February 7, 1983. Jody Carter stepped into the role briefly in 1984, followed by Barbara Beckley from 1984 to 1985. McCay returned to portray Caroline from July 17, 1985 to December 5, 2003, when the character was seemingly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5624978", "chunk_text": "\"Brady Black\"\nBrady Black Brady Black is a character on the NBC Daytime soap opera \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\". Formerly portrayed by Kyle Lowder, the role of Brady has been portrayed by Eric Martsolf since 2008. Martsolf won a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series in 2014 for his role as Brady. Brady is the son of John Black and Isabella Toscano, and the grandson of crime boss Victor Kiriakis. The character was initially played by Alex, Max, and Dash Lucero from May 1992 to September 1994, and subsequently by Eric and Brandon Billings from October 1994", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16148676", "chunk_text": "\"Gina Von Amberg\"\nrecover for him. Gina Von Amberg Princess Gina Von Amberg is a fictional character on the American soap opera \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\". The role was portrayed from 1998 to 2001 by Kristian Alfonso, who also plays Hope Williams Brady on the series. Alfonso reprised the character of Gina on March 29, 2012 as part of a retconned storyline on the series, once again portraying the character until early-April 2012. Alfonso yet again reprised the character of Gina in a one-off reappearance during the show's Halloween special dream-sequence episode on October 31, 2017. Alfonso reprised the role once more during", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6318075", "chunk_text": "\"Carly Manning\"\none of the show's most notorious plots. Along with Vivian, most of Carly's stories revolve around her ex-husband Bo Brady (Peter Reckell) and late husband Lawrence Alamain (Michael Sabatino). Following the departure of Kristian Alfonso as heroine Hope Williams Brady in 1990, \"\"DAYS\"\" sought an actress for the newly created role of Carly Manning. Crystal Chappell joined the cast after her short-term role as drug dealer Jane Kingsley on another NBC soap opera, \"\"Santa Barbara\"\" when she was approached by the show's casting director Doris Sabbagh. Chappell studied acting at the University of Maryland, Baltimore and with legendary acting coach", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5533077", "chunk_text": "\"Bo Brady and Hope Williams\"\nPatrick then told Bo that he had bribed Hope's doctor into changing the test results to show that he was the father when Bo really was! Patrick went to jail and Bo and Hope went to the hospital with their \"\"new miracle.\"\" Bo and Hope currently live together with their new born daughter Ciara Brady, who got her name through a viewer vote. The lives of their other children, Shawn and Chelsea, had some rough patches, but is now looking up. Shawn was on the run with then ex-girlfriend Belle Black and their daughter Claire. Chelsea has gone through an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5543312", "chunk_text": "\"Hope Williams Brady\"\nso his daughter doesn't go to jail. When Hope finds out, she kicks Bo out of the house and asks for a divorce by email. Meddling Chelsea responds to the email, pretending to be Bo, and agrees to the divorce. Hope is devastated and begins a relationship with Patrick. Hope learns she is pregnant, and thinks the father is Patrick, but she learns that Patrick had paid the doctor to change the DNA tests, and that Bo is actually the father. The two again reconcile. In 2008, Bo and Hope travel to Ireland to meet Colleen Brady after revealing the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13225467", "chunk_text": "\"Days of Our Lives characters (1990s)\"\nage following the deaths of their parents; however, their mother Rachel was later revealed to be alive. Peter is known for his relationship and marriage to Jennifer Horton and contracting the jungle madness illness. Franco Kelly, played by Victor Alfieri from June 1996 to October 1998, first came to Salem to model for Titan. It was soon revealed that Kate Roberts hired him to break up Bo and Hope Brady so that her daughter Billie Reed could reunite with her former lover Bo. After Franco was exposed he tried to con Sami Brady into marriage so that he could hide", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11646984", "chunk_text": "\"Shawn-Douglas Brady\"\nconfirmed that Beemer would return to the role in 2016, replacing Cook yet again. In March 2016, it was revealed that Beemer along with three other actors were let go from the show. However, in May 2016, Daytime Confidential revealed that Beemer was back taping with the show to honor the rest of the contract. Shawn is the son of supercouple, Bo and Hope Brady, who is born in 1987. Shortly after his birth, he leaves Salem with his parents, but they return in 1990. However, tragedy strikes when his mother is presumed dead a few months later. That same", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5634131", "chunk_text": "\"Bo Brady\"\nconfirmed that Reckell would once again exit the soap. Reckell filmed his final scenes for \"\"Days of our Lives\"\" on July 24, 2012, last airing on October 30. It was announced on March 18, 2015, that Reckell has inked a deal to return for the show's fiftieth anniversary, airing on August 28, 2015. In May 2016, it was announced that Reckell would return for a special episode centered around Hope, airing on June 7 and 8, 2016. Bo was born on November 5, 1963 and is the only son of Caroline Brady (Peggy McCay) and Victor Kiriakis (John Aniston). However,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8666515", "chunk_text": "\"Addie Horton\"\na walk one day with her daughter, a car spun out towards them. Addie pushed her daughter's stroller to safety and let the car hit her so her daughter would survive, while Addie was instantly killed. Addie Horton Addie Horton is a fictional character on the television soap opera \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\", portrayed by Patricia Huston from November 10, 1965, to March 9, 1966, and Patricia Barry from April 19, 1971, to June 28, 1974. Barry reprised her role as Addie for one episode on December 18, 1974. Addie Williams was the daughter of Tom and Alice Horton. She", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8992530", "chunk_text": "\"Days of Our Lives characters (2000s)\"\nbefore living with Hope, Doug and Julie after her mother and father separate for a short while. Ciara's parents have since reunited and separated again. She has two older brothers, Shawn-Douglas and Zack Brady (deceased) and one older paternal half-sister, Chelsea Brady. Allie Horton is the daughter of Sami Brady and Lucas Horton. She and her twin, Johnny DiMera, are born October 23, 2007, at her grandmother Marlena's house, where they are delivered by Marlena. Allie goes for several weeks without a name until the Thanksgiving Day wedding of Shawn and Belle, where Lucas announces her name as Alice Caroline", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17405122", "chunk_text": "\"Ava Vitali\"\nwhere he was residing. In an attempt to delay Steve and the rest of the Brady family's departure from Ireland, she sabotages their plane. Her plan, however, was sabotaged when the plane began experiencing problems in mid-air, causing the death of Brady patriarch Shawn Brady. After following Steve back to Salem, she sees him hug Hope Williams Brady outside of Steve's apartment door. She then interrogates Hope, asking if she was in love with Steve. Scared off by Hope, Ava immediately leaves the grounds. Ava then runs into Steve, promising to exact her revenge against him and his family for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8992518", "chunk_text": "\"Days of Our Lives characters (2000s)\"\nShawn and Belle Brady and the granddaughter of supercouples Bo and Hope Brady and John and Marlena Black At the time of her birth, it is not known that Shawn was her father. A little after Thanksgiving, Claire becomes sick for an unknown reason. Belle and Philip rush baby Claire to the hospital where she is hospitalized and eventually her liver fails and she is given last rites. In a horrible twist of fate, Claire's biological uncle, Zack who was only 5 at the time, dies in a hit-and-run car accident. Zack's liver is a perfect match for little Claire", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14444790", "chunk_text": "\"Sami Brady\"\nSeries (in the 42nd Daytime Emmy Awards) for her portrayal of Sami. Sami Brady Sami Brady (also called by her married names of Reed, Walker, Roberts, Hernandez, and DiMera) is a fictional character from the American NBC daytime soap opera, \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\", portrayed by Alison Sweeney since 1993. The character was born on-screen during the episode of October 16, 1984, along with her twin brother Eric Brady. Initially played by a series of child actresses, Sweeney took over the role of Sami when the character was rapidly-aged from a pre-teen to a teenager, in January 1993, under the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1767684", "chunk_text": "\"Megan Hathaway\"\nbody and dumps her body in the hot tub, then returns to the closet and following the diagram, 'electrocutes' her. Megan is then found by Hope, who becomes the prime suspect in her murder. Megan Hathaway Megan Hathaway is a fictional character from the soap opera, \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\". She was played by Cheryl-Ann Wilson (now known as Miranda Wilson) from 1984 to 1985. Megan comes to Salem in 1984 with her adopted father Maxwell Hathaway, though she is secretly the daughter of Stefano DiMera. Megan had been the high school love of Bo Brady love that so deeply", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11281742", "chunk_text": "\"Caroline Brady\"\nwas central to the character, until his onscreen death in 2008. A famous episode in 1986 included Bo discovering that his mother's ex-lover, Victor Kiriakis, was his father. Peggy McCay announced Caroline's retirement from the serial in 2003, and the character was killed off in a \"\"whodunnit?\"\" murder storyline, with McCay exiting the series in 2003 but, returning the following year when Caroline turned up alive. McCay again left the role on October 30, 2012, but announced she would return in late November. Caroline and her husband Shawn Brady, the parents of Roman, Bo, and Kayla Brady, arrive in Salem", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_365	what is the title of the person who runs the house of representatives?	n/a	[ "the Speaker of the House", "Speaker of the House" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "439862", "chunk_text": "\"Speaker of the United States House of Representatives\"\nSpeaker of the United States House of Representatives The Speaker of the House is the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives. The office was established in 1789 by Article I, of the United States Constitution. The Speaker is the political and parliamentary leader of the House of Representatives, and is simultaneously the House's presiding officer, \"\"de facto\"\" leader of the body's majority party, and the institution's administrative head. Speakers also perform various other administrative and procedural functions. Given these several roles and responsibilities, the Speaker usually does not personally preside over debates. That duty is instead delegated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2021288", "chunk_text": "\"United States House of Representatives\"\nconsider bills. Each party elects a floor leader, who is known as the Majority Leader or Minority Leader. The Minority Leader heads their party in the House, and the Majority Leader is their party's second-highest-ranking official, behind the Speaker. Party leaders decide what legislation members of their party should either support or oppose. Each party also elects a Whip, who works to ensure that the party's members vote as the party leadership desires. The current majority whip in the House of Representatives is Steve Scalise, who is a member of the Republican Party. The current minority whip is Steny Hoyer,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4178997", "chunk_text": "\"Speaker of the United States House of Representatives\"\nHouse of Representatives, the Speaker holds a variety of powers over the House and is ceremonially the highest-ranking legislative official in the US government. The Speaker may delegate his powers to a member of the House to act as Speaker \"\"pro tempore\"\" and preside over the House in the Speaker's absence; when this has occurred the delegation has always been to a member of the same party. During important debates, the Speaker \"\"pro tempore\"\" is ordinarily a senior member of the majority party who may be chosen for his skill in presiding. At other times, more junior members may be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17799989", "chunk_text": "\"Speaker of the United States House of Representatives\"\nrecent election for the post of Speaker of the United States House of Representatives took place on January 3, 2017, during the opening day of the 115th United States Congress. The incumbent speaker, Paul Ryan, was re-elected. The next election for the post of speaker is scheduled to take place on January 3, 2019, when the incoming 116th United States Congress convenes. The two official candidates for the office are: Speaker of the United States House of Representatives The Speaker of the House is the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives. The office was established in 1789", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3739825", "chunk_text": "\"2019 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election\"\ndid not run for re-election to the House. The Democratic caucus assuming control of the House in January will have a preponderance of voting influence in selecting the next Speaker. The Speaker of the United States House of Representatives is the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives, and is second in the United States presidential line of succession, after the Vice President and ahead of the President pro tempore of the United States Senate. Though the Constitution does not require that the Speaker be an elected member of the House of Representatives, every Speaker to date has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16234119", "chunk_text": "\"United States House of Representatives\"\nthe opposition\"\". Some notable examples include Tip O'Neill in the 1980s, Newt Gingrich in the 1990s, and John Boehner in the 2010s. Since the Speaker is a partisan officer with substantial power to control the business of the House, the position is often used for partisan advantage. In the instance when the Presidency and both Houses of Congress are controlled by one party, the Speaker normally takes a low profile and defers to the President. For that situation the House Minority Leader can play the role of a \"\"de facto\"\" \"\"leader of the opposition\"\", often more so than the Senate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5495362", "chunk_text": "\"Speaker (politics)\"\nby the United States Constitution. The Speaker of the United States House of Representatives presides over the lower house of Congress, the House of Representatives, while the Vice President of the United States formally presides over the upper house, the Senate. In practise, the Vice President does not have a day presence in Congress given their responsibilities in the Executive branch, and in their absence, the role is delegated to the most Senior member of the majority party, the President pro tempore of the United States Senate. In the forty-nine states that have a bicameral legislature, the highest position in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2021276", "chunk_text": "\"United States House of Representatives\"\na presidential candidate fails to get a majority of the Electoral College votes. The Senate and House are further differentiated by term lengths and the number of districts represented: the Senate has longer terms of six years, fewer members (currently one hundred, two for each state), and (in all but seven delegations) larger constituencies per member. The Senate is informally referred to as the \"\"upper\"\" house, and the House of Representatives as the \"\"lower\"\" house. , the annual salary of each Representative is $174,000. The Speaker of the House and the Majority and Minority Leaders earn more: $223,500 for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12007947", "chunk_text": "\"Majority leader\"\nbeing third in line of succession to the presidency). In the United States House of Representatives, the majority leader is elected by U.S. Congresspeople in the political party holding the largest number of seats in the House. While the responsibilities vary depending upon the political climate, the Majority Leader of the United States House of Representatives typically sets the floor agenda and oversees the committee chairmen. Given the two-party nature of the U.S. system, the majority leader is almost inevitably either a Republican or a Democrat. The majority leader is often assisted in their role by whips, whose job is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10490661", "chunk_text": "\"Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives\"\nParty leaders of the United States House of Representatives Party leaders and whips of the United States House of Representatives, also known as floor leaders, are elected by their respective parties in a closed-door caucus by secret ballot. With the Republicans holding a majority of seats and the Democrats holding a minority, the current leaders are: Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy, Majority Whip Steve Scalise, Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, and Minority Whip Steny Hoyer. Unlike in Westminster style legislatures or as with the Senate Majority Leader, the House Majority Leader's duties and prominence vary depending upon the style and power of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17799986", "chunk_text": "\"Speaker of the United States House of Representatives\"\nCongress assembled to count electoral votes and to certify the results of a presidential election. The Speaker is also responsible for overseeing the officers of the House: the Clerk, the Sergeant-at-Arms, the Chief Administrative Officer, and the Chaplain. The Speaker can dismiss any of these officers. The Speaker appoints the House Historian and the General Counsel and, jointly with the Majority and Minority Leaders, appoints the House Inspector General. The Speaker is second in the presidential line of succession, immediately after the Vice President, under the Presidential Succession Act of 1947. The Speaker is followed in the line of succession", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16234076", "chunk_text": "\"United States House of Representatives\"\nUnited States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, the Senate being the upper chamber. Together they comprise the legislature of the United States. The composition of the House is established by Article One of the United States Constitution. The House is composed of Representatives who sit in congressional districts that are allocated to each of the 50 states on a basis of population as measured by the U.S. Census, with each district entitled to one representative. Since its inception in 1789, all Representatives have been directly elected. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17799977", "chunk_text": "\"Speaker of the United States House of Representatives\"\nSpeaker. As the office has developed historically, however, it has taken on a clearly partisan cast, very different from the speakership of most Westminster-style legislatures, such as the Speaker of the British House of Commons, which is meant to be scrupulously non-partisan. The Speaker in the United States, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives, outranking the Majority Leader. However, despite having the right to vote, the Speaker usually does not participate in debate. The Speaker is responsible for ensuring that the House passes legislation supported by the majority party. In pursuing this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4178954", "chunk_text": "\"Speaker of the United States House of Representatives\"\nto members of the House from the majority party. Neither does the Speaker regularly participate in floor debates. The Constitution does not require the Speaker to be an elected member of the House of Representatives, although every Speaker thus far has been. The Speaker is second in the United States presidential line of succession, after the Vice President and ahead of the President \"\"pro tempore\"\" of the Senate. The current House Speaker is Congressman Paul Ryan from Wisconsin. He was elected to the office on October 29, 2015, and is the 54th person to serve as Speaker. On April 11,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2021286", "chunk_text": "\"United States House of Representatives\"\ncould be elected as Speaker with the support of a fraction of members of the majority party). Under the Presidential Succession Act (1947), the Speaker is second in the line of presidential succession behind the Vice President. The Speaker is the presiding officer of the House but does not preside over every debate. Instead, s/he delegates the responsibility of presiding to other members in most cases. The presiding officer sits in a chair in the front of the House chamber. The powers of the presiding officer are extensive; one important power is that of controlling the order in which members", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4178955", "chunk_text": "\"Speaker of the United States House of Representatives\"\n2018, Ryan announced he would not seek re-election in the 2018 mid-terms, and will also relinquish the office of Speaker when his term ends in 2019. The House of Representatives elects the Speaker of the House on the first day of every new Congress and in the event of the death, resignation or removal from the Chair of an incumbent Speaker. The Clerk of the House of Representatives requests nominations: there are normally two, one from each major party (each party having previously met to decide on its nominee). The Clerk then calls the roll of the Representatives, each Representative", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4250787", "chunk_text": "\"United States House of Representatives\"\nMinority Leader, due to the more partisan nature of the House and the greater role of leadership. The House is also served by several officials who are not members. The House's chief such officer is the Clerk, who maintains public records, prepares documents, and oversees junior officials, including pages, until the discontinuation of the House pages in 2011. The Clerk also presides over the House at the beginning of each new Congress pending the election of a Speaker. Another officer is the Chief Administrative Officer, responsible for the day-to-day administrative support to the House of Representatives. This includes everything from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5716449", "chunk_text": "\"Parliamentarian of the United States House of Representatives\"\nParliamentarian of the United States House of Representatives The Parliamentarian of the United States House of Representatives manages, supervises, and administers its Office of the Parliamentarian, which is responsible for advising presiding officers, Members, and staff on procedural questions under the U.S. Constitution, rule, and precedent, as well as for preparing, compiling, and publishing the precedents of the House. The Parliamentarian is appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives without regard to political affiliation and solely on the basis of fitness to perform the duties of the position. Consultation with the Office is confidential (if requested). The Parliamentarian,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7226864", "chunk_text": "Delegate\nor representatives to vote on behalf of the club, to the national convention. Delegate is the title of a person elected to the United States House of Representatives to serve the interests of an organized United States territory, at present only overseas or the District of Columbia, but historically in most cases in a portion of North America as precursor to one or more of the present states of the union. Delegates have powers similar to that of Representatives, including the right to vote in committee, but have no right to take part in the floor votes in which the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5716454", "chunk_text": "\"Parliamentarian of the United States House of Representatives\"\ndistribution of the precedents of the House are authorized by law (, et seq.). The current Parliamentarian is Thomas J. Wickham Jr. He succeeds John V. Sullivan (2004–12), Charles W. Johnson III (1994–2004), William Holmes Brown (1974–94), and Lewis Deschler (1928–74). Parliamentarian of the United States House of Representatives The Parliamentarian of the United States House of Representatives manages, supervises, and administers its Office of the Parliamentarian, which is responsible for advising presiding officers, Members, and staff on procedural questions under the U.S. Constitution, rule, and precedent, as well as for preparing, compiling, and publishing the precedents of the House.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6967962", "chunk_text": "\"House of Representatives\"\nHouse of Representatives House of Representatives is the name of legislative bodies in many countries and sub-national entitles. In many countries, the House of Representatives is the lower house of a bicameral legislature, with the corresponding upper house often called a \"\"Senate\"\". In some countries, the House of Representatives is the sole chamber of a unicameral legislature. The functioning of a house of representatives can vary greatly from country to country, and depends on whether a country has a parliamentary or a presidential system. Members of a House of Representatives are typically apportioned according to population rather than geography. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5044083", "chunk_text": "\"Floor Services Chief\"\nof state or head of government did) in the 110th and 111th Congresses, the Floor Services Chief likewise announced all of the other persons listed above. Then, unlike in a Joint Session, the Floor Services Chief alone performed the complete announcement of the foreign head of government, while the House Sergeant at Arms simply physically escorted the visiting dignitary to the Speaker's rostrum. Floor Services Chief The Floor Services Chief is the title of the staff member in the Speaker's or Majority Leader's office who runs the Majority cloakroom in the United States House of Representatives. The current Floor Services", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8192537", "chunk_text": "\"October 2015 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election\"\nHouse of Representatives is the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives, and is second in the United States presidential line of succession, after the Vice President and ahead of the President pro tempore of the United States Senate. Though the Constitution does not require that the Speaker be an elected member of the House of Representatives, every Speaker to date has been elected from House membership. The 435 members of the House of Representatives elect a Speaker by majority rule at the beginning of each session of the United States Congress, who serves until the end of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13178922", "chunk_text": "\"Clerk of the United States House of Representatives\"\nClerk of the United States House of Representatives The Clerk of the United States House of Representatives is an officer of the United States House of Representatives, whose primary duty is to act as the chief record-keeper for the House. Along with the other House officers, the Clerk is elected every two years when the House organizes for a new Congress. The majority and minority caucuses nominate candidates for the House officer positions after the election of the Speaker. The full House adopts a resolution to elect the officers, who will begin serving after they have taken the oath of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10145737", "chunk_text": "\"Party leader\"\nby Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi and Minority Whip Steny Hoyer. In the House of Representatives, the most powerful official is the House-elected Speaker, currently Paul Ryan of the Republican Party. The Democratic Party is currently chaired by Tom Perez. Party leader In a governmental system, a party leader acts as the official representative of their political party. The party leader is typically responsible for managing the party's relationship with the general public. As such, they will take a leading role in developing and communicating party policy, especially election platforms, to the electorate. They are also typically the public face of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "439913", "chunk_text": "\"Speaker of the United States House of Representatives\"\ninability of the Speaker to perform their duties. On the floor of the House, the presiding officer is always addressed as \"\"Mister Speaker\"\" or \"\"Madam Speaker\"\", even if it is a Speaker \"\"pro tempore\"\", and not the Speaker themselves. When the House resolves itself into a Committee of the Whole, the Speaker designates a member to preside over the Committee as the Chairman, who is addressed as \"\"Mister Chairman\"\" or \"\"Madam Chairwoman\"\". To speak, members must seek the presiding officer's recognition. The presiding officer also rules on all points of order but such rulings may be appealed to the whole", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20956620", "chunk_text": "\"Delaware House of Representatives\"\nConstitution, reflecting the new federal House of Representatives. This change on the part of Delaware initiated a movement that has resulted in a majority of the lower houses of U.S. state legislatures sharing the name of the federal House of Representatives. The Speaker of the House presides over the House of Representatives. The Speaker is elected by the majority party caucus followed by confirmation of the full House through the passage of a House Resolution. The Speaker is the chief leadership position of the body. The other House leaders are elected by their respective party caucuses. The Majority Leader determines", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2021262", "chunk_text": "\"United States House of Representatives\"\nthe Democrats won control and Nancy Pelosi was subsequently elected by the House as the first female Speaker. The Republicans retook the House in 2011, with the largest shift of power since the 1930s. Under Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution, seats in the House of Representatives are apportioned among the states by population, as determined by the census conducted every ten years. Each state is entitled to at least one Representative, however small its population. The only constitutional rule relating to the size of the House states: \"\"The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4250781", "chunk_text": "\"United States House of Representatives\"\nfrom the majority party; they have counterparts (for instance, the \"\"ranking members\"\" of committees) in the minority party. The Constitution provides that the House may choose its own Speaker. Although not explicitly required by the Constitution, every Speaker has been a member of the House. The Constitution does not specify the duties and powers of the Speaker, which are instead regulated by the rules and customs of the House. Speakers have a role both as a leader of the House and the leader of their party (which need not be the majority party; theoretically, a member of the minority party", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6967961", "chunk_text": "\"United States House of Representatives\"\nAaron Burr. In 1824, it elected John Quincy Adams over Andrew Jackson and William H. Crawford. (If no vice-presidential candidate receives a majority of the electoral votes, the Senate elects the Vice President from the two candidates with the highest numbers of electoral votes.) United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, the Senate being the upper chamber. Together they comprise the legislature of the United States. The composition of the House is established by Article One of the United States Constitution. The House is composed of Representatives", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13070306", "chunk_text": "\"Chief Administrative Officer of the United States House of Representatives\"\nChief Administrative Officer of the United States House of Representatives The Chief Administrative Officer of the United States House of Representatives (CAO) is the chief administrative officer of the United States House of Representatives, charged with carrying out administrative functions for the House, including human resources, information resources, payroll, finance, procurement, and other business services. Along with the other House officers, the Chief Administrative Officer is elected every two years when the House organizes for a new Congress. The majority and minority party conferences (the Democratic Caucus of the United States House of Representatives and Republican Conference of the United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4390033", "chunk_text": "\"Sergeant at Arms of the United States House of Representatives\"\nSergeant at Arms of the United States House of Representatives The Sergeant at Arms of the United States House of Representatives is an officer of the House with law enforcement, protocol, and administrative responsibilities. The Sergeant at Arms is elected at the beginning of each Congress by the membership of the House. In one of its first resolutions, the 1st Federal Congress (April 14, 1789) established the role of Sergeant at Arms of the United States House of Representatives. As the chief law enforcement officer of the House, the Sergeant at Arms is responsible for security in the House wing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2021293", "chunk_text": "\"United States House of Representatives\"\nis also a Sergeant at Arms, who as the House's chief law enforcement officer maintains order and security on House premises. Finally, routine police work is handled by the United States Capitol Police, which is supervised by the Capitol Police Board, a body to which the Sergeant at Arms belongs, and chairs in even-numbered years. Like the Senate, the House of Representatives meets in the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. At one end of the chamber of the House is a rostrum from which the Speaker, Speaker Pro Tempore, or (when in the Committee of the Whole) the Chair", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17799942", "chunk_text": "\"Speaker of the United States House of Representatives\"\nalready the House party leader, and as the minority leader are usually their party's nominee for Speaker), or majority leaders (upon departure of the current Speaker in the majority party), assuming that the party leadership hierarchy is followed. In the past, other candidates have included chairpersons of influential standing committees. Historically, the Democrats have always elevated their minority leader to the speakership upon reclaiming majority control of the House. However, Republicans have not always followed this leadership succession pattern. In 1919, Republicans bypassed James Robert Mann, R-IL, who had been Minority Leader for eight years, and elected a backbencher representative,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9326765", "chunk_text": "\"Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives\"\nLeader\"\" post first established in 1999; and previously held by Chris Van Hollen. There is currently no Republican equivalent in the U.S. House of Representatives. ≥ and names in bold indicate the House Majority Leader and House Majority Whip. Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives Party leaders and whips of the United States House of Representatives, also known as floor leaders, are elected by their respective parties in a closed-door caucus by secret ballot. With the Republicans holding a majority of seats and the Democrats holding a minority, the current leaders are: Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy, Majority", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10762421", "chunk_text": "\"Party leader\"\nMike Pence, likewise holds a leadership role as both the second-highest executive officer as well as being the President of the Senate. The legislative branch, otherwise known as the United States Congress, is made up of the upper chamber, the Senate, and the lower chamber, the House of Representatives, with party-elected leaders in each. The leader of the party with most the representation (sometimes called the party-in-power) in each case is known as the majority leader, whereas the leader of the opposing party with the most members is known as the minority leader. Party leaders in the United States Senate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6114333", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. representative bibliography (congressional memoirs)\"\nre-pass the legislation with a two-thirds majority in each chamber). Each state receives representation in the House in proportion to its population but is entitled to at least one representative. The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435. Each representative serves for a two-year term. The Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, traditionally the leader of the majority party, is the presiding officer of the chamber, elected by the members of the House. U.S. representative bibliography (congressional memoirs) This is a bibliography of U.S. congressional memoirs by former and current U.S. Representatives. The United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14231682", "chunk_text": "\"Washington House of Representatives\"\nthe majority party caucus followed by a vote of the full House. As well as presiding over the body, the Speaker is also the chief leadership position, and controls the flow of legislation. In the absence of the Speaker the Speaker Pro Tem assumes the role of Speaker. Other House leaders, such as the majority and minority leaders, are elected by their respective party caucuses relative to their party's strength in the House. The current Speaker of the House is Democrat Frank Chopp (D-Seattle) of the 43rd Legislative District. The Speaker Pro Tempore is Tina Orwall (D-Des Moines) of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17799988", "chunk_text": "\"Speaker of the United States House of Representatives\"\ngovernment takes the Speaker's place in the line of succession seriously enough that, for example, following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, Speakers used military jets to fly back and forth to their districts and for other travel until Speaker Boehner discontinued the practice in 2011. The Speaker of the House is one of the officers to whom declarations of presidential inability or ability to resume the Presidency must be addressed under the Twenty-fifth Amendment. To be elected as Speaker, a candidate must receive an absolute majority of all votes cast for individuals, excluding those who abstain. The most", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9628839", "chunk_text": "\"Curator of the House of Representatives\"\nHouse is Farar Elliott. Curator of the House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives' Curator is an employee of the United States House of Representatives, under the supervision of the Clerk of the House, who is responsible for the care of the House Collection of Fine Arts and Artifacts, on behalf of the House Fine Arts Board. The House's Office of Art and Artifacts collects, preserves, and interprets the House's fine and decorative arts, and historic objects. Through exhibits, publications, and other programs, the Office supports the House in preserving and presenting the heritage of the House. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19751021", "chunk_text": "\"Speaker of the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico\"\nspecifically Article III, which establishes that, \"\"[...]the House of Representatives [shall elect] a Speaker from among [its] members.\"\" The Constitution, however, does not establish what a \"\"Speaker\"\" is nor what its function should be. Internal rules adopted by the House through a simple resolution establish its definition, functions, responsibilities, and legal scope. Typically the Speaker is responsible for the observance and compliance of the House internal rules. He also typically: Speaker of the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico The President of the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico —commonly called the Speaker of the House ()— is the highest-ranking", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3984983", "chunk_text": "\"Curator of the House of Representatives\"\nCurator of the House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives' Curator is an employee of the United States House of Representatives, under the supervision of the Clerk of the House, who is responsible for the care of the House Collection of Fine Arts and Artifacts, on behalf of the House Fine Arts Board. The House's Office of Art and Artifacts collects, preserves, and interprets the House's fine and decorative arts, and historic objects. Through exhibits, publications, and other programs, the Office supports the House in preserving and presenting the heritage of the House. The current Curator of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15323525", "chunk_text": "\"Ohio House of Representatives\"\ntwo years). Time served by appointment to fill out another representative's uncompleted term does not count against the term limit. There are 99 members in the house, elected from single-member districts. Every even-numbered year, all the seats are up for re-election. ↑: Member was originally appointed to the seat. The Speaker of the House of Representatives is the presiding officer of the House. The current Speaker is Ryan Smith, a Republican from Gallipolis, Ohio. He became Speaker on June 6, 2018. The duties of the Speaker include preserving order and decorum at all times, recognizing visitors in the galleries, controlling", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2021290", "chunk_text": "\"United States House of Representatives\"\nCommittee. For the Republicans it is the Chair of the House Republican Policy Committee, followed by the Campaign Committee Chairman (styled as the National Republican Congressional Committee). The chairs of House committees, particularly influential standing committees such as Appropriations, Ways and Means, and Rules, are powerful but not officially part of House leadership hierarchy. Until the post of Majority Leader was created, the Chair of Ways and Means was the \"\"de facto\"\" majority leader. When the Presidency and Senate are controlled by a different party from the one controlling the House, the Speaker can become the \"\"de facto\"\" \"\"leader of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6965225", "chunk_text": "\"United States House of Representatives\"\nSpeaker uses a gavel to maintain order. The box in which legislation is placed to be considered by the House is called the hopper. In one of its first resolutions, the U.S. House of Representatives established the Office of the Sergeant at Arms. In an American tradition adopted from English custom in 1789 by the first Speaker of the House, Frederick Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania, the Mace of the United States House of Representatives is used to open all sessions of the House. It is also used during the inaugural ceremonies for all Presidents of the United States. For daily sessions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10490662", "chunk_text": "\"Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives\"\nthe Speaker of the House. Typically, the Speaker does not participate in debate and rarely votes on the floor. In some cases, Majority Leaders have been more influential than the Speaker; notably, Tom DeLay was more prominent than Speaker Dennis Hastert. In addition, Speaker Newt Gingrich delegated to Dick Armey an unprecedented level of authority over scheduling legislation on the House floor. The current Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi serves as floor leader of the opposition party, and is the counterpart to the Majority Leader. Unlike the Majority Leader, the Minority Leader is on the ballot for Speaker of the House", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5716453", "chunk_text": "\"Parliamentarian of the United States House of Representatives\"\nHouse. The position of parliamentarian was previously known as the \"\"Clerk at the Speaker's table,\"\" in which capacity the noted parliamentarian Asher Hinds served as an adviser to the powerful Speakers \"\"Czar\"\" Reed and \"\"Uncle Joe\"\" Cannon, who used precedent and procedure to facilitate their assertive management of House business (both were excoriated by opponents as \"\"czarlike\"\" or \"\"tyrannical\"\"). A Parliamentarian has been appointed by the Speaker in every Congress since 1927. In the 95th Congress the House formally established an Office of the Parliamentarian to be managed by a nonpartisan Parliamentarian appointed by the Speaker (). The compilation and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3073021", "chunk_text": "\"Speaker of the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico\"\nSpeaker of the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico The President of the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico —commonly called the Speaker of the House ()— is the highest-ranking officer and the presiding officer of the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico. The Speaker has voting powers as it is elected amongst the own members of the House as established by Article III of the Constitution of Puerto Rico. The Constitution, however, does not establish its functions and since the House is the only body authorized by the Constitution to regulate its own internal affairs, the functions of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10490687", "chunk_text": "\"Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives\"\nNancy Pelosi, and John Boehner. The style and role of any minority leader is influenced by a variety of elements, including personality and contextual factors, such as the size and cohesion of the minority party, whether their party controls the White House, the general political climate in the House, and the controversy that is sometimes associated with the legislative agenda. Despite the variability of these factors, there are a number of institutional obligations associated with this position. Many of these assignments or roles are spelled out in the House rule book. Others have devolved upon the position in other ways.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14514904", "chunk_text": "\"Clerk of the United States House of Representatives\"\nproduces official House publications, including the Official List of Members, the Capitol Directory Card, and the House Telephone Directory. This office also develops and maintains the Clerk’s official web site and the \"\"Kids in the House\"\" web site. This office transcribes House proceedings verbatim for publication in the Congressional Record and provides stenographic support to committees for all hearings, meetings, and mark-up sessions. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives The Clerk of the United States House of Representatives is an officer of the United States House of Representatives, whose primary duty is to act as the chief record-keeper", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_366	who has been designed as the new finance secretary of india?	n/a	[ "Hasmukh Adhia" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1425098", "chunk_text": "\"Minister of Finance (India)\"\nthe Minister of State for Finance and the lower-ranked Deputy Minister of Finance. The first Finance Minister of independent India was R. K. Shanmukham Chetty, who also presented its first Budget. The incumbent Arun Jaitley, of the Bharatiya Janata Party, has held office since 26 May 2014. , Morarji Desai has presented 10 budgets which is the highest followed by P Chidambaram's 9 and Pranab Mukherjee's 8. Yashwant Sinha, Yashwantrao Chavan and C.D. Deshmukh have presented 7 budgets each while Manmohan Singh and T.T. Krishnamachari have presented 6 budgets. As of February 2018, four Finance Ministers have gone on to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10459105", "chunk_text": "\"Finance Secretary\"\nFinance Secretary The Finance Secretary is the Permanent Secretary-level civil servant, who plays a leadership role in the bureaucracy of the Finance Ministry, Government of India. Ajay Narayan Jha is the present finance secretary of India. The Ministry of Finance is composed of five departments the Department of Economic Affairs, the Department of Revenue, the Department of Expenditure, the Department of Financial Services and Department of Investment and Public Asset Management (formerly known as Department of Disinvestment). Each of the departments is headed by a secretary. Each of the five secretaries directly reports to the finance minister. The \"\"Finance Secretary\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5538241", "chunk_text": "\"Hasmukh Adhia\"\nAdhia retired from IAS and simultaneously demitted the offices of Finance Secretary and Revenue Secretary on 30November 2018; he was succeeded as Revenue Secretary by Unique Identification Authority of India's chief executive officer Ajay Bhushan Pandey, and as Finance Secretary by Expenditure Secretary Ajay Narayan Jha, as the senior-most secretary in the Ministry of Finance. Ahead of his retirement, Adhia was praised by Minister of Finance Arun Jaitley, who called him \"\"highly competent, disciplined, no-nonsense civil servant [...] with impeccable integrity,\"\" and said that Adhia refused important post-retirement assignment from the government and instead intended to focus on spirituality and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3752744", "chunk_text": "\"Minister of Finance (India)\"\nbecome the Prime Minister who are: Morarji Desai, Charan Singh, V. P. Singh and Manmohan Singh. Minister of Finance (India) The Minister of Finance (or simply, Finance Minister) is the head of the Ministry of Finance of the Government of India. One of the senior-most offices in the Union Cabinet, the finance minister is responsible for the fiscal policy of the government. As part of this, a key duty of the Finance Minister is to present the annual Union Budget in Parliament, which details the government's plan for taxation and spending in the coming financial year. Through the Budget, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1305382", "chunk_text": "\"Arun Jaitley\"\nMay 14, 2018, Arun Jaitley who had been suffering from kidney complications, was operated upon for kidney transplant at the All India Institutes of Medical Sciences (AIIMS). Arun Jaitley Arun Jaitley (born 28 December 1952) is an Indian politician and advocate, who is a Minister of Finance and Corporate Affairs under Prime Minister Narendra Modi. A member of the Bharatiya Janata Party, Jaitley previously held the cabinet portfolios of Finance, Corporate Affairs, Commerce and Industry and Law and Justice in the Vajpayee government (1998–2004) and served as the Minister of Defence in the Narendra Modi government as additional charge. From", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9029242", "chunk_text": "\"Ministry of Finance (India)\"\nMinistry of Finance (India) The Ministry of Finance is an important ministry within the Government of India concerned with the economy of India, serving as the Indian Treasury Department. In particular, it concerns itself with taxation, financial legislation, financial institutions, capital markets, centre and state finances, and the Union Budget. The Ministry of Finance is the cadre controlling authority of the Indian Revenue Service, Indian Economic Service, Indian Cost Accounts Service and Indian Civil Accounts Service. Arun jaitley is the Finance Minister of India. R. K. Shanmukham Chetty was the first Finance Minister of independent India. He presented the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6537407", "chunk_text": "\"Ajay Narayan Jha\"\nthe Union Expenditure Secretary by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) in October 2017, succeeding Ashok Lavasa, he was made officer on special duty (OSD), in the rank of secretary, till Lavasa's retirement. Jha assumed the office of secretary on 31 October 2017. During his tenure as the Union Expenditure Secretary, Jha has been regarded as one of the most important people in the Ministry of Finance. Ajay Narayan Jha Ajay Narayan Jha (born 15 January 1959; IAST: ) is a 1982 batch Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer of Manipur cadre. He currently is the Finance Secretary of India.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10459110", "chunk_text": "\"Finance Secretary\"\nby \"\"One rupee\"\" So, the Government of India has the power to mint/print 1 Rupee coin/note which are an asset and define the unit of currency. RBI notes get the value from the asset known as 'Rupee'. Finance Secretary The Finance Secretary is the Permanent Secretary-level civil servant, who plays a leadership role in the bureaucracy of the Finance Ministry, Government of India. Ajay Narayan Jha is the present finance secretary of India. The Ministry of Finance is composed of five departments the Department of Economic Affairs, the Department of Revenue, the Department of Expenditure, the Department of Financial Services", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10459107", "chunk_text": "\"Finance Secretary\"\nHasmukh Adhiya. Ashok Lavasa, Montek Singh Ahluwalia, Duvvuri Subba Rao, Bimal Jalan , Manmohan Singh , K. G. Ambegaokar, S Venkitaraman,and Vijay Kelkar are some of the best known finance secretaries. Edmund James Sinkinson BCS LLD born Kendal, UK, 16 July 1849, was Financial Secretary to the Government of India. He died at Darjeeling 1 Jan 1892 (see memorial window in Kendal Parish Church). One rupee note (1) is signed by Finance Secretary of India and it does not have the word 'I promise to pay the bearer'. The Coinage act 2011 which took over Coinage act 1940 says \"\"necessary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2153744", "chunk_text": "\"Union budget of India\"\nto work out the change in prices. It was Mr.Yashwant Sinha, the then Finance Minister of India in the NDA government (led by Bharatiya Janata Party) of Atal Bihari Vajpayee, who changed the ritual by announcing the 1999 Union Budget at 11 am. Also again in 2017, departing from the colonial-era tradition of presenting the Union Budget on the last working day of February, Minister of Finance (India) Arun Jaitley, in the NDA government (led by Bharatiya Janata Party) of Narendra Modi government announced that it will now be presented on 1 February. The printing of budget documents starts roughly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2009397", "chunk_text": "\"Arun Jaitley\"\nArun Jaitley Arun Jaitley (born 28 December 1952) is an Indian politician and advocate, who is a Minister of Finance and Corporate Affairs under Prime Minister Narendra Modi. A member of the Bharatiya Janata Party, Jaitley previously held the cabinet portfolios of Finance, Corporate Affairs, Commerce and Industry and Law and Justice in the Vajpayee government (1998–2004) and served as the Minister of Defence in the Narendra Modi government as additional charge. From 2009 to 2014 he served as the Leader of the Opposition in the Rajya Sabha. He is a Senior Advocate of the Supreme Court of India. Arun", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10459106", "chunk_text": "\"Finance Secretary\"\n(FS) is a tag given to one of the five secretaries. It only denotes a first among equals. The other four secretaries do not report to the FS; their files do not flow through him. By default, the FS tends to be the senior most of the five, where seniority is defined by the year of entry into the civil service and not age. Sometimes, none of the five is labelled FS. Most finance secretaries have been members of the Indian Administrative Service or IAS, but some of them have been career economists. The last finance secretary of India was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6057086", "chunk_text": "\"Ministry of Finance (India)\"\nAffairs, Ministry of Finance, was an inter-ministerial body, responsible for processing of FDI proposals and making recommendations for Government approval. FIPB is now abolished as announced by Finance Minister Arun Jaitley during 2017-2018 budget speech in Lok Sabha. Subhash Chandra Garg is the current secretary of this Department. The Department of Expenditure is the nodal Department for overseeing the public financial management system (PFMS) in the Central Government and matters connected with the finances. The principal activities of the Department include pre-sanction appraisal of major schemes/projects (both Plan and non-Plan expenditure), handling the bulk of the Central budgetary resources transferred", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12419230", "chunk_text": "\"Ajay Narayan Jha\"\nAjay Narayan Jha Ajay Narayan Jha (born 15 January 1959; IAST: ) is a 1982 batch Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer of Manipur cadre. He currently is the Finance Secretary of India. Jha has BA (Honours) and MA in history from St. Stephen's College at University of Delhi, a postgraduate degree in executive development from John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and has a certificate in French. Jha has served in various key positions for both the Government of India and the Government of Manipur, like as Principal Secretary (Finance), Principal Secretary (Environment and Forests), chairman of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16287266", "chunk_text": "\"Sunil Kumar Kohli\"\nHe holds a Degree from National Defence College, New Delhi on Defence Strategic Studies. He ,as FADS, was mandated to advise the Ministry of Defence regarding both Capital and Revenue expenditures and Defence Budget of Govt. of India.He is a maverick Defence finance analyst. He superannuated on 31 August 2018,succeeded by Smt.Madhulika P. Sukul,IDAS(1982). Sunil Kumar Kohli Sunil Kumar Kohli (S. K. Kohli) (born August 17, 1958) , a senior Bureaucrat of Indian Civil Services,was the Financial Advisor to Defence Services (FADS). S.K Kohli was the 46th Controller General of Defence Accounts CGDA, Ministry of Defence , of the Republic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1425097", "chunk_text": "\"Minister of Finance (India)\"\nMinister of Finance (India) The Minister of Finance (or simply, Finance Minister) is the head of the Ministry of Finance of the Government of India. One of the senior-most offices in the Union Cabinet, the finance minister is responsible for the fiscal policy of the government. As part of this, a key duty of the Finance Minister is to present the annual Union Budget in Parliament, which details the government's plan for taxation and spending in the coming financial year. Through the Budget, the finance minister also outlines the allocations to different ministries and departments. Occasionally, he is assisted by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6910749", "chunk_text": "\"Ajay Bhushan Pandey\"\nexecutive officer (CEO) of the Unique Identification Authority of India by the prime minister-headed Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) in May 2016, he assumed office on 31 May 2016. In June 2017, after Pandey's promotion, the status of CEO of UIDAI was upgraded to be equivalent to a secretary to the Government of India from additional secretary to the Government of India. Pandey was given the additional charge of chairperson of the Goods and Services Tax Network by the ACC in September 2017. He assumed office on 10 September 2017. Ajay Bhushan Pandey Ajay Bhushan Pandey (born 2 February", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15276807", "chunk_text": "\"Pramod Kumar Misra\"\nPramod Kumar Misra Pramod Kumar Mishra (IAST: ; born 11 August 1948), often abbreviated to as PK Mishra, is a re-employed 1972 batch IAS officer belonging to Gujarat cadre. He currently is the Additional Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Damodardas Modi. Pramod Kumar Mishra has graduate, postgraduate and PhD degrees in economics. He also has a postgraduate degree in development economics. Apart from serving as the Additional Principal Secretary in the Prime Minister's Office, Mishra has served in various key positions for both Indian and Gujarat governments, such as the Additional Chief Secretary (Revenue), Principal Secretary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20001140", "chunk_text": "\"Piyush Goyal\"\nPiyush Goyal Piyush Vedprakash Goyal (born 13 June 1964) is an Indian politician and the current minister of Railways, Coal in the Government of India. He was elevated to Cabinet Minister position on 3 September 2017. He is currently a Member of Parliament for Rajya Sabha from the state of Maharashtra and was earlier the National Treasurer of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). He headed the BJP's Information Communication Campaign Committee and oversaw the publicity and advertising campaign of the party including the social media outreach for the Indian General Elections 2014. Mr. Goyal is the 2018 Carnot Prize Recipient", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7802791", "chunk_text": "\"Arvind Subramanian\"\nup\"\". He is married to Parul Subramanian. His elder brother is V S Krishnan who is a retired Indian Revenue Service Officer and a former Member of the Central Board of Excise and Customs (CBEC) and was a key player in piloting the Goods and Service Tax Bill. He is fond of both Indian and Western classical music, and owns a large collection of music cassettes. He is interested in tennis. Arvind Subramanian Arvind Subramanian is an Indian economist and the former Chief Economic Adviser to the Government of India, having taken charge of the position on 16 October 2014", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15688122", "chunk_text": "\"P. Chidambaram\"\nP. Chidambaram Palaniappan Chidambaram (born 16 September 1945) is an Indian politician and attorney who currently serves as Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha and formerly served as the Union Minister of Finance of India. Chidambaram is a corporate lawyer and an important member of the last Congress-led government. He was the Finance Minister starting in May 2004 through 2014, except for a three and a half year stint – beginning November 2008 – as Home Minister, in the wake of the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks. Chidambaram returned as Finance Minister in July 2012, succeeding Pranab Mukherjee, who demitted office to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18011376", "chunk_text": "\"Goods and Services Tax (India)\"\nsecurities. That continues to be governed by Securities Transaction Tax (STT). The GST was launched at midnight on 1 July 2017 by the President of India, Pranab Mukherjee, and the Government of India. The launch was marked by a historic midnight (30 June – 1 July) session of both the houses of parliament convened at the Central Hall of the Parliament. Though the session was attended by high-profile guests from the business and the entertainment industry including Ratan Tata, it was boycotted by the opposition due to the predicted problems that it was bound to lead for the middle and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4534192", "chunk_text": "\"Ashok Malik\"\nAshok Malik Ashok Malik is Press Secretary to the President of India. He is the first person from outside the civil services to be appointed to the post. He took charge on 1 August 2017, a week after President Ram Nath Kovind was sworn in as the 14th President of India.He was born in Calcutta and presently lives in New Delhi.He is 49 years old. Prior to his current appointment, Malik was a senior Indian analyst and commentator, and distinguished fellow at the Observer Research Foundation, one of the think-tanks in India. A frequent columnist, he wrote for a number", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13078362", "chunk_text": "\"Subhash Chandra Garg\"\nof his appointment as the Union Economic Affairs Secretary. Garg was appointed as the Union Economic Affairs Secretary by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) in June 2017, he assumed the office of the Secretary on 12 July 2017. Subhash Chandra Garg Subhash Chandra Garg (IAST: ) (born 16 October 1960) is a 1983 batch IAS officer of Rajasthan cadre. He's the current Economic Affairs Secretary of India. He has also served as an Executive Director in the World Bank. Garg has graduate degrees in Law (LLB) and Commerce (BCom) from Rajasthan University. Garg is a professionally qualified Cost", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5798915", "chunk_text": "\"Ashok Lavasa\"\nAshok Lavasa Ashok Lavasa (IAST: ) (born 21 October 1957) is a retired 1980 batch Indian Administrative Service officer of Haryana cadre and is one of the two Election Commissioners of India. He has also served as the Finance Secretary of India, Environment, Forests and Climate Change Secretary of India and Civil Aviation Secretary of India. Ashok Lavasa is a graduate (BA Honours) and a postgraduate (MA) in English from University of Delhi, he has an MBA degree from Southern Cross University in New South Wales, Australia. In addition, has an MPhil in defence and strategic studies. Before being appointed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6733077", "chunk_text": "\"Krishnamurthy Subramanian\"\nKrishnamurthy Subramanian Krishnamurthy Subramanian is an Indian economist and current Chief Economic Adviser to the Government of India (CEA), officially being appointed to the position on 7December 2018. The post of CEA was vacant for over fivemonths since the 16thCEA, Arvind Subramanian, left due to personal reasons in June 2018, having occupied the position for a few months more than the usual term of threeyears. Subramanian is a Master of Business Administration and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in financial economics from Booth School of Business, University of Chicago. His PhD was done under Luigi Zingales and Raghuram Rajan. He is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4547140", "chunk_text": "\"Pradeep Kumar Sinha\"\nin May 2018 by the ACC. During his tenure as the Cabinet Secretary, Sinha, has been widely regarded as one of the most powerful people in India. Pradeep Kumar Sinha Pradeep Kumar Sinha (born born 18 July 1955; IAST: ) is a 1977 batch Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer of the Uttar Pradesh cadre, who is the 31st Cabinet Secretary of India. Prior to this appointment he served as the Power Secretary of India, and was the Shipping Secretary of India before that. Sinha is an economics graduate from St. Stephen's College at the University of Delhi, and holds a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16245383", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Union budget of India\"\n2018 Union budget of India The 2018 Union budget of India (IAST: ) was the annual financial statement (AFS), demand for grants, appropriation bill and finance bill of India for the financial year 2018-19. It was presented to Parliament on 1 February 2018 by Finance Minister Arun Jaitley. The 2018 budget was considered to be a crucial one, as it would be the first since the rollout of the Goods and Service Tax (GST) regime in India. It was widely expected that the budget would either increase the exemption limit, or introduce a standard deduction for salaried people to reduce", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19129083", "chunk_text": "\"Subir Gokarn\"\nSubir Gokarn Subir Vithal Gokarn (born 3 October 1959) was one of the four Deputy Governors of the Reserve Bank of India along with Anand Sinha, K. C. Chakrabarty and H. R. Khan. He was replaced by Urjit Patel in January 2013. Appointed by the Government Of India on 19 November 2009 for a three-year term beginning 24 November 2009, he succeeded Rakesh Mohan after the latter took up an assignment for six months and joined the Stanford Center for International Development at Stanford University, US. Prominent economists like Jahangir Aziz (Chief Economist, JP Morgan) and Dr.Arvind Virmani ( Senior", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8548410", "chunk_text": "\"Comptroller and Auditor General of India\"\nprecedence. The current CAG of India is Rajiv Mehrishi, who assumed office on 25 September 2017. He is the 13th CAG of India. The Comptroller and Auditor-General of India is appointed by the President of India following a recommendation by the Prime Minister. On appointment, he/she has to make an oath or affirmation before the President of India. \"\"I,(name of the person being appointed), having appointed Comptroller and Auditor-General of India do swear in the name of God/solemnly affirm that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of India as by law established, that I will uphold", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14596306", "chunk_text": "\"Ministry of Finance (India)\"\nmatters concerning the Ministry of Finance including Parliament-related work of the Ministry. The Department has under its administrative control the National Institute of Financial Management (NIFM), Faridabad. The business allocated to the Department of Expenditure is carried out through its Establishment Division, Plan Finance I and II Divisions, Finance Commission Division, Staff Inspection Unit, Cost Accounts Branch, Controller General of Accounts, and the Central Pension Accounting. Ajay Narayan Jha is the current secretary of this department. The Department of Revenue functions under the overall direction and control of the Secretary (Revenue). It exercises control in respect of matters relating to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10625466", "chunk_text": "\"N. K. Singh\"\n27 November 2017, Modi government appointed him as the chairman of Fifteenth Finance Commission of India. Former Economic Affairs Secretary Shaktikanta Das, Niti Aayog Member Ramesh Chand, Former Chief Economic Advisor Ashok Lahiri, and Georgetown University Professor Anoop Singh are the other members of the Commission. As per Article 280 of Indian Constitution, Finance Commission is required to make recommendations on the distribution of the net proceeds of taxes between the Centre and the states. 15th Finance Commission will make recommendations after reviewing several important aspects of federal fiscal finance including deficit, cash balances, debt levels, and fiscal discipline efforts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5538240", "chunk_text": "\"Hasmukh Adhia\"\nAdhia was also a consultant to the United Nations Industrial Development Organization. Adhia was appointed as the Union Financial Services Secretary by the prime minister-headed Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) in November 2014, he assumed office on 3November, and demitted it on 31August 2015, when he was appointed the Union Revenue Secretary. Adhia was appointed as the Union Revenue Secretary by the ACC in August 2015, he assumed office on 1September 2016. In September 2017, after the retirement of Ashok Lavasa, Adhia was designated as the Finance Secretary, as he became the senior-most secretary in the Ministry of Finance.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20789209", "chunk_text": "\"Reserve Bank of India\"\nMor, Y C Deveshwar, Prof Damodar Acharya, Ajay Tyagi and Anjuly Duggal. Uma Shankar, chief general manager (CGM) in charge of the Reserve Bank of India's financial inclusion and development department has taken over as executive director (ED) in the central bank. Sudha Balakrishnan, a former vice president at National Securities Depository Limited, assumed charge as the first chief financial officer (CFO) of the Reserve Bank on 15 May 2018; she was given the rank of an executive director. The RBI has four zonal offices at Chennai, Delhi, Kolkata and Mumbai. It has 21 regional offices and 11 sub-offices throughout", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11866988", "chunk_text": "\"Montek Singh Ahluwalia\"\nMontek Singh Ahluwalia Montek Singh Ahluwalia (born 24 November 1943) is an Indian economist and civil servant who was the Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission of India, a position which carries the rank of a Cabinet Minister. He tendered his resignation for this post in May 2014 following the impending end of the UPAII regime at the center. He was previously the first Director of the Independent Evaluation Office at the International Monetary Fund. Montek Singh Ahluwalia was born in New Delhi in 1943. He studied at St. Patrick's High School, Secunderabad and Delhi Public School, Mathura Road. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3464545", "chunk_text": "\"Jayant Kumar Malaiya\"\nMadhya Pradesh. In the year 2013, he was given additional charge as Minister of Finance. Malaiya has traveled extensively across the world, including countries like North America, Canada, Switzerland, Austria, England, France, Nepal, Germany, the Netherlands and Italy. See also Jayant Kumar Malaiya Jayant Kumar Malaiya (born 15 November 1947) is an Indian politician of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Malaiya is the current finance minister in the government of Madhya Pradesh. He was born in Sagar in Madhya Pradesh. His father's name is Vijay Kumar Malaiya. Jayant Kumar Malaiya's educational background includes a BCom LLB, and he is an industrialist", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1945272", "chunk_text": "\"Arvind Subramanian\"\nArvind Subramanian Arvind Subramanian is an Indian economist and the former Chief Economic Adviser to the Government of India, having taken charge of the position on 16 October 2014 to 20 June 2018 succeeding Raghuram Rajan. The post of CEA was lying vacant for over a year since Raghuram Rajan left the finance ministry to join the RBI as governor in September 2013. He served as the Dennis Weatherstone Senior Fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics and a Senior Fellow at the Center for Global Development, both located in Washington DC. Formerly an economist at the International Monetary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10538139", "chunk_text": "Budget\nOffice of Management and Budget, and submitted to Congress for consideration. Invariably, Congress makes many and substantial changes. Nearly all American states are required to have balanced budgets, but the federal government is allowed to run deficits. The budget is prepared by the Budget Division Department of Economic Affairs of the Ministry of Finance annually. The Finance Minister is the head of the budget making committee. The present Indian Finance minister is Arun Jaitley. The Budget includes supplementary excess grants and when a proclamation by the President as to failure of Constitutional machinery is in operation in relation to a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4547139", "chunk_text": "\"Pradeep Kumar Sinha\"\nAjit Seth. He served as an officer of special (OSD), in the rank of secretary, in the Cabinet Secretariat till Seth's retirement, formally taking charge as Cabinet Secretary on June 13, 2015. The union government constituted a selection committee headed by Cabinet Secretary P.K. Sinha for the shortlisting of candidates for Reserve Bank India governorship following the end of Raghuram Rajan's term in September 2016. Urjit Patel was appointed as Governor of RBI, with effect from 04 September 2016. On April 25, 2017, Sinha got an extension of one year as Cabinet Secretary. Sinha was granted another one year extension", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4547136", "chunk_text": "\"Pradeep Kumar Sinha\"\nPradeep Kumar Sinha Pradeep Kumar Sinha (born born 18 July 1955; IAST: ) is a 1977 batch Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer of the Uttar Pradesh cadre, who is the 31st Cabinet Secretary of India. Prior to this appointment he served as the Power Secretary of India, and was the Shipping Secretary of India before that. Sinha is an economics graduate from St. Stephen's College at the University of Delhi, and holds a postgraduate degree in economics from the Delhi School of Economics at the University of Delhi. He holds an MPhil degree as well. Sinha has served in various", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13946058", "chunk_text": "\"C. D. Deshmukh\"\nC. D. Deshmukh Sir Chintaman Dwarakanath Deshmukh, CIE, ICS (14 January 1896 – 2 October 1982) was an Indian civil servant and the first Indian to be appointed as the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India in 1943 by the British Raj authorities. He subsequently served as the Finance Minister in the Union Cabinet (1950–1956). It was during this time that he also became a founding member of the Governing Body of NCAER, the National Council of Applied Economic Research in New Delhi, India's first independent economic policy institute established in 1956 at the behest of Prime Minister Jawaharlal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16767114", "chunk_text": "\"Subhash Chandra Garg\"\nSubhash Chandra Garg Subhash Chandra Garg (IAST: ) (born 16 October 1960) is a 1983 batch IAS officer of Rajasthan cadre. He's the current Economic Affairs Secretary of India. He has also served as an Executive Director in the World Bank. Garg has graduate degrees in Law (LLB) and Commerce (BCom) from Rajasthan University. Garg is a professionally qualified Cost and Works Accountant. In addition, Garg is a qualified Company Secretary. Garg has served in various key positions for both the Union Government and the Government of Rajasthan, like as Principal Secretary (Finance), Commissioner (Investment and NRIs) Secretary (Budget), Secretary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18648915", "chunk_text": "\"Joint secretary to the Government of India\"\nGovernment of India. In 2015, Government of India modified joint secretary-level empanelment process to ensure greater uniformity, consistency and transparency. Under the prime ministership of Narendra Modi, however, the situation has slightly altered, choices for civil servants being appointed to this rank and post were from non IAS cadre. Almost half the choices for the position have been given to Central Civil Services and All India Services (excluding IAS). In June 2018, Government of India — under Prime Minister Narendra Modi — announced opening up of 10 posts joint secretary in several departments to experts in several fields through lateral", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2430295", "chunk_text": "\"Arun M. Kumar\"\nthe daughter of Sarojini Menon and the late noted historian A. Sreedhara Menon. Kumar and his wife Poornima have two sons, Ashvin (married to Melisa Shah) and Vikram and a grandson Amartya Zaran. Arun M. Kumar Arun M. Kumar (born 25 November 1952) has been the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer at KPMG India since February, 2017. He succeeded Richard Rekhy. Prior to leading KPMG India, Kumar served as Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Global Markets and Director General of the US and Foreign Commercial Service (USFCS) in the administration of former U.S. President Barack Obama. Arun M. Kumar was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6908950", "chunk_text": "\"Fifteenth Finance Commission\"\nFifteenth Finance Commission The FifteenthFinance Commission of India (XV-FC) is an Indian Finance Commission constituted in November2017 and is to give recommendations for devolution of taxes and other fiscal matters for fivefiscal years, commencing 1April2020. The commission's chairman is N. K. Singh, with its full-timemembers being Shaktikanta Das, Ashok Lahiri and Anoop Singh. In addition, the commission also has a part-timemember in Ramesh Chand. The FifteenthFinance Commission was constituted by the Government of India—after getting ceremonial approval from President of India—through a notification in \"\"The Gazette of India\"\" on 27November2017. Nand Kishore Singh was appointed as the commission's chairman, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20267481", "chunk_text": "\"Kanishka Singh\"\nKanishka Singh Kanishka Singh (born 1978) is an Indian politician. He is a political aide to the Congress MP and President, Rahul Gandhi. He was born to S. K. Singh, an IFS officer, former foreign secretary and ex-governor of Rajasthan and Manju. He is a computer engineer and went to St. Stephen's College, Delhi. He did his MBA from Wharton. His elder brother Shashank Singh, is a Harvard MBA and works in Mumbai. Kanishka Singh started his career as an Investment banker on the Wall Street working with merchant banking firm Lazard Freres & Co in New York, before he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16153012", "chunk_text": "\"Vineeta Rai\"\nVineeta Rai Vineeta Rai (born September 5, 1944) is a former Indian Administrative Service officer and Revenue Secretary in the Government of India. Rai was voted one of \"\"The 25 Most Powerful Women in Business\"\" in India in 2003. Rai completed her schooling at Sardar Patel Vidyalaya in New Delhi and subsequently studied history at Miranda House, and Brandeis University on a Wien International Scholarship. An officer of the 1968 IAS batch of the Union Territories cadre, Rai is the first women to hold the post of Revenue Secretary in the Ministry of Finance. She was appointed in June 2003", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2009408", "chunk_text": "\"Arun Jaitley\"\nin 2014 BJP government has also faced disruptions and obstructions in parliament multiple number of times and opposition keeps on referring to his aforesaid statement. While his contribution to parliamentary discussion is exemplary but his support of obstruction as a legitimate floor strategy undoes his positive contribution to the Indian Parliamentary Democracy. On 26 May 2014, Jaitley was selected by newly elected Prime Minister Narendra Modi to be the Minister of Finance (which includes the Ministry of Corporate Affairs and Minister of Defence in his cabinet. Analysts cited Jaitley's \"\"part-time\"\" focus on defence as a simple continuation of the policies", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7997624", "chunk_text": "\"Finance Commission\"\nby the Central Government. So far 14 Finance Commissions have been appointed which are as follows: Major Recommendations of 14th Finance Commission headed by Prof. Y V Reddy The Fifteenth Finance Commission was constituted by the Government of India, after the approval from the President of India, through a notification in the Gazette of India in November 2017. Nand Kishore Singh was appointed as the commission's chairman, with its full-time members being Shaktikanta Das and Anoop Singh and its part-time members being Ramesh Chand and Ashok Lahiri. The commission was set up to give recommendations for five years commencing on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16978397", "chunk_text": "\"Union budget of India\"\nminister to present the Union budget on his birthday. Desai presented budgets that included five annual budgets and an interim budget during his first stint and three final budgets and one interim budget in his second tenure when he was both the Finance Minister and the Deputy Prime Minister of India. After Desai's resignation, Indira Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India, took over the Ministry of Finance to become the only woman to hold the post of the Finance Minister. Pranab Mukherjee, the first Rajya Sabha member to hold the Finance portfolio, presented the annual budgets for the financial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_367	who plays the first nfl game of the season?	n/a	[ "the New England Patriots", "the Kansas City Chiefs" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14354119", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NFL season\"\nfor ESPN, although Salters will still be on MNF. McDonough will be replaced by Joe Tessitore, who has done work for ESPN as a College Football announcer, like McDonough, while Jason Witten, who would end up retiring after this season, will replace Gruden, with Booger McFarland, being added as a field analyst. 2017 NFL season The 2017 NFL season was the 98th season in the history of the National Football League (NFL). The season began on September 7, 2017, with the Kansas City Chiefs defeating the defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots 42–27 in the NFL Kickoff Game.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13860182", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NFL season\"\n2018 NFL season The 2018 NFL season is the 99th season of the National Football League (NFL). The season began on September 6, 2018, with the NFL Kickoff Game with the defending Super Bowl LII champion Philadelphia Eagles defeating the Atlanta Falcons 18–12. The season will conclude with Super Bowl LIII, the league's championship game, on February 3, 2019, at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. The 2018 NFL League year and trading period began on March 14. On March 9, clubs were allowed to exercise options for 2018 on players who have option clauses in their contracts, submit qualifying offers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12177177", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NFL season\"\n2017 NFL season The 2017 NFL season was the 98th season in the history of the National Football League (NFL). The season began on September 7, 2017, with the Kansas City Chiefs defeating the defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots 42–27 in the NFL Kickoff Game. The season concluded with Super Bowl LII, where the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles faced the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots. The Philadelphia Eagles defeated the New England Patriots 41–33 to win their first title in franchise history. It was also a rematch of Super Bowl XXXIX,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9215157", "chunk_text": "\"NFL Kickoff Game\"\nNFL Kickoff Game The National Football League Kickoff game, along with related festivities, marks the official start of the National Football League (NFL) regular season. A single game is held, preceded by a concert and other ceremonies. This first game of the season is usually scheduled for the Thursday following Labor Day and since 2004, it was hosted by the defending Super Bowl champions. However, in 2012, the game was moved to Wednesday to prevent conflicts with the acceptance speech of the Democratic National Convention. The remainder of the league plays their opening weekend games the following Sunday and Monday.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11777136", "chunk_text": "\"NFL regular season\"\nNFL regular season The National Football League (NFL) regular season begins on the weekend following the first Monday of September (i.e, the weekend following the Labor Day holiday) and ends in December or early January. It consists of 256 games, where each team (32 total) plays 16 games during a 17-week period. Since 2012, the NFL schedule generally has games in one of five time slots during the week. The first game of the week is played on Thursday night, kicking off at 8:20 PM (ET). The majority of games are played on Sunday, most kicking off at 1:00 PM", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13860187", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NFL season\"\nFootball League Players Association filed a grievance with the league over the policy on July 11. The following people associated with the NFL (or AFL) have died in 2018. Training camps for the 2018 season were held in late July through August. Teams started training camp no earlier than 15 days before the team's first scheduled preseason game. The Pro Football Hall of Fame Game, in which the Baltimore Ravens defeated the Chicago Bears 17–16, was played on August 2; and was televised nationally by NBC. The Ravens, who made their first Hall of Fame Game appearance, were represented in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3189703", "chunk_text": "\"NFL regular season\"\nthe NFL has indicated that the opening game will normally be hosted by the defending Super Bowl champions as the official start of their title defense. Under this scheduling system, the earliest the regular season could begin is September 4, as it was in the and seasons, due to September 1 falling on a Monday, while the latest possible is September 10, as it was in the and seasons, due to September 1 falling on a Tuesday. Currently, the thirteen different opponents each team faces over the 16-game regular season schedule are set using a pre-determined formula: Under this formula,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3189702", "chunk_text": "\"NFL regular season\"\nfor each team, resulting in an 18-week regular season. In 2001, the September 11th attacks resulted in the league postponing its week 2 games, leading to another 18-week season. Since the season, the league has scheduled a nationally televised regular season kickoff game on the Thursday night after Labor Day, prior to the first Sunday of NFL games to kick off the season. The first one, featuring the San Francisco 49ers and the New York Giants, was held on September 5, 2002 largely to celebrate New York City's resilience in the wake of the September 11, 2001 attacks. Since 2004,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9683139", "chunk_text": "\"NFL preseason\"\nSan Francisco 49ers played the Baltimore Ravens in 2014, and the Los Angeles Rams played the Baltimore Ravens in 2018, both in Baltimore. The Arizona Cardinals, who are on the pacific time zone during August, have played the New England Patriots in 2006, the Pittsburgh Steelers in 2006 and 2009, the Washington Redskins in 2010, and Atlanta Falcons in 2017. The College All-Star Game, usually the first game of the preseason, was played annually in Chicago from 1934 to 1976, and featured the NFL (from 1966, World champion) against an all-rookie team of college all-stars. During the earlier years of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8208053", "chunk_text": "\"2016 NFL season\"\n2016 NFL season The 2016 NFL season was the 97th season in the history of the National Football League (NFL). The season began on September 8, 2016, with the defending Super Bowl 50 champion Denver Broncos defeating the Carolina Panthers 21–20 in the NFL Kickoff Game. The season concluded with Super Bowl LI, the league's championship game on February 5, 2017, at NRG Stadium in Houston with the New England Patriots defeating the Atlanta Falcons 34–28 in overtime. For the first time since the Houston Oilers relocated to Tennessee in , an NFL team relocated to another state, as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12005949", "chunk_text": "\"2010 NFL season\"\noff in the first-ever game at New Meadowlands Stadium on ESPN. The preseason game in the Bills Toronto Series featured the host Bills defeating the Indianapolis Colts in Toronto on Thursday, August 19 by a score of 34–21. Exact dates and times for most games were announced in April, shortly after the regular season games were announced. The NFL Kickoff Game, the first game of the season, took place on Thursday, September 9, 2010, starting at 8:35 pm EDT, with the Super Bowl XLIV champion New Orleans Saints hosting the Minnesota Vikings, in a rematch of the 2009 NFC Championship", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4776946", "chunk_text": "\"NFL Kickoff Game\"\nthe defending Super Bowl champions.<br> <nowiki></nowiki> – Game played on a Wednesday instead of the usual Thursday.<br> <nowiki></nowiki> – Defending Super Bowl champions played on the road because of parking conflicts with the MLB.<br> <nowiki>**</nowiki> – Game played between 2 Super Bowl champions.<br> NFL Kickoff Game The National Football League Kickoff game, along with related festivities, marks the official start of the National Football League (NFL) regular season. A single game is held, preceded by a concert and other ceremonies. This first game of the season is usually scheduled for the Thursday following Labor Day and since 2004, it was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12177182", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NFL season\"\non April 27–29 in Philadelphia. The Cleveland Browns selected Myles Garrett with the first overall pick. Training camps for the 2017 season were held in late July through August. Teams started training camp no earlier than 15 days before the team's first scheduled preseason game. Prior to the start of the regular season, each team played four preseason exhibition games, beginning on August 10. The preseason began on the evening of August 3 with the 2017 Pro Football Hall of Fame Game, that featured the Dallas Cowboys (represented in the 2017 Hall of Fame Class by owner Jerry Jones) who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9076002", "chunk_text": "\"2015 NFL season\"\n2015 NFL season The 2015 NFL season was the 96th season in the history of the National Football League (NFL), and the 50th of the Super Bowl era. The season began on Thursday, September 10, 2015, with the annual kickoff game featuring the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots hosting the Pittsburgh Steelers. The season concluded with Super Bowl 50, the league's championship game, on Sunday, February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California, with the Denver Broncos defeating the Carolina Panthers 24–10. During the 2015 season, the Oakland Raiders, the St. Louis Rams, and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19808448", "chunk_text": "\"2019 NFL season\"\nABC, replacing Fox's broadcast television simulcast of NFL Network in 2018. ABC's coverage will cater towards a mainstream audience and be hosted by the panel of ESPN's \"\"College GameDay\"\", while ESPN and NFL Network will continue to carry more conventional coverage of the draft. 2019 NFL season The 2019 NFL season will be the 100th season of the National Football League. (NFL) The season will tentatively begin on September 5, 2019 in the home team of the Super Bowl LIII champion. The season will conclude with Super Bowl LIV, the league's championship game, tentatively scheduled for February 2, 2020 at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12177190", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NFL season\"\nCounty Coliseum through at least the 2018 season (with the 2019 season to be determined) while Las Vegas Stadium is built, with the team moving to Nevada in 2019 or 2020. The Los Angeles Rams, who had capped season ticket sales at 55,000 for the 2017 season, announced to have 60,128 spectators in the first home game on week 1. However, reports estimate that spectators only filled a third of the 93,607 seats of the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. The Los Angeles Chargers did not sell out their week 2 game at the StubHub Center, which was never expanded to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13860185", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NFL season\"\nwere hired. Four officials were promoted to the referee position. Down judge Hugo Cruz was fired for performance-related issues culminating with a missed false start during a Week 6 game between the Los Angeles Chargers and Cleveland Browns. It was the first time in the Super Bowl era that an official was dismissed in-season. The following playing rule changes have been approved by the Competition Committee for the 2018 season: The following bylaws and resolutions were passed: The following changes to the kickoff rules were approved at the NFL Spring Owners' Meeting on May 23, 2018: In response to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20187813", "chunk_text": "\"2019 NFL season\"\n2019 NFL season The 2019 NFL season will be the 100th season of the National Football League. (NFL) The season will tentatively begin on September 5, 2019 in the home team of the Super Bowl LIII champion. The season will conclude with Super Bowl LIV, the league's championship game, tentatively scheduled for February 2, 2020 at Hard Rock Stadium in Miami, Florida. The 2019 NFL Draft will be held from April 25–27 in Nashville, Tennessee. Training Camps for the 2019 season will be held in late July through August. Teams will start training camp no earlier than 15 days before", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12177183", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NFL season\"\nhosted Arizona Cardinals (represented by former quarterback and 2017 Hall of Famer Kurt Warner). It was televised nationally on NBC. The 64-game preseason schedule ended on August 31; a 65th game, that of the 2017 Texas Governor's Cup, was canceled due to the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey. The 2017 regular season's 256 games which were played over a 17-week schedule which began on September 7. Each of the league's 32 teams plays a 16-game schedule, with one bye week for each team. The slate also features games on Monday nights. There are games played on Thursday, including the National Football", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4776943", "chunk_text": "\"NFL Kickoff Game\"\nchampion on opening day in NFL history. 2015: The New England Patriots, after winning Super Bowl XLIX, hosted the 2015 Kickoff Game on September 10 at Gillette Stadium, with the Pittsburgh Steelers as their opponent. Patriots quarterback Tom Brady was originally not going to play due to his four-game suspension as a result of his involvement in the Deflategate scandal, but a court threw out the suspension on September 3, 2015 and ordered the league to let him play. It also marked the first time NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell did not attend a Kickoff Game, stating that he did not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14354102", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NFL season\"\nseason at the NFL Spring League meeting on May 23, 2017: The ban on teams contacting potential coaching candidates until that candidate's team has been eliminated from the playoffs was tabled. The following players were named First Team All-Pro by the Associated Press: The following were named the top performers during the 2017 season: The Atlanta Falcons played their first season at Mercedes-Benz Stadium, after playing in the Georgia Dome for the previous 25 seasons. On January 12, 2017, the San Diego Chargers exercised their option to relocate to Los Angeles as the Los Angeles Chargers. They will be joining", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8208045", "chunk_text": "\"2015 NFL season\"\nhave planned to place the broadcast behind a paywall, which the league resisted. The NFL entered into a social media partnership with Snapchat to present live stories with behind-the-scenes and fan perspectives from selected games. 2015 NFL season The 2015 NFL season was the 96th season in the history of the National Football League (NFL), and the 50th of the Super Bowl era. The season began on Thursday, September 10, 2015, with the annual kickoff game featuring the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots hosting the Pittsburgh Steelers. The season concluded with Super Bowl 50, the league's championship", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13997484", "chunk_text": "\"National Football League\"\nthe NFL season. Currently, the thirteen opponents each team faces over the 16-game regular season schedule are set using a pre-determined formula: The league runs a seventeen-week, 256-game regular season. Since 2001, the season has begun the week after Labor Day (first Monday in September) and concluded the week after Christmas. The opening game of the season is normally a home game on a Thursday for the league's defending champion. Most NFL games are played on Sundays, with a Monday night game typically held at least once a week and Thursday night games occurring on most weeks as well. NFL", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14460623", "chunk_text": "\"Thursday Night Football\"\nplayers including Richard Sherman, J. J. Watt, and Charles Woodson expressed their dislikes for Thursday Night Football, with Richard Sherman calling it a \"\"poopfest\"\". The September 20, 2018 game between the New York Jets and Cleveland Browns, which saw the debut of Cleveland's first overall pick Baker Mayfield, as well as the team breaking a nearly two-year losing streak, set a record for the highest-rated NFL Network-exclusive broadcast in \"\"Thursday Night Football\"\" history, with a 5.2 household rating and over 8 million viewers. As mentioned, a team needing to play a Thursday night game can result in a shortened rest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13860213", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NFL season\"\n5 to 15 minutes earlier to facilitate local newscasts and \"\"SportsCenter\"\" to start earlier and cause less disruption to late night television schedules in the Eastern and Central time zones. Thursday and Sunday Night games now kick off at 8:20 p.m. ET, while Monday Night games now kick off at 8:15 p.m. ET. After two years of decline, television viewership for the NFL slightly rebounded in 2018, with ratings up 3% as a whole through the first ten weeks of the season, despite a major decline (16%) in other programming on the same networks. 2018 NFL season The 2018 NFL", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17812677", "chunk_text": "\"Canceled NFL games\"\nwarning that this substance could result in burns when exposed to skin, and alerted others to the discovery. When officially cancelling the game, both the league and the Players Association cited safety concerns. Both teams were told at 6:40 p.m.—an hour and 20 minutes before kickoff—that the game was going to be canceled. However, fans in the stadium only learned of the pending cancellation via social media. No official announcement was made until just before the scheduled 8 p.m. kickoff. The 2017 Governor's Cup, an annual preseason matchup between Texas’s two NFL franchises, the Dallas Cowboys and Houston Texans, was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9076267", "chunk_text": "\"2016 NFL season\"\nthis would be the last season for John Lynch, who would leave to be the next general manager of the San Francisco 49ers. Replacing Lynch next season, would be Charles Davis who would move up from the #4 team at Fox to join Kevin Burkhardt at the end of this season. 80,000 without party pass areas \"\"Source\"\": 2016 NFL season The 2016 NFL season was the 97th season in the history of the National Football League (NFL). The season began on September 8, 2016, with the defending Super Bowl 50 champion Denver Broncos defeating the Carolina Panthers 21–20 in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4776945", "chunk_text": "\"NFL Kickoff Game\"\nof Super Bowl 50) retired and Brock Osweiler left as a free agent. 2017: The defending Super Bowl LI champions, the New England Patriots, hosted the Kansas City Chiefs for the 2017 Kickoff Game at Gillette Stadium. Goodell visited Gillette Stadium for the Kickoff Game, having been absent from the venue since the 2014 season. 2018: The defending Super Bowl LII champions, the Philadelphia Eagles hosted the Atlanta Falcons for the 2018 Kickoff Game at Lincoln Financial Field, in a rematch of their 2017 Divisional Playoff Game. \"\"Winning team labeled in bold.\"\" <nowiki>*</nowiki> – Game was not yet hosted by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8943252", "chunk_text": "\"2009 NFL season\"\nOilers). The rest of the pre-season matchups were announced March 30, 2009. Highlights, among others, included a rematch of Super Bowl XLIII between the Pittsburgh Steelers and the Arizona Cardinals on ESPN. The first game of the season was held on Thursday, September 10, at 8:30 pm EDT, with the Super Bowl XLIII champion Pittsburgh Steelers defeating the Tennessee Titans 13–10 in overtime at Heinz Field. The opening weekend game on \"\"NBC Sunday Night Football\"\" featured the Chicago Bears at Green Bay Packers, which the Packers won, 21–15. The opening weekend doubleheader games on \"\"Monday Night Football\"\" were both part", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9683204", "chunk_text": "\"NFL regular season\"\nat home. In , the Super Bowl XLVII champion Baltimore Ravens were forced to open on the road due to this fact, as their MLB counterparts, the Baltimore Orioles, were scheduled at home on the same day as the Week 1 NFL Kickoff game and declined to either reschedule or relocate their game. (MLB typically releases the schedule for an upcoming season prior to the end of the previous season, forcing the NFL to accommodate the scheduling needs of teams who share parking lots or stadiums with MLB teams, while MLS typically releases their season schedule well ahead of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13860188", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NFL season\"\nthe 2018 Hall of Fame class by former linebacker Ray Lewis, while the Bears were represented by former linebacker Brian Urlacher. The 2018 regular season's 256 games were played over a 17-week schedule that began on September 6. Each of the league's 32 teams played a 16-game schedule, with one bye week for each team. The slate also featured games on Monday Nights. There were games played on Thursdays, including the National Football League Kickoff game in prime time on September 6 and games on Thanksgiving Day. The regular season concluded with a full slate of 16 games on December", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16958232", "chunk_text": "\"NBC Sunday Night Football\"\nthe Philadelphia Eagles beat the New England Patriots in a rematch of Super Bowl XXXIX. The 2018 NFL season schedule was released in April. NBC's first telecast of the season was on September 6, 2018 featured the Super Bowl Champion Philadelphia Eagles defeating the Atlanta Falcons. For the ninth season in a row, the NFL placed a game against a World Series game, with the New Orleans Saints against the Minnesota Vikings, going up against the fifth (and final) game of the Fall Classic, between the Los Angeles Dodgers against the Boston Red Sox. This will also be the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12005950", "chunk_text": "\"2010 NFL season\"\nGame. The Saints won 14–9. Like in previous years, the opening week's prime-time games were expected to be announced at the NFL's annual owners meetings in late March, but that wasn't the case this year, with the schedule announced on April 20. On March 15, 2010, the NFL announced that both the New York Giants and New York Jets will play at home during the opening weekend to open New Meadowlands Stadium. The Giants played on Sunday with a 1 pm EDT kickoff against the Carolina Panthers and the Jets opened ESPN's Monday Night Football schedule against the Baltimore Ravens", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14617779", "chunk_text": "\"2014 NFL season\"\n2014 NFL season The 2014 NFL season was the 95th season in the history of the National Football League (NFL). The season began on Thursday, September 4, 2014, with the annual kickoff game featuring the defending Super Bowl XLVIII champion Seattle Seahawks hosting the Green Bay Packers, which resulted with the Seahawks winning, 36–16. The season concluded with Super Bowl XLIX, the league's championship game, on Sunday, February 1, 2015, at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona, with the New England Patriots defeating the Seattle Seahawks, 28–24. The 2014 league year began at 4 pm EST on March 11,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10056607", "chunk_text": "\"History of the National Football League\"\nreported by \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\"s Richard Deitsch to be the chosen play-by-play announcer on ESPN's \"\"Monday Night Football\"\" opening week late broadcast between the Los Angeles Chargers and Denver Broncos. She did that announcing job in September of that year, and thus became the first woman to call a nationally televised NFL game. In 2018 Hannah Storm and Andrea Kremer became the first female duo to call an NFL game, which they did for an Amazon Prime stream of \"\"Thursday Night Football\"\". Shannon Eastin became the first woman to officiate an NFL game in 2012, in a pre-season matchup between the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12284767", "chunk_text": "\"National Football League on television\"\nand NBC, this depended on which network produces the game for NFL Network. With Fox taking over the \"\"TNF\"\" package in 2018, Fox affiliates will have the primary option of simulcasting NFL Network games. This led to controversy in , when the New England Patriots were scheduled to play the New York Giants at Giants Stadium in their regular season finale on the NFL Network, in what was to be a chance to complete the first 16–0 regular season in NFL history. After the Senate Judiciary Committee threatened the NFL's antitrust exemption if it did not make the game available", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4776944", "chunk_text": "\"NFL Kickoff Game\"\nwant to be a distraction. 2016: The Denver Broncos hosted the 2016 Kickoff Game at Sports Authority Field at Mile High against the Carolina Panthers on September 8, in a Super Bowl 50 rematch. (As the Republican and Democratic conventions were both scheduled for July 2016, there was no scheduling conflict with them as there was in 2008 and 2012, nor were there conflicts with any other sports team in Denver that night.) The Broncos debuted Trevor Siemian as their new starting quarterback after both quarterbacks who started games in 2015 left the team; Peyton Manning (who played the entirety", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4482287", "chunk_text": "\"Tottenham Hotspur Stadium\"\ngame until 2019. An opening ceremony will take place before the first game. The first NFL game was due to be Oakland Raiders against Seattle Seahawks on 14 October 2018 but this too was relocated to Wembley following the stadium delay. The club shop was the first to open on 23 October 2018. The stadium is an enclosed asymmetric bowl with a capacity of 62,062. The bowl shape of the stadium comes from the need to maximise hospitality facilities while the asymmetry is the result of the creation of a single-tier stand in the south. The stadium is around 48m", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6083110", "chunk_text": "\"2014 NFL season\"\nnew officials were hired, including Shawn Hochuli, son of referee Ed Hochuli. 2014 NFL season The 2014 NFL season was the 95th season in the history of the National Football League (NFL). The season began on Thursday, September 4, 2014, with the annual kickoff game featuring the defending Super Bowl XLVIII champion Seattle Seahawks hosting the Green Bay Packers, which resulted with the Seahawks winning, 36–16. The season concluded with Super Bowl XLIX, the league's championship game, on Sunday, February 1, 2015, at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona, with the New England Patriots defeating the Seattle Seahawks, 28–24.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12177184", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NFL season\"\nLeague Kickoff game in prime time on September 7 and games on Thanksgiving Day. The regular season concluded with a full slate of 16 games on Sunday, December 31, all of which were the intra–division matchups, as it has been since . Under the NFL's current scheduling formula, each team plays the other three teams in its own division twice. In addition a team plays against all four teams in one other division from each conference. The final two games on a team's schedule are against the two teams in the team's own conference in the divisions the team was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17465229", "chunk_text": "\"2017–18 NFL playoffs\"\n2017–18 NFL playoffs The 2017–18 NFL playoffs began on January 6, 2018, after the 2017 season, and concluded with Super Bowl LII on Sunday, February 4, 2018, when the Philadelphia Eagles defeated the New England Patriots at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. These playoffs were notable for several teams snapping long playoff droughts, as the Buffalo Bills, Los Angeles Rams, Jacksonville Jaguars, and Tennessee Titans each qualified for the playoffs for the first time since 1999, 2004, 2007, and 2008, respectively. The playoffs were also notable for the Patriots reaching a seventh consecutive AFC Championship Game, extending their own", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9683199", "chunk_text": "\"NFL regular season\"\nannounced that the Jacksonville Jaguars will play one home game a season at Wembley, up to and including 2016, later extended to 2020. Their first game, versus the San Francisco 49ers, saw the 49ers winning comfortably. A second game was played at Wembley for the first time, with the Minnesota Vikings hosting and beating the Pittsburgh Steelers. Meanwhile, a record three fixtures were announced from the 2014 season, with the Jacksonville Jaguars hosting the Dallas Cowboys, the Atlanta Falcons hosting the Detroit Lions and the Oakland Raiders hosting the Miami Dolphins at Wembley. The Buffalo Bills played one regular season", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4088627", "chunk_text": "\"Wembley Stadium\"\nby the NFL to strengthen the NFL fanbase in London and internationally. Future plans to have a permanent NFL team in London have been suggested. Another first was recorded in 2014 as three regular season NFL games were played at Wembley. The Oakland Raiders hosted the Miami Dolphins on 28 September at 6 pm BST, the Atlanta Falcons hosted the Detroit Lions on 26 October at 1:30 pm GMT and the Jacksonville Jaguars hosted the Dallas Cowboys on 9 November at 6 pm GMT. At 9:30 am ET, the Detroit-Atlanta game was the earliest kick off in NFL history and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13860212", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NFL season\"\nfor its eleven games, with Hannah Storm and Andrea Kremer serving as the lead broadcast team. The announcement makes Kremer the first-ever female color analyst for an NFL game, the first time a game has been broadcast with no men involved in the broadcast team, and the first time since Tony Kornheiser left \"\"Monday Night Football\"\" that the color analyst had no coaching or playing experience. Amazon will offer the standard Fox broadcast team, a British broadcasting team, and a Spanish language feed as alternate audio choices. The kick-off timess for all three primetime series were moved up to start", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12832031", "chunk_text": "\"NFL Network\"\nThanksgiving Day), as well as one live Saturday night game during Week 16. As a result of the addition of these extra games, every NFL team now appears in at least one game on either NFL Network's \"\"Thursday Night Football\"\", a Thanksgiving Day game or in the season-opening kickoff game each season (the season opener falls on the Thursday prior to Week 1 and is televised on NBC, while the Thanksgiving Day tripleheader games air on CBS, Fox and NBC). As with the games broadcast by ESPN's \"\"Monday Night Football\"\", the NFL Network telecasts are also aired on a designated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17643329", "chunk_text": "\"2013 NFL season\"\nregular season schedule was released on April 18, 2013. The 2013 regular season began on Thursday, September 5, with the NFL Kickoff Game in which the Denver Broncos hosted the Baltimore Ravens. The game was a rematch of a double-overtime playoff game of the previous season. The game was broadcast on NBC. The Ravens, as the reigning Super Bowl champions, would normally have hosted the kickoff game, however, a scheduling conflict with their Major League Baseball counterparts, the Baltimore Orioles, forced the Ravens to start the season on the road (the Ravens' and Orioles' respective stadiums — M&T Bank Stadium", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17812681", "chunk_text": "\"Canceled NFL games\"\nto Saturday, September 11 at 1 PM ET because of Hurricane Ivan,and the Pittsburgh Steelers at Miami Dolphins game scheduled for Sunday, September 26, at 1 PM ET was moved to 8:30 PM ET because of Hurricane Jeanne. The latter game would become notable as the first NFL start of Steelers quarterback Ben Roethlisberger. Hurricane Katrina in 2005 damaged the Louisiana Superdome. The NFL decided that the New Orleans Saints' first regularly scheduled home game against the New York Giants be played in Giants Stadium in New Jersey, with the Saints the home team in name only. For the rest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3189658", "chunk_text": "\"NFL preseason\"\nit can be on the second weekend. Previous seasons have seen the American Bowl game held the last weekend of July. The first full schedule of exhibition games is held the following weekend. Most games are held on Thursday, Friday, or Saturday nights, with one nationally televised game each night of the week: NFL Network airs a Thursday game, CBS and Fox a Friday and Saturday night game each, NBC with Sunday night games, and ESPN a Monday night game. Unlike the regular season, CBS's and Fox's national exhibition game opponents are selected regardless of conference. Four full weekends of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20187814", "chunk_text": "\"2019 NFL season\"\nthe team's first scheduled preseason game. The Pro Football Hall of Fame Game, with teams to be announced, is tentatively scheduled for August 1, 2019 and will be televised nationally by NBC. The game will be held at Tom Benson Hall of Fame Stadium in Canton, Ohio, the same city where the league was founded 99 years prior. On October 18, 2018, the NFL announced that it would commemorate its 100th season throughout 2019, beginning at Super Bowl LIII. An NFL 100 emblem will be featured in promotions across all NFL properties during the season, worn on jerseys as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12978157", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Philadelphia Eagles season\"\nthe United States. The exact date, along with network and kickoff time, were announced in conjunction with the release of the regular season schedule. Notes NFL Kickoff Game The Eagles kicked off the 2018 season hosting Matt Ryan and the Atlanta Falcons in a rematch of last year's Divisional Round. The Falcons struggles in the red zone continued as they were stopped on fourth and goal on their first drive. The Eagles however had struggles of their own being held scoreless until midway through the second when Jake Elliott kicked a 26-yard field goal to tie the game. The Falcons", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_368	who won last year's ncaa women's basketball?	n/a	[ "South Carolina" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14583650", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\n2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game The 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament. The game was played on April 2, 2017, at American Airlines Center in Dallas. The South Carolina Gamecocks defeated the Mississippi State Bulldogs, 67–55, to claim their first-ever national championship. Going into the game, South Carolina and Mississippi State have met 35 times in women's basketball since December 29, 1984, with the Gamecocks holding a one-game edge over the Bulldogs in Southeastern Conference (SEC) play. In the 2016–17 SEC regular", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9018587", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\nas the color analysts, and Holly Rowe as the sideline reporter. Maria Taylor, Rebecca Lobo and Andy Landers provided studio coverage. 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game The 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament. The game was played on April 2, 2017, at American Airlines Center in Dallas. The South Carolina Gamecocks defeated the Mississippi State Bulldogs, 67–55, to claim their first-ever national championship. Going into the game, South Carolina and Mississippi State have met 35 times in women's basketball since December 29,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "202979", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament\"\n2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament The 2017 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Tournament was played from Friday, March 17 to Sunday, April 2, 2017, with the Final Four played at the American Airlines Center in Dallas, Texas on March 31 and April 2. This was the first time that the women's Final Four was played in Dallas and the first time since 2002 that the Final Four games were played on Friday and Sunday, rather than Sunday and Tuesday. South Carolina defeated Mississippi State to win the championship. Tennessee continued its record streak of making every NCAA Women's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8004993", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\n2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game The 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament. The game was played on April 1, 2018, at the Nationwide Arena in Columbus, Ohio. The Notre Dame Fighting Irish defeated the Mississippi State Bulldogs to win their second national championship. The game was won on a made basket by Arike Ogunbowale with 0.1 seconds left on the clock—she made a similar shot with 1.0 second in the semifinal to defeat Connecticut, earning Notre Dame a berth in the championship.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8004995", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\nchampions No. 7 South Carolina, and No. 17 Texas A&M. The Bulldogs were seeded first in the SEC tournament, where they defeated (9) Kentucky and (5) Texas A&M en route to the championship game, where they fell to (2) South Carolina, 51–62 for their first loss of the season. The Bulldogs received an at-large bid to the NCAA Tournament, where they were seeded first in the Kansas City regional. In the tournament, Mississippi State defeated (16) Nicholls State, (9) Oklahoma State, (4) NC State, and (3) UCLA en route to the Final Four, where they beat (1) Louisville in overtime,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8004997", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\nnation. The Irish performed exceptionally in conference, finishing the regular season 27–2, with fifteen wins from sixteen ACC games, including three wins against ranked conference opponents (No. 8 Florida State, No. 19 Duke, and No. 21 NC State) and one win against a ranked non-conference opponent (No. 8 Tennessee). The Irish's only other loss of the season came against No. 3 Louisville in their fifth conference game; Notre Dame finished the season having won their last twelve games and were seeded second in the ACC tournament, where they defeated (7) Virginia and (3) Florida State en route to the title", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4515584", "chunk_text": "\"2016–17 NCAA Division I women's basketball season\"\nteams changed coaches during and after the season. 2016–17 NCAA Division I women's basketball season The 2016–17 NCAA Division I women's basketball season began on November 11, 2016 and ended with the Final Four title game in Dallas on April 2, 2017, won by South Carolina. Practices officially began on September 30, 2016. Only one school joined a new conference for 2016–17: The top 25 from the AP and USA Today Coaches Polls. In addition, Alabama returned women's home games to Coleman Coliseum, home to Alabama men's basketball since the venue's opening in 1968. The Crimson Tide women began play", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18156975", "chunk_text": "\"NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament\"\nwon the national title at Pauley Pavilion, the home court of its Los Angeles arch-rival UCLA. Of the other teams to play in their home states, Stanford (1992) won the national title; Notre Dame (2011) lost in the championship game; and Western Kentucky (1986), Penn State (2000), Missouri State (2001), LSU (2004), and Baylor (2010) lost in the semifinals. 6 championship games have featured two teams from the same conference (winner in bold): 267 teams have appeared in the NCAA Tournament in at least a year, since 1982 (the initial year that the post-season tournament was under the auspices of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14583652", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\n4 points (54–50). However, South Carolina never relinquished their lead, and held on to win, ultimately by 12 points. The South Carolina strategy was to focus on close shots, with the team only attempting three 3-pointers in the entire game. A'ja Wilson was South Carolina's top scorer with 23 points. Mississippi State guard Morgan William, who had excelled previously in the tournament, was benched for much of the game, scoring 8 points in 23 minutes of playing time. The Championship Game was televised in the United States by ESPN. Dave O'Brien gave the play-by-play, with Doris Burke and Kara Lawson", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7150891", "chunk_text": "\"2016–17 NCAA Division I women's basketball season\"\n2016–17 NCAA Division I women's basketball season The 2016–17 NCAA Division I women's basketball season began on November 11, 2016 and ended with the Final Four title game in Dallas on April 2, 2017, won by South Carolina. Practices officially began on September 30, 2016. Only one school joined a new conference for 2016–17: The top 25 from the AP and USA Today Coaches Polls. In addition, Alabama returned women's home games to Coleman Coliseum, home to Alabama men's basketball since the venue's opening in 1968. The Crimson Tide women began play in 1974 at Foster Auditorium, and split home", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2412568", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\nseason, South Carolina lost twice and Mississippi State three times (once to the Gamecocks). Notched as the top two seeds for the 2017 SEC Tournament, the teams advanced to the championship game, where South Carolina won 59–49. In the Final Four of the tournament, South Carolina defeated Stanford, 62–53. In the other semifinal game, Mississippi State defeated Connecticut with a buzzer beater, winning 66–64, and ending Connecticut's 111-game winning streak. South Carolina led 36–26 at half time and extended this lead further in the beginning of the third quarter. Mississippi State then rallied, and at one point trailed by only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15985624", "chunk_text": "\"2016 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\n2016 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game The 2016 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the 2016 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Tournament, played to determine the national champion for the 2015–16 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Connecticut Huskies (UConn) defeated the Syracuse Orange to win their fourth consecutive championship. Breanna Stewart was voted Most Outstanding Player for the fourth straight time. Head coach Geno Auriemma surpassed John Wooden's record winning 11 NCAA national championships. This was the first Division I women's championship game to be played in quarters instead of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8004996", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\nputting their record at 37–1. The Notre Dame Fighting Irish were led by 31st-year head coach Muffet McGraw. The Fighting Irish opened their season by winning eleven of their first twelve games, including three wins in the Gulf Coast Showcase and a win in the ACC–Big Ten Women's Challenge, with three of those four being ranked opponents, most notably defending champions No. 3 South Carolina. The Irish suffered their first loss in their eighth game of the season, a matchup with No. 1 Connecticut in the Jimmy V Classic. Notre Dame entered ACC play 11–1, ranked No. 2 in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15985628", "chunk_text": "\"2016 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\nthe United States was provided by Westwood One. 2016 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game The 2016 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the 2016 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Tournament, played to determine the national champion for the 2015–16 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Connecticut Huskies (UConn) defeated the Syracuse Orange to win their fourth consecutive championship. Breanna Stewart was voted Most Outstanding Player for the fourth straight time. Head coach Geno Auriemma surpassed John Wooden's record winning 11 NCAA national championships. This was the first Division I women's championship", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15985626", "chunk_text": "\"2016 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\nFBS football left to form a new Big East Conference; and the remaining members of the original Big East, including UConn, reorganized as the American Athletic Conference. The 2016 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Championship Game was played on April 5, 2016, at Bankers Life Fieldhouse in Indianapolis. Notable performances were by Breanna Stewart, voted four years in a row the Most Outstanding Player, forward Morgan Tuck and point guard Moriah Jefferson. Tuck scored 19 points, with 5 assists and 7 steals, while Jefferson had 13 points, 5 assists and 3 steals. Syracuse shot only 35.5 percent from the floor,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17895932", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\nAmin gave the play-by-play, with Kara Lawson and Rebecca Lobo as the color analysts, and Holly Rowe as the sideline reporter. Maria Taylor, Lobo, Nell Fortner and Andy Landers provided studio coverage. 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game The 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament. The game was played on April 1, 2018, at the Nationwide Arena in Columbus, Ohio. The Notre Dame Fighting Irish defeated the Mississippi State Bulldogs to win their second national championship. The game was won on a made", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8004999", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\nseason to torn ACLs. Brianna Turner, an All-American forward in 2016–17, suffered the injury in the 2017 NCAA tournament and missed the entire season. Senior guard Mychael Johnson was lost in a preseason practice, freshman center Mikayla Vaughn after six games, and starting senior point guard Lili Thompson was lost on New Year's Eve. Before the title game, McGraw told media, \"\"I didn't think we'd have more ACL tears than losses. I think it's just an amazing accomplishment for this team and the resilience they've shown all year.\"\" The Championship Game was televised in the United States by ESPN. Adam", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7444337", "chunk_text": "\"2016 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament\"\n2016 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament The 2016 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Tournament was played between March and April 2016, with the Final Four played April 3 & 5. The regional locations were four neutral sites: Bridgeport, Connecticut, Dallas, Lexington, Kentucky, and Sioux Falls, South Dakota. The Final Four was played at Bankers Life Fieldhouse in Indianapolis. This was the third time that Indianapolis hosted a Women's Final Four Basketball tournament; the prior times were in 2005 and 2011. Connecticut won their fourth consecutive national championship, defeating Syracuse 82–51. This was the last Women's Final Four to be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16227058", "chunk_text": "\"Notre Dame Fighting Irish women's basketball\"\nConnecticut. After an injury plagued start to the 2017–18 season, which saw four Irish players lost to injury, Notre Dame won its second National Championship by beating Mississippi State 61–58. Junior guard Arike Ogunbowale scored the game winning three point shot with three seconds left, two days after scoring a similar buzzer beater to knock out Connecticut in the semifinal game. The win was coach McGraw's second national championship and 800th win at Notre Dame. Naismith College Player of the Year AP National Player of the Year Sports Illustrated National Player of the Year NCAA Basketball Tournament Most Outstanding Player", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8004998", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\ngame, where they once again fell to Louisville. The Irish were seeded first as an at-large bid in the NCAA Tournament's Spokane Regional. On their run to the title game, Notre Dame defeated (16) Cal State Northridge, (9) Villanova, (4) Texas A&M, and (2) Oregon to get to the Final Four, where they faced and defeated (1) Connecticut in overtime via a made basket by Arike Ogunbowale with 1.0 seconds left. The Irish reached this point despite a severely depleted roster with only seven scholarship players by the start of the NCAA tournament—four players missed part or all of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14287665", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament\"\n2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament The 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament began on March 16, 2018, and concluded with the national championship game on Sunday, April 1. The Final Four was played at Nationwide Arena in Columbus, Ohio. This is the third time that the women's Final Four was played in Ohio after previously being held in Cincinnati in 1997 and Cleveland in 2007 and the first time that the women's Final Four was played in Columbus. For only the fourth time in the tournament’s 37-year history, all four of the number one seeds made it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11946017", "chunk_text": "\"2017–18 NCAA Division I women's basketball season\"\n2017–18 NCAA Division I women's basketball season The 2017–18 NCAA Division I women's basketball season began on November 10, 2017 and ended with the Final Four title game at Nationwide Arena in Columbus, Ohio on April 1, 2018. Practices officially began in September 29, 2017. Three schools joined new conferences for the 2017–18 season. In addition to the schools changing conferences, the 2017–18 season was the last for four schools in their then-current conferences: Four Division I women's teams played the 2017–18 season in temporary homes due to renovation of their current venues. A fifth is playing in a temporary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9070383", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division II Women's Basketball Tournament\"\nby defeating Virginia Union 93–77 to finish 37-0. Quarterfinals, semifinals and finals were hosted at Alumni Hall in Columbus, Ohio. 2017 NCAA Division II Women's Basketball Tournament The 2017 NCAA Division II Women's Basketball Tournament involved 64 teams playing in a single-elimination tournament to determine the NCAA Division II women's college basketball national champion. It began on March 10, 2017, and concluded with the championship game on March 24, 2017. The first three rounds were hosted by top-seeded teams in regional play. The eight regional winners met for the quarterfinal and semifinals, better known as the \"\"Elite Eight\"\" and \"\"Final", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "96847", "chunk_text": "\"NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament upsets\"\ntournament since 1994, with two more doing so from 1985 to 1993. No team seeded 10 or lower has ever advanced to the Final Four; Gonzaga lost its 2011 regional final 83–60 to Stanford. Oregon lost its regional final to UConn, 90-52, in 2017, as a 10 seed, and Lamar in 1991 lost their regional final in 1991. In the men's tournament, four 11 seeds and one 10 seed have advanced to the Final Four—10th seed Syracuse in 2016, and 11th seeds Loyola-Chicago in 2018, VCU in 2011, George Mason in 2006, and LSU in 1986. NCAA Division I Women's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18512484", "chunk_text": "\"Timeline of women's sports in the United States\"\nteam obtained the longest winning streak in college basketball (both men's and women's), 111 straight wins, which started with a win against Creighton on December 23, 2014, and continued for 111 games until March 31, 2017, when they were beaten 66-64 on a last second shot in overtime by Mississippi State in the 2017 NCAA Final Four. This streak included an undefeated season in 2015–16. 2017 - In the 2017 season, Jesse Shofner was selected to the roster for the Nashville Nightwatch, which made her the first female player to make a full season American Ultimate Disc League roster. 2017", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17435468", "chunk_text": "\"NCAA Division III Women's Basketball Tournament\"\nNCAA Division III Women's Basketball Tournament The NCAA Division III Women's Basketball Championship is the annual tournament to determine the national champions of women's NCAA Division III collegiate basketball in the United States. It has been held annually since 1982, when the NCAA began to sponsor women's sports at all three levels. Washington–St. Louis are the most successful program, with five national titles. The current champions are Amherst, who won their second straight national title and third overall in 2018. Held in Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania, the 1982 Women's Final Four Basketball Tournament was the first sponsored by the NCAA. Featuring host", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14824277", "chunk_text": "\"Women's basketball\"\nNJCAA, the NCCAA, the CCAA and the CIS. Division I of the NCAA is considered the highest level of college competition, with the winner of the annual NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Championship game declared 'national champion.' The University of Connecticut Huskies have won the last four NCAA Division I national championships (2013–2016). There have been several professional leagues established in several countries including the United States, Europe, Japan, England and Australia. Though it was originally an American sport, it quickly spread internationally and outstanding players and teams are found today all over the world. Women's basketball leagues now exist", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8342856", "chunk_text": "\"NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament upsets\"\noverall top-seed Virginia, 74-54. Prior to UMBC's victory over Virginia, 16-seeds were winless in 135 attempts (since 1985) to defeat a 1-seed. Unlike the men's tournament, in which eight (8) 15 seeds and twenty-one (21) 14 seeds have won their opening games since that tournament expanded to 64 teams in 1985, no 14 or 15 seed has ever won a game in the women's tournament. The closest any 15 seed came to winning was in 2017, when Long Beach State lost 56–55 to Oregon State. Six 13 seeds have defeated 4 seeds in the first round. By contrast, the men's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19939737", "chunk_text": "\"Indiana Hoosiers women's basketball\"\nseason play was over, the Hoosiers received a #9 seed and were able to participate in the NCAA tournament for the first time in 14 years. Indiana defeated the Georgia Bulldogs 62–58 for their first NCAA tournament win in 33 years before falling to #1 seed Notre Dame. The Hoosiers' 2017-18 season proved to be another historic season. Lead by seniors Tyra Buss and Amanda Cahill, the Hoosiers compiled a 23-14 record and won the 2018 WNIT in front of a program record-breaking crowd of 13,007 at Simon Skjodt Assembly Hall. Considered to be one of the greatest basketball players", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1971937", "chunk_text": "\"2016–17 South Carolina Gamecocks women's basketball team\"\nsweet sixteen and Florida State in the elite eight to advanced to their 2nd final four in school history. In the national semi final in Dallas they defeated Stanford and beat SEC rival Mississippi State in the final to win their first NCAA National Championship. A'ja Wilson was named the Most Outstanding Player in the National Championship Game. !colspan=9 style=\"\"background:#73000A; color:#FFFFFF;\"\" \| Exhibition !colspan=9 style=\"\"background:#73000A; color:#FFFFFF;\"\"\| Regular season !colspan=9 style=\"\"background:#73000A; color:#FFFFFF;\"\" \| SEC Women's Tournament !colspan=9 style=\"\"background:#73000A; color:#FFFFFF;\"\" \| NCAA Women's Tournament 2016–17 South Carolina Gamecocks women's basketball team The 2016–17 South Carolina Gamecocks women's basketball team represents the University", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14622537", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division II Women's Basketball Tournament\"\n2017 NCAA Division II Women's Basketball Tournament The 2017 NCAA Division II Women's Basketball Tournament involved 64 teams playing in a single-elimination tournament to determine the NCAA Division II women's college basketball national champion. It began on March 10, 2017, and concluded with the championship game on March 24, 2017. The first three rounds were hosted by top-seeded teams in regional play. The eight regional winners met for the quarterfinal and semifinals, better known as the \"\"Elite Eight\"\" and \"\"Final Four\"\" respectively, and National Championship game at the Alumni Hall in Columbus, Ohio. The Ashland Eagles completed an undefeated season", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14553011", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Women's National Invitation Tournament\"\n2017 Women's National Invitation Tournament The 2017 Women's National Invitation Tournament was an annual single-elimination tournament of 64 NCAA Division I teams that were not selected to participate in the 2017 Women's NCAA Tournament. The tournament committee announced the 64-team field on March 13, following the selection of the NCAA Tournament field. The tournament began on March 15 and ended on April 1, with the championship game televised on the CBS Sports Network. In the championship game, the Michigan Wolverines defeated the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets, 89–79, in triple overtime. The 2017 Postseason WNIT field consists of 32 automatic invitations", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5877985", "chunk_text": "\"2011 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament\"\n2011 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament The 2011 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament began on March 19, 2011 and concluded on April 5, 2011. The Texas A&M Aggies won the championship, defeating the Notre Dame Fighting Irish 76–70 in the final held at Conseco Fieldhouse in Indianapolis. The tournament was also notable for a historic run by Gonzaga that ultimately ended in the final of the Spokane Region. With the help of two games on their home court and a regional held less than two miles away, the #11-seeded Bulldogs became the lowest seed ever to make a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10901464", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championship\"\n2018 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championship The 2018 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championships were held April 20–21, 2018, at the Chaifetz Arena in St. Louis, Missouri. The UCLA Bruins were the team Champions with a total of 198.075 points. The twelve teams invited were Alabama, Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, LSU, Nebraska, Oklahoma, UCLA, Utah, and Washington. 1. UCLA - 198.0750 2. Oklahoma - 198.0375 3. Florida - 197.8500 4. LSU - 197.8375 5. Utah - 196.9000 6. Nebraska - 196.8000 1. Maggie Nichols (Oklahoma) - 39.8125 2. Mykayla Skinner (Utah) - 39.725 3. Elizabeth Price (Stanford) - 39.675 Vault: Brenna Dowell", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16005701", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament\"\n2017 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament The 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament (semi-finals and final also known as the 2017 Women's College Cup) was the 36th annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of NCAA Division I women's collegiate soccer. The semi-finals and championship game were played at Orlando City Stadium in Orlando, Florida on December 1 and 3, 2017, while the preceding rounds were played at various sites across the country during November 2017. The Stanford Cardinal were tournament champions, winning the final 3–2 over the UCLA Bruins. All Division I women's soccer programs were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1370776", "chunk_text": "\"2017–18 Atlantic Coast Conference women's basketball season\"\n2017–18 Atlantic Coast Conference women's basketball season The 2017–18 Atlantic Coast Conference women's basketball season began with practices in October 2017, followed by the start of the 2017–18 NCAA Division I women's basketball season in November. Conference play started in late December 2017 and will conclude in March with the 2018 ACC Women's Basketball Tournament at the Greensboro Coliseum in Greensboro, NC. The regular season and tournament champions were the Louisville Cardinals. There were no coaching changes prior to the 2017–18 season. However, after the season ended, Erik Johnson resigned as the head coach of Boston College. Also after the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15376832", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championship\"\n2017 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championship The 2017 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championships were held April 14–15, 2017, at the Chaifetz Arena in St. Louis, Missouri. The Super Six finals were held on April 15. Oklahoma scored an NCAA championship record 198.3875 to win their second consecutive national title. The Sooners had the highest team scores on vault, uneven bars, and floor exercise. They were led by Maggie Nichols, who had the highest score of the day on vault and tied for the highest scores on balance beam, with a 10, and floor exercise. 1. Oklahoma - 198.3875 2. LSU - 197.7375", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9080580", "chunk_text": "\"2012 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament\"\n2012 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament The 2012 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament began March 17 and concluded April 3, 2012. The Final Four was played at Pepsi Center in Denver. For only the second time in history, and the first time since 1989, all four of the number one seeds made it to the Final Four. Baylor won its second national championship, defeating Notre Dame 80-61 in the championship game. They were the only team to win 40 straight games in a season until Connecticut matched it in 2014. The format is similar to the Men's Tournament,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1385936", "chunk_text": "\"Villanova Wildcats\"\nand had 16 points in the game, was named the NCAA Tournament's Most Outstanding Player. On April 4, 2016, the Wildcats won their second NCAA Championship in Men's Basketball, the first time in 31 years. They beat the North Carolina Tar Heels 77-74 off a buzzer-beater shot by Kris Jenkins with 0.5 seconds remaining in regulation. Two years later, on April 2, 2018, Villanova earned its third national championship beating the Michigan Wolverines 79-62. The Villanova Wildcats women's basketball team are coached by Harry Perretta, now serving his 34th year as head coach of the team. For the 2017–18 season,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9607936", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I Women's Swimming and Diving Championships\"\n2017 NCAA Division I Women's Swimming and Diving Championships The 2017 NCAA Women's Division I Swimming and Diving Championships were contested March 16–18, 2017 at the 36th annual NCAA-sanctioned swim meet to determine the team and individual national champions of Division I women's collegiate swimming and diving in the United States. This year's events were hosted by Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis at the Indiana University Natatorium in Indianapolis, Indiana. Stanford had a dominating performance to win their first NCAA title since 1998, and their ninth overall (the most of any college swim team). They finished 160.5 points ahead", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3055331", "chunk_text": "\"2016–17 Southeastern Conference women's basketball season\"\n2016–17 Southeastern Conference women's basketball season The 2016–17 Southeastern Conference women's basketball season began with practices in October 2016, followed by the start of the 2016–17 NCAA Division I women's basketball season in November. Conference play started in early January 2017 and concluded in March with the 2017 SEC Women's Basketball Tournament at the Bon Secours Wellness Arena in Greenville, South Carolina. The South Carolina Gamecocks were both regular season and tournament champions, with the Mississippi State Bulldogs as runner-up. Both teams received bids to the 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament and advanced to face each other in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18559922", "chunk_text": "\"2016 NCAA Division I Women's Volleyball Tournament\"\n2016 NCAA Division I Women's Volleyball Tournament The 2016 NCAA Division I Women's Volleyball Tournament began on December 1, 2016 and concluded on December 17 at Nationwide Arena in Columbus, Ohio. The tournament field was determined on November 27, 2016. Stanford defeated Texas 3 sets to 1 in the final to claim their seventh title, tying them with Penn State for most all-time. The champions of the NCAA's 32 conferences qualified automatically, while the remaining 32 positions were filled with at-large selections. The Big Ten and Pac-12 led all conferences with eight teams each in the field, followed by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18559924", "chunk_text": "\"2016 NCAA Division I Women's Volleyball Tournament\"\nand National Champion. 2016 NCAA Division I Women's Volleyball Tournament The 2016 NCAA Division I Women's Volleyball Tournament began on December 1, 2016 and concluded on December 17 at Nationwide Arena in Columbus, Ohio. The tournament field was determined on November 27, 2016. Stanford defeated Texas 3 sets to 1 in the final to claim their seventh title, tying them with Penn State for most all-time. The champions of the NCAA's 32 conferences qualified automatically, while the remaining 32 positions were filled with at-large selections. The Big Ten and Pac-12 led all conferences with eight teams each in the field,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1933449", "chunk_text": "\"2017–18 Notre Dame Fighting Irish women's basketball team\"\nlosing to Louisville in the ACC Women's Tournament championship. They received an at-large bid as the No. 1 seed in the Spokane region. They defeated Cal State Northridge and Villanova to advance to the Sweet Sixteen. There they defeated Texas A&M and Oregon to advance to the Final Four. After upsetting then-unbeaten Connecticut 91–89 in overtime in the Final Four, Notre Dame played Mississippi State in the national championship. The Irish edged the Bulldogs 61–58 by Arike Ogunbowale's three-pointer with 0.1 seconds left on the clock, capturing their second national title in 18 years. The Irish became the first team", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6956070", "chunk_text": "\"Notre Dame Fighting Irish women's basketball\"\n2014, 2015 and 2018), winning the National Championship twice in 2001 and 2018. The Irish won the title in 2001 by beating Purdue 68–66. The 2001 team was led by 6-foot-5 center and future WNBA star Ruth Riley. Under McGraw's stewardship, Notre Dame has made it to the Sweet Sixteen in each of the last nine seasons (2010–18), has won 20 or more games in 23 of the past 24 seasons, and has won 30 or more games in eight consecutive seasons (2011–18). She has led the Irish to 25 NCAA tournament appearances as of the end of the 2017–18", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15985625", "chunk_text": "\"2016 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\nhalves, following an NCAA rule change for women's basketball only that took effect in the 2015–16 season. Going into the game, UConn and Syracuse had met 49 times in women's basketball, mostly when both teams were in the Big East Conference, with UConn winning 37 games. The last game between the two teams was in 2013, the final season before the three-way split of the Big East, when the Huskies won 64–51 in the Big East semifinals. Following that season, Syracuse and two other Big East schools left for the ACC; the seven schools that did not sponsor Division I", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15985627", "chunk_text": "\"2016 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game\"\ncompared to Connecticut's 51.9 percent, and the Orange found themselves in a 50–23 hole at halftime. Syracuse scored 16 straight points to get within 60–43 with 2:02 left in the third quarter, but the Huskies went on a 22–8 run to end the game. The Championship Game was broadcast in the United States by ESPN. Beth Mowins was calling the play-by-play, with Doris Burke providing color commentary and Holly Rowe on the court. Kevin Negandhi served as the studio host. Kara Lawson and Rebecca Lobo served as studio commentators. The game was seen by 2.97 million viewers. Radio coverage in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17741614", "chunk_text": "\"Carolyn Peck\"\nits games by at least 10 points, including a 62–45 victory over Duke in the title game. Peck became the first African American to coach a women's Division I basketball national championship team; she has since been joined by Dawn Staley, who coached South Carolina to the 2017 National Championship. Peck was named Women’s Basketball Coach of the Year by the Associated Press, as well as becoming the first woman and the first African American to win the Winged Foot Award (which honored the best coach in college basketball) from the New York Athletic Club. Two weeks after guiding Purdue", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14287670", "chunk_text": "\"2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament\"\nSaturday/Monday\"\" \"\"Championship\"\" Westwood One had exclusive radio rights to the entire tournament. Teams participating in the Regional Finals, Final Four, and Championship were allowed to have their own local broadcasts, but they weren’t allowed to stream those broadcasts online. \"\"Regional Finals Sunday\"\" \"\"Final Four\"\" \"\"Regional Finals Monday\"\" \"\"Championship\"\" 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament The 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament began on March 16, 2018, and concluded with the national championship game on Sunday, April 1. The Final Four was played at Nationwide Arena in Columbus, Ohio. This is the third time that the women's Final Four", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5877990", "chunk_text": "\"2011 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament\"\nsemifinals, and championship match. \"\"First & Second Rounds Saturday/Monday\"\" \"\"Sweet Sixteen & Elite Eight Saturday/Monday\"\" \"\"Final Four\"\" \"\"First & Second Rounds Sunday/Tuesday\"\" \"\"Sweet Sixteen & Elite Eight Sunday/Tuesday\"\" \"\"Championship\"\" 2011 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament The 2011 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament began on March 19, 2011 and concluded on April 5, 2011. The Texas A&M Aggies won the championship, defeating the Notre Dame Fighting Irish 76–70 in the final held at Conseco Fieldhouse in Indianapolis. The tournament was also notable for a historic run by Gonzaga that ultimately ended in the final of the Spokane Region. With", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_369	what is the most popular religion in sweden?	n/a	[ "Lutheran", "Lutheran Church of Sweden", "Christianity" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19647371", "chunk_text": "\"Religion in Sweden\"\nSweden () is the largest Christian church in Sweden, and also the largest religious body. The church professes the Lutheran faith and is a member of the Porvoo Communion. As of 2017 it has 5,993,368 members, 59.3% of the Swedish population, although surveys show different figures, ranging from 24% to 41% to 52.1%. Until 2000 it held the position of state religion, and most Swedes were baptised at birth. The number of both new baptisms and members has declined since. Indeed, according to official statistics, as of 2016: The Church of Sweden, by law, is organized in the following manner:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20497829", "chunk_text": "\"Religion in Sweden\"\nReligion in Sweden Religion in Sweden is diversified. Christianity was the religion of virtually all of the Swedish population from the 12th to the early 20th century, but it has rapidly declined throughout the late 20th and early 21st century. In 2015, legally registered Christians comprised 69.9% of the total population. The Lutheran Church of Sweden — which was the state religion until 2000 — has a registered membership of 6.0 million Swedish citizens as of 2017, equal to 59.3% of the total population. One reason for the high membership might be the fact that until 1996 all newborns with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5248129", "chunk_text": "\"Religion in Sweden\"\ncommunities as well. Synagogues can be found in Stockholm (which has two Orthodox and one Conservative synagogue), Göteborg (one Orthodox and one Conservative synagogue), Malmö (one Orthodox synagogue), and in Norrköping (although the Norrköping community is too small to perform regular services). Religion in Sweden Religion in Sweden is diversified. Christianity was the religion of virtually all of the Swedish population from the 12th to the early 20th century, but it has rapidly declined throughout the late 20th and early 21st century. In 2015, legally registered Christians comprised 69.9% of the total population. The Lutheran Church of Sweden — which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2227438", "chunk_text": "\"Religion in Sweden\"\nremained the official religion of the Christian state until the turn of the 21st century. The 21st century brought with itself a rapid decline of Christianity overall, the disestablishment of the Church of Sweden, and the modest growth of other religions, often brought by waves of immigration from outside the country. These last include Islam, Catholicism, Orthodox Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism and other Eastern religions. Before the 11th century, Swedes practised Norse religion, worshipping a variety of Germanic deities. An important religious centre was the Temple at Uppsala. The shape and location of this temple is sparsely documented, but it is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17037601", "chunk_text": "\"Church of Sweden\"\nChurch of Sweden The Church of Sweden () is an Evangelical Lutheran national church in Sweden. A former state church, headquartered in Uppsala, with 6.0 million baptised members at year end 2017 it is the largest Christian denomination in Sweden. It is the largest Lutheran denomination in Europe and the third-largest in the world after the Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania. A member of the Porvoo Communion, the Church professes the Lutheran branch of Christianity. It is composed of thirteen dioceses, divided into parishes. It is an open national church which, working with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18476049", "chunk_text": "\"Religion in Sweden\"\n(\"\"Samfundet Forn Sed Sverige\"\") and the Community for Nordic Faith (\"\"Samfälligheten för Nordisk Sed\"\"). The Nordic Society of the Ese, despite being the most recently founded amongst the three (it was founded in 2013), has quickly grown to become the largest Heathen organization in Sweden. Islam entered Sweden primarily through immigration from countries with large Muslim populations (such as Bosnia and Herzegovina, Turkey, Iraq, Morocco, Iran, and Somalia ) in the late 20th century. The Baltic Tatars were the first Muslim group in modern Sweden. In 2009 it was estimated that there were 450,000 to 500,000 Muslims in Sweden, around", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2227461", "chunk_text": "\"Religion in Sweden\"\nOrthodox Church has several parishes in Sweden, under jurisdiction of Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Britain and Scandinavia. The Church of the Goths has a presence in Gotland. As of 2015, legally registered Eastern Orthodox Christians were 140,275 and they were the second-largest Christian sect in Sweden, comprising the 1.4% of the total population. A 2016 survey found that 3% of the working-age, internet connected population of Sweden declared to be Orthodox Christians. Germanic Heathenry, the contemporary continuation of ancient Germanic religion, is represented by various organizations, including the Nordic Society of the Ese (\"\"Nordiska Asa-samfundet\"\"), the Swedish Forn Sed Assembly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20497830", "chunk_text": "\"Religion in Sweden\"\nat least one parent being a member of the Church of Sweden were also registered as members of the church. Yet the membership is declining rapidly, about 1% each year, for the most recent years even 2%, falling from 95% in 1970 and 85% in 2000. Prior to their Christianisation that became complete around the 12th century, the Swedes practised forms of Norse religion. At first they became part of the Catholic Church; then, from the 1530s, Sweden switched to Lutheranism as part of the Protestant Reformation which converted most of Germanic Europe; the Church of Sweden was formed and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "633761", "chunk_text": "\"Religion in Sweden\"\n5% of the total population, while there were only 139,759 formally affiliated Muslims in 2015. As of 2016, 3% of the working-age, internet connected population of Sweden claimed to be believers in Islam. The Official Council of Swedish Jewish Communities estimates about 20,000 ethnic Jews in Sweden by halakhic criteria. Of them, about 8,302 were members of a Jewish religious congregation in 2015. Stockholm has the largest community and boasts a primary school, a kindergarten, a library, a bi-monthly publication (\"\"Judisk Krönika\"\") and a weekly Jewish radio program. Other cities like Malmö, Gothenburg, Borås, Helsingborg, Lund, and Uppsala have Jewish", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13379851", "chunk_text": "\"Demographics of Sweden\"\ncentury, immigrant communities brought other languages, among others being Persian, Serbo-Croatian, Arabic and Neo-Aramaic. The majority (66%) of the population belongs to the Church of Sweden, the Lutheran church that was disestablished in 2000. This is because until 1996, those who had family members in the church automatically became members at birth. Other Christian denominations in Sweden include the Roman Catholic Church (see Catholic Church of Sweden), several Orthodox churches in diaspora, Baptist, Pentecostal, Neo-pietistic (\"\"nyevangeliska\"\") and other evangelical Christian churches (\"\"frikyrkor\"\" = 'free churches'). Shamanism persisted among the Sami people up until the 18th century, but no longer exists", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17037634", "chunk_text": "\"Church of Sweden\"\nand the Baltic states. In 1995 full communion was achieved with the Philippine Independent Church. Since 2015, the Church of Sweden has also been in full communion with the Episcopal Church of the United States. In 2016, the Church of Sweden reached full communion with the Old Catholic churches within the Union of Utrecht. Church of Sweden The Church of Sweden () is an Evangelical Lutheran national church in Sweden. A former state church, headquartered in Uppsala, with 6.0 million baptised members at year end 2017 it is the largest Christian denomination in Sweden. It is the largest Lutheran denomination", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19647370", "chunk_text": "\"Religion in Sweden\"\n69.9% of the total population. Survey results are various, for example, according to a 2016 Ipsos survey, only 32% of the approximately 500 working-age, internet connected participants claimed to belong to Christianity, and among them 24% belong to Protestantism, 4% to Catholicism, 3% to Orthodox Christianity and 1% to the Jehovah's Witnesses. Another survey by the Pew Research Center found in Spring 2016 that 66.7% out of a sample of 1,000 Swedes claimed to be Christians. As of 2015, 6,601,113 people, or 67% of the total population, were registered members of the various Protestant denominations in Sweden. The Church of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4634232", "chunk_text": "Swedes\nsome scholars, the Gotlanders of this era hoarded more silver than the rest of the population of Scandinavia combined. St. Ansgar is usually credited for introducing Christianity in 829, but the new religion did not begin to fully replace paganism until the 12th century. During the 11th century, Christianity became the most prevalent religion, and from 1050 Sweden is counted as a Christian nation. The period between 1100 and 1400 was characterized by internal power struggles and competition among the Nordic kingdoms. Swedish kings also began to expand the Swedish-controlled territory in Finland, creating conflicts with the Rus who no", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19647373", "chunk_text": "\"Religion in Sweden\"\nMethodists and the Mission Covenant Church of Sweden merged in 2011 into a new denomination: the Uniting Church in Sweden. It is the largest member church in the Swedish Free Church Council, with approximately 65,000 members. One of the Baptist denominations, the Evangelical Free Church in Sweden, has remained an independent denomination outside this merger. Most Catholics in Sweden are of Slavic (especially Poles and Croats), South American or Middle Eastern (especially Assyrian) origin. As of 2015, legally registered Catholics in Sweden were 113,053, comprising 1.2% of the total population. According to Ipsos, in 2016 Catholic Church in Sweden account", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20497845", "chunk_text": "\"Religion in Sweden\"\nsurvey held among about 500 working-age, internet connected people in Sweden, only 24% of the participants claim to believe in Protestantism. 45% of the participants claim not to have any religious or spiritual belief, of whom 33% are atheists and 13% are agnostics. 13% say that they hold spiritual beliefs but they are not religious. Immigration and conversion has brought into Sweden a variety of religions from the East, including Islam (3%) and Buddhism (1%), but also new populations of Catholics (4%), and Orthodox Christianity (3%). Eight recognized religious denominations, in addition to the Church of Sweden, raise revenues through", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5083748", "chunk_text": "\"Irreligion in Sweden\"\nIrreligion in Sweden Sweden is one of the world's most secular and irreligious nations, partly because many Swedish people define themselves as irreligious but spiritual people. Phil Zuckerman, an Associate Professor of Sociology at Pitzer College, writes that several academic sources have in recent years placed atheism rates in Sweden between 46% and 85%, with one source reporting that only 17% of respondents self-identified as \"\"atheist\"\". A Gallup Poll in 2016 found that 18% of Swedes self report as atheist and 55% as non-religious. Sweden's official website asserts that just three out of 10 Swedes state that they have confidence", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13776547", "chunk_text": "Sweden\nchurch rituals. Leaving the Church of Sweden became legal with the so-called dissenter law of 1860, but only under the provision of entering another Christian denomination. The right to stand outside any religious denomination was formally established in the Law on Freedom of religion in 1951. In 2000, the Church of Sweden was disestablished. Sweden was the second Nordic country to disestablish its state church (after Finland did so in the Church Act of 1869). At the end of 2016, 61.2% of Swedes belonged to the Church of Sweden; this number has been decreasing by about 1.5 percentage points a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5083750", "chunk_text": "\"Irreligion in Sweden\"\nChurch of Sweden was formally separated from the state in 2000, leaving Sweden as \"\"the only Nordic country without a state church\"\". Irreligion in Sweden Sweden is one of the world's most secular and irreligious nations, partly because many Swedish people define themselves as irreligious but spiritual people. Phil Zuckerman, an Associate Professor of Sociology at Pitzer College, writes that several academic sources have in recent years placed atheism rates in Sweden between 46% and 85%, with one source reporting that only 17% of respondents self-identified as \"\"atheist\"\". A Gallup Poll in 2016 found that 18% of Swedes self report", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13379852", "chunk_text": "\"Demographics of Sweden\"\nin its traditional form as most Sami today belong to the Lutheran church. Jews were permitted to practice their religion in five Swedish cities in 1782, and have enjoyed full rights as citizens since 1870. The new Freedom of Religion Bill was passed in 1951, and former obstacles against Non-Lutherans working in schools and hospitals were removed. Further, that bill made it legal to leave any religious denomination, without entering another. There are also a number of Muslims, Buddhists, and Bahá'í in Sweden, mainly from immigration. Demographics of Sweden The demography of Sweden is monitored by Statistics Sweden (SCB). As", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14845851", "chunk_text": "\"Religion in Europe\"\nnational church, but it is no longer \"\"official\"\". In Sweden, the national church used to be Lutheranism, but it is no longer \"\"official\"\" since 2000. Azerbaijan, the Czech Republic, Germany, France, Ireland, Portugal, Serbia, Romania, Russia, Spain and Turkey are officially secular. Buddhism is thinly spread throughout Europe, and the fastest growing religion in recent years with about 3 million adherents. In Kalmykia, Tibetan Buddhism is prevalent. Hinduism mainly among Indian immigrants. Growing rapidly in recent years, notably in the United Kingdom, France, and the Netherlands. In 1998, there were an estimated 1.4 million Hindu adherents in Europe. Jainism, small", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16832580", "chunk_text": "\"Irreligion in Sweden\"\nin the church. The article lists the following facts about religion in Sweden: Statistics from the Church of Sweden states that: Many Swedes attend church due to traditional or cultural reasons, but are otherwise not practicing Christians. One poll found that only 15% of Church of Sweden members actually believe in Jesus. Relatedly, the Swedish government has passed several secular reforms over the years; a legal opt-out of the previously mandatory 1.1% church tax was allowed in 1951, automatic birthright membership in the Church of Sweden - the organization's enrollment practice since the 1850s - ended in 1996, and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7142228", "chunk_text": "\"Religion in Sweden\"\nfor 4% of the working-age, internet connected population, while the Pew Research Center found a percentage of 1.2% in April 2016. According to the \"\"2015 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses\"\", there are 22,730 active members in Sweden, and 36,270 people attended their annual memorial of Christ's death. This number includes active members and guests. As of 2016, 1% of the working-age, internet connected population of Sweden declared to be Jehovah's Witnesses. Multiple Orthodox jurisdictions exist in Sweden, including but not limited to the Greek and Serbian Orthodox Churches. There is also a substantial presence of Coptic and Ethiopian Christians. The Serbian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19454050", "chunk_text": "\"Religion in Sweden\"\nto government guidelines on core academic curriculum. The Office of the Ombudsman against Ethnic Discrimination investigates claims of discrimination \"\"due to race, skin color, national or ethnic origin, or religion\"\". Discrimination on religious grounds is illegal, including discrimination in the work place and in the provision of public and private services. In 2014, there were 4,812 formal affiliated Buddhists in Sweden, comprising 0.05% of the total population. A 2016 survey by Ipsos based on 500 working-age, internet connected Swedes, found that 1% of the respondents declared to be Buddhists. In 2015 there were 6,886,501 formal affiliated Christians in Sweden, comprising", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2081019", "chunk_text": "\"Islam in Sweden\"\nthat \"\"we do not think it unreasonable to put the figure of religious Muslims in Sweden at the time of writing at close to 150,000\"\". Professor Mohammad Fazlhashemi at Umeå University estimates \"\"a good 100,000\"\". About 25,000 are regarded as devout Muslims, visiting Friday prayers and practising daily prayers. Muslims in Sweden most often originate from Iraq, Iran, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo, the Iraqis being by far the largest group in 2015. They are followed by Muslim refugees from Syria and Somalia, two very rapidly growing groups. Two other groups, residing in Sweden for a decade longer, are people from Turkey", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5824799", "chunk_text": "\"History of Sweden (800–1521)\"\nAge, the people in what is now Sweden were primarily believers in Norse mythology, which dominated most of southern Scandinavia. Swedes had contact with Christianity from their early travels. Christian influence on burials can be traced to the late 8th century in some parts of Sweden. Additionally, Irish missionary monks were most likely active in some parts of Sweden, as demonstrated by Irish saints that were honored in the Middle Ages. Sweden is traditionally considered to be the last country out of Sweden, Denmark and Norway to adopt Christianity and held on to their pagan beliefs the longest, with rulers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19647366", "chunk_text": "\"Religion in Sweden\"\nfreedoms enumerated in the constitution include the rights to practice one's religion and protection of religious freedom. The laws concerning religious freedoms are generally observed and enforced at all government levels and by the courts in a non-discriminatory fashion. Legal protections cover discrimination or persecution by private actors. In the early 2000s about 85% of Swedes still belonged to the Church of Sweden. By the end of 2017, this figure had fallen to 59.3%. The percentage of Swedes belonging to the Church of Sweden is decreasing yearly by more than one percent. In the year 2016, according to an online", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3418822", "chunk_text": "Norway\nSeventh-day Adventists (5,100), Assyrians and Chaldeans, and others. The Swedish, Finnish and Icelandic Lutheran congregations in Norway have about 27,500 members in total. Other Christian denominations comprise less than 1% each, including 4,000 members in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and 12,000 Jehovah's Witnesses. Among non-Christian religions, Islam is the largest, with 132,135 registered members (2014), and probably fewer than 200,000 in total. It is practised mainly by Somali, Arab, Bosniak, Kurdish and Turkish immigrants, as well as Norwegians of Pakistani descent. Other religions comprise less than 1% each, including 819 adherents of Judaism. Indian immigrants introduced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13776549", "chunk_text": "Sweden\n92,000 Roman Catholics living in Sweden. The first Muslim congregation was established in 1949, when a small contingent of Tatars migrated from Finland. Islam's presence in Sweden remained marginal until the 1960s, when Sweden started to receive migrants from the Balkans and Turkey. Further immigration from North Africa and the Middle East have brought the estimated Muslim population to 600,000. However, only about 110,000 were members of a congregation around 2010. According to the Eurobarometer Poll 2010, According to a Demoskop study in 2015 about the beliefs of the Swedish showed that Sociology professor Phil Zuckerman claims that Swedes, despite", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14845848", "chunk_text": "\"Religion in Europe\"\nan impact larger than the number of its adherents. In Sweden, the \"\"Swedish Forn Sed Assembly\"\" (\"\"Forn Sed\"\", or the archaic \"\"Forn Siðr\"\", means \"\"Old Custom\"\") was formed in 1994 and is since 2007 recognized as a religious organization by the Swedish government. In Denmark \"\"Forn Siðr\"\" was formed in 1999, and was officially recognized in 2003 The Norwegian \"\"Åsatrufellesskapet Bifrost\"\" (Esetroth Fellowship Bifrost) was formed in 1996; as of 2011, the fellowship has some 300 members. \"\"Foreningen Forn Sed\"\" was formed in 1999, and has been recognized by the Norwegian government as a religious organization. In Spain there is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13776440", "chunk_text": "Sweden\nnew religion did not begin to fully replace paganism until the 12th century. During the 11th century, Christianity became the prevalent religion, and from 1050 Sweden is counted as a Christian nation. The period between 1100 and 1400 was characterised by internal power struggles and competition among the Nordic kingdoms. In the years 1150–1293 according to the legend of Eric IX and the \"\"Eric Chronicles\"\" Swedish kings made a first, second and third crusade to pagan Finland against Finns, Tavastians and Karelians and started conflicts with the Rus' who no longer had any connection with Sweden. The Swedish colonisation of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11500815", "chunk_text": "\"Religion in Finland\"\nReligion in Finland Finland is a predominantly Christian nation where some 73% of the 5.5 million overall population follow Christianity; the vast majority being members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland (Protestant), 26.3% are atheists, having no religious belief at all, and 1.6% follow other religions like Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, folk religion etc. There are presently two National churches (as opposed to State churches): the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland (Protestant), which is the primary state religion representing 70.9% of the population by the end of 2017, and the Finnish Orthodox Church, to which about 1.1 % of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5248114", "chunk_text": "\"Religion in Sweden\"\nBattle of Stångebro in 1598, in favour of Charles and Protestantism. During the era following the Protestant Reformation, usually known as the period of Lutheran Orthodoxy, small groups of non-Lutherans, especially Calvinist Dutchmen, the Moravian Church and Walloon immigrants from the Southern Netherlands, played a significant role in trade and industry, and were quietly tolerated as long as they kept a low profile. The Sami, who originally had their own shamanistic religion, were converted to Lutheranism by Swedish missionaries in the 17th and 18th centuries. Citizens of foreign nations, mainly Russians, were granted freedom to practice Eastern Orthodox Christianity since", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10017242", "chunk_text": "\"Swedish Pentecostal Movement\"\nSwedish Pentecostal Movement The Swedish Pentecostal Movement () is a Protestant community consisting of 463 congregations (as of 31 December 2011) which together make up the Swedish pentecostalism movement. Many, but not all, of these, are members of The Pentecostal Alliance of Independent Churches. The movement came to Sweden in 1906–1907. Pentecostalism is the largest non-Lutheran Christian denomination in Sweden. Regular church attendance is higher among Swedish Pentecostals than Swedish Lutherans of the Church of Sweden despite the significant difference in the number of members. The number of members in the movement reach to figures over 120,000 adherents. In order", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3147368", "chunk_text": "Christianity\nreligious groups. Christianity is the predominant religion in Europe, the Americas and Southern Africa. In Asia, it is the dominant religion in Georgia, Armenia, East Timor and the Philippines. However, it is declining in many areas including the Northern and Western United States, Oceania (Australia and New Zealand), northern Europe (including Great Britain, Scandinavia and other places), France, Germany, the Canadian provinces of Ontario, British Columbia and Quebec, and parts of Asia (especially the Middle East – due to the Christian emigration, South Korea, Taiwan, and Macau). The Christian population is not decreasing in Brazil, the Southern United States and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17037604", "chunk_text": "\"Church of Sweden\"\nunless their parents had actively cancelled their membership. Approximately 2% of the church's members regularly attend Sunday services. According to a Gallup poll conducted in 2009, 17% of the Swedish population considered religion as an important part of their daily life. King Gustav I Vasa instigated the Church of Sweden in 1536 during his reign as King of Sweden. This act separated the church from the Roman Catholic Church and its canon law. In 1571, the Swedish Church Ordinance became the first Swedish church order following the Reformation. The Church of Sweden became Lutheran at the Uppsala Synod in 1593", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4020218", "chunk_text": "\"Freedom of religion by country\"\nviolent incidents occurring in the 21st century. The prominence of antisemitism in Russia has decreased since its peak in the early 2000s. The constitution and other laws and policies protect religious freedom and, in practice, the government generally respected religious freedom. The Church of Sweden lost its position as the state church on 1 January 2000. Since then, 22 recognized religious denominations, in addition to the Church of Sweden, raise revenues through member-contributions made through the national tax system. All recognized denominations are entitled to direct government financial support, contributions made through the national tax system, or a mix of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17037603", "chunk_text": "\"Church of Sweden\"\nepiscopate is maintained in Sweden and the other Lutheran nations of the Porvoo Communion. The Church of Sweden is known for its liberal position in theological issues, particularly the question of homosexuality. When Eva Brunne was consecrated as Bishop of Stockholm in 2009, she became the first openly lesbian bishop in the world. Despite a significant yearly loss of members (lately 2% annually), its membership of 5,993,368 people accounts for 59.3% (yearend 2017) of the Swedish population. Until 2000 it held the position of state church. The high membership numbers are because until 1996 all newborn children were made members,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19759174", "chunk_text": "\"Nordic Asa-Community\"\nNordic Asa-Community The Nordic Asa-Community (Swedish: \"\"Nordiska Asa-samfundet\"\") is a Heathen religious organization founded in Sweden in 2014. It was officially recognised and registered by the government of Sweden in February 2016 and since then its membership has grown exponentially, becoming the largest Heathen organization in the country and outpacing older groups. The community asserts independence from any political party and ideology. The community is either folkish or universal minded. The community has the aims to make Ásatrú an official religion, gathering all Heathens in one body and re-embedding uprooted Swedes into their native historic-cultural tradition, and collect public funding", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19759175", "chunk_text": "\"Nordic Asa-Community\"\nfor the building of a temple. Nordic Asa-Community The Nordic Asa-Community (Swedish: \"\"Nordiska Asa-samfundet\"\") is a Heathen religious organization founded in Sweden in 2014. It was officially recognised and registered by the government of Sweden in February 2016 and since then its membership has grown exponentially, becoming the largest Heathen organization in the country and outpacing older groups. The community asserts independence from any political party and ideology. The community is either folkish or universal minded. The community has the aims to make Ásatrú an official religion, gathering all Heathens in one body and re-embedding uprooted Swedes into their native", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7917019", "chunk_text": "Sweden\nin secondary school studying English for at least another year. Most students also study one and sometimes two additional languages. These include (but are not limited to) German, French and Spanish. Some Danish and Norwegian is at times also taught as part of Swedish courses for native speakers. Because of the extensive mutual intelligibility between the three continental Scandinavian languages Swedish speakers often use their native language when visiting or living in Norway or Denmark. Before the 11th century, Swedes adhered to Norse paganism, worshiping Æsir gods, with its centre at the Temple in Uppsala. With Christianisation in the 11th", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2227451", "chunk_text": "\"Religion in Sweden\"\nreligion. In 1860 it became legal to leave the Church of Sweden for the purpose of becoming a member of another officially recognised religious denomination. From 1951, it became legal to leave the church, without providing any reason. From 1951 to 1977 all religious institutions could only be established with the permission of the Crown. The constitution of Sweden provides for freedom of religion, and the government generally respects this right in practice. The government at all levels seeks to protect this right in full and does not tolerate its abuse, either by governmental or private actors. The rights and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19093789", "chunk_text": "\"Western world\"\non major occasions, such as Christmas and Easter. In the Americas, Christianity continues to play an important societal role, though in areas such as Canada, low level of religiosity is common as a result of experiencing processes of secularization similar to European ones. The official religions of the United Kingdom and some Nordic countries are forms of Christianity, even though the majority of European countries have no official religion. Despite this, Christianity, in its different forms, remains the largest faith in most Western countries. Christianity remains the dominant religion in the \"\"Western world\"\", where 70% are Christians. A 2011 Pew", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2880222", "chunk_text": "Sweden\nwith a monarch as head of state, like its neighbour Norway. The capital city is Stockholm, which is also the most populous city in the country. Legislative power is vested in the 349-member unicameral \"\"Riksdag\"\". Executive power is exercised by the government chaired by the prime minister. Sweden is a unitary state, currently divided into 21 counties and 290 municipalities. An independent Swedish state emerged during the early 12th century. After the Black Death in the middle of the 14th century killed about a third of the Scandinavian population, the Hanseatic League threatened Scandinavia's culture, finances and languages. This led", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13776550", "chunk_text": "Sweden\na lack of belief in God, commonly question the term atheist, preferring to call themselves Christians while being content with remaining in the Church of Sweden. Healthcare in Sweden is similar in quality to other developed nations. Sweden ranks in the top five countries with respect to low infant mortality. It also ranks high in life expectancy and in safe drinking water. A person seeking care first contacts a clinic for a doctor's appointment, and may then be referred to a specialist by the clinic physician, who may in turn recommend either in-patient or out-patient treatment, or an elective care", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5248115", "chunk_text": "\"Religion in Sweden\"\nthe Treaty of Stolbovo in 1617. Anglican and Calvinist foreigners were granted freedom to practice their religions in Stockholm (1741) and Gothenburg (1747). Similar liberties were granted Catholics in 1781, and an apostolic vicar was sent to Sweden in 1783. In order to curb Pietism several royal decrees and parliament acts were issued in the 18th century; they forbade Swedish citizens to practice any religion besides mandatory Lutheran Sunday mass and daily family devotions. Without the presence of a Lutheran clergyman public religious gatherings were forbidden. It remained illegal until 1860 for Lutheran Swedes to convert to another confession or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13776545", "chunk_text": "Sweden\ncentury, the laws of the country changed, forbidding worship of other deities into the late 19th century. After the Protestant Reformation in the 1530s, a change led by Martin Luther's Swedish associate Olaus Petri, the authority of the Roman Catholic Church was abolished and Lutheranism became widespread. Adoption of Lutheranism was completed by the Uppsala Synod of 1593, and it became the official religion. During the era following the Reformation, usually known as the period of Lutheran orthodoxy, small groups of non-Lutherans, especially Calvinist Dutchmen, the Moravian Church and French Huguenots played a significant role in trade and industry, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4598210", "chunk_text": "\"Religion in Norway\"\nReligion in Norway Religion in Norway is mostly Lutheran Christianity, with 71.5% of the population belonging to the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Norway in 2016. The Catholic Church is the next largest Christian church at 2.9%. The unaffiliated make up 16.8% of the population. Islam is followed by 2.9% of the population. A bill passed in 2016 and effective as of 1 January 2017 created the Church of Norway as an independent legal entity. Until the 2012 constitutional amendment the Evangelical-Lutheran religion was the public religion of the State. The Church of Norway will still obtain financial support from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2081005", "chunk_text": "\"Islam in Sweden\"\nIslam in Sweden A 2014 report estimated there were 150,000 to 200,000 Muslims in Sweden practicing their religion regularly. The main driver of spreading Islam in Sweden is immigration since the late 1960s. Other sources set the figure at around 6% (almost 600,000) of the total Swedish population. A 2017 Pew Research report documents Muslim population at 8.1% of the total population of Sweden of 10 million (approximately 810,000). Archaeological findings have shown Viking contact with Islam dating back to the 7th–10th centuries, when the Vikings were trading with the medieval Islamic world. Pre-islamic Arabic coins originating from the Middle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18476045", "chunk_text": "\"Religion in Sweden\"\nThe 19th century saw the arrival of various evangelical free churches, and, towards the end of the century secularism, leading many to distance themselves from church rituals. Leaving the Church of Sweden became legal with the so-called Dissenter Law of 1860, but only under the provision of entering another denomination. The right to stand outside any religious denomination was established in the law on freedom of religion in 1951. Today, the Swedish Free Church Council () organizes free churches in Sweden, belonging to various Protestant denominations: Calvinist, Pentecostal, and others. In total the member churches have around 250,000 members. Baptists,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15307477", "chunk_text": "\"Religion in Finland\"\nnot accept church membership resignations sent via the Eroakirkosta.fi service. Religion in Finland Finland is a predominantly Christian nation where some 73% of the 5.5 million overall population follow Christianity; the vast majority being members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland (Protestant), 26.3% are atheists, having no religious belief at all, and 1.6% follow other religions like Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, folk religion etc. There are presently two National churches (as opposed to State churches): the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland (Protestant), which is the primary state religion representing 70.9% of the population by the end of 2017, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_370	who is the current defence against the dark arts teacher?	n/a	[ "Amycus Carrow" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "56050", "chunk_text": "\"Magic in Harry Potter\"\nextraordinarily high turnover of staff members—throughout the series no Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher has retained the post for more than one school year. Harry is exceptionally skilled in this subject. During the period the story takes place, the class is taught by Quirinus Quirrell (book one), Gilderoy Lockhart (book two), Remus Lupin (book three), Bartemius Crouch Jr impersonating Alastor \"\"Mad-eye\"\" Moody (book four), Dolores Umbridge (book five), Severus Snape (book six), and Amycus Carrow (book seven). Hagrid suggests in \"\"Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets\"\" that \"\"\"\"They're startin' ter think the job's jinxed. No one's lasted long", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "56049", "chunk_text": "\"Magic in Harry Potter\"\nout of thin air). It is possible to change inanimate objects into animate ones and vice versa—Minerva McGonagall, the class's teacher, transfigures her desk into a pig and back in \"\"Philosopher's Stone\"\". Defence Against the Dark Arts, commonly shortened to D.A.D.A., is the class that teaches students defensive techniques to defend against the Dark Arts, and to be protected from Dark creatures. In \"\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\"\", with Death-Eaters in charge of the school, the subject is renamed the Dark Arts, and involves pupils practicing the Cruciatus Curse on those who have earned detentions. The subject has an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20568274", "chunk_text": "\"Order of the Phoenix (fictional organisation)\"\nhe was Nymphadora Tonks' mentor, and still regards her as his protégée. In \"\"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire\"\", Moody is appointed as the new Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher at Hogwarts, coming out of retirement as a favour to Dumbledore. Shortly before the school year begins, however, Moody is attacked by Barty Crouch, Jr., who subdues him with the Imperius Curse and takes Polyjuice Potion to assume his appearance. He keeps the real Moody alive as a source both of Polyjuice potion ingredients and of personal information helpful in putting the impersonation over and takes Moody's place", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15911839", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\"\nhim and Dumbledore. At Hogwarts, Harry learns that Dolores Umbridge, a senior employee in the Ministry of Magic, will be the new Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher. Umbridge and Harry clash, as she, like Fudge, refuses to believe that Voldemort has returned. She punishes Harry for his rebellious outbursts by having him write \"\"I must not tell lies\"\" with a cursed quill that carves the phrase into his skin. She also refuses to teach her students how to perform defensive spells, prompting Harry, Ron and Hermione to form their own Defence Against the Dark Arts group (with students from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6555522", "chunk_text": "\"Hogwarts staff\"\nQuirrell is the Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher at Hogwarts during Harry's first year and secretly a follower of Lord Voldemort. Prior to his employment at Hogwarts, he is said by Hagrid to have had a \"\"brilliant mind\"\", and was a fine teacher while studying from books; some time before Harry's arrival at Hogwarts, \"\"he took a year off to get some first-hand experience\"\". Rowling stated in a live web chat on 30 July 2007 that Quirrell had worked at Hogwarts as Muggle Studies teacher for a certain length of time, before taking the cursed Defence Against the Dark", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19683831", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire\"\nWelfare). At Hogwarts, Professor Dumbledore announces that Alastor \"\"Mad-Eye\"\" Moody will be the Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher for the year, and also that Hogwarts will host the Triwizard Tournament, with a prize of one thousand gold Galleons. However, only those over 17—the age of majority in the wizarding world—will be allowed to enter. It is the first time in 202 years that the Triwizard Tournament will be held. Students from Beauxbatons Academy and the Durmstrang Institute, other wizarding academies, will travel to Hogwarts, where they will stay for the year, in hopes of competing. At Halloween, the Goblet", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19793736", "chunk_text": "\"Neville Longbottom (Fictional Character)\"\non the run to search for Voldemort's Horcruxes, Neville returned to Hogwarts, and, along with Ginny and Luna, restarted Dumbledore's Army. The D.A. opposed the new headmaster, Severus Snape, and the two new Death Eater professors, Alecto and Amycus Carrow, who taught anti-Mugglepropaganda and the Dark Arts. Neville got in trouble with the Carrows for refusing to practise the Cruciatus Curse on other students as a method of punishment, as well as for standing up against their bigotry and cruelty. The revived D.A. helped protect fellow students from being bullied by the Death Eater teachers, and generally rebelled against authority,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9365479", "chunk_text": "\"Death Eater\"\nas being squat and lumpy, with a lopsided leer and a wheezy giggle; Alecto is described as a \"\"stocky little woman\"\" and shares her brother's squatness and laugh. It is said that after Voldemort's first downfall, they believed that he was gone forever. In \"\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\"\", Alecto and Amycus become \"\"teachers\"\" at Hogwarts, severely disciplining students who oppose Voldemort. Amycus teaches Defence Against the Dark Arts, but as Neville Longbottom puts it, it becomes just \"\"The Dark Arts\"\" in which students are forced to perform the Cruciatus Curse against students who have been assigned to detention.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "204546", "chunk_text": "\"Dumbledore's Army\"\nto awake the world.\"\" Dumbledore's Army Dumbledore's Army (or D.A. for short) is a fictional student organisation in J. K. Rowling's \"\"Harry Potter\"\" series that is founded by the main characters, Harry Potter, Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger, to stand up against the regime of Hogwarts High Inquisitor Dolores Umbridge, as well as to learn practical Defence Against the Dark Arts. It was founded in the fifth book, \"\"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\"\". In \"\"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\"\", the new Defence Against the Dark Arts professor, Dolores Umbridge, chooses to teach only the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13393860", "chunk_text": "\"Dumbledore's Army\"\nDumbledore's Army Dumbledore's Army (or D.A. for short) is a fictional student organisation in J. K. Rowling's \"\"Harry Potter\"\" series that is founded by the main characters, Harry Potter, Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger, to stand up against the regime of Hogwarts High Inquisitor Dolores Umbridge, as well as to learn practical Defence Against the Dark Arts. It was founded in the fifth book, \"\"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\"\". In \"\"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\"\", the new Defence Against the Dark Arts professor, Dolores Umbridge, chooses to teach only the basic theoretical principles of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19569940", "chunk_text": "\"Ministry of Magic\"\n\"\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1\"\" and \"\"Part 2\"\", in which he is portrayed as being a Death Eater even before Scrimgeour's death; there is no mention of the Imperius Curse being used to secure his support. In \"\"Part 2\"\", Thicknesse is killed by Voldemort. Dolores Jane Umbridge was the Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher, the Senior Undersecretary to the Minister of Magic, and the main antagonist in \"\"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\"\". She is a short, squat woman described as resembling a large pale toad, with \"\"short, curly, mouse-brown hair\"\". She speaks", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15243348", "chunk_text": "\"Lesson of the Evil\"\nthe school, Hasumi attempts to cover up his actions by making it seem like he had been handcuffed and knocked out by Kume and making it look like he committed suicide afterwards with Hasumi's shotgun, but his plans are foiled due to one of the two surviving students pointing out to the police that the school's training defibrillator records audio and contains evidence of one of the murdered students speaking his murderer's name prior to being slain by Hasumi. However, Hasumi plans to use his recently learned knowledge of Norse mythology as his legal defence by suggesting his acts to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "716094", "chunk_text": "\"Ministry of Magic\"\nhad the Dementors attack Harry in an attempt to silence him from contradicting the Ministry's statement about Voldemort not returning from the dead. Umbridge is subsequently installed at Hogwarts as Defence Against the Dark Arts professor by order of the Ministry. Her teaching consists only of defensive magical theory, due to Fudge's paranoid fear that Dumbledore intends to use his students as an army to bring down the Ministry. She is soon appointed the first \"\"High Inquisitor\"\" of Hogwarts, in which she is given extraordinary powers over the students, teachers, and curriculum. She dismisses Sybill Trelawney as a teacher, though", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18334038", "chunk_text": "\"Di-Gata Defenders\"\nYan to protect the realm and its people from those who would use its sigil energy for evil. However, many Defenders over the years were killed in the line of duty and some defected over to the Order of Infinis. The current Defenders are Seth, Melosa, Erik, Rion, Adam and Kara and other notable Defenders were Rayald (killed by Malco), Formally Malco and the current Defenders' parents. Yin-tos Army - They were once allies of to the Wizards of Yan against the Ethos in the Battle of Yan-Suma, then a subgroup of the Order of Infinis forces. These are mercenaries", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6933566", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone\"\nbody and return to power. When the school's headmaster Albus Dumbledore is lured from Hogwarts under false pretences, Harry, Hermione and Ron fear that the theft is imminent and descend through the trapdoor themselves. They encounter a series of obstacles, each of which requires unique skills possessed by one of the three, and one of which requires Ron to sacrifice himself in a life-sized game of wizard's chess. In the final room, Harry, now alone, finds Quirinus Quirrell, the Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher, who had been the one working behind the scenes to kill Harry by first jinxing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13400568", "chunk_text": "\"Magical objects in Harry Potter\"\nwas but not how to work it. Snape later finds the map in Harry's possession and tries to force it to reveal its secrets, but the map merely mocks and insults him. Lupin (one of the creators of the map), the current Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher, is called upon to investigate this \"\"dark object\"\", and confiscates it to keep Harry safe, though he returns it to Harry after resigning his post at Hogwarts. From then on, the map becomes one of Harry's most useful tools in his ongoing adventures. At first glance, the Map is simply a blank", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3395342", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter (character)\"\nhave that experience. Most of us don't get that until a bit later in life. He's only just coming up to 15 and that's it now.\"\" In the fifth book, \"\"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\"\", the Ministry of Magic has been waging a smear campaign against Harry and Dumbledore, disputing their claims that Voldemort has returned. Harry is made to look like an attention-seeking liar, and Dumbledore a trouble-maker. A new character is introduced when the Ministry of Magic appoints Dolores Umbridge as the latest Hogwarts' Defence Against the Dark Arts instructor (and Ministry spy). Because the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19265656", "chunk_text": "\"Dark Congress\"\nbe their arbiter. The Sand demon Trabajo is reunited with his lover, Kandida, but the two have a short reunion when Kandida's heart is ripped out. Trabajo is about to accuse a few of the members of the Congress and attack them, which would send the Congress in chaos and start an inevitable apocalypse. Buffy must keep that from happening by finding Kandida's killers and bringing them before the Council before Trabajo has a chance at them. The suspects are; Haarmann, the ancient vampiress; Willow's new suspicious and very intimidating teacher, Catherine; and Malik a rogue \"\"Champion\"\" for The Powers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9517274", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter\"\nattempting to warn of Voldemort's return, the Ministry appoints Dolores Umbridge as the High Inquisitor of Hogwarts and the new Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher. She transforms the school into a dictatorial regime and refuses to allow the students to learn ways to defend themselves against dark magic. With Ron and Hermione's suggestion, Harry forms \"\"Dumbledore's Army\"\", a secret study group aimed to teach his classmates the higher-level skills of Defence Against the Dark Arts that he has learned from his previous encounters with Dark wizards. Through those lessons, Harry begins to develop a crush on the popular and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9365492", "chunk_text": "\"Death Eater\"\nprevents Greyback from attacking injured Lavender Brown, and a crystal ball thrown by Professor Trelawney stuns him. He rejoins the battle in time for the Death Eaters' last stand, when Ron Weasley and Neville Longbottom combine forces to take him down by magic. Dave Legeno portrayed Greyback in the film adaptation of \"\"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince\"\". He reprised the role in both parts of \"\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\"\". Igor Karkaroff (Cyrillic: Игорь Каркаров) is the Headmaster at Durmstrang Institute, one of the three schools (together with Hogwarts and Beauxbatons Academy) that enter the Triwizard Tournament. As", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9843282", "chunk_text": "\"Pooky Quesnel\"\nof \"\"Not Going Out\"\". She played the character of Olga Fitzgerald, Geography teacher and Headteacher Vaughn Fitzgerald's estranged wife in BBC's \"\"Waterloo Road\"\", in 2015. She currently plays a part in BBC's \"\"The A Word\"\", and the role of Dorothea Ames, Head teacher at Coal Hill Academy, in the BBC3 series \"\"Class\"\". In 2016 she provided the voice of Yuria of Londor in the video game Dark Souls III Quesnel practises kickboxing, tai chi, and flamenco dancing. In 2017, Quesnel won bronze at the British Counsel for Chinese Martial Arts (BCCMA) annual British Tai Chi Championships in the Open Weapon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15243345", "chunk_text": "\"Lesson of the Evil\"\nbe seen possessed by ex-partner in crime Dave, talking to him. As the students hear the bangs of the shotgun, Hasumi tricks most of the students by using the intercom to warn them of \"\"an intruder with a shotgun\"\" and orders the students to proceed to the roof - which he had locked access to beforehand - and wait until help arrives. With some of the students proceeding to the stairs to the roof, another group hide inside the art room, closing it off with fire shutters and barricading the entry points. One of the students, skilled archer Kakeru, manages", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4381206", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter\"\n– which are ostensibly protecting the school, he reaches out to Remus Lupin, a Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher who is eventually revealed to be a werewolf. Lupin teaches Harry defensive measures which are well above the level of magic generally executed by people his age. Harry comes to know that both Lupin and Black were best friends of his father and that Black was framed by their fourth friend, Peter Pettigrew, who had been hiding as Ron's pet rat, Scabbers. In this book, a recurring theme throughout the series is emphasised – in every book there is a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18243478", "chunk_text": "\"The School for Good and Evil\"\nwhich keeps so much his sustenance as his 'empire' alive, but under the strict condition that Sophie must be the one to deliver the killing blow. It can only be performed with the sword Excalibur that Tedros lost in the day of Rafal's return. They realize the Excalibur is being guarded in the School for Old Evil, and thus Agatha sets to recover the sword while Tedros, on Agatha's insistence, sets out to rescue Sophie and attempt to convince her to give up her marriage with Rafal. Aided by Sophie's former friends Hester, Anadil, Dot, and Hort, they manage to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19793720", "chunk_text": "\"Neville Longbottom (Fictional Character)\"\nanyone his results, he would suffer a serious accident. In 1994, Neville met up with Harry, Ron, and Hermione on the Hogwarts Express. He jealously listened to their recap of the Quidditch World Cup; his grandmother had not wanted to go, and did not purchase tickets. He was also awestruck by Ron's miniature figurine of Viktor Krum. In \"\"Mad-Eye\"\" Moody's first Defence Against the Dark Arts class, Neville was able to supply information about the Unforgivable Curses, in particular the Cruciatus Curse. When Moody demonstrated the curse on a spider, Neville was terrified; he gripped his desk so hard, his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18334032", "chunk_text": "\"Di-Gata Defenders\"\ndiscover a machine called the Celestial Abyss created by Filch to keep the Ethos out of Rados. They set out to find it only to discover that the wizards have scattered different pieces of it all over Rados. They find all of the pieces except for one, which is with Filch and Malco. Malco steals the rest of the pieces and Filch builds the machine. This unleashes the Ethos who reveal that Malco is possessed by one of them and they destroy him. The Defenders also receive a terrible blow as Rion gives in to his Ethonosian half. Adam turns", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "201319", "chunk_text": "\"Rubeus Hagrid\"\nrun into Fluffy whilst hiding from Peeves, who was attempting to give them away to caretaker Argus Filch, who was searching for them. On Halloween, Harry and Ron witness Snape entering the door to Fluffy’s chamber, and for the next few days having a pronounced limp. Harry also overhears him saying \"\"How are you meant to keep your eyes on all three heads at once?\"\" to Filch. However, it is later revealed that he followed then Hogwarts Defence Against the Dark Arts professor Quirinus Quirrell into the chamber. While Fluffy is guarding the Philosopher’s Stone, Professor Quirrell penetrates Fluffy’s defences", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "418712", "chunk_text": "\"Hermione Granger\"\nand a few female students of Hogwarts) develops a liking for Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher Gilderoy Lockhart as he had written all the books required for the subject of Defence Against The Dark Arts in \"\"Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets\"\". During a morning confrontation between the Gryffindor and Slytherin Quidditch teams, a brawl nearly ensues after Draco Malfoy calls her a \"\"Mudblood\"\", an insulting epithet for Muggle-born wizards when she defends the Gryffindor Quidditch team. She concocts the Polyjuice Potion needed for the trio to disguise themselves as Draco's housemates to collect information about the Heir", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8528970", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)\"\nis already asleep. They get past Fluffy and face a series of safeguards. These include surviving a deadly plant known as Devil's Snare, a room filled with aggressive flying keys which bruises Harry, and a dangerous life-sized game of chess that nearly kills Ron. After getting past the tasks, Harry discovers that it was Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher Professor Quirrell who was trying to claim the stone, and that Snape was actually protecting Harry all along. Quirrell removes his turban and reveals a weak Voldemort to be living on the back of his head. Through an enchantment placed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9365483", "chunk_text": "\"Death Eater\"\nnews reaches Voldemort, who rescues Crouch Jr. and puts Crouch Sr. under the Imperius Curse. Crouch Jr. then imprisons Alastor \"\"Mad-Eye\"\" Moody, a famous auror, and using Polyjuice Potion, assumes Moody's appearance and position to infiltrate Hogwarts as the new Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher. Despite not being a real teacher, Crouch Jr. does a fair job and the class learns vast amounts from him. Crouch Sr. escapes and, exhausted and delirious from the Imperius Curse, reaches Hogwarts to tell Dumbledore about Voldemort's return; but his loyal Death-Eater son murders him on the castle grounds, transfigures the body into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3652137", "chunk_text": "\"Albus Dumbledore\"\nthe Dark Arts teacher (after Dumbledore failed to find a suitable candidate). Through her, Fudge gradually gains power over Hogwarts and Dumbledore, who he fears is building an under-age wizard army to overthrow the Ministry. Umbridge forbids practical defence practice in her classes, forcing Harry, Ron, and Hermione to form Dumbledore's Army (a defence group led by Harry) with fellow friends. It is when the Ministry discovers the D.A. that Dumbledore, choosing to accept the responsibility, falsely claims that the organisation was his own subversive creation, and allows himself to be removed as headmaster (for the second time) rather than", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4381208", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter\"\nthemselves from him. Harry is guided through the tournament by their new Defence Against the Dark Arts professor, Alastor \"\"Mad-Eye\"\" Moody, who turns out to be an impostor – one of Voldemort's supporters named Barty Crouch, Jr. in disguise. The point at which the mystery is unravelled marks the series' shift from foreboding and uncertainty into open conflict. Voldemort's plan to have Crouch use the tournament to bring Harry to Voldemort succeeds. Although Harry manages to escape, Cedric Diggory, the other Hogwarts champion in the tournament, is killed by Peter Pettigrew and Voldemort re-enters the Wizarding World with a physical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "204509", "chunk_text": "\"Dumbledore's Army\"\nhopeless resistance against the all-powerful Voldemort, clandestinely helped by Snape - in this reality still alive and still teaching at Hogwarts. Eventually, these remnants of the D.A. sacrifice themselves to cover the escape of Scorpius Malfoy and let him restore the timeline where Harry wins. Lavender Brown is a Gryffindor student in Harry's year. She is a close friend of housemate Parvati Patil, and the two also seem to have a reasonably close relationship with Professor Trelawney, comforting and supporting her in her various crises. In \"\"Order of the Phoenix\"\", she initially believes the Ministry's smear campaign against Harry, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12480240", "chunk_text": "\"Mana Khemia 2: Fall of Alchemy\"\nShe proposed to start a new class; 'Combat Class' (戦闘技術 \"\"sentou gijitsu\"\") so that more students will enroll in the school to boost the school's finance. But her main goal is to remove alchemy from the school's syllabus stating that \"\"it's a waste of money\"\" (a rough translation). Al-Revis Academy's principal, Zeppel (of the previous game), was a little too weak-willed to stop her and he seeks Flay (also from the first Mana Khemia) to help and appoints Flay as the classroom teacher for the new class, which Raze and Etward enroll in. Tony (the third recurring character from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1354936", "chunk_text": "\"Hogwarts staff\"\nknown as 'Flitwick'.\"\" Flitwick was born on 17 October, but the year of his birth is never mentioned in the books or films. Gilderoy Lockhart was a Ravenclaw student who was a histrionic wizarding celebrity who has written many books on his exciting adventures encountering dark creatures. In \"\"Chamber of Secrets\"\", Lockhart is appointed as Hogwarts' new Defence Against the Dark Arts instructor. He is unpopular with most of the staff, particularly Professor Snape. However, he is greatly admired by many others, particularly witches (including Hermione and the Weasley mother Molly Weasley) who find him attractive. Harry dislikes Lockhart for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4381203", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter\"\nVoldemort's orders and unconsciously opens the \"\"Chamber of Secrets\"\", unleashing an ancient monster, later revealed to be a basilisk, which begins attacking students at Hogwarts. It kills those who make direct eye contact with it and petrifies those who look at it indirectly. The book also introduces a new Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher, Gilderoy Lockhart, a highly cheerful, self-conceited wizard with a pretentious facade, later turning out to be a fraud. Harry discovers that prejudice exists in the Wizarding World through delving into the school's history, and learns that Voldemort's reign of terror was often directed at wizards", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1943", "chunk_text": "\"Mr Majeika\"\nfirst appeared as a music teacher and has turned up regularly since in various disguises. In the television series, Mr Majeika is an irrepressible wizard, sent to \"\"Britland\"\" from the planet Walpurgis because he had failed his O-level sorcery exam for the seventeenth time. He drops into the sleepy village of Much Barty, finding a post at St Barty's School as Class Three's new form-teacher, where he quickly befriends two of the children, Melanie Brace-Girdle and Thomas Grey. Both of these characters are also in the books, but Melanie is a much less important and very different type of character", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20727197", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban\"\nthe Minister for Magic, who asks Harry to stay in Diagon Alley for the remaining three weeks before the start of the school year at Hogwarts. The night before Harry is expected to leave for Hogwarts, he learns from Arthur Weasley that Sirius Black is a convicted murderer in the wizarding world, and he warns Harry that it is believed Black will attempt to murder Harry next. On the way to Hogwarts a Dementor boards the train, causing Harry to faint. Following the incident, Harry is helped by the new Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher Remus Lupin. Harry, Ron,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16917907", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter\"\nexplore the magical world, the reader is introduced to many of the primary locations used throughout the series. Harry meets most of the main characters and gains his two closest friends: Ron Weasley, a fun-loving member of an ancient, large, happy, but poor wizarding family, and Hermione Granger, a gifted, bright, and hardworking witch of non-magical parentage. Harry also encounters the school's potions master, Severus Snape, who displays a conspicuously deep and abiding dislike for him, the rich brat Draco Malfoy whom he quickly makes enemies with, and the Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher, Quirinus Quirrell, who later turns", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15341355", "chunk_text": "\"Professor Layton vs. Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney\"\nbakers. When Espella is accused of witchcraft, she calls on Phoenix to defend her; he successfully disproves the charges, and he and Maya overcome their brainwashing. As the four continue to investigate, Layton is attacked by a witch and turned into a gold statue. Maya is accused of the attack and the murder of alchemist Newton Belduke, but Phoenix proves that Belduke committed suicide and Maya did not attack Layton. He also learns that Espella is the Storyteller's daughter. Belduke's butler is outed as a witch; Espella confesses to being Bezella so she will not be executed. Maya rescues Espella,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7978471", "chunk_text": "\"Guardians of the Flame\"\nand a gamemaster. It is eventually revealed that he is an insanely powerful (and possibly powerfully insane) wizard who wants to use the students to achieve his plan. In particular, he has left a sword that stops all spells for Karl’s son in an effort to kill his enemy, Wizards Grandmaster Lucius. He does seem to legitimately care for the students, displayed in particular when sobbing as he realizes that Karl Cullinane is dead. Wizards Grandmaster Lucius is possibly the greatest wizard in the entirety of the Eren region. While he is never shown in the books, Lucius is mentioned", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3373046", "chunk_text": "\"Bartimaeus Sequence\"\nNouda and the others, other than John Mandrake. She was considered to be possibly the most powerful magician in the government at the time of the series by John Mandrake. In \"\"The Amulet of Samarkand\"\", it is said that she destroyed a marid (the most powerful type of spirit summoned by magicians) by herself without the help of her own spirit. Throughout the series, she is shown to be very professional, strict, as well as above all, powerful. Whitwell was Nathaniel' s teacher though their relationship dwindles to a rivalry. Whitwell is the only magician to choose death over becoming", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6353006", "chunk_text": "Hogwarts\nhe is detected using magic in the presence of Muggles, a serious offence among the wizarding community. Dumbledore argued in Harry's defence, stating that it was done in self-defence, and that the Ministry has no authority to expel students – such powers are invested in the Headmaster and the Board of Governors. Snape has attempted to have Harry expelled, and he attempted to have Harry's father, James Potter, expelled when they were at Hogwarts together. The only student known to have been expelled is Hagrid, for the murder of Myrtle with an acromantula believed to be the Monster of Slytherin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5128852", "chunk_text": "\"Doctrine of Labyrinths\"\nFelix. Mildmay's former thief-keeper, lover, and trainer in the art of assassination. He escaped her at around age 17-18, but memories of her continue to haunt his nightmares. Wizard, formerly of the Eusebian School in the Bastion. After defecting to the Mirador, converted to the Cabaline School. One-time friend of Felix, and enemy of Gideon Thraxios. A cade-skiff, or river-dragger, and best friend of Mildmay the Fox. Younger half-brother of Stephen and Victoria, and lover of Felix; however, their relationship was severed after Felix's ignominious past as a teenage whore was revealed to the court. Lord Protector of Marathat, succeeding", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19527783", "chunk_text": "\"Mana Khemia: Alchemists of Al-Revis\"\na Mana in cat form named Sulpher. Vayne is invited to the Al-Revis Academy for alchemy training by Zeppel, one of the professors. He is quickly indoctrinated into the school by becoming part of an atelier led by Flay Gunnar (an older student who is known as The Defender of Justice) along with two other students, Jess (a clumsy girl who is nevertheless adept at alchemy), and Nikki (an impulsive beastgirl). They are soon joined by Pamela (the school's resident ghost), Anna (an 11-year-old master swordsman), Roxis (the son of a famous family of alchemists who is quickly forced to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14837151", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film)\"\nwhich informs Harry that the Ministry is oblivious to Lord Voldemort's return. At the Order's headquarters, Sirius mentions that Voldemort is after a special object he did not have during his previous attack. Back at Hogwarts for his fifth year, Harry learns that Minister of Magic Cornelius Fudge has appointed a new Defence Against the Dark Arts professor: Dolores Umbridge. Umbridge immediately clashes with Harry, and punishes him for his \"\"lies\"\" by forcing him to write a message with a magic quill, scarring his hand. Despite the concern of his best friends Hermione Granger and Ron Weasley, Harry refuses to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15341352", "chunk_text": "\"Professor Layton vs. Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney\"\nevery week until the start of September. In North America, content was released regularly over the course of six weeks beginning on the game's release date. The downloadable story episodes, which are considered non-canon and frequently break the fourth wall, take place one year after the events of the game and feature Layton, Luke, Phoenix, and Maya returning to Labyrinthia for a visit. In London, a woman named Espella Cantabella is chased by a mysterious force and seeks the aid of Professor Hershel Layton and his apprentice, Luke Triton. The three are attacked by what appears to be witches; Espella", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20269112", "chunk_text": "\"Shadow Kiss\"\n\"\"Strigoi\"\" (their Dhampir teachers). Rose is positive that she will be paired with Lissa, but instead is paired with Christian Ozera, while Eddie Castile (Mason's best friend) is paired with Lissa. Rose complains to her teachers, but ultimately resigns herself to guarding Christian. During the first attack on Christian, Rose sees Mason's ghost and freezes - and is accused of being a sore loser by her teachers. In a sudden twist, Christian is the only person who truly believes that Rose didn't screw up on purpose. Meanwhile, Rose overhears that Victor Dashkov's trial is coming soon - and that she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15321926", "chunk_text": "\"Death Eater\"\nseries, Snape is a teacher who is hostile from the start toward Harry and is built up to be the primary antagonist until the final chapters. As the series progresses, Snape's portrayal evolves from that of a malicious and partisan teacher to that of a complex, pivotal character of moral ambiguity, whose true loyalties are not revealed until the end. Snape is, as revealed in \"\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\"\", actually a spy in Voldemort's ranks for Dumbledore. Corban Yaxley is the brutal-faced Death Eater who is present in the battle in which Snape killed Dumbledore. He is one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17203542", "chunk_text": "\"Could It Be... Satan?\"\nthe Supreme Witch, Cordelia. Ariel visits Langdon in jail, explaining that he was defending his caretaker from a callous butcher. Ariel releases Langdon from his cell and they leave for the school. Upon arrival, Ariel explains that it is underground because the original house above was destroyed by angry neighbors unhappy with the school's purpose revealed in the wake of Cordelia's \"\"outing\"\" the magical community three years prior. Ariel introduces him to the other students, telling them that they should make him feel as if this is his new, true home. One month later, the instructors are evaluating Langdon's power", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_371	who decides where the super bowl is played?	n/a	[ "The NFL owners", "NFL owners", "the NFL" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8767192", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl\"\nweekend is less than 100, not statistically higher than any other time of the year, and that the notion of mass increases in human trafficking around the Super Bowl was a politician's myth. The location of the Super Bowl is chosen by the NFL well in advance, usually three to five years before the game. Cities place bids to host a Super Bowl and are evaluated in terms of stadium renovation and their ability to host. In 2014, a document listing the specific requirements of Super Bowl hosts was leaked, giving a clear list of what was required for a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "204148", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl\"\nSuper Bowl host. Much of the cost of the Super Bowl is to be assumed by the host community, although some costs are enumerated within the requirements to be assumed by the NFL. Some of the host requirements include: The NFL owners meet to make a selection on the site, usually three to five years prior to the event. In 2007, NFL commissioner Roger Goodell suggested that a Super Bowl might be played in London, perhaps at Wembley Stadium. The game has never been played in a region that lacks an NFL franchise; seven Super Bowls have been played in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5064247", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LVII\"\nFox. A new process was introduced to select hosting sites for the Super Bowl, which began with Super Bowl LVI. The previous process that allowed teams to submit bids for the hosting rights was discarded. In its place, the league unilaterally chooses a single hosting site for each game, not allowing other teams to bid; the chosen team then puts together a proposal that is voted upon at the league's owner's meetings. Arizona was the first team chosen under this process; its proposal was accepted unanimously on May 23, 2018. Super Bowl LVII will be broadcast by Fox, as part", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "204091", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl\"\nSuper Bowl The Super Bowl is the annual championship game of the National Football League (NFL). The game is the culmination of a regular season that begins in the late summer of the previous calendar year. Normally, Roman numerals are used to identify each game, rather than the year in which it is held. For example, Super Bowl I was played on January 15, 1967, following the 1966 regular season. The sole exception to this naming convention tradition occurred with Super Bowl 50, which was played on February 7, 2016, following the 2015 regular season, and the following year, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8767201", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl\"\npart of the NFL International Series and is specifically designed for large, individual events. NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell has openly discussed the possibility on different occasions. Time zone complications are a significant obstacle to a Super Bowl in London; a typical 6:30 p.m. Eastern Time start would result in the game beginning at 11:30 p.m. local time in London, an unusually late hour to be holding spectator sports (the NFL has never in its history started a game later than 9:15 p.m. local time). As bids have been submitted for all Super Bowls through Super Bowl LVIII, the soonest that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8767148", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl\"\nwhich consists of the opening weekend of the season being held immediately after Labor Day (the first Monday in September), the 17-week regular season (where teams each play 16 games and have one bye), the first three rounds of the playoffs, and the Super Bowl two weeks after the two Conference Championship Games, which is the next week after the Pro Bowl. This schedule has been in effect since Super Bowl XXXVIII in February 2004. The date of the Super Bowl can thus be determined from the date of the preceding Labor Day. For example, Labor Day in 2015 occurred", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11376202", "chunk_text": "\"National Football League\"\nprofessional sports league in the world and is the most popular sports league in the United States. The Super Bowl is among the biggest club sporting events in the world and individual Super Bowl games account for many of the most watched television programs in American history, all occupying the Nielsen's Top 5 tally of the all-time most watched U.S. television broadcasts by 2015. The NFL's executive officer is the commissioner, who has broad authority in governing the league. The players in the league belong to the National Football League Players Association. The team with the most NFL championships is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9389538", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LV\"\nthe Super Bowl is in the same state in back to back years with Super Bowl LIV taking place at Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida. On May 19, 2015, the league announced the five finalists that will compete to host Super Bowl LIII in 2019 and Super Bowl LIV in 2020. NFL owners voted on these cities in May 2016, with the first round of voting determining who will host Super Bowl LIII, the second round deciding the site for Super Bowl LIV; and in a development not known in advance, a third round of voting was added", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16032894", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII\"\nSuper Bowl LII Super Bowl LII was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2017 season. The National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles defeated the American Football Conference (AFC) and defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots, 41–33, to win their first Super Bowl and their first NFL title since 1960. The game was played on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. This was the second time that a Super Bowl was played in Minneapolis, the northernmost city to ever host the event, after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "204160", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl\"\nsporting events cannot show the Super Bowl on any television screen larger than 55 inches. Some critics say the NFL is exaggerating its ownership rights by stating that \"\"any use is prohibited\"\", as this contradicts the broad doctrine of fair use in the United States. Legislation was proposed by Utah Senator Orrin Hatch in 2008 \"\"to provide an exemption from exclusive rights in copyright for certain nonprofit organizations to display live football games\"\", and \"\"for other purposes\"\". In 2004, the NFL started issuing Cease and Desist letters to casinos in Las Vegas that were hosting Super Bowl parties. \"\"Super Bowl\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18207988", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl Most Valuable Player Award\"\nSuper Bowl Most Valuable Player Award The Super Bowl Most Valuable Player Award, or Super Bowl MVP, is presented annually to the most valuable player of the Super Bowl, the National Football League's (NFL) championship game. The winner is chosen by a fan vote during the game and by a panel of 16 football writers and broadcasters who vote after the game. The media panel's ballots count for 80 percent of the vote tally, while the viewers' ballots make up the other 20 percent. The game's viewing audience can vote on the Internet or by using cellular phones; Super Bowl", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "204092", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl\"\nnomenclature returned to Roman numerals for Super Bowl LI, following the 2016 regular season. The most recent Super Bowl was Super Bowl LII, on February 4, 2018, following the 2017 regular season. The game was created as a part of a merger agreement between the NFL and its then-rival league, the American Football League (AFL). It was agreed that the two leagues' champion teams would play in the AFL–NFL World Championship Game until the merger was to officially begin in 1970. After the merger, each league was redesignated as a \"\"conference\"\", and the game has since been played between the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20984773", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LI\"\nthe third quarter, the Falcons' chances of winning were estimated at 99.8%. Sources: The Football Database Super Bowl LI Completions/attempts<br>Carries<br>Long gain<br>Receptions<br>Times targeted Super Bowl LI had eight officials. The numbers in parentheses below indicate their uniform numbers. Super Bowl LI Super Bowl LI was an American football game played at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas, on February 5, 2017, to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2016 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots, after trailing by as many as 25 points (28–3) during the third quarter, defeated the National Football Conference", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11376216", "chunk_text": "\"National Football League\"\nThe commissioner is elected by affirmative vote of two-thirds or 18 (whichever is greater) of the members of the league, while the president of each conference is elected by an affirmative vote of three-fourths or ten of the conference members. The commissioner appoints the secretary and treasurer and has broad authority in disputes between clubs, players, coaches, and employees. He is the \"\"principal executive officer\"\" of the NFL and also has authority in hiring league employees, negotiating television contracts, disciplining individuals that own part or all of an NFL team, clubs, or employed individuals of an NFL club if they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4528886", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LIII\"\n2021. NFL owners voted on these cities on May 24, 2016, with the first round of voting determining the host for Super Bowl LIII, the second round deciding a different site for Super Bowl LIV, and the third round deciding the site for Super Bowl LV. The four finalists for Super Bowl LIII, all in the Southeastern United States, were: After three votes, Atlanta was awarded Super Bowl LIII at the NFL owners' meeting on May 24, 2016. The losing candidates, except for New Orleans which removed itself from the voting for all games except Super Bowl LIII due to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "751311", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LVI\"\nSuper Bowl LIV, and Los Angeles (who declined to bid on Super Bowl LIV and was not eligible for Super Bowl LIII) was granted Super Bowl LV. On May 18, 2017, authorities announced that the stadium opening, originally scheduled for the start of the 2019 season, had been delayed an additional year to 2020. At the league's owners meetings in Chicago on May 23, 2017, the league re-awarded Super Bowl LV to the lone remaining candidate, Tampa Bay, and awarded Super Bowl LVI to Los Angeles. Super Bowl LVI will be broadcast by CBS, as part of the annual cycle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11829914", "chunk_text": "\"Playoff format\"\nadvantage to lose the middle three games, which has only happened thrice). In NHL's Stanley Cup Finals, NBA Finals, and MLB's World Series, the teams with the higher regular season record receives the home advantage. The NFL's Super Bowl is held at a predetermined site regardless of which teams reach the game, which usually means there is no home advantage but it is still possible for the host city's team to play in the Super Bowl. Until 2016, In MLB's World Series, the team that came from the league that won the All-Star Game is awarded with the home field", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19495098", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LI\"\nSuper Bowl LI Super Bowl LI was an American football game played at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas, on February 5, 2017, to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2016 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots, after trailing by as many as 25 points (28–3) during the third quarter, defeated the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Atlanta Falcons, 34–28 in overtime. The Patriots' 25-point comeback is the largest comeback in Super Bowl history, and Super Bowl LI was the first final to be decided in overtime. The Patriots' victory was their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "204163", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl\"\nkind. The practice by the U.S. major leagues of using the \"\"World Champion\"\" moniker originates from the World Series of professional baseball, and it was later used during the first three Super Bowls when they were referred to as AFL-NFL World Championship Games. The phrase is still engraved on the Super Bowl rings. Super Bowl The Super Bowl is the annual championship game of the National Football League (NFL). The game is the culmination of a regular season that begins in the late summer of the previous calendar year. Normally, Roman numerals are used to identify each game, rather than", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20153727", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LVI\"\nSuper Bowl LVI Super Bowl LVI, the 56th Super Bowl and the 52nd modern-era National Football League (NFL) championship game, will decide the league champion for the 2021 season. The game is scheduled to be played on February 6, 2022 at Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park in Inglewood, California (with the exact date pending potential changes to the NFL calendar). It will be the eighth Super Bowl hosted by the Greater Los Angeles Area, with the last one being Super Bowl XXVII in 1993, held at the Rose Bowl, and the first in the City of Inglewood. The game", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18223867", "chunk_text": "\"Jim Steeg\"\nhe was in charge of all of the financial and business aspects concerning the club. He additionally oversaw the operations of the NASL's Miami Toros/Fort Lauderdale Strikers. Jim Steeg Jim Steeg (born November 29, 1950, in Boston, Massachusetts) is an American sports executive. He is considered the one individual who is responsible for growing the Super Bowl into the most popular one-day sporting event. Steeg is a sports business, stadium and events consultant, advising companies on a variety of subjects. Included among the companies and entities he has worked and consulted with are the National Hockey League (NHL), the Pac-12", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "204149", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl\"\nLos Angeles, but none were held there in the 21-year period when the league had no team in the area. New Orleans, the site of the 2013 Super Bowl, invested more than $1 billion in infrastructure improvements in the years leading up to the game. Through Super Bowl LVI, teams were allowed to bid for the rights to host Super Bowls. The league rescinded this privilege in 2018 and will make all decisions regarding hosting sites from Super Bowl LVII onward; the league will choose a potential venue unilaterally, the chosen team will put together a hosting proposal, and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11376221", "chunk_text": "\"National Football League\"\nhost professional football games inside its Home Territory and the exclusive right to advertise, promote, and host events in its Home Marketing Area. There are several exceptions to this rule, mostly relating to teams with close proximity to each other: the San Francisco 49ers and Oakland Raiders only have exclusive rights in their cities and share rights outside of it; and teams that operate in the same city (e.g. New York City and Los Angeles) or the same state (e.g. California, Florida, and Texas) share the rights to the city's Home Territory and the state's Home Marketing Area, respectively. Every", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1369229", "chunk_text": "\"NFC Championship Game\"\nNFC Championship Game The NFC Championship Game (also unofficially referred to as the NFC Title Game) is one of the two semi-final playoff games of the National Football League (NFL), the largest professional American football league in the United States. The game is played on the penultimate Sunday in January and determines the champion of the National Football Conference (NFC). The winner then advances to face the winner of the American Football Conference (AFC) Championship Game in the Super Bowl. The game was established as part of the 1970 merger between the NFL and the American Football League (AFL), with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17075389", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LIV\"\nat Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. On May 24, 2016, Atlanta was chosen to host Super Bowl LIII, thereby making it ineligible to host Super Bowl LIV. Meanwhile, Los Angeles removed itself from the running for Super Bowl LIV; it was awarded rights to Super Bowl LV shortly thereafter. However, a year later, on May 23, 2017, NFL owners opted to instead award Super Bowl LV to Tampa and give Super Bowl LVI to Los Angeles after it was announced that Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park would open in 2020 due to construction delays. The two remaining finalists for Super", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15318652", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIX\"\nviewers, with it reaching to 118.5 million during the Super Bowl XLIX halftime show featuring Katy Perry, and then peaking to 120.8 million during New England's fourth-quarter comeback. NFL owners initially voted in November 2005 to award a Super Bowl to Kansas City, Missouri, in honor of Chiefs owner Lamar Hunt, the founder of the American Football League (AFL) in the 1960s who helped engineer the annual game. Then-NFL Commissioner Paul Tagliabue further announced on March 5, 2006, that Kansas City would host Super Bowl XLIX. However, the game was contingent on the successful passage of two sales taxes in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3621888", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII\"\nOctober 8, 2013, the league announced that three venues would vie to host Super Bowl LII: On May 20, 2014, the league's owners picked Minneapolis at their meeting in Atlanta, Georgia. The NFC was represented by the number-one playoff seed Philadelphia Eagles, while the AFC was represented by the number-one playoff seed New England Patriots, marking the fourth time in the previous five years that the Super Bowl had featured the top team from each conference. The Eagles finished the regular season with a record of 13–3, the same as New England, Minnesota, and Pittsburgh, but the various tie-breaking provisions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12170312", "chunk_text": "\"AFC Championship Game\"\nAFC Championship Game The AFC Championship Game is one of the two semi-final playoff games of the National Football League (NFL), the largest professional American football league in the United States. The game is played on the penultimate Sunday in January and determines the champion of the American Football Conference (AFC). The winner then advances to face the winner of the National Football Conference (NFC) Championship Game in the Super Bowl. The game was established as part of the 1970 merger between the NFL and the American Football League (AFL), with the merged league realigning into two conferences. Since 1984,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8767173", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl\"\nthe Super Bowls between 2001 and 2018. The Super Bowl is one of the most watched annual sporting events in the world, with viewership overwhelmingly domestic. The only other annual event that gathers more viewers is the UEFA Champions League final. For many years, the Super Bowl has possessed a large US and global television viewership, and it is often the most watched United States originating television program of the year. The game tends to have high Nielsen television ratings, which is usually around a 40 rating and 60 shares. This means that on average, more than 100 million people", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9215157", "chunk_text": "\"NFL Kickoff Game\"\nNFL Kickoff Game The National Football League Kickoff game, along with related festivities, marks the official start of the National Football League (NFL) regular season. A single game is held, preceded by a concert and other ceremonies. This first game of the season is usually scheduled for the Thursday following Labor Day and since 2004, it was hosted by the defending Super Bowl champions. However, in 2012, the game was moved to Wednesday to prevent conflicts with the acceptance speech of the Democratic National Convention. The remainder of the league plays their opening weekend games the following Sunday and Monday.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11703567", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LV\"\nSuper Bowl LV Super Bowl LV, the 55th Super Bowl and the 51st modern-era National Football League (NFL) championship game, will decide the league champion for the 2020 season. The game is scheduled to be played on February 7, 2021 in Tampa, Florida (with the exact date pending potential changes to the NFL calendar). This will be the fifth Super Bowl hosted by the Tampa area, with the last one being Super Bowl XLIII in 2009, and the third one held at Raymond James Stadium. The game will be televised nationally by NBC. It will be the third time that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13395016", "chunk_text": "\"Bowl Championship Series\"\nto the College Football Championship Game. The game is hosted by a different city each year, with locations selected by bids, akin to the Super Bowl or the Final Four. AT&T Stadium hosted the first title game in 2015. The system is contracted to be in place through at least the 2025–2026 season per a contract with ESPN, which owns the rights to broadcast all games. Unlike the BCS, the system does not use polls or computer rankings to select participants. A 13-member committee chooses and seeds the teams for the two playoff games and four other top-tier bowl games,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4528885", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LIII\"\nSuper Bowl LIII Super Bowl LIII, the 53rd Super Bowl and the 49th modern-era National Football League (NFL) championship game, will decide the league champion for the 2018 NFL season. The game is scheduled to be played on February 3, 2019, at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. This will be the third Super Bowl in Atlanta, having previously hosted Super Bowl XXVIII in 1994 and Super Bowl XXXIV in 2000 at the Georgia Dome. On May 19, 2015, the league announced the four finalists that will compete to host Super Bowl LIII in 2019, LIV in 2020, and LV in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17075386", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LIV\"\n19, 2015, the league announced the four finalists that will compete to host either Super Bowl LIII in 2019 or Super Bowl LIV. NFL owners voted on these cities in May 2016, with the first round of voting determining who will host Super Bowl LIII, and the second round deciding the site for Super Bowl LIV. The league had also originally announced in 2015 that Los Angeles would be eligible as a potential Super Bowl LIV site if there is a stadium in place, and a team moved there by the start of the 2018 season. The league opened the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13116690", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LVII\"\nSuper Bowl LVII Super Bowl LVII, the 57th Super Bowl and the 53rd modern-era National Football League (NFL) championship game, will decide the league champion for the 2022 NFL season. The game is scheduled to be played on February 5, 2023 at State Farm Stadium in Glendale, Arizona (with the exact date pending potential changes to the NFL calendar). It will be the fourth Super Bowl hosted by the Phoenix metropolitan area, with the last one being Super Bowl XLIX in 2015, also held at State Farm Stadium (then University of Phoenix Stadium). The game will be televised nationally by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17075385", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LIV\"\nSuper Bowl LIV Super Bowl LIV, the 54th Super Bowl and the 50th modern-era National Football League (NFL) championship game, will decide the league champion for the league's centennial 2019 season. The game is scheduled to be played on February 2, 2020 in Miami Gardens, Florida (with the exact date pending potential changes to the NFL calendar). This will be the 11th Super Bowl hosted by the South Florida region and the sixth Super Bowl hosted in Miami Gardens, with the last one being Super Bowl XLIV ten years earlier. The game will be televised nationally by Fox. On May", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9389539", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LV\"\nto select a Super Bowl LV hosting site during the meetings. At the NFL owner meetings on May 24, 2016, Atlanta and Miami were awarded Super Bowls LIII and LIV respectively, removing them from the running. Los Angeles was not eligible for Super Bowl LIII, as its stadium would not yet be finished; it was eligible for LIV and LV, opting to bid only on the latter. The two candidates were as follows: Los Angeles was originally chosen as the host site in a vote on May 24, 2016. However, due to construction delays, authorities announced that the Los Angeles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20153728", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LVI\"\nwill be televised nationally by CBS. With Super Bowl LVI scheduled to be held on February 6, 2022, the game overlaps with the 2022 Winter Olympics, which will be held in Beijing, China. In contrast to previous Super Bowl bidding processes, no bids were accepted for Super Bowl LVI. The bids for Super Bowl LIII, Super Bowl LIV and Super Bowl LV were all drawn from the same pool of candidates in a meeting on May 24, 2016. Atlanta, Miami, Los Angeles, and Tampa Bay were the four candidates for the three contests; Atlanta received Super Bowl LIII, Miami received", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8767200", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl\"\ndifferent stadiums, six of which no longer exist and one of which does not yet exist, either have hosted or are scheduled to host Super Bowls. The years listed in the table below are the years the game was actually played (\"\"will be played\"\") rather than what NFL season it is considered to have been. Future venues: The game has never been played in a region that lacked an NFL or AFL franchise, though London, England has occasionally been mentioned as a host city for a Super Bowl in the near future. Wembley Stadium has hosted several NFL games as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9389540", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LV\"\nStadium at Hollywood Park would not be completed until the start of the 2020 NFL season. As a result, on May 23, 2017, NFL owners voted to move Super Bowl LV to Tampa. The City of Inglewood will instead be hosting Super Bowl LVI in 2022. NBC will broadcast Super Bowl LV , as part of an annual cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL. As with NBC's previous Super Bowl (Super Bowl LII) Universo has carried Spanish-language simulcasts of select games, after years of aborted attempts to simulcast the games on Telemundo Super Bowl LV", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8767149", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl\"\non September 7; therefore the next Super Bowl was scheduled exactly five months later on February 7, 2016. Originally, the game took place in early to mid-January. For Super Bowl I there was only one round of playoffs: the pre-merger NFL and AFL Championship Games. The addition of two playoff rounds (first in 1967 and then in 1978), an increase in regular season games from 14 to 16 (1978), and the establishment of one bye-week per team (1990) have caused the Super Bowl to be played later. Partially offsetting these season-lengthening effects, simultaneous with the addition of two regular season", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "204150", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl\"\nleague will vote upon it to determine if it is acceptable. The designated \"\"home team\"\" alternates between the NFC team in odd-numbered games and the AFC team in even-numbered games. This alternation was initiated with the first Super Bowl, when the Green Bay Packers were the designated home team. Regardless of being the home or away team of record, each team has their team logo and wordmark painted in one of the end zones. Designated away teams have won 30 of 51 Super Bowls to date (approximately 59 percent). Since Super Bowl XIII in January 1979, the home team is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7702810", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIV\"\ndesigned logo as its predecessors had: starting with Super Bowl XLV, the logo was permanently settled to bear the Vince Lombardi Trophy superimposed on a model of the stadium hosting the game and Roman numerals denoting the edition of the game. The league initially voted on March 23, 2005, that New York City host the game, contingent on the completion of the proposed West Side Stadium being built for the New York Jets by 2008. After New York state government officials declined to approve $400 million for the stadium, the NFL decided to reopen the bidding for the game's site.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18406739", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LVIII\"\nSuper Bowl LVIII Super Bowl LVIII, the 58th Super Bowl and the 54th modern-era National Football League (NFL) championship game, will decide the league champion for the 2023 NFL season. The game is scheduled to be played on February 4, 2024 at Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana (with the exact date pending potential changes to the NFL calendar). It will be the eleventh Super Bowl hosted by New Orleans, with the last one being Super Bowl XLVII in 2013 eleven years earlier, also held at the Superdome. Super Bowl LVIII, along with Super Bowl LVII, was part of a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17699804", "chunk_text": "\"Sports league ranking\"\nother teams play single-elimination games and the winners advance to play the two bye teams. The winners of those games advance to the conference championship games and then to the Super Bowl, where the winner receives the Lombardi Trophy and title of Super Bowl Champion, along with championship rings for each member. The NFL Draft is held every April and the order of selection is based on the records from the 16-game regular season, from worst to best, with the Super Bowl Champions selecting 32nd. Trading rules are the same as in basketball and hockey, and trading the rights of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17185997", "chunk_text": "\"Vince Lombardi Trophy\"\nbegan appearing on the trophy, still with a frosted appearance. Other than the logo, the trophy has had no significant changes made since the first Super Bowl. While no franchise possesses all four versions, the Green Bay Packers, New England Patriots, New York Giants, and Pittsburgh Steelers have three of the four designs. The Super Bowl is currently played in early February (the game originally took place in early to mid-January), culminating a season that generally begins in September of the previous calendar year. For example, Super Bowl 50, which was played on February 7, 2016, determined the league champion", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1369232", "chunk_text": "\"NFC Championship Game\"\nAt the end of each regular season, a series of playoff games involving the top six teams in the NFC are conducted. In the current (since 2002–03 season) NFL playoff structure, this consists of the four division champions and two wild card teams (those clubs that possess the two best won-loss records after the regular season yet fail to win their division). The two teams remaining following the Wild Card round (first round) and the divisional round (second round) play in the NFC Championship game. Initially, the site of the game was determined on a rotating basis. Since the 1975–76", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1567278", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LVI\"\nbetween the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL. For the first time, the Super Bowl will be held on a date that falls within an ongoing Olympic Games, as the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing will begin on the Friday prior to the game. Fellow NFL broadcaster NBC holds the broadcast rights to the Olympics; it is expected that viewership of both events will be impacted by their scheduling. Super Bowl LVI Super Bowl LVI, the 56th Super Bowl and the 52nd modern-era National Football League (NFL) championship game, will decide the league champion for the 2021 season.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18406741", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LVIII\"\ncontract, the game will be televised by NBC. Super Bowl LVIII Super Bowl LVIII, the 58th Super Bowl and the 54th modern-era National Football League (NFL) championship game, will decide the league champion for the 2023 NFL season. The game is scheduled to be played on February 4, 2024 at Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana (with the exact date pending potential changes to the NFL calendar). It will be the eleventh Super Bowl hosted by New Orleans, with the last one being Super Bowl XLVII in 2013 eleven years earlier, also held at the Superdome. Super Bowl LVIII, along", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5346705", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl commercials\"\ncrowdfunding campaign. In Savannah, Georgia, Jamie Casino aired a sequel to his 2014 ad that focused on the \"\"bullies\"\" that he had encountered throughout his life. In 2016, St. Louis attorney Terry Crouppen aired a local ad in which he criticized Stan Kroenke for his decision to re-locate the St. Louis Rams to Los Angeles. In 2017, some Canadian companies bought local advertising time from Fox affiliates carried in the country, taking advantage of a new regulatory policy that made the Super Bowl available directly from U.S. stations via local television providers for the first time. In 2018, rock musician", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_372	where was the last scene of the danish girl filmed?	n/a	[ "the Mount Mannen in Norway" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8301554", "chunk_text": "\"The Danish Girl (film)\"\nfrom the original.Filming began in February 2015, where Redmayne was spotted on set. Filming also took place at Nyhavn, where the iconic waterfront was transformed to look like Copenhagen in the 1930s. Sets for the Danish and Paris flats were built in the Elstree Studios in London and additional shooting took place in Copenhagen and Brussels. Production on the film concluded on 12 April 2015. Filming took 44 days for the 186 scenes in six countries. Post-production ended in September 2015. According to composer, Alexandre Desplat, post-production was very fast, with the film being cut as Desplat was writing the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8301548", "chunk_text": "\"The Danish Girl (film)\"\nit is a very dangerous operation that has never been attempted before, and Lili would be one of the first to undergo it. Lili immediately agrees and, soon after, travels to Germany to begin the surgery. Lili eventually dies of complications from the surgery. The film ends with Gerda and Hans on a hilltop back in Denmark, in front of the five trees Lili had painted. The scarf that Lili had originally given Gerda, and that had subsequently been given back and forth several times, is carried away on the wind, dancing. Screenwriter Lucinda Coxon worked on the screenplay for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8301553", "chunk_text": "\"The Danish Girl (film)\"\nlead. On 19 June 2014, Alicia Vikander was announced in the cast. On 8 January 2015, Matthias Schoenaerts joined the cast. Filming was projected to start in Spring 2010 in Berlin. Coxon revealed to \"\"Creative Screenwriting\"\" that, when filming finally began with Hooper, he actually filmed an older version of the script:We had probably gone through 20 drafts before landing Tom Hooper. In fact, the one we shot was actually an early revised draft that Tom had read back in 2008. I did a fairly large rewrite for Tom, but in the end, we used a version with little revision", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8301552", "chunk_text": "\"The Danish Girl (film)\"\nthe role of Gerda Wegener. On 11 June 2010, \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\" revealed that the film had received €1.2 million ($1.5 million) in subsidy financing from Germany's NRW Film Board. The conditions of the deal include the planned 19-day shoot in Germany. In February 2011, \"\"Screen Daily\"\" reported that the film would begin shooting in July of the same year and that Rachel Weisz would play Wegener. In May, it was revealed that both Weisz and Hallström had left the project. On 28 April 2014, it was announced that Tom Hooper would direct the film with Eddie Redmayne as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8301556", "chunk_text": "\"The Danish Girl (film)\"\nrather than a friendship, because he saw Lili and Gerda as the loves of each other's lives. He took the script in that direction to protect the importance of their relationship. In an interview with MTV International, Vikander revealed that two scenes featuring Amber Heard dancing were cut from the film, as well as stating the first cut for the film was over 2 hours. On 4 March 2015, Focus Features set the film for a limited release on 27 November 2015. The film had its world premiere at the 72nd Venice Film Festival on 5 September 2015. Universal Pictures", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4218534", "chunk_text": "\"Smilla's Sense of Snow (film)\"\ncaptured by Tork's men, but she is rescued by the mechanic/agent. Wounded from the exchange, Tork runs from the cave and out across the ice. The mechanic/agent sets off a powerful bomb that destroys the cave in a massive explosion. The resulting waves move the ice beneath Tork, who falls and drowns in the freezing water. Smilla gazes out over the seemingly endless landscape of ice and snow—the land of her childhood. The film was shot largely in Germany, Denmark, Greenland, and Sweden. Locations include Bavaria Film Studios, Munich, Germany (studio), Copenhagen, Denmark, Hotel D'Angleterre, Copenhagen, Denmark, Ilulissat, Greenland, Kiruna,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10835052", "chunk_text": "\"A War\"\nThough this evidence is dubious, it is enough to convince the judge and sub-committee that Claus had a legitimate PID. Later while tucking his young son into bed, Claus notices how his feet resemble the feet of the murdered little girl in Helmand. He sits alone outside looking at the night sky. The film was produced by Nordisk Film with support from DR TV and received eight million Danish kroner from the Danish Film Institute. Filming took place in Copenhagen, in Konya, Turkey and in Almeria, Spain. It ended in January 2015. With the exception of the main characters, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8301551", "chunk_text": "\"The Danish Girl (film)\"\nfilm and might return to the project. On 12 January 2010, Swedish director Lasse Hallström told Swedish media that he had been assigned to replace Alfredson as director. In 2008, Nicole Kidman was originally attached to play Einar/Lili and would also produce the film through her company Blossom Films. Charlize Theron was originally slated to play the role of Gerda Wegener but, after leaving the project, was replaced by Gwyneth Paltrow. Paltrow then left the project due to location changes. Uma Thurman was also a rumoured replacement. In September 2010, Marion Cotillard was rumored to be the lead candidate for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8301558", "chunk_text": "\"The Danish Girl (film)\"\na worldwide total of $64.2 million, against a budget of $15 million. The film had a limited release in the United States and Canada across four cinemas in New York and Los Angeles on 27 November 2015 before expanding cinemas in December. The film earned $185,000 in its opening weekend, averaging $46,250, which is the sixth-best opening weekend per cinema average of 2015. The opening weekend’s audience was 58% female, and 67% were over 40. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 68% based on 222 reviews, with an average rating of 6.6/10. The website's critical consensus reads,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3901578", "chunk_text": "\"The Final Girls\"\nSummers, Max's former best friend; and DeVine stars as Kurt, \"\"Camp Bloodbath\"\"s lothario. Alia Shawkat, Chloe Bridges, and Angela Trimbur also joined the cast of the film, portraying Max's best friend Gertie Michaels, and \"\"Camp Bloodbath\"\" characters Paula and Tina, respectively. Principal photography was reported to last for 26 days in Baton Rouge and St. Francisville, Louisiana. Production for the film began on April 22, 2014, with an estimated budget of $4.5 million. On April 23, 2014, a photo from the set was revealed by one of the cast. Over 200 extras were sought out for large scenes. Principal photography", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17658975", "chunk_text": "\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)\"\nphysicality of the locations, but the metaphysics of them, and how the way people live comes out through design.\"\" Principal photography began in Stockholm, Sweden in September 2010. Production mostly took place at multiple locations in the city's central business district, including at the Stockholm Court House. One challenge was realizing the Vanger estate. They picked an eighteenth-century French architecture mansion Hofsta located approximately southwest of Stockholm. Filmmakers wanted to use a typical \"\"manor from Småland\"\" that was solemn, formal, and \"\"very Old Money\"\". \"\"The Swedish are very good at the modern and the minimal but they also have these", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3901579", "chunk_text": "\"The Final Girls\"\nfor the film concluded on May 25, 2014. In late October 2014, some of the cast and crew returned for pick-ups and scene re-shoots following a test screening earlier that month. Post-production primarily took place in New York City, with additional editing taking place at Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City, California. Sound mixing was provided by Parabolic in New York City. On October 2, 2014, an edit of the film was screened in Los Angeles to a test audience of teenagers. Following this, some of the cast and crew returned for re-shoots and pick-ups. On December 22, 2014, Strauss-Schulson", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2887341", "chunk_text": "\"The Danish Girl\"\nthere, it might be the cause of the nosebleeds, stomachaches, and psychological problems. Hexler performs an X-Ray on Einar and sees that there is no tumor; however, he tells Gerda to discourage Einar from ever going anywhere as Lili again. Gerda starts to paint Lili more often, and these paintings spark popularity for Gerda. Gerda then manages to have a temporary gallery of her Lili paintings in France. In France, Gerda meets Hans Axgil, Einar's childhood friend. Gerda, Hans, and Einar dressed as Lili share a dinner where Hans luckily fails to recognize Einar. Einar feels his problem regarding his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19057776", "chunk_text": "\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)\"\nwonderful country homes that can be juxtaposed against the modern city—yet both speak to money.\"\" Principal photography relocated in October to Uppsala. On Queen Street, the facade of the area was renovated to mimic the Hotel Alder, after an old photograph of a building obtained by Fincher. From December onward, production moved to Zurich, Switzerland, where locations were established at Dolder Grand Hotel and the Zurich Airport. Because of the \"\"beautiful\"\" environment of the city, Fincher found it difficult to film in the area. Principal photography concluded in Oslo, Norway, where production took place at Oslo Airport, Gardermoen. Recorded for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2887344", "chunk_text": "\"The Danish Girl\"\nwith him to America. Bolk manages to contact Lili and tells her of a final operation; one that will give Lili a uterus to be able to become a mother. Lili tells Gerda of the operation, to which Gerda rejects going to Dresden with Lili with for it is \"\"too dangerous.\"\" Carlisle instead brings Lili to Dresden. Lili and Gerda eventually part ways. Gerda moves to Pasadena. The surgery was a failure as it has been found that an infection has grown inside Lili. Whether Lili lives or dies is unclear. \"\"The Danish Girl\"\" won the Rosenthal Foundation Award from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7925070", "chunk_text": "\"The Danish Girl\"\nman named Teddy Cross and has a child. Unfortunately, the child dies at birth and Teddy dies of tubercolosis. Gerda moves back to Denmark and marries Einar. The couple are painters with Einar painting mostly landscapes and Gerda painting portraits of somewhat famous people. One day, Anna Fonsmark, a friend of Gerda, must cancel her scheduled painting session. Gerda however needs to have the painting finished as soon as possible, hence her requesting Einar to model as Anna. The session is cut short with Anna barging into their home. Anna then decides to name Einar, \"\"Lili.\"\" Soon, the couple are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1347959", "chunk_text": "Reptilicus\nopen-ended. A final shot shows one of Reptilicus' legs, which had been blown off earlier by the Danish Navy's depth charges, sitting on the ocean floor, raising the possibility that it could regenerate into a new Reptilicus. Filming took place in several locations in Denmark, including Copenhagen, Sjælland, and Jylland. Several versions were filmed. The original was filmed using the native Danish language and the second was filmed using the English language. Each version of the film featured the same actors, with the exception of Bodil Miller, who was replaced by actress Marla Behrens since the Danish actress could not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11510424", "chunk_text": "\"Transformers: The Last Knight\"\nStation, Cafe D'Mongo's Speakeasy, and MGM Grand Detroit. Production moved to Europe on August 21, and filming commenced on August 22 in Scotland and Wales. In England, filming took place in North Yorkshire, Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland, London, Gosport and Stonehenge. Between August and October, filming occurred in Northern Ireland, and Preikestolen, Trolltunga and Atlanterhavsveien in Norway. In early September 2016, filming took place in Alnwick Castle in Alnwick Northumberland in England, including car chase scenes. Production continued at St Aidan's Church, Seahouses, where Walhberg spent an hour inside the church and reportedly donated £200. Rev Father Des McGiven said:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13554204", "chunk_text": "\"Cinema of Denmark\"\nNiels Arden Oplev, Nicolas Winding Refn, Ole Christian Madsen, Annette K. Olesen and Christian E. Christiansen for executive producer by \"\"Patriots Day\"\" was shot in Paris, France only in the film. The 21st century's first decade proved difficult for a number of Denmark's most established directors, including Lars von Trier, although things started well with his Nicole Kidman-starring \"\"Dogville\"\" (2003), a provocative stylistic experiment filmed on a black sound stage with little beyond white floor markings to indicate the sets. Its sequel \"\"Manderlay\"\" (2005), exploring the issue of slavery, continued this stylistic device but was largely ignored by audiences. Thomas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19606443", "chunk_text": "\"Wallander (UK TV series)\"\ntook place in Ystad Studios, simultaneously with the third season of Swedish-Danish crime drama \"\"The Bridge\"\". The budget for the final season is 100 million Swedish kronor. The tax funded entities Ystad-Österlens filmfond and Film i Skåne have put three million Swedish kronor into the production according to Sveriges Radio. The new series was shot on several locations surrounding Ystad, including Mossbystrand, Östra Hoby, Vårhallen Beach, Tunbyholm Castle plus Blekinge Province and the Danish island of Zealand. On 30 October, several scenes were shot at the Norreportskolan, a local Ystad middle school. Several of the students participated as extras. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "227993", "chunk_text": "\"Camp X-Ray (film)\"\nIFC Films announced their acquisition of the North American rights to the film. Shooting Stars LLC acquired the rights to distribute the film in the United Arab Emirates. EDGE Entertainment will distribute \"\"Camp X-Ray\"\" in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. The film was distributed in Lebanon and Iraq with an October 30, 2014, release date. Production for \"\"Camp X-Ray\"\" took place in Los Angeles and Whittier, California. Principal photography began on July 17, 2013, and ended in mid-August. The location used for filming the prison scenes was the abandoned Fred C. Nelles Youth Correctional Facility in Whittier, California. The film", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7765852", "chunk_text": "\"Final Girl (film)\"\ninclude Logan Huffman, Cameron Bright, and Francesca Eastwood. Filming began in November 2012 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The film was released in the United States on August 14, 2015, in a limited release and through video on demand. The film was released in the United Kingdom through video on demand on August 31, 2015. Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 27% of 11 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating is 3.2/10. Justin Chang of \"\"Variety\"\" wrote, \"\"...the subsequent fist-pummeling action feels wearyingly repetitive and predictable, despite the regular flashes of visual inspiration\"\". Final", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2887338", "chunk_text": "\"The Danish Girl\"\nAmerican-born wife, Greta Waud, who like Ebershoff comes from Pasadena, California. The real Gerda Wegener was Danish, but in the novel her name was changed to Greta to please the American audience. The story takes place in Copenhagen, Denmark. Einar Wegener is happily married to his wife, Gerda Wegener. Einar was raised in a boy with his best friend Hans. Gerda was raised in California with her twin brother Carlisle. She eventually moved to Denmark, and first met Einar at the Royal Academy. They were unfortunately separated due to events of World War I. During their separation, Gerda marries another", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6933411", "chunk_text": "\"Ted: För kärlekens skull\"\nsince he considers Kenneth to be the only lyricist who can express Ted's feelings. Kenneth initially declines, but relents and accepts the offer. At the brothers Gärdestad's house, they look back in the nostalgia of what they had done for the past 20 years and record \"\"Himlen är oskyldigt blå\"\". At the end of the film, in the 1990s, Kenneth finds Ted, alone at a building, and persuades him to perform with the backing band at a folkpark. Principal photography began in February 2017 at various locations; Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Trollhättan. Additional filming was done on Tanumshede, a Swedish town", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8301543", "chunk_text": "\"The Danish Girl (film)\"\nThe Danish Girl (film) The Danish Girl is a 2015 romantic drama film directed by Tom Hooper, based on the 2000 novel of the same name by David Ebershoff, and loosely inspired by the lives of Danish painters Lili Elbe and Gerda Wegener. The film stars Eddie Redmayne as Elbe, one of the first known recipients of sex reassignment surgery, Alicia Vikander as Wegener, and Sebastian Koch as Kurt Warnekros, with Ben Whishaw, Amber Heard, and Matthias Schoenaerts in supporting roles. The film was screened in the main competition section of the 72nd Venice International Film Festival, and it was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17554615", "chunk_text": "\"Land of Mine\"\nthey would be sent home after defusing all of the mines, Ebbe informs Rasmussen that he has ordered the surviving four to be sent to another area, to join a team defusing landmines without the aid of a map. Rasmussen argues with Ebbe but he refuses to rescind the order. Rasmussen rescues them, drives them within 500 meters of the German border and orders them to run to their freedom. Filming began in July 2014 and ended in August 2014. The film was shot at historically authentic locations, including in Oksbøllejren and areas in Varde. The use of the historical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3972702", "chunk_text": "\"Sista dansen\"\nSista dansen Sista dansen (en. \"\"The Last Dance\"\") is a Danish-Norwegian-Swedish 1993 film directed by Colin Nutley. The film was selected as the Swedish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 67th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee. A Swedish woman is found dead in Blackpool. Was she murdered? Filming took place between 19 April and 9 July 1993 in Stockholm, Blackpool and Barbados. The Swedish Film Institute suggested the film for the category of best foreign film to the Academy Award of 1994, but the film was not nominated. 504 580 saw the film", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3972703", "chunk_text": "\"Sista dansen\"\n. Sista dansen Sista dansen (en. \"\"The Last Dance\"\") is a Danish-Norwegian-Swedish 1993 film directed by Colin Nutley. The film was selected as the Swedish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 67th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee. A Swedish woman is found dead in Blackpool. Was she murdered? Filming took place between 19 April and 9 July 1993 in Stockholm, Blackpool and Barbados. The Swedish Film Institute suggested the film for the category of best foreign film to the Academy Award of 1994, but the film was not nominated. 504 580 saw the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13908730", "chunk_text": "\"The Last Station\"\ncopyrights of Tolstoy's work to Sofya. Filming took place in the German federal states of Saxony-Anhalt, Brandenburg (Studio Babelsberg) and Thuringia, the city of Leipzig in Saxony and at historical locations in Russia. The location for Jasnaja Poljana, the residence of the Tolstoy family, was the \"\"Schloss Stülpe\"\" palace near Luckenwalde in Brandenburg. The station of the small German town of Pretzsch stood in for Astapovo, the \"\"last station\"\" of the title. Still a working rural station, the Pretzsch station was closed for two weeks for filming. Sony Pictures Classics acquired distribution rights and gave the film an awards-qualifying limited", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19477778", "chunk_text": "\"Redbad (film)\"\nHaverkort, Lisa Smit, Martijn Fischer, Tuin Keulboer, Aus Greidanus sr., Jack Wouterse, Renée Soutendijk and Birgit Schuurman where all cast and in October 2017 actor Jonathan Banks is cast for the film. The film was shot in the prehistoric village-museum in Eindhoven, De Alde Feanen National Park, Ameland, Moddergat, the Wadden Sea, Denmark, the German city of Wallsbüll and the Bouillon Castle in Belgium. The film was shot in 42 days and used more than 10,000 extras, which is a record amount for a Dutch production. The final shooting day was on 19 November 2017. The sound for film movie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10624991", "chunk_text": "\"Chalet Girl\"\nwith staff at Flexiski. Tamsin Egerton signed on having had no experience on the slopes, and spent time with a trainer. Although she became \"\"hooked\"\" on skiing, in the final cut of the film she isn't actually seen skiing but can be seen on the blooper reel falling over on the slopes. Filming had to be stopped at one point, as the mountain had to be evacuated due to a snow storm. The village scenes were filmed in Garmisch-Partenkirchen in southern Germany, including using the interior of a German log cabin to double for a house in west London. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19898002", "chunk_text": "\"Brudeferden i Hardanger\"\nthrows him out of the house. Eli carries him to her mother who takes care of him. When Anders regains consciousness and sees that Marit has always carried his mother's brooch, he is full of remorse. They remember when they played bride and groom as children. Vigleik, ashamed by his behaviour emigrates to the United States and Marit and Anders spend their old days together. The outdoor takes were shot in Aga and Lofthus in Ullensvang, and on Tokheim Farm outside Odda. The Indoor takes were filmed at The Art Room in Thunes Mek. Verksted, Skøyen. The film premièred on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8301555", "chunk_text": "\"The Danish Girl (film)\"\nscore, which was recorded only a week prior to the film's premiere at the Venice Film Festival. Hooper revealed to Indiewire and After Ellen that the film's ending is different from the novel (in which Gerda and Hans stay together) and real life (Gerda and Lili were not together in Lili's final days), and he de-emphasized the importance of the Hans storyline because he did not want to feel that there was a love possibility for Gerda with Hans that could in any way rival Lili. He wanted it to be ambiguous whether it would turn into a love affair,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6578255", "chunk_text": "\"The Exception\"\nJai Courtney was cast in the leading role as Captain Stefan Brandt. On 11 September 2015, Janet McTeer and Eddie Marsan joined the cast of \"\"The Kaiser's Last Kiss\"\" as Princess Hermine Reuss of Greiz and Heinrich Himmler, respectively. On 11 September 2015, it was confirmed that principal photography was underway in Belgium, The film was shot in 33 days over six weeks in various locations in Belgium in 2015. The scenes were filmed inside Leeuwergem Castle, Flanders. In October 2016, A24 and DirecTV Cinema acquired U.S distribution rights to the film. The film was released on 2 June 2017.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20023387", "chunk_text": "\"In a Better World\"\nIt received seven million Danish kroner from the Danish Film Institute as well as funding from the Swedish Film Institute, the pan-Nordic Nordisk Film- & TV-Fond and the European Union's MEDIA Programme. Filming started at the end of August 2009 and took place on Funen and in Kenya. Director Susanne Bier said: \"\"Our experiment in this film is about looking at how little it really takes before a child – or an adult – thinks something is deeply unjust. It really doesn't take much, and I find that profoundly interesting. And scary.\"\" Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 77% out", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8301557", "chunk_text": "\"The Danish Girl (film)\"\nhandled distribution in other territories outside the U.S., with a release on 1 January 2016, in the United Kingdom. The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray on 1 March 2016 in the United States. The first image of Redmayne as Lili Elbe was revealed on 26 February 2015. A pair of posters of Redmayne and Vikander were then released in August, On 1 September 2015, the first trailer was released. on 19 November 2015, The first clip from the film was released. \"\"The Danish Girl\"\" has grossed $11.1 million in North America and $53.1 million in other territories for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19630339", "chunk_text": "\"Häxan\"\nDanish film studios, so that he could maintain complete artistic freedom. He used the money to buy and refurbish the Astra film studio in Hellerup, Denmark. Filming then ran from February through October 1921. Christensen and cinematographer Johan Ankerstjerne filmed only at night or in a closed set to maintain the film's dark hue. Post-production required another year before the film premiered in late 1922. Total cost for Svensk Film, including refurbishing the Astra Film Studio, reached between 1.5 and 2 million kronor, making \"\"Häxan\"\" the most expensive Scandinavian silent film in history. \"\"Häxan\"\" has had several different soundtracks through", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4896373", "chunk_text": "\"The Girl in the Park\"\nJulia meets Louise (Bosworth), a troubled young woman with a checkered past, all of Julia's old psychological wounds painfully resurface, as does her illogical and increasingly irrational hope that Louise may be the daughter she lost so long ago. Filming began in New York City on November 13, 2006, and was scheduled to end on December 21, 2006. The film was premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 9, 2007. The film has an average rating of 5.7/10 in the Rotten Tomatoes. Jason Solomons of \"\"the Guardian\"\" \"\"likes this deceptive drama, its tensions and releases, its symbolic use", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8301544", "chunk_text": "\"The Danish Girl (film)\"\nshown in the Special Presentations section of the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival. The film was released in a limited release on 27 November 2015 by Focus Features in the United States. The film was released on 1 January 2016, in the United Kingdom, with Universal Pictures International handling international distribution. The film received some criticism for its inaccurate portrayal of historical events, but Redmayne and Vikander's performances received widespread acclaim and nominations for all of the major acting awards. Vikander won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, and Redmayne was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19931673", "chunk_text": "Eksperimentet\nof the organization. Director Louise Friedberg was inspired by reading \"\"I den bedste mening\"\" (2006) (With the Best Intentions), a memoir by Tine Bryld. A summary of the interview with Bryld was also released in 2006 as a 28-minute video under the same title. It was shown as part of \"\"Rethinking Nordic Colonialism, a Postcolonial Exhibition Project\"\" in the summer of 2006. Between 13 and 21 July 2009, Friedberg shot scenes for the film in Kangeq, a former settlement on the coast of Labrador Sea in southwestern Greenland, located approximately west-south-west of Nuuk, at the mouth of Nuup Kangerlua, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8301545", "chunk_text": "\"The Danish Girl (film)\"\nIt was also nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best British Film. In mid-1920s Copenhagen, portrait artist Gerda Wegener asks her husband, popular landscape artist Einar Wegener, to stand in for a female model who is late to come to their flat to pose for a painting she's working on. The act of posing as a female figure unmasks Einar's life-long identification as a woman, who names herself Lili Elbe. This sets off a progression, first tentative and then irreversible, of leaving behind the identity as Einar, which she has struggled to maintain all her life. This takes place as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12790978", "chunk_text": "\"The Last of Sheila\"\nher one time husband Patrick Curtis. The movie was shot in the south of France. In an interview for a fortieth-anniversary screening of the film, Cannon said that filming on an actual yacht proved to be too difficult, and so production was halted, stranding the cast on location: \"\"So we had to wait in the south of France while they built a set at the Victorine Studios [in Nice] for us. We had to spend our days lying on the beach and going to lunch and shopping. It was a hard job!\"\" The shoot was not easy; according to Dyan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19406194", "chunk_text": "\"Gertrud (film)\"\nAdapting the play into a screenplay, Dreyer chose to abridge the third act and added an epilogue. The epilogue was inspired by the life of Maria von Platen, Söderberg's original inspiration for the Gertrud character. The film was produced by Palladium, and filmed at Nordisk Film's studios in Valby, since Palladium's own studios were used by Danmarks Radio for a television production. Exterior scenes were filmed in the Vallø Castle park. Filming took three months, and editing three days. The film was mostly made up of long takes of shots of two or more actors talking to each other and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2887343", "chunk_text": "\"The Danish Girl\"\nfall in love with Hans. The first operation removes Einar's testicles, making the first move to him becoming Lili. Gerda makes it to Dresden where Bolk reveals that Einar was supposed to be born as a woman as he had undeveloped ovaries in his body the whole time. Einar's ovaries are restored and he takes his last operation. It is successful and he fully becomes Lili. Lili and Gerda then return to Denmark. Lili and Henrik fall in love again while Gerda and Hans also start falling in love. Henrik then proposes to Lili and Hans asks Gerda to move", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10316078", "chunk_text": "\"Danish Americans\"\nair transportation no longer necessitates a Dane moving to America to be an artistic part of Hollywood. Among the few Danes who have moved to the U.S.A. to pursue acting careers is Connie Inge-Lise Nielsen, who was born in Denmark and today lives in Sausalito, California. Additionally, a few stars claim connection to Denmark via their Danish-American parents. For example, actors Leslie Nielsen, Viggo Mortensen, Virginia Madsen and Michael Madsen were born to Danish fathers and American mothers. Likewise, actress Scarlett Johansson was also born to a Danish father. Director and cinematographer Mikael Salomon was born in Sweden to a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15981577", "chunk_text": "\"Flame & Citron\"\nGerman companies became interested in the idea for the film. It became a co-production between Denmark and Germany, with three companies—Nimbus Film, Wüste Film and Babelsberg Studio—producing it. Filming took place at the Babelsberg locations in Potsdam-Babelsberg, Germany, and large parts of the film were shot at locations in Copenhagen, Denmark, and Prague, Czech Republic. It received a €342,000 ($460,000) grant from the German Film Fund for its total budget of more than 45 million Danish kroner (or $7.6 million), making it the most expensive Danish film produced to that date. Originally, Madsen planned to create a docudrama-style film but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4549435", "chunk_text": "\"Ved verdens ende\"\nVed verdens ende Ved verdens ende (\"\"At World's End\"\") is a 2009 Danish action comedy film directed by Tomas Villum Jensen and starring Nikolaj Lie Kaas, Birgitte Hjort Sørensen and Nikolaj Coster-Waldau. During the filming of a nature programme in the Indonesian rain forest, a British TV crew discover a rare white flower, but are attacked and killed by a Danish hermit, Severin Geertsen (Nikolaj Coster-Waldau). Severin, who is sentenced to death for the crime, claims he is 129 years old and that it is the leaves of the flower that have kept him young. Criminal psychiatrist Adrian (Nikolaj Lie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17944818", "chunk_text": "\"Copenhagen (2014 film)\"\nhome of his grandfather and delivers his father's letter to the grandfather he had never known. Back at school, Effy quietly looks at several pictures she had taken with William and smiles at one of her sleeping in the hotel room she had shared with William. At the same time, William stands at the symbolic Skagen, where the North Sea meets the Baltic, presumably thinking about the impact meeting Effy has had on his life. Hundreds of kilometers apart from each other, Effy and William both hope that someday they will be together again. The film was produced by Fidelio", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4900747", "chunk_text": "\"Nicole Kidman\"\nGlobe Awards, and Screen Actors Guild Awards, Kidman also produced this film. She lent her voice to a promotional video that Australia used to support its bid to host the 2018 FIFA World Cup. \"\"TV Guide\"\" reported in 2008 that Kidman will star in \"\"The Danish Girl\"\", a film adaptation of the novel of the same name, playing Lili Elbe, the world's first postoperative transsexual. \"\"Screen Daily\"\" reported that shooting would begin in Germany in July 2011. However the project has been delayed following the exit of the director, Lasse Hallström and Kidman's co-star Rachel Weisz. In 2009, \"\"Variety\"\" said", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18398323", "chunk_text": "\"Wake Wood\"\nthey bury her. Patrick and Louise admit that she has actually been dead for over a year, which has caused her to react in the way she has. As Louise turns to leave, Alice drags her mother down into the grave with her, the penalty for misuse of the ritual. Sometime later, Arthur resurrects a heavily pregnant Louise. At home, Patrick and Louise talk about the unborn child. Later, in the final scene, Patrick lays out surgical tools. \"\"Wake Wood\"\" was filmed in County Donegal, Ireland, and in Österlen, Scania, Sweden. The selection of Sweden as a shooting location was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_373	what does g stand for in ncis los angeles?	n/a	[ "Grisha" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19365271", "chunk_text": "\"NCIS: Los Angeles (season 1)\"\nWeed, Lindsay Sturman, Tim Clemente, Joseph C. Wilson, and Matt Pyken. Brennan served as the season's show runner. The first season had 7 actors get star billing. Chris O'Donnell portrayed G. Callen, an NCIS Special Agent in charge of the Office of Special Projects team in Los Angeles. Though his friends call him \"\"G\"\" he does not know what his first name is. LL Cool J portrays Sam Hanna, a former Navy SEAL working as a Senior NCIS agent. Sam is G's partner and is very curious about his past. Daniela Ruah portrayed Kensi Blye, a Junior Field agent on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3975158", "chunk_text": "\"NCIS: Los Angeles\"\nof Agent Kensi Blye (Daniela Ruah), a hand-to-hand combat specialist and forensic whiz, Sam Hanna (LL Cool J), a former Navy SEAL and G's partner, technical analyst (Barrett Foa), and ranking team member Shay Mosley (Nia Long), NCIS Executive Assistant Director for Pacific Operations (EAD-PAC). Over the course of the series, the team are assisted by allies from both NCIS and its local counterparts, including LAPD liaison officer Marty Deeks (Eric Christian Olsen), Intelligence Analyst Nell Jones (Renee Felice Smith), Operational Psychologist Nate Getz (Peter Cambor), and rookie field agent Dominic Vail (Adam Jamal Craig), all of whom work side-by-side", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20322914", "chunk_text": "\"G. Callen\"\nCallen once served with his good friend Leroy Jethro Gibbs, who now works at the NCIS Headquarters located in the Washington Navy Yard. Callen specializes in deep undercover work. Prior to the series commencing, G. Callen and Sam Hanna had been partnered for two years (as per the season three episode \"\"Partner\"\") where they celebrate their five year partnership. G. Callen grew up in foster care, never knowing who his parents were or even his first name. In the show’s first episode \"\"Identity\"\", it is revealed that he is called \"\"G\"\" not because he dislikes his first name, but because", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3975157", "chunk_text": "\"NCIS: Los Angeles\"\ncast as Shay Mosley for the ninth season after Miguel Ferrer's death. On April 18, 2018, CBS renewed the series for a tenth season, which premiered on September 30, 2018. \"\"NCIS: Los Angeles\"\" follows Special Agent G. Callen (Chris O'Donnell), a \"\"legend\"\" assigned to the Office of Special Projects (OSP), a fictitious branch of the Naval Criminal Investigative Service (the real-life NCIS has no offices in Los Angeles). Callen leads an elite team of undercover operatives as they battle enemies both foreign and domestic under the watchful eye of Operational Manager Henrietta \"\"Hetty\"\" Lange (Linda Hunt). The team is composed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12458661", "chunk_text": "\"Identity (NCIS: Los Angeles)\"\npilot episode, \"\"Legend\"\", NCIS Special Agent G. Callen rejoins the NCIS: Office of Special Projects team whose headquarters have since moved to new surroundings. His first case back involves a Naval Commander who was kidnapped by a drug cartel and eventually killed in a shootout between the cartel and members of the Los Angeles Police Department. The team investigate and soon discover that the Commander's actions might have jeopardized a highly classified military operation against various drug cartels in Mexico and also put the life of his young niece in great danger, forcing the team to race against the clock", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20322925", "chunk_text": "\"G. Callen\"\nfrom being killed by Russian mobsters. Callen is fluent in Russian due to his former relationship with the Rostoff family. Throughout the first season, it is shown that Callen is homeless, staying temporarily with his various NCIS colleagues and sometimes in the Operations Center itself. At the end of \"\"Legend\"\", Callen was almost killed in a drive-by shooting. Callen and the team later realized (in the first season episode \"\"Pushback\"\") that his shooting was related to a mission Callen took part in against the Russian Mob, as a DEA agent ten years earlier. In the first season finale \"\"\"\", Callen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2476249", "chunk_text": "\"NCIS: Los Angeles\"\nM6 in France. In August 2016, Titan Books published \"\"NCIS Los Angeles: Extremis\"\", a novel by Jerome Preisler. Three months later, it was followed by \"\"NCIS Los Angeles: Bolthole\"\", written by Jeff Mariotte. Both books contain original stories featuring the characters from the show. NCIS: Los Angeles NCIS: Los Angeles is an American action television series combining elements of the military drama and police procedural genres, which premiered on CBS on September 22, 2009, and stars Chris O'Donnell and LL Cool J. The series follows the exploits of the Los Angeles–based Office of Special Projects (OSP), an elite division of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "565434", "chunk_text": "\"NCIS: Los Angeles (season 1)\"\nsuspects. Nate briefly expressed interest in doing field work but was dissuaded by everyone on the team. Barrett Foa portrayed , the technical operator for the OSP who serves as the primary contact both for agents in the field and with Director Leon Vance. Foa was changed from guest starring to a starring role as of the thirteenth episode of the season. Linda Hunt portrayed , the Operations Manager at NCIS in Los Angeles. Hetty has been compared to the character Q in the James Bond novels and films. She guest-starred in the first episode before being upgraded as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3975156", "chunk_text": "\"NCIS: Los Angeles\"\nNCIS: Los Angeles NCIS: Los Angeles is an American action television series combining elements of the military drama and police procedural genres, which premiered on CBS on September 22, 2009, and stars Chris O'Donnell and LL Cool J. The series follows the exploits of the Los Angeles–based Office of Special Projects (OSP), an elite division of the Naval Criminal Investigative Service that specializes in undercover assignments. \"\"NCIS: Los Angeles\"\" is the first spin-off of the successful series \"\"NCIS\"\". On March 23, 2017, CBS renewed the series for a ninth season which premiered on October 1, 2017. Nia Long joined the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19365275", "chunk_text": "\"NCIS: Los Angeles (season 1)\"\nof sister show \"\"NCIS\"\" which accumulated 20.61 million viewers. However, ratings were down from the premiere of \"\"\"\" from the previous year, but was higher than the seventh and final season premiere of \"\"Without a Trace\"\", which occupied the same timeslot during the 2008-09 television season. The season finale, \"\"Callen, G.\"\" was watched by 13.1 million viewers. For its first season, \"\"NCIS: Los Angeles\"\" was the 9th most watched new series on CBS with a total of 16.08 million viewers. Notes \"\"NCIS: Los Angeles\"\" first season received mixed to positive reviews from television critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the season holds", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19365272", "chunk_text": "\"NCIS: Los Angeles (season 1)\"\nthe NCIS Office of Special Projects who comes from a Marine family, studied forensics and criminology in college, and is fluent in Portuguese, lip reading, and Morse code. Adam Jamal Craig portrayed , the team's rookie agent. After his character disappeared in the episode \"\"Missing\"\" he was changed to a guest star. He was written out of the show in the episode \"\"Found\"\" when Dom was fatally wounded while trying to escape from his kidnappers. Peter Cambor portrayed , the operational psychologist working with NCIS observing surveillance tapes and watching or conducting interrogations in order to create psychological profiles of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3975159", "chunk_text": "\"NCIS: Los Angeles\"\nwith NCIS Assistant Director Owen Granger (Miguel Ferrer), a laconic agent and skilled bureaucrat. Special Agent G. Callen was initially a CIA operative created by Shane Brennan for a series that was never produced. After taking over show runner duties previously held by Donald P. Bellisario on \"\"NCIS\"\", he used the potential of a spin-off to bring his story to fruition. Brennan intended for the series to hold a \"\"Miami Vice\"\"-esque vibe through its two co-leads, Callen and Agent Sam Hanna. However, the character of Lara Macy was written to serve as a parallel for Gibbs, the lead of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12458660", "chunk_text": "\"Identity (NCIS: Los Angeles)\"\nIdentity (NCIS: Los Angeles) \"\"Identity\"\" is the pilot episode of \"\"\"\" as a stand-alone series, and the first episode of the series' , though the first appearance of the characters occurred in the twenty-second and twenty-third episodes of the sixth season of \"\"NCIS\"\" with the episodes being titled \"\"Legend (Parts 1 & 2)\"\". It also marks the debut appearance of Agent Dominic Vail and Operations Manager, Henrietta Lange. The episode premiered on CBS in the United States on September 22, 2009 after the seventh season premiere of \"\"NCIS\"\". Having successfully recovered from his near-fatal shooting at the end of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9390297", "chunk_text": "\"True Crime: Streets of LA\"\nShe tells Kang she is a driver for failed reality TV star Lola Gees (Grey Griffin). Kang goes undercover as Gees' new driver, and she tells him she is working for someone known as \"\"The General,\"\" who is taking his money back from the Russian mafia. As Kang arrests her, a sniper kills her to stop her from talking. Velasco discovers Cyprus Holdings own a jet leasing company at Santa Monica airport. Kang heads to investigate, finding Rocky and his men dead in the hangar. Velasco contacts Kang to tell him a team of East Asian commandos have stormed the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2386214", "chunk_text": "\"NCIS (franchise)\"\nmost watched series on TV. \"\"NCIS: Los Angeles\"\" ended its fifth season as the fourth most watched series on TV, and the second most watched drama. \"\"NCIS\"\" follows the work of the Major Case Response Team, stationed out of Washington, D.C. Supervised by Special Agent Leroy Jethro Gibbs, a former Marine Gunnery Sergeant, and a thrice-divorced widower. The team specializes in crime scene examination, and the investigation of murders. Gibbs' team has included Caitlin Todd, who earned her stripes protecting the President as a member of the Secret Service; Anthony DiNozzo, a former Baltimore detective; Timothy McGee, a computer specialist", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19365269", "chunk_text": "\"NCIS: Los Angeles (season 1)\"\nNCIS: Los Angeles (season 1) The first season of the American television series \"\"\"\" premiered on CBS on September 22, 2009, and concluded on May 25, 2010. It is the first spin-off series of \"\"NCIS\"\". The series is set in Los Angeles, California, and follows the stories of the members of the Office of Special Projects, an undercover division of the Naval Criminal Investigative Service (NCIS). The show and its characters were introduced during the sixth-season episodes of \"\"NCIS\"\" titled \"\"Legend (Part I)\"\" and \"\"Legend (Part II)\"\". These episodes served as a backdoor pilot for the series. Season one was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18750979", "chunk_text": "\"NCIS: Los Angeles (season 1)\"\na 65% approval rating. General NCIS: Los Angeles (season 1) The first season of the American television series \"\"\"\" premiered on CBS on September 22, 2009, and concluded on May 25, 2010. It is the first spin-off series of \"\"NCIS\"\". The series is set in Los Angeles, California, and follows the stories of the members of the Office of Special Projects, an undercover division of the Naval Criminal Investigative Service (NCIS). The show and its characters were introduced during the sixth-season episodes of \"\"NCIS\"\" titled \"\"Legend (Part I)\"\" and \"\"Legend (Part II)\"\". These episodes served as a backdoor pilot for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "565435", "chunk_text": "\"NCIS: Los Angeles (season 1)\"\nseries regular the following episode. Rocky Carroll had a recurring role as Leon Vance, the Director of NCIS. Brian Avers appeared in three episodes as Special Agent ; Pauley Perrette appeared in two episodes as Abby Sciuto, the forensic specialist at NCIS headquarters. Eric Christian Olsen guest starred in two episodes as , the NCIS / LAPD Liaison Officer. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The series premiere episode, \"\"\"\", drew approximately 18.73 million viewers with a 4.4/11 share in the 18- to 49-year-old demographic and therefore won its timeslot. It was the second most watched show of the week, behind the seventh season premiere", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19365270", "chunk_text": "\"NCIS: Los Angeles (season 1)\"\noriginally planned to have thirteen episodes. On October 7, 2009, after rating as the most watched new show of the Fall 2009 U.S. television season, CBS ordered a full set of 22 episodes, which was extended to 24 episodes on November 4, 2009. The first season was produced by CBS Television Studios and Shane Brennan Productions and aired on the CBS network. The series was created by Shane Brennan as a spin-off from \"\"NCIS\"\", which was created by Donald P. Bellisario. Brennan and R. Scott Gemmill served as executive producers. The writers were Brennan, Gemmill, Dave Kalstein, Gil Grant, Speed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6140724", "chunk_text": "\"Identity (NCIS: Los Angeles)\"\nbeating the seventh and final premiere of \"\"Without a Trace\"\", which occupied the timeslot in the previous year. Identity (NCIS: Los Angeles) \"\"Identity\"\" is the pilot episode of \"\"\"\" as a stand-alone series, and the first episode of the series' , though the first appearance of the characters occurred in the twenty-second and twenty-third episodes of the sixth season of \"\"NCIS\"\" with the episodes being titled \"\"Legend (Parts 1 & 2)\"\". It also marks the debut appearance of Agent Dominic Vail and Operations Manager, Henrietta Lange. The episode premiered on CBS in the United States on September 22, 2009 after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8901175", "chunk_text": "\"Abby Sciuto\"\nfrom her lab in Washington, DC, arrived in Los Angeles to meet the (OSP) team as she informed them she was investigating a serial killer called the Phantom who had murdered 15 people all over the country and had also left no DNA or even physical evidence at the scenes. Having already formed a strong friendship with Eric Beale, Abby developed friendships with the OSP team, including G. Callen (Chris O'Donnell), Sam Hanna (LL Cool J), and most notably the operations manager (Linda Hunt), who commented that Abby is \"\"the first NCIS employee [she] has ever met with a sense", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7725306", "chunk_text": "\"G vs E\"\nwith various departments and a city-based structure. Paramedics, supply officers, spies, intelligence agents, forensic specialists, therapists, and munitions experts are all on hand to help with cases. They operate throughout the world in various cities. Chandler and Henry work out of the Hollywood station. They are based at Ravenswood, a high-rise art-deco establishment, which also doubles as purgatory. All the agents of the Corps have gone through a violent, mortal death, but merely being alive again does not render them immortal. They can \"\"die\"\" again, and they face immediate judgement upon dying, which may be a problem for those who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18777018", "chunk_text": "\"NCIS (TV series)\"\nand executive producers of the premiere member of the \"\"NCIS\"\" franchise. It is the second-longest-running scripted, non-animated U.S. primetime TV series currently airing, surpassed only by \"\"\"\" (1999–present), and is the 7th-longest-running scripted U.S. primetime TV series overall. \"\"NCIS\"\" was originally referred to as Navy NCIS during season one; \"\"Navy\"\" was later dropped from the title as it was redundant (the \"\"N\"\" in \"\"NCIS\"\" stands for \"\"Naval\"\"). In season six, a two-part episode led to a spin-off series, \"\"\"\". A two-part episode during the eleventh season led to a second spin-off series, \"\"\"\". While initially slow in the ratings, barely", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20322912", "chunk_text": "\"G. Callen\"\nG. Callen G. Callen (born: Grisha Alekandrovich Nikolaev) is a fictional character in the show \"\"\"\" portrayed by Chris O'Donnell. He is an NCIS Special Agent in Charge, and the senior agent assigned to the Office of Special Projects. O'Donnell made his first appearance during \"\"NCIS\"\" sixth season episode \"\"Legend (Part 1)\"\". Before working at NCIS, Callen previously worked for the CIA, DEA and FBI. Several episodes across the seasons reference his stint with the Agency and in seasons one and two, it is revealed that whilst with the CIA, Callen worked alongside recurring \"\"NCIS\"\" character, Trent Kort (David Dayan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10910211", "chunk_text": "\"NCIS (TV series)\"\nNCIS (TV series) NCIS is an American action police procedural television series, revolving around a fictional team of special agents from the Naval Criminal Investigative Service, which investigates crimes involving the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps. The concept and characters were initially introduced in two episodes of the CBS series \"\"JAG\"\" (season eight episodes 20 and 21: \"\"Ice Queen\"\" and \"\"Meltdown\"\"). The show, a spin-off from \"\"JAG\"\", premiered on September 23, 2003, on CBS. To date it has aired fifteen full seasons and has gone into broadcast syndication on the USA Network. Donald P. Bellisario and Don McGill are co-creators", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10915997", "chunk_text": "\"\"\"G\"\" Is for Gumshoe\"\nVW car, and her friend Vera Lipton becomes engaged. Three things happen to Kinsey Millhone on her thirty-third birthday: she moves into her remodeled apartment, which has finally been finished; she is hired by Irene Gersh, a sickly Santa Theresa resident, to head out to the Slabs in the Mojave Desert and locate her mother; she gets the news that Tyrone Patty, a particularly dangerous criminal she helped the Carson City Police Department track down a few years back, has hired a hit-man to kill her. After her first night in her new place, Kinsey heads out early the next", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2386212", "chunk_text": "\"NCIS (franchise)\"\nNCIS (franchise) NCIS (Naval Criminal Investigative Service) is a media franchise of American television programs originally created by Donald P. Bellisario and currently broadcast on CBS, all of which deal with military related criminal investigations based on the Naval Criminal Investigative Service of the United States Department of the Navy, which includes the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps. In 2003, \"\"NCIS\"\" was introduced via a backdoor pilot, from the TV show \"\"JAG\"\" with \"\"NCIS\"\" in turn spinning off \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\" in 2009 and 2014, respectively. \"\"NCIS: Los Angeles\"\" had a proposed spin-off, but it was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3975161", "chunk_text": "\"NCIS: Los Angeles\"\npilot for the series, in a manner similar to the way \"\"NCIS\"\" was introduced by way of a two-part episode of \"\"JAG\"\". \"\"Identity\"\", the series' first episode, garnered 18.73 million viewers with a 4.4/11 share in the 18- to 49-year-old demographic and therefore won its timeslot. It was the second most watched show of the week, behind only the original \"\"NCIS\"\". Reviews for the show have been mixed. It has a score of 59/100 on Metacritic. According to Mary McNamara of the \"\"Los Angeles Times\"\", \"\"The crime is intriguing and multifaceted, its resolution requiring a nice balance of street smarts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12075249", "chunk_text": "\"Gary Glasberg\"\nwas very reminiscent of the \"\"MASH\"\" episode \"\"Dear Dad\"\", and the Season 13 episode \"\"Deja Vu\"\" was reminiscent of \"\"Dear Sigmund.\"\" Glasberg was married to writer Mimi Schmir and had two sons. Glasberg died in his sleep on September 28, 2016, in Los Angeles at the age of 50. Gary Glasberg Gary Glasberg (July 15, 1966 – September 28, 2016) was an American television writer and producer. He was born in New York City. He was the showrunner on \"\"NCIS\"\" and creator of \"\"\"\". Glasberg's production company is called When Pigs Fly Incorporated. Glasberg started out writing for animated shows", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10910217", "chunk_text": "\"NCIS (TV series)\"\nCBS identified the show as \"\"Naval CIS\"\". By the time of the launch of the first episode, \"\"NCIS\"\" was airing under the name \"\"Navy NCIS\"\", the name it held for the entire first season. Since the \"\"N\"\" in NCIS stands for \"\"Naval\"\", the name \"\"Navy NCIS\"\" was redundant. The decision to use this name was reportedly made by CBS, over the objections of Bellisario, to: From the season-two episode \"\"Lt. Jane Doe\"\" onwards, the series began showing two-second-long black-and-white clips. These clips are shown at the beginning of every segment depicting the last two seconds of that segment, a segment", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12646471", "chunk_text": "\"Nature of the Beast (NCIS)\"\nNature of the Beast (NCIS) \"\"Nature of the Beast\"\" is the first episode of the ninth season of the American police procedural drama \"\"NCIS\"\", and the 187th episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on September 20, 2011. The episode is written by Gary Glasberg and directed by Tony Wharmby, and was seen by 19.96 million viewers. In the episode, Special agent Tony DiNozzo is shot and unable to remember what it all was about. He must work together with Special agent Leroy Jethro Gibbs and Dr. Rachel Cranston to identify the attacker. Scott Wolf is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18409010", "chunk_text": "\"NCIS (TV series)\"\nenforcement and counterintelligence arm of the United States Department of the Navy, which includes the United States Marine Corps. NCIS investigates all major criminal offenses (felonies)—for example, crimes punishable under the Uniform Code of Military Justice by confinement of more than one year—within the Department of the Navy. Whenever a crime is committed involving Navy or Marine personnel, the Washington-based Major Case Response Team — an elite arm of the Naval Criminal Investigative Service — spearheads the investigation. The team, led by laconic investigator Leroy Jethro Gibbs (Mark Harmon), has included Caitlin Todd (Sasha Alexander), Anthony DiNozzo (Michael Weatherly), Timothy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14467002", "chunk_text": "\"Leroy Jethro Gibbs\"\nbecome head of his own Major Case Response Team. Before the time in which \"\"NCIS\"\" is set, Gibbs was described to have traveled extensively on operations, particularly in Eastern Europe. Gibbs is a highly skilled marksman with both his agency-issued SIG Sauer P228 pistol (which he replaces with a .45 Colt M1911A1 pistol in Season 15) and a sniper rifle. In the season 7 premiere, \"\"Truth or Consequences\"\", he kills the terrorists holding his team hostage from an exceptionally long distance and in \"\"South by Southwest\"\" he outshoots a professional hit-man in an approaching helicopter. His knowledge of the Marine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6140721", "chunk_text": "\"Identity (NCIS: Los Angeles)\"\nto find and save the young girl before it's too late but all is not what it seems... The episode starts with a police chase where a van is cornered and the gunman are killed. The police discover a dead body of a Naval Commander inside. G. Callen (Chris O'Donnell), having successfully recovered from his near-fatal shooting at the end of the back-door pilot episode, \"\"Legend\"\", rejoins the NCIS Office of Special Projects team whose headquarters have since moved to new surroundings and now under command of Operations Manager, Henrietta Lange (Linda Hunt). NCIS Director Leon Vance (Rocky Carroll) informs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18777041", "chunk_text": "\"NCIS (TV series)\"\nawards and nominations since it premiered on September 23, 2003, including the ALMA Awards, ASCAP Awards, BMI Film & TV Awards, Emmy Awards, and People's Choice Awards. NCIS (TV series) NCIS is an American action police procedural television series, revolving around a fictional team of special agents from the Naval Criminal Investigative Service, which investigates crimes involving the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps. The concept and characters were initially introduced in two episodes of the CBS series \"\"JAG\"\" (season eight episodes 20 and 21: \"\"Ice Queen\"\" and \"\"Meltdown\"\"). The show, a spin-off from \"\"JAG\"\", premiered on September 23, 2003, on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20016346", "chunk_text": "\"G. Callen\"\nIn \"\"Archangel\"\", Callen states that the first time he fired a gun was at the age of 20. In the same episode, it was revealed that Hetty has beaten him on a race up the NCIS rock wall three times in a row, and Callen refuses to challenge her to a re-match despite goading from Sam Hanna. Earlier flashbacks in the season two finale saw Callen suddenly remember that he spent part of his early childhood on the Romanian coast of the Black Sea. As an adult, his foster-sister Rostoff was secretly sent to watch Callen and to prevent him", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14466992", "chunk_text": "\"Leroy Jethro Gibbs\"\nLeroy Jethro Gibbs Leroy Jethro Gibbs is a fictional character of the CBS TV series \"\"NCIS\"\", portrayed by Mark Harmon. He is a former U.S. Marine Corps Scout Sniper turned special agent who commands a team for the Naval Criminal Investigative Service. Gibbs is the most accomplished marksman on the team and the most skilled at handling violent standoffs; he depends on his other agents heavily for technical forensics and background checks. He is patient but firm with his team and has little patience for bureaucracy; he commands most other main characters—including his current staff Timothy McGee, Ellie Bishop, Nick", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12075247", "chunk_text": "\"Gary Glasberg\"\nGary Glasberg Gary Glasberg (July 15, 1966 – September 28, 2016) was an American television writer and producer. He was born in New York City. He was the showrunner on \"\"NCIS\"\" and creator of \"\"\"\". Glasberg's production company is called When Pigs Fly Incorporated. Glasberg started out writing for animated shows such as \"\"Rugrats\"\", \"\"Power Rangers\"\", \"\"Duckman\"\" and \"\"Aaahh!!! Real Monsters\"\". Glasberg's credits include \"\"Crossing Jordan\"\", \"\"The $treet\"\", \"\"The Evidence\"\", \"\"Bones\"\", \"\"Shark\"\" and \"\"The Mentalist\"\". At the time of his death, he was the showrunner for \"\"NCIS\"\". His death made the writing duo of Frank Cardea and George Schenck the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "833038", "chunk_text": "\"Montford Point Marine Association\"\ncouncil of Marine-related service groups. The Montford Point Marine Association maintains archives, and the Montford Point Marines Museum at Camp Gilbert H. Johnson, Jacksonville, North Carolina. It holds an annual convention to celebrate the Montford Point Marines, make organizational decisions, and distribute scholarships. On 27 June 2012, the Congressional Gold Medal was awarded to the Montford Point Marines. The main character of the long-running crime drama NCIS, Leroy Jethro Gibbs is played by Mark Harmon and his character is named for his father's best friend, Leroy Jethro Moore, a Montford Point Marine (played by Billy Dee Williams). The character L.J.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2155565", "chunk_text": "\"NCIS (TV series)\"\npilot of \"\"\"\". \"\"Legend\"\" introduces Chris O'Donnell as G. Callen, LL Cool J as Sam Hanna, Daniela Ruah as Kensi Blye, and Barrett Foa as Eric Beale. Rocky Carroll recurs on \"\"NCIS: Los Angeles\"\" as his \"\"NCIS\"\" character Director Leon Vance, while Pauley Perrette has appeared twice as Abby, and Michael Weatherly has appeared once as Anthony DiNozzo. \"\"NCIS\"\" guest stars reprising roles between series include David Dayan Fisher as CIA Officer Trent Kort, in the season-one finale of \"\"NCIS: Los Angeles\"\"; Kelly Hu as Lee Wuan Kai in \"\"NCIS: Los Angeles\"\" and later in an episode of \"\"NCIS\"\". John", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2393803", "chunk_text": "\"Shiva (NCIS)\"\nand siblings having all been killed prior. \"\"Shiva\"\" was received with overwhelmingly positive reviews and became the most watched episode of the series, surpassing season 8's \"\"Freedom\"\", the previous series high in viewers. Shiva (שבעה), which literally means \"\"seven\"\" in Hebrew, is the week-long mourning period in Judaism for a \"\"first-degree\"\" relative: parent, sibling, spouse or child. The ritual is called \"\"sitting Shiva\"\" and is begun immediately following the funeral of the deceased relative. In this case, it refers to Ziva's mourning the death of her father. The episode opens depicting a young Ziva (Gabi Coccio) praying the Shabbat blessing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2386217", "chunk_text": "\"NCIS (franchise)\"\nVail, an M.I.T. graduate and a computer-whiz; Marty Deeks, an LAPD Detective recruited to serve as liaison to OSP; Nell Jones, an Intelligence Analyst with the highest IQ at NCIS; Eric Beale, an awkward technician and one half of the technical dream-team; Nate Getz, a deep-cover operative and Operational Psychologist seconded to team team; Sam Hanna, a former SEAL and a family man who met his wife on the job; and laconic Assistant Director Owen Granger. The team are overseen both bureaucratically and operationally by Executive Assistant Director for Pacific Operations (EAD-PAC) Shay Mosley. The New Orleans NCIS team is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2393808", "chunk_text": "\"Shiva (NCIS)\"\nto Eli, that was withheld from her, his blood daughter. Tony responds, \"\"Now you are the daughter of a dead man — let yourself act like one.\"\" The NCIS team locates a bank account under the name of \"\"Virtue\"\" that allows them to track the man who hired the hitman while Ziva speaks to Ilan over video chat. Ziva agrees to Ilan's request to meet her at the apartment before Gibbs calls her and asks her about the significance of \"\"Virtue\"\". She realizes that the Hebrew word for \"\"virtue\"\" is Ilan's middle name, prompting them to come to the conclusion", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15487159", "chunk_text": "\"Prime Suspect (NCIS)\"\nyears\"\". About how the writers chose Gibbs' barber, they said \"\"That's when it came to us…that singular haircut! Let’s make it Gibbs’ barber who needs his help.\"\" The character of Gibbs' barber was named Frankie Dean, a name taken from the stylists on the show, Frankie Fontaine and Carla Dean. Additionally, Carla Dean \"\"is the one who has given Mark [Harmon] (portraying Leroy Jethro Gibbs) his haircuts since Day One\"\", the writers said. Although some scenes in the episode was set in Grand Bahama they were \"\"actually shot at Mandalay Bay in Oxnard, California\"\". The scenes are both sunny and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15981789", "chunk_text": "\"R. Scott Gemmill\"\nshowrunner of NCIS: Los Angeles. R. Scott Gemmill R. Scott Gemmill is an American television writer and producer, born in Canada. He worked extensively on \"\"ER\"\" in both capacities. Gemmill worked on \"\"JAG\"\" as an executive story editor and writer. He joined the crew in the first season and remained until the fourth season writing a total of 18 episodes. He was nominated for a Humanitas Prize in the 60 minute category for his work on the \"\"JAG\"\" episode \"\"Angels 30.\"\" He joined the crew of \"\"ER\"\" in its sixth season as a supervising producer and regular writer. Alongside his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12458663", "chunk_text": "\"Identity (NCIS: Los Angeles)\"\nthe team about the Naval Commander case, and the team realizes the Commander was executed. After following various leads, the team discover that the Commander's actions might have jeopardized a highly classified military operation against various drug cartels in Mexico and also his young niece is being held hostage. Callen informs Director Vance, but the Operation is still to be commenced. Callen and Sam infiltrate Manny Cortez's house, only to find out that the Commander's brother-in-law is the one responsible for the young girl being held as a hostage. Worse, Callen and Sam are compromised as Kensi previously spoke to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5338862", "chunk_text": "\"Shabbat Shalom (NCIS)\"\na common greeting used in Israel on the Jewish Sabbath. Several characters in the episode — Ziva and Eli David, Jackie and Leon Vance — are shown observing the Shabbat shortly before the fatal shootout at the end. \"\"NCIS\"\" follows a team of government agents who work for the Naval Criminal Investigative Service. The main cast includes Mark Harmon as team leader Leroy Jethro Gibbs, Michael Weatherly as Senior Agent Anthony \"\"Tony\"\" DiNozzo, Cote de Pablo as Mossad Liaison Officer turned NCIS Agent Ziva David, Pauley Perrette as Forensic Specialist Abby Sciuto, Sean Murray as Special Agent Timothy McGee, David", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20016352", "chunk_text": "\"G. Callen\"\ndoes. When Hetty resigns and takes off to Prague, Callen finds out from Director Vance that Hetty has started her own investigation, Operation Comescu, which is all about Callen. Callen and the team then resign too when Vance refuses to fly them to Prague to get Hetty. Arriving in Prague, the team discovers that Hetty has been taken by the Comescus and that the Comescus have been in a decades-long blood feud with the Callens, of which G is the last one. The team tracks their safe house down to a house on the beach, and Callen starts to remember", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6140723", "chunk_text": "\"Identity (NCIS: Los Angeles)\"\nthe father as she and Nate were with the Commander's sister. The team's new agent Dominic Vail (Adam Jamal Craig) phones Callen and has him trick the father into thinking he was the Commander. Callen and Sam defeat the father and the girl returns home. The episode ends with Callen staying the night at the Office. \"\"Identity\"\" aired on CBS on September 22, 2009, during the timeslot. The pilot episode was seen by 18.73 million viewers, with a total household rating/share of 8.9/15, and a 4.4/11 ratings/share among those aged 18 through 49. The episode came first in its timeslot,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6700354", "chunk_text": "\"Freedom (NCIS)\"\nFreedom (NCIS) \"\"Freedom\"\" is the 13th episode of the eighth season of the American police procedural drama \"\"NCIS\"\", and the 175th episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on February 1, 2011. The episode is written by Nicole Mirante-Matthews and directed by Craig Ross, Jr., and was seen by 22.85 million viewers. \"\"Freedom\"\" was the most watched episode of \"\"NCIS\"\" at the time, surpassing the record of 21.93 millions viewers reached earlier in 2011. It was later surpassed by the season ten episode \"\"Shiva\"\", which was watched by 22.86 million viewers. The team investigates the murder", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_374	cls bank deals with transactions arising out of?	n/a	[ "foreign exchange market", "the foreign exchange market" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1329430", "chunk_text": "\"CLS Group\"\nCLS holds accounts with each of the central banks whose currencies it settles. On each settlement date, upon determining that the accounts of the submitting settlement members satisfy several risk management tests, CLS simultaneously settles each pair of matched payment instructions by making the corresponding debit and credit entries in the settlement members’ accounts at CLS. The settlement of the payment instructions and the associated payments are final and irrevocable. For example, (GBP/USD = 1.50, EUR/USD = 1.25): These obligations are funded into and from each member’s respective multi-currency account. Another key element of the CLS Settlement Service is the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1329426", "chunk_text": "\"CLS Group\"\nAct Corporation, a limited purpose bank regulated by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Since it began operations in 2002, CLS has rapidly increased and by March 2017 was settling just over 50% of global FX transactions. As a result, the Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC) officially designated CLS a Systemically Important Financial Market Utility in July 2012. The single day record for value settled is US$11.11 trillion, set on 21 June 2017. The single day record for volume settled is 2.58 million, set on 14 November 2016. In 2002, CLS was launched with 39 members and seven currencies.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12421997", "chunk_text": "\"CLS Group\"\nCLS Group CLS (originally Continuous Linked Settlement) is a specialist US financial institution that provides settlement services to its members in the foreign exchange market (FX). Although the forex market is decentralised and has no central exchange or clearing facility, firms that chose to use CLS to settle their FX transactions can mitigate the settlement risk associated with their trades. CLS does this through the operation of a payment versus payment (PvP) settlement service which mitigates settlement risk for the FX transactions of its settlement members and their customers (third parties). The service started operating in 2002 as an Edge", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12422005", "chunk_text": "\"CLS Group\"\nin a funding requirement in CLS of less than 1% of the total gross settlement value. CLS has expanded the number of currencies it settles over the years and currently settles the following currencies: CLS Group CLS (originally Continuous Linked Settlement) is a specialist US financial institution that provides settlement services to its members in the foreign exchange market (FX). Although the forex market is decentralised and has no central exchange or clearing facility, firms that chose to use CLS to settle their FX transactions can mitigate the settlement risk associated with their trades. CLS does this through the operation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12422001", "chunk_text": "\"CLS Group\"\nmake and receive payments. This enables simultaneous settlement of the payments on both sides of an FX transaction. Each settlement member holds a single multi-currency account with CLS. At the start and end of a normal settlement day, each settlement member has a zero balance on its account. Under normal operations of the settlement service, CLS starts and ends the day with a zero balance in its central bank accounts and in its Settlement Member accounts. Settlement members may submit instructions relating to their own FX transactions as well as the FX transactions of their third-party customers directly to CLS.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12422004", "chunk_text": "\"CLS Group\"\nin the region of 96 percent. In addition to the usual settlement service, the in/out swap process is done before the settlement windows to reduce the payment obligations to CLS and to mitigate liquidity pressures. An in/out swap is an intraday swap consisting of two equal and opposite FX transactions that are agreed as an intraday swap. One of the “legs” is settled inside CLS in order to reduce each settlement member’s net position in the two relevant currencies. The other “leg” is settled outside CLS. The in/out swap further compresses payment obligation by an average of 75%, which results", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1329427", "chunk_text": "\"CLS Group\"\nAs of September 2017, CLS settles 18 currencies, has 79 shareholders, 66 settlement members and 24,000+ third-party clients. CLS operates a global multi-currency cash settlement system through which settlement risk can be mitigated with finality using a combination of PvP settlement over CLS central bank accounts, local real-time gross settlements systems (RTGS) and multilateral payment netting supported by a resilient infrastructure. In a PvP system both sides’ payment instructions for a FX transaction are settled simultaneously. Without PvP there is a serious risk that one party to a FX transaction will deliver the currency it owes, but not receive the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12422003", "chunk_text": "\"CLS Group\"\nliquidity efficiencies delivered through multilateral payment netting. On each day participants will very likely have more than one trade to settle—in practice, major banks will have hundreds or thousands of trades each day. Each day prior to settlement, CLS calculates the funding required of each settlement member on a multilateral netted basis. The amount of cash required by CLS to settle all payment instructions is reduced, allowing each settlement member to transfer only the net amount of its payment obligations in each currency, rather than the total amount of each trade to be settled. On average, CLS netting efficiency is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18526406", "chunk_text": "\"Central limit order book\"\nCentral limit order book A central limit order book (CLOB) was a centralised database of limit orders proposed by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission in 2000. However, the concept was opposed by securities companies. A central limit order book or (\"\"CLOB\"\") is a trading method used by most exchanges globally. It is a transparent system that matches customer orders (e.g. bids and offers) on a 'price time priority' basis. The highest (\"\"best\"\") bid order and the lowest (\"\"cheapest\"\") offer order constitutes the best market or \"\"the touch\"\" in a given security or swap contract. Customers can routinely cross the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8371138", "chunk_text": "\"Collateralized loan obligation\"\nwhich obviated the need to comply with the risk-retention rules for transactions issued prior to December 2016. However, in February 2018 the US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit ruled that CLO managers no longer need to comply with the 5% risk-retention rules, thus creating conditions similar to the last financial crisis. Collateralized loan obligation Collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) are a form of securitization where payments from multiple middle sized and large business loans are pooled together and passed on to different classes of owners in various tranches. A CLO is a type of collateralized debt obligation.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1329428", "chunk_text": "\"CLS Group\"\nother currency from its counterparty, resulting in the loss of principal. This is known as settlement risk, or “Herstatt Risk”, after the German bank, Bankhaus Herstatt, which collapsed in June 1974 leaving many of its FX counterparties with significant losses. Following an FX transaction, settlement members submit payment instructions to CLS. These instructions are authenticated and matched by CLS and maintained by the system until settlement date. The CLS daily settlement cycle operates with settlement and funding occurring during a five-hour window when all real-time gross settlement (RTGS) systems in the CLS settlement currency jurisdictions are open and able to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14795899", "chunk_text": "Structuring\nStructuring Structuring, also known as smurfing in banking jargon, is the practice of executing financial transactions such as making bank deposits in a specific pattern, calculated to avoid triggering financial institutions to file reports required by law, such as the United States' Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) and Internal Revenue Code section 6050I (relating to the requirement to file Form 8300). Structuring may be done in the context of money laundering, fraud, and other financial crimes. Legal restrictions on structuring are concerned with limiting the size of domestic transactions for individuals. Structuring is the act of parceling what would otherwise be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10767158", "chunk_text": "\"Transaction account\"\nby \"\"offsetting\"\" a credit balance against the mortgage debt. This can be achieved via one of two methods: either lenders provide a single account for all transactions (often referred to as a current account mortgage) or they make multiple accounts available, which let the borrower notionally split money according to purpose, whilst all accounts are offset each day against the mortgage debt. Transaction related Account type related Transaction account A transaction account, checking account, chequing account, current account, demand deposit account, or share draft account (at credit unions) is a deposit account held at a bank or other financial institution.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6371607", "chunk_text": "\"Suspicious activity report\"\nSuspicious activity report In financial regulation, a Suspicious Activity Report (SAR) or Suspicious Transaction Report (STR) is a report made by a financial institution about suspicious or potentially suspicious activity. The criteria to decide when a report must be made varies from country to country, but generally is any financial transaction that does not make sense to the financial institution; is unusual for that particular client; or appears to be done only for the purpose of hiding or obfuscating another, separate transaction. The report is filed with that country's financial crime enforcement agency, which is typically a specialist agency designed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16421296", "chunk_text": "\"Transaction banking\"\nTransaction banking \"\"Transaction Banking\"\" (\"\"TB\"\") can be defined as the set of instruments and services that a bank offers to trading partners to financially support their reciprocal exchanges of goods (e.g.trade), monetary flows (e.g., cash), or commercial papers (e.g., exchanges). TB allows banks to maintain close relationship with their corporate clients so banks don’t want to be dis-intermediated by other payers. Transaction Banking division of a bank typically provides commercial banking products and services for both corporates and financial institutions, including domestic and cross-border payments, risk mitigation, international trade finance as well as trust, agency, depositary, custody and related services.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7779423", "chunk_text": "\"National Automated Clearing House\"\nbulk transactions towards collection of payments pertaining to telephone, electricity, water, loans, investments in mutual funds, insurance premium etc.\"\" Electronic Clearing Service, or ECS, is an electronic clearing service that facilitates funds transfer between bank accounts. The service was started by Reserve Bank of India providing, both, debit and credit which can be used to pay utility bills. NPCI has categorised members of NACH system in three entities: Sponsor Banks are allowed to originate transactions the system required, they have a mutual agreement with NPCI and also are members of any payment system approved by the Reserve Bank of India.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19069565", "chunk_text": "\"CLS Communication\"\ncompanies, and the translation unit of the Raiffeisen banking group in Switzerland, setting up offices in London and New York. it acquired London-based Richard Gray Financial Translations (RGFT) in 2004, and added offices in Paris and Madrid. Offices in Copenhagen, Frankfurt Singapore, Hong Kong, Shanghai and Beijing were added. The firm also took over the language services teams of Swiss Re, Lombard Odier, and Danske Bank. In 2003, CLS became fully independent through a management buyout. In 2009 it gained a new majority shareholder, the Swiss-based private equity fund Zurmont Madison, through a capital increase and a partial buyout of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8371129", "chunk_text": "\"Collateralized loan obligation\"\nCollateralized loan obligation Collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) are a form of securitization where payments from multiple middle sized and large business loans are pooled together and passed on to different classes of owners in various tranches. A CLO is a type of collateralized debt obligation. Each class of owner may receive larger yields in exchange for being the first in line to risk losing money if the businesses fail to repay the loans that a CLO has purchased. The actual loans used are multimillion-dollar loans to either privately or publicly owned enterprises. Known as syndicated loans and originated by a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5220427", "chunk_text": "\"Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank International\"\nin ways that reduce \"\"settlement risk\"\"—the risk that one party will perform while the other will not. Alice alleged that CLS Bank International and CLS Services Ltd. (collectively \"\"CLS Bank\"\") began to use similar technology in 2002. Alice accused CLS Bank of infringement of Alice's patents, and when the parties did not resolve the issue, CLS Bank filed suit against Alice in 2007, seeking a declaratory judgment that the claims at issue were invalid. Alice counterclaimed, alleging infringement. The relevant claims are in these patents: In 2007, CLS Bank sued Alice in the United States District Court for the District", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6371618", "chunk_text": "\"Suspicious activity report\"\n1992, , , 4060). Suspicious activity report In financial regulation, a Suspicious Activity Report (SAR) or Suspicious Transaction Report (STR) is a report made by a financial institution about suspicious or potentially suspicious activity. The criteria to decide when a report must be made varies from country to country, but generally is any financial transaction that does not make sense to the financial institution; is unusual for that particular client; or appears to be done only for the purpose of hiding or obfuscating another, separate transaction. The report is filed with that country's financial crime enforcement agency, which is typically", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10767141", "chunk_text": "\"Transaction account\"\nTransaction account A transaction account, checking account, chequing account, current account, demand deposit account, or share draft account (at credit unions) is a deposit account held at a bank or other financial institution. It is available to the account owner \"\"on demand\"\" and is available for frequent and immediate access by the account owner or to others as the account owner may direct. Access may be in a variety of ways, such as cash withdrawals, use of debit cards, cheques (checks) and electronic transfer. In economic terms, the funds held in a transaction account are regarded as liquid funds and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17416479", "chunk_text": "\"Bank Secrecy Act\"\namount. It allowed Mexican and Colombian drug cartels to launder money through \"\"casas de cambio\"\" by willfully failing to set up an effective anti-money-laundering program. An entire industry has developed around providing software to analyze transactions in an attempt to identify transactions or patterns of transactions called structuring, which requires SAR filing. Financial institutions are subject to penalties for failing to properly file CTRs and SARs, such as heavy fines and regulatory restrictions, including charter revocation. These software applications effectively monitor customer transactions on a daily basis, and using a customer's past transactions and account profile, provide a \"\"whole picture\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2691695", "chunk_text": "\"Central Labour Service\"\nCentral Labour Service The Central Labour Service (CLS) comes under Central Civil Services which is part of the Government of India. It was formed in February 1987 by amalgamating 3 bodies: Labour Officers (Central Pool), Central Industrial Relations Machinery and Welfare Organisation of the Ministry of Labour. Its main roles are to implement labour and welfare laws, and intervene in disputes with the goal of preventing strike action. Indian labour laws are piecemeal at best, with some sectors over-regulated and some under-regulated. This would seem to be an attempt at balance, or at least an attempt to free up over-regulation.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4833809", "chunk_text": "\"CL Financial\"\nproblems that gave rise to the current financial stress. The principal objectives are to ensure that resources are available to meet withdrawals of third-party CIB depositors and Clico policy holders, protect the funds of the depositors and policy holders, maintain public confidence in Clico and reinforce public confidence in the financial sector as a whole: The Central Bank will: Also, CL Financial will divest additional assets to help fund Clico's existing Statutory Fund deficit. In exchange for collateral and an equity interest in Clico, the Government will provide any additional funding needed to eliminate this deficit, and will \"\"act as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13658223", "chunk_text": "\"Wire transfer\"\nWire transfer Wire transfer, bank transfer or credit transfer is a method of electronic funds transfer from one person or entity to another. A wire transfer can be made from one bank account to another bank account or through a transfer of cash at a cash office. Different wire transfer systems and operators provide a variety of options relative to the immediacy and finality of settlement and the cost, value, and volume of transactions. Central bank wire transfer systems, such as the Federal Reserve's FedWire system in the United States, are more likely to be real-time gross settlement (RTGS) systems.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5220425", "chunk_text": "\"Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank International\"\nAlice Corp. v. CLS Bank International Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank International, 573 U.S. 208, 134 S. Ct. 2347 (2014), was a 2014 decision of the United States Supreme Court about patent eligibility. The issue in the case was whether certain claims about a computer-implemented, electronic escrow service for facilitating financial transactions covered abstract ideas ineligible for patent protection. The patents were held to be invalid because the claims were drawn to an abstract idea, and implementing those claims on a computer was not enough to transform that idea into patentable subject matter. Although the \"\"Alice\"\" opinion did not mention", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18651704", "chunk_text": "\"Social Fund (UK)\"\nfree loans, but unlike BLs, there is no requirement for an applicant to be in receipt of one of the qualifying benefits. The Social Fund Directions make it clear that the overall purpose of CLs is to help meet expenses in an emergency or disaster where there is no other means to prevent a serious health and safety risk to the applicant or their family. CLs are used not only to cover specific items needed in a financial crisis, but also to cover living expenses, for example, where there has been an interruption to the usual flow of benefit income.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14795902", "chunk_text": "Structuring\nduration, and can apply equally to taking money out of a nation as well as putting money into its financial system. In the United States, the Bank Secrecy Act requires currency transaction reports (CTRs) to be filed for transactions valued at more than $10,000; it applies to both U.S. and foreign currencies. Financial institutions suspecting deposit structuring with intent to avoid the law are required to file a suspicious activity report (SAR). In 1986, the U.S. Congress enacted section 5324 of Title 31 of the United States Code, which provides (in part): No person shall, for the purpose of evading", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18088837", "chunk_text": "\"Acquiring bank\"\nof electronic point-of-sale security standards such as PCI-DSS. Acquiring bank An acquiring bank (also known simply as an acquirer) is a bank or financial institution that processes credit or debit card payments on behalf of a merchant.ta The acquirer allows merchants to accept credit card payments from the card-issuing banks within an association. The best-known (credit) card associations are Visa, MasterCard, Discover, China UnionPay, American Express, Diners Club, Japan Credit Bureau and Indian Rupay. The acquiring bank enters into a contract with a merchant and offers it a merchant account. This arrangement provides the merchant with a line of credit.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17674813", "chunk_text": "\"CLS Communication\"\nCLS Communication CLS Communication is a language translation, editing and writing services company based in Switzerland. It has 19 offices on three continents, and serves the financial services, life sciences, telecommunications and legal industries. The company employs approximately 250 in-house translators and writers and has a network of 2,400 external partners. According to its website, as of 2011 CLS Communication has more than 900 clients. CLS Communication was created in 1997 as a spin-off from Swiss Bank Corporation (now UBS) and Zurich Financial Services. In 2002, the company in-sourced the translation teams of Swisscom and Sunrise, Switzerland's two leading telecommunications", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3705605", "chunk_text": "\"Currency transaction report\"\nbank employee believes the transaction to be suspicious or fraudulent, commonly called a SAR, or Suspicious Activity Referral. A customer is not directly told about the $10,000 threshold unless they initiate the inquiry. A customer may decline to continue the transaction upon being informed about the CTR, but this would require the bank employee to file a SAR. Once a customer presents or asks to withdraw more than $10,000 in currency, the decision to continue the transaction must continue as originally requested and may not be reduced to avoid the filing of a CTR. For instance, if a customer reneges", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19069569", "chunk_text": "\"CLS Communication\"\nallow collective investment schemes to operate freely throughout the European Union on the basis of a single authorisation from one member state. CLS also translates annual reports for companies. CLS Communication is and DIN EN 15038:2006 certified. A number of branches are certified in accordance with these standards. CLS Communication CLS Communication is a language translation, editing and writing services company based in Switzerland. It has 19 offices on three continents, and serves the financial services, life sciences, telecommunications and legal industries. The company employs approximately 250 in-house translators and writers and has a network of 2,400 external partners. According", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7206772", "chunk_text": "CustomerXPs\nCustomerXPs CustomerXPs is a software product company providing financial crime risk management and customer experience management solutions to banking institutions. Based in Bengaluru, the company was founded in 2006, and sells its financial crime risk management software product under the brand name Clari5. The company is recognized as a category leader for financial crime risk management solutions. The company’s product Clari5 provides financial institutions with real-time, cross-channel interventions for enterprise fraud management, anti-money laundering and customer experience management. It employs intelligent models based on neural networks, time series and complex analytics to provide insights. Clari5 also allows financial institutions to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10391148", "chunk_text": "\"Transaction document\"\nTransaction document Transaction documents refers to legally relevant documents that are either printed, inserted and mailed, or electronically presented. They consist of a mixture of fixed and variable data. These documents are usually created by organizations through their financial computing system and then delivered to other parties (such as clients) through the post office or through an electronic billing system. The printed transaction documents, once delivered to the post office, conform to the mail box rule. Common examples of transaction documents are: Xplor international is a technical association that focuses on the best practices and technologies associated with these documents.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10391149", "chunk_text": "\"Transaction document\"\nTransaction document Transaction documents refers to legally relevant documents that are either printed, inserted and mailed, or electronically presented. They consist of a mixture of fixed and variable data. These documents are usually created by organizations through their financial computing system and then delivered to other parties (such as clients) through the post office or through an electronic billing system. The printed transaction documents, once delivered to the post office, conform to the mail box rule. Common examples of transaction documents are: Xplor international is a technical association that focuses on the best practices and technologies associated with these documents.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10646436", "chunk_text": "\"Comrs of Customs and Excise v Barclays Bank plc\"\nComrs of Customs and Excise v Barclays Bank plc Her Majesty's Commissioners of Customs and Excise v Barclays Bank Plc [2006] UKHL 28 is a leading English tort law case concerning negligent misstatement and pure economic loss. Customs and Excise needed to freeze the bank account of a Barclays customer. By law, banks are required to comply with requests for freezing orders and are paid for the service. When it received the request, a Barclays employee replied that it had frozen the bank account. But it had not, and the customer proceeded to empty all of the money from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15882827", "chunk_text": "\"Secured transaction\"\nSecured transaction Generally, a secured transaction is a loan or a credit transaction in which the lender acquires a security interest in collateral owned by the borrower and is entitled to foreclose on or repossess the collateral in the event of the borrower's default. The terms of the relationship are governed by a contract, or security agreement. A common example would be a consumer who purchases a car on credit. If the consumer fails to make the payments on time, the lender will take the car and resell it, applying the proceeds of the sale toward the loan. Mortgages and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9140212", "chunk_text": "\"Compensating transaction\"\nCompensating transaction The execution of a business process consists of one or more transactions. Each transaction may consist of several individual operations yet, as a whole, it moves the system between consistent states. There are two groups of systems where compensating transaction may be applied: 1. In the context of a database this is often easily achieved using transactions and the commit/rollback mechanism. Compensating transaction logic could be implemented as additional on top of database supporting commit/rollback. In that case we can decrease business transaction granularity. 2. For systems without a commit/rollback mechanism available, one can undo a failed transaction", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2821622", "chunk_text": "Bank\ntheir transactions atop desks covered by green tablecloths. The definition of a bank varies from country to country. See the relevant country pages under for more information. Under English common law, a banker is defined as a person who carries on the business of banking by conducting current accounts for his customers, paying cheques drawn on him/her and collecting cheques for his/her customers. In most common law jurisdictions there is a Bills of Exchange Act that codifies the law in relation to negotiable instruments, including cheques, and this Act contains a statutory definition of the term \"\"banker\"\": \"\"banker\"\" includes a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4381949", "chunk_text": "\"Cheque Truncation System\"\nCheque Truncation System Cheque Truncation System (CTS) or Image-based Clearing System (ICS), in India, is a project of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), commencing in 2010, for faster clearing of cheques. CTS is based on a cheque truncation or online image-based cheque clearing system where cheque images and magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) data are captured at the collecting bank branch and transmitted electronically. Cheque truncation means stopping the flow of the physical cheques issued by a drawer to the drawee branch. The physical instrument is truncated at some point en route to the drawee branch and an electronic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5716011", "chunk_text": "\"Banker's lien\"\nBanker's lien A banker's lien is a legal right arise in many common law jurisdictions of a bank to exercise a lien over any property in the custody of the bank as security for the indebtedness of the customer to the bank. The precise effect of a banker's lien varies according to the laws of a particular jurisdiction. Under English common law it applies to all property coming into the possession of the bank in the usual course of banking business, subject to the important exception that it does not apply to property which is deposited with the bank for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8490281", "chunk_text": "\"Correspondent account\"\nCorrespondent account A correspondent account is an account (often called a nostro or vostro account) established by a banking institution to receive deposits from, make payments on behalf of, or handle other financial transactions for another financial institution. Correspondent accounts are established through bilateral agreements between the two banks. Commonly, correspondent accounts are the accounts of foreign banks that require the ability to pay and receive the domestic currency. A bank will typically require correspondent accounts for holding currencies outside of jurisdictions where it has a branch or affiliate. This is because most central bank settlement systems do not register", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10288739", "chunk_text": "\"Standard Chartered\"\nBusiness Services: The Consumer Bank and the Wholesale Bank. The consumer bank is retail focused, and focuses on individuals, small business and high-net-worth clients in the private bank. For retail customers, the unit manages savings, allows customers to make transactions, provides wealth management services, and provides mortgages and auto finance. For SMEs, the consumer bank manages cash, collections, and payments as well as offering loans. The wholesale bank's clients are global corporations, financial institutions and commodity traders and agribusinesses. Transaction banking helps clients manage their treasury function through cash management, trade finance and custody services. Financial markets allow clients to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10132922", "chunk_text": "\"Central Securities Database\"\nCentral Securities Database The Centralised Securities Database (CSDB) is a single information technology infrastructure, which is operated jointly by the members of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB), including national central banks (NCBs) of non-euro area Member States where such NCBs voluntarily participate in the operation of the CSDB. The CSDB stores item-by-item data, in particular, data on securities, their issuers and prices. The aim of the Centralised Securities Database (CSDB) is to hold complete, accurate, consistent and up-to-date information on all individual securities relevant for the statistical purposes of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB). This means", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18526408", "chunk_text": "\"Central limit order book\"\nan asymmetric trade execution model. In this method, a customer queries a finite set of participant market makers who quote a bid/offer (\"\"a market\"\") to the customer. The customer may only \"\"hit the bid\"\" (sell to the highest bidder) or \"\"lift the offer\"\" (buy from the cheapest seller). The customer is prohibited from stepping inside the bid/ask spread and thereby reducing its execution fees. Contrary to the CLOB model, customers can only trade with dealers. They can not trade with other customers, and importantly, they can not make markets themselves. Central limit order book A central limit order book (CLOB)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2322298", "chunk_text": "\"Debits and credits\"\nDebits and credits In double entry bookkeeping, debits and credits (abbreviated Dr and Cr, respectively) are entries made in account ledgers to record changes in value resulting from business transactions. Generally speaking (in T-Account terms), if cash is spent in a business transaction, the cash account is \"\"credited\"\" (that is, an entry is made on the right side of the T-Account's ledger), and conversely, when cash is obtained in a business transaction, it is described as a \"\"debit\"\" (that is, an entry is made on the left side of the T-Account's ledger). Debits and Credits can occur in any account.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6873219", "chunk_text": "\"Central Liquidity Facility\"\nCentral Liquidity Facility The Central Liquidity Facility (CLF) is a mixed-ownership United States (U.S.) government corporation created to improve the general financial stability of credit unions by serving as a liquidity lender to credit unions experiencing unusual or unexpected liquidity shortfalls. Member credit unions own the CLF which exists within the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA). The President of the CLF manages the facility under the oversight of the NCUA Board. The Central Liquidity Facility was created by the U.S. Congress in 1998 with the National Credit Union Central Liquidity Facility Act, Subchapter III of the Federal Credit Union Act.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10599162", "chunk_text": "\"Standard Bank\"\na banking licence in 1992. It was announced at the end of July 2013 that Standard Bank was in talks to sell its markets business in London to the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China for more than $500 million. In November 2013, Standard Bank confirmed it was in talks to sell a controlling stake in its London-based global markets business. In January 2014 the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) fined Standard Bank PLC (Standard Bank) £7,640,400 for failings relating to its anti-money laundering (AML) policies and procedures over corporate customers connected to politically exposed persons (PEPs). Between 15 December 2007", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12360923", "chunk_text": "\"Transaction account\"\nclearing checks (sending them from one bank to another for collection) gave rise to the development of clearing houses. All transaction accounts offer itemised lists of all financial transactions, either through a bank statement or a passbook. A transaction account allows the account holder to make or receive payments by: Banks offering transactional accounts may allow an account to go into overdraft if that has been previously arranged. If an account has a negative balance money is being borrowed from the bank and interest and overdraft fees as normally charged. In the United Kingdom and other countries with a UK", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3387387", "chunk_text": "\"CL Financial\"\nenergy, real estate and manufacturing and distribution. The four largest financial institutions in the Group manage assets of over TT$38 billion, over 25 percent of the country’s GDP. The Group’s holdings include the British American Insurance Company Limited, one of the main insurance companies in the Eastern Caribbean. In the Bank’s view, the financial difficulties being faced by CIB and Clico resulted from: According to the statement, the Central Bank, the Ministry of Finance and the CL Financial Group have agreed to a strategy intended to deal with the liquidity challenges of CIB and Clico, and to address the underlying", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_375	who is in charge of ratifying treaties in the us?	n/a	[ "the Executive branch", "the President", "Senate", "the Senate" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10050967", "chunk_text": "Ratification\nThe President may form and negotiate, but the treaty must be advised and consented to by a two-thirds vote in the Senate. Only after the Senate approves the treaty can the President ratify it. Once it is ratified, it becomes binding on all the states under the Supremacy Clause. While the House of Representatives does not vote on it at all, the requirement for the Senate's advice and consent to ratification makes it considerably more difficult to rally enough political support for international treaties. Also, if implementation of the treaty requires the expenditure of funds, the House of Representatives may", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5295915", "chunk_text": "\"Treaty Clause\"\nTreaty Clause The Treaty Clause is part of Article II, Section 2, Clause 2, of the United States Constitution, that empowers the President of the United States to propose and chiefly negotiate agreements between the United States and other countries, which, upon receiving the advice and consent of a two-thirds supermajority vote of the United States Senate, become binding with the force of federal law. The body of law governing U.S. foreign policy recognizes three mechanisms by which the United States enters into binding international obligations. The term \"\"treaty\"\" is used in a more restricted legal sense than in international", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5295916", "chunk_text": "\"Treaty Clause\"\nlaw. U.S. law distinguishes what it calls \"\"treaties\"\" from \"\"congressional-executive agreements\"\" and \"\"executive agreements\"\". All three classes are considered treaties under international law; they are distinct only from the perspective of internal United States law. Distinctions among the three concern their method of ratification: by two-thirds of the Senate, by normal legislative process, or by the President alone, respectively. The Treaty Clause empowers the President to make or enter into treaties with the \"\"advice and consent\"\" of two-thirds of the Senate. In contrast, normal legislation becomes law after approval by simple majorities in both the Senate \"\"and\"\" the House of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19503688", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child\"\nissues with education, health care, juvenile justice and the rights of children with disabilities. Under the United States Constitution, the ratification of treaties involves several steps. First, the president or their representative would negotiate, agree and sign a treaty, which would then be submitted to the U.S. Senate for its \"\"advice and consent\"\". At that time the President would explain and interpret all provisions in the treaty. If the Senate approves the treaty with a two-thirds majority, it goes back to the President who can ratify it. The United States government contributed to the drafting of the Convention. It commented", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12753981", "chunk_text": "\"United States Treaties and Other International Agreements\"\nUnited States Treaties and Other International Agreements The United States Treaties and Other International Agreements (UST) contains all treaties and international agreements of the United States since 1950. It is published annually from \"\"slip\"\" treaties of the Treaties and Other International Acts Series (TIAS). The Secretary of State is responsible for its compilation, editing, indexing, and publication. The laws pertaining to reporting are located at ; regulations on reporting are contained at . Treaties and international agreements were formally published in United States Statutes at Large until 1948. It was created when Congress implemented Reorganization Plan 20 of 1950 in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5295926", "chunk_text": "\"Treaty Clause\"\nupheld by the Supreme Court in \"\"Field v. Clark\"\" (1892). Warren F. Kimball, Alliances, Coalitions, and Ententes - The American alliance system: an unamerican tradition Treaty Clause The Treaty Clause is part of Article II, Section 2, Clause 2, of the United States Constitution, that empowers the President of the United States to propose and chiefly negotiate agreements between the United States and other countries, which, upon receiving the advice and consent of a two-thirds supermajority vote of the United States Senate, become binding with the force of federal law. The body of law governing U.S. foreign policy recognizes three", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12753982", "chunk_text": "\"United States Treaties and Other International Agreements\"\n, adding . Case-Zablocki Act requirements were modified by , which also mandated publishing on the Internet. United States Treaties and Other International Agreements The United States Treaties and Other International Agreements (UST) contains all treaties and international agreements of the United States since 1950. It is published annually from \"\"slip\"\" treaties of the Treaties and Other International Acts Series (TIAS). The Secretary of State is responsible for its compilation, editing, indexing, and publication. The laws pertaining to reporting are located at ; regulations on reporting are contained at . Treaties and international agreements were formally published in United States", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5295921", "chunk_text": "\"Treaty Clause\"\nsubmitted to the Senate for approval as outlined in Article II of the Constitution. Since the Franklin Roosevelt presidency, only 6% of international accords have been completed as Article II treaties. Most of these executive agreements consist of congressional-executive agreements. American law is that international accords become part of the body of U.S. federal law. Consequently, Congress can modify or repeal treaties by subsequent legislative action, even if this amounts to a violation of the treaty under international law. This was held, for instance, in the Head Money Cases. The most recent changes will be enforced by U.S. courts entirely", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10050965", "chunk_text": "Ratification\nof international treaties is always accomplished by filing instruments of ratification as provided for in the treaty. In most democracies, the legislature authorizes the government to ratify treaties through standard legislative procedures by passing a bill. The President makes a treaty in exercise of his executive power, on the aid and the advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister, and no court of law in India may question its validity. However, no agreement or treaty entered into by the president is enforceable by the courts which is incompatible with Indian constitution/ national law, as India follows", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3419090", "chunk_text": "\"Executive agreement\"\nenabled Congress to vote to cancel an executive agreement, or to refuse to fund its implementation. Executive agreement An executive agreement is an agreement between the heads of government of two or more nations that has not been ratified by the legislature as treaties are ratified. Executive agreements are considered \"\"politically binding\"\" to distinguish them from treaties which are \"\"legally binding\"\". In the United States, executive agreements are made solely by the President of the United States. They are one of three mechanisms by which the United States enters into binding international obligations. Some authors consider executive agreements to be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1131918", "chunk_text": "Treaty\ntwo thirds of the Senators present, but sole executive agreements may be executed by the President acting alone. Some treaties grant the President the authority to fill in the gaps with executive agreements, rather than additional treaties or protocols. Finally, congressional-executive agreements require majority approval by both the House and the Senate before or after the treaty is signed by the President. Currently, international agreements are ten times more likely to be executed by executive agreement. Despite the relative ease of executive agreements, the President still often chooses to pursue the formal treaty process over an executive agreement to gain", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10050970", "chunk_text": "Ratification\nand do not require ratification of two thirds of the Senate. Congressional-executive agreements are passed by a majority of both houses of Congress as a regular law. If the agreement is completely within the President's constitutional powers, it can be made by the President alone without Congressional approval, but it will have the force of an executive order and can be unilaterally revoked by a future President. All types of agreements are treated internationally as \"\"treaties\"\". See Foreign policy of the United States#Law. In Australia, power to enter into treaties is an executive power within Section 51 of the Australian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5295917", "chunk_text": "\"Treaty Clause\"\nRepresentatives and the signature of the President. Throughout American history, presidents have also made international agreements through congressional-executive agreements, that are ratified with only a majority from both houses of Congress, or executive agreements, made by the President—in the exercise of his Constitutional executive powers—alone. Though the Constitution does not expressly provide for any alternative to the Article II treaty procedure, of the Constitution does distinguish between treaties (which states are forbidden to make) and agreements (which states may make with the consent of Congress). The Supreme Court has considered congressional-executive and executive agreements to be valid, and they have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13999916", "chunk_text": "\"Executive agreement\"\nExecutive agreement An executive agreement is an agreement between the heads of government of two or more nations that has not been ratified by the legislature as treaties are ratified. Executive agreements are considered \"\"politically binding\"\" to distinguish them from treaties which are \"\"legally binding\"\". In the United States, executive agreements are made solely by the President of the United States. They are one of three mechanisms by which the United States enters into binding international obligations. Some authors consider executive agreements to be treaties under international law in that they bind both the United States and another sovereign state.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6270352", "chunk_text": "\"United States Congress\"\nnegotiated by the President must be ratified by a two-thirds majority vote in the Senate to take effect. As a result, presidential arm-twisting of senators can happen before a key vote; for example, President Obama's secretary of state, Hillary Clinton, urged her former senate colleagues to approve a nuclear arms treaty with Russia in 2010. The House of Representatives has no formal role in either the ratification of treaties or the appointment of federal officials, other than in in the office of the vice president; in such a case, a majority vote in each House is required to confirm a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5295925", "chunk_text": "\"Treaty Clause\"\nof Congress, or (4) from a prior treaty. Agreements beyond these competencies must have the approval of Congress (for congressional-executive agreements) or the Senate (for treaties). In 1972, Congress passed legislation requiring the president to notify Congress of any executive agreements that are formed. Although the nondelegation doctrine prevents Congress from delegating its legislative authority to the executive branch, Congress has allowed the executive to act as Congress's \"\"agent\"\" in trade negotiations, such as by setting tariffs, and, in the case of Trade Promotion Authority, by solely authoring the implementing legislation for trade agreements. The constitutionality of this delegation was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14304013", "chunk_text": "\"Article Two of the United States Constitution\"\nPresident George Washington organized the principle officers of the executive departments into the Cabinet, a practice that subsequent presidents have followed. The Treaty Clause grants the president the power to enter into treaties with the approval of two-thirds of the Senate. The Appointments Clause grants the president the power to appoint judges and public officials subject to the advice and consent of the Senate, which in practice has meant that presidential appointees must be confirmed by a majority vote in the Senate. The Appointments Clause also establishes that Congress can, by law, allow the president, the courts, or the heads", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5295924", "chunk_text": "\"Treaty Clause\"\nthe President has the power to break a treaty without the approval of Congress, and the courts also declined to interfere when President George W. Bush unilaterally withdrew the United States from the ABM Treaty in 2002, six months after giving the required notice of intent. Presidents have regarded the Article II treaty process as necessary where an international accord would bind a future president. For example, Theodore Roosevelt explained: A \"\"sole-executive agreement\"\" can only be negotiated and entered into through the president's authority (1) in foreign policy, (2) as commander-in-chief of the armed forces, (3) from a prior act", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6259499", "chunk_text": "\"United States Constitution\"\ncall for one). Second, there are two procedures for ratifying the proposed amendment, which requires three-fourths of the states' (presently 38 of 50) approval: (a) consent of the state legislatures, or (b) consent of state ratifying conventions. The ratification method is chosen by Congress for each amendment. State ratifying conventions were used only once, for the Twenty-first Amendment. Presently, the Archivist of the United States is charged with responsibility for administering the ratification process under the provisions of 1 U.S. Code . The Archivist submits the proposed amendment to the states for their consideration by sending a letter of notification", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19105249", "chunk_text": "\"United States Senate\"\nan equal vote in the process. However, not all international agreements are considered treaties under US domestic law, even if they are considered treaties under international law. Congress has passed laws authorizing the president to conclude executive agreements without action by the Senate. Similarly, the president may make congressional-executive agreements with the approval of a simple majority in each House of Congress, rather than a two-thirds majority in the Senate. Neither executive agreements nor congressional-executive agreements are mentioned in the Constitution, leading some scholars such as Laurence Tribe and John Yoo to suggest that they unconstitutionally circumvent the treaty-ratification process.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20566425", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child\"\nto the Senate. President Barack Obama has described the failure to ratify the Convention as 'embarrassing' and promised to review this. The Obama administration said that it intended to submit the Convention to the Senate, but failed to do so. As of June 2018, the Trump administration has not ratified the convention. States may when ratifying the Convention, ratify subject to reservations or interpretations. Besides other obligations, ratification of the Convention would require the United States to submit reports, outlining its implementation on the domestic level, to the U.N. Committee on the Rights of the Child, a panel of child", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18317695", "chunk_text": "\"Chief of Protocol\"\nChief of Protocol The Chief of Protocol is an officer of the United States Department of State responsible for advising the President of the United States, the Vice President, and the Secretary of State on matters of national and international diplomatic protocol. The Chief of Protocol holds the rank of Ambassador and Assistant Secretary of State. The chief arranges itineraries for foreign dignitaries visiting the U.S. and accompanies the president on all official international travel. Additionally, the office is responsible for accrediting foreign diplomats and publishing the list of foreign consular offices in the U.S., organizing ceremonies for treaty signings,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1131917", "chunk_text": "Treaty\nFor subjects on the concurrent list, both governments can make laws. However, to implement international treaties, Parliament can legislate on any subject and even override the general division of subject lists. In the United States, the term \"\"treaty\"\" has a different, more restricted legal sense than in international law. US law distinguishes what it calls \"\"treaties\"\" from \"\"executive agreements\"\", which are either \"\"congressional-executive agreements\"\" or \"\"sole executive agreements\"\". The classes are all equally treaties under international law; they are distinct only in internal US law. The distinctions are primarily concerning their method of approval. Treaties require advice and consent by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14303580", "chunk_text": "\"United States and the International Criminal Court\"\nto assess the functioning of the Court. He nonetheless supported the proposed role of the ICC and its objectives: A treaty becomes part of the municipal law of a nation only when the treaty has been ratified, accepted, or acceded to. In the U.S., the Constitution gives the President power to negotiate treaties under the Treaty Clause of Article Two. The President must then submit a treaty to the Senate for advice and consent for ratification, and the Senate must approve the treaty by a two-thirds majority before it can take effect. The Senate may submit amendments, reservations, or explanations", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13384927", "chunk_text": "\"Bricker Amendment\"\nthey also make domestic law. Under our Constitution, treaties become the Supreme Law of the Land. They are indeed more supreme than ordinary laws, for Congressional laws are invalid if they do not conform to the Constitution, whereas treaty laws can override the Constitution.\"\" Dulles said the power to make treaties \"\"is an extraordinary power liable to abuse.\"\" Senator Everett Dirksen, a Republican of Illinois, declared, \"\"we are in a new era of international organizations. They are grinding out treaties like so many eager beavers which will have effects on the rights of American citizens.\"\" Eisenhower's Attorney General Herbert Brownell", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2679666", "chunk_text": "\"Article Two of the United States Constitution\"\ndecide U.S. foreign policy and can enter into non-binding discussions and give conditional approval to agreements reached with foreign governments subject to Senate ratification at a future date. Additionally, since official treaties are specifically created under and by constitutional U.S. law and are entered into by both government and the people as a whole, in their capacity as head of state and as the single individual representative of the United States and its citizens, the President does have Coauthority and Constitutional duty to unilaterally withdraw the United States from treaties if he or she determines the best interests and well", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17497286", "chunk_text": "\"Advice and consent\"\nthrough that of Parliament that legislation is created. In the United States, \"\"advice and consent\"\" is a power of the United States Senate to be consulted on and approve treaties signed and appointments made by the President of the United States to public positions, including Cabinet secretaries, federal judges, United States Attorneys, and ambassadors. This power is also held by several state Senates, which are consulted on and approve various appointments made by the state's chief executive, such as some statewide officials, state departmental heads in the Governor's cabinet, and state judges (in some states). The term \"\"advice and consent\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5295920", "chunk_text": "\"Treaty Clause\"\ncannot. In general, arms control agreements are often ratified by the treaty mechanism. At the same time, trade agreements (such as the North American Free Trade Agreement and United States accession to the World Trade Organization) are generally voted on as a CEA, and such agreements typically include an explicit right to withdraw after giving sufficient written notice to the other parties. If an international commercial accord contains binding \"\"treaty\"\" commitments, then a two-thirds vote of the Senate may be required. Between 1946 and 1999, the United States completed nearly 16,000 international agreements. Only 912 of those agreements were treaties,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14276318", "chunk_text": "Treaty\nPresident’s treaty making by providing that no Indian nation or tribe shall be acknowledged as an independent nation, tribe, or power with whom the United States may contract by treaty. The federal government continued to provide similar contractual relations with the Indian tribes after 1871 by agreements, statutes, and executive orders. Treaty A treaty is an agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely sovereign states and international organizations. A treaty may also be known as an (international) agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, pact, or exchange of letters, among other terms. Regardless of terminology, all of these", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5539870", "chunk_text": "\"President of the United States\"\nKorean War, the Vietnam War, and the invasions of Grenada in 1983 and Panama in 1989. The constitution also empowers the President to propose and chiefly negotiate agreements between the United States and other countries. Such agreements become, upon receiving the advice and consent of the U.S. Senate (by a two-thirds majority vote), become binding with the force of federal law. The president is the head of the executive branch of the federal government and is constitutionally obligated to \"\"take care that the laws be faithfully executed\"\". The executive branch has over four million employees, including members of the military.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19179322", "chunk_text": "Promulgation\nof the following ways: signed by the President of the United States; neither signed nor vetoed by the President within ten days from reception (excluding Sundays) while the Congress is in session; or, when both the Senate and the House of Representatives vote, by a two-thirds majority in each chamber, to override a presidential veto during its session. In United States administrative law, a federal regulation may be said to be formally promulgated when it appears in the \"\"Federal Register\"\" and after the public-comment period concludes. Amendments to the United States Constitution attain force of law \"\"when ratified by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1771995", "chunk_text": "\"United States Statutes at Large\"\nindex, and publish the \"\"Statutes at Large\"\". Since 1985 the \"\"Statutes at Large\"\" have been prepared and published by the Office of the Federal Register (OFR) of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Until 1948, all treaties and international agreements approved by the United States Senate were also published in the set, but these now appear in a publication titled \"\"United States Treaties and Other International Agreements\"\", abbreviated U.S.T. In addition, the \"\"Statutes at Large\"\" includes the text of the Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, the Constitution, amendments to the Constitution, treaties with Indians and foreign nations, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6334589", "chunk_text": "Ratification\nbe able to block or at least impede such implementation by refusing to vote for the appropriation of the necessary funds. The President usually submits a treaty to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee (SFRC) along with an accompanying resolution of ratification or accession. If the treaty and resolution receive favorable committee consideration (a committee vote in favor of ratification or accession), the treaty is then forwarded to the floor of the full Senate for such a vote. The treaty or legislation does not apply until it has been ratified. A multilateral agreement may provide that it will take effect upon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10411871", "chunk_text": "\"History of international law\"\nratifies treaties its own way. The United States requires the two-thirds support of the Senate, the upper body of its legislature, for a treaty to be ratified; both the executive and the legislature must agree. In Canada, on the other hand, ratification is strictly an executive action, and no parliamentary approval is required before the nation is bound. Modern treaties are interpreted according to the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. This convention is so widely accepted that even nations that are not parties to the convention follow it. The convention's most important and sensible rule is that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6967957", "chunk_text": "\"United States House of Representatives\"\nBoth Houses must pass the same version of the bill; if there are differences, they may be resolved by a conference committee, which includes members of both bodies. For the stages through which bills pass in the Senate, see Act of Congress. The President may veto a bill passed by the House and Senate. If he does, the bill does not become law unless each House, by a two-thirds vote, votes to override the veto. The Constitution provides that the Senate's \"\"advice and consent\"\" is necessary for the President to make appointments and to ratify treaties. Thus, with its potential", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11996793", "chunk_text": "\"Incorporation of international law\"\nSupremacy Clause (VI.2) of the United States Constitution states that \"\"all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the land.\"\" However, the term \"\"treaty\"\" has a more restricted sense in American law than in international law. Of the more than 16,000 international agreements entered into by the United States between 1946 and 1999, only 912 were ratified by the required two thirds of the US Senate of the Treaty Clause of the Constitution. The US Supreme Court has also limited the direct effect of ratified treaties, notably", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13384913", "chunk_text": "\"Bricker Amendment\"\n\"\"Missouri v. Holland\"\", the United States Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the new law. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, writing for the Court, declared: Acts of Congress are the supreme law of the land only when made in pursuance of the Constitution, while treaties are declared to be so when made under the authority of the United States. It is open to question whether the authority of the United States means more than the formal acts prescribed to make the convention. We do not mean to imply that there are no qualifications to the treaty-making power; but they must be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12753973", "chunk_text": "\"Treaties and Other International Acts Series\"\nTreaties and Other International Acts Series The Treaties and Other International Acts Series (TIAS) are a series of pamphlets or \"\"slip\"\" treaties published by the United States Department of State under the authority of the United States Secretary of State. , codified at , mentions them as alternatives to the edition of the laws and treaties of the United States published by Little and Brown and publications of the laws of the United States issued under the authority of the Archivist of the United States. Regulations on reporting are contained at . They replaced the \"\"Treaty Series\"\" (TS or USTS),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7265226", "chunk_text": "CIFTA\nare Canada, Jamaica, and the United States. Each of the three non-ratifying states are signatories to it. U.S. President Barack Obama has proposed that the U.S. Senate ratify CIFTA. Opponents are concerned that the measures contained within CIFTA could criminalize activities such as reloading ammunition if they are done without a license. Other provisions make unlicensed modification to any weapon a serious crime. Furthermore, there are provisions that expand infractions to larger groups of people effectively holding an organization responsible for the actions of a single member. CIFTA The Inter-American Convention Against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10908854", "chunk_text": "\"Law of the United States\"\nLaw of the United States The law of the United States comprises many levels of codified and uncodified forms of law, of which the most important is the United States Constitution, the foundation of the federal government of the United States. The Constitution sets out the boundaries of federal law, which consists of acts of Congress, treaties ratified by the Senate, regulations promulgated by the executive branch, and case law originating from the federal judiciary. The United States Code is the official compilation and codification of general and permanent federal statutory law. Federal law and treaties, so long as they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1146509", "chunk_text": "\"Article Two of the United States Constitution\"\nto possess power. It is a part of the Constitutional scheme. When granted it is the determination of the ultimate authority that the public welfare will be better served by inflicting less than what the judgment fixed.\"\" The President exercises the powers in the Advice and Consent Clause with the advice and consent of the Senate. The President may enter the United States into treaties, but they are not effective until ratified by a two-thirds vote in the Senate. In Article II however, the Constitution is not very explicit about the termination of treaties. The first abrogation of a treaty", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19154891", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Congress in relation to the president and Supreme Court\"\nsenators can happen before a key vote; for example, President Obama's secretary of state, Hillary Clinton, urged her former senate colleagues to approve a nuclear arms treaty with Russia in 2010. The House of Representatives has no formal role in either the ratification of treaties or the appointment of federal officials, other than in the office of Vice-President; a vote in each House is required to confirm a president's nomination for vice-president if a vacancy happens. In 1803, the Supreme Court established judicial review of federal legislation in Marbury v. Madison, holding, however, that Congress could not grant unconstitutional power", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16863335", "chunk_text": "\"Ponsonby Rule\"\nby the legislature before they can formally enter into force and bind the country in question. This is particularly the case in states where international treaties become part of domestic law directly, without the need for special implementation as required in the case of the United Kingdom. In countries with a strong separation of powers, this may lead to treaties being signed by the executive, but not coming into force because of legislative opposition. In the United States, the president must submit treaties to the Senate for its advice and consent to ratification, which requires a two-thirds vote. A famous", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14304045", "chunk_text": "\"Article Two of the United States Constitution\"\nof terminating treaties. The first unambiguous case of a President terminating a treaty without authorization, granted prior to or after the termination, occurred when Jimmy Carter terminated a treaty with the Republic of China. For the first time, judicial determination was sought, but the effort proved futile: the Supreme Court could not find a majority agreeing on any particular principle, and therefore instructed the trial court to dismiss the case. The President may also appoint judges, ambassadors, consuls, ministers and other officers with the advice and consent of the Senate. By law, however, Congress may allow the President, heads of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1003730", "chunk_text": "\"Article Seven of the United States Constitution\"\nArticle Seven of the United States Constitution Article Seven of the United States Constitution sets the number of state ratifications necessary in order for the Constitution to take effect and prescribes the method through which the states may ratify it. Under the terms of Article VII, constitutional ratification conventions were held in each of the thirteen states, with the ratification of nine states required for the Constitution take effect. Delaware was the first state to ratify the Constitution, doing so on December 7, 1787. On June 21, 1788, New Hampshire became the ninth state to ratify the Constitution, ensuring that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12753974", "chunk_text": "\"Treaties and Other International Acts Series\"\nissued singly in pamphlets until 1945, and the \"\"Executive Agreement Series\"\" (EAS), issued singly in pamphlets until 1945. Treaties and Other International Acts Series The Treaties and Other International Acts Series (TIAS) are a series of pamphlets or \"\"slip\"\" treaties published by the United States Department of State under the authority of the United States Secretary of State. , codified at , mentions them as alternatives to the edition of the laws and treaties of the United States published by Little and Brown and publications of the laws of the United States issued under the authority of the Archivist of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1131919", "chunk_text": "Treaty\ncongressional support on matters that require the Congress to pass implementing legislation or appropriate funds as well as for agreements that impose long-term, complex legal obligations on the US. For example, the deal by the United States, Iran, and other countries is not a treaty. See the article on the Bricker Amendment for history of the relationship between treaty powers and Constitutional provisions. The US Supreme Court ruled in the Head Money Cases that \"\"treaties\"\" do not have a privileged position over Acts of Congress and can be repealed or modified, for the purposes of US law, by any subsequent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1131913", "chunk_text": "Treaty\nlegislation, treaties cannot impose obligations on individuals nor create rights in domestic law. Nevertheless, international law, including treaty law, is a legitimate and important influence on the development of the common law and may be used in the interpretation of statutes.\"\" Treaties can be implemented by executive action, and often, existing laws are sufficient to ensure a treaty is honoured. Australian treaties generally fall under the following categories: extradition, postal agreements and money orders, trade and international conventions. The federal constitution of Brazil states that the power to enter into treaties is vested in the president of Brazil and that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14312029", "chunk_text": "\"United States Congress\"\nare typically affiliated with the Republican Party or with the Democratic Party and only rarely with a third party or independents. Article One of the United States Constitution states, \"\"All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.\"\" The House and Senate are equal partners in the legislative process—legislation cannot be enacted without the consent of both chambers. However, the Constitution grants each chamber some unique powers. The Senate ratifies treaties and approves presidential appointments while the House initiates revenue-raising bills. The House initiates", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19628415", "chunk_text": "\"History of the United States Constitution\"\nwere \"\"revised, corrected and enlarged\"\" for good government and preservation of the Union. The Senate is elected by the states, at first by the state legislatures. Congress passes acts for revenue collected directly in the states, and the rulings of state courts are reviewed by the Supreme Court. State apportionment for taxes failed, but the 'house' is apportioned by the population count of free inhabitants and three-fifths of others originally. States can be added to the Union. Presidents appoint federal judges. Treaties entered into by Congress are the supreme law of the land. All state judiciaries are bound to enforce", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_376	where was the hindenburg scheduled to fly and how many passengers were on it?	n/a	[ "36 passengers" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7970136", "chunk_text": "\"Hindenburg disaster\"\nto shuttle the passengers from Lakehurst to Newark for connections to airplane flights. Except for strong headwinds that slowed its progress, the Atlantic crossing of the \"\"Hindenburg\"\" was otherwise unremarkable until the airship attempted an early-evening landing at Lakehurst three days later on May 6. Although carrying only half its full capacity of passengers (36 of 70) and crewmen (61, including 21 crewman trainees) for the accident flight, the \"\"Hindenburg\"\" was fully booked for its return flight. Many of the passengers with tickets to Germany were planning to attend the coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in London", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7970135", "chunk_text": "\"Hindenburg disaster\"\nput forward for both the cause of ignition and the initial fuel for the ensuing fire. The event shattered public confidence in the giant, passenger-carrying rigid airship and marked the abrupt end of the airship era. After opening its 1937 season by completing a single round-trip passage to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in late March, the \"\"Hindenburg\"\" departed from Frankfurt, Germany, on the evening of May 3, on the first of 10 round trips between Europe and the United States that were scheduled for its second year of commercial service. American Airlines had contracted with the operators of the \"\"Hindenburg\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17861083", "chunk_text": "\"Hindenburg disaster\"\nHindenburg disaster The \"\"Hindenburg\"\" disaster occurred on May 6, 1937, in Manchester Township, New Jersey, United States. The German passenger airship LZ 129 \"\"Hindenburg\"\" caught fire and was destroyed during its attempt to dock with its mooring mast at Naval Air Station Lakehurst. On board were 97 people (36 passengers and 61 crewmen); there were 36 fatalities (13 passengers and 22 crewmen, 1 worker on the ground). The disaster was the subject of spectacular newsreel coverage, photographs, and Herbert Morrison's recorded radio eyewitness reports from the landing field, which were broadcast the next day. A variety of hypotheses have been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8481896", "chunk_text": "\"Hindenburg-class airship\"\nservices commenced on 31 March 1936 with the first of seven round trips to Rio de Janeiro that \"\"Hindenburg\"\" was to make during her first passenger season. Together with ten round trips to New York City, \"\"Hindenburg\"\" covered that year with 2,798 passengers and 160 tons of freight and mail. Following refurbishment during the winter, \"\"Hindenburg\"\" set out on her first flight to North America for the 1937 season (she had already made one return trip to South America in 1937) on 3 May, bound for New York. This flight would end in tragedy with \"\"Hindenburg\"\" being utterly consumed by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16837651", "chunk_text": "\"LZ 129 Hindenburg\"\nlower rudder was increased from 8 to 14 degrees. \"\"Hindenburg\"\" made 17 round trips across the Atlantic in 1936—its first and only full year of service—with ten trips to the United States and seven to Brazil. The flights were considered demonstrative rather than routine in schedule. The first passenger trip across the North Atlantic left Frankfurt on 6 May with 56 crew and 50 passengers, arriving in Lakehurst on 9 May. As the elevation at Rhein-Main's airfield lies at above sea level, the airship could lift more at takeoff there than it could from Friedrichshafen which was situated at .", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16892153", "chunk_text": "\"Hindenburg disaster\"\nthe \"\"Hindenburg\"\" fire; many were caused by bad weather. The \"\"Graf Zeppelin\"\" had flown safely for more than 1.6 million kilometers (1.0 million miles), including the first circumnavigation of the globe by an airship. The Zeppelin company's promotions had prominently featured the fact that no passenger had been injured on any of its airships. Despite the sheer ferocity of the colossal fire, many of the crew members and passengers survived, but the majority of them were severely burned. Of the 36 passengers and 61 crewmen, 13 passengers and 22 aircrewmen died. Also killed was one ground crewman, the civilian linesman", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9473684", "chunk_text": "\"LZ 129 Hindenburg\"\nLZ 129 Hindenburg LZ 129 \"\"Hindenburg\"\" (; Registration: D-LZ 129) was a large German commercial passenger-carrying rigid airship, the lead ship of the \"\"Hindenburg\"\" class, the longest class of flying machine and the largest airship by envelope volume. It was designed and built by the Zeppelin Company (\"\"Luftschiffbau Zeppelin GmbH\"\") on the shores of Lake Constance in Friedrichshafen and was operated by the German Zeppelin Airline Company (\"\"Deutsche Zeppelin-Reederei\"\"). The airship flew from March 1936 until it was destroyed by fire 14 months later on May 6, 1937 while attempting to land at Lakehurst Naval Air Station in Manchester Township,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9485036", "chunk_text": "Airship\nthe operation was almost profitable. In the mid-1930s work started to build an airship designed specifically to operate a passenger service across the Atlantic. The \"\"Hindenburg\"\" (LZ 129) completed a successful 1936 season, carrying passengers between Lakehurst, New Jersey and Germany. 1937 started with the most spectacular and widely remembered airship accident. Approaching the Lakehurst mooring mast minutes before landing on 6 May 1937, the \"\"Hindenburg\"\" burst into flames and crashed. Of the 97 people aboard, 36 died: 13 passengers, 22 aircrew, and one American ground-crewman. The disaster happened before a large crowd, was filmed and a radio news reporter", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16837639", "chunk_text": "\"LZ 129 Hindenburg\"\nover a three-week period from the Zeppelin dockyards where the airship had been built, \"\"Hindenburg\"\" was ready for its formal public debut with a 4,100-mile (6,598 km) propaganda flight around Germany (\"\"Die Deutschlandfahrt\"\") made jointly with the \"\"Graf Zeppelin\"\" from March 26 to 29. This was to be followed by its first commercial passenger flight, a four-day transatlantic voyage to Rio de Janeiro that departed from the Friedrichshafen Airport in nearby Löwenthal on March 31. After again departing from Löwenthal on 6 May on its first of ten round trips to North America made in 1936, all \"\"Hindenburg\"\"s subsequent transatlantic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5086250", "chunk_text": "\"LZ 129 Hindenburg\"\nthe packed stadium while trailing the Olympic flag on a long weighted line suspended from its gondola. On September 14, the ship flew over the annual Nuremberg Rally. On October 8, 1936, \"\"Hindenburg\"\" made a 10.5 hour flight (the \"\"Millionaires Flight\"\") over New England carrying 72 wealthy and influential passengers. Winthrop W. Aldrich. Nelson Rockefeller, German and American officials and naval officers, as well as key figures in the aviation industry such as Juan Trippe of Pan American Airways. The ship arrived at Boston by noon and returned to Lakehurst at 5:22 pm before making its final transatlantic flight of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16892134", "chunk_text": "\"Hindenburg disaster\"\nthe following week. The airship was hours behind schedule when it passed over Boston on the morning of May 6, and its landing at Lakehurst was expected to be further delayed because of afternoon thunderstorms. Advised of the poor weather conditions at Lakehurst, Captain Max Pruss charted a course over Manhattan Island, causing a public spectacle as people rushed out into the street to catch sight of the airship. After passing over the field at 4:00 p.m., Captain Pruss took passengers on a tour over the seasides of New Jersey while waiting for the weather to clear. After finally being", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8481897", "chunk_text": "\"Hindenburg-class airship\"\nfire as she prepared to dock at NAS Lakehurst in New Jersey. By the time the \"\"Graf Zeppelin II\"\" was completed, it was obvious that the ship would never serve its intended purpose as a passenger liner; the lack of a supply of inert helium was one cause. The ship was christened and made her first flight on September 14, 1938, making a circuit from Friedrichshafen to München, Augsburg, Ulm, and back. The total distance covered was . The \"\"Graf Zeppelin II\"\" made a total of thirty flights, mainly spy missions for the Luftwaffe. In April 1940, Hermann Göring issued", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4955908", "chunk_text": "Zeppelin\n\"\"Hindenburg\"\" (named after former President of Germany, Paul von Hindenburg) made its first flight. The \"\"Hindenburg\"\" was the largest airship ever built. It had been designed to use non-flammable helium, but the only supplies of the gas were controlled by the United States, who refused to allow its export. So, in what proved to be a fatal decision, the \"\"Hindenburg\"\" was filled with flammable hydrogen. Apart from the propaganda missions, \"\"LZ 129\"\" was used on the transatlantic service alongside \"\"Graf Zeppelin\"\". On 6 May 1937, while landing in Lakehurst after a transatlantic flight, the tail of the ship caught fire,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9476397", "chunk_text": "\"LZ 129 Hindenburg\"\nradio the LZ129's name, to which he replied \"\"\"\"Hindenburg\"\"\"\". On March 23, \"\"Hindenburg\"\" made its first passenger and mail flight, carrying 80 reporters from Friedrichshafen to Löwenthal. The ship flew over Lake Constance with \"\"Graf Zeppelin\"\". The name \"\"Hindenburg\"\" lettered in red Fraktur script (designed by Berlin advertiser Georg Wagner) was added to its hull three weeks later before the \"\"Deutschlandfahrt\"\" on March 26, no formal naming ceremony for the airship was ever held. The airship was operated commercially by the Deutsche Zeppelin Reederei (DZR) GmbH, which had been established by Hermann Göring in March 1935 to increase Nazi influence", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4955909", "chunk_text": "Zeppelin\nand within seconds, the \"\"Hindenburg\"\" burst into flames, killing 35 of the 97 people on board and 1 member of the ground crew. The cause of the fire has not been definitively determined. The investigation into the accident concluded that static electricity had ignited hydrogen which had leaked from the gasbags, although there were allegations of sabotage. 13 passengers and 22 crew, including Ernst Lehmann, were killed. Despite the apparent danger, there remained a list of 400 people who still wanted to fly as Zeppelin passengers and had paid for the trip. Their money was refunded in 1940. \"\"Graf Zeppelin\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9476415", "chunk_text": "\"LZ 129 Hindenburg\"\nbe balanced on end atop a tablet without falling. Its launches were so smooth that passengers often missed them, believing the airship was still docked to its mooring mast. A one way fare between Germany and the United States was US$400; \"\"Hindenburg\"\" passengers were affluent, usually entertainers, noted sportsmen, political figures, and leaders of industry. \"\"Hindenburg\"\" was used again for propaganda when it flew over the Olympic Stadium in Berlin on August 1 during the opening ceremonies of the 1936 Summer Olympic Games. Shortly before the arrival of Adolf Hitler to declare the Games open, the airship crossed low over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5086258", "chunk_text": "\"LZ 129 Hindenburg\"\nscrapped in 1940. LZ 129 Hindenburg LZ 129 \"\"Hindenburg\"\" (; Registration: D-LZ 129) was a large German commercial passenger-carrying rigid airship, the lead ship of the \"\"Hindenburg\"\" class, the longest class of flying machine and the largest airship by envelope volume. It was designed and built by the Zeppelin Company (\"\"Luftschiffbau Zeppelin GmbH\"\") on the shores of Lake Constance in Friedrichshafen and was operated by the German Zeppelin Airline Company (\"\"Deutsche Zeppelin-Reederei\"\"). The airship flew from March 1936 until it was destroyed by fire 14 months later on May 6, 1937 while attempting to land at Lakehurst Naval Air Station", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14800483", "chunk_text": "\"Hindenburg-class airship\"\nonly for peaceful purposes. After the annexation of Austria in March 1938, U.S. Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes refused to supply the gas, and the \"\"Graf Zeppelin\"\" was also filled with hydrogen. \"\"Hindenburg\"\" made her first flight on 4 March 1936, but before commencing her intended role as a passenger liner, was put to use for propaganda purposes by the Nazi government. Together with LZ 127 \"\"Graf Zeppelin\"\", she spent four days dropping leaflets, playing music, and making radio broadcasts in the lead up to the March 29 plebiscite mandating Hitler's Chancellorship and remilitarization of the Rhineland. Commercial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8540405", "chunk_text": "\"Transatlantic flight\"\nIn the summer of 1931 a South Atlantic route was introduced, from Frankfurt and Friedrichshafen to Recife and Rio de Janeiro. Between 1931 and 1937 the \"\"Graf Zeppelin\"\" crossed the South Atlantic 136 times. DELAG introduced the \"\"Hindenburg\"\", which began passenger flights in 1936 and made 36 Atlantic crossings (North and South). The first passenger trip across the North Atlantic left Friedrichshafen on 6 May with 56 crew and 50 passengers, arriving Lakehurst on 9 May. Fare was $400 one way; the ten westward trips that season took 53 to 78 hours and eastward took 43 to 61 hours. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5086254", "chunk_text": "\"LZ 129 Hindenburg\"\nan altitude of with Captain Max Pruss in command. At 7:21 pm a pair of landing lines were dropped from the nose of the ship and were grabbed hold of by ground handlers. Four minutes later, at 7:25 pm \"\"Hindenburg\"\" suddenly burst into flames and dropped to the ground in a little over half a minute. Of the 36 passengers and 61 crew aboard, 13 passengers and 22 crew died, as well as one member of the ground crew, a total of 36 lives lost. Herbert Morrison's commentary of the incident became a classic of audio history. The exact location", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16892135", "chunk_text": "\"Hindenburg disaster\"\nnotified at 6:22 p.m. that the storms had passed, Pruss directed the airship back to Lakehurst to make its landing almost half a day late. However, as this would leave much less time than anticipated to service and prepare the airship for its scheduled departure back to Europe, the public was informed that they would not be permitted at the mooring location or be able to visit aboard the \"\"Hindenburg\"\" during its stay in port. Around 7:00 p.m. local time, at an altitude of , the \"\"Hindenburg\"\" made its final approach to the Lakehurst Naval Air Station. This was to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17861186", "chunk_text": "\"Hindenburg disaster\"\nBefore the airship's takeoff on March 26, 1936, Ernst Lehmann chose to launch the \"\"Hindenburg\"\" with the wind blowing from behind the airship, instead of into the wind as per standard procedure. During the takeoff, the airship's tail struck the ground, and part of the lower fin was broken. Although that damage was repaired, the force of the impact may have caused internal damage. Only six days before the disaster, it was planned to make the \"\"Hindenburg\"\" have a hook on her hull to carry aircraft in a similar way to what the US Navy did with the USS \"\"Akron\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11017197", "chunk_text": "Airline\nGermany lacked colonies, it also began expanding its services globally. In 1931, the airship Graf Zeppelin began offering regular scheduled passenger service between Germany and South America, usually every two weeks, which continued until 1937. In 1936, the airship Hindenburg entered passenger service and successfully crossed the Atlantic 36 times before crashing at Lakehurst, New Jersey, on May 6, 1937. From February 1934 until World War II began in 1939 Deutsche Lufthansa operated an airmail service from Stuttgart, Germany via Spain, the Canary Islands and West Africa to Natal in Brazil. This was the first time an airline flew across", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3215245", "chunk_text": "\"Hindenburg-class airship\"\nHindenburg-class airship The two \"\"Hindenburg\"\"-class airships were hydrogen-filled, passenger-carrying rigid airships built in Germany in the 1930s and named in honor of Paul von Hindenburg. They were the last such aircraft ever built, and in terms of their length and volume, the largest Zeppelins ever to fly. During the 1930s, airships like the \"\"Hindenburg\"\" class were widely considered the future of air travel, and the lead ship of the class, LZ 129 \"\"Hindenburg\"\", established a regular transatlantic service. The destruction of this same ship in a highly publicized accident was to prove the death knell for these expectations. The second", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16892154", "chunk_text": "\"Hindenburg disaster\"\nAllen Hagaman. Ten passengers and 16 crewmen died in the crash or in the fire. The majority of the victims were burnt to death, while others died jumping from the airship at an excessive height, or as a consequence of either smoke inhalation or falling debris. Six other crewmembers, three passengers and Allen Hagaman died in the following hours or days, mostly as a consequence of the burns. The majority of the crewmen who died were up inside the ship's hull, where they either did not have a clear escape route or else were close to the bow of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5086231", "chunk_text": "\"LZ 129 Hindenburg\"\neffect of employing hydrogen was that more passenger cabins could be added. The Germans' long history of flying hydrogen-filled passenger airships without a single injury or fatality engendered a widely held belief they had mastered the safe use of hydrogen. \"\"Hindenburg\"\"s first season performance appeared to demonstrate this. Five years after construction began in 1931, \"\"Hindenburg\"\" made its maiden test flight from the Zeppelin dockyards at Friedrichshafen on March 4, 1936, with 87 passengers and crew aboard. These included the Zeppelin Company chairman, Dr. Hugo Eckener, as commander, former World War I Zeppelin commander Lt. Col. Joachim Breithaupt representing the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9568683", "chunk_text": "\"LZ 130 Graf Zeppelin II\"\nand transported from the shed to the hangar using tracks on the field. 14 February 1937 – The nose cone was installed. In the same month, the fabric was also applied over the framework. 6 May 1937 – The LZ 129 \"\"Hindenburg\"\" bursts into flames and crashes while landing at Lakehurst, NJ, killing 35 out of 97 people on board and one member of the ground crew. Although the LZ 130 was planned to be launched later in the year with a passenger flight route to Rio de Janeiro on October 27, the disaster halted this plan and prompted several", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7971052", "chunk_text": "\"Hindenburg disaster\"\nit is marked with a chain-outlined pad and bronze plaque where the airship's gondola landed. It was dedicated on May 6, 1987, the 50th anniversary of the disaster. Hangar No.1, which still stands, is where the airship was to be housed after landing. It was designated a Registered National Historic Landmark in 1968. Pre-registered tours are held through the Navy Lakehurst Historical Society. Notes Citations Bibliography Hindenburg disaster The \"\"Hindenburg\"\" disaster occurred on May 6, 1937, in Manchester Township, New Jersey, United States. The German passenger airship LZ 129 \"\"Hindenburg\"\" caught fire and was destroyed during its attempt to dock", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16592557", "chunk_text": "\"Frankfurt Airport\"\n127 \"\" Graf Zeppelin \"\" and LZ 129 \"\" Hindenburg \"\". In 1938 Frankfurt was a central distribution point for the transport of airmail to North America. On 6 May 1937, it came to a serious accident: The \"\" Hindenburg \"\", on the way from Frankfurt to New York, exploded shortly before application in the landing area of Lakehurst, 36 people died. The accident marked the end of the regular air shipping traffic and the end of the era of airships. After the beginning of World War II in 1939 all foreign airlines left the airport and control of air", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16892166", "chunk_text": "\"Hindenburg disaster\"\nSouth America, which was a popular destination for German tourists, both airships passed through thunderstorms and were struck by lightning but remained unharmed. Most members of the crew refused to believe that one of them would commit an act of sabotage, insisting only a passenger could have destroyed the airship. A suspect favored by Commander Rosendahl, Captain Pruss, and others among the \"\"Hindenburg's\"\" crew, was passenger Joseph Späh, a German acrobat who survived the fire. He brought with him a dog, a German shepherd named Ulla, as a surprise for his children (Ulla did not survive the crash). He reportedly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16892136", "chunk_text": "\"Hindenburg disaster\"\nbe a high landing, known as a \"\"flying moor\"\", because the airship would drop its landing ropes and mooring cable at a high altitude, and then be winched down to the mooring mast. This type of landing maneuver would reduce the number of ground crewmen, but would require more time. Although the high landing was a common procedure for American airships, the \"\"Hindenburg\"\" had only performed this maneuver a few times in 1936 while landing in Lakehurst. At 7:09, the airship made a sharp full-speed left turn to the west around the landing field because the ground crew was not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16892137", "chunk_text": "\"Hindenburg disaster\"\nready. At 7:11, it turned back toward the landing field and valved gas. All engines idled ahead and the airship began to slow. Captain Pruss ordered aft engines full astern at 7:14 while at an altitude of , to try to brake the airship. At 7:17, the wind shifted direction from east to southwest, and Captain Pruss ordered a second sharp turn starboard, making an s-shaped flightpath towards the mooring mast. At 7:18, as the final turn progressed, Pruss ordered 300, 300 and 500 kg of water ballast in successive drops because the airship was stern-heavy. The forward gas cells", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20115771", "chunk_text": "\"LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin\"\nZeppelin II\"\" (LZ 130) were formally sealed on 4 March 1940, when German Air Minister Hermann Göring issued a decree ordering both to be immediately scrapped for salvage and their duralumin airframes and other structures to be melted down for reuse by the German military aircraft industry. LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin LZ 127 \"\"Graf Zeppelin\"\" (; Registration: D-LZ 127) was a German-built and -operated, passenger-carrying, hydrogen-filled, rigid airship which operated commercially from 1928 to 1937. When it entered commercial service in 1928, it became the first commercial passenger transatlantic flight service in the world. It was named after the German", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16837640", "chunk_text": "\"LZ 129 Hindenburg\"\nflights to both North and South America originated at the airport at Frankfurt am Main. Although designed and built for commercial transatlantic passenger, air freight, and mail service, at the behest of the Reich Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda (\"\"Reichsministerium für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda\"\" or \"\"Propagandaministerium\"\"), \"\"Hindenburg\"\" was first pressed into use by the Air Ministry (its DLZ co-operator) as a vehicle for the delivery of Nazi propaganda. On March 7, 1936, ground forces of the German Reich had entered and occupied the Rhineland, a region bordering the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium, and France, which had been designated in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17861105", "chunk_text": "\"Hindenburg disaster\"\nphotographs, as well as Herbert Morrison's eyewitness radio report for station WLS in Chicago, which was broadcast the next day. Heavy publicity about the first transatlantic passenger flight of the year by Zeppelin to the United States attracted a large number of journalists to the landing. (The airship had already made one round trip from Germany to Brazil that year.) Morrison's broadcast remains one of the most famous in history. Parts of it were later dubbed onto newsreel footage, giving the impression that the words and film were recorded together. His plaintive, \"\"Oh, the humanity!\"\" has been widely used in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5086253", "chunk_text": "\"LZ 129 Hindenburg\"\ntesting. After making the first South American flight of the 1937 season in late March, \"\"Hindenburg\"\" left Frankfurt for Lakehurst on the evening of 3 May, on its first scheduled round trip between Europe and North America that season. Although strong headwinds slowed the crossing, the flight had otherwise proceeded routinely as it approached for a landing three days later. \"\"Hindenburg\"\"s arrival on 6 May was delayed for several hours to avoid a line of thunderstorms passing over Lakehurst, but around 7:00 pm the airship was cleared for its final approach to the Naval Air Station, which it made at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5120520", "chunk_text": "\"Junkers G.38\"\nwas changed to D-AZUR. Meanwhile, a second G.38—factory number 3302 and c/n D-2500, later changed to D-APIS—was built with a double deck fuselage and capacity for 34 passengers. Six passengers were carried three per wing in each leading edge, the remaining 22, on two levels, in the fuselage. Lufthansa used D-APIS on a scheduled service covering the cities Berlin, Hanover, Amsterdam, and London. This aircraft was named the \"\"General Feldmarschall von Hindenburg\"\". In 1934 D-2000/D-AZUR had its engines upgraded, this time with Jumo 4 engines, giving a total power rating of 3000 kW (4023 hp). Both planes were in service", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14800482", "chunk_text": "\"Hindenburg-class airship\"\naverage gross weight of the ship with fuel, equipment, of mail and cargo, about 90 passengers and crew and their luggage. The Germans had extensive experience with hydrogen as a lifting gas. Accidental hydrogen fires had never occurred on civilian Zeppelins, so the switch from helium to hydrogen did not cause much concern. Hydrogen also increased lift by about 8%. After the \"\"Hindenburg\"\" disaster Eckener vowed to never use hydrogen again in a passenger airship. He planned to use helium for the second ship and went to Washington, D.C. to personally lobby President Roosevelt, who promised to supply the helium", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6798061", "chunk_text": "\"History of aviation\"\nround-the-world flight was completed by the \"\"Graf Zeppelin\"\" in September and in October, the same aircraft inaugurated the first commercial transatlantic service. However, the age of the rigid airship ended following the destruction by fire of the zeppelin LZ 129 \"\"Hindenburg\"\" just before landing at Lakehurst, New Jersey on May 6, 1937, killing 35 of the 97 people aboard. Previous spectacular airship accidents, from the \"\"Wingfoot Express\"\" disaster (1919) to the loss of the R101 (1930), the \"\"Akron\"\" (1933) and the \"\"Macon\"\" (1935) had already cast doubt on airship safety, but with the disasters of the U.S. Navy's rigids showing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9485037", "chunk_text": "Airship\nwas recording the arrival. This was a disaster that theater goers could see and hear in newsreels. The \"\"Hindenburg\"\" disaster shattered public confidence in airships, and brought a definitive end to their \"\"golden age\"\". The day after the \"\"Hindenburg\"\" crashed, the \"\"Graf Zeppelin\"\" landed at the end of its flight from Brazil. This was the last international passenger airship flight. \"\"Hindenburg\"\"s sister ship, the \"\"Graf Zeppelin II\"\" (LZ 130), could not carry commercial passengers without helium, which the United States refused to sell to Germany during wartime. The \"\"Graf Zeppelin\"\" made several test flights and conducted some electronic espionage until", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17861185", "chunk_text": "\"Hindenburg disaster\"\nleast some damage on previous flights. It is not known whether that damage was properly repaired or even whether all the failures had been found. During the ship's first return flight from Rio, \"\"Hindenburg\"\" had once lost an engine and almost drifted over Africa, where it could have crashed. Afterwards, Dr. Eckener ordered section chiefs to inspect the airship during flight. However, the complexity of the airship's structure would make it virtually impossible to detect all weaknesses in the structure. In March 1936, the \"\"Hindenburg\"\" and the \"\"Graf Zeppelin\"\" made three-day flights to drop leaflets and broadcast speeches via loudspeaker.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7971051", "chunk_text": "\"Hindenburg disaster\"\nairship to nose up suddenly and the back to break in half (the airship was still in one piece), at that time the primary mode for the fire to spread was along the axial gangway which acted as a chimney, conducting fire which burst out the nose as the airship's tail touched the ground, and as seen in one of the most famous pictures of the disaster. The actual site of the \"\"Hindenburg\"\" crash is at Naval Air Station Lakehurst, renamed by the Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) as Naval Air Engineering Station (NAES) Lakehurst (or \"\"Navy Lakehurst\"\" for short),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3215246", "chunk_text": "\"Hindenburg-class airship\"\nship, LZ 130 \"\"Graf Zeppelin\"\", was never operated on a regular passenger service, and was scrapped in 1940 by the order of Hermann Göring. The \"\"Hindenburg\"\" class were built to an all-duralumin design. The leader of the design team was Dr. Ludwig Dürr, who had overseen the design of all Zeppelins except LZ-1 (on which he was a crew member), under the overall direction of Hugo Eckener, the head of the company. They were long and in diameter, longer than three Boeing 747s placed end-to-end, longer than four Goodyear GZ-20 \"\"blimps\"\" end-to-end, and only shorter than the . The previous", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5086248", "chunk_text": "\"LZ 129 Hindenburg\"\nrecord Atlantic round trip between Frankfurt and Lakehurst in 98 hours and 28 minutes of flight time (52:49 westbound, 45:39 eastbound). Many famous passengers flew on the \"\"Hindenburg\"\" including boxer Max Schmeling making his triumphant return to Germany in June 1936 after his world heavyweight title knockout of Joe Louis at Yankee Stadium. In the 1936 season, the airship flew and carried 2,798 passengers and 160 tons of freight and mail, encouraging the \"\"Luftschiffbau Zeppelin\"\" Company to plan the expansion of its airship fleet and transatlantic service. The airship was said to be so stable a pen or pencil could", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2294179", "chunk_text": "\"Zeppelin LZ 120 Bodensee\"\nin command. It made over 100 flights, carrying 2,322 passengers over a total distance of On 3 November 1919 \"\"Bodensee\"\" suffered a partial engine failure, leading to an accident at Staaken when attempting to land. One of the ground handling crew was killed and several injured, and the airship, lightened after five passengers had jumped out, was then carried off by the wind and eventually brought down near Magdeburg. \"\"Bodensee\"\" had suffered some damage in the accident, and while being repaired was also modified: the controls had proved oversensitive, so the control surfaces were cut down and it was lengthened", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17522613", "chunk_text": "\"LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin\"\nuse in its airships prior to the \"\"Hindenburg's\"\" crash and fire. Though much safer than hydrogen, the greatly added expense, lack of availability, and overall degradation in lifting performance that converting to helium would impose on the \"\"Graf Zeppelin\"\" made its continued operation no longer commercially viable. One day after the \"\"Hindenburg\"\" crashed in Lakehurst, the nine-year-old LZ 127 was grounded and withdrawn from service on its arrival in Friedrichshafen after a flight from Brazil on 8 May 1937. Six weeks later, on 18 June, the airship was ferried to Frankfurt am Main on what would be its 590th and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16355297", "chunk_text": "\"Deutsche Zeppelin Reederei\"\n131) for the price of 6.3 million RM, demonstrating high confidence in the future. On 6 May 1937 the LZ 129 \"\"Hindenburg\"\" caught fire and exploded while mooring in Lakehurst, New Jersey, killing 35 people as well as CEO Ernst Lehmann. The disaster dramatically changed the fortunes of the DZR. \"\"Hindenburg\"\" was covered by insurance of 6 million RM, which was paid in full, but the loss of future passenger revenue was not. Public confidence in Zeppelin travel had also been shattered and the LZ 127 \"\"Graf Zeppelin\"\" was immediately grounded on its return flight from Brazil on 8 May", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3215247", "chunk_text": "\"Hindenburg-class airship\"\nlargest civilian airship, with a length of and a width of , was the British R101, which was completed in 1929. The US Navy's \"\"Akron\"\" and \"\"Macon\"\" were long and wide. The design originally called for cabins for 50 passengers and a crew complement of 40. Construction of the first ship, LZ 129, later named \"\"Hindenburg\"\", began in 1931, but was suddenly stopped when Luftschiffbau Zeppelin went bankrupt. This led Eckener to make a deal with the Nazi Party which came to power in 1933. He needed money to build the airship, but in return he was forced to display", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6421811", "chunk_text": "DELAG\nregular, nonstop, transatlantic flights possible before airplanes had flight ranges sufficient to cross the ocean in either direction without stopping. For DELAG's first transatlantic trip, Dr. Eckener commanded the \"\"Graf Zeppelin\"\" airship leaving Friedrichshafen, Germany, at 07:54 on 11 October 1928, arriving at Lakehurst Field, New Jersey, on 15 October. In 1931 the airship Graf Zeppelin began offering regular scheduled passenger service between Germany and South America which continued until 1937. During its career Graf Zeppelin crossed the South Atlantic 136 times. In 1936, the airship \"\"Hindenburg\"\" entered passenger service and successfully crossed the Atlantic 36 times before catching fire", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17522611", "chunk_text": "\"LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin\"\nHindenburg. The \"\"Graf Zeppelin\"\" was too small and slow for the North Atlantic service, yet because of the blau gas fuel, was just capable of carrying out the South Atlantic route. The onset of regular airline service also led to a drastic reduction in the number of flights being made by the airship which, having logged almost 200 flights in 1930–31, made fewer than 60 in 1932. The loss of the D-LZ 129 \"\"Hindenburg\"\" at Lakehurst on 6 May 1937 shattered public faith in the safety of hydrogen-filled airships making the continuation of their commercial passenger operations unsustainable unless the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_377	days of our lives cast doug and julie?	n/a	[ "Susan Seaforth Hayes", "Susan Seaforth", "Bill Hayes" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2133602", "chunk_text": "\"Doug Williams and Julie Olson\"\nDoug Williams and Julie Olson Douglas Williams and Julie Olson Williams are fictional characters and a supercouple from the American daytime drama \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\". Doug and Julie are considered to be the first supercouple in daytime television history. Doug is portrayed by Bill Hayes and Julie is portrayed by Susan Seaforth Hayes. The actors are married in real life and also still recur in their roles that made them famous on NBC's \"\"Days of our Lives\"\". Bill Hayes and Susan Seaforth began to develop a romance outside of their characters' storyline. It was \"\"at first publicized by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1490470", "chunk_text": "\"Days of Our Lives\"\nMaggie Horton has been on the show since 1973, and Susan Seaforth Hayes has played Julie Olson Williams since 1968 with a few breaks in between, and also her husband Bill Hayes, who has played Doug Williams since 1970, though neither Seaforth Hayes nor Hayes is employed with the serial on contract. In recent years, \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\" has hired back many former cast members. Twenty of the current contract cast members have been with the show, off-and-on, since at least 1999. Since 2005, cast members from the 1980s and 1990s, such as Christie Clark (Carrie Brady), Stephen Nichols", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19747305", "chunk_text": "\"Days of Our Lives characters (1960s)\"\nill wife Janet (Joyce Easton) as Bradley Banning (Chad Barstad). Susan Martin (Denise Alexander) befriends the Bannings and often helps care for Janet and baby Brad. As Susan comforts Scott after Janet's death in early 1969, Julie (Susan Seaforth Hayes) discovers that Brad is the child she gave up and seduces Scott away from Susan. Though Julie and Scott marry in 1970, by 1971, she's fallen in love with Doug Williams (Bill Hayes) and plans to leave Scott but wants to make sure she can retain custody of David (Jeffrey Williams). As Julie is set to divorce Scott in 1972,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11311794", "chunk_text": "\"Julie Olson Williams\"\nJulie Olson Williams Julie Olson Williams (formerly Banning and Anderson) is an original fictional character and member of the Horton family on the NBC daytime drama, \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\", a long running serial about working class life in the fictional town of Salem. The character of Julie was introduced as a 16-year-old when the show premiered in 1965, with 19-year-old Charla Doherty being the first actress to play Julie. The role is unsuccessfully recast twice with Catherine Dunn in 1967, followed by Catherine Ferrar from 1967 until 1968. The role is then taken over by actress Susan Seaforth Hayes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8668555", "chunk_text": "\"Doug Williams (Days of Our Lives)\"\nDoug Williams (Days of Our Lives) Doug Williams is a fictional character on the American soap opera \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\". He has been portrayed by Bill Hayes since 1970. Since 1999, Hayes has continued to make recurring appearances as Doug, notably airing during the holiday seasons. Born Brent Douglas, he later changed his name to Doug Williams. He is the half-brother of Byron Carmichael. He is the father of Hope Williams and Douglas LeClair. He is the husband of Julie Williams, whom he has married three times. Doug is also the ex-husband of Kim Douglas and Lee DuMonde and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17471106", "chunk_text": "\"Days of Our Lives characters (1960s)\"\nmonths from August 12 to December 8. Seven months later, the role was recast, this time with Pamela Roylance. Roylance would only last for about seven months, starting on July 18, 1983 and ultimately leaving on April 11, 1984. David Banning, most notably portrayed by Richard Guthrie (1975–1980) and Gregg Marx (1981–1983), is the son of Julie Olson (Susan Seaforth Hayes) and her late lover David Martin. David Martin, Jr. is born in January 1968 to Julie Olson (Catherine Ferrar) and he is immediately put up for adoption. The child is adopted by Scott Banning (Mike Farrell) and his terminally", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5469413", "chunk_text": "\"Julie Olson Williams\"\nin 1968, who still portrays the character to this day. Julie is the last remaining character from the pilot, and Hayes the earliest-appearing actor to currently appear on the serial. Hayes is most recognizable in the role, having portrayed the character in the show all six decades it has been on the air. Doug Williams and Julie Olson were the first super couple in the history of the daytime industry. The January 12, 1976 cover of \"\"Time\"\" magazine featured \"\"Days of our Lives\"\" Bill Hayes and Susan Seaforth Hayes, the first and only daytime actors to ever appear on its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4775084", "chunk_text": "\"Susan Seaforth Hayes\"\nSusan Seaforth Hayes Susan Seaforth Hayes (born Susan Seabold on July 11, 1943 in Oakland, California) is an American dramatic actress. She is best known for her portrayal of Julie Williams on the NBC drama \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\", and her intermittent portrayal of Joanna Manning on the CBS daytime drama \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\". She began playing the role of Julie Olsen Williams on \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\" in 1968, and is the only actor to appear on the show for all six decades (1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s) in which it has been on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9207804", "chunk_text": "\"Susan Seaforth Hayes\"\nAchievement Awards at the 45th Annual Daytime Emmy Awards. For many years, she and her mother lived in the Alvarado Terrace Historic District of Los Angeles. Susan Seaforth Hayes Susan Seaforth Hayes (born Susan Seabold on July 11, 1943 in Oakland, California) is an American dramatic actress. She is best known for her portrayal of Julie Williams on the NBC drama \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\", and her intermittent portrayal of Joanna Manning on the CBS daytime drama \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\". She began playing the role of Julie Olsen Williams on \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\" in 1968, and is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1772731", "chunk_text": "\"Julie Olson Williams\"\nHayeses themselves were a couple whose onscreen and real-life romance (they met on the series in 1970 and married in 1974) was widely covered by both the soap opera magazines and the mainstream press. Julie Olson Williams Julie Olson Williams (formerly Banning and Anderson) is an original fictional character and member of the Horton family on the NBC daytime drama, \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\", a long running serial about working class life in the fictional town of Salem. The character of Julie was introduced as a 16-year-old when the show premiered in 1965, with 19-year-old Charla Doherty being the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17415304", "chunk_text": "\"Days of Our Lives\"\nfirst to bring the show to prominence, and put it near the top of the Nielsen daytime ratings. Another love triangle, between lounge singer Doug Williams, Tom and Alice's daughter Addie, and Addie's own daughter, Julie, proved to be very popular around the same time. The storyline culminated in the death of Addie in 1974 and the marriage of Doug and Julie in 1976. In the early 1980s, the Brady and DiMera families were introduced, and their rivalry quickly cemented their places as core families in Salem beside the Hortons. Around the same time, with the help of head writers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14975819", "chunk_text": "\"Doug Williams (Days of Our Lives)\"\nreturned again in the spring of 2015 with Julie to visit Hope. Both Doug and Julie were highly involved with the show's 50th anniversary and were around to help Hope deal with the sudden death of Bo Brady from cancer. Doug Williams (Days of Our Lives) Doug Williams is a fictional character on the American soap opera \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\". He has been portrayed by Bill Hayes since 1970. Since 1999, Hayes has continued to make recurring appearances as Doug, notably airing during the holiday seasons. Born Brent Douglas, he later changed his name to Doug Williams. He is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19747306", "chunk_text": "\"Days of Our Lives characters (1960s)\"\nshe plans to elope with Doug and honeymoon in Portofino and wants to bring David along. However, Doug is not interested in parenthood and he spontaneously marries Julie's mother Addile Olson (Patricia Barry). After Scott's death in early 1973, Julie sends David off to military school. The 18 year old David (Richard Guthrie) returns in the summer of 1975 with his new girlfriend Brooke Hamilton (Adrienne LaRussa). Brooke is jealous of David's growing closeness with his mother Julie and to drive a wedge between them, Brooke spread rumors about Julie being unfaithful to his stepfather Bob Anderson (Mark Tapscott) and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8781486", "chunk_text": "\"Tracy Middendorf\"\nTracy Middendorf Tracy Lynn Middendorf (born January 26, 1970) is an American television, movie, and stage actress. Middendorf was born in Miami Beach, Florida. She attended the Conservatory of Theatrical Arts at SUNY Purchase before breaking into television as Carrie Brady on the daytime soap opera \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\" in 1992, replacing Christie Clark until her return in 1993. The following year, she made her feature film debut in the critically acclaimed \"\"Wes Craven's New Nightmare\"\", where she played the supporting role of Julie. During the 1990s, Middendorf built a solid career as a supporting actress in several television", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11311797", "chunk_text": "\"Julie Olson Williams\"\nwork on \"\"Days\"\". She has also won two Soapy Awards for Best Actress and Favorite Romantic Female in 1977. She has been described as a legend, and television icon for the soap. Julie was born on March 31, 1949, to Addie Horton and Ben Olson. As \"\"Days of our Lives\"\" begins in 1965, Julie is a rebellious teenager part of the series's Horton family. In the first episode, Julie steals an expensive mink from a department store and is caught by a security guard and arrested. Julie moves in with her grandparents, Tom and Alice Horton, when her parents move", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15046632", "chunk_text": "\"Andrea Hall\"\nAndrea Hall Andrea Jean Hall (born October 31, 1947) is an American soap opera actress who has since retired from the genre. She is the twin sister of fellow soap actress, Deidre Hall. Both were born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, raised in Lake Worth, Florida and graduated in 1965 from Lake Worth High School. Her current husband, Thomas Gengler, a former restaurateur, is a chain restaurant manager in Norfolk, Virginia. They have an adopted daughter from the Philippines. . She is best known for her role as Samantha Evans on \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\", which she played from 1977 to 1982.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16342758", "chunk_text": "\"EJ DiMera\"\nearned him a Daytime Emmy nomination for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series in 2010 and 2011. EJ DiMera EJ DiMera is a fictional character from the original NBC Daytime soap opera, \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\", portrayed by James Scott. Originally portrayed by child actors, Avalon, Dillon, and Vincent Ragone from 1997 to April 1998, the character was rapidly aged in 2006 when Scott took over the role. Scott departed the role in October 2014, resulting in the character's on-screen death. Created by head writer, James E. Reilly, and introduced under executive producers, Ken Corday and Tom Langan, EJ", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12383324", "chunk_text": "\"EJ DiMera\"\nEJ DiMera EJ DiMera is a fictional character from the original NBC Daytime soap opera, \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\", portrayed by James Scott. Originally portrayed by child actors, Avalon, Dillon, and Vincent Ragone from 1997 to April 1998, the character was rapidly aged in 2006 when Scott took over the role. Scott departed the role in October 2014, resulting in the character's on-screen death. Created by head writer, James E. Reilly, and introduced under executive producers, Ken Corday and Tom Langan, EJ is the son of crime boss Stefano DiMera and Susan Banks. However, Stefano plans to pass off the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18889195", "chunk_text": "\"Martha Nix Wade\"\nat a Child Actor's Victory Over Sexual Abuse\"\". She and her husband, Gary, are the parents of 2 children. In 2007, Wade created the not-for-profit organization A Quarter Blue, with the goals of stopping childhood sexual abuse through education and empowering survivors to begin the process of healing. Based in Orange, California, A Quarter Blue offers resources and training opportunities. Martha Nix Wade Martha Nix Wade (born September 26, 1967) is an American actress, best known for her roles as Janice Horton on the NBC daytime soap opera \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\" and Serena Burton on the CBS drama \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11492629", "chunk_text": "\"Robert DiMera\"\nRobert DiMera EJ DiMera is a fictional character from the original NBC Daytime soap opera, \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\", portrayed by James Scott. Originally portrayed by child actors, Avalon, Dillon and Vincent Ragone from 1997 to April 1998, the character was rapidly aged in 2006 as Scott took over the role of the adult EJ. Scott departed the role on-screen in October 2014, resulting in the character's on-screen death. Created by head writer, James E. Reilly, and introduced under executive producers, Ken Corday and Tom Langan, EJ is the son of crime lord Stefano DiMera and Susan Banks. However, Stefano", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "214002", "chunk_text": "\"Roark Critchlow\"\nRoark Critchlow Roark Grant Critchlow (born May 11, 1963) is a Canadian actor, best known for appearing on the daytime US soap opera \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\" from 1994 to 1999 as Dr. Mike Horton. He also had a recurring role on the soap \"\"Passions\"\". More recently he was in the TV movie \"\"\"\"\"\",\"\" the Lifetime made for TV movie Pregnant at 17 as well as appearing in the Nickelodeon series \"\"Drake & Josh\"\" as Dr. Glazer. He also portrayed Zoey Brooks' father in \"\"Zoey 101\"\". Roark has had smaller roles in movies like \"\"Mr. Deeds\"\" with Adam Sandler and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8668572", "chunk_text": "\"Doug Williams (Days of Our Lives)\"\nJulie one of his guest rooms. Though nothing happened between them at first, they eventually rekindled their relationship. This didn't sit well with David Banning, Julie's son. Soon after arguing with Julie about her affair with Doug, David died in a car accident and possible suicide. Julie was beside herself. What was worse was the fact that Brooke Hamilton, David's girlfriend, had taken it upon herself to spread vicious rumors about Doug and Julie to avenge David's death. Brooke told several people the reason for David and Julie's argument, and implied that Doug and Julie's affair had carried on for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6332404", "chunk_text": "\"Charla Doherty\"\nCharla Doherty Charla Doherty (August 6, 1946 – May 29, 1988) was an American actress who had short-term roles on \"\"Wagon Train\"\" and \"\"Dr. Kildare\"\" before originating the role of Julie Olson on the soap opera \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\". Doherty played the role from 1965 until she left the series in 1967. She played the role of Melinda Neilson in the 1963 season of Leave It to Beaver in the episode \"\"Don Juan Beaver.\"\" She played the role of Nancy in the 1965 movie \"\"Village of the Giants\"\". She played the role of Joanna Ramsey in the 1967 made-for-television", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9207801", "chunk_text": "\"Susan Seaforth Hayes\"\nAmerican cultures. Seaforth Hayes has lectured at universities in Los Angeles and Boston. Her onscreen and real-life romance with co-star Bill Hayes (Doug Williams) was widely covered by both the soap opera magazines and the mainstream press (they married in 1974). The characters of Doug and Julie were \"\"Days of our Lives\"\"', as well as daytime TV's, first supercouple, and are widely believed to be the first supercoupling on the American daytime serials. Their appearance together on the January 12, 1976 cover of \"\"Time\"\" magazine was the only time daytime actors have appeared there. As of March 2010, she is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1490462", "chunk_text": "\"Days of Our Lives\"\nas refurbished sets, the debut of the Brady Pub, the addition of new characters such as Vivian Alamain, Lisanne Gardner, Billie Reed, and Kate Roberts. Later that same year, \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\" introduced its highly popular teen scene with new characters such as Carrie Brady, played by Tracy Middendorf, and then back to Christie Clark again; a SORASed Sami Brady, played by Alison Sweeney; Lucas Roberts played by Bryan Dattilo; Austin Reed portrayed by Patrick Muldoon and later, Austin Peck; Abe Carver's younger brother Jonah Carver, played by Thyme Lewis; Jamie Caldwell, played by Miriam Parish; and Wendy Reardon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18153963", "chunk_text": "\"Days of Our Lives\"\nare Greg Meng and Albert Alarr. In 2018, NBC renewed the serial through fall 2019. \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\" is the most widely distributed soap opera in the United States. The show has been parodied by \"\"SCTV\"\" (as \"\"The Days of the Week\"\") and the television sitcom \"\"Friends\"\", with some cast members making crossover appearances on the show, including Kristian Alfonso, Roark Critchlow, Matthew Ashford, Kyle Lowder, and Alison Sweeney. The show has had high-profile fans such as actress Julia Roberts and Supreme Court justice Thurgood Marshall. The Cordays and Bell combined the \"\"hospital soap\"\" idea with the tradition of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5989493", "chunk_text": "\"Valerie Grant\"\nValerie's son which led to speculation that David was the man's father, making him a member of show's core family, the Hortons. Meanwhile, it was announced the Lamon Archey had joined the cast in an unnamed role and was slated to debut in early 2017. On December 11, 2016, Susan Seaforth Hayes who portrayed David's mother Julie Olson Williams confirmed Archey's casting in a video interview with the actor and revealed that he would portray Julie's grandson, Eli Grant. Valerie Grant Valerie Grant is a fictional character from \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\", an American soap opera on the NBC network.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12005889", "chunk_text": "\"Doug Williams (Days of Our Lives)\"\nof his real father. Just as things were looking good for Doug and Julie, Kim Douglas stormed into Salem once again. This time, she made her past relationship with Doug (whom she had known & married as Brent Douglas) very public. In fact, she informed Doug that he and Julie would not be able to marry because she had never signed their divorce papers four years earlier! Doug and Kim were still married. For months, Doug sought a divorce from Kim to no avail. More troublesome was the fact that Doug still held feelings for Kim...feelings which made Julie insanely", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5857059", "chunk_text": "\"Rick Hearst\"\nRick Hearst Rick Hearst (born January 4, 1965) is an American actor. He is known for roles in American soap operas. Hearst was born Richard Charles Herbst on January 4, 1965, in Howard Beach, New York and raised in Dallas, Texas. Hearst has been married to wife Donna Smoot since June 9, 1990; they have two sons. His first film was titled \"\"Brain Damage\"\" directed by Frank Henenlotter. He has appeared in \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\" (1989–1990) as Scott \"\"Scotty\"\" Banning II, \"\"Guiding Light\"\" (1990–1996) as Alan-Michael Spaulding, \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\" (2000–2001) as the sinister Matt Clark, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8992717", "chunk_text": "\"Eli Grant\"\nEli Grant Eli Grant is a fictional character from the long-running NBC daytime soap opera \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\". Created by head writers Dena Higley and Ryan Quan, the role was originated by actor Lamon Archey in 2017. Eli is introduced as the previously unknown son of Valerie Grant (Vanessa A. Williams) fathered by the late David Banning. Through his father, Eli is a member of the Horton family, the central family within the series. Eli is embraced by the family, particularly his grandmother Julie Olson Williams (Susan Seaforth Hayes) which puts a strain on his budding romance with Gabi", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3948945", "chunk_text": "\"Lisa Trusel\"\nLisa Trusel Lisa Trusel (born October 25, 1968) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Melissa Horton on the NBC soap opera \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\". Trusel married her former \"\"Days\"\" co-star, David Wallace, on November 1, 1986.<ref name=\"\"Soap Opera Digest\"\" June 3, 2013/\"\">\"\"Soap Opera Digest\"\" June 3, 2013 issue. Vol. 38, No. 22. Pgs. 55-57.</ref> They have four children: Ryan Elizabeth (born December 1989), Benjamin (born c. 1991), Emma (born c. 1993), and Joseph (born c. 1997). As of 2015, they have three grandchildren. She was a young member of the cast of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4625371", "chunk_text": "\"Days of Our Lives characters (1990s)\"\nJohnson, and Kayla Brady. Hennig has portrayed the role from 2007 to 2011, even being nominated in 2010 for a Daytime Emmy in Outstanding Younger Actress. Despite only airing into April 2011, Hennig managed to receive another Daytime Emmy nomination for Outstanding Younger Actress in 2012. Joey Kiriakis was introduced in September 1990 and was portrayed by child actors Candace Mead and Benjamin Iorio until the character left the series in 1991. Joey is the biological twin son of Kiriakis family nanny, J.J. Bagwood (Patti Johns) and Stanley Krakowski (Dick Christie), who along with his brother was later adopted by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "644425", "chunk_text": "\"Justin Kiriakis and Adrienne Johnson\"\nJustin Kiriakis and Adrienne Johnson Justin Kiriakis and Adrienne Johnson Kiriakis are fictional characters and a supercouple on the American soap opera \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\". Justin is portrayed by Wally Kurth and Adrienne is portrayed by Judi Evans. The couple was originally popular from 1987 to 1991. After remaining off-screen for more than 15 years, both characters have appeared on the show off and on since 2009. Adrienne Johnson came to Salem in December 1986 in search of her brother Steve Johnson, whom she had never met. She sought his help in getting their mother, Jo, away from their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5469434", "chunk_text": "\"Julie Olson Williams\"\nmet her husband Bill). Susan's previous soap roles included \"\"General Hospital\"\" and \"\"The Young Marrieds\"\", but made a few appearances on \"\"Hallmark Hall of Fame\"\", \"\"Bonanza\"\", and \"\"Dragnet\"\". In portraying Julie, the actress drew on the \"\"self-centered\"\" and \"\"haughty\"\" traits she recognized in herself while in college. In 1970, Bill Hayes joined the cast as Doug Williams. The Hayeses themselves were a couple whose onscreen and real-life romance (they met on the series in 1970) was widely covered by both the soap opera magazines and the mainstream press. Bill and Susan eventually fell in love and married, becoming the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8668558", "chunk_text": "\"Doug Williams (Days of Our Lives)\"\nSusan did make Doug a proposition: she would pay Doug to have an affair with Julie Banning in order to win Scott back from Julie. Doug agreed and began charming Julie. What Doug never counted on was falling in love with Julie. After some time passed, Susan told Doug that she couldn't go through with their agreement any longer. It was too late—Doug and Julie had fallen for each other. Meanwhile, Doug was hired to sing at Sergio's. By the end of the year, he and Julie had become lovers. As time went by, they dreamed of the day they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12005888", "chunk_text": "\"Doug Williams (Days of Our Lives)\"\nhe and Julie would have children in the future, Doug informed Neil Curtis, the head of the hospital's surrogate program, that he no longer wanted the surrogate mother's child. He was completely unaware that the woman who was carrying his child was none other than Rebecca North, Hope's nanny. In time, Neil secretly told Doug that Rebecca was carrying his child. Doug confronted Rebecca with this fact and they both agreed to keep this a secret since she had recently married Doug's best friend, Robert LeClair. She soon gave birth to a son, whom she named Dougie LeClair in honor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8668561", "chunk_text": "\"Doug Williams (Days of Our Lives)\"\nAddie remained quiet about Julie's affair with Doug and his other secrets. As time passed, Doug and Addie began to get along much better and somehow their former rivalry turned into a close friendship. Meanwhile, Doug confronted his wife, Kim Douglas, and asked for a divorce. Despite Kim's protests, she finally agreed to the divorce and left Salem. In the summer of 1972, the time came for Doug and Julie to elope. Her divorce petition was just about ready, and he had the arrangements for their Italian honeymoon all set. But at the last minute, Doug and Julie had a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14975817", "chunk_text": "\"Doug Williams (Days of Our Lives)\"\nand undo the divorce. However, Julie had made up her mind. She claimed to love Doug too much to watch his love turn to pity. So despite Doug's pleas to the contrary, she moved out. They later reconciled. Doug is now retired and spends his time traveling with wife Julie. In 2008, Doug and Julie returned to Salem for the holiday celebrations at Alice's and at Salem University Hospital. They returned again on December 24, 2009 for the Horton Family Christmas. Julie gave Bo and Hope advice on saving their marriage. On December 31, 2009 Julie and Doug were planning", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19724859", "chunk_text": "\"Sherry Hursey\"\nSherry Hursey Sherry Hursey (born in Rutherfordton, North Carolina) is an American actress. She is best known for her recurring role as Ilene Markham on the sitcom \"\"Home Improvement\"\" and her 1988–1989 stint as Paula Carson on the soap opera \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\". Her other television credits include \"\"The Rookies\"\", \"\"Happy Days\"\", \"\"The Six Million Dollar Man\"\", \"\"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\"\" , \"\"Rhoda\"\", \"\"Simon & Simon\"\", \"\"Matlock\"\", \"\"Step by Step\"\", \"\"Major Dad\"\", \"\"Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman\"\", \"\"NYPD Blue\"\" and \"\"\"\". She also appeared in a number of television films and the theatrical films \"\"Tom and Huck\"\" (1995) and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2165209", "chunk_text": "\"Bryan Dattilo\"\nBryan Dattilo Bryan Ronald Dattilo (born July 29, 1971) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Lucas Horton on the NBC daytime soap opera \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\". Dattilo was born in Kankakee, Illinois, subsequently moving to West Palm Beach, Florida after his parents' divorce. He later moved to Los Angeles. At the age of 9, he began taking acting lessons with his sister, Kristin. A short time later, he landed his first acting job in a re-curring role on HBO's \"\"Not Necessarily The News\"\". Dattilo has one brother, Brent, one sister, Kristin, and three", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19446504", "chunk_text": "\"Days of Our Lives characters (2010s)\"\nby Chloe Lane, who didn't reveal Holly's biological parents until after her birth. Chloe was implanted with the embryo after Daniel's death. She was born on December 21, 2016, delivered by her mother Nicole. Eli Grant, portrayed by Lamon Archey made his first screen appearance on February 23, 2017. Eli is the previously unknown son of Doctor Valerie Grant (Vanessa A. Williams) and the late David Banning and grandson of Julie Olson Williams (Susan Seaforth Hayes). The original casting call was released in the summer of 2016. Archey's casting was announced in December 2016. Hayes later announced that Archey had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12728255", "chunk_text": "\"Jeremy Horton\"\nJeremy Horton Jeremy Horton is a fictional character from the soap opera, \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\". Jeremy Allen and Jeffrey Clark were both in the role for short periods during 1989. Trevor Donovan took on the part from June 1, 2007, to October 17, 2007. Jeremy returned to Salem on June 1, 2007, when Stephanie Johnson introduced him and his friend, Jett Carver, to her cousin, Chelsea Brady. Jeremy and Chelsea developed an immediate dislike for one another, whereas Jett developed an interest in her. Jeremy and Jett, both pilots, are going to launch a private flight service, known as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1490452", "chunk_text": "\"Days of Our Lives\"\nincluded Jack Deveraux (Matthew Ashford), Carrie Brady (Christie Clark), and Austin Reed (Patrick Muldoon). All three, including actress Sarah Brown, were fired from the show in an effort to lower production costs. The reboot was met with mixed reviews from critics. Head writers hired to handle the reboot, Marlene McPherson, and Darrell Ray Thomas Junior were subsequently fired due to declining ratings. Chris Whitesell, and former Days executive producer Gary Tomlin were rehired after being fired as part of the show's revamp. Daytime Emmy award winner Lorraine Broderick was hired as a member of the breakdown writing team in April", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12005891", "chunk_text": "\"Doug Williams (Days of Our Lives)\"\nshe had lied: she had signed the divorce papers, and they were no longer married. These news, however, came a little too late. Julie and Don were engaged to marry. Thinking that he had lost Julie forever, Doug did the unthinkable and proposed to Kim, a proposal Kim joyously accepted! However, it was painfully obvious that Doug and Julie were merely settling for their respective fiancées. Finally, Doug and Julie managed to work their problems out and became engaged once again, and broke off their former engagements. Shortly before the scheduled wedding, Doug suffered a terrible car accident while driving", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2133605", "chunk_text": "\"Doug Williams and Julie Olson\"\nepisode featuring Doug and Julie's honeymoon, Susan Seaforth managed to slip an ad libbed line past the censors that was - for US daytime television in the 1970s - provocative and risque. When Doug (Bill Hayes) asked her what she would like for breakfast, she mentioned items including juice, coffee and \"\"big pink sausage.\"\" Doug and Julie were the first soap opera characters to grace the cover of \"\"TIME\"\" magazine. \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" calls them one of the great soap opera supercouples. Doug Williams and Julie Olson Douglas Williams and Julie Olson Williams are fictional characters and a supercouple from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14975797", "chunk_text": "\"Doug Williams (Days of Our Lives)\"\na long time. Although Bob was understanding and willing to give Julie a divorce, Alice was furious. Because of Brooke's lies, she believed that Doug had cheated on Addie. After the air was cleared, Doug and Julie slowly continued their relationship. A few months later, Julie suffered a miscarriage as a result of falling down a flight of stairs. While consoling Julie, Doug and Julie grew close once again. Meanwhile, Bob and Julie divorced; having lost the child, there was no need to remain married. Doug and Julie were together once again and were finally free to marry. Thinking that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3282066", "chunk_text": "\"Galen Gering\"\nGalen Gering Galen Laius Gering (born February 13, 1971) is an American actor most known for his portrayal of characters on daytime soap operas. He plays the role of Rafe Hernandez on the long-running NBC soap opera \"\"Days of Our Lives.\"\" Prior to his current role, he acted on the NBC daytime soap opera \"\"Passions\"\" as Luis Lopez-Fitzgerald. Galen Laius Gering was born in Los Angeles, California, to Alan Gering and Michele de Oñate, a renowned west coast artist. He is of Russian-Jewish descent on his father's side, and of Spanish-Basque descent on his mother's (his great-grandfather was a Basque", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8668559", "chunk_text": "\"Doug Williams (Days of Our Lives)\"\nwould marry and go on a romantic honeymoon in Portofino, Italy. Unfortunately, Julie was still married to Scott and had remained married to him in order to remain a part of her son David's life. For well over a year, Doug and Julie had an affair behind Scott's back; the only one aware of it was Susan, whose guilt for instigating the affair compelled her to keep quiet. While Julie prepared divorce papers behind Scott's back, Doug planned their Portofino honeymoon. Things changed dramatically for Doug and Julie when her recently widowed mother, Addie Horton, arrived in Salem. Addie despised", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "626048", "chunk_text": "\"Julie Pinson\"\nJulie Pinson Julie Pinson (born November 7, 1967) is an American actress, best known for her work with soap operas. Her best-known roles include Eve Lambert on \"\"Port Charles\"\", Billie Reed on \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\" and Janet Ciccone on \"\"As the World Turns\"\". Pinson also had a brief twelve-episode run as Shiloh on \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\" in 2004. She has also appeared on \"\"River Ridge\"\" as Kimberly Reeves. As a child, Pinson was inspired by her mother, a classically trained opera singer, to get into acting. She attended Fremont Christian School, and graduated from Mission San Jose", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5437630", "chunk_text": "\"Lauren Koslow\"\nDiMera (Joseph Mascolo), her rocky marriage with mogul Victor Kiriakis (John Aniston), and her rivalries with crazed socialite Vivian Alamain (Louise Sorel) and Nicole Walker DiMera. Kate is the mother of Lucas Horton, Rex Brady, Cassie Brady, Philip Kiriakis, Billie Reed, and Austin Reed. Presently, she remains a cast member of \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\". Lauren Koslow Lauren Alice Koslow (born March 9, 1953) is an American actress, best known for her long-running portrayal of Kate Roberts on the NBC dramatic serial \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\", which she has played continuously since 1996. She previously appeared in the soaps \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_378	who sang i'm gonna run away from you?	n/a	[ "Tami Lynn" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11541034", "chunk_text": "\"Tami Lynn\"\nTami Lynn Tami Lynn (born 1942, Gert Town, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States) is an American soul singer. She scored a Top Ten hit on the UK Singles Chart in 1971, with the song \"\"I'm Gonna Run Away From You\"\". Lynn was discovered by Jerry Wexler in 1965 after hearing her sing at a talent show. Wexler had her record the Bert Berns penned and produced song, \"\"I'm Gonna Run Away From You\"\", for Atco Records, but the song was not released at the time, although it was released in the UK on Atlantic, AT.4071. She then sang backup for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11541036", "chunk_text": "\"Tami Lynn\"\n1975 after being reissued, hitting number 36 the second time around. Another album was the 1992 CD, \"\"Tamiya Lynn\"\". \"\"Love Is Here and Now You're Gone\"\" was reissued on CD in 2005, by DBK Works. Tami Lynn Tami Lynn (born 1942, Gert Town, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States) is an American soul singer. She scored a Top Ten hit on the UK Singles Chart in 1971, with the song \"\"I'm Gonna Run Away From You\"\". Lynn was discovered by Jerry Wexler in 1965 after hearing her sing at a talent show. Wexler had her record the Bert Berns penned and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5035481", "chunk_text": "\"We'll Run Away\"\nWe'll Run Away \"\"We'll Run Away\"\" is a song written by Brian Wilson and Gary Usher for the American rock band the Beach Boys, released on their 1964 album \"\"All Summer Long\"\". The song is a doo-wop ballad in 12/8 time. The lyrics are about a young couple wishing to elope, and their respective parents are warning them against such an impulse. Nick Kent wrote that with \"\"We'll Run Away\"\", Wilson and Usher \"\"zeroed in\"\" on a certain type of teen angst that would culminate more fully in Wilson's \"\"Wouldn't It Be Nice\"\". Online publication Rocksucker wrote: \"\"'We'll Run Away'", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3077063", "chunk_text": "\"Runnin' Away (Sly and the Family Stone song)\"\nRunnin' Away (Sly and the Family Stone song) \"\"Runnin' Away\"\" is a song by American band Sly and the Family Stone. It was released as a single in early 1972 and appears on their 1971 album, \"\"There's a Riot Goin' On\"\". The song reached no. 23 on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and no. 17 on the UK Singles Chart. It was later covered by artists such as Paul Haig, The Raincoats and The Colourfield. \"\"Running Away\"\" was recorded by Scottish musician and former Josef K lead singer Paul Haig in 1982. It was released as his debut single and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1669546", "chunk_text": "\"You're Gonna Miss Me (song)\"\nYou're Gonna Miss Me (song) \"\"You're Gonna Miss Me\"\" is a song by the American psychedelic rock band the 13th Floor Elevators, written by Roky Erickson, and released as the group's debut single on Contact Records, on January 17, 1966. It was reissued nationally on International Artists, in May 1966. Musically inspired by traditional jug band and R&B music, combined with the group's own experimentation, \"\"You're Gonna Miss Me\"\", along with its Stacy Sutherland and Tommy Hall-penned B-side, \"\"Tried to Hide\"\", was influential in developing psychedelic rock and garage rock, and was one of the earliest rock compositions to utilize", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8186754", "chunk_text": "\"Girls Are Out to Get You\"\na subsidiary of Polydor Records, responsible for the re-release of several 1960s soul music songs in the early 1970s including Tami Lynn's \"\"I'm Gonna Run Away from You\"\" and The Formations, \"\"At The Top of The Stairs\"\". This time it reached 32 on the UK charts staying for six weeks. It was The Fascinations only UK hot single. The Fascinations had disbanded as a group in 1969. Such was the success of this song that they reformed to take advantage of their new-found success in the UK. Touring the country, often performing in front of thousands of fans, \"\"Girls Are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15831834", "chunk_text": "\"You Run Away\"\nYou Run Away \"\"You Run Away\"\" is a song by Canadian rock band Barenaked Ladies. It is the first single from their album \"\"All in Good Time\"\". It was released January 8 for online streaming. The commercial download single was released February 2, 2010. \"\"You Run Away\"\" was written by Ed Robertson, and was partially inspired by Steven Page's departure from the band in February 2009. The music video for \"\"You Run Away\"\" was released on February 22, 2010, making it their first music video they have actually appeared in since 2003's \"\"Testing 1,2,3\"\". The song's video uses the radio", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15831835", "chunk_text": "\"You Run Away\"\nedit of the song, which cuts half of the instrumental intro, and half of the second chorus which is a double-chorus on the album version. The two halves of the chorus are cross-mixed between \"\"you could turn and stay\"\" and \"\"but you run away from me\"\". You Run Away \"\"You Run Away\"\" is a song by Canadian rock band Barenaked Ladies. It is the first single from their album \"\"All in Good Time\"\". It was released January 8 for online streaming. The commercial download single was released February 2, 2010. \"\"You Run Away\"\" was written by Ed Robertson, and was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11541035", "chunk_text": "\"Tami Lynn\"\nmusicians such as The Rolling Stones (backing vocalist on \"\"Exile on Main St.\"\"), Dr. John, Wilson Pickett, and Sonny & Cher. In 1971, \"\"I'm Gonna Run Away From You\"\" was released as a single, with \"\"The Boy Next Door\"\" as the b-side, on Mojo and Atlantic, where it became a hit in the UK among devotees of Northern soul. The tune hit number 4 in the UK Singles Chart in 1971. A full-length album, \"\"Love Is Here and Now You're Gone\"\", followed in 1972, produced by John Abbey. \"\"I'm Gonna Run Away From You\"\" returned to the UK chart in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "437533", "chunk_text": "\"We'll Run Away\"\nis such a languid, pretty little thing that it’s easy to overlook but repeated listens reveal it to be the kind of innocently romantic pop marvel that so frequently punctuated The Beach Boys’ early output.\"\" The song was recorded on April 29 and May 18, 1964 at United Western Recorders. Historian Andrew Doe notes that the April 29 date may have been erroneously labelled. We'll Run Away \"\"We'll Run Away\"\" is a song written by Brian Wilson and Gary Usher for the American rock band the Beach Boys, released on their 1964 album \"\"All Summer Long\"\". The song is a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18052397", "chunk_text": "\"Slipping Away (Dave Edmunds song)\"\nSlipping Away (Dave Edmunds song) \"\"Slipping Away\"\" is a Top 40 pop song performed by Welsh singer/guitarist Dave Edmunds. The song was written and produced by Jeff Lynne of Electric Light Orchestra fame, and was included on Edmunds' 1983 album \"\"Information\"\". \"\"Slipping Away\"\" was released as a single and became Edmunds' second and final Top 40 single in the US, following 1970's \"\"I Hear You Knocking\"\". A promotional video for the song received considerable airplay on the fledgling MTV network. \"\"Slipping Away\"\" reached number 39 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, number 7 on the Mainstream Rock Chart, and number 60", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17127502", "chunk_text": "\"Kiki Dee\"\nsession singer. She sang backing vocals for Dusty Springfield, among others, and was well regarded by other singers but did not achieve solo success in the UK for many years. In 1963 Dee released her first single \"\"Early Night\"\", and recorded her debut album \"\"I’m Kiki Dee\"\", which included a series of Phil Spector style tracks and covers for Fontana Records. Her 1966 release \"\"Why Don't I Run Away From You\"\" (a cover of Tami Lynn's \"\"I'm Gonna Run Away From You\"\") was a big hit on Radio London and Radio Caroline, and she sang the B side \"\"Small Town\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10688107", "chunk_text": "\"I'll Fly Away\"\n4 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200. This will likely always be an incomplete list. The listings at Allmusic are in excess of 1000 entries. \"\"I'll Fly Away\"\" was sampled without permission for the Grammy-winning song \"\"I'll Be Missing You\"\" recorded in 1997 by Puff Daddy and Faith Evans. In 2000, the songwriter's heirs, Albert E. Brumley & Sons, Inc. settled a copyright infringement suit filed against Arista Records, Faith Evans, Illegal Songs Inc., Chyna Baby Music, Janice Combs Publishing Inc., Magnetic Publishing Ltd. and Bad Boy Entertainment. In the settlement, the defendants acknowledged that Albert E. Brumley & Sons were the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3659474", "chunk_text": "\"Run Runaway\"\nRun Runaway \"\"Run Runaway\"\" is a song by the British rock band Slade, released in 1984 as the third single from the band's eleventh studio album \"\"The Amazing Kamikaze Syndrome\"\", and the lead single from the album's US counterpart \"\"Keep Your Hands Off My Power Supply\"\". The song was written by lead vocalist Noddy Holder and bassist Jim Lea, and produced by John Punter. It reached No. 7 in the UK and was also the band's breakthrough hit in America, where it reached No. 20. Having recorded much of \"\"The Amazing Kamikaze Syndrome\"\" in 1982, Slade's label RCA felt the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2644470", "chunk_text": "\"How Could I Let You Get Away\"\nlead vocals by Philippé Wynne (with Henry Fambrough on close harmony, both of their vocals were multitracked). The song had modest success on the charts, reaching number fourteen on the U.S. R&B charts and crossing over to the U.S. Pop charts peaking at number seventy seven. However, it would be the single's B-side, \"\"I'll Be Around\"\" led by the Spinners' other lead singer Bobby Smith, that would be the group's real chart breakthrough, becoming a #1 R&B and #3 pop hit in the fall of 1972 and eventually reaching sales of over a million copies. How Could I Let You", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11151142", "chunk_text": "\"You're Gonna Miss Me (song)\"\nthe 13th Floor Elevators Going Up\"\", among others. The Spades' original version is found on \"\"Trash Box\"\". You're Gonna Miss Me (song) \"\"You're Gonna Miss Me\"\" is a song by the American psychedelic rock band the 13th Floor Elevators, written by Roky Erickson, and released as the group's debut single on Contact Records, on January 17, 1966. It was reissued nationally on International Artists, in May 1966. Musically inspired by traditional jug band and R&B music, combined with the group's own experimentation, \"\"You're Gonna Miss Me\"\", along with its Stacy Sutherland and Tommy Hall-penned B-side, \"\"Tried to Hide\"\", was influential", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20480740", "chunk_text": "\"Babe I'm Gonna Leave You\"\nBabe I'm Gonna Leave You \"\"Babe I'm Gonna Leave You\"\" is a folk song written by Anne Bredon (then known as Anne Johannsen) in the late 1950s. It was recorded by Joan Baez (credited and became widely popular as \"\"traditional\"\") and released on her 1962 album \"\"Joan Baez in Concert, Part 1\"\"; and by the English rock band Led Zeppelin, who included it on their 1969 debut album \"\"Led Zeppelin\"\". While a student at the University of California, Berkeley in around 1960, Anne Bredon appeared on a live folk-music radio show \"\"The Midnight Special\"\" on radio station KPFA, on which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13689929", "chunk_text": "\"They're Coming to Take Me Away, Ha-Haaa!\"\nThey're Coming to Take Me Away, Ha-Haaa! They're Coming to Take Me Away, Ha-Haaa! is a 1966 novelty record written and performed by Jerry Samuels (billed as Napoleon XIV), and released on Warner Bros. Records. The song became an instant success in the United States, peaking at No. 3 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 popular music singles chart on August 13 number 2 in Canada, and reaching No. 4 on the UK Singles Chart. Jerry Samuels was a recording engineer at Associated Recording Studios in New York at the time when the song was written. He had learned a way", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9605151", "chunk_text": "\"I'm Gonna Run to You\"\nI'm Gonna Run to You \"\"I'm Gonna Run to You\"\" is a song by American recording artist Bridgit Mendler. It was written by Mendler and Jamie Houston and produced by Houston. The song featured the Disney Channel's 2011 film \"\"Good Luck Charlie: It's Christmas!\"\", but hasn't been added to any album. It was released as promotional single on November 18, 2011. The song debuted at number 13 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Holiday Songs. A uptempo song, \"\"I'm Gonna Run to You\"\" composed in a pop and Christmas music. Built on a beat, multi-tracked harmonies. Its lyrics declare that the singer sings", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7599442", "chunk_text": "\"Go Away Little Girl\"\nGo Away Little Girl \"\"Go Away Little Girl\"\" is a popular song written by Gerry Goffin and Carole King. It was first recorded by Bobby Vee for Liberty Records on March 28, 1962. The lyrics consist of a young man asking a young attractive woman to stay away from him, so that he will not be tempted to betray his steady girlfriend by kissing her. The song is notable for making the American Top 20 three times: for Steve Lawrence in 1962 (US number 1), for The Happenings in 1966 (US number 12), and for Donny Osmond in 1971 (US", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "112585", "chunk_text": "\"Can't Stay Away from You\"\nCan't Stay Away from You \"\"Can't Stay Away from You\"\" is the title of a 1988 single by singer Gloria Estefan, credited to Estefan and her former band, the Miami Sound Machine. The song was the third single released from their multi-platinum album, \"\"Let It Loose\"\". It became Estefan's (and her band's) fifth Top 10 hit in the United States, peaking at #6 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart; it was their second #1 hit on the adult contemporary chart, following 1986's \"\"Words Get in the Way\"\". The song originally peaked at #88 on the UK Singles Chart in May", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3501980", "chunk_text": "\"Walkin' Away (Diamond Rio song)\"\nWalkin' Away (Diamond Rio song) \"\"Walkin' Away\"\" is a song written by Annie Roboff and Craig Wiseman, and recorded by American country music group Diamond Rio. It was released in November 1995 as the lead-off single from the album \"\"IV\"\". In the song, the narrator pleads with his estranged lover by saying that just because he may lose his cool every now and then, their love is still good and that they will not get anywhere by walking away from each other. The music video, directed by Deaton-Flanigen, consists of alternating scenes of the band playing in a small warehouse", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12376525", "chunk_text": "\"You Better Run\"\nYou Better Run \"\"You Better Run\"\" is a song by The Young Rascals. Written by group members Eddie Brigati and Felix Cavaliere, it was released as the band's third single in 1966 and reached the top 20 in the United States. A review in a 1966 issue of \"\"Billboard\"\" magazine described the song as a \"\"big-beat wailer\"\" and a \"\"strong follow-up to 'Good Lovin''\"\". In the book \"\"Pioneers of Rock and Roll\"\", author Harry Sumrall wrote that the song represented the apex of the band's sound and complimented guitarist Gene Cornish's \"\"slashing chords\"\". Allmusic's Matthew Greenwald called it \"\"a classic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13866555", "chunk_text": "\"Runnin' Away with My Heart\"\nRunnin' Away with My Heart \"\"Runnin' Away with My Heart\"\" is a song performed by American country music band Lonestar. It was released in May 1996 as the third single and fourth track from their self-titled debut album. It peaked at number 8 on the country charts in the United States, and at number 9 in Canada. Michael Britt, the band's guitarist, co-wrote the song with Mark D. Sanders and Sam Hogin. The song's narrator is trying to go after his lover, who seems to be leaving him, and now the narrator will do anything without stopping to catch her,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13060753", "chunk_text": "\"Ruby Johnson\"\nclubs, she gave up her singing career in 1974. She worked in government posts, and eventually became the director of Foster Grandparents, a federal programme helping handicapped children relate to older generations. She also returned to worship and sing at the Temple Beth-El near her home in Lanham, Maryland. A compilation CD, including many previously unissued tracks, was issued in 1993. She died in 1999, aged 63. \"\"I'll Run Your Hurt Away\"\", Stax, 1993 Ruby Johnson Ruby Johnson (19 April 1936 – 4 July 1999) was an American soul singer, best known for her recordings on the Volt label in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18052398", "chunk_text": "\"Slipping Away (Dave Edmunds song)\"\non the UK Singles Chart. The song has since appeared on several 1980s music compilations. Slipping Away (Dave Edmunds song) \"\"Slipping Away\"\" is a Top 40 pop song performed by Welsh singer/guitarist Dave Edmunds. The song was written and produced by Jeff Lynne of Electric Light Orchestra fame, and was included on Edmunds' 1983 album \"\"Information\"\". \"\"Slipping Away\"\" was released as a single and became Edmunds' second and final Top 40 single in the US, following 1970's \"\"I Hear You Knocking\"\". A promotional video for the song received considerable airplay on the fledgling MTV network. \"\"Slipping Away\"\" reached number 39", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1741965", "chunk_text": "\"Hide Away\"\nHide Away \"\"Hide Away\"\" or \"\"Hideaway\"\" is a blues guitar instrumental that has become \"\"a standard for countless blues and rock musicians performing today\"\". First recorded in 1960 by Freddie King, the song became an R&B and pop chart hit. Since then, it has been interpreted and recorded by numerous blues and other musicians and has been recognized by the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the Grammy Hall of Fame. \"\"Hide Away\"\" is credited to Freddie King and Sonny Thompson (pianist and A&R man at Federal Records). However, in an interview, Freddie King stated that \"\"Hide Away\"\" came", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20601092", "chunk_text": "\"Let's Get Away from It All\"\nLet's Get Away from It All \"\"Let's Get Away from It All\"\" is a popular song with music by Matt Dennis and lyrics by Tom Adair, published in 1941. The song is most commonly associated with Frank Sinatra (who had a hit with it as a member of The Pied Pipers while he was a part of Tommy Dorsey's orchestra and later for his \"\"Come Fly with Me\"\" album), but many others have recorded it and it is considered a standard of traditional pop music. During 1966 to 1969, The Supremes (Diana Ross, Florence Ballard, Mary Wilson) performed this song", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11734813", "chunk_text": "\"I'll Be Missing You\"\nI'll Be Missing You \"\"I'll Be Missing You\"\" is a song recorded by American rapper Puff Daddy and American singer Faith Evans, featuring R&B group 112, in memory of fellow Bad Boy Records artist Christopher \"\"The Notorious B.I.G.\"\" Wallace, who was murdered on March 9, 1997. Released as the second single from Puff Daddy and the Family's \"\"No Way Out\"\" album, \"\"I'll Be Missing You\"\" samples The Police's 1983 hit song \"\"Every Breath You Take\"\", with an interpolated chorus sung by Evans. The track also features a spoken intro over a choral version of Samuel Barber's \"\"Adagio for Strings\"\". Another", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3077064", "chunk_text": "\"Runnin' Away (Sly and the Family Stone song)\"\nreached no. 19 on the UK Indie Chart. In Belgium, it was released on the independent record label, Les Disques Du Crepuscule. Runnin' Away (Sly and the Family Stone song) \"\"Runnin' Away\"\" is a song by American band Sly and the Family Stone. It was released as a single in early 1972 and appears on their 1971 album, \"\"There's a Riot Goin' On\"\". The song reached no. 23 on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and no. 17 on the UK Singles Chart. It was later covered by artists such as Paul Haig, The Raincoats and The Colourfield. \"\"Running Away\"\" was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9605152", "chunk_text": "\"I'm Gonna Run to You\"\nabout being with your lover during Christmas. The song incorporates various instruments, including bell chimes, bass effect and cowbells. The song was written by Mendler and Jamie Houston and produced by Houston. In December 2011 during an interview for \"\"Kidz World\"\", Mendler talked about the song: \"\"Working on the song was so much fun. I worked with Jamie Houston and we came up with the idea of people being apart and trying to reunite. We wanted it to be sort of a holiday-related song but something you could listen to year-round hopefully. I hope people like it.\"\" The song was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1483535", "chunk_text": "\"Away from Me\"\nAway from Me \"\"Away from Me\"\" is the lead single from Puddle of Mudd's \"\"Life on Display\"\" album. Wes Scantlin mentioned in an interview with VH1 that \"\"Away from Me\"\" was written about how he was lied to and deceived in a relationship. A music video was created for the song, and can be found on the \"\"Life on Display\"\" CD when inserted into a computer's CD drive. The song is also one of Puddle of Mudd's most successful songs, charting the highest of any song on the \"\"Life on Display\"\" album. It hit #1 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10590739", "chunk_text": "\"One Day I'll Fly Away\"\nOne Day I'll Fly Away \"\"One Day I'll Fly Away\"\" is a song performed by American jazz singer Randy Crawford, from her fourth studio album, \"\"Now We May Begin\"\" (1980). The song was written by Joe Sample and Will Jennings and produced by Sample, Wilton Felder and Stix Hooper. It received generally favorable reviews from music critics. The song was a commercial success in the international market at the time, reaching number one in Belgium (Flanders) and Netherlands, while peaking at number two in the United Kingdom. \"\"One Day I'll Fly Away\"\" is Crawford's highest charting single, and has been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10293535", "chunk_text": "\"Babe I'm Gonna Leave You\"\nwhich was covered by Welsh band Man on their album \"\"Maximum Darkness\"\", recorded live at the Roundhouse on 26 May 1975. Vanilla Fudge recorded their version of the song in 2007. Miley Cyrus released a version that closely hewed to the Led Zeppelin version on SoundCloud in September 2014. Babe I'm Gonna Leave You \"\"Babe I'm Gonna Leave You\"\" is a folk song written by Anne Bredon (then known as Anne Johannsen) in the late 1950s. It was recorded by Joan Baez (credited and became widely popular as \"\"traditional\"\") and released on her 1962 album \"\"Joan Baez in Concert, Part", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10137298", "chunk_text": "\"I'm Not Gonna Miss You\"\nI'm Not Gonna Miss You \"\"I'm Not Gonna Miss You\"\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Glen Campbell and The Wrecking Crew. Co-written by Campbell and producer Julian Raymond, the song was released on September 30, 2014 for the soundtrack to the documentary \"\"\"\", which focuses on the singer's diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and his final tour. \"\"I'm Not Gonna Miss You\"\" is the last song to be recorded by Campbell. The song was nominated for Best Original Song at the 87th Academy Awards. During the ceremony, the song was performed by Tim McGraw. It also won", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4957286", "chunk_text": "\"Walk Away from Love\"\nWalk Away from Love \"\"Walk Away from Love\"\" is a 1975 song recorded by American singer David Ruffin. The million-selling single, produced by Van McCoy and written by Charles Kipps, was number one on the US R&B Singles Chart for one week in early 1976, and crossed over to #9 on the Pop Charts. In Canada, the song peaked at #30. \"\"Walk Away From Love\"\" was Ruffin's only number-one R&B hit, and only one of two Top 10 pop hits for Ruffin on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, the other being My Whole World Ended (The Moment You Left Me), which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18533782", "chunk_text": "\"I Won't Let You Walk Away\"\nI Won't Let You Walk Away \"\"I Won't Let You Walk Away\"\" is a song recorded by American DJs Mako and singer Madison Beer. It was released on Feb 24, 2015, via Ultra Records. The song is a vocal version of the instrumental single by Mako called \"\"Sunburst\"\" released in 2014. Alex Seaver of Mako said in an interview \"\"I had bought this $45 Fender guitar in Glendale and just started tracking some stuff, and that turned into “Sunburst” — the instrumental. We put that up just as a nice, fun summer tune and everybody was just like we want", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17100102", "chunk_text": "\"Ann Sexton\"\nAnn Sexton Ann Sexton (born Mary Ann Sexton, February 5, 1950) is an American soul singer who recorded mainly in the 1970s. Her biggest hit, \"\"You're Gonna Miss Me\"\", reached the R&B chart in 1973. She was born in Greenville, South Carolina, and is the cousin of singer and songwriter Chuck Jackson. Influenced by gospel music, she sang in her church choir and won local talent shows before singing back-up on a recording by Elijah and the Ebonies. She married the group's saxophonist, Melvin Burton, and the pair formed their own band, Ann Sexton and the Masters of Soul, in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10314832", "chunk_text": "\"Slipping Away (The Rolling Stones song)\"\nSlipping Away (The Rolling Stones song) \"\"Slipping Away\"\" is a song by the Rolling Stones featured on their 1989 album \"\"Steel Wheels\"\". It is sung by guitarist Keith Richards. Credited to Richards and Mick Jagger, \"\"Slipping Away\"\" is a slow ballad, a form of music Richards would embrace on the Stones' later albums. It was recorded at Montserrat's Air Studios between March and June 1989. With Richards singing, he and Ron Wood perform the song's electric guitars. Bill Wyman provides the prominent bass while Charlie Watts performs drums. The organ and piano are performed by Chuck Leavell and electric piano", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3659481", "chunk_text": "\"Run Runaway\"\nearlier \"\"My Oh My\"\", \"\"Run Runaway\"\" is raucous chanting, swirling guitars, wild violin, and even a taste of heavy metal bagpipes, helped along by a drum sound that is pure early '80s.\"\" Run Runaway \"\"Run Runaway\"\" is a song by the British rock band Slade, released in 1984 as the third single from the band's eleventh studio album \"\"The Amazing Kamikaze Syndrome\"\", and the lead single from the album's US counterpart \"\"Keep Your Hands Off My Power Supply\"\". The song was written by lead vocalist Noddy Holder and bassist Jim Lea, and produced by John Punter. It reached No. 7", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10960592", "chunk_text": "\"Roll Me Away\"\nRoll Me Away \"\"Roll Me Away\"\" is a song written by American rock artist Bob Seger on the album \"\"The Distance\"\" by Bob Seger and the Silver Bullet Band. The song peaked at number 27 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. According to Seger the song was inspired by a motorcycle trip he took to Jackson Hole, Wyoming. He stated: I wanted to do that for a long time. It was fascinating being out. The first night it was 42 degrees in northern Minnesota; the second it was 106 in South Dakota and all I had on was my shorts,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7498787", "chunk_text": "\"Run Away (Real McCoy song)\"\nRun Away (Real McCoy song) \"\"Run Away\"\" is the hit single by the German Eurodance and Pop music project Real McCoy (also known as M.C. Sar & The Real McCoy) from their album \"\"Another Night\"\" (1995), which was the U.S. version of their second album \"\"Space Invaders\"\" (1994). The song was first produced in 1994 in Germany by the music producers Juergen Wind (J. Wind) and Frank Hassas (Quickmix) under the producer team name Freshline. \"\"Run Away\"\" was first released in Europe in 1994 as the group's third single from their album sophomore \"\"Space Invaders\"\". When the song was released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "112587", "chunk_text": "\"Can't Stay Away from You\"\nsong called \"\"Mi Vida No Es Nada Sin Ti\"\" for her album \"\"Milagro\"\". The song appeared in 1988 episodes of the soap operas \"\"Another World\"\" and \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\". Original versions Can't Stay Away from You \"\"Can't Stay Away from You\"\" is the title of a 1988 single by singer Gloria Estefan, credited to Estefan and her former band, the Miami Sound Machine. The song was the third single released from their multi-platinum album, \"\"Let It Loose\"\". It became Estefan's (and her band's) fifth Top 10 hit in the United States, peaking at #6 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17181899", "chunk_text": "\"Runaway Child, Running Wild\"\nRunaway Child, Running Wild \"\"Runaway Child, Running Wild\"\" (shown as \"\"Run Away Child, Running Wild\"\" on the label of the original single) is a 1969 hit single for the Gordy (Motown) label, performed by The Temptations and produced by Norman Whitfield. The single was both the second from their landmark \"\"Cloud Nine\"\" LP, and the second of their \"\"psychedelic soul\"\" tracks penned by Whitfield and former Motown artist Barrett Strong. Featuring all five Temptations - Dennis Edwards, Eddie Kendricks, Paul Williams, Melvin Franklin, and Otis Williams - trading verses and harmony lines, \"\"Runaway Child, Running Wild\"\" paints a tale of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18116085", "chunk_text": "\"Toni Childs\"\nToni Childs Toni Childs (born October 29, 1957) is an American-Australian singer-songwriter. She is best known for her songs \"\"Don't Walk Away\"\" (a \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 hit in the United States in 1988), \"\"I've Got to Go Now\"\", a Top 5 hit in Australia in 1991, and the Emmy-winning \"\"Because You're Beautiful\"\" (released as a single in 2004, and featured on her 2008 album \"\"Keep the Faith\"\"). In New Zealand she has had six Top 40 hit singles and three platinum albums. Childs was born in Orange, California, but lived in Arkansas, Kansas, Oklahoma and Nevada during her childhood. Raised", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13050598", "chunk_text": "\"Walk Away (James Gang song)\"\nWalk Away (James Gang song) \"\"Walk Away\"\" is a song written by Joe Walsh and recorded by American hard rock band The James Gang, being featured as the first single off the group's studio album \"\"Thirds\"\" (1971). The song was a moderate success upon release, peaking at No. 51 on the Billboard Hot 100. \"\"Walk Away\"\" is a combination of hard rock and funk, with some influence from soul music. Walsh's guitar work incorporates different types of distortion, including slide guitar. The lyrics are about the ending of a relationship. The song peaked at #51 on the Billboard Hot 100", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14990969", "chunk_text": "\"You Can't Run from Love\"\nYou Can't Run from Love \"\"You Can't Run from Love\"\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Eddie Rabbitt. It was released in March 1983 as the second single from the album \"\"Radio Romance\"\". \"\"You Can't Run from Love\"\" was the follow-up to Rabbitt's duet with Crystal Gayle, \"\"You and I\"\". (Coincidentally, a Crystal Gayle solo recording, \"\"Our Love is On a Faultline\"\", preceded \"\"You Can't Run From Love\"\" in the number 1 position.) The song was Rabbitt's twelfth number one single on the country chart. The single went to number one for one week and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14201995", "chunk_text": "\"This Is Gonna Hurt (Bonnie Tyler song)\"\nThis Is Gonna Hurt (Bonnie Tyler song) \"\"This Is Gonna Hurt\"\" is the second single from Bonnie Tyler's country inspired album, \"\"Rocks and Honey\"\" (2013). It was written by Nashville-based songwriters Kurt Allison, Kelly Archer and David Fanning. The song was initially released by Tyler's own record label Celtic Swan Recordings in July 2013, and received substantial airplay on British radio. It was released in Germany on 5 July 2013, 16 August in the UK and 27 August in France. \"\"This Is Gonna Hurt\"\" is a song with the lyrical content finding Tyler separating from a lover after mistreatment. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15926489", "chunk_text": "\"Walkin' Away (Diamond Rio song)\"\nand short scenes of the band-members and their \"\"dates\"\". The song entered the charts in early 1996 and peaked at number 2 on both The \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Songs chart and Canada's \"\"RPM\"\" country chart. Walkin' Away (Diamond Rio song) \"\"Walkin' Away\"\" is a song written by Annie Roboff and Craig Wiseman, and recorded by American country music group Diamond Rio. It was released in November 1995 as the lead-off single from the album \"\"IV\"\". In the song, the narrator pleads with his estranged lover by saying that just because he may lose his cool every now and then, their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10384017", "chunk_text": "\"I Stay Away\"\nI Stay Away \"\"I Stay Away\"\" is a song from Alice in Chains' 1994 EP \"\"Jar of Flies\"\", and the second single from the album. This song marked the first time the band wrote with bassist Mike Inez. The single reached No. 10 on Billboard's Mainstream Rock Tracks, and stayed in the chart for 26 weeks. \"\"I Stay Away\"\" was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock Performance in 1995. The song was included on the compilation albums \"\"\"\" (1999), \"\"Music Bank\"\" (1999), \"\"Greatest Hits\"\" (2001), and \"\"The Essential Alice in Chains\"\" (2006). In the liner notes of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_379	who plays whitey bulger's girlfriend in black mass?	n/a	[ "actress Dakota Johnson", "Dakota Johnson" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "74076", "chunk_text": "\"Black Mass (film)\"\nBack Bay, playing Whitey Bulger's longtime former girlfriend, Lindsey Cyr. On June 11, shooting was underway in Lynn, where the crew was filming scenes in which Bulger and Stephen Flemmi pick up a prostitute named Deborah Hussey (played by Juno Temple) from the police station. Temple was seen on the set. On June 16, Depp and Plemons were spotted on the set of the film in South Boston. On June 20, news posted some photos from the set of the film, which features classic cars from the film set in South Boston. On June 23, Cumberbatch and Depp were spotted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8319122", "chunk_text": "\"Black Mass (film)\"\nAgent in charge of the Boston field office and John Connolly's boss. On July 1, David Harbour was added to the cast of the film to star as John Morris, a corrupt FBI agent along with Connolly. The roles of Connolly – who was Whitey Bulger's FBI handler – and his first wife Marianne, were filled by Joel Edgerton and Julianne Nicholson, respectively. Cooper chose Nicholson for the part after her performance as Sally in Sam Shepard's off-Broadway play \"\"Heartless\"\" (before Claire van der Boom succeeded her for the play's two-week extension). Edgerton developed his portrayal of Connolly by studying", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8319110", "chunk_text": "\"Black Mass (film)\"\nBlack Mass (film) Black Mass is a 2015 American biographical crime drama film directed by Scott Cooper and written by Mark Mallouk and Jez Butterworth, based on the 2001 book \"\"Black Mass: The True Story of an Unholy Alliance Between the FBI and the Irish Mob\"\" by Dick Lehr and Gerard O'Neill. The film has an ensemble cast including Johnny Depp, Joel Edgerton, Benedict Cumberbatch, Kevin Bacon, Jesse Plemons, Peter Sarsgaard, Rory Cochrane, Adam Scott, Julianne Nicholson, Dakota Johnson and Corey Stoll. The film follows the criminal career of infamous American mobster James \"\"Whitey\"\" Bulger (Depp). Principal photography of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "74080", "chunk_text": "\"Black Mass (film)\"\non the FBI's role in the Bulger story. On July 25, Kevin Bacon was in Boston, filming some remaining scenes for the film. According to \"\"The Boston Globe\"\", filming for \"\"Black Mass\"\" wrapped up on Friday, August 1, 2014, in Boston. Sienna Miller was cast and filmed scenes as Catherine Greig, Bulger's companion while a fugitive, but her scenes ended up getting cut from the film due to \"\"narrative choices\"\". Erica McDermott was cast as Mary Bulger, wife of Billy Bulger, but the majority of her scenes were cut out. On June 30, 2014, Warner Bros. set the film for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "74071", "chunk_text": "\"Black Mass (film)\"\nof Bulger) and Deborah Hussey, one of Bulger's victims, respectively, around April 2014. Plemons reportedly prepared for his role by hiring a dialect coach and studying video of the actual Kevin Weeks. Benedict Cumberbatch replaced Guy Pearce as William \"\"Billy\"\" Bulger on May 22, 2014. On June 10, it was announced that Jeremy Strong would co-star in the film. On June 14, James Russo joined the cast of the film to play Scott Garriola, one of the FBI agents who took down Bulger. On June 26, Kevin Bacon was added to the cast to play Charles McGuire, the FBI Special", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8319111", "chunk_text": "\"Black Mass (film)\"\nfilm began on May 19, 2014 in Boston, and wrapped on August 1, 2014. It had its world premiere at the 72nd Venice International Film Festival and was released by Warner Bros. worldwide on September 18, 2015. It received generally positive reviews and grossed $99 million. In 1975, James \"\"Whitey\"\" Bulger, leader of the Winter Hill Gang, controls most organized crime within South Boston, along with his right-hand man Stephen Flemmi, newcomer Kevin Weeks, and callous hitman Johnny Martorano. Bulger lives with his common-law wife Lindsey Cyr and their young son Douglas. Bulger's supremacy is challenged by the North End", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "74079", "chunk_text": "\"Black Mass (film)\"\nas Whitey Bulger and Miller as Catherine Greig were spotted on the \"\"Black Mass\"\" set on the Revere Beach on July 10, 2014. On July 15, Cumberbatch wrapped filming for his part in Boston. On July 21, Depp filmed some scenes at the former Anthony's Hawthorne restaurant, located at Oxford Street and Central Avenue in Lynn. Depp's wife Amber Heard visited Depp on the set of the film on July 21, the last day of filming for Depp's role. In July, director Cooper told \"\"The Boston Globe\"\" that filming had to take place for two more weeks in Boston, focusing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "74075", "chunk_text": "\"Black Mass (film)\"\nin Cambridge. On May 27, filming was taking place in East Boston, where Johnny Depp and Jesse Plemons were seen together on the set. Next day on May 28, Joel Edgerton was seen during filming of a scene on Silver Street in South Boston. On June 4, Depp was spotted in Lynn during a recreation of the 1982 murders of Brian Halloran and Michael Donahue by Bulger. On June 6–7, Depp was seen filming scenes at Copley Square in Boston. On June 9, Depp's 51st birthday, he was filming scenes on location in Quincy, where actress Dakota Johnson was in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8319120", "chunk_text": "\"Black Mass (film)\"\nback to February 2013, when he was attached to star in the film, while Barry Levinson was still slated to direct and principal photography was scheduled to begin in May 2013. Depp briefly exited the project shortly after its sale at the 66th annual Cannes Film Festival, because of a salary dispute with Cross Creek Pictures. He later rejoined at around the same time Scott Cooper was attached to replace Levinson as director, and his signing for the film was made official in February 2014. Jesse Plemons and Juno Temple joined the cast to play as Kevin Weeks (a cohort", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "74078", "chunk_text": "\"Black Mass (film)\"\nEugenia apartments in Santa Monica, California, where FBI agents arrested Bulger on June 22, 2011. Arrest scenes were filmed there on July 7 and 8, and Sienna Miller was spotted dressed as Catherine Greig. From July 8–10, scenes were filmed on Revere Beach, so that a portion of Revere Beach remained closed. Between July 11–12, Revere Beach Boulevard remained closed for shooting. Revere Beach was transformed into Miami Beach, Florida, as live palm trees had been planted in the sand and a pizza restaurant was transformed into a Cuban cafe on Revere Beach Boulevard across the street from Beach. Depp", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8319124", "chunk_text": "\"Black Mass (film)\"\nactor was adamant in depicting the Boston gang leader's criminal and personal life as would be ultimately portrayed in the film. To achieve that, Depp attempted to meet with Bulger himself, but was declined a meeting and instead consulted Jay Carney, Bulger's attorney. Carney appeared on set a few times, to provide feedback on Depp's performance. Principal photography commenced on May 19, 2014 in Boston; actors were seen filming scenes in Dorchester. On May 23, some shots were also filmed at Polish American Club (altered to recreate West Broadway's Triple O's Lounge, Whitey's infamous South Boston hangout), on Cambridge Street", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "74073", "chunk_text": "\"Black Mass (film)\"\npast footage of the FBI agent before his imprisonment, some of which include his appearances on talk shows and in courtrooms. In an interview with \"\"The Wall Street Journal\"\", Edgerton stated that he declined trying to meet with the actual Connolly, reasoning that Connolly \"\"has one version of events and the film has a different version\"\". Edgerton originally dropped out of the project when Depp agreed to return, and Tom Hardy was in early talks for the role. However, Edgerton returned in the role. In preparing for his role, Depp similarly studied surveillance and police audio footage involving Bulger. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "74069", "chunk_text": "\"Black Mass (film)\"\nthe adaptation, and Barry Levinson was attached to direct instead. The finished version of \"\"Black Mass\"\" was scripted by Mark Mallouk and Jez Butterworth, and has been billed as the \"\"true story of Whitey Bulger, FBI agent John Connolly and the FBI's witness protection program that was created by J. Edgar Hoover.\"\" Later in January 2014, Scott Cooper was attached to re-write and direct the film. On February 27, 2014, Warner Bros. picked up the film's worldwide distribution rights, eyeing an October 2015 release, and the studio co-financed the film with Cross Creek. Johnny Depp's involvement with \"\"Black Mass\"\" dates", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8319114", "chunk_text": "\"Black Mass (film)\"\na cookout. His wife, Marianne, sees negative changes in her husband as his agent-informant relationship with Whitey grows. Cut out of an embezzlement scheme from World Jai Alai, Whitey orders Martorano to murder his rivals Roger Wheeler and John Callahan. An associate, Brian Halloran, goes to the FBI to report Whitey's involvement, much to Connolly's displeasure, who then tells Whitey of Halloran's accusation, thereby resulting in the murders of Halloran and an unnamed accomplice. Following the passing of his mother, Whitey's behavior becomes increasingly violent and unpredictable, deteriorating his informant relationship. A \"\"bulldog\"\" prosecutor, Fred Wyshak, is appointed the new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9152014", "chunk_text": "\"Carrie Coon\"\nfor a Tony Award for her performance in the 2012 revival of \"\"Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?\"\". She has starred in many films, including as Margo Dunne in the thriller \"\"Gone Girl\"\" (2014), Meg Greenfield in the drama \"\"The Post\"\" (2017), and in the supernatural horror drama \"\"The Keeping Hours\"\" (2017). In 2018, she played the Black Order member Proxima Midnight in \"\"\"\" and Vera Walker in the second season of \"\"The Sinner\"\". Carrie Alexandra Coon was born in Copley, Ohio on January 24, 1981, the daughter of Paula (\"\"née\"\" Ploenes) and John Coon. She has an older sister, an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9876103", "chunk_text": "\"Stephen Flemmi\"\nfor murder and racketeering, at which Bulger was sentenced to two life terms plus five years. Flemmi does not appear in the online Federal Bureau of Prisons Inmate Locator. This suggests he is being held under an alias to protect him from reprisals, which would not be unusual given that he turned informer. Flemmi is portrayed by Rory Cochrane in the 2015 Whitey Bulger biopic \"\"Black Mass\"\". Flemmi was also the inspiration behind the character Mr. French, portrayed by Ray Winstone, in the 2006 movie \"\"The Departed\"\". Stephen Flemmi and Whitey Bulger are alleged to have statutorily raped numerous underage", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "74083", "chunk_text": "\"Black Mass (film)\"\nrating of 6.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"\"\"\"Black Mass\"\" spins a gripping yarn out of its fact-based story – and leaves audiences with one of Johnny Depp's most compelling performances in years.\"\" On Metacritic, the film has a rating of 68 out of 100, based on 43 critics, indicating \"\"generally favorable reviews\"\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"\"B\"\" on an A+ to F scale. Depp's portrayal of Bulger received critical acclaim. Critics from \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\", \"\"Variety\"\", and \"\"TheWrap\"\" called it one of his best performances to date. \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\"s Todd McCarthy,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "74084", "chunk_text": "\"Black Mass (film)\"\nin addition to praising the film, called Depp's performance \"\"fully convincing and frightening\"\", saying it is \"\"very welcome at this point in his career and one of his best.\"\" Similarly, \"\"Indie Wire\"\"s Eric Kohn praised the cast and highlighted Depp's performance and Cooper's directorial efforts to depict \"\"the haunting legacy of Bulger's criminal deeds, and the lingering sense that no justice can erase their impact.\"\" Admiring \"\"Black Mass\"\" as an \"\"elegantly understated crime drama\"\", \"\"Variety\"\"s Scott Foundas positively compared Depp's performance in the film to his earlier roles with Tim Burton. \"\"TheWrap\"\"s Alonso Duralde praised Depp's performance, but was less", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3554877", "chunk_text": "\"Kevin Weeks\"\nreleased from prison. \"\"Now I can't,\"\" he quipped, \"\"Everybody knows my face.\"\" Actor Jesse Plemons portrayed Weeks in the 2015 film \"\"Black Mass\"\". Kevin Weeks Kevin Weeks (born March 21, 1956) is an Irish-American former mobster and a longtime friend and mob lieutenant to Whitey Bulger, the infamous boss of the Winter Hill Gang, a crime family based out of the Winter Hill neighborhood in Somerville, Massachusetts. After his arrest and imprisonment in 1999, he became a cooperating witness. His testimony is viewed as responsible for the convictions of FBI agent John Connolly, as well as for forcing Bulger's right-hand", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "74088", "chunk_text": "\"Black Mass (film)\"\nDepp deserved an Academy Award nomination for his performance as Bulger and were surprised when his name was left off the list of nominees. Some believe it was because Depp commented that he didn't want to win an Oscar if nominated for one. The soundtrack, written and composed by Tom Holkenborg, was released on September 11, 2015 at WaterTower Music 2015 Watertower Music (61:26) Black Mass (film) Black Mass is a 2015 American biographical crime drama film directed by Scott Cooper and written by Mark Mallouk and Jez Butterworth, based on the 2001 book \"\"Black Mass: The True Story of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10707621", "chunk_text": "\"Steve Barancik\"\nsubject of quality children's books and another to collecting the experiences of authors who have self-published. Steve Barancik Steve Barancik (born September 23, 1961, in Chicago, Illinois) is a screenwriter whose first screenplay, \"\"Buffalo Girls,\"\" was filmed and released as \"\"The Last Seduction\"\" in 1994. The film premiered as an HBO movie before going on shortly after to art house success. Actress Linda Fiorentino received notoriety for playing the movie's femme fatale, Bridget Gregory/Wendy Kroy, and Barancik was nominated for an Edgar Allan Poe Award for best mystery/crime screenplay of 1994. Barancik received critical acclaim for his screenplay for \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2748739", "chunk_text": "\"Steve Barancik\"\nSteve Barancik Steve Barancik (born September 23, 1961, in Chicago, Illinois) is a screenwriter whose first screenplay, \"\"Buffalo Girls,\"\" was filmed and released as \"\"The Last Seduction\"\" in 1994. The film premiered as an HBO movie before going on shortly after to art house success. Actress Linda Fiorentino received notoriety for playing the movie's femme fatale, Bridget Gregory/Wendy Kroy, and Barancik was nominated for an Edgar Allan Poe Award for best mystery/crime screenplay of 1994. Barancik received critical acclaim for his screenplay for \"\"The Last Seduction\"\", James Berardinelli called his dialogue \"\"scintillating, often hilarious, and occasionally insightful\"\", while \"\"Variety\"\" said", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19649910", "chunk_text": "\"Amanda Crew\"\nPassion section at the Busan International Film Festival on October 6, 2018. She will star with Robert Patrick and Ray Wise in the horror film \"\"Tone Deaf\"\". The film will be released sometime in 2019. Amanda Crew Amanda Catherine Crew (born June 5, 1986) is a Canadian actress. She is best known for portraying Monica Hall on the HBO sitcom \"\"Silicon Valley\"\" (2014–present). Following her film debut in \"\"Final Destination 3\"\" (2006), she had lead roles as Felicia Alpine in \"\"Sex Drive\"\" (2008) and Tess Carroll in \"\"Charlie St. Cloud\"\" (2010), as well as Carrie Miller on the television series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4026408", "chunk_text": "\"Brandy Ledford\"\nthe Leo Awards and Gemini Awards. Ledford was born in Denver, Colorado. In the early 1990s, she was married to snowboarder Damian Sanders, and appears in \"\"Critical Condition\"\" and \"\"Snowboarders in Exile\"\" as herself. She was also married to actor Martin Cummins, with whom she has a child. Brandy Ledford Brandy Lee Ledford (born February 4, 1969) is an American actress, model and \"\"Penthouse\"\" magazine's 1992 \"\"Pet of the Year\"\". Ledford also posed numerous times for Club International, a pornographic magazine, from 1990 to 1991 using the alias Jisel. She played the role of Desiree on \"\"Modern Family\"\", starred as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19727201", "chunk_text": "\"Debi Mazar\"\nDebi Mazar Deborah Anne Mazar Corcos (; born August 13, 1964) is an American actress and television personality, known for playing sharp-tongued women. She began her career with supporting roles in \"\"Goodfellas\"\" (1990), \"\"Little Man Tate\"\" (1991) and \"\"Singles\"\" (1992), followed by lead roles on the legal drama series \"\"Civil Wars\"\" and \"\"L.A. Law\"\". Beginning in 2014, she has had a starring role in the Cooking Channel series, \"\"Extra Virgin\"\", along with her husband Gabriele Corcos. She is also known for her role as press agent Shauna Roberts on the HBO series \"\"Entourage\"\" and currently stars as Maggie Amato on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8319112", "chunk_text": "\"Black Mass (film)\"\nAngiulo Brothers, a rival gang that is part of the New England Mafia family. FBI agent John Connolly returns to the area – he grew up in South Boston as a friend of Whitey and his brother William \"\"Billy\"\" Bulger, the Massachusetts Senate President. Connolly tries infiltrating the Angiulo Brothers and attempts to get Whitey to work with the FBI. Although Whitey hates the idea of being a rat, he understands the protection he would have for himself, his gang, and his family. Douglas suffers from Reye syndrome, leading a devastated Lindsey to remove him from life support over Whitey's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7242380", "chunk_text": "\"Megan Boone\"\nMegan Boone Megan Boone (born April 29, 1983) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as FBI agent and profiler Elizabeth Keen on the NBC drama series \"\"The Blacklist\"\". She was also a regular on \"\"\"\" and has appeared in films such as \"\"My Bloody Valentine 3D\"\" (2009) and \"\"Step Up Revolution\"\" (2012). Boone was born in Petoskey, Michigan and raised in The Villages, Florida. Her parents relocated there when she was a child to be closer to her grandparents. Her grandfather, H. Gary Morse, was The Villages' developer; and her mother, Jennifer Parr, is the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "74085", "chunk_text": "\"Black Mass (film)\"\npositive towards the film's pacing and short onscreen appearances of some supporting characters. BBC Culture's Nicolas Barber found some of the subplots to be unnecessary (specifically mentioning Benedict Cumberbatch as Billy Bulger), and argued that \"\"the film is never bad, but, given the gob-smacking true story, it's disappointing that it's not great\"\". In a negative review, CraveOnline's Fred Topel labeled \"\"Black Mass\"\" as a \"\"black mess\"\". He criticized the screenwriting and argued that the film borrows too heavily from \"\"Goodfellas\"\", writing: \"\"...it's clear that the filmmakers wanted to turn this into \"\"Goodfellas\"\" and tried to shoehorn this story into a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4746907", "chunk_text": "\"Maggie Blye\"\nMaggie Blye Maggie Blye (October 24, 1942 – March 24, 2016) was an American actress, also sometimes billed as Margaret Blye. She was best known for playing Michael Caine's girlfriend in \"\"The Italian Job\"\" (1969). Blye was born Margaret Jane Blye in Houston, Texas. Her sister was casting director Judy Blye Wilson. After studying business at the University of Texas, she went to UCLA, where she became involved in acting. Her performance in a production of \"\"West Side Story\"\" there was seen by a talent scout for 20th Century Fox studios. Blye was a regular on the ABC-TV program \"\"Kodiak\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3122922", "chunk_text": "\"Lin Tucci\"\nNetflix comedy-drama series, \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\". She plays the role of Anita DeMarco, an outspoken Jersey-Italian inmate. Lin Tucci Lin Tucci (born Linda Petrucci, February 8, 1960) is an American actress. Tucci is known for her performance as Henrietta \"\"Mama\"\" Bazoom in the film \"\"Showgirls\"\" (1995). She also performed in the number of theatre productions, and co-starred in several films. Tucci became interested in acting while in High School in Rhode Island. She later attended Community College of Rhode Island and Boston Conservatory of Music, where she received a fine arts degree in theater. Afterwards, Tucci moved to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "221833", "chunk_text": "\"Eve Gordon\"\nEve Gordon Eve Gordon (also known as Eve Bennett-Gordon; born June 25, 1960) is an American actress. Her television roles include playing Marilyn Monroe in the Emmy Award-winning miniseries \"\"A Woman Named Jackie\"\", Congressional aide Jordan Miller in the short-lived sitcom \"\"The Powers That Be\"\", the mother of the title character in the drama series \"\"Felicity\"\", and Monica Klain, the wife of Ron Klain (played by Kevin Spacey) in the 2008 Emmy Award-winning HBO film \"\"Recount\"\". She also starred in the 1997 film \"\"Honey, We Shrunk Ourselves\"\", starring opposite Rick Moranis. Gordon was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the daughter of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2988377", "chunk_text": "\"Margarita Levieva\"\nthe lead character on the show. Margarita Levieva Margarita Vladimirovna Levieva (; born 9 February 1980) is a Russian-American actress. Born in the Soviet Union, she was a competitive gymnast before going on to star in the films \"\"The Invisible\"\", \"\"Adventureland\"\", and \"\"Spread\"\". On television, she is known for her role as Gina Zanetakos on \"\"The Blacklist\"\" and most recently as Abigail \"\"Abby\"\" Parker opposite James Franco on the HBO series \"\"The Deuce.\"\" Levieva was born in Leningrad, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union (now Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). She is from an upper class Russian Jewish family, and is the daughter", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15196792", "chunk_text": "\"Liz May Brice\"\n\"\"Misfits\"\". In 2014, Brice voiced Licia of Lindeldt & Milibeth in \"\"Dark Souls II\"\", and later portrayed Gainsborough in the \"\"Black Mirror\"\" holiday special titled \"\"White Christmas\"\". Liz May Brice Elizabeth May Brice (born 8 September 1975) is an English actress. She is known for roles such as the convicted murderer Pat Kerrigan on ITV1's \"\"Bad Girls\"\". Brice was born in Redhill, Surrey. She studied English at Cambridge University. Her early acting roles included a schoolgirl witch in the 1986 adaptation of Jill Murphy's novel, \"\"The Worst Witch\"\" and a part in children's sitcom \"\"News at Twelve\"\" (1988) (for both", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8319115", "chunk_text": "\"Black Mass (film)\"\nassistant U. S. Attorney in Boston. Connolly attempts to make friends and to perhaps divert his attention from Bulger, but Wyshak bluntly refuses, demanding that the FBI arrest Whitey. John McIntyre, an informant within the Winter Hill Gang, informs on an attempt by Whitey to smuggle weapons for the IRA. Connolly tells Whitey, who murders McIntyre. Wyshak and McGuire investigate Connolly's management of Whitey's informant role. They discover that most of what Connolly called Whitey's tips were already obtained from other sources. Morris, disillusioned and fearing prosecution for his association with Connolly's activities, anonymously divulges Connolly's and Whitey's relationship to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7242385", "chunk_text": "\"Megan Boone\"\nchildren that are environmentally safe. Megan Boone Megan Boone (born April 29, 1983) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as FBI agent and profiler Elizabeth Keen on the NBC drama series \"\"The Blacklist\"\". She was also a regular on \"\"\"\" and has appeared in films such as \"\"My Bloody Valentine 3D\"\" (2009) and \"\"Step Up Revolution\"\" (2012). Boone was born in Petoskey, Michigan and raised in The Villages, Florida. Her parents relocated there when she was a child to be closer to her grandparents. Her grandfather, H. Gary Morse, was The Villages' developer; and her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3805275", "chunk_text": "\"Margarita Levieva\"\nMargarita Levieva Margarita Vladimirovna Levieva (; born 9 February 1980) is a Russian-American actress. Born in the Soviet Union, she was a competitive gymnast before going on to star in the films \"\"The Invisible\"\", \"\"Adventureland\"\", and \"\"Spread\"\". On television, she is known for her role as Gina Zanetakos on \"\"The Blacklist\"\" and most recently as Abigail \"\"Abby\"\" Parker opposite James Franco on the HBO series \"\"The Deuce.\"\" Levieva was born in Leningrad, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union (now Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). She is from an upper class Russian Jewish family, and is the daughter of Irina Levieva, the President of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10662985", "chunk_text": "\"Laura Harrington\"\nLaura Harrington Laura Harrington (born April 29, 1958) is an American actress. Harrington is perhaps best known for her role as the main character's sister in the 1993 film \"\"What's Eating Gilbert Grape\"\". Her character was aged around 20 though the actress herself was 35 at the time. She has also had a prominent role in the 1986 film \"\"Maximum Overdrive\"\", written and directed by horror novelist Stephen King, in which she played the love interest to Emilio Estevez's character. She had a supporting role in the 1997 film \"\"The Devil's Advocate\"\", alongside Keanu Reeves and Al Pacino. Harrington has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6705461", "chunk_text": "\"Dick Lehr\"\nand Fall of a Mafia Family\"\", with Gerard O’Neill published first by St. Martin’s Press and later editions by PublicAffairs. In May 2000, \"\"Black Mass\"\" was released, which he also co-authored with O’Neill. Pulling from their investigations on the Spotlight Team, \"\"Black Mass\"\" detailed the illicit relationship between Boston crime boss James \"\"Whitey\"\" Bulger and FBI special agent John Connolly. The book became a New York Times bestseller and won the 2001 Edgar Award for best fact crime. In 2015 the film adaptation of \"\"Black Mass\"\" premiered, with Johnny Depp playing the role of Whitey Bulger and Benedict Cumberbatch playing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2872540", "chunk_text": "\"Cindy Vela\"\nLos Angeles, and Maria Kane. Vela is a trained saxophonist and a fan of \"\"Harry Potter\"\". Her brother Freddy is a local news and weather anchor in the Rio Grande Valley. Vela began dating actor Kiefer Sutherland in 2014. They kept their relationship private up until 2017. Vela goes with Sutherland and his band on tour promoting his album \"\"Down in a Hole.\"\" Vela and Sutherland became engaged in 2017.\"\"\"\" Cindy Vela Cindy Vela (born January 4, 1979) is an American actress, model, and saxophonist. She has appeared in \"\"Black November\"\" (2012), \"\"Endgame\"\" (2015), and \"\"Camino\"\" (2016). Vela was born", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9152013", "chunk_text": "\"Carrie Coon\"\nCarrie Coon Carrie Alexandra Coon (born January 24, 1981) is an American actress. Coon is known for starring as Nora Durst in the HBO drama series \"\"The Leftovers\"\" (2014–2017), for which she won a Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Drama Series. She starred as Gloria Burgle in the third season of the FX anthology series \"\"Fargo\"\" (2017), for which she was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie. Coon also won the TCA Award for Individual Achievement in Drama for both performances. On stage, Coon was nominated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6546477", "chunk_text": "\"Kelli Barrett\"\nWorld Turns\"\", \"\"Chicago Fire\"\" and \"\"I Just Want My Pants Back\"\". She made minor appearances on \"\"The Good Wife\"\", \"\"Person of Interest\"\", \"\"Ugly Betty\"\" and \"\"Blue Bloods\"\". She became part of the successful Marvel Cinematic Universe franchise by portraying Maria Castle in \"\"Marvel's The Punisher\"\". Kelli Barrett is married to fellow actor Jarrod Spector. They considered themselves best friends when they first met as they would collaborate over various performances. They eventually began dating and married on October 26, 2014. Kelli Barrett Kelli Barrett (born January 26, 1984) is an American actress. Kelli Barrett was raised by a single mother", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1035335", "chunk_text": "\"Karen Black\"\nKaren Black Karen Blanche Black (née Ziegler; July 1, 1939 – August 8, 2013) was an American actress, screenwriter, singer, and songwriter. She rose to prominence for her work in various independent films in the 1970s. She received numerous accolades throughout her career, including three Golden Globe Award nominations, two of which she won, as well as an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress. A native of Illinois, Black studied acting in New York City and performed on Broadway before making her major film debut in Francis Ford Coppola's \"\"You're a Big Boy Now\"\" (1966). She followed this with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2199368", "chunk_text": "\"Mary Lynn Rajskub\"\nMary Lynn Rajskub Mary Lynn Rajskub (; born June 22, 1971) is an American actress and comedian, best known for portraying Chloe O'Brian in the Fox action thriller series \"\"24\"\". Rajskub was born on June 22, 1971 in Detroit, Michigan and raised in nearby Trenton, the daughter of Betty and Tony Rajskub. She is of Irish, Polish, and Czechoslovak descent. Her father is a pipefitter of Czech descent, and her mother worked as a pharmacist's assistant. Rajskub played the clarinet in a school band and portrayed Frenchie in the musical \"\"Grease\"\". One of her childhood inspirations was the television series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19770170", "chunk_text": "\"Mira Sorvino\"\nJohn Pope's love interest, Sara. Sorvino also joined the cast of the television series \"\"Intruders\"\", playing the role of Amy Whelan. In 2016, she appeared in the Netflix series \"\"Lady Dynamite\"\" as an actor working on a sitcom pilot named \"\"White Trash\"\". In 2018, Sorvino played the role of Amy in the psychological thriller, Look Away, alongside Jason Isaacs and India Eisley. Between 1996 and 1998, Mira Sorvino was romantically involved with director Quentin Tarantino, who was her escort to the Academy Awards ceremony where she won Best Supporting Actress for \"\"Mighty Aphrodite\"\". Sorvino met actor Christopher Backus at a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4855807", "chunk_text": "\"Branka Katić\"\nTaylor in \"\"Auf Wiedersehen, Pet\"\"; Ana, Bill Henrickson's briefly considered candidate for his fourth wife on the HBO series \"\"Big Love\"\"; Charlotte Kaletta in the TV miniseries \"\"\"\"; Nika Marx, the producer's wife in the episode \"\"The Prince's Bride\"\" of \"\"Entourage\"\"; and as a prostitute in an episode of \"\"The Vice\"\". Katić is married to British film and television director Julian Farino. They have two sons: Louis and Joe. Branka Katić Branka Katić (Serbian Cyrillic: Бранка Катић; born 20 January 1970) is a Serbian actress known for appearing in the films \"\"Black Cat, White Cat\"\", \"\"Public Enemies\"\" and the TV", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13661861", "chunk_text": "\"Ilfenesh Hadera\"\nup until the age of 30. In 2010, Hadera made her acting debut in the film \"\"1/20\"\". She has also appeared in \"\"Da Brick\"\", \"\"The Blacklist\"\", \"\"Oldboy\"\", \"\"Show Me a Hero\"\", \"\"Chi-Raq\"\", \"\"Chicago Fire\"\", \"\"The Punisher\"\", and \"\"She's Gotta Have It\"\". She co-starred as Stephanie Holden in the 2017 film \"\"Baywatch\"\" and is starring as Kay Daniels in the TV series \"\"Deception\"\". She has a recurring role in the Showtime series \"\"Billions\"\", as Bobby Axelrod's secretary Deb Kawi. Ilfenesh Hadera Ilfenesh Hadera (born December 1, 1985) is an American actress. Ilfenesh Hadera was born in New York, United States and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7865558", "chunk_text": "\"Kate Hewlett\"\n2012, Hewlett was cast in the Canadian teen drama series \"\"\"\" as Margaret Matlin, a role she played until 2014. In 2013, she starred in Jeremy Lalonde's low-budget comedy feature film \"\"Sex After Kids\"\". In 2014, she was cast in the comedy television series \"\"The Stanley Dynamic\"\" as Lisa Stanley and in 2016, she guest starred on the Starz series \"\"The Girlfriend Experience\"\", based on Steven Soderbergh's film of the same name. Hewlett was born in Toronto, Ontario. Kate Hewlett Katherine Emily \"\"Kate\"\" Hewlett (born December 17, 1976) is a Canadian film, television and stage actress and producer. Hewlett has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1296848", "chunk_text": "\"Monster (2003 film)\"\nMonster (2003 film) Monster is a 2003 biographical crime drama film written and directed by Patty Jenkins. The film is about serial killer Aileen Wuornos, a former prostitute who was executed in Florida in 2002 for killing six men (she was not tried for a seventh murder) in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Wuornos was played by Charlize Theron; her semi-fictionalized lover, Selby Wall (based on Wuornos's real-life girlfriend Tyria Moore), was played by Christina Ricci. Theron received critical acclaim and won numerous awards for her portrayal, including the Academy Award for Best Actress, Golden Globe Award for Best", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15129876", "chunk_text": "\"Lisa Marie (actress)\"\nwhile Burton's new girlfriend Helena Bonham Carter was one of its lead actresses. Marie has appeared in numerous magazines including \"\"Maxim\"\" and \"\"Esquire\"\". She’s also had her own photographs exhibited and published in magazines, \"\"Vanity Fair\"\" ran photos side by side that Marie and Burton each took. In 2015, Marie starred in the critically acclaimed horror film \"\"We Are Still Here\"\" with Barbara Crampton, Andrew Sensenig, Larry Fessenden, Monte Markham, and Susan Gibney. Lisa Marie (actress) Lisa Marie Smith (born December 5, 1968) is an American model and actress, who uses simply Lisa Marie as her professional name. Was a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18448316", "chunk_text": "\"Laura Haddock\"\nand played Vivian Wembley in the Michael Bay film \"\"\"\", which was released on 21 June 2017. Haddock married actor Sam Claflin in July 2013 after dating for two years. On 5 November 2015, at \"\"\"\" London premiere, it was revealed that Claflin and Haddock were expecting their first child. Haddock gave birth to their child, a son Pip, on 10 December 2015. The couple welcomed a daughter in January 2018. Laura Haddock Laura Jane Haddock (born 21 August 1985) is an English actress. She is best known for portraying Kacie Carter in \"\"Honest\"\", Lucrezia in \"\"Da Vinci's Demons\"\", Meredith", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_380	who came up with popcorn at the movies?	n/a	[ "Glen W. Dickson" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "224561", "chunk_text": "\"Samuel M. Rubin\"\nSamuel M. Rubin Samuel M. Rubin (May 24, 1918 – February 5, 2004) was a concessionaire and businessman. He is best known for introducing popcorn to movie theaters in New York in the 1930s, earning him the nickname \"\"Sam the Popcorn Man\"\". He sold pretzels at age 6 and flags at 9. He started selling popcorn in Long Island City, New York and then at the age of 12 starting selling in theaters. He is the probable pioneer of the widespread use of popcorn machines in theaters. Rubin got the idea after watching popcorn being made in Oklahoma City around", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "224563", "chunk_text": "\"Samuel M. Rubin\"\ntheater chains and Broadway theatres, as well as several sports stadiums, Central Park, and the Empire State Building. He also owned about 10 movie theaters. Samuel M. Rubin Samuel M. Rubin (May 24, 1918 – February 5, 2004) was a concessionaire and businessman. He is best known for introducing popcorn to movie theaters in New York in the 1930s, earning him the nickname \"\"Sam the Popcorn Man\"\". He sold pretzels at age 6 and flags at 9. He started selling popcorn in Long Island City, New York and then at the age of 12 starting selling in theaters. He is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3747648", "chunk_text": "Popcorn\nin John Russell Bartlett's 1848 \"\"Dictionary of Americanisms\"\". Popcorn is an ingredient in Cracker Jack, and in the early years of the product, it was popped by hand. Popcorn's accessibility increased rapidly in the 1890s with Charles Cretors' invention of the popcorn maker. Cretors, a Chicago candy store owner, created a number of steam powered machines for roasting nuts, and applied the technology to the corn kernels. By the turn of the century, Cretors had created and deployed street carts equipped with steam powered popcorn makers. During the Great Depression, popcorn was fairly inexpensive at 5–10 cents a bag and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3747653", "chunk_text": "Popcorn\nsome wild types will pop, the cultivated strain is \"\"Zea mays everta,\"\" which is a special kind of flint corn. Popcorn can be cooked with butter or oil. Although small quantities can be popped in a stove-top kettle or pot in a home kitchen, commercial sale of freshly popped popcorn employs specially designed popcorn machines, which were invented in Chicago, Illinois, by Charles Cretors in 1885. Cretors successfully introduced his invention at the Columbian Exposition in 1893. At this same world's fair, F.W. Rueckheim introduced a molasses-flavored \"\"Candied Popcorn,\"\" the first caramel corn; his brother, Louis Ruekheim, slightly altered the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3747649", "chunk_text": "Popcorn\nbecame popular. Thus, while other businesses failed, the popcorn business thrived and became a source of income for many struggling farmers, including the Redenbacher family, namesake of the famous popcorn brand. During World War II, sugar rations diminished candy production, and Americans compensated by eating three times as much popcorn as they had before. The snack was popular at theaters, much to the initial displeasure of many of the theater owners, who thought it distracted from the films. Their minds eventually changed, however, and in 1938 a Midwestern theater owner named Glen W. Dickson installed popcorn machines in the lobbies", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "224562", "chunk_text": "\"Samuel M. Rubin\"\n1930. There is some uncertainty about whether Rubin was the first to sell popcorn in theaters — his daughter and a former partner do not remember Rubin selling popcorn in quantity until the 1950s — but he is widely recognized for popularizing the practice. Rubin sold other snacks as well, and is responsible for creating large, \"\"movie sized\"\" candy bars and boxes. Rubin worked for ABC Vending and its predecessors from the age of 12, when he sold candy, to shortly before his death, by which time he was a regional vice president. He managed concessions for several major movie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15555464", "chunk_text": "\"Popcorn maker\"\nPopcorn maker A popcorn maker (also called a popcorn popper) is a machine used to pop popcorn. Since ancient times, popcorn has been a popular snack food, produced through the explosive expansion of kernels of heated corn (maize). Commercial large scale popcorn machines were invented by Charles Cretors in the late 19th century. Many types of small scale home methods for popping corn also exist. Commercial popcorn machines are commonly found in movie theaters and carnivals, producing popcorn in a pan of hot oil, which has approximately 45% of its calories derived from fat. Hot air popcorn poppers appeared for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3747654", "chunk_text": "Popcorn\nrecipe and introduced it as Cracker Jack popcorn in 1896. Cretors's invention introduced the first patented steam-driven popcorn machine that popped corn in oil. Previously, vendors popped corn by holding a wire basket over an open flame. At best, the result was a hot, dry, unevenly cooked snack. Cretors's machine popped corn in a mixture of one-third clarified butter, two-thirds lard, and salt. This mixture can withstand the temperature needed to pop corn and it produces little smoke. A fire under a boiler created steam that drove a small engine; that engine drove the gears, shaft, and agitator that stirred", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4336651", "chunk_text": "\"History of cinema in the United States\"\nan unnamed person commented \"\"Find a good popcorn location and build a theater around it.\"\" The health benefits of this cinema food are generally low, and have been debated for years. Owner of Sony Pictures, Michael Lynton, has been one of the chief arguers over this, and has wanted cinemas worldwide to stop providing this junk food and instead provide healthier alternatives, like crudités, smoothies, nuts, granola bars and additive-free air-popped popcorn. Patrons are typically angered by cellphone use, talking, and other disturbances during the viewing. Although violence in American movie theaters is uncommon, there have been several notable cases", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3747664", "chunk_text": "Popcorn\nthe latter developed only as recently as 1998. Growing conditions and popping environment can also affect the butterfly-to-mushroom ratio. When referring to multiple pieces of popcorn, it is acceptable to use the term \"\"popcorn\"\". When referring to a singular piece of popcorn, the accepted terminology is kernel. Popcorn is a popular snack food at sporting events and in cinemas, where it has been served since the 1930s. Cinemas have come under fire due to their high markup on popcorn; Stuart Hanson, a film historian at De Montfort University in Leicester once said \"\"\"\"One of the great jokes in the industry", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4209591", "chunk_text": "Cretors\nthis wagon were created. This was also the time period that electricity was becoming the wave of the future. Charles Cretors created the first popcorn machine with an electric motor. As a result, C. Cretors and Company holds one of the oldest active Underwriters Laboratories numbers (EA175) for electrically operated machinery. The electric poppers soon took to market and electricity quickly became the choice of power, as steam power had a long reputation for being complicated and dangerous. As movie theater attendance grew through the 1920s, Cretors began designing machines that could pop and hold more of the product. Popcorn", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3747668", "chunk_text": "Popcorn\nexample of this first came to public attention in the mid-1990s, when the Center for Science in the Public Interest produced a report about \"\"Movie Popcorn\"\", which became the subject of a widespread publicity campaign. The movie theaters surveyed used coconut oil to pop the corn, and then topped it with butter or margarine. \"\"A medium-size buttered popcorn\"\", the report said, \"\"contains more fat than a breakfast of bacon and eggs, a Big Mac and fries, and a steak dinner combined.\"\" The practice continues today. For example, according to DietFacts.com, a small popcorn from Regal Cinema Group (the largest theater", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9391460", "chunk_text": "\"Orville Redenbacher\"\nOrville Redenbacher Orville Clarence Redenbacher (July 16, 1907 – September 19, 1995) was an American businessman most often associated with the brand of popcorn that bears his name. The New York Times described him as \"\"the agricultural visionary who all but single-handedly revolutionized the American popcorn industry.\"\" Redenbacher was born in Brazil, Indiana, on July 16, 1907, to William Joseph Redenbacher (1872–1939), a farmer, and Julia Magdalena Dierdorff (1874–1944). He grew up on his family's farm where he sometimes sold popcorn from the back of his car. He graduated from Brazil High School in 1924 in the top 5% of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3747650", "chunk_text": "Popcorn\nof his theaters. The venture was a financial success, and the trend soon spread. In 1970, Orville Redenbacher's namesake brand of popcorn was launched. In 1981, General Mills received the first patent for a microwave popcorn bag, with popcorn consumption seeing a sharp increase by tens of thousands of pounds in the years following. At least six localities (all in the Midwestern United States) claim to be the \"\"Popcorn Capital of the World;\"\": Ridgway, Illinois; Valparaiso, Indiana; Van Buren, Indiana; Schaller, Iowa; Marion, Ohio; and North Loup, Nebraska. According to the USDA, corn used for popcorn production is specifically planted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15555469", "chunk_text": "\"Popcorn maker\"\nengine, and the Tosty Rosty Man, a small mechanical clown that acted as a merchandiser for the machine. Cretors' machine became the first automated machine that could pop popcorn uniformly in its own seasonings. As a result, the product came out the same way every time. Cretors applied for a patent on his new automated peanut roaster and popcorn popper machine on August 10, 1891. U.S. Patent 506,207 was granted to Cretors on October 10, 1893. Charles Cretors took his new popcorn wagon and peanut roaster to the midway of Chicago's Columbian Exposition in 1893 and introduced the new corn", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4359303", "chunk_text": "\"Popcorn (1991 film)\"\nMnesyne (Ray Walston), an owner of a film memorabilia shop who has the appropriate gimmicks for the films chosen for the festival. There are three main films within a film. \"\"Mosquito\"\" is a 3D film, \"\"The Attack of the Amazing Electrified Man\"\" was released with an accompanying \"\"Shock-o-Scope\"\" gimmick (electrical \"\"buzzers\"\" in seats), and \"\"The Stench\"\" is a Japanese film released in Odorama. As they go through Dr. Mnesyne's trunks of equipment, they find a short cult film called \"\"Possessor\"\", that greatly resembles Maggie's dreams. Davis informs them that back in the 1960s the film's creator, Lanyard Gates, went on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4336647", "chunk_text": "\"History of cinema in the United States\"\nice creams and a wide range of confectionery. At most theaters, people are allowed to select their own sweets (known as \"\"pick and mix\"\".) The concessions for buying snacks and drinks often represent the theater's primary source of profit (snacks make up 20% of revenue but 40% of profits in the United States theaters, with a box of popcorn generating a profit of 85%) since most of the ticket revenue goes to the film distributor (and onward to the movie studio). Bringing one's own food and drinks may be forbidden (although not always strictly enforced) in order to maintain a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8535130", "chunk_text": "\"Allan Katz\"\nAllan Katz Allan Katz (born in Chicago, Illinois) is an American writer, producer, actor, and director. He began his writing career as an advertising copywriter. In 1970 he created the original award-winning campaign for the popcorn snack Screaming Yellow Zonkers which was the first major product to be packaged in a predominantly black box. Every panel of the box was covered by absurd copy and illustrations. Katz wrote the copy on the first several boxes, and wrote and produced the TV and radio campaign. Katz was hired to be one of the youngest writers on \"\"Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In\"\" and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14523315", "chunk_text": "\"Act II (popcorn)\"\nGVMF on the packaging) company of Edina, Minnesota. GVMF was later bought by ConAgra Foods in 1991. The Edina facility was closed and manufacturing moved to other manufacturing plants in the USA and Mexico. The popcorn bag used in Act II was invented by James Watkins, a former engineer for the Pillsbury Company in Minneapolis, MN and then Founder/President of Golden Valley Microwave Foods. Act II (popcorn) Act II is a brand of microwave popcorn in North America that is ostensibly based on the look and taste of movie theater popcorn. It is currently made and distributed by Conagra Brands.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4209590", "chunk_text": "Cretors\nCharles Cretors took his new popcorn wagon to the Midway of Chicago's Columbian Exposition in 1893 and introduced the new corn product to the public. After a trial period where Cretors gave away samples of his new popcorn product, people began to line up to purchase bags of the hot, buttered popcorn. The smell of roasting peanuts and of hot buttered corn being popped in its seasoning right before the buyers' eyes was enough to attract attention and ultimately sales. By 1900, Cretors introduced the Special, the first large horse-drawn popcorn wagon. It was an immediate success. Three variations of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15555468", "chunk_text": "\"Popcorn maker\"\nto the proposal, and hired his first salesman. By 1893, Cretors had created a steam powered machine that could roast 12 pounds of peanuts and 20 pounds of coffee, pop corn, and bake chestnuts. Popcorn was becoming the next popular choice for snackfood. Cretors redesigned his automated roasting machine so it would roast peanuts and pop popcorn at the same time. Cretors' machine design offered several advantages over the hand operated process. First as a machine, it made operation more predictable and it provided an attraction for both the retailer and the customer. There was the novelty of the steam", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1481201", "chunk_text": "\"Movie theater\"\ntickets. Movie theaters also often have a concession stand for buying snacks and drinks within the theater's lobby. Other features included are film posters, arcade games and washrooms. Stage theaters are sometimes converted into movie theaters by placing a screen in front of the stage and adding a projector; this conversion may be permanent, or temporary for purposes such as showing arthouse fare to an audience accustomed to plays. The familiar characteristics of relatively low admission and open seating can be traced to Samuel Roxy Rothafel, an early movie theater impresario. Many of these early theaters contain a balcony, an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3941605", "chunk_text": "\"Act II (popcorn)\"\nAct II (popcorn) Act II is a brand of microwave popcorn in North America that is ostensibly based on the look and taste of movie theater popcorn. It is currently made and distributed by Conagra Brands. Act II was preceded in the popcorn market by Act I, an early microwave popcorn that had to be stored in the refrigerator due its real butter content. Act I was introduced in 1981. In 1984, Act II, a shelf stable microwave popcorn was released, becoming the first mass-marketed microwave popcorn. Act II was manufactured by the Golden Valley Microwave Foods (frequently abbreviated as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15555467", "chunk_text": "\"Popcorn maker\"\nand put his machine on the sidewalk in front of his shop to test it and sell product at the same time. The date on the vendor's license is December 2, 1885, which marks the inception of C. Cretors & Company. The new roaster was driven by a small steam engine, which automated the roasting process, which was a new concept. A chance meeting happened between Cretors and a traveling salesman who purchased a bag of roasted peanuts. The salesman, J.M Savage, was very intrigued with the new peanut roaster, and offered to sell it in his territory. Cretors agreed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15294578", "chunk_text": "\"Charles F. Bowman\"\nCharles F. Bowman Charles F. \"\"Charlie\"\" Bowman (May 3, 1919 – April 8, 2009) was an American businessman who partnered with Orville Redenbacher to create a gourmet popping corn which won a third of the US market for unpopped popcorn by the mid-1970s. The corn was marketed as Orville Redenbacher's. Charlie Bowman graduated from Purdue University. In 1951, Bowman and Redenbacher bought Chester, Inc., a company based in Boone Grove, Indiana, that specialized in hybrid seeds. Redenbacher's eponymous popcorn was the result of nearly twenty years of research at Chester and was launched in 1970. Bowman served as the company's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9393392", "chunk_text": "\"Cracker Jack\"\n1871. The Rueckheim legend is filled with exaggerations since sugar coated popcorn with molases and mixed with peanuts, as we have already seen above in news clippings was already known at least by the 1860's. The Rueckheim popcorn was made by hand using steam equipment. In 1873, Fritz bought out his partner, William Brinkmeyer, and brought his brother Louis Rueckheim over from Germany to join in his venture, forming the company F.W. Rueckheim & Bro. The Rueckheim Brothers produced a new recipe including popcorn, peanuts, and molasses, and first presented it to the public at the World's Columbian Exposition (Chicago's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19400079", "chunk_text": "\"James Vicary\"\nPopcorn\"\" and \"\"Drink Coca-Cola\"\", causing a 57.5 percent sales increase for popcorn and an 18.1 percent increase in Coca-Cola sales. Vicary provided no explanations for his results making it impossible to reproduce his results. Taken in context with evidence that no experiment even took place, Vicary’s results can be considered completely fraudulent. Vicary later retracted his claims in a television interview, but Vicary’s original claims spread rapidly and lead to widespread acceptance of subliminal messaging, even today. (O’Barr 2005). James Vicary James McDonald Vicary (April 30, 1915 – November 7, 1977) was a market researcher best known for pioneering the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19442250", "chunk_text": "\"Odell's\"\non top of popcorn. The problem with creamery butter is that it needs to be refrigerated and when melted it separates into water, milk solids and butterfat so it had to be constantly stirred before being put on the popcorn. Virgil discovered a process used by the military to remove water and milk solids from butter. This process enabled butter to be shipped overseas without refrigeration or special handling. This process led to the introduction of Odell’s Anhydrous Butterfat for the use on theatre popcorn, it was an immediate success with theatres. On January 31, 1961, Odell Concession Specialty Co.,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7443363", "chunk_text": "\"The Popcorn\"\nThe Popcorn \"\"The Popcorn\"\" is a 1969 instrumental written and recorded by James Brown. It was the first of several records Brown made inspired by the popular dance of the same name. Released as a single on King Records, it charted #11 R&B and #30 Pop. It also appeared as the title track of an album released the same year.The recording's bassline shares great similarities with Cold Sweat. In fact, it's a revamp of an earlier single \"\"Bringing Up the Guitar\"\" by Alfred Ellis and The Dapps, featuring the same band on this recording. The single's B-side, \"\"The Chicken\"\", written", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2543353", "chunk_text": "Butterkist\nButterkist Butterkist is the United Kingdom's best-selling brand of popcorn, with around 40% of the £90 million market. In 1914, Fred Hoke and James Holcomb begin to sell popcorn machines in Kentucky, United States under the brand of Butter-Kist. As their business developed, vendors began buying popcorn machines and the brand began to spread. In 1938 Butter-Kist machines made their way to the UK via an unknown route, developing the brand as in the United States through sales to cinema audiences. During World War II, the brand developed quickly, thanks to the many United States Army personnel stationed in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8520429", "chunk_text": "\"Popcorn Sutton\"\nand illegal firearm possession. Since his death, a new company and associated whiskey brand have been named after him. Sutton had a long career making moonshine and bootlegging. Sutton said he considered moonshine production a legitimate part of his heritage, as he was a Scots-Irish American and descended from a long line of moonshiners. In the 1960s or 1970s, Sutton was given the nickname of \"\"Popcorn\"\" after his frustrated attack on a bar's faulty popcorn vending machine with a pool cue. Before his rise to fame at around 60 years of age, he had been in trouble with the law", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "177210", "chunk_text": "\"Walter Frederick Morrison\"\nthree children. Lu died in 1987. There is a disc golf course in Holladay, Utah named in his honor. Morrison died in his home at the age of 90 on February 9, 2010. Walter Frederick Morrison Walter Frederick \"\"Fred\"\" Morrison (January 16, 1920 in Richfield, Utah – February 9, 2010 in Monroe, Utah) was an American inventor and entrepreneur, best known as the inventor of the Frisbee. Morrison claimed that the original idea for a flying disc toy came to him in 1937, while throwing a popcorn can lid with his girlfriend, Lu, whom he later married. The popcorn can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15555472", "chunk_text": "\"Popcorn maker\"\na serving bowl. In the middle of the 1970s, Pillsbury made microwave popcorn for sale in vending machines (and later to wide distribution in supermarkets, as microwave oven sales increased), thus reducing the need for a separate appliance in some homes. To improve flavour, texture and shelf life of pre-packaged microwave popcorn, companies started adding diacetyl, PFOA, and trans-fats into the packages which has led to some concern among health conscious snackers. Popcorn maker A popcorn maker (also called a popcorn popper) is a machine used to pop popcorn. Since ancient times, popcorn has been a popular snack food, produced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9079142", "chunk_text": "\"The Popcorn\"\nby Brown's saxophonist and bandleader Alfred Ellis, was prominently covered by jazz bassist Jaco Pastorius on his live albums \"\"Invitation\"\" and \"\"The Birthday Concert\"\". The Popcorn \"\"The Popcorn\"\" is a 1969 instrumental written and recorded by James Brown. It was the first of several records Brown made inspired by the popular dance of the same name. Released as a single on King Records, it charted #11 R&B and #30 Pop. It also appeared as the title track of an album released the same year.The recording's bassline shares great similarities with Cold Sweat. In fact, it's a revamp of an earlier", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6186359", "chunk_text": "Smartfood\nSmartfood Smartfood Popcorn is a prepopped, flavored popcorn made by the Frito-Lay company. Smartfood was first created in 1985 by Andrew Martin - chairman and ceo, Ken Meyers- vp operations and Martin's wife Annie Withey- vp consumer relations, in Hampton, Connecticut. Smartfood was first marketed under the registered brand name in 1985, and was manufactured in Marlborough, Massachusetts. According to Martin, “Unlike the cheese popcorn already on the market, ours was made with real cheese and it didn't glow in the dark. We wanted quality and we were up against the negative consumer image, because prepopped popcorn in a bag", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12001975", "chunk_text": "\"Tiny but Mighty Popcorn\"\nTiny but Mighty Popcorn Tiny but Mighty Popcorn is an American brand of heirloom popcorn, introduced in 1981, when Iowa farmer Richard Kelty founded K&K Popcorn. Iowa farmers Gene and Lynn Mealhow later purchased the company in 1999, and subsequently renamed it. Since 1854, the ancestors of Richard Kelty (1936-2015) had been growing a heirloom popcorn variety out of small kernels, whose hulls would disintegrate after being popped, resulting in a richer taste. The popcorn had been introduced to the Kelty family by Native Americans, who shared it with them. The Kelty family had never sold the popcorn, which was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4209587", "chunk_text": "Cretors\nCretors C. Cretors & Company is an American manufacturing company, specializing in popcorn machines and other concessions equipment. It was established in 1885 with the invention of the first large-scale commercial popcorn machine to pop corn in oil. C. Cretors & Co. is in Wood Dale, Illinois and is still owned by the Cretors family. Charles Cretors was originally from Lebanon, Ohio, but eventually made his way to Decatur, Illinois, where he opened a bakery and eventually a confectionery shop. He purchased a peanut roaster for his shop to broaden his product line to include freshly roasted peanuts. He was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15969813", "chunk_text": "\"Microwave popcorn\"\nknown as \"\"old maids\"\" or \"\"spinsters\"\". An early susceptor popcorn bag design was patented by the American company General Mills in 1981 (US Patent #4,267,420). Care in package design is needed for food safety. A safety issue is that the cooking time given on the packaging does not apply to all microwave ovens. Setting the timer and coming back later, after the timer's alarm has sounded, could result in the popcorn being burnt and smoking badly. Microwave popcorn makers suggest that the person cooking the popcorn stay near the oven to observe the popcorn as it cooks, and take the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9393391", "chunk_text": "\"Cracker Jack\"\npopcorn had popped. In the 1886 edition of the \"\"Pennsylvania Historical Review, Gazetteer, Post-Office, Express and Telegraph Guide\"\", page 222, Goodwin Brothers, 105 North Front Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, are listed as manufacturers of Sugar Coated Popcorn, Prize Balls, Corn Balls, Corn Cakes, etc. In Chicago there are two legends of how Cracker-Jacks originated. The oldest attributes it to Charles Frederick Gunther (1837-1920), who is also known as \"\"The Candy Man\"\" and \"\"Cracker-Jacks King\"\". Another attributes it to Frederick William Rueckheim—a German immigrant known informally as \"\"Fritz\"\"—sold popcorn at 113 Fourth Avenue, now known as Federal Street, in Chicago beginning in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12893410", "chunk_text": "\"Jiffy Pop\"\nJiffy Pop Jiffy Pop is a popcorn brand of ConAgra Foods. The product combines popcorn kernels, oil, and flavoring agents with a heavy-gauge aluminum foil pan. Frederick C. Mennen of LaPorte, Indiana, a chemist, inventor and industrialist, is credited with developing the product in 1958. Mennen began marketing Jiffy Pop in 1959. American Home Products purchased Jiffy Pop from Mennen that same year, and within one year the product had reached the national U.S. market. In 1976, the stage magician Harry Blackstone Jr. was endorsing what the television-commercial jingle called \"\"the magic treat — as much fun to make as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8982221", "chunk_text": "\"Popcorn Chicken\"\nPopcorn Chicken Popcorn Chicken is a KFC product consisting of small, \"\"bite-sized\"\" pieces of chicken that have been breaded and fried. Popcorn Chicken was invented by food technologist Gene Gagliardi. It was test-marketed in the United States from March 1992, and had been launched nationwide by September 1992. It has been periodically available in KFC outlets. It was re-introduced in the US in 1998, and again in 2001. It was later re-introduced once again in 2015, under the name \"\"KFC Popcorn Nuggets\"\". It is still available in the UK, Canada, Australia, Singapore and New Zealand. Anno 2018 also available in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4483523", "chunk_text": "\"Samuel Roxy Rothafel\"\nSamuel Roxy Rothafel Samuel Lionel \"\"Roxy\"\" Rothafel (July 9, 1882 – January 13, 1936) was an American theatrical impresario and entrepreneur. He is noted for developing the lavish presentation of silent films in the deluxe movie palace theaters of the 1910s and 1920s. Rothafel (originally Rothapfel, meaning ‘‘Red Apple’’, the modern German spelling is: Rotapfel) was born to a Jewish family in Bromberg, Germany, the son of Cecelia (née Schwerzens) and Gustave Rothapfel. In 1886, his family immigrated to Stillwater, Minnesota. Best known by his nickname, \"\"Roxy\"\", he was the impresario who brought the great New York City movie palaces", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18071901", "chunk_text": "\"Let's All Go to the Lobby\"\nwas officially known as Technicolor Refreshment Trailer No. 1 Snipes are defined as material broadcast in a projection screen without being part of the featured presentation. This definition includes advertising material, previews of coming attractions, courtesy requests for the audience, and notices concerning the concession stand of the movie theater. According to film historian Scott Simmon, the history of advertising films begins with \"\"Admiral Cigarette\"\" (1897) by William Heise. The Chicago-based Filmack Studios, originally known as Filmack Trailer Company, was founded in 1919 by Irving Mack. The founder was a former journalist. The company specialized in the production of newsreels", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4980365", "chunk_text": "\"Cracker Jack\"\ncode which can be used to download a baseball-themed game. The origin of sugar coated popcorn with a mixture of peanuts is unknown but probably dates to the early nineteenth century, and is perhaps an American recipe. Sugar coated popcorn was manufactured and sold in America and mention of this is found in newspapers and periodicals. For example, in the Freeport, Illinois Daily Journal newspaper published on January 29, 1857 (page 2, second column) there is an advertisement by a local merchant selling sugar coated popcorn. Popcorn and peanut mixtures were certainly known at this time and mention of such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11496286", "chunk_text": "\"Popcorn (novel)\"\nPopcorn (novel) Popcorn is a 1996 novel by the British writer Ben Elton. It shares themes with a number of movies from the mid-1990s, most notably \"\"Natural Born Killers\"\" by Oliver Stone and \"\"Pulp Fiction\"\" and \"\"Reservoir Dogs\"\" by Quentin Tarantino. The play version of the novel is used by the IEB (Independent Education Board) In South Africa as one of their Postmodern set-work plays for Dramatic Arts. The book takes place in different parts of Los Angeles, California. The date is never actually specified, but various clues suggest it is set in the near future. Mostly the story takes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4209589", "chunk_text": "Cretors\nadvantages over the hand-operated process. Cretors’ machine became the first automated machine that could pop popcorn uniformly in its own seasonings. As a result, the product came out the same way every time. Cretors applied for a patent on his new automated peanut roaster and popcorn popper machine, which was granted in 1893. A chance meeting happened between Cretors and J. M. Savage, a traveling salesman who purchased a bag of roasted peanuts. Savage was very intrigued with the new peanut roaster and offered to sell it in his territory. Cretors agreed to the proposal, and hired his first salesman.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15555465", "chunk_text": "\"Popcorn maker\"\nhome use in the late 1970s, which produce popcorn with only 5% of its calories derived from fat. The majority of popcorn sold for home consumption is now packaged in a microwave popcorn bag for use in a microwave oven. As a result, the popularity of popcorn makers for home use has drastically decreased in the last few decades. Charles Cretors traveled the Midwest and settled in Fort Scott, Kansas for a few years, and then Decatur, Illinois. He spent his time working in the painting and contracting business, opened a bakery, and eventually a confectionery shop. As each venture", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3747657", "chunk_text": "Popcorn\nto have originally been developed during the Song dynasty as a method of puffing rice. Individual consumers can also buy and use specialized popping appliances that typically generate no more than a gallon or about four liters of popped corn per batch. Some of these appliances also accept a small volume of oil or melted butter to assist thermal transfer from a stationary heating element, but others are \"\"air poppers\"\" which rapidly circulate heated air up through the interior, keeping the un-popped kernels in motion to avoid burning and then blowing the popped kernels out through the chute. The majority", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3747665", "chunk_text": "Popcorn\nis that popcorn is second only to cocaine or heroin in terms of profit.\"\"\"\" Popcorn smell has an unusually attractive quality for human beings. This is largely because it contains high levels of the chemicals 6-acetyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, very powerful aroma compounds that are used by food and other industries to make products that either smell like popcorn, bread, or other foods containing the compound in nature, or for other purposes. Popcorn as a breakfast cereal was consumed by Americans in the 1800s and generally consisted of popcorn with milk and a sweetener. Popcorn balls (popped kernels stuck together with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3747656", "chunk_text": "Popcorn\npopcorn-making can still be seen on the streets of some Chinese cities and Korea today. The un-popped corn kernels are poured into a large cast-iron canister—sometimes called a 'popcorn hammer'—that is then sealed with a heavy lid and slowly turned over a curbside fire in rotisserie fashion. When a pressure gauge on the canister reaches a certain level, the canister is removed from the fire, a large canvas sack is put over the lid and the seal is released. With a huge boom, all of the popcorn explodes at once and is poured into the sack. This method is believed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_381	what are the two extracellular fluid compartments in the body?	n/a	[ "transcellular", "intravascular", "interstitial" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "942402", "chunk_text": "\"Fluid compartments\"\nin the extracellular compartment. The extracellular fluids may be divided into three types: interstitial fluid in the \"\"interstitial compartment\"\" (surrounding tissue cells and bathing them in a solution of nutrients and other chemicals), blood plasma and lymph in the \"\"intravascular compartment\"\" (inside the blood vessels and lymphatic vessels), and small amounts of transcellular fluid such as ocular and cerebrospinal fluids in the \"\"transcellular compartment\"\". The interstitial and intravascular compartments readily exchange water and solutes but the third extracellular compartment, the transcellular, is thought of as separate from the other two and not in dynamic equilibrium with them. The intracellular fluid,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "942401", "chunk_text": "\"Fluid compartments\"\nFluid compartments The human body and even its individual body fluids may be conceptually divided into various fluid compartments, which, although not literally anatomic compartments, do represent a real division in terms of how portions of the body's water, solutes, and suspended elements are segregated. The two main fluid compartments are the intracellular and extracellular compartments. The intracellular compartment is the space within the organism's cells; it is separated from the extracellular compartment by cell membranes. About two thirds of the total body water of humans is held in the cells, mostly in the cytosol, and the remainder is found", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "942403", "chunk_text": "\"Fluid compartments\"\nalso known as cytosol, is all fluid contained inside the cells. It is the matrix in which cellular organelles are suspended. The cytosol and organelles together compose the cytoplasm. The cell membranes are the outer barrier. In humans, the intracellular compartment contains on average about 8 litres of fluid, and under ordinary circumstances remains in osmotic equilibrium. It contains moderate quantities of magnesium and sulphate ions. The interstitial, intravascular and transcellular compartments comprise the extracellular compartment. Its extracellular fluid (ECF) contains about one-third of total body water. The interstitial compartment (also called \"\"tissue space\"\") surrounds tissue cells. It is filled", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4408101", "chunk_text": "\"Extracellular fluid\"\nplasma. The remaining small percentage of ECF includes the transcellular fluid. These constituents are often called fluid compartments. The transcellular fluid includes the aqueous humour in the eye, the synovial fluid in the joints, the cerebrospinal fluid in the brain and spinal cord, the serous fluid in the serous membranes lining body cavities and in the saliva and other gut fluids (gastric juice, pancreatic juice and other intestinal secretions), as well as the perilymph and endolymph in the inner ear. The volume of extracellular fluid in a young adult male of 70 kg, is 20% of body weight – about", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4408098", "chunk_text": "\"Extracellular fluid\"\nExtracellular fluid Extracellular fluid (ECF) denotes all body fluid outside the cells. Total body water in humans makes up between 45 to 75% of total body weight. About two thirds of this is intracellular fluid within cells, and one third is the extracellular fluid. The main component of the extracellular fluid is the interstitial fluid that bathes cells. Extracellular fluid is the internal environment of all multicellular animals, and in those animals with a blood circulatory system a proportion of this fluid is blood plasma. Plasma and interstitial fluid are the two components that make up at least 97% of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "942405", "chunk_text": "\"Fluid compartments\"\n(the blood plasma). The other intravascular fluid is lymph. It too represents both the intracellular compartment (the fluid inside its lymphocytes) and the extracellular compartment (the noncellular matrix of the lymph, which is roughly equivalent to serum). The average volume of plasma in the average (70 kg) male is approximately 3.5 liters. The volume of the intravascular compartment is regulated in part by hydrostatic pressure gradients, and by reabsorption by the kidneys. The third extracellular compartment, the transcellular, consists of those spaces in the body where fluid does not normally collect in larger amounts, or where any significant fluid collection", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7049676", "chunk_text": "\"Extracellular fluid\"\nthe ECF. Lymph makes up a small percentage of the interstitial fluid. The remaining small portion of the ECF includes the transcellular fluid (about 2.5%). The ECF can also be seen as having two components – plasma and lymph as a delivery system, and interstitial fluid for water and solute exchange with the cells. The extracellular fluid, in particular the interstitial fluid, constitutes the body's internal environment that bathes all of the cells in the body. The ECF composition is therefore crucial for their normal functions, and is maintained by a number of homeostatic mechanisms involving negative feedback. Homeostasis regulates,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "942404", "chunk_text": "\"Fluid compartments\"\nwith interstitial fluid. Interstitial fluid provides the immediate microenvironment that allows for movement of ions, proteins and nutrients across the cell barrier. This fluid is not static, but is continually being refreshed by the blood capillaries and recollected by lymphatic capillaries. In the average male (70 kg) human body, the interstitial space has approximately 10.5 litres of fluid. The main intravascular fluid in mammals is blood, a complex mixture with elements of a suspension (blood cells), colloid (globulins), and solutes (glucose and ions). The blood represents both the intracellular compartment (the fluid inside the blood cells) and the extracellular compartment", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7049679", "chunk_text": "\"Extracellular fluid\"\nfourteen litres. The interstitial fluid and the plasma make up about 97% of the ECF, and a small percentage of this is lymph. Interstitial fluid is fluid that surrounds cells, providing them with nutrients and removing their waste products. Eleven litres of the ECF is interstitial fluid and the remaining three litres is plasma. Plasma and interstitial fluid are very similar because water, ions, and small solutes are continuously exchanged between them across the walls of capillaries, through pores and capillary clefts. Interstitial fluid consists of a water solvent containing sugars, salts, fatty acids, amino acids, coenzymes, hormones, neurotransmitters, white", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4408100", "chunk_text": "\"Extracellular fluid\"\namong others, the pH, sodium, potassium, and calcium concentrations in the ECF. The volume of body fluid, blood glucose, oxygen, and carbon dioxide levels are also tightly homeostatically maintained. The volume of extracellular fluid in a young adult male of 70 kg (154 lbs) is 20% of body weight – about fourteen litres. Eleven litres is interstitial fluid and the remaining three litres is plasma. The main component of the extracellular fluid is the interstitial fluid which surrounds the cells in the body. The other major component of the ECF is the intravascular fluid of the circulatory system called blood", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7049701", "chunk_text": "\"Extracellular fluid\"\nbe considered a newly identified biological structure in the body. However, there is some debate over whether the interstitium is an organ. Main cations: Main anions: Extracellular fluid Extracellular fluid (ECF) denotes all body fluid outside the cells. Total body water in humans makes up between 45 to 75% of total body weight. About two thirds of this is intracellular fluid within cells, and one third is the extracellular fluid. The main component of the extracellular fluid is the interstitial fluid that bathes cells. Extracellular fluid is the internal environment of all multicellular animals, and in those animals with a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "942409", "chunk_text": "\"Fluid compartments\"\nthe abnormal accumulation of fluid into an extracellular and extravascular space. In medicine, the term is often used with regard to loss of fluid into interstitial spaces, such as with burns or edema, but it can also refer to fluid shifts into a body cavity (transcellular space), such as ascites and pleural effusions. With regard to severe burns, fluids may pool on the burn site (i.e. fluid lying outside of the interstitial tissue, exposed to evaporation) and cause depletion of the fluids. With pancreatitis or ileus, fluids may \"\"leak out\"\" into the peritoneal cavity, also causing depletion of the intracellular,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19441057", "chunk_text": "\"Transcellular fluid\"\nTranscellular fluid Transcellular fluid is the portion of total body water that represents all body fluids which are formed from the transport activities of cells. It is the smallest component of extracellular fluid. It is contained within epithelial lined spaces. It is often not calculated as a fraction of the extracellular fluid, but it is 5% of extracellular fluid (2.5% of total body water). Examples of this fluid are cerebrospinal fluid, ocular fluid and joint fluid. Due to the varying locations of transcellular fluid, the composition changes dramatically. Some of the electrolytes present in the transcellular fluid are sodium ions,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "942406", "chunk_text": "\"Fluid compartments\"\nis physiologically nonfunctional. Examples of transcellular spaces include the eye, the central nervous system, the peritoneal and pleural cavities, and the joint capsules. A small amount of fluid, called transcellular fluid, does exist normally in such spaces. For example, the aqueous humor, the vitreous humor, the cerebrospinal fluid, the serous fluid produced by the serous membranes, and the synovial fluid produced by the synovial membranes are all transcellular fluids. They are all very important, yet there is not much of each. For example, there is only about 150 mL of cerebrospinal fluid in the entire central nervous system at any", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3419518", "chunk_text": "Interstitium\nInterstitium The interstitium is a contiguous fluid-filled space existing between a structural barrier, such as a cell wall or the skin, and internal structures, such as organs, including muscles and the circulatory system. The fluid in this space is called \"\"interstitial fluid\"\", comprises water and solutes, and drains into the lymph system. The interstitial compartment is composed of connective and supporting tissues within the body – called the extracellular matrix – that are situated outside the blood and lymphatic vessels and the parenchyma of organs. The non-fluid parts of the interstitium are predominantly collagen types I, III, and V, elastin,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7049681", "chunk_text": "\"Extracellular fluid\"\nsmall vessels it is considered to be lymph, and the vessels that carry it back to the blood are called the lymphatic vessels. The lymphatic system returns protein and excess interstitial fluid to the circulation. The ionic composition of the interstitial fluid and blood plasma vary due to the Gibbs–Donnan effect. This causes a slight difference in the concentration of cations and anions between the two fluid compartments. The extracellular fluid provides the medium for the exchange of substances between the ECF and the cells, and this can take place through dissolving, mixing and transporting in the fluid medium. Substances", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4408121", "chunk_text": "\"Extracellular fluid\"\ninteract at the level of the blood capillaries. The capillaries are permeable and water can move freely in and out. At the arteriolar end of the capillary the blood pressure is greater than the hydrostatic pressure in the tissues. Water will therefore seep out of the capillary into the interstitial fluid. The pores through which this water moves are large enough to allow all the smaller molecules (up to the size of small proteins such as insulin) to move freely through the capillary wall as well. This means that their concentrations across the capillary wall equalize, and therefore have no", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7049698", "chunk_text": "\"Extracellular fluid\"\nglobulins and fibrinogen. They, and particularly the plasma albumin, because of its molecular abundance in the plasma, are responsible for the so called \"\"oncotic\"\" or \"\"colloid\"\" osmotic pressure which draws water back into the capillary, especially at the venular end. The net effect of all of these processes is that water moves out of and back into the capillary, while the crystalloid substances in the capillary and interstitial fluids equilibrate. Since the capillary fluid is constantly and rapidly renewed by the flow of the blood, its composition dominates the equilibrium concentration that is achieved in the capillary bed. This ensures", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7049697", "chunk_text": "\"Extracellular fluid\"\nosmotic effect (because the osmotic pressure caused by these small molecules and ions – called the crystalloid osmotic pressure to distinguish it from the osmotic effect of the larger molecules than cannot move across the capillary membrane – is the same on both sides of capillary wall). The movement of water out of the capillary at the arteriolar end causes the concentration of the substances that cannot cross the capillary wall to increase as the blood moves to the venular end of the capillary. The most important substances that are confined to the capillary tube are plasma albumin, the plasma", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4408118", "chunk_text": "\"Extracellular fluid\"\nfrom low plasma ionized calcium concentrations. The extracellular fluid is constantly \"\"stirred\"\" by the circulatory system, which ensures that the watery environment which bathes the body’s cells is virtually identical throughout the body. This means that nutrients can be secreted into the ECF in one place (e.g. the gut, liver, or fat cells) and will, within about a minute, be evenly distributed throughout the body. Hormones are similarly rapidly and evenly spread to every cell in the body, regardless of where they are secreted into the blood. Oxygen taken up by the lungs from the alveolar air is also evenly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4487885", "chunk_text": "\"Transcellular fluid\"\nchloride ions, and bicarbonate ions. There are also varied functions for the trans-cellular fluid. In the joints, it serves a lubrication function, while the urine allows for the removal of electrolytes and molecules from the body. Transcellular fluid Transcellular fluid is the portion of total body water that represents all body fluids which are formed from the transport activities of cells. It is the smallest component of extracellular fluid. It is contained within epithelial lined spaces. It is often not calculated as a fraction of the extracellular fluid, but it is 5% of extracellular fluid (2.5% of total body water).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14221667", "chunk_text": "\"Compartment (pharmacokinetics)\"\nsupport of efforts in drug discovery, and in environmental science. In humans and related organisms, there are five major body compartments: the blood plasma, interstitial fluids, fat tissues, intracellular fluids, and transcellular fluids, the latter of which includes fluids in the pleural (peritoneal) cavity. The relative percents of body mass of these are included in the following table. Compartment (pharmacokinetics) In pharmacokinetics, a compartment is a defined volume of body fluids, typically of the human body, but also those of other animals with multiple organ systems. The meaning in this area of study is different from the concept of anatomic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8469057", "chunk_text": "\"Body fluid\"\nBody fluid Body fluids, bodily fluids, or biofluids are liquids within the bodies of living people. In normal healthy men, the total body water is about 60% of the total body weight; it is slightly lower in women. A 70 kg (160 pound) man, then, has 42 liters of water in his body. This is divided between ICF and ECF in a two-to-one ratio: 28 liters are inside cells and 14 liters are outside cells. This ECF compartment is divided into the fluid between cells - the interstitial fluid volume - and the vascular volume, also called the blood plasma", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7049680", "chunk_text": "\"Extracellular fluid\"\nblood cells and cell waste-products. This solution accounts for 26% of the water in the human body. The composition of interstitial fluid depends upon the exchanges between the cells in the biological tissue and the blood. This means that tissue fluid has a different composition in different tissues and in different areas of the body. The plasma that filters through the capillaries into the interstitial fluid does not contain red blood cells or platelets as they are too large to pass through but can contain some white blood cells to help the immune system. Once the extracellular fluid collects into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7049682", "chunk_text": "\"Extracellular fluid\"\nin the ECF include dissolved gases, nutrients, and electrolytes, all needed to maintain life. The ECF also contains materials secreted from cells in soluble form, but which quickly coalesces into fibres (e.g. collagen, reticular, and elastic fibres) or precipitates out into a solid or semisolid form (e.g. proteoglycans which form the bulk of cartilage, and the components of bone). These and many other substances occur, especially in association with various proteoglycans to form the extracellular matrix or the \"\"filler\"\" substance between the cells throughout the body. These substances occur in the extracellular space, and are therefore all bathed or soaked", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1326700", "chunk_text": "\"Blood plasma\"\nBlood plasma Blood plasma is a yellowish coloured liquid component of blood that normally holds the blood cells in whole blood in suspension; this makes plasma the extracellular matrix of blood cells. It makes up about 55% of the body's total blood volume. It is the intravascular fluid part of extracellular fluid (all body fluid outside cells). It is mostly water (up to 95% by volume), and contains dissolved proteins (6–8%) (i.e.—serum albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen), glucose, clotting factors, electrolytes (Na, Ca, Mg, HCO, Cl, etc.), hormones, carbon dioxide (plasma being the main medium for excretory product transportation) and oxygen.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7049700", "chunk_text": "\"Extracellular fluid\"\nlymph nodes where bacteria and tissue debris are removed from the lymph, while various types of white blood cells (mainly lymphocytes) are added to the fluid. In addition the lymph which drains the small intestine contains fat droplets called chylomicrons after the ingestion of a fatty meal. This lymph is called chyle which has a milky appearance, and imparts the name lacteals (referring to the milky appearance of their contents) to the lymph vessels of the small intestine. Extracellular fluid may be mechanically guided in this circulation by the vesicles between other structures. Collectively this forms the interstitium, which may", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7476580", "chunk_text": "\"Body water\"\nbody fluid volume, with or without a concomitant loss of osmolytes. The loss of the body water component of body fluid is specifically termed dehydration. Sodium loss approximately correlates with fluid loss from extracellular fluid, since sodium has a much higher concentration in extracelluliar fluid (ECF) than intracellular fluid (ICF). In contrast, K has a much higher concentration in ICF than ECF, and therefore its loss rather correlates with fluid loss from ICF, since K loss from ECF causes the K in ICF to diffuse out of the cells, dragging water with it by osmosis. Body water In physiology, body", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4408120", "chunk_text": "\"Extracellular fluid\"\nof the ECF. However this plasma is confined within the waterproof walls of the venous tubes, and therefore does not affect the interstitial fluid in which the body's cell live. When the blood from all the veins in body mixes in the heart and lungs, the differing compositions cancel out (e.g. acidic blood from active muscles is neutralized by the alkaline blood homeostatically produced by the kidneys). From the left atrium onward, to every organ in the body, the normal, homeostatically regulated values of all of the ECF's components are therefore restored. The arterial blood plasma, interstitial fluid and lymph", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12600594", "chunk_text": "Transudate\nTransudate Transudate is extravascular fluid with low protein content and a low specific gravity (< 1.012). It has low nucleated cell counts (less than 500 to 1000 /microlit) and the primary cell types are mononuclear cells: macrophages, lymphocytes and mesothelial cells. For instance, an ultrafiltrate of blood plasma is transudate. It results from increased fluid pressures or diminished colloid oncotic forces in the plasma. There is an important distinction between transudates and exudates. Transudates are caused by disturbances of hydrostatic or colloid osmotic pressure, not by inflammation. They have a low protein content in comparison to exudates and thus appear", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "942407", "chunk_text": "\"Fluid compartments\"\nmoment. All of the aforementioned fluids are produced by active cellular processes working with blood plasma as the raw material, and they are all more or less similar to blood plasma except for certain modifications tailored to their function. For example, the cerebrospinal fluid is made by various cells of the CNS, mostly the ependymal cells, from blood plasma. \"\"Fluid shifts\"\" occur when the body's fluids move between the fluid compartments. Physiologically, this occurs by a combination of hydrostatic pressure gradients and osmotic pressure gradients. Water will move from one space into the next passively across a semi permeable membrane", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4408114", "chunk_text": "\"Extracellular fluid\"\nimportant role in the movement of water from one body compartment to the other. When tears are secreted, or saliva is formed, sodium ions are pumped from the ECF into the ducts in which these fluids are formed and collected. The water content of these solutions results from the fact water follows the sodium ions (and accompanying anions) osmotically. The same principle applies to the formation of many other body fluids. Calcium ions have a great propensity to bind to proteins. This changes the distribution of electrical charges on the protein, with the consequence that the 3D (or tertiary) structure", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "942408", "chunk_text": "\"Fluid compartments\"\nuntil the hydrostatic and osmotic pressure gradients balance each other. Many medical conditions can cause fluid shifts. When fluid moves out of the intravascular compartment (the blood vessels), blood pressure can drop to dangerously low levels, endangering critical organs such as the brain, heart and kidneys; when it shifts out of the cells (the intracellular compartment), cellular processes slow down or cease from intracellular dehydration; when excessive fluid accumulates in the interstitial space, oedema develops; and fluid shifts into the brain cells can cause increased cranial pressure. Fluid shifts may be compensated by fluid replacement or diuretics. \"\"Third spacing\"\" is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7049699", "chunk_text": "\"Extracellular fluid\"\nthat the watery environment of the body’s cells is always close to their ideal environment (set by the body's homeostats). A small proportion of the solution that leaks out of the capillaries is not drawn back into the capillary by the colloid osmotic forces. This amounts to between 2-4 liters per day for the body as a whole. This water is collected by the lymphatic system and is ultimately discharged into the left subclavian vein, where it mixes with the venous blood coming from the left arm, on its way to the heart. The lymph flows through lymph capillaries to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4408119", "chunk_text": "\"Extracellular fluid\"\ndistributed at the correct partial pressure to all the cells of the body. Waste products are also uniformly spread to the whole of the ECF, and are removed from this general circulation at specific points (or organs), once again ensuring that there is generally no localized accumulation of unwanted compounds or excesses of otherwise essential substances (e.g. sodium ions, or any of the other constituents of the ECF). The only significant exception to this general principle is the plasma in the veins, where the concentrations of dissolved substances in individual veins differs, to varying degrees, from those in the rest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17089522", "chunk_text": "\"Body cavity\"\nBody cavity A body cavity is any fluid-filled space in a multicellular organism other than those of \"\"vessels\"\" (such as blood vessels and lymph vessels). The human body cavity normally refers to the ventral body cavity, because it is by far the largest. A coelom is a cavity lined by mesothelium, an epithelium derived from mesoderm. Organs formed inside a coelom can freely move, grow, and develop independently of the body wall while fluid cushions and protects them from shocks. Arthropods and most molluscs have a reduced (but still true) coelom, usually the pericardial cavity and the gonocoel. Their principal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14221666", "chunk_text": "\"Compartment (pharmacokinetics)\"\nCompartment (pharmacokinetics) In pharmacokinetics, a compartment is a defined volume of body fluids, typically of the human body, but also those of other animals with multiple organ systems. The meaning in this area of study is different from the concept of anatomic compartments, which are bounded by fasciae, the sheath of fibrous tissue that enclose mammalian organs. Instead, the concept focuses on broad types of fluidic systems. This analysis is used in attempts to mathematically describe distribution of small molecules throughout organisms with multiple compartments. Various multi-compartment models can be used in the areas of pharmacokinetics and pharmacology, in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "942410", "chunk_text": "\"Fluid compartments\"\ninterstitial or vascular compartments. Patients who undergo long, difficult operations in large surgical fields can collect third-space fluids and become intravascularly depleted despite large volumes of intravenous fluid and blood replacement. The precise volume of fluid in a patient's third spaces changes over time and is difficult to accurately quantify. Third spacing conditions may include peritonitis, pyometritis, and pleural effusions. Hydrocephalus and glaucoma are theoretically forms of third spacing, but the volumes are too small to induce significant shifts in blood volumes, or overall body volumes, and thus are generally not referred to as third spacing. Fluid compartments The human", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20001007", "chunk_text": "\"Cell membrane\"\nfluid compartments of the body. Cell membrane The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment (the extracellular space) which protects the cell from its environment consisting of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins. The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of cells and organelles. In this way, it is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules. In addition, cell membranes are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10346303", "chunk_text": "Anatomy\nconnective tissue in the extracellular matrix secreted by the epithelial cells. There are many different types of epithelium, modified to suit a particular function. In the respiratory tract there is a type of ciliated epithelial lining; in the small intestine there are microvilli on the epithelial lining and in the large intestine there are intestinal villi. Skin consists of an outer layer of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium that covers the exterior of the vertebrate body. Keratinocytes make up to 95% of the cells in the skin. The epithelial cells on the external surface of the body typically secrete an extracellular", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4419414", "chunk_text": "Extracellular\nthe organism (excluding the extracellular matrix). Gene products from a multi-cellular organism that are secreted from a cell into the interstitial fluid or blood can therefore be annotated to this term\"\". The composition of the extracellular space includes metabolites, ions, various proteins and non-protein substances (e.g. DNA, RNA, lipids, microbial products etc.) that might affect cellular function. For example, hormones, growth factors, cytokines and chemokines act by travelling the extracellular space towards biochemical receptors on cells. Other proteins that are active outside the cell are various enzymes, including digestive enzymes (Trypsin, Pepsin), extracellular proteinases (Matrix metalloproteinases, ADAMTSs, Cathepsins) and antioxidant", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4419413", "chunk_text": "Extracellular\nExtracellular In cell biology, molecular biology and related fields, the word extracellular (or sometimes extracellular space) means \"\"outside the cell\"\". This space is usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid (see extracellular matrix). The term is used in contrast to intracellular (inside the cell). According to the Gene Ontology, the extracellular space is a cellular component defined as: \"\"That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. For multicellular organisms, the extracellular space refers to everything outside a cell, but still within", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2500626", "chunk_text": "Blood\nBlood Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells. In vertebrates, it is composed of blood cells suspended in blood plasma. Plasma, which constitutes 55% of blood fluid, is mostly water (92% by volume), and contains proteins, glucose, mineral ions, hormones, carbon dioxide (plasma being the main medium for excretory product transportation), and blood cells themselves. Albumin is the main protein in plasma, and it functions to regulate the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood. The blood", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18075425", "chunk_text": "\"Body cavity\"\nthe stomach, and the upper portion of the duodenum. \"\"This Wikipedia entry incorporates text from the freely licensed Connexions edition of Anatomy & Physiology text-book by OpenStax College\"\" Body cavity A body cavity is any fluid-filled space in a multicellular organism other than those of \"\"vessels\"\" (such as blood vessels and lymph vessels). The human body cavity normally refers to the ventral body cavity, because it is by far the largest. A coelom is a cavity lined by mesothelium, an epithelium derived from mesoderm. Organs formed inside a coelom can freely move, grow, and develop independently of the body wall", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15806388", "chunk_text": "Extravasation\nExtravasation Extravasation is the leakage of a fluid out of its container. In the case of inflammation, it refers to the movement of white blood cells from the capillaries to the tissues surrounding them (leukocyte extravasation), also known as diapedesis. In the case of malignant cancer metastasis it refers to cancer cells exiting the capillaries and entering organs. It is frequently used in medical contexts, either referring to urine, or to blood. More specifically, it can refer to: Extravasation of irrigation fluid is the unintended migration of irrigation fluid (e.g. saline) introduced into a human body. This may occur in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17089523", "chunk_text": "\"Body cavity\"\nbody cavity is the \"\"hemocoel\"\" or \"\"haeomocoel\"\" of an open circulatory system, often derived from the blastocoel. Mammalian embryos develop two cavities: the intraembryonic coelom and the extraembryonic coelom (or chorionic cavity). The intraembryonic coelom is lined by somatic and splanchnic lateral plate mesoderm, while the extraembryonic coelom is lined by extraembryonic mesoderm. The intraembryonic coelom is the only cavity that persists in the mammal at term, which is why its name is often contracted to simply \"\"coelomic cavity\"\". Subdividing the coelomic cavity into compartments, for example, the pericardial cavity / pericardium, where the heart develops, simplifies discussion of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12720767", "chunk_text": "Sodium\nthe major cation in the extracellular fluid (ECF) and as such are the major contributor to the ECF osmotic pressure and ECF compartment volume. Loss of water from the ECF compartment increases the sodium concentration, a condition called hypernatremia. Isotonic loss of water and sodium from the ECF compartment decreases the size of that compartment in a condition called ECF hypovolemia. By means of the sodium-potassium pump, living human cells pump three sodium ions out of the cell in exchange for two potassium ions pumped in; comparing ion concentrations across the cell membrane, inside to outside, potassium measures about 40:1,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13730877", "chunk_text": "\"Blood plasma\"\nhaving a similar ion concentration to that of human blood plasma. SBF is normally used for the surface modification of metallic implants, and more recently in gene delivery application. Blood plasma Blood plasma is a yellowish coloured liquid component of blood that normally holds the blood cells in whole blood in suspension; this makes plasma the extracellular matrix of blood cells. It makes up about 55% of the body's total blood volume. It is the intravascular fluid part of extracellular fluid (all body fluid outside cells). It is mostly water (up to 95% by volume), and contains dissolved proteins (6–8%)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8306151", "chunk_text": "Cytosol\nCytosol The cytosol, also known as intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix, is the liquid found inside cells. It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments. In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is surrounded by the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. The cytosol is thus a liquid matrix around the organelles. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11563254", "chunk_text": "Microvesicles\ncreating microvesicles synthetically, or isolating them from patient or engineered cell lines. Microvesicles Microvesicles (circulating microvesicles, or microparticles) are a type of extracellular vesicle, between 50 and 1,000 nanometers (nm) in diameter, found in many types of body fluids as well as the interstitial space between cells. Microvesicles are membrane-bound vesicles containing phospholipids, ranging from 100 nm to 1000 nm shed from almost all cell types. Not to be confused with smaller intracellularly generated extracellular vesicles known as exosomes. Microvesicles play a role in intercellular communication and can transport mRNA, miRNA, and proteins between cells.<ref name=\"\"doi10.1038/ncomms1180\"\"></ref> Microvesicles have been implicated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_382	what emperor took over france after the reign of terror?	n/a	[ "Napoleon", "Napoleon Bonaparte" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14121399", "chunk_text": "\"Reign of Terror\"\nReign of Terror The Reign of Terror, or The Terror (), is the label given by most historians to a period during the French Revolution after the First French Republic was established. Several historians consider the \"\"reign of terror\"\" to have begun in 1793, placing the starting date at either 5 September, June or March (birth of the Revolutionary Tribunal), while some consider it to have begun in September 1792 (September Massacres), or even July 1789 (when the first lynchings took place), but there is a consensus that it ended with the fall of Maximilien Robespierre in July 1794. Between", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14121409", "chunk_text": "\"Reign of Terror\"\ntide would not turn from them until September of 1792 when the French won a critical victory at Valmy preventing the Austro-Prussian invasion. While the French military had stabilized and was producing victories by the time the Reign of Terror officially began, the pressure to succeed in this international struggle acted as justification for the government to pursue its tyrannical actions. It was not until after the execution of Louis XVI and the annexation of the Rhineland that the other monarchies began to feel threatened enough to form the First Coalition. The Coalition, consisting of Russia, Austria, Prussia, Spain, Holland,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4656558", "chunk_text": "\"Emperor of the French\"\nEmperor of the French Emperor of the French (French: \"\"Empereur des Français\"\") was the monarch of the First French Empire and the Second French Empire. A title and office used by the House of Bonaparte starting when Napoleon was proclaimed Emperor on 18 May 1804 by the French Senate and was crowned emperor of the French on 2 December 1804 at the cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris, in Paris, with the Crown of Napoleon. The title emphasized that the emperor ruled over \"\"the French people\"\" (the nation) and not over France (the state). The old formula of \"\"King of France\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6226781", "chunk_text": "\"Reign of Terror\"\njudicial process and greatly accelerated the work of the Revolutionary Tribunal. With the enactment of the law, the number of executions greatly increased, and the period from this time to the Thermidorian Reaction became known as \"\"The Grand Terror\"\". On 8 Messidor (26 June), the French army won the Battle of Fleurus, which marked a turning point in France's military campaign and undermined the necessity of wartime measures and the legitimacy of the Revolutionary Government. The fall of Robespierre was brought about by a combination of those who wanted more power for the Committee of Public Safety (and a more", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10351843", "chunk_text": "\"Kingdom of France\"\nthe French First Republic. The role of the King in France in a Revolution gone berserk, was finally ended with the \"\"guillotined\"\" execution of Louis XVI on Monday, January 21, 1793, followed by the \"\"Reign of Terror\"\", mass executions and the provisional \"\"Directory\"\" form of republican government, and the eventual beginnings of twenty-five years of reform, upheaval, dictatorship, wars and renewal, with the various Napoleonic Wars. The monarchy was briefly restored following the successive events of the French Revolution (1789–99), and the First French Empire under Napoleon (1804–1814/15) – when a coalition of European powers restored by arms the monarchy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4656560", "chunk_text": "\"Emperor of the French\"\nthe French Empire. Napoleon's reign lasted until 22 June 1815, when he was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo, exiled and imprisoned on the island of Saint Helena, where he died on 5 May 1821. His reign was interrupted by the Bourbon Restoration of 1814 and his own exile to Elba, from where he escaped less than a year later to reclaim the throne, reigning as Emperor for another 94 days before his defeat and final exile. Less than a year after the French coup d'état of 1851 by Napoleon's nephew Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, which ended in the successful dissolution of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4656561", "chunk_text": "\"Emperor of the French\"\nthe French National Assembly, the Second French Republic was transformed into the Second French Empire, established by a referendum on 7 November 1852. President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, elected by the French people, officially became Napoleon III, Emperor of the French, from the symbolic and historic date of 2 December 1852. His reign continued until 4 September 1870, after he was captured at the Battle of Sedan during the Franco-Prussian War. He subsequently went into exile in England, where he died on 9 January 1873. Since the early death in 1879 of Napoleon III's only son, Louis Napoléon, the House of Bonaparte", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7634697", "chunk_text": "\"History of France\"\nfollowing a coup in December that was confirmed and accepted in a dubious referendum. Napoleon III of France took the imperial title in 1852 and held it until his downfall in 1870. The era saw great industrialization, urbanization (including the massive rebuilding of Paris by Baron Haussmann) and economic growth. Despite his promises in 1852 of a peaceful reign, the Emperor could not resist the temptations of glory in foreign affairs. He was visionary, mysterious and secretive; he had a poor staff, and kept running afoul of his domestic supporters. In the end he was incompetent as a diplomat. Napoleon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12439230", "chunk_text": "\"First French Empire\"\nFirst French Empire The First French Empire (), officially the French Empire (), was the empire of Napoleon Bonaparte of France and the dominant power in much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century. Although France had already established an overseas colonial empire beginning in the 17th century, historians refer to Napoleon's regime as the \"\"First Empire\"\" because he was the first ruler of France since the days of the Franks to take an imperial title. On 18 May 1804, Napoleon was granted the title Emperor of the French (\"\"\"\", ) by the French and was crowned", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8582896", "chunk_text": "\"History of Europe\"\ndied in exile on a remote island, remembered as a great hero by many Frenchmen and as a great villain by British and other enemies. Napoleon, despite his youth, was France's most successful general in the Revolutionary wars, having conquered large parts of Italy and forced the Austrians to sue for peace. In 1799 on 18 Brumaire (9 November) he overthrew the feeble government, replacing it with the Consulate, which he dominated. He gained popularity in France by restoring the Church, keeping taxes low, centralizing power in Paris, and winning glory on the battlefield. In 1804 he crowned himself Emperor.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19596310", "chunk_text": "\"France in the long nineteenth century\"\nnew government. Policy became considerably more radical. The government instituted the \"\"levy-en-masse\"\", where all able-bodied men 18 and older were liable for military service. This allowed France to field much larger armies than its enemies, and soon the tide of war was reversed. The Committee of Public Safety came under the control of Maximilien Robespierre, and the Jacobins unleashed the Reign of Terror (1793–1794). At least 1200 people met their deaths under the guillotine — or otherwise — after accusations of counter-revolutionary activities. In October, the queen was beheaded, further antagonizing Austria. In 1794 Robespierre had ultra-radicals and moderate Jacobins", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7634667", "chunk_text": "\"History of France\"\nthe other branch in 1848 as Napoleon's nephew was elected president. He made himself emperor as Napoleon III, but was overthrown when he was defeated and captured by Prussians in an 1870 war that humiliated France and made the new nation of Germany dominant in the continent. The Third Republic was established, but the possibility of a return to monarchy remained into the 1880s. The French built up an empire, especially in Africa and Indochina. The economy was strong, with a good railway system. The arrival of the Rothschild banking family of France in 1812 guaranteed the role of Paris", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15639247", "chunk_text": "Emperor\nEmpire in 1870–71. During the Siege of Paris in 1871, the North German Confederation, supported by its allies from southern Germany, formed the German Empire with the proclamation of the Prussian king Wilhelm I as German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles, to the humiliation of the French, who ceased to resist only days later. After his death he was succeeded by his son Frederick III who was only emperor for 99 days. In the same year his son Wilhelm II became the third emperor within a year. He was the last German emperor. After", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10351844", "chunk_text": "\"Kingdom of France\"\nto the heirs of the House of Bourbon in 1814. However the deposed Emperor Napoleon I returned triumphantly to Paris from his exile in Elba and ruled France for a short period known as the Hundred Days. When a Seventh European Coalition deposed Napoleon after the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, the Bourbon monarchy was once again restored. The Count of Provence, brother of the Louis XVI, who was guillotined in 1793, was crowned as Louis XVIII, nicknamed \"\"The Desired\"\". Louis XVIII tried to conciliate the legacies of the Revolution and Ancien Régime both, also permitting the formation of a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9374929", "chunk_text": "\"Reign of Terror\"\nviewed to be the meddling of foreign powers, France declared war on April 20, 1792. However, at this point, the war was only Prussia and Austria against France. France began this war with a large series of defeats which set a precedent of fear of invasion in the people that would last throughout the war. Massive reforms of military institutions, while very effective in the long run, presented the initial problems of inexperienced forces and leaders of questionable political loyalty. In the time it took for officers of merit to use their new freedoms to climb the chain of command,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8514204", "chunk_text": "\"French Revolution\"\nthe conquest of the Italian Peninsula, the Low Countries and most territories west of the Rhine – achievements that had eluded previous French governments for centuries. Internally, popular agitation radicalised the Revolution significantly, culminating in the rise of Maximilien Robespierre and the Jacobins. The dictatorship imposed by the Committee of Public Safety during the Reign of Terror, from 1793 until 1794, established price controls on food and other items, abolished slavery in French colonies abroad, de-established the Catholic church (dechristianised society) and created a secular Republican calendar, religious leaders were expelled, and the borders of the new republic were secured", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2543365", "chunk_text": "Paris\nprisoners within the Tuileries Palace. In 1793, as the revolution turned more and more radical, the king, queen, and the mayor were guillotined, along with more than 16,000 others (throughout France), during the Reign of Terror. The property of the aristocracy and the church was nationalised, and the city's churches were closed, sold or demolished. A succession of revolutionary factions ruled Paris until 9 November 1799 (\"\"coup d'état du 18 brumaire\"\"), when Napoléon Bonaparte seized power as First Consul. The population of Paris had dropped by 100,000 during the Revolution, but between 1799 and 1815, it surged with 160,000 new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7634662", "chunk_text": "\"History of France\"\narmy, and marched on his enemies in the Hundred Days. It ended with his final defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, and his exile to a remote island. The monarchy was subsequently restored and Louis XVIII, Younger brother of Louis XVI became king, and the exiles returned. However many of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic reforms were kept in place. Napoleon centralized power in Paris, with all the provinces governed by all-powerful prefects whom he selected. They were more powerful than royal intendants of the ancien régime and had a long-term impact in unifying the nation, minimizing regional differences,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14121410", "chunk_text": "\"Reign of Terror\"\nand Sardinia, began attacking France from all directions besieging and capturing ports and retaking ground lost to France. With so many similarities to the first days of the Revolutionary Wars, the French government with threats on all sides, unification of the country became a top priority. As the war continued and the Reign of Terror began, leaders saw a correlation between using terror and achieving victory. Well phrased by Albert Soboul, “terror, at first an improvised response to defeat, once organized became an instrument of victory.” The threat of defeat and foreign invasion may have helped spur the origins of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8478721", "chunk_text": "Emperor\nin a presidential coup, subsequently approved by a plebiscite. His reign was marked by large scale public works, the development of social policy, and the extension of France's influence throughout the world. During his reign, he also set about creating the Second Mexican Empire (headed by his choice of Maximilian I of Mexico, a member of the House of Habsburg), to regain France's hold in the Americas and to achieve greatness for the 'Latin' race. Napoleon III was deposed on 4 September 1870, after France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War. The Third Republic followed and after the death of his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "969502", "chunk_text": "\"Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution\"\ncaptured Rome in early 1798, declared a new Roman Republic, and imprisoned Pope Pius VI, who would die in captivity in Valence, France in August 1799. Ultimately, with Napoleon now in ascendancy in France, year-long negotiations between government officials and the new Pope Pius VII led to the Concordat of 1801, formally ending the dechristianization period and establishing the rules for a relationship between the Catholic Church and the French State. Victims of the Reign of Terror totaled somewhere between 20,000 and 40,000. According to one estimate, among those condemned by the revolutionary tribunals about 8 percent were aristocrats, 6", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14121414", "chunk_text": "\"Reign of Terror\"\nbegan with the fall of the monarchy, an event that effectively defrocked the State of its sanctification by the clergy via the doctrine of Divine Right and ushered in an era of reason. Many long-held rights and powers were stripped from the Church and given to the State. In 1789, church lands were expropriated and priests killed and forced to leave France. A Festival of Reason was held in the Notre Dame Cathedral, which was renamed \"\"The Temple of Reason\"\", and the old traditional calendar was replaced with a new revolutionary one. The leaders of the Terror tried to address", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14121406", "chunk_text": "\"Reign of Terror\"\nhis opinion, is a monster.\"\" The importance of forgiveness and understanding the failings of the human conditions were obviously lost on Robespierre and other leaders as they pursued Terror. After the beginning of the French Revolution, the surrounding monarchies did not show great hostility towards the rebellion. Though mostly ignored, Louis XVI was later able to find support in Leopold II of Austria (Marie Antionette’s brother) and Frederick William II of Prussia. On August 27, 1791, these foreign leaders made the Pillnitz Declaration saying they would restore the French monarch if other European rulers joined. In response to what they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8478770", "chunk_text": "Emperor\nthe 19th century, Sino-French War France replaced China in control of northern Vietnam. The emperors of the last dynasty of Vietnam continued to hold this title until the French conquered Vietnam. The emperor, however, was then a puppet figure only and could easily be disposed of by the French for more pro-France figure. Japan took Vietnam from France and the Axis-occupied Vietnam was declared an empire by the Japanese in March 1945. The line of emperors came to an end with Bảo Đại, who was deposed after the war, although he later served as head of state of South Vietnam", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14796680", "chunk_text": "Emperor\npart of state ideology. Although initially ruling much of Central Europe and northern Italy, by the 19th century the Emperor exercised little power beyond the German-speaking states. Although technically an elective title, by the late 16th century the imperial title had in practice come to be inherited by the Habsburg Archdukes of Austria and following the Thirty Years' War their control over the states (outside the Habsburg Monarchy, i.e. Austria, Bohemia and various territories outside the empire) had become nearly non-existent. However, Napoleon Bonaparte was crowned Emperor of the French in 1804 and was shortly followed by Francis II, Holy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7168829", "chunk_text": "\"Religion in France\"\nPeriod. In 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne as the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, forming the unified political and religious foundation of Christendom, medieval European Christian civilisation, and establishing in earnest France's long historical association with the Catholic Church, for which it was known as the \"\"eldest daughter of the church\"\" throughout the Middle Ages. The French Revolution (1789–1790), which resulted in the establishment of the French First Republic (1792–1804), involved a heavy persecution of the Catholic Church, within a policy of dechristianisation, which led to the destruction of many churches, religious orders and artworks, including the very", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17963330", "chunk_text": "\"Empress Joséphine\"\nJuly 1794). Her husband was accused of having poorly defended Mainz in July 1793, and being considered an aristocratic \"\"suspect\"\", was sentenced to death and guillotined, with his cousin Augustin, on 23 July 1794, on the \"\"Place de la Révolution\"\" (today's Place de la Concorde) in Paris. Joséphine was freed five days later, thanks to the fall and execution of Robespierre, which ended the Reign of Terror. On 27 July 1794 (9 Thermidor), Tallien arranged the liberation of Thérèse Cabarrus, and soon after that of Joséphine. In June 1795, a new law allowed her to recover the possessions of Alexandre.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15719054", "chunk_text": "France\nthe language of Europe's aristocracy. It also saw a long set of wars, known as the Italian Wars, between France, Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire. Refusing to accept the Spanish-Portuguese claims of supremacy in the New World, King Francis I ordered his privateers to sail against his Spanish rival, King Charles V, who ruled as Holy Roman Emperor from 1519 until 1556. The Emperor's realm extended from Spain to parts of what are now Italy, Austria, Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands. French explorers, such as Jacques Cartier or Samuel de Champlain, claimed lands in the Americas for France, paving", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17530451", "chunk_text": "\"France in the long nineteenth century\"\nuntil his death in 1821. Louis XVIII was restored a second time by the allies in 1815, ending more than two decades of war. He announced he would rule as a limited, constitutional monarch. After the Hundred Days in 1815 when Napoleon suddenly returned and was vanquished, a more harsh peace treaty was imposed on France, returning it to its 1789 boundaries and requiring a war indemnity in gold. Allied troops remained in the country until it was paid. There were large-scale purges of Bonapartists from the government and military, and a brief \"\"White Terror\"\" in the south of France", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5903775", "chunk_text": "\"Empress Joséphine\"\nEmpress Joséphine Joséphine (; born Marie Josèphe Rose Tascher de La Pagerie; 23 June 1763 – 29 May 1814) was the first wife of Napoleon, and thus the first Empress of the French. Her marriage to Napoleon was her second; her first husband, Alexandre de Beauharnais, was guillotined during the Reign of Terror, and she was imprisoned in the Carmes Prison until five days after his execution. Her two children by Beauharnais became significant to royal lineage. Through her daughter, Hortense, she was the maternal grandmother of Napoleon III. Through her son, Eugène, she was the great-grandmother of later Swedish", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12404820", "chunk_text": "\"Louis XV of France\"\npresence to ridicule and attack the King. She was the target of dozens of scandalous pamphlets accusing her of every possible immoral act. Decades later, during the Reign of Terror of the French Revolution, the Comtesse was targeted by the Jacobins as a symbol of the hated old regime; she was guillotined on 8 December 1793. The borders of France were enlarged for the last time before the Revolution by two additions; The Duchy of Lorraine, ruled by The King's father-in-law, Stanislas, reverted to France after his death, and officially was joined to the kingdom 27–28 March 1766. The acquisition", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12439263", "chunk_text": "\"First French Empire\"\nthe press. First French Empire The First French Empire (), officially the French Empire (), was the empire of Napoleon Bonaparte of France and the dominant power in much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century. Although France had already established an overseas colonial empire beginning in the 17th century, historians refer to Napoleon's regime as the \"\"First Empire\"\" because he was the first ruler of France since the days of the Franks to take an imperial title. On 18 May 1804, Napoleon was granted the title Emperor of the French (\"\"\"\", ) by the French and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17950259", "chunk_text": "\"Bourbon Restoration\"\npower until 1848. Following the ousting of the last king to rule France during the February 1848 Revolution, the French Second Republic was formed with the election of Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte as President (1848–1852). In the French coup of 1851, Napoleon declared himself Emperor Napoleon III of the Second Empire, which lasted from 1852 to 1870. Political parties saw substantial changes of alignment and membership under the Restoration. The Chamber of Deputies oscillated between repressive \"\"ultra-royalist\"\" phases and progressive \"\"liberal\"\" phases. Opponents of the monarchy were absent from the political scene, because of the repression of the \"\"White Terror\"\". Individuals of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8582895", "chunk_text": "\"History of Europe\"\nRoland and Georges Danton. Elsewhere in the country, counter-revolutionary insurrections were brutally suppressed. The regime was overthrown in the coup of 9 Thermidor (27 July 1794) and Robespierre was executed. The regime which followed ended the Terror and relaxed Robespierre's more extreme policies. Napoleon Bonaparte was one of the world's most famous soldiers and statesmen, leading France to great victories over numerous European enemies. Despite modest origins he became Emperor and restructured much of European diplomacy, politics and law, until he was forced to abdicate in 1814. His 100-day comeback in 1815 failed at the Battle of Waterloo, and he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6226771", "chunk_text": "\"Reign of Terror\"\nmembers would advocate pillage in order to achieve the desired equality. The resulting instability caused problems that made forming the new Republic and achieving full political support even more critical. The Reign of Terror was characterized by a dramatic rejection of long-held religious authority, its hierarchical structure, and the corrupt and intolerant influence of the aristocracy and clergy. Religious elements that long stood as symbols of stability for the French people, were replaced by reason and scientific thought. The radical revolutionaries and their supporters desired a cultural revolution that would rid the French state of all Christian influence. This process", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14121408", "chunk_text": "\"Reign of Terror\"\nFrance suffered. Many of the early battles were definitive losses for the French. There was the constant threat of the Austro-Prussian forces which were advancing easily toward the capital, threatening to destroy Paris if the monarch was harmed. This series of defeats, coupled with militant uprisings and protests within the borders of France pushed the government to resort to drastic measures to ensure the loyalty of every citizen to not only France but more importantly to the Revolution. While this series of losses was eventually broken, the reality of what might have happened if they persisted hung over France. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7634700", "chunk_text": "\"History of France\"\nprotected the pope in Rome. The British grew annoyed at Napoleon's humanitarian intervention in Syria in 1860–61. Napoleon lowered the tariffs, which helped in the long run but in the short run angered owners of large estates and the textile and iron industrialists, while leading worried workers to organize. Matters grew worse in the 1860s as Napoleon nearly blundered into war with the United States in 1862, while his takeover of Mexico in 1861–67 was a total disaster. The puppet emperor he put on the Mexican throne was overthrown and executed. Finally in the end he went to war with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7634585", "chunk_text": "\"History of France\"\nthe powerful chief minister of France, had mauled the Protestants, he joined this war on their side in 1636 because it was in the \"\"raison d'État\"\" (national interest). Imperial Habsburg forces invaded France, ravaged Champagne, and nearly threatened Paris. Richelieu died in 1642 and was succeeded by Cardinal Mazarin, while Louis XIII died one year later and was succeeded by Louis XIV. France was served by some very efficient commanders such as Louis II de Bourbon (Condé) and Henry de la Tour d'Auvergne (Turenne). The French forces won a decisive victory at Rocroi (1643), and the Spanish army was decimated;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1824262", "chunk_text": "\"Military history of France\"\non the sidelines, but under Cardinal Richelieu it saw an opportunity to advance its own interests at the expense of the Habsburgs. Despite France's staunch Catholicism, it intervened on the side of the Protestants. The Thirty Years' War was long and extremely bloody, but France and its allies came out victorious. After their victory, France emerged as the sole dominant European power under the reign of Louis XIV. In parallel, French explorers, such as Jacques Cartier or Samuel de Champlain, claimed lands in the Americas for France, paving the way for the expansion of the French colonial empire. The long", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14350480", "chunk_text": "\"French Directory\"\nFrench Directory The Directory or Directorate () was a five-member committee which governed France from 2 November 1795, when it replaced the Committee of Public Safety, until 9 November 1799, when it was overthrown by Napoleon Bonaparte in the Coup of 18 Brumaire, and replaced by the French Consulate. It gave its name to the final four years of the French Revolution. The Directory was continually at war with foreign coalitions which at different times included Britain, Austria, Prussia, the Kingdom of Naples, Russia and the Ottoman Empire. It annexed Belgium and the left bank of the Rhine, while Bonaparte", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14121411", "chunk_text": "\"Reign of Terror\"\nthe terror, but the timely success of the Terror with French victories added justification to its growth and continuation. During the Reign of Terror, the sans-culottes and the Hébertists put pressure on the National Convention delegates and contributed to the overall instability of France. The National Convention was bitterly split between the Montagnards and the Girondins. The Girondins were more conservative leaders of the National Convention, while the Montagnards supported radical violence and pressures of the lower classes. Once the Montagnards gained control of the National Convention, they began demanding radical measures. Moreover, the sans-culottes, the scrappy, urban workers of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6226783", "chunk_text": "\"Reign of Terror\"\nMerda. The great confusion that arose during the storming of the municipal Hall of Paris, where Robespierre and his friends had found refuge, makes it impossible to be sure of the wound's origin. In any case, Robespierre was guillotined the next day. The reign of the standing Committee of Public Safety was ended. New members were appointed the day after Robespierre's execution, and limits on terms of office were fixed (a quarter of the committee retired every three months). The Committee's powers were gradually eroded. \"\"Battle of Valmy, (20 September 1792).\"\" Weapons and Warfare. April 09, 2018. Accessed October 30,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14801441", "chunk_text": "\"International relations, 1648–1814\"\nBritish and other enemies. Napoleon, despite his youth, was France's most successful general in the Revolutionary wars, having conquered large parts of Italy and forced the Austrians to sue for peace. In 1799 on 18 Brumaire (9 November) he overthrew the feeble government, replacing it with the Consulate, which he dominated. He gained popularity in France by restoring the Church, keeping taxes low, centralizing power in Paris, and winning glory on the battlefield. In 1804 he crowned himself Emperor. In 1805, Napoleon planned to invade Britain, but a renewed British alliance with Russia and Austria (Third Coalition), forced him to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18425904", "chunk_text": "Napoleon\nNapoleon Napoléon Bonaparte (, ; ; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars. He was Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814 and again briefly in 1815 during the Hundred Days. Napoleon dominated European and global affairs for more than a decade while leading France against a series of coalitions in the Napoleonic Wars. He won most of these wars and the vast majority of his battles, building a large empire that ruled over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7634522", "chunk_text": "\"History of France\"\nthe \"\"Ancien Régime\"\", France transformed into a centralized absolute monarchy. During the next centuries, France experienced the Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation. At the height of the French Wars of Religion, France became embroiled in another succession crisis, as the last Valois king, Henry III, fought against rival factions the House of Bourbon and the House of Guise. Henry, King of Navarre, scion of the Bourbon family, would be victorious in the conflict and establish the French Bourbon dynasty. A burgeoning worldwide colonial empire was established in the 16th century. French political power reached a zenith under the rule of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14796712", "chunk_text": "Emperor\nwas an indirect insult by the Ottomans to the HRE and the Russians. The French kings also used it for Morocco (1682) and Persia (1715). Napoleon Bonaparte, who was already First Consul of the French Republic (\"\"Premier Consul de la République française\"\") for life, declared himself Emperor of the French (\"\"Empereur des Français\"\") on 18 May 1804, thus creating the French Empire (\"\"Empire Français\"\"). Napoleon relinquished the title of Emperor of the French on 6 April and again on 11 April 1814. Napoleon's infant son, Napoleon II, was recognized by the Council of Peers, as Emperor from the moment of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8639360", "chunk_text": "\"Acte de déchéance de l'Empereur\"\namended into the Constitution of the Year X, making Bonaparte First Consul for life. Finally, on 18 May 1804, the Sénat conservateur passed the Constitution of the Year XII. establishing an Emperor, Bonaparte, styling himself \"\"Napoléon I, Emperor of the French\"\". Napoleon was crowned emperor on 2 December 1804, inaugurating the First French Empire. A series of conflicts culminated in the War of the Sixth Coalition, in which the French invasion of Russia led to the near obliteration of the Grande Armée. By February 1814, the French Army was so depleted that, even after winning every battle of the Six", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1396161", "chunk_text": "\"Bourbon Restoration\"\nBourbon Restoration The Bourbon Restoration was the period of French history following the fall of Napoleon in 1815 until the July Revolution of 1830. The brothers of the executed Louis XVI came to power, and reigned in highly conservative fashion; exiled supporters of the monarchy returned to France. They were nonetheless unable to reverse most of the changes made by the French Revolution and Napoleon. At the Congress of Vienna they were treated respectfully, but had to give up nearly all the territorial gains made since 1789. Following the French Revolution (1789–1799), Napoleon became ruler of France. After years of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13709613", "chunk_text": "\"Louis XV of France\"\nFrance. He was succeeded in 1774 by his grandson Louis XVI, who was executed by guillotine during the French Revolution. Two of his other grandsons, Louis XVIII and Charles X, occupied the throne of France after the fall of Napoleon I. Historians generally give his reign very low marks, especially as wars drained the treasury and set the stage for the governmental collapse and French Revolution in the 1780s. Louis XV was the great-grandson of Louis XIV and the third son of the Duke of Burgundy (1682–1712), and his wife Marie Adélaïde of Savoy, the eldest daughter of Victor Amadeus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16945952", "chunk_text": "\"Coronation of the French monarch\"\nFrench throne to be crowned during his father's lifetime was the future Philip II of France. The practice was eventually abandoned by all kingdoms that had adopted it, as the rules of primogeniture became stronger. During the First French Empire, Emperor Napoleon I and Empress Josephine were crowned in December 1804 in an extremely elaborate ritual presided over by Pope Pius VII and conducted at the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. The pope and prelates entered Notre Dame in procession, followed by Napoleon and Joséphine with the Imperial Regalia preceding them. The regalia were placed on the altar and blessed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_383	how many episodes of touching evil are there?	n/a	[ "16" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7765152", "chunk_text": "\"Touching Evil\"\nTouching Evil Touching Evil is a British television drama serial following the exploits of a crack squad on the Organised & Serial Crime Unit, a rapid response police force that serves the entire county. It began airing in 1997. It was produced by United Productions for Anglia Television, and screened on the ITV network. The first season consists of six 50 minute (one-hour with advertisements) episodes. It was created by Paul Abbott, and written by Abbott with Russell T Davies. The serial was very popular, and led to two sequel serials in 1998 and 1999, although these were not written", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8671776", "chunk_text": "\"Touching Evil (U.S. TV series)\"\nWillis' production company Cheyenne Enterprises, and premiered on March 12, 2004. It ran for 12 episodes, ending on June 14, 2004. Although \"\"Touching Evil\"\" garnered acclaim from television critics, the USA Network deemed it commercially unsuccessful and opted not to renew the series for a second season. Returning from a year-long psychological leave of absence after surviving an almost-fatal gunshot wound to the head, Detective David Creegan (Jeffrey Donovan) is assigned to the FBI's Organized and Serial Crime Unit – a rapid-response, elite crime investigation squad – where he and his new partner, Detective Susan Branca (Vera Farmiga), find themselves", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13794573", "chunk_text": "\"The Evil Touch\"\nThe Evil Touch The Evil Touch is an Australian-produced television series, originally broadcast in Australia in 1973 and produced by Amalgamated Pictures Australasia in association with Olola Productions Australia. An anthology series, each episode had a self-contained story usually in a thriller or horror style, and often with a twist ending. Subjects explored included the occult, science fiction, murder schemes, and whodunits. Each episode had a new cast of guest actors playing new characters, although several guest stars appeared in more than one episode. The series was produced by American producer Mende Brown and partly funded by the Nine Network.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7765153", "chunk_text": "\"Touching Evil\"\nby Abbott or Davies. The first episode aired on 29 April 1997. The last episode of the series aired on 6 June 1999, after 16 episodes and 3 seasons. The star of the series is Robson Green, playing a police officer D.I. Dave Creegan. \"\"Touching Evil III\"\" was co-produced by Green's own independent production company Coastal Productions. Green's co-star was Nicola Walker, playing Creegan's colleague D.I. Susan Taylor. Touching Evil Touching Evil is a British television drama serial following the exploits of a crack squad on the Organised & Serial Crime Unit, a rapid response police force that serves the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8671775", "chunk_text": "\"Touching Evil (U.S. TV series)\"\nTouching Evil (U.S. TV series) Touching Evil is an American crime drama television series, based on the British series of the same name created by Paul Abbott. It starred Jeffrey Donovan as Detective David Creegan and Vera Farmiga as Creegan's partner Detective Susan Branca. Brian Markinson, Kevin Durand and Zach Grenier co-starred. The premise of this adaptation was somewhat different to the UK series' storyline. Rather than acquiring the ability to sense criminals, Creegan's recovery from a gunshot wound to the head instead strips him of his impulse control and sense of shame. The series was produced by actor Bruce", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10856623", "chunk_text": "\"The Evil Touch\"\nand ITV in the UK, with later airings in the 1990s on Bravo. In Australia it was repeated in a late-night slot several times up until the mid-1980s. The Evil Touch The Evil Touch is an Australian-produced television series, originally broadcast in Australia in 1973 and produced by Amalgamated Pictures Australasia in association with Olola Productions Australia. An anthology series, each episode had a self-contained story usually in a thriller or horror style, and often with a twist ending. Subjects explored included the occult, science fiction, murder schemes, and whodunits. Each episode had a new cast of guest actors playing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12788341", "chunk_text": "\"Evil or Live\"\navailable for streaming on Crunchyroll. Evil or Live Young men and women are experiencing \"\"net addiction\"\", a condition which manifests as a series of negative emotions and which in turn causes them to withdraw further into the Internet and electronic devices. 17-year-old Hibiki has been involuntarily enrolled in a rehabilitation facility called the Elite Reeducation Academy, but the place is little more than a strict prison for Hibiki and others like him. The series started airing on Tokyo MX on October 10, 2017 for a total of 12 episodes, ending its broadcast on January 2, 2018. The opening theme is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1493245", "chunk_text": "\"Touch (TV series)\"\nTouch (TV series) Touch is an American drama television series that ran on Fox from January 25, 2012, to May 10, 2013. The series was created by Tim Kring and starred Kiefer Sutherland. During its first season the series aired regularly on Thursday nights beginning March 22, 2012. Thirteen episodes were ordered for the first season, with the two-episode season finale airing on Thursday, May 31, 2012. On May 9, 2012, Fox renewed the show for a second season. The second season was originally scheduled to begin Friday, October 26, 2012, but was pushed back to Friday, February 8, 2013.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7150931", "chunk_text": "\"Stan Against Evil\"\nsheriff to defend the town from the supernatural. On February 22, 2016, the series was picked up for an eight episode first season, which began filming in June 2016 in Atlanta, and premiered on October 31, 2016, on IFC. On December 13, 2016, IFC renewed the series for a second season, which premiered on November 1, 2017. In January 2018, it was announced that IFC had renewed the series for a third season. The third season premiered on October 31, 2018. On Rotten Tomatoes the first season has a 67% approval rating with an average rating of 5.24/10 based on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12788340", "chunk_text": "\"Evil or Live\"\nEvil or Live Young men and women are experiencing \"\"net addiction\"\", a condition which manifests as a series of negative emotions and which in turn causes them to withdraw further into the Internet and electronic devices. 17-year-old Hibiki has been involuntarily enrolled in a rehabilitation facility called the Elite Reeducation Academy, but the place is little more than a strict prison for Hibiki and others like him. The series started airing on Tokyo MX on October 10, 2017 for a total of 12 episodes, ending its broadcast on January 2, 2018. The opening theme is by NormCore. It is currently", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19123641", "chunk_text": "\"Story of Evil\"\nwas cast as Princess Riliane, and Kazutomi Yamamoto was cast as Allen Avadonia. It ran from June 4, 2017 to June 11, 2017. An official serialization by the series most prominent illustrator, Ichika, began on February 17, 2015. It is currently planned to only be based on the two first novels. It also expands the story by showing certain events omitted in the novels, such as Riliane and Allen's first meeting. The manga has its own promotional website. It currently has four \"\"acts\"\" and has as far as seven confirmed to be released in the future. The Comedy of Evil", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13794575", "chunk_text": "\"The Evil Touch\"\neach installment, always wishing viewers \"\"pleasant dreams\"\". Each episode featured a new setting and characters and a different cast. Several name actors appeared, acting in multiple episodes as different characters: Morrow and McGavin each directed one of the episodes they acted in. Australian actors in supporting roles included Jack Thompson, Elaine Lee, John Morris, June Thody, Tony Bonner, Neva Carr Glyn, Janet Kingsbury, Mirren Lee, Reg Evans. The series was initially screened in Australia by the Nine Network in a prime time slot. The series was also screened in first-run syndication and later re-ran on TV Land in the US", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5854201", "chunk_text": "\"Touched By Evil\"\nTouched By Evil Touched By Evil is a 1997 television drama film directed by James A. Contner and starrring Paula Abdul, Adrian Pasdar and Susan Ruttan. It aired on ABC, January 12, 1997 at 9/8c. The film marks the acting debut of American singer/choreographer Abdul. Ellen Collier (Paula Abdul), a well-put-together businesswoman finds comfort and security in her relationship with her loving and supporting new boyfriend, auto detailer Jerry Braskin (Adrian Pasdar), after being savagely attacked by a serial rapist. But other rapes occur just when Ellen thought it was safe for her to slowly break free from her self-imposed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8671777", "chunk_text": "\"Touching Evil (U.S. TV series)\"\ncommitted to saving lives and solving cases. In spite of his inability to abide by common sense and the laws he is sworn to uphold, Creegan, with the help of Branca, works on hunting down the most vicious criminals on the streets. Touching Evil (U.S. TV series) Touching Evil is an American crime drama television series, based on the British series of the same name created by Paul Abbott. It starred Jeffrey Donovan as Detective David Creegan and Vera Farmiga as Creegan's partner Detective Susan Branca. Brian Markinson, Kevin Durand and Zach Grenier co-starred. The premise of this adaptation was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13805000", "chunk_text": "\"Lewis Black's Root of All Evil\"\n(YouTube, beer, Oprah Winfrey, PETA, etc.). The series ended on October 1, 2008, with a total of 18 episodes. The series' cancellation was confirmed by Lewis Black in September 2009. The entire first season of \"\"Lewis Black's Root of All Evil\"\" was released on DVD in the United States on September 30, 2008. The remaining episodes from season two are not currently available on DVD. Each show followed the same format: Black welcomed the viewer to his courtroom and announced the two Evil candidates for the Root of All Evil. Black gave a brief history of each of the Evils", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13790600", "chunk_text": "\"The Devil's Hands Are Idle Playthings\"\nreferences to the series' ending and almost all of the series' recurring characters were added into the episode. However, the show returned on March 23, 2008, for a fourth season that consisted of four direct-to-DVD films. Seasons six and seven were then produced for Comedy Central before the series ended for a second time on September 4, 2013. Bender discovers that Fry is attempting to play the holophonor so he can woo Leela. After a disastrous holophonor recital, Bender recommends Fry enlist the help of the Robot Devil to improve his holophonor skills. The Robot Devil makes a deal with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9396379", "chunk_text": "\"Monsters (TV series)\"\nand demons (featured in six episodes). Vampires and zombies were the focus of four episodes each, while ghosts, reptilian creatures, and witches figured strongly in three episodes each. Cursed Native American objects, giant spiders or spider-like people, and werewolves were also common. A mummy was depicted only once. Short stories such as \"\"The Moving Finger\"\" from well-known authors like Stephen King were also adapted into episodes of the series. There were 72 episodes of the series produced over three seasons. There were 24 episodes per season. On February 25, 2014, eOne Entertainment released the complete series on DVD in Region", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4503730", "chunk_text": "\"Touched by an Angel\"\nTouched by an Angel Touched by an Angel is an American supernatural drama television series that premiered on CBS on September 21, 1994, and ran for 211 episodes and nine seasons until its conclusion on April 27, 2003. Created by John Masius and produced by Martha Williamson, the series stars Roma Downey, as an angel named Monica, and Della Reese, as her supervisor Tess. Throughout the series, Monica is tasked with bringing guidance and messages from God to various people who are at a crossroads in their lives. From Season Three onward, they are frequently joined by Andrew (John Dye),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18568821", "chunk_text": "\"Touch (TV series)\"\nFox TV Records on February 28, 2012. The first season of the show was met with \"\"generally favorable\"\" reviews, and obtained a Metacritic score of 63/100. The second season received \"\"mixed or average\"\" reviews with a Metacritic score of 60/100. Michael Landweber of PopMatters called the first episode \"\"stunningly effective\"\", and said that \"\"its mix of spirituality and science, familial and global struggles, is galvanising.\"\" He also noted that \"\"The boy's narration, unnervingly matter-of-fact about the nature of the universe, takes on more power when he reveals that in 11 years, he has never spoken a word.\"\" In a review", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8850048", "chunk_text": "\"Killing Bites\"\nIt has been collected in eleven \"\"tankōbon\"\" volumes. A 12-episode anime television series adaptation by Liden Films aired between January 13 and March 31, 2018, on MBS TV's \"\"Animeism\"\" programming block. The opening theme is \"\"killing bites\"\" by fripSide, and the ending theme is by Kitsunetsuki. Amazon Video streamed the Director's Cut version worldwide. The 4 Blu-ray releases were released from March 28, 2018 to June 26, 2018. Each release has 3 episodes inside the disc for a total of 12 episodes. A video game adaptation for the PlayStation 4 and PlayStation Vita was announced in 2015, developed by Nex", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5740936", "chunk_text": "\"Tender Touches\"\nTender Touches Tender Touches is an American adult animated series created by David Bonawits, Lauren Payne, and Maxime Simonet, that premiered on December 19, 2017, on Adult Swim. Season 2 premiered on November 26, 2018. In 2017, Adult Swim showcased their new television pilots including \"\"Hot Streets\"\" and \"\"Tender Touches\"\" as part of their \"\"On The Green\"\" tour across the United States. The series is a parody of soap operas and was based on a segment from \"\"Bloodfeast\"\" created by hosts Dave Bonawits and Maxime Simonet of \"\"FishCenter Live\"\" fame. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> The first episode \"\"Heated Floors\"\" was watched by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12419830", "chunk_text": "\"Todd and the Book of Pure Evil\"\nset for spring 2011. The new 13-episode season premiered on Space on October 30, 2011 at 10pm. In April 2012, it was announced that there would not be a third season, but following an Indiegogo campaign as well as additional funding being secured, an animated feature film was released to conclude the series on November 3, 2017. Todd Smith, Curtis Weaver, Jenny Kolinsky and Hannah Williams are students at Crowley High, the only high school in a small town secretly founded by Satanists. After encountering a cursed magical tome with a mind of its own, the Book of Pure Evil,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11442189", "chunk_text": "\"Pilot (Touch)\"\nPilot (Touch) \"\"Pilot\"\" (also known as \"\"Tales of the Red Thread\"\") is the first episode of the first season of the American supernatural thriller drama television series \"\"Touch\"\". The episode premiered in the United States on Fox on January 25, 2012. The episode was written by series creator Tim Kring and directed by Francis Lawrence. The concept of \"\"Touch\"\" was devised by Kring, who developed the science fiction drama \"\"Heroes\"\" for the NBC network. In this episode, Martin Bohm (Kiefer Sutherland), a widower father, tries to communicate with and control his mute and emotionally challenged son Jake Bohm (David Mazouz),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13794574", "chunk_text": "\"The Evil Touch\"\nA key feature was the involvement of internationally known actors. Some were lured to Australia to participate in the show by also being allowed to direct an episode. Supporting roles were filled by Australian actors. Although Australian television was still in black and white in 1973, to aid international marketability this series was shot entirely in colour, and on film. Each episode was introduced by Anthony Quayle who appeared in a darkened studio surrounded by unearthly golden smoke imagery, frequently reminding viewers that there \"\"was a touch of evil in all of us\"\". He returned to provide the epilogue to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13616420", "chunk_text": "\"Ash vs Evil Dead\"\nin mid-2016, producer Robert Tapert stated that the rights issue had been solved and that references to \"\"Army of Darkness\"\" would appear from season two onward. It was announced on April 20, 2018 that \"\"Ash vs Evil Dead\"\" had been cancelled after a three-season run, with the last episode airing on April 29, 2018. Towards the end of the third season, ratings had declined from the initial 437,000 same-day viewers of the first season to around 175,000 non-DVR viewers. According to \"\"Variety\"\", at the time of the eighth episode of the third season's airing, the show averaged a 0.08 rating", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1982138", "chunk_text": "\"Grim & Evil\"\nco-star in \"\"Underfist\"\", the TV film set in the shared universe of the programs. The series aired again in October 29, 2010, for the first time in seven years, but the title sequence did not play at all and all of the cartoons were three \"\"Billy & Mandy\"\" cartoons from the \"\"Grim & Evil\"\" era. On October 20th 2017, all 13 episodes were released on Cartoon Network On Demand, as well as 13 other episodes made up of segments from the separated series put together in the \"\"Grim & Evil\"\" format (two \"\"Billy & Mandy\"\" segments surrounding one \"\"Evil Con", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16670753", "chunk_text": "\"Touch (TV series)\"\nworse things on TV than a fast-paced action drama.\"\" \"\"Touch\"\" debuted to over 12 million viewers in the pilot episode, with the next episode pulling in more than 11.8 million. But ratings fell sharply after that, and the season one finale garnered just 4.6 million viewers. After the first two episodes of season two, all of the remaining 11 episodes fell short of 3 million viewers, leading to the series cancellation. Touch (TV series) Touch is an American drama television series that ran on Fox from January 25, 2012, to May 10, 2013. The series was created by Tim Kring", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14218982", "chunk_text": "\"12 oz. Mouse\"\nto December 17, 2006. On May 16, 2007, the 21st episode, entitled \"\"Enter the Sandmouse\"\", premiered as a webisode. On October 14, 2018, a half-hour special titled \"\"Invictus\"\" premiered on TV after having been released online two days earlier. The season two episodes, \"\"Auraphull\"\" and \"\"Meat Warrior\"\", were respectively seen by 460,000 and 431,000 viewers upon broadcast. In addition, the episodes ranked as the thirteenth and twelfth most watched episodes aired by the network for the week of October 23, 2006, also respectively. The series has received mixed to positive critical reception; About.com's Nancy Basile gave the series four out", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4503749", "chunk_text": "\"Touched by an Angel\"\nDVD released \"\"Touched by an Angel: The Complete Series\"\" on DVD in Region 1. Four themed sets, each containing four episodes, have also been released. The first two, \"\"The Inspiration Collection: Holiday\"\" and \"\"The Inspiration Collection: Hope\"\" were released on November 10, 2009; \"\"The Inspiration Collection: Faith\"\" and \"\"The Inspiration Collection: Love\"\" were released January 26, 2010. In Region 4, Shock Records has released five volumes of episodes from the series, each containing nine episodes and a set containing all five volumes together. Touched by an Angel Touched by an Angel is an American supernatural drama television series that premiered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12697415", "chunk_text": "\"Akashic Records of Bastard Magic Instructor\"\nThe series has been licensed for an English release by Seven Seas Entertainment. An anime adaptation was announced in March 2016, which was later revealed to be an anime television series. The series was produced by Liden Films and directed by Minato Kazuto, with Tōko Machida writing the scripts, Satoshi Kimura designed the characters and Hiroaki Tsutsumi composed the music. It aired from April 4, 2017 to June 20, 2017. The series ran for 12 episodes. The series' opening theme is \"\"Blow Out\"\" by Konomi Suzuki, and the ending theme is \"\"Precious You\"\" by Akane Fujita, Yume Miyamoto, and Ari", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15870954", "chunk_text": "\"Scum's Wish\"\nYokoyama. The series ran for 12 episodes released across six Blu-ray/DVD volumes. The opening song is titled and is sung by 96neko. The ending theme titled is sung by Sayuri. The anime has been licensed by Sentai Filmworks for digital and home video release. Madman Entertainment released the series on home video in Australia and New Zealand. MVM Entertainment acquired the series for home video in the United Kingdom and Ireland. A live-action TV series adaptation was announced in December 2016 and aired in twelve episodes on Fuji TV between January 18 and April 5, 2017. The manga had 1.9", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3482430", "chunk_text": "\"Chilling Adventures of Sabrina (TV series)\"\noffer a two-season commitment enticed Warner Bros. Television to move the series to the streaming service. In early May 2018, \"\"Chilling Adventures of Sabrina\"\" was officially confirmed as the series' title. The series was inspired by \"\"slow-burn horror\"\" films such as \"\"The Exorcist\"\", \"\"Rosemary's Baby\"\", and other \"\"great satanic horror movies from the 1960s and 1970s\"\". The opening title sequence features the art of Robert Hack, the original artist of the comic book series. On December 18, 2018, Netflix renewed the series for a second season of 16 episodes, which will also be split into two parts. In January 2018,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13616415", "chunk_text": "\"Ash vs Evil Dead\"\nStarz renewed it for a second season, which premiered on October 2, 2016. On October 7, 2016, while at the New York Comic Con, Starz announced that the series had been renewed for a third season, which premiered on February 25, 2018. On April 20, 2018, it was announced that the series had been cancelled after three seasons. The series is set approximately 30 years after the first three \"\"Evil Dead\"\" films, and serves as a sequel to that trilogy. Ash Williams works at the \"\"Value Stop\"\" as a simple stock boy. Also working at the store is his friend", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1712995", "chunk_text": "\"Shaun Micallef's Mad as Hell\"\nJuly 2012. The show was renewed for a second series of 12 episodes which aired in 2013. A third was announced in January 2014 and consisted of 10 episodes, shown weekly from 12 February 2014. A fourth series premiered later in the same year on 24 September 2014 and the fifth series premiered on 11 February 2015. A sixth season debuted on 11 May 2016. The show's seventh season commenced on 21 June 2017. An eighth season debuted on 31 January 2018, with a ninth season running from September 2018. A tenth season was confirmed for July 2019 by Micallef", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11442195", "chunk_text": "\"Pilot (Touch)\"\nthe eyes and ears, blindly following the \"\"bread crumb\"\" trail that Jake dispenses. Surrounding the central idea would be \"\"satellite\"\" stories that develop a sense of the small world feeling and emphasize inter-connectivity throughout the globe. On September 22, 2011, Kevin Reilly, President of Entertainment for Fox Broadcasting Company, announced the ordering of 13 episodes of \"\"Touch\"\", under the production of Chernin Entertainment and Tailwind Productions, in association with 20th Century Fox Television. Filming began on June 20, 2011, in Los Angeles, California for the \"\"Pilot\"\" episode. The show premiered on January 25, 2012 at 9 p.m. Eastern Standard time", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9647313", "chunk_text": "\"Malice: The Webseries\"\nafter the events of the second season. As Alice tries to piece her life back together, she is troubled by dreams of an epic medieval battle and the armored specter of her dead father. Totaling twelve additional episodes, the finale of Metamorphosis was released March 22, 2015. \"\"Malice: The Webseries\"\" began filming in the summer of 2011. The second season was completed February 2013 . During the summer of 2012, \"\"Malice\"\" raised $10,170 out of a goal of $8,000 on Kickstarter to finance Season 2. Malice: Metamorphosis was funded by another successful Kickstarter, which raised $12,195. \"\"Streaming Episodes\"\" Malice: The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4692279", "chunk_text": "\"Star vs. the Forces of Evil\"\n\"\"The Battle for Mewni\"\" and consisted of the first four episodes. A live chat featuring Star and Marco was aired on Disney XD on July 17. The remaining third-season episodes started airing on November 6, 2017. A fourth season was also ordered ahead of the third season premiere. \"\"Star vs. the Forces of Evil\"\" premiered in Canada on the DHX-owned Disney XD on April 6, 2015, and was later moved to the Corus-owned Disney XD on December 1. The series premiered on Disney XD channels in the United Kingdom and Ireland on April 16, 2015, in Australia on August 3,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7650310", "chunk_text": "\"Disenchantment (TV series)\"\nepisode \"\"The Late Philip J. Fry\"\" in which the trio travel in a one-way time machine and witness the end and rebirth of the universe, implying that the three were passing through after time restarted. Twenty episodes of the series have been ordered by Netflix, with the first ten episodes being released on August 17, 2018, and the remaining episodes set to be released in 2019. On October 22, 2018, \"\"Disenchantment\"\" was renewed for a twenty-episode second season, to be released between 2020 and 2021. The series has received mixed to positive reviews from critics, based on the first seven", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "990944", "chunk_text": "\"Are You Afraid of the Dark?\"\nwere followed by proper season set releases beginning in 2014. On December 1, 2014, it was announced that Madman Films had acquired the rights to the series in Australia, and would be releasing the series thought Via Vision Entertainment. in 2015 Via Vision released season 1-3 individually. It was announced on September 22, 2017 that Via Vision Entertainment have no plans to release the remaining seasons of \"\"Are You Afraid of the Dark?\"\" The first five complete seasons of the series have been released (non-sequentially) across ten volumes in digital format on iTunes, Amazon, and Vudu: In September 2016, all", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4032505", "chunk_text": "\"The Seven Deadly Sins (manga)\"\nThe Seven Deadly Sins (manga) The manga has been licensed by Kodansha USA for English publication in North America, while the chapters are released digitally by Crunchyroll in over 170 countries as they are published in Japan. As of 2018, \"\"The Seven Deadly Sins\"\" has over 28 million copies in circulation. It was adapted into a 24-episode anime television series by A-1 Pictures that aired from October 5, 2014 to March 29, 2015 in Japan. A second season aired from January 13, 2018 to June 30, 2018. An anime film was released on August 18, 2018. Netflix acquired the exclusive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16385950", "chunk_text": "\"Inhuman Condition (series)\"\nwith superhuman abilities, such as the anxious and vulnerable Tamar, whose mysterious and supernatural affliction lead her to accidentally murder 306 people as a child, and Clara, whose unique disease will eventually cause her to devolve into a zombie. The first season of \"\"Inhuman Condition\"\" consisted of 33 episodes. The series has been called \"\"a step forward for the medium [of web series]\"\" by Bloody Disgusting, and drew praise from AfterEllen and others. At the 5th Canadian Screen Awards, the series received a nomination under the Digital Media category for Best Original Program or Series, Fiction. Inhuman Condition (series) Inhuman", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1213927", "chunk_text": "\"A Haunting\"\nto successfully resolve their paranormal issues, while in others, victims are forced to vacate their residence. Certain episodes have also featured commentary from famed demonologist and clairvoyant Ed and Lorraine Warren, who have actually investigated some of the cases featured on the series. The episode \"\"The Dark Side\"\" was dedicated to the memory of Ed, who died in 2006. The show originally aired from October 28, 2005 to November 9, 2007 on the Discovery Channel, which produced four seasons of 39 episodes. After nearly a five-year hiatus, New Dominion productions began producing new episodes of a \"\"A Haunting\"\" in 2012.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5854202", "chunk_text": "\"Touched By Evil\"\nshell, which eventually causes her to believe that Jerry is hiding a very dark secret. Eventually, Ellen is confronted with rock-solid evidence that her boyfriend Jerry is the very same man who raped her and she has to save herself before it's too late. Touched By Evil Touched By Evil is a 1997 television drama film directed by James A. Contner and starrring Paula Abdul, Adrian Pasdar and Susan Ruttan. It aired on ABC, January 12, 1997 at 9/8c. The film marks the acting debut of American singer/choreographer Abdul. Ellen Collier (Paula Abdul), a well-put-together businesswoman finds comfort and security", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7150930", "chunk_text": "\"Stan Against Evil\"\nStan Against Evil Stan Against Evil is an American comedy horror television series created by Dana Gould. The series stars John C. McGinley, Janet Varney, Nate Mooney, and Deborah Baker Jr. The series premiered on IFC on October 31, 2016. Season two aired during November 2017 and season three in October and November 2018. A New Hampshire town built on the site of a massive witch burning is haunted by demons, spirits, and witches, that all hate the authorities responsible for their demise, and those of their ilk. Stan Miller, the former sheriff, teams up with Evie Barrett, the new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13493476", "chunk_text": "\"Hell Girl\"\nthe first season, the series soon produced a second season, , which premiered October 7, 2006. A third season, , was first announced on the mobile version of the series official website \"\"Jigoku Tsūshin\"\", and began airing on Japanese TV October 4, 2008. A fourth television series, titled was announced on February 25, 2017 as a climax to the series, and aired from July 14 to September 29, 2017, consisting of 6 new episodes, and 6 'reminiscence' rebroadcast episodes. A live action television series adaptation started airing in Japan on Nippon Television from November 4, 2006. Each episode typically follows", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18353923", "chunk_text": "\"Grimoire of Zero\"\n, in \"\"Dengeki Maoh\"\" on October 27, 2015. An anime television series adaptation was announced at the Dengeki Fall Festival on October 2, 2016. The series is directed by Tetsuo Hirakawa and animated by the studio White Fox. Ryosuke Kimiya and Daisuke Mataga provided character designs for the anime. The series aired from April 10, 2017 to June 26, 2017. The anime ran for 12 episodes. The opening theme titled is performed by Tapimiru and the ending theme titled is performed by Chima. Sentai Filmworks have licensed the anime and it was streamed on Amazon Anime Strike. MVM Films will", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "761749", "chunk_text": "IPartment\nEvil Episode 19: Valentine (Two-Part Finale): The Valentine Prelude Episode 20: Valentine (Two-Part Finale): The Last Valentine (Season Finale) Episode 21: I can Predict the Beginning, but I can't Predict the Ending Episode 22: Drama Queen Episode 23: I Am Legend Episode 24: The Da Vina Code Episode 25: Family Episode 26: Raining With A Chance of Diamonds Episode 27: In the Name of Love Episode 28: The Drunk Angel Episode 29: Dinner Party Episode 30: The Festive Resurrection Episode 31: The Conversion Fascination Episode 32: The Best Actress Episode 33: It's Not Father's Day Episode 34: Hill of Hope:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8491472", "chunk_text": "\"Pretty Cure\"\nCure use their magical powers and enhanced strength to fight against evil forces and organizations who create monsters to bring misery to the Earth and further their plans. As these series progress and stronger enemies appear, the Cures gain new magical items, new abilities, and sometimes new allies to help them in their fight against evil. There are currently fifteen anime television series in the franchise, two of which are direct sequels to their previous series. To date, three series: \"\"Futari wa Pretty Cure\"\", \"\"Smile PreCure!\"\", and \"\"DokiDoki! PreCure\"\", have received adapted English-language dubbed releases under the names \"\"Pretty Cure\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1493246", "chunk_text": "\"Touch (TV series)\"\nOn May 9, 2013, Fox canceled \"\"Touch\"\" after two seasons. \"\"Touch\"\" centers on former reporter Martin Bohm (Sutherland) and his 11-year-old son, Jake (David Mazouz), who has been diagnosed as autistic. Martin's wife died in the World Trade Center during the September 11 attacks, and he has been struggling to raise Jake since then, moving from job to job while tending to Jake's special needs. Jake has never spoken a word, but is fascinated by numbers and patterns relating to numbers, spending much of his days writing them down in notebooks, his touch-screen tablet and sometimes using objects (for instance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2523139", "chunk_text": "\"Henry Danger\"\nseries was renewed for a fifth season of 20 episodes. In addition, Michael D. Cohen had been promoted to main cast and Christopher J. Nowak now serves as showrunner while Jake Farrow now serves as executive producer. On December 3, 2018, it was announced that Nickelodeon had ordered 10 additional episodes for the fifth season, bringing the series to 117 produced episodes. In the United States, the series and first season premiered with a one-hour special on Nickelodeon on July 26, 2014. The first season concluded on May 16, 2015. The second season premiered on September 12, 2015, and concluded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_384	what was the result of the revolt of 1857?	n/a	[ "British victory", "Suppression of the revolt" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17619311", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\ntown of Meerut, 40 miles northeast of Delhi (now Old Delhi). It then spread, creating other mutinies and civilian rebellions, chiefly in the upper Gangetic plain and central India, though other incidents also occurred farther north and east. The rebellion posed a considerable threat to British power in that region, and was contained only with the rebels' defeat in Gwalior on 20 June 1858. On 1 November 1858, the British granted amnesty to all rebels not involved in murder, though they did not declare the hostilities formally to have ended until 8 July 1859. The Indian rebellion arose as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17619310", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\nIndian Rebellion of 1857 The Indian Rebellion of 1857, known in India and Pakistan as a War of Independence, was a major uprising in India during 1857–58 against the rule of the British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British Crown. The event is known by many names, including the Sepoy Mutiny, the Indian Mutiny, the Great Rebellion, the Revolt of 1857, the Indian Insurrection, and India's First War of Independence. The rebellion began on 10 May 1857 in the form of a mutiny of sepoys of the Company's army in the garrison", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17619317", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\nEmperor Shah Alam II. After his defeat, the emperor granted the Company the right to the \"\"collection of Revenue\"\" in the provinces of Bengal (modern day Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha), known as \"\"Diwani\"\" to the Company. The Company soon expanded its territories around its bases in Bombay and Madras; later, the Anglo-Mysore Wars (1766–1799) and the Anglo-Maratha Wars (1772–1818) led to control of even more of India. In 1806, the Vellore Mutiny was sparked by new uniform regulations that created resentment amongst both Hindu and Muslim sepoys. After the turn of the 19th century, Governor-General Wellesley began what became two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17619312", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\nresponse to the oppressive rule of the British, which included invasive social reforms, harsh land taxes, summary treatment of some rich landowners and princes, and broader scepticism about the \"\"improvements\"\" brought about by British rule. Many Indians did rise against the British, but many others fought \"\"for\"\" the British, and the majority remained seemingly compliant to British rule. Violence, which sometimes betrayed exceptional cruelty, was inflicted on both sides; on British officers and civilians (including women and children) by the rebels, and on the rebels and their supporters (including entire villages) by British reprisals. The cities of Delhi and Lucknow", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17619314", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\nLucknow, and especially the Awadh countryside. Other regions of Company-controlled India—the Bengal Presidency, the Bombay Presidency and the Madras Presidency—remained largely calm. In the Punjab, the Sikhs crucially helped the British by providing both soldiers and support. The large princely states (Hyderabad, Mysore, Travancore, and Kashmir), as well as the smaller ones of Rajputana, did not join the rebellion, serving the British, in the words of Governor-General Lord Canning, as \"\"breakwaters in a storm\"\". In some regions, most notably in Awadh, the rebellion took on the attributes of a patriotic revolt against European presence and power. However, the rebel leaders", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12015097", "chunk_text": "\"Western imperialism in Asia\"\nIndian people were outraged, and on May 10, 1857, sepoys marched to Delhi, and, with the help of soldiers stationed there, captured it. Fortunately for the British, many areas remained loyal and quiescent, allowing the revolt to be crushed after fierce fighting. One important consequence of the revolt was the final collapse of the Mughal dynasty. The mutiny also ended the system of dual control under which the British government and the British East India Company shared authority. The government relieved the company of its political responsibilities, and in 1858, after 258 years of existence, the company relinquished its role.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17619315", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\nproclaimed no articles of faith that presaged a new political system. Even so, the rebellion proved to be an important watershed in Indian and British Empire history. It led to the dissolution of the East India Company, and forced the British to reorganize the army, the financial system, and the administration in India, through the passage of the Government of India Act 1858. India was thereafter administered directly by the British government in the new British Raj. On 1 November 1858, Queen Victoria issued a proclamation to Indians, which while lacking the authority of a constitutional provision, promised rights similar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15874464", "chunk_text": "\"Causes of the Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\nresumed the practice of tax free lands in some areas. These changes caused widespread resentment not only among the landed aristocracy but also caused great havoc to a larger section of the middle-class people. Lands were confiscated from the landlords and auctioned. Rich people like the merchants and moneylenders were therefore able to speculate in British land sales and drive out the most vulnerable peasant farmers. During the late eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth century, the armies of the East India Company, in particular those of the Bengal Presidency, were victorious and indomitable — the term", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17619319", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\ndefeated Gurkhas under British influence. In 1854, Berar was annexed, and the state of Oudh was added two years later. For practical purposes, the Company was the government of much of India. The Indian Rebellion of 1857 occurred as the result of an accumulation of factors over time, rather than any single event. The \"\"sepoys\"\" were Indian soldiers who were recruited into the Company's army. Just before the rebellion, there were over 300,000 sepoys in the army, compared to about 50,000 British. The forces were divided into three presidency armies: Bombay, Madras, and Bengal. The Bengal Army recruited higher castes,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17619410", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\nsome houses forty and fifty people were hiding. These were not mutineers but residents of the city, who trusted to our well-known mild rule for pardon. I am glad to say they were disappointed. From the end of 1857, the British had begun to gain ground again. Lucknow was retaken in March 1858. On 8 July 1858, a peace treaty was signed and the rebellion ended. The last rebels were defeated in Gwalior on 20 June 1858. By 1859, rebel leaders Bakht Khan and Nana Sahib had either been slain or had fled. Edward Vibart, a 19-year-old officer whose parents,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7641474", "chunk_text": "India\nintroduction in Europe. However, disaffection with the company also grew during this time, and set off the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Fed by diverse resentments and perceptions, including invasive British-style social reforms, harsh land taxes, and summary treatment of some rich landowners and princes, the rebellion rocked many regions of northern and central India and shook the foundations of Company rule. Although the rebellion was suppressed by 1858, it led to the dissolution of the East India Company and the direct administration of India by the British government. Proclaiming a unitary state and a gradual but limited British-style parliamentary system,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17619333", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\nor going into great debt to money lenders, and providing ultimately a reason to rebel; money lenders, in addition to the Company, were particular objects of the rebels' animosity. The civilian rebellion was also highly uneven in its geographic distribution, even in areas of north-central India that were no longer under British control. For example, the relatively prosperous Muzaffarnagar district, a beneficiary of a Company irrigation scheme, and next door to Meerut, where the upheaval began, stayed relatively calm throughout. \"\"Utilitarian and evangelical-inspired social reform\"\", including the abolition of sati and the legalisation of widow remarriage were considered by many—especially", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15556683", "chunk_text": "\"Battle of Najafgarh\"\nBritish East India Company's Bengal Army stationed at Meerut rose in revolt against their British officers, and marched to Delhi. When they arrived there, they were joined by mobs from the city and sepoys from regiments stationed near Delhi. They captured the city on 11 May 1857, killing British officers and civilians. They proclaimed themselves to be at the disposal of the Mughal Emperor, Bahadur Shah II, who reluctantly gave his support to the rebellion. News of the restoration of the Empire's authority induced many other regiments of sepoys, and other irregular bodies, to rebel and to march to Delhi.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17619429", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\nlocal uprisings. Many of the key primary and secondary sources appear in Biswamoy Pati, ed. \"\"1857 Rebellion\"\". Thomas Metcalf has stressed the importance of the work by Cambridge professor Eric Stokes (1924–1981), especially Stokes' \"\"The Peasant and the Raj: Studies in Agrarian Society and Peasant Rebellion in Colonial India\"\" (1978). Metcalf says Stokes undermines the assumption that 1857 was a response to general causes emanating from entire classes of people. Instead, Stokes argues that 1) those Indians who suffered the greatest relative deprivation rebelled and that 2) the decisive factor in precipitating a revolt was the presence of prosperous magnates", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3477868", "chunk_text": "\"Causes of the Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\nCauses of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 The Indian Rebellion of 1857 had diverse political, economic, military, religious and social causes. The sepoys, a generic term was used for native Indian soldiers of the Bengal army. The spark that led to a mutiny in several sepoy companies was the issue of new gunpowder cartridges for the Enfield rifle in February, 1857. A rumour was spread that the cartridges were made from cow and pig fat. Loading the Enfield required tearing open the greased cartridge with one's teeth. This would have insulted both Hindu and Muslim religious practices; cows were considered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17619332", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\ngroup, the \"\"taluqdars\"\", had lost half their landed estates to peasant farmers as a result of the land reforms that came in the wake of annexation of Oudh. As the rebellion gained ground, the \"\"taluqdars\"\" quickly reoccupied the lands they had lost, and paradoxically, in part because of ties of kinship and feudal loyalty, did not experience significant opposition from the peasant farmers, many of whom joined the rebellion, to the great dismay of the British. It has also been suggested that heavy land-revenue assessment in some areas by the British resulted in many landowning families either losing their land", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1451490", "chunk_text": "\"Names of the Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\nNames of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 The Indian Rebellion of 1857 has been variously termed as a war of independence, a rebellion, and a mutiny. Several Indian writers, who consider it as a part of the Indian independence movement that ultimately led to the country's independence in 1947, have termed it as \"\"The First War of Independence\"\", the \"\"great revolution\"\", the \"\"great rebellion\"\", and the \"\"Indian freedom struggle\"\". Several British writers, who view it as a military disturbance, have termed it as \"\"sepoy revolt\"\", \"\"sepoy war\"\", \"\"Indian rebellion\"\", and the \"\"great revolt\"\". Since the 19th century, a section of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17619342", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\non 6 April, he was hanged two days later. The Jemadar Ishwari Prasad was sentenced to death and hanged on 22 April. The regiment was disbanded and stripped of its uniforms because it was felt that it harboured ill-feelings towards its superiors, particularly after this incident. Shaikh Paltu was promoted to the rank of havildar in the Bengal Army, but was murdered shortly before the 34th BNI dispersed. Sepoys in other regiments thought these punishments were harsh. The demonstration of disgrace during the formal disbanding helped foment the rebellion in view of some historians. Disgruntled ex-sepoys returned home to Awadh", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17619408", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\npunishment adopted many years before in India), in which sentenced rebels were tied over the mouths of cannons and blown to pieces when the cannons were fired. A particular act of cruelty on behalf of the British troops at Cawnpore included forcing many Muslim or Hindu rebels to eat pork or beef, as well as licking buildings freshly stained with blood of the dead before subsequent public hangings. Most of the British press, outraged by the stories of rape and the killings of civilians and wounded British soldiers, did not advocate clemency of any kind. Governor General Canning ordered moderation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17619353", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\nBahadur Shah held his first formal court for many years. It was attended by many excited sepoys. The King was alarmed by the turn events had taken, but eventually accepted the sepoys' allegiance and agreed to give his countenance to the rebellion. On 16 May, up to 50 Europeans who had been held prisoner in the palace or had been discovered hiding in the city were killed by some of the King's servants under a peepul tree in a courtyard outside the palace. The news of the events at Delhi spread rapidly, provoking uprisings among sepoys and disturbances in many", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17619401", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\nin Bihar. On 25 July, mutiny erupted in the garrisons of Dinapur. Mutinying sepoys from the 7th, 8th and 40th regiments of Bengal Native Infantry quickly moved towards the city of Arrah and were joined by Kunwar Singh and his men. Mr. Boyle, a British railway engineer in Arrah, had already prepared an outbuilding on his property for defence against such attacks. As the rebels approached Arrah, all European residents took refuge at Mr. Boyle's house. A siege soon ensued – eighteen civilians and 50 loyal sepoys from the Bengal Military Police Battalion under the command of Herwald Wake, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17619413", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\n\"\"The Last Mughal\"\", historian William Dalrymple examines the effects on the Muslim population of Delhi after the city was retaken by the British and finds that intellectual and economic control of the city shifted from Muslim to Hindu hands because the British, at that time, saw an Islamic hand behind the mutiny. The scale of the punishments handed out by the British \"\"Army of Retribution\"\" were considered largely appropriate and justified in a Britain shocked by embellished reports of atrocities carried out against British and European civilians by the rebels. Accounts of the time frequently reach the \"\"hyperbolic register\"\", according", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11468779", "chunk_text": "\"Causes of the Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\nRemarriage Act of 1856 which allowed women to remarry, like Christian women. He also passed decrees allowing Hindus who had converted to Christianity to be able to inherit property, which had previously been denied by local practice. Author Pramod Nayar points out that by 1851 there were nineteen Protestant religious societies operating in India whose goal was the conversion of Indians to Christianity. Christian organisations from Britain had additionally created 222 \"\"unattached\"\" mission stations across India in the decade preceding the rebellion. Religious disquiet as the cause of rebellion underlies the work of historian William Dalrymple who asserts that the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17619426", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\nawarded to members of the British Armed Forces and the British Indian Army during the rebellion. The 182 recipients of the Victoria Cross are listed here. 290,000 Indian Mutiny Medals were awarded. Clasps were awarded for the siege of Delhi and the siege and relief of Lucknow. A military and civilian decoration of British India, the Indian Order of Merit was first introduced by the East India Company in 1837, and was taken over by the Crown in 1858, following the Indian Mutiny of 1857. The Indian Order of Merit was the only gallantry medal available to Native soldiers between", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17619371", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\nfighting, the British reached the Red Fort. Bahadur Shah Zafar had already fled to Humayun's tomb. The British had retaken the city. The troops of the besieging force proceeded to loot and pillage the city. A large number of the citizens were killed in retaliation for the Europeans and Indian civilians that had been slaughtered by the rebels. During the street fighting, artillery was set up city's main mosque, neighbourhoods within range were bombarded; the homes of the Muslim nobility that contained innumerable cultural, artistic, literary and monetary riches destroyed. The British soon arrested Bahadur Shah, and the next day", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17619360", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\nmutiny. In total, only twelve of the original Bengal Native Infantry regiments survived to pass into the new Indian Army. All ten of the Bengal Light Cavalry regiments mutinied. The Bengal Army also contained 29 irregular cavalry and 42 irregular infantry regiments. Of these, a substantial contingent from the recently annexed state of Awadh mutinied \"\"en masse\"\". Another large contingent from Gwalior also mutinied, even though that state's ruler supported the British. The remainder of the irregular units were raised from a wide variety of sources and were less affected by the concerns of mainstream Indian society. Some irregular units", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17619405", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\nof Bengal proper were already experiencing growing resistance to Company rule due to the Muslim Faraizi movement. In central and north Gujarat, the rebellion was sustained by land owner Jagirdars, Talukdars and Thakors with the support of armed communities of Bhil, Koli, Pathans and Arabs, unlike the mutiny by sepoys in north India. Their main opposition of British was due to Inam commission. The Bet Dwarka island, along with Okhamandal region of Kathiawar peninsula which was under Gaekwad of Baroda State, saw a revolt by the Vaghers in January 1858 who, by July 1859, controlled that region. In October 1859,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20349206", "chunk_text": "\"1857 (film)\"\n1857 (film) 1857 is a 1946 Indian Bollywood film. It was the fifth highest grossing Indian film of 1946. The film was directed by Mohan Sinha for Murari Pictures. The story was by M. Zahur with screenplay and dialogue by Safdar 'Ah'. The film starred the singer-actor pair of Surendra and Suraiya, along with Wasti, Nigar, Munshi Khanjar, Madan Puri. 1857 was a historical fiction drama set against the backdrop of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 also known as the First War of Independence. The music composer was Sajjad Hussain and the lyricists were Anjum Pilibhiti, Y. N. Joshi, Shewan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17619316", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\nto those of other British subjects. In the following decades, when admission to these rights was not always forthcoming, Indians were to pointedly refer to the Queen's proclamation in growing avowals of a new nationalism. Although the British East India Company had established a presence in India as far back as 1612, and earlier administered the factory areas established for trading purposes, its victory in the Battle of Plassey in 1757 marked the beginning of its firm foothold in eastern India. The victory was consolidated in 1764 at the Battle of Buxar, when the East India Company army defeated Mughal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17619407", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\nbeen killed during the war, with 100,000 of them being civilians. The general population in places such as Delhi, Allahabad, Kanpur and Lucknow was massacred after being recaptured by British forces. Another notable atrocity was carried out by General Neill who massacred thousands of Indian mutineers and Indian civilians suspected of supporting the rebellion. The rebels' murder of women, children and wounded British soldiers at Cawnpore, and the subsequent printing of the events in the British papers, left many British soldiers outraged and seeking revenge. As well as hanging mutineers, the British had some \"\"blown from cannon,\"\" (an old Mughal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17619423", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\nrestrict Indian entry into the civil service. The Bengal army dominated the Indian army before 1857 and a direct result after the rebellion was the scaling back of the size of the Bengali contingent in the army. The Brahmin presence in the Bengal Army was reduced because of their perceived primary role as mutineers. The British looked for increased recruitment in the Punjab for the Bengal army as a result of the apparent discontent that resulted in the Sepoy conflict. The rebellion transformed both the native and European armies of British India. Of the 74 regular Bengal Native Infantry regiments", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17619366", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\nmanaged to regain control of the area. The Imperial Gazetteer of India states that throughout the Indian Rebellion of 1857, Gurjars and Ranghars (Muslim rajpoots) proved the \"\"most irreconcilable enemies\"\" of the British in the Bulandshahr area. Mufti Nizamuddin, a renowned scholar of Lahore, issued a Fatwa against the British forces and called upon the local population to support the forces of Rao Tula Ram. Casualties were high at the subsequent engagement at Narnaul (Nasibpur). After the defeat of Rao Tula Ram on 16 November 1857, Mufti Nizamuddin was arrested, and his brother Mufti Yaqinuddin and brother-in-law Abdur Rahman (alias", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3477890", "chunk_text": "\"Causes of the Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\nin the siege of Delhi after the arrival of a siege train of thirty-two howitzers and mortars. There were also a number of regiments from the British Army (referred to in India as \"\"Queen's troops\"\") stationed in India, but in 1857 several of these had been withdrawn to take part in the Crimean War or the Anglo-Persian War of 1856. The moment at which the sepoys' grievances led them openly to defy British authority also happened to be the most favourable opportunity to do so. \| direction = horizontal The rebellion was, literally, started over a gun. Sepoys throughout India", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14087274", "chunk_text": "\"Causes of the Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\nmoney on ritual purification before being accepted back into society. There had been earlier indications that all was not well in the armies of the East India Company. As early as 1806, concerns that the sepoys' caste may be polluted had led to the Vellore Mutiny, which was brutally suppressed. In 1824, there was another mutiny by a regiment ordered overseas in the First Anglo-Burmese War, who were refused transport to carry individual cooking vessels and told to share communal pots. Eleven of the sepoys were executed and hundreds more sentenced to hard labour. In 1851-2 sepoys who were required", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17619396", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\non the point of open revolt, the four most disaffected Bengal Native regiments were disarmed by the two British infantry regiments in the cantonment, backed by artillery, on 22 May. This decisive act induced many local chieftains to side with the British. Jhelum in Punjab saw a mutiny of native troops against the British. Here 35 British soldiers of Her Majesty's 24th Regiment of Foot (South Wales Borderers) were killed by mutineers on 7 July 1857. Among the dead was Captain Francis Spring, the eldest son of Colonel William Spring. To commemorate this event St. John's Church Jhelum was built", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17619348", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\nto defend or conceal their employers, were killed by the sepoys. While the action of the sepoys in freeing their 85 imprisoned comrades appears to have been spontaneous, some civilian rioting in the city was reportedly encouraged by kotwal (local police commander) Dhan Singh Gurjar Some sepoys (especially from the 11th Bengal Native Infantry) escorted trusted British officers and women and children to safety before joining the revolt. Some officers and their families escaped to Rampur, where they found refuge with the Nawab. The British historian Philip Mason notes that it was inevitable that most of the sepoys and sowars", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17619313", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\nwere laid waste in the fighting and during the British retaliation. After the outbreak of the mutiny in Meerut, the rebels very quickly reached Delhi and declared its 81-year-old Mughal ruler, Bahadur Shah Zafar, as Emperor of Hindustan. Soon, they also captured large tracts of the North-Western Provinces and Awadh (Oudh). The East India Company's response came rapidly as well. With help from reinforcements, Kanpur was retaken by mid-July 1857 and Delhi by the end of September. Even so, it then took the remainder of 1857 and the better part of 1858 for the rebellion to be suppressed in Jhansi,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14457934", "chunk_text": "\"Murree rebellion of 1857\"\nMurree rebellion of 1857 The Murree Rebellion of 1857, sometimes termed a war of Independence, was part of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. It was a rebel skirmish between the tribes surrounding the Hill Station of Murree (in modern-day Pakistan) and the colonial government of British India. Resentment toward colonial rule had been mounting for many years following the British establishment in the subcontinent. There had been occasional isolated uprisings toward the British. The significance of the 1857 events was that, although not centrally coordinated, the uprisings had the feel of something much larger with real anticipation that colonial rule", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12751850", "chunk_text": "\"Capture of Lucknow\"\nCapture of Lucknow The Capture of Lucknow (Hindi: लखनऊ का क़ब्ज़ा, ) was a battle of Indian rebellion of 1857. The British recaptured the city of Lucknow which they had abandoned in the previous winter after the relief of a besieged garrison in the Residency, and destroyed the organised resistance by the rebels in the Kingdom of Awadh (or \"\"Oudh\"\", as it was referred to in most contemporary accounts). Oudh had been annexed by the East India Company only a year before a general mutiny broke out in the Company's Bengal Army. The annexation had been accompanied by several instances", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8773614", "chunk_text": "\"Indian independence movement\"\nIndian independence movement The Indian independence movement was a series of activities whose ultimate aim was to end the British Raj and encompassed activities and ideas aiming to end the East India Company rule (1757–1857) and the British Raj (1857–1947) in the Indian subcontinent. The movement spanned a total of 90 years (1857–1947) considering movement against British Indian Empire. The Indian Independence movement includes both protest (peaceful and non-violent) and militant (violent) mechanisms to root out British Administration from India. The first organised militant movements were in Bengal, but they later took root in the newly formed Indian National Congress", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7614008", "chunk_text": "\"Siege of Delhi\"\nSiege of Delhi The Siege of Delhi was one of the decisive conflicts of the Indian rebellion of 1857. The rebellion against the authority of the East India Company was widespread through much of Northern India, but essentially it was sparked by the mass uprising by the sepoys of the units of the Army which the company had itself raised in its Bengal Presidency (which actually covered a vast area from Assam to Peshawar). Seeking a symbol around which to rally, the first sepoys to rebel sought to reinstate the power of the Mughal Empire, which had ruled much of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17619367", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\nNabi Baksh) were arrested in Tijara. They were taken to Delhi and hanged. Having lost the fight at Nasibpur, Rao Tula Ram and Pran Sukh Yadav requested arms from Russia, which had just been engaged against Britain in the Crimean War. The British were slow to strike back at first. It took time for troops stationed in Britain to make their way to India by sea, although some regiments moved overland through Persia from the Crimean War, and some regiments already \"\"en route\"\" for China were diverted to India. It took time to organise the European troops already in India", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17619390", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\nlost control of much of Bundelkhand and eastern Rajasthan. The Bengal Army units in the area, having rebelled, marched to take part in the battles for Delhi and Cawnpore. The many princely states that made up this area began warring amongst themselves. In September and October 1857, the Rani led the successful defence of Jhansi against the invading armies of the neighbouring rajas of Datia and Orchha. On 3 February, Sir Hugh Rose broke the 3-month siege of Saugor. Thousands of local villagers welcomed him as a liberator, freeing them from rebel occupation. In March 1858, the Central India Field", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17619391", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\nForce, led by Sir Hugh Rose, advanced on and laid siege to Jhansi. The Company forces captured the city, but the Rani fled in disguise. After being driven from Jhansi and Kalpi, on 1 June 1858 Rani Lakshmi Bai and a group of Maratha rebels captured the fortress city of Gwalior from the Scindia rulers, who were British allies. This might have reinvigorated the rebellion but the Central India Field Force very quickly advanced against the city. The Rani died on 17 June, the second day of the Battle of Gwalior, probably killed by a carbine shot from the 8th", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17619378", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\nwho was staying in Savada Kothi (Bungalow) nearby, was informed about what was happening and immediately came to stop it. Some British histories allow that it might well have been the result of accident or error; someone accidentally or maliciously fired a shot, the panic-stricken British opened fire, and it became impossible to stop the massacre. The surviving women and children were taken to the Nana Sahib and then confined first to the Savada Kothi and then to the home of the local magistrate's clerk (the Bibighar) where they were joined by refugees from Fatehgarh. Overall five men and two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17619414", "chunk_text": "\"Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\nto Christopher Herbert, especially in the often-repeated claim that the \"\"Red Year\"\" of 1857 marked \"\"a terrible break\"\" in British experience. Such was the atmosphere – a national \"\"mood of retribution and despair\"\" that led to \"\"almost universal approval\"\" of the measures taken to pacify the revolt. Incidents of rape allegedly committed by Indian rebels against European women and girls appalled the British public. These atrocities were often used to justify the British reaction to the rebellion. British newspapers printed various eyewitness accounts of the rape of English women and girls. One such account was published by \"\"The Times\"\", regarding", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1237426", "chunk_text": "\"Vellore mutiny\"\nsepoys proclaimed the return of Mughal rule by re-installing Bahadur Shah as Emperor of India; in the same way mutineers of Vellore, nearly 50 years before, had attempted to restore power to Tipu Sultan's sons. Perceived insensitivity to sepoy religious and cultural practices (in the form of leather headdresses and greased cartridges) was a factor in both uprisings. The events of 1857 (which involved the Bengal Army and did not affect the Madras Army) caused the British crown to take over company property and functions within India through the Government of India Act 1858 which saw the total dissolution of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20111661", "chunk_text": "Bijnor\nnawab, who in the same year (1774) ceded it to the British East India Company. During the rebellion of 1857 Bijnor was occupied by the nawab of Najibabad, a grandson of Zabita Khan, on 1 June. In spite of fighting between the Hindus and the Muslim Pashtuns, the Nawab succeeded in maintaining his position until the 21 April 1858, when he was defeated by the British at Nagina. As per 2011 census, Bijnor urban agglomeration had a population of 115,381 out of which males were 60,656 and females were 54,725. The literacy rate was 77.90 per cent. Schools in Bijnor,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5554800", "chunk_text": "\"Causes of the Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\nBritish commanders that the grievances which led to them were felt throughout the Bengal army and no Indian unit could wholly be trusted, although many officers continued to vouch for their men's loyalty, even in the face of captured correspondence indicating their intention to rebel. The Bengal Army also administered, sometimes loosely, 29 regiments of irregular horse and 42 of irregular infantry. Some of these units belonged to states allied to the British or recently absorbed into British-administered territory, and of these, two large contingents from the states of Awadh and Gwalior readily joined the growing rebellion. Other irregular units", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18415081", "chunk_text": "\"Names of the Indian Rebellion of 1857\"\nnationalist sentiment and only involving a minority of people or soldiers. Names of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 The Indian Rebellion of 1857 has been variously termed as a war of independence, a rebellion, and a mutiny. Several Indian writers, who consider it as a part of the Indian independence movement that ultimately led to the country's independence in 1947, have termed it as \"\"The First War of Independence\"\", the \"\"great revolution\"\", the \"\"great rebellion\"\", and the \"\"Indian freedom struggle\"\". Several British writers, who view it as a military disturbance, have termed it as \"\"sepoy revolt\"\", \"\"sepoy war\"\", \"\"Indian rebellion\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_385	who sang the song a white sports coat and a pink carnation?	n/a	[ "Marty Robbins" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1850498", "chunk_text": "\"Sport coat\"\noften made with metal buttons reflecting their origins in the British Navy and the sport of boating, though this is not necessarily a defining feature. Blazers also often have patch pockets, unlike other kinds of coats. A sports coat can be casual wear if worn with jeans. The jacket is mentioned in the title of the 1957 rock and roll hit single \"\"A White Sport Coat (and a Pink Carnation)\"\" by Marty Robbins; the title was later adapted by Jimmy Buffett for his 1973 album \"\"A White Sport Coat and a Pink Crustacean\"\". Sport coat A sport coat, also called", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8403786", "chunk_text": "\"A White Sport Coat\"\nA White Sport Coat \"\"A White Sport Coat\"\" is a 1957 country and western song with words and music both written by Marty Robbins. It was recorded on January 25, 1957, and released on the Columbia Records label, over a month later, on March 4. The arranger and recording session conductor was Ray Conniff, an in-house conductor/arranger at Columbia. Robbins had demanded to have Conniff oversee the recording after his earlier hit, \"\"Singing the Blues\"\", had been quickly eclipsed on the charts by Guy Mitchell's cover version scored and conducted by Conniff in October, 1956. Robbins recalled writing the song", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15197399", "chunk_text": "\"A White Sport Coat and a Pink Crustacean\"\na play on the country song \"\"A White Sport Coat and a Pink Carnation\"\" by Marty Robbins, and it contains several of what later became Buffett's most popular songs. The album was recorded at outlaw country singer Tompall Glaser's studio in Nashville, Tennessee. It marks the first reference to Buffett's backup band as \"\"The Coral Reefer Band\"\" and is the first album on which long-time Reefers Michael Utley and Greg \"\"Fingers\"\" Taylor play. The album reached number 43 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Top Country Albums chart, but did not make the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200 album chart, his last major release not to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8403788", "chunk_text": "\"A White Sport Coat\"\n1957. A version by Johnny Desmond received some play also, peaking at No. 62 on the U.S. pop charts. In UK the song was a notable hit for the English Rock'n'Roll singer Terry Dene, and also for The King Brothers. The Terry Dene version reached #18 in the UK Charts, while The King Brothers' recording peaked at #6, both in early summer 1957. Jimmy Buffett's 1973 album \"\"A White Sport Coat and a Pink Crustacean\"\" spoofs the title of the song. A White Sport Coat \"\"A White Sport Coat\"\" is a 1957 country and western song with words and music", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9746640", "chunk_text": "\"The King Brothers\"\nThe King Brothers The King Brothers were a British pop vocal trio popular in the late 1950s and early 1960s. They are best remembered for their cover versions of \"\"Standing on the Corner\"\" and \"\"A White Sport Coat (And A Pink Carnation)\"\". The group was composed of three brothers who first performed together professionally on the TV show 'Shop Window' in 1952. Initially performing as The King Three, they appeared on the BBC Television early in their career on \"\"Six-Five Special\"\", and by 1957 had been named \"\"top vocal group\"\" in the reader's poll of \"\"NME\"\". Their first hit on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8403787", "chunk_text": "\"A White Sport Coat\"\nin approximately twenty minutes while being transported in a standard automobile. He is said to have had the inspiration for the song while driving from a motel to a venue in Ohio where he was due to perform that evening. During the course of the journey, he passed a local high school, where its students were dressed ready for their prom. The song reached No. 1 on the U.S. country chart becoming Marty Robbins' third No. 1 record, the song reached No. 2 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" pop chart in the U.S. and No. 1 in the Australian music charts in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7947152", "chunk_text": "\"Mitch Miller\"\nof his recommendation and a letter of reference to William Schuman that Aken's parents sent the young musician and future Hall of Fame guitarist to the Juilliard School of Music. Despite his distaste for rock 'n' roll, Miller emphasized emotional expression over vocal perfection and often produced records for Columbia artists that were rockish in nature. Two examples of these are \"\"A White Sport Coat (and a Pink Carnation)\"\" by Marty Robbins and \"\"Rock-a-Billy\"\" by Guy Mitchell. As a record producer, Miller gained a reputation for both innovation and gimmickry. Although he oversaw dozens of chart hits, his relentlessly cheery", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13624870", "chunk_text": "\"Marty Robbins\"\n\"\"A White Sport Coat and a Pink Carnation\"\" sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold record. His musical accomplishments include the Grammy Award for his 1959 hit and signature song \"\"El Paso\"\", taken from his album \"\"Gunfighter Ballads and Trail Songs\"\". \"\"El Paso\"\" was his first song to hit No. 1 on the pop chart in the 1960s. It was followed up, successfully, by \"\"Don't Worry\"\", which reached No. 3 on the pop chart in 1961, becoming his third, and last, Top 10 pop hit. \"\"El Paso\"\" was followed by one prequel and one sequel: \"\"Faleena From", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15197398", "chunk_text": "\"A White Sport Coat and a Pink Crustacean\"\nA White Sport Coat and a Pink Crustacean A White Sport Coat and a Pink Crustacean is the third studio album by American singer-songwriter Jimmy Buffett and the first major-label album in Buffett's Don Gant-produced \"\"Key West phase\"\", although Buffett himself frequently refers to \"\"A White Sport Coat and a Pink Crustacean\"\" as his first album. It was initially released on June 4, 1973, as Dunhill DS-50150 and October 26, 1987, as MCA. It was the first album of his career to feature Buffett's trademark mustache, which would remain in use until \"\"Hot Water\"\". The title of the album is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15197401", "chunk_text": "\"A White Sport Coat and a Pink Crustacean\"\nDrunk\"\" and is credited with playing maracas and beer cans on the album under the pseudonym Marvin Gardens, derived from a property on the original Atlantic City version of the Monopoly game board. \"\"He Went to Paris\"\" is perennial fan favorite ballad, appearing on most of Buffett's greatest hits collections. It was remade by Waylon Jennings in 1980 and by Buffett himself for his 2003 \"\"\"\". Both Buffett and Jerry Jeff Walker wrote \"\"Railroad Lady\"\". Walker recorded the song a year earlier than Buffett and it was later further popularized by Lefty Frizzell, Merle Haggard, and Willie Nelson. Although it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "377002", "chunk_text": "\"Popsicle (song)\"\nPopsicle (song) \"\"Popsicle\"\" is a song written by Buzz Cason, and Bobby Russell for the American rock band Jan & Dean. The song was originally released on their 1963 album, \"\"Drag City\"\". After Jan Berry's near fatal car accident near Dead Man's Curve in 1966, Dean Torrence had one last effort to save Jan & Dean's name by releasing a new album with \"\"Popsicle\"\" as the title track. The new album consisted of all previously released songs. Popsicle was then released as a single with the B side being a remake of The Beatles' \"\"Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4841247", "chunk_text": "\"A White Sport Coat and a Pink Crustacean\"\nmake that chart. The single of \"\"The Great Filling Station Holdup\"\" reached number 58 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Singles chart and \"\"Grapefruit Juicy Fruit\"\" was number 23 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Easy Listening chart. All of the songs on \"\"A White Sport Coat and a Pink Crustacean\"\" were written or co-written by Buffett. The most well-known song of the album, the novelty \"\"Why Don't We Get Drunk (and Screw)\"\", was originally released as a B-side, backing the single \"\"The Great Filling Station Holdup\"\" and inspired some controversy at the time due to its lyrics. Buffett wrote \"\"Why Don't We Get", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12895901", "chunk_text": "\"Marion Marlowe\"\nMarion Marlowe Marion Marlowe (born Marion Townsend; March 7, 1929 – March 24, 2012) was an American singer and actress. She is best known for her recordings of \"\"The Man in the Raincoat\"\" and \"\"Heartbeat\"\". Marlowe worked with Frank Parker (\"\"Moonlight and Roses\"\") and was married to the television producer Larry Puck. Marlowe was born in St. Louis, Missouri, and her father died several years later. At that point Marlowe and her mother (a ballerina who had danced with the Metropolitan Opera) moved in with her grandparents. Her initial public performance came at age 5 when she sang \"\"Ave Maria\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16533631", "chunk_text": "\"Pink Shoe Laces\"\nPink Shoe Laces \"\"Pink Shoe Laces\"\" (or \"\"Pink Shoelaces\"\") is a song composed by Mickie Grant that was recorded by Dodie Stevens, accompanied by Bobby Hammack and his Orchestra, and released as a single in 1959 on Crystalette Records, a record label distributed by Dot Records. The verses of the song are spoken rather than sung. Dodie Stevens was born on February 17, 1946. The song was recorded when the singer was 13 years old. The song is about an unusual man named Dooley, with whom the singer is in love, who has a strange lifestyle and wears crazy clothes.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17770656", "chunk_text": "\"Marty Robbins\"\ncardiovascular disease. After his third heart attack on December 2, 1982, he underwent quadruple coronary bypass surgery. He did not recover and died six days later, on December 8, at St. Thomas Hospital in Nashville. He was 57 years old. Although by 1960 Robbins' output was largely country music, his initial hits like \"\"Singing the Blues\"\", \"\"Knee Deep in the Blues\"\", \"\"The Story of My Life\"\", \"\"She Was Only Seventeen\"\", and \"\"A White Sport Coat and a Pink Carnation\"\" were generally regarded as more pop/teen idol material than his hits from 1960 onwards (\"\"El Paso\"\" etc.). His 1957 recording of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13624867", "chunk_text": "\"Marty Robbins\"\nthe Seventies for the bleached-denim 'outlaw school' of Waylon Jennings and Willie Nelson. Robbins belonged to the Jim Reeves era and he wore his embroidered cowboy suits proudly. Best known for the western ballad, \"\"El Paso\"\", his career also touched the rock 'n' roll side of country in songs like \"\"White Sports Coat And A Pink Carnation\"\", and he kept a touch of the dude about him to the end.\"\" In 1980, Robbins appeared on the PBS music program \"\"Austin City Limits\"\" (season 5). In addition to his recordings and performances, Robbins was an avid race car driver, competing in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6707218", "chunk_text": "\"Pink Cashmere\"\nPink Cashmere \"\"Pink Cashmere\"\" is a song by Prince, written for his then-girlfriend, Anna Fantastic (Anna Garcia), for her 18th birthday. The song references the actual gift he presented to her, a coat made of pink cashmere with a black mink collar and cuff, the name Anna Fantastic embroidered on the sleeve, and \"\"89\"\" on the back. The coat was valued at $15,000, being custom made by his personal staff designer. The song is emulated by Beck in \"\"Debra\"\". In the US, the B-side was the 1978 track, \"\"Soft and Wet\"\", while Germany backed the song with the William Orbit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13624887", "chunk_text": "\"Marty Robbins\"\na hit on both the country and pop charts, charting to Number One on the Hot Country Songs as well as the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. Although being his only pop Number One, in 1957, \"\"A White Sport Coat\"\" charted to #2, and in 1961, \"\"Don't Worry\"\" charted to #3. His final Top 10 single was \"\"Honkytonk Man\"\" from the 1982 eponymous film in which Robbins had a role. He died shortly before its release. Since his death, four posthumous studio albums have been released, but they made no impact on the charts. Marty Robbins Martin David Robinson (September 26, 1925", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19431888", "chunk_text": "\"Paul Politi\"\nPaul Politi Paul Leo Politi (born July 31, 1943) is an American songwriter, famous for his collaboration of over 40 songs with singer and songwriter Barry White. Politi and White collaborated in writing songs including the singer Felice Taylor during the mid 1960s. Various songs co-written for her included \"\"It May Be Winter Outside (But in My Heart It's Spring)\"\" in 1967 and the follow-up \"\"Under the Influence of Love\"\". Both were later covered by Love Unlimited, a protegée female vocal group established through Barry White's initiative and were hit singles in the United States. The international fame came through", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9746641", "chunk_text": "\"The King Brothers\"\nthe UK Singles Chart was their cover of \"\"A White Sport Coat\"\", which hit #6 in 1957. In October 1960, they were again voted \"\"top vocal group\"\" in the \"\"NME\"\" reader's poll. They had a string of successful singles through 1961, after which time they continued recording but found their popularity waning. Group leader Denis King later became an award-winning composer for television, film, and musicals; among other things, he wrote the theme music for \"\"The Adventures of Black Beauty\"\" and \"\"Lovejoy\"\". The King Brothers The King Brothers were a British pop vocal trio popular in the late 1950s and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3360185", "chunk_text": "\"Coat of Many Colors (song)\"\nCoat of Many Colors (song) \"\"Coat of Many Colors\"\" is a song written and recorded by American country music singer Dolly Parton, which has been described on a number of occasions as her favorite song she has written. It was released in October 1971 as the second single and title track from the album \"\"Coat of Many Colors\"\". She composed the song in 1969, while traveling with Porter Wagoner on a tour bus. (She explained in her 1994 memoir, \"\"My Life and Other Unfinished Business\"\", because she could find no paper, as the song came to her, she wrote it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5866631", "chunk_text": "\"Danny Williams (singer)\"\nDanny Williams (singer) Danny Williams (7 January 1942 – 6 December 2005) was a British, South African-born pop singer. who earned the nickname, \"\"Britain's Johnny Mathis\"\", for his smooth and stylish way with a ballad. He is best known for singing his UK number 1 version of \"\"Moon River\"\" in 1961 and his US top ten hit, \"\"White on White\"\". Born in Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape, South Africa, Williams won a talent contest at the age of 14 and joined a touring show called Golden City Dixies that played throughout South Africa. In 1959, the show came to London where", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16975470", "chunk_text": "\"Marty Robbins discography\"\nHot Country Songs as well as the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. Although being his only pop Number One, in 1957, \"\"A White Sport Coat\"\" charted to #2, and in 1961, \"\"Don't Worry\"\" charted to #3. Since his death in 1982, four posthumous studio albums have been released, although they did not make an impact on the charts. His final Top 10 single was \"\"Honkytonk Man\"\" in 1982, which is the title of the film Robbins had starred in. However, he died shortly before the release of the film. Marty Robbins discography The discography of country music singer Marty Robbins consists of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2798575", "chunk_text": "\"Popsicle (song)\"\n\"\"Popsicle\"\" hit as high as 21 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 in the later half of 1966 when it was rereleased as a single. Popsicle (song) \"\"Popsicle\"\" is a song written by Buzz Cason, and Bobby Russell for the American rock band Jan & Dean. The song was originally released on their 1963 album, \"\"Drag City\"\". After Jan Berry's near fatal car accident near Dead Man's Curve in 1966, Dean Torrence had one last effort to save Jan & Dean's name by releasing a new album with \"\"Popsicle\"\" as the title track. The new album consisted of all previously released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12899788", "chunk_text": "\"Terry Dene\"\nthe British Elvis and recognised as one of the best voices of the rock and roll era of pre-Beatles Britain. His first single, \"\"A White Sport Coat\"\", in the first seven weeks sold in excess of 300,000 copies, together with \"\"Stairway of Love\"\", which remained in the chart for eight weeks, and his own version of \"\"Start Movin'\"\" at number 14, put his records in the Top 20 of the UK Singles Chart twice in the same year, securing his name in the \"\"Guinness Book of Records\"\". He toured Britain, was one of the first to appear in the BBC", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13862828", "chunk_text": "\"Jimmy Buffett greatest hits compilations\"\nNovember 1993. All the Great Hits was released in the United Kingdom on Prism Platinum PLATCD 4903 in 1993 or 1994. The Great Jimmy Buffett is a compilation of songs from \"\"A White Sport Coat and a Pink Crustacean\"\" and \"\"Living and Dying in 3/4 Time\"\" released in Portugal on Goldies (Intermusic) GLD 63166 in 1994. Great American Summer Fun with Jimmy Buffett is a compilation EP that was released on MCA Special Products MSD-36031 in the summer of 1996 for sale only at the US Target Corporation stores. Biloxi was originally released in Australia on Castle Communications Australia PCD10169", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8512509", "chunk_text": "\"Denis King\"\nPalladium. Within a year they were in the record charts. \"\"A White Sport Coat\"\" and “Standing On The Corner” were their biggest successes. They appeared with Peter Sellers, Harry Secombe, Frankie Vaughan, Roy Castle, Shirley Bassey, Alma Cogan, Ronnie Corbett, Bruce Forsyth, Morecambe and Wise, as well as American stars Bobby Darin, Howard Keel, Sammy Davis Jr, Judy Garland, Lena Horne, Sarah Vaughan, Sophie Tucker and Frank Sinatra. With the disbanding of the group in 1970, Denis studied orchestration at the Guildhall School of Music in London and got his first break in television writing the music for \"\"The Adventures", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4841249", "chunk_text": "\"A White Sport Coat and a Pink Crustacean\"\nwas not extremely commercially successful at the time of its release, \"\"A White Sport Coat and a Pink Crustacean\"\" is generally considered one of Buffett's better albums and the beginning of his success. Johnny Loftus of AllMusic argues, \"\"while it still lies much closer to Nashville than Key West,\"\" the album \"\"does begin to delineate the blowsy, good-timin' Key West persona that would lead him to summer tour stardom\"\" and is \"\"highly recommended for Buffett completists and those interested in his more introspective side.\"\" Side A: Side B: Side A: Side B: The Coral Reefer Band: A White Sport Coat", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17871241", "chunk_text": "\"Danny Williams (singer)\"\nby his two daughters (Natali and Melody Williams) and two sons, the actor Anthony Barclay and Michael Stewart. Danny Williams (singer) Danny Williams (7 January 1942 – 6 December 2005) was a British, South African-born pop singer. who earned the nickname, \"\"Britain's Johnny Mathis\"\", for his smooth and stylish way with a ballad. He is best known for singing his UK number 1 version of \"\"Moon River\"\" in 1961 and his US top ten hit, \"\"White on White\"\". Born in Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape, South Africa, Williams won a talent contest at the age of 14 and joined a touring", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6354914", "chunk_text": "\"Josh White\"\nduets with Buddy Moss and often performed duets with his friend Billie Holiday. He also recorded songs of social and political protest with Woody Guthrie, Pete Seeger, Burl Ives, and Lee Hays in their folk cooperative group the Almanac Singers and in the later group People's Songs, which consisted of the core of musicians and activists who formed Almanac Singers. In 1945, with the success of his hit single \"\"One Meatball\"\", in addition to his national radio show, his appearance in the film \"\"Crimson Canary\"\", and publicity from Café Society, White became the first African-American popular music artist to make", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19179583", "chunk_text": "\"Carol Parks\"\nShe sang on several commercials for Ernest and Julio Gallo, AVCO Financial Services Corporation, Bank of America, Toyota, Datsun and other clients. Under the alias \"\"Honey White and the Night Man\"\", \"\"Kim Carmichael\"\" and \"\"Carol Carmichael\"\" she recorded two albums \"\"Songs My Father Taught Me\"\", \"\"The Carol Carmichael Songbook\"\", and two singles, \"\"All Night's Alright\"\", \"\"Shake A Hand\"\". She also recorded two albums \"\"Chitty Chitty Bang Bang\"\" and \"\"Touring The Motor City\"\", plus a single \"\"Summertime Love\"\" with The New Christy Minstrels. Additionally Parks sang main titles for \"\"Where's Papa?\"\", \"\"The Miracle Worker\"\", \"\"Save the Tiger\"\", \"\"Lifeguard\"\", \"\"The Last Picture", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16533634", "chunk_text": "\"Pink Shoe Laces\"\nanother male voice. In 1960, Mexican rock and roll group Los Hooligans recorded a Spanish-language cover titled \"\"Agujetas de color de rosa\"\". Their version was highly popular in Mexico, topping the charts for 9 weeks in 1961, and became one of the first rock and roll hits in that country. Pink Shoe Laces \"\"Pink Shoe Laces\"\" (or \"\"Pink Shoelaces\"\") is a song composed by Mickie Grant that was recorded by Dodie Stevens, accompanied by Bobby Hammack and his Orchestra, and released as a single in 1959 on Crystalette Records, a record label distributed by Dot Records. The verses of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2664775", "chunk_text": "\"Walk Like a Man (The Four Seasons song)\"\nWalk Like a Man (The Four Seasons song) \"\"Walk Like a Man\"\" is a song written by Bob Crewe and Bob Gaudio and originally recorded by the Four Seasons. The song features the counterpoint of Nick Massi's bass voice and the falsetto of lead singer Frankie Valli. It was their third number one hit, initially reaching the top of the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 on March 2, 1963, remaining there for three weeks. \"\"Walk Like a Man\"\" also went to number three on the R&B singles chart During the sessions that produced the hit recording, the fire department received an emergency", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14709234", "chunk_text": "\"Ken Lewis (songwriter)\"\nDawn Chorus, only to be re-released in this century as the Flower Pot Men. The \"\"touring\"\" Flower Pot Men started recording songs by Roger Greenaway and eventually changed their name to White Plains. After a minor success billed as Stamford Bridge (UK number 47 with \"\"Chelsea\"\"), Lewis decided to leave the music industry in 1971, suffering from depression. He went to live in Wallsend. Despite not being a driver, he travelled extensively during his earlier years, visiting most of Europe's capital cities as well as many other parts of the world. He was also briefly married in his early life.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13694788", "chunk_text": "\"Ray Conniff\"\ntheir home arranger, working with several artists including Rosemary Clooney, Marty Robbins, Frankie Laine, Johnny Mathis, Guy Mitchell and Johnnie Ray. He wrote a top 10 arrangement for Don Cherry's \"\"Band of Gold\"\" in 1955, a single that sold more than a million copies. Among the hit singles he backed with his orchestra (and eventually with a male chorus) were \"\"Yes Tonight Josephine\"\" and \"\"Just Walkin' in the Rain\"\" by Johnnie Ray; \"\"Chances Are\"\" and \"\"It's Not for Me to Say\"\" by Johnny Mathis; \"\"A White Sport Coat\"\" and \"\"The Hanging Tree\"\" by Marty Robbins; \"\"Moonlight Gambler\"\" by Frankie Laine;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17417997", "chunk_text": "\"Put On Your White Sombrero\"\nPut On Your White Sombrero \"\"Put On Your White Sombrero\"\" is a song by the Swedish pop group ABBA, recorded during sessions for the band's 1980 album \"\"Super Trouper\"\". It had the working titles \"\"\"\"Spansk II\"\"\"\", \"\"\"\"Pig Party On Mallorca\"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\"Padre\"\"\"\". Although recorded in Polar Studios in September 1980, the song did not make it to the final track list of the album. Despite having completed the track, the group's two songwriters Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus, believing that it would not make a strong single, decided to shelve it in favour of the album's title track. As a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7282202", "chunk_text": "\"Mark Barkan\"\nMark Barkan Mark Barkan (born 1934) is an American songwriter and record producer. He was also a musical director for the television show \"\"The Banana Splits Adventure Hour\"\", which aired between September 7, 1968, and December 13, 1969, lasting two seasons, on NBC. He has written numerous songs, including Lesley Gore's Top 5 hit \"\"She's a Fool\"\"; the often-covered \"\"Pretty Flamingo\"\", which was a hit single for Manfred Mann in 1966; \"\"I'm Gonna Be Warm This Winter\"\", which was a hit for Connie Francis in 1963; and \"\"The Tra La La Song (One Banana, Two Banana)\"\" from \"\"The Banana Splits\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17306389", "chunk_text": "\"Any Dream Will Do (song)\"\nnumber one hit in Ireland in 1974. The song was voted Broadway Song of the Year in 1981 and won an Ivor Novello Award in 1991. The song was performed by Jason Donovan, Donny Osmond and Lee Mead at the Concert for Diana on 1 July 2007. It was notably parodied by Irish radio personality Mario Rosenstock in 2005 as \"\"José and his Amazing Technicolor Overcoat\"\", a send-up of then-Chelsea F.C. manager José Mourinho. It was also parodied by a musical duo Amateur Transplants on their first album \"\"Fitness to Practice\"\" as \"\"Mr Burton\"\". In 1991, the song was released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9903530", "chunk_text": "\"John Du Prez\"\nand remained with them throughout their most successful years. He appeared on their debut album \"\"Adventures in Clubland\"\" (1981) and on two further albums: \"\"Trick of the Light\"\" (1983) and \"\"Party Tonight\"\" (1983). He is probably best remembered as playing the trumpet solo on the Modern Romance cover version of Cherry Pink (and Apple Blossom White) which made the UK top twenty in 1982. The B-side to \"\"Cherry Pink ...\"\" is dedicated to Du Prez, a (nearly) instrumental track titled \"\"Who Is John Du Prez?\"\". Modern Romance scored seven further Top Forty hits before disbanding in 1985, including \"\"Best Years", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2877401", "chunk_text": "\"Barry White\"\nThe show \"\"Counting Cars\"\" paid tribute to White by restoring the last car he owned for his widow, Glodean. In an obituary affectionately referring to White by his familiar nickname, 'The Walrus of Love,' the BBC recalled \"\"the rich timbres of one of the most distinctive soul voices of his generation, about which it was once said: 'If chocolate fudge cake could sing, it would sound like Barry White.'\"\". Barry White Barry Eugene Carter (September 12, 1944 – July 4, 2003), better known by his stage name Barry White, was an American singer-songwriter, musician, record producer and composer. A three-time", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13640678", "chunk_text": "\"Carmen Lombardo\"\nCarmen Lombardo Carmen Lombardo (July 16, 1903 – April 17, 1971) was the younger brother of bandleader Guy Lombardo. He was a vocalist and composer. Lombardo was born in London, Ontario, Canada. As a child, he took flute lessons, and later learned to play saxophone. Lombardo's compositions included the 1928 classic \"\"Sweethearts on Parade\"\", which was number one for three weeks in 1929 on the U.S. pop charts, \"\"Ridin' Around in the Rain\"\", written with Gene Austin in 1934, the jazz and pop standards \"\"Coquette\"\", \"\"Boo Hoo\"\", and \"\"Some Rainy Day\"\", and \"\"Powder Your Face With Sunshine (Smile, Smile, Smile)\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3831817", "chunk_text": "\"Bobby Vinton\"\nBobby Vinton Stanley Robert Vinton, Jr. (born April 16, 1935), known professionally as Bobby Vinton, is an American singer and songwriter. In pop music circles, he became known as \"\"The Polish Prince\"\", as his music pays tribute to his Polish heritage. Known for his angelic vocals in love songs, his most popular song, \"\"Blue Velvet\"\" (a cover of Tony Bennett's 1951 song), reached No.1 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 in 1963, and made No.2 in the UK in 1990. It also served as inspiration for the film of the same name. Vinton is the only child of locally popular bandleader", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15872117", "chunk_text": "\"Sports Car (album)\"\nSports Car (album) Sports Car is the second album by the British singer-songwriter Judie Tzuke, released in 1980. The album peaked at no.7 in the UK, Tzuke's only Top Ten record and highest ever chart position. It was certified Silver in 1981 by the British Phonographic Industry for sales in excess of 60,000 copies. Initially released on vinyl album and cassette by The Rocket Record Company, \"\"Sports Car\"\" was reissued on CD in 2000 by Tzuke's own record company, Big Moon Records. All tracks composed by Judie Tzuke and Mike Paxman, except \"\"Rain on the Hills\"\" by Tzuke, Paxman and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6647206", "chunk_text": "\"The Great Filling Station Holdup\"\nThe Great Filling Station Holdup \"\"The Great Filling Station Hold Up\"\" is a song written and performed by American popular music singer-songwriter Jimmy Buffett. It was first released on his 1973 album \"\"A White Sport Coat and a Pink Crustacean\"\" and was his first single from that album. The single reached #58 on the US Country chart in 1973. The song appears on \"\"Live at Fenway Park\"\", a live album that opened with an acoustic set consisting of \"\"Changes in Latitudes, Changes in Attitudes\"\", \"\"The Great Filling Station Holdup\"\" and \"\"Pencil Thin Mustache\"\". The album also includes all songs from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14878964", "chunk_text": "\"Chet Powers\"\nChet Powers Chester William \"\"Chet\"\" Powers, Jr. (October 7, 1937 – November 16, 1994) was an American singer-songwriter, and the lead singer of the rock group Quicksilver Messenger Service. He was also known by the stage name Dino Valenti (alternatively rendered as Dino Valente) and, as a songwriter, as Jesse Oris Farrow. He is best known for writing the quintessential 1960s love-and-peace anthem \"\"Let's Get Together.\"\" Before serving in the United States Air Force and playing in the coffeehouses of Boston and Provincetown, Massachusetts, Powers had already performed as \"\"Dino Valenti\"\" with small rock bands in New England lounges. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8080003", "chunk_text": "\"The Man in the Raincoat (song)\"\nof Priscilla Wright and Marion Marlowe's versions, and No. 11 on \"\"Cash Box\"\"s chart of \"\"The Nation's Top Ten Juke Box Tunes\"\". The song also reached No. 11 on \"\"Billboard\"\"s Honor Roll of Hits. The song was ranked No. 50 on \"\"Billboard\"\"s ranking of \"\"1955's Top Tunes\"\", based on the Honor Roll of Hits. In 1967, Claudine Longet released a version of the song as the B-side of \"\"Small Talk\"\" and on the album \"\"The Look of Love\"\". The Man in the Raincoat (song) \"\"The Man in the Raincoat\"\" is a song written by Warwick Webster, which was first released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8484286", "chunk_text": "\"He Went to Paris\"\nHe Went to Paris \"\"He Went to Paris\"\" is a song written and performed by American singer-songwriter Jimmy Buffett. It was first released on his 1973 album \"\"A White Sport Coat and a Pink Crustacean\"\" and was his fourth and final single from that album. Although it never placed on the charts, it's become one of his most popular songs, having appeared on several of his greatest hits compilations. Buffett wrote the song about musician Eddie Balchowsky, a one-armed Spanish Civil War veteran he met while playing in Chicago. On the live album \"\"You Had to Be There\"\", Buffett mentions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13502292", "chunk_text": "\"Top Hat, White Tie and Tails\"\nTop Hat, White Tie and Tails \"\"Top Hat, White Tie and Tails\"\" is a popular song written by Irving Berlin for the 1935 film \"\"Top Hat\"\", where it was introduced by Fred Astaire. The song title refers to the formal wear required on a party invitation: top hat, white tie, and a tailcoat. The popular Norwegian meteorologist Kristian Trægde sang the song (and step-danced to it) on the TV show \"\"Skjemtegauken\"\", in 1968. In 1977 ballet dancer Rudolf Nureyev sang the song on \"\"The Muppet Show\"\", complete with tap dancing. In another episode, Gonzo tap danced to the song as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17815401", "chunk_text": "\"Buddy Pepper\"\nthe top ranked tune of 1953, \"\"The Song From Moulin Rouge\"\" placed first among best-selling records and those most played on the radio, and therefore is often named as the number one song of 1953. \"\"Vaya\"\" has been recorded more than 500 times by many artists, including acclaimed singers Gene Autry, Nat King Cole, Bing Crosby, and Mel Tormé, among others. In 1954, Marge and Gower Champion debuted a ballroom dance called the Champion Strut, and the music that accompanied it was composed by Pepper, while the lyrics were written by Robert Wells, who co-wrote the popular \"\"The Christmas Song.\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16335441", "chunk_text": "\"Grapefruit—Juicy Fruit\"\nGrapefruit—Juicy Fruit \"\"Grapefruit—Juicy Fruit\"\" is a song written and performed by American popular music singer-songwriter Jimmy Buffett. It was first released on his 1973 album \"\"A White Sport Coat and a Pink Crustacean\"\" and was his third single from that album. The single reached #23 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Easy Listening chart in September 1973. The song appears on \"\"Songs You Know By Heart\"\", a greatest hits compilation that includes Buffett's concert favorites ranging from 1973 to 1979. It is played very frequently in concert, but is not a concert staple. Buffett wrote the song in Key West, Florida at a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_386	cast of the have and have nots play?	n/a	[ "Tony Hightower as Frank", "Palmer Williams Jr. as Floyd", "Maurice Lauchner as Lewis", "Jeffery Lewis as Wallie", "Alexis Jones as Diane", "Kislyck Halsey as Rose", "Patrice Lovely as Hattie" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13220712", "chunk_text": "\"The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series)\"\nThe Haves and the Have Nots (TV series) The Haves and the Have Nots is an American crime drama and soap opera created, executive produced, written, and directed by Tyler Perry. The premise of the series is based on Perry's 2011 play \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\". The show premiered on May 28, 2013 on the Oprah Winfrey Network. It is the first scripted television series to air on the network. Both the show's first and second episodes aired back-to-back on its premiere night. Each episode is one hour long. \"\"Variety\"\" has recognized \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18807662", "chunk_text": "\"Aaron O'Connell\"\nAaron O'Connell Aaron John O'Connell (born April 8, 1986) is an American model and actor. O'Connell is best known for his portrayal of Wyatt Cryer in the prime time television drama \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\" which airs on the Oprah Winfrey Network. O'Connell is the only son of Mark O'Connell, a former player for the Cincinnati Bengals and Kathryn Deeble O'Connell. He has three sisters, Amy, Abby and Anna. He graduated from Cathedral High School in 2004 where he played football, basketball and baseball. As a child, his maternal grandfather Wayne taught him how to play the piano.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4262560", "chunk_text": "\"Tyler Lepley\"\nTyler Lepley Tyler Lepley (born March 24, 1987) is an American actor, best known for his portrayal of Benjamin \"\"Benny\"\" Young on the Tyler Perry produced \"\"The Have and the Have Nots\"\"; which is the first scripted television series to air on the Oprah Winfrey Network. Lepley was born and raised in Philadelphia by his mother and stepfather, who has been in his life since the age of 6. Lepley is Italian on his mother's side and Jamaican on his biological father's side. Lepley revealed that he was teased as a child because he was the only black kid in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14023829", "chunk_text": "\"Danielle Deadwyler\"\nDanielle Deadwyler Danielle Deadwyler is an American actress and writer. She is starring as LaQuita \"\"Quita\"\" Maxwell in Tyler Perry’s primetime soap opera, \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\". Deadwyler was born in Atlanta, Georgia, and raised in Southwest Atlanta. She received a Master’s of Arts in American Studies from Columbia University. Deadwyler began her career appearing on stage productions, include \"\"Charlotte's Web\"\", \"\"The Real Tweenagers of Atlanta\"\", and \"\"For Colored Girls\"\". She received positive reviews for leading performance in Alliance Theatre’s \"\"The C.A. Lyons Project\"\". She made her film debut playing the leading role in the 2012 drama \"\"A", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11063923", "chunk_text": "\"Allison McAtee\"\nAllison McAtee Allison McAtee (born September 24, 1985) is an American actress, best known for her role as Maggie Day in the Oprah Winfrey Network primetime soap opera, \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\" and was promoted to the main cast in the fourth season. McAtee was born September 24, 1985 in Erie, Pennsylvania, and grew up in Edinboro. She holds a BA degree in Theater Arts from the University of Pittsburgh School of Arts and Sciences. McAtee began her career appearing on stage productions Off-Broadway in NYC, before making her television debut on the ABC daytime soap opera, \"\"One", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "650513", "chunk_text": "\"Jaclyn Betham\"\nJaclyn Betham Jaclyn Michelle Betham (born July 4, 1986) is an American actress and ballet dancer. She is best known for her role as Amanda Cryer on the television series \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\". Betham is originally from Long Beach, California and is of Samoan, Irish, German, Mexican, and English descent. As a child, Betham was a gymnast before she began ballet dancing at age 12. She trained with Ballet San Jose before receiving a full scholarship into the Houston Ballet at age 15. Betham went on to perform with Ballet San Jose, Anaheim Ballet, Opera San Jose,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1470055", "chunk_text": "\"Nicholas James (actor)\"\nNicholas James (actor) Nicholas James (born Nicholas James Muscarella and additionally variously credited as Nick James or Nicholas J. Muscarella) is an American actor. James is known for his recurring role (beginning in 2016) as Officer Justin Lewis in the Tyler Perry-created OWN series \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\" (Season 3 – Season 5, in 63 episodes as of July 2018) as well as for appearances in \"\"Prom Night\"\" (2008) and \"\"\"\" (2014). His earliest credited film appearance was in \"\"\"\" in 2006. Additionally, James has appeared in television commercials for Grupo Modelo and Walmart. Outside of acting, James", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13158082", "chunk_text": "\"The Haves and the Have Nots (play)\"\nhave. In doing so, Louis experiences firsthand the power and the beauty of a family’s love. The play was very loosely adapted into a television series on the Oprah Winfrey Network. Apart from featuring the lives of a wealthy family and poor-class one, the series is significantly different from the play featuring entirely new characters and situations. It premiered on May 28, 2013. \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\" released on DVD July 9, 2013 along with \"\"\"\". The Haves and the Have Nots (play) The story follows the life of a wealthy family that has everything they need and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18782657", "chunk_text": "\"Have Nots\"\nHave Nots The Have Nots are a Ska punk band from Boston, Massachusetts, consisting of Jon Cauztik (guitar, vocals), Matt Pruitt (guitar, vocals), Jameson Hollis (bass), and Steve Patton (drums). The band was formed in 2006, combining members of local bands Chicago Typewriter and Stray Bullets. Before ever releasing an album they played shows with Boston ska legends such as The Mighty Mighty Bosstones and Big D and The Kids Table. The band originally released a demo before recording their full-length debut album, 2009's \"\"Serf City USA\"\". Initially a self-release, the album caught the attention of Vinnie Fiorello of Paper", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14802575", "chunk_text": "\"Crystal R. Fox\"\nin the play, \"\"Blues for an Alabama Sky\"\". In 2013, Fox was cast in the Oprah Winfrey Network prime time soap opera, \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\" produced by Tyler Perry. She plays the leading role of Hanna Young, the single mother who works as the rich family's maid and also serves as the best friend and confidante of the lady of the house, Katheryn Cryer (played by Renee Lawless). The series also stars Tika Sumpter, Angela Robinson, and John Schneider. Fox has received positive reviews for her performance in the show. In 2018, Fox was cast in a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4569887", "chunk_text": "\"Nicholas James (actor)\"\ninclude the extreme sports skydiving and surfing as well as standup paddleboarding, snorkelling, hiking, animals and exotic teas. Since 2016, James has been in a relationship with his \"\"Haves and the Have Nots\"\" co-star Tika Sumpter. He is reported to be two years her junior, making him 36 in 2018. James's paternity was kept secret by Sumpter amid press speculation while she was pregnant with their child. Their daughter, Ella-Loren, was born October 8, 2016. \"\"(credited as Nicholas James, except where indicated)\"\" \"\"(credited as Nicholas James, except where indicated)\"\" Nicholas James (actor) Nicholas James (born Nicholas James Muscarella and additionally", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "650515", "chunk_text": "\"Jaclyn Betham\"\n\"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\". In 2012, Betham married actor and musician Lane Toran Caudell. Jaclyn Betham Jaclyn Michelle Betham (born July 4, 1986) is an American actress and ballet dancer. She is best known for her role as Amanda Cryer on the television series \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\". Betham is originally from Long Beach, California and is of Samoan, Irish, German, Mexican, and English descent. As a child, Betham was a gymnast before she began ballet dancing at age 12. She trained with Ballet San Jose before receiving a full scholarship into the Houston Ballet at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13158074", "chunk_text": "\"The Haves and the Have Nots (play)\"\nThe Haves and the Have Nots (play) The story follows the life of a wealthy family that has everything they need and most of what they want. The characters are often preoccupied with superficial things, until they are forced to become involved with their housekeeper. When the poverty-stricken maid is forced to ask for help, the family gets a chance to see how the other half lives. While coming to the rescue of the needy, it soon becomes painfully clear, who is really in need of saving. Our story opens very early on a Monday morning, at the home of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7341225", "chunk_text": "\"Porsha Ferguson\"\nof Zena. She also starred in \"\"Soul Ties\"\" and in episodes of TV One’s series \"\"Justice: By Any Means\"\" as Detective Johanna Phillips and Investigation Discovery series \"\"Homicide Hunter\"\" as Kathy Crow. Porsha Ferguson Porsha Ferguson (born November 8, 1989) is an African-American actress. She is known for her role Zena on \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\" and has also appeared in feature films including \"\"Free in Deed\"\", \"\"Breathe\"\", \"\"Closet Space\"\", and \"\"The Last Punch\"\". She has starred in the film \"\"Soul Ties\"\" and episodes of TV One’s channel \"\"Fatal Attraction\"\", \"\"Justice By Any Means\"\" and the Investigation Discovery", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12076040", "chunk_text": "\"To Have and Have Not (film)\"\nTo Have and Have Not (film) To Have and Have Not is a 1944 American romance-war-adventure film directed by Howard Hawks, loosely based on Ernest Hemingway's 1937 novel of the same name; however, the story was altered for the film. It stars Humphrey Bogart, Walter Brennan and Lauren Bacall in her film debut; it also features Dolores Moran, Hoagy Carmichael, Sheldon Leonard, Dan Seymour, and Marcel Dalio. The plot centers on the romance between a freelancing fisherman in Martinique and a beautiful American drifter which is complicated by the growing French resistance in Vichy France. Ernest Hemingway and Howard Hawks", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13158076", "chunk_text": "\"The Haves and the Have Nots (play)\"\ngiant, Louis Willis. After months of avoiding phone calls from the bank, Frank finally gets a break when Louis hires him to be a handyman at the Willis estate. Rose is elated that her prayers have finally been answered. Frank is cautiously optimistic, but excitedly prepares for his new job as a handyman. That morning at the Willis home, Floyd, the wise-cracking and feisty chef, played by Palmer Williams Jr., is hilariously negative about Rose allowing Frank to work for the wealthy couple. Floyd is convinced that Louis’ much younger wife, Diane, will snatch Frank right from under Rose’s nose.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13220721", "chunk_text": "\"The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series)\"\neveryone loves to hate\"\" and \"\"a bougie buppie, diabolical diva who slept her way to the top of Savannah's high society.\"\" In August 2015, the Broadway veteran actress playing the role, Angela Robinson, was dubbed by an NBC News article as \"\"Tyler Perry's breakout star\"\" from her role in \"\"The Haves and The Have Nots.\"\" Described in her on-air role as a \"\" villainess,\"\" she was hailed as \"\"slowly becoming a household name and gaining a cult-like following from the hit series.\"\" \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\" premiered on Tuesday, May 28, 2013, at 9/8c on the Oprah Winfrey", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1928785", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Parros\"\npolice drama \"\"Adam-12\"\", as Officer Gus Grant. In 1990–91, he played the recurring role of firefighter Eddie Cooper on the CBS comedy \"\"The Family Man\"\". Parros has made guest appearances on such TV shows as \"\"Charles in Charge\"\", \"\"\"\" and \"\"New York Undercover\"\". Peter Parros Peter Parros (born November 11, 1960 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American actor and screenwriter. His acting credits include stage, screen and television. Currently Parros portrays Judge David Harrington on Tyler Perry's The Haves and the Have Nots airing on the Oprah Winfrey Network, but he may be most recognized for his nearly decade-long", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13220719", "chunk_text": "\"The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series)\"\nAmerican; the poor family is also African American; in addition to this, there is a poor maid who's Hispanic. To that end, when Angela Robinson (the actress who plays Veronica Harrington) was interviewed about her new role on the series in late June 2013, she stated, \"\"This is one of the only shows on television with a diverse cast that looks like America: Black, White, Latino, straight, gay, rich, and poor.\"\" The characters are filled with experiences, typically of a serious and shocking nature, that they attempt to keep secret from one another; however, their secrets tend to dramatically come", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7341223", "chunk_text": "\"Porsha Ferguson\"\nPorsha Ferguson Porsha Ferguson (born November 8, 1989) is an African-American actress. She is known for her role Zena on \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\" and has also appeared in feature films including \"\"Free in Deed\"\", \"\"Breathe\"\", \"\"Closet Space\"\", and \"\"The Last Punch\"\". She has starred in the film \"\"Soul Ties\"\" and episodes of TV One’s channel \"\"Fatal Attraction\"\", \"\"Justice By Any Means\"\" and the Investigation Discovery series, \"\"Homicide Hunter\"\". Ferguson first appeared on the VH1 series \"\"Single Ladies\"\". In 2014 she made her major acting debut on TV One's series, \"\"Fatal Attraction\"\" following performances in several independent films.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1928782", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Parros\"\nPeter Parros Peter Parros (born November 11, 1960 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American actor and screenwriter. His acting credits include stage, screen and television. Currently Parros portrays Judge David Harrington on Tyler Perry's The Haves and the Have Nots airing on the Oprah Winfrey Network, but he may be most recognized for his nearly decade-long portrayal of Dr. Ben Harris on the CBS soap \"\"As the World Turns.\"\" Peter Parros was born in Brooklyn, New York, but grew up in Los Angeles and Salt Lake City. He became interested in acting and the film industry after holding a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14987455", "chunk_text": "\"Eva Tamargo\"\nEva Tamargo Eva Tamargo (born December 24, 1960) is an American actress, best known for her roles as Pilar Lopez-Fitzgerald on the NBC daytime soap opera \"\"Passions\"\" (1999—2008), and as Celine Gonzales in the Oprah Winfrey Network primetime soap opera \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\". Tamargo was born in Brooklyn, New York, to Cuban immigrants. She was married to Michael Lemus from 1985 to 2003 and is sometimes credited as \"\"Eva Tamargo Lemus\"\". She is the daughter of the Cuban journalist Agustin Tamargo and Rosalba Nápoles. She has two children, Matthew and Gabriella. From 1999 to 2008 Tamargo played", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13758216", "chunk_text": "\"Angela Robinson (actress)\"\nbegan acting career on the stage, appearing on Broadway and Off-Broadway productions. On Broadway, she performed in \"\"The Color Purple\"\", and later appeared in the national touring production. Robinson also performed on the national tours of \"\"Dreamgirls\"\" and \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\". On television, she appeared in the episode \"\"Contagious\"\" of \"\"\"\" in 2005. In 2013, Robinson began starring as Veronica Harrington in the Oprah Winfrey Network primetime soap opera, \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\" produced by Tyler Perry. In 2015, she received Gracie Award for Outstanding Female Actor- One to Watch. Angela Robinson (actress) Angela Robinson is an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17063900", "chunk_text": "\"Gavin Houston\"\nGavin Houston Gavin Alexander Houston (born December 10, 1977) is an American actor. As of 2013, Houston began starring as a series regular in the role of Jeffrey Harrington on the Oprah Winfrey Network primetime television soap opera, \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\". He is also known for role as Remy Boudreau on the CBS daytime soap opera \"\"Guiding Light\"\" (2002-2006). Houston is the son of Lloyd and Colette Houston. He has an older sister named Tonza. Houston also has a daughter. After graduating from the University of Florida, Houston studied at the Manhattan Theatre Club. He began his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12076082", "chunk_text": "\"To Have and Have Not (film)\"\nto 1952, Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall participated in a weekly, half-hour radio adventure series called \"\"Bold Venture\"\", intended to be a spin-off of \"\"To Have and Have Not\"\". \"\"Bacall to Arms\"\", is a 1946 Looney Tunes short, spoofing scenes from \"\"To Have and Have Not\"\", and featuring \"\"Bogey Gocart\"\" and \"\"Laurie Becool\"\". It is included as a Special Feature on the DVD release of \"\"To Have and Have Not\"\". Notes Bibliography To Have and Have Not (film) To Have and Have Not is a 1944 American romance-war-adventure film directed by Howard Hawks, loosely based on Ernest Hemingway's 1937 novel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10409554", "chunk_text": "\"The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series)\"\nOWN's history, and also came in first among all of cable television and number 4 among all shows on television for the night it aired. The mid-season premiere aired on May 27, 2014. The third season of the series premiered on January 6, 2015. The second half premiered on June 30, 2015. The fourth season of the series premiered on January 5, 2016 and the second half premiered on June 21, 2016 and aired through September 6, 2016. The fifth season premiered on January 3, 2017 and ended with the mid-season finale on March 14, 2017. On January 30, 2017,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10409557", "chunk_text": "\"The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series)\"\nYoung family (dubbed \"\"The Have Nots\"\"). The Young family is headed by Hanna, a single mother who works as the Cryer family's maid and also serves as the best friend and confidante of the lady of the house, Katheryn. Included as part of \"\"The Have Nots\"\" is another maid of the Cryer family's, Celine Gonzales. While the Young family versus the Cryer and Harrington families lead polar opposite lifestyles in terms of social class, economics, social status, and surroundings, they are each similar in that they lead exceedingly dysfunctional lifestyles. Each of the three families experience similarly overwhelming hardships and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2214318", "chunk_text": "\"Have Nots\"\nThe album was produced by Teen Idols drummer Matt Drastic, and engineered by Descendents guitarist Stephen Egerton. In 2013, Matt Pruitt became the new guitarist for Street Dogs. Have Nots The Have Nots are a Ska punk band from Boston, Massachusetts, consisting of Jon Cauztik (guitar, vocals), Matt Pruitt (guitar, vocals), Jameson Hollis (bass), and Steve Patton (drums). The band was formed in 2006, combining members of local bands Chicago Typewriter and Stray Bullets. Before ever releasing an album they played shows with Boston ska legends such as The Mighty Mighty Bosstones and Big D and The Kids Table. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12015839", "chunk_text": "\"Eva Tamargo\"\nand the Have Nots\"\". Eva Tamargo Eva Tamargo (born December 24, 1960) is an American actress, best known for her roles as Pilar Lopez-Fitzgerald on the NBC daytime soap opera \"\"Passions\"\" (1999—2008), and as Celine Gonzales in the Oprah Winfrey Network primetime soap opera \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\". Tamargo was born in Brooklyn, New York, to Cuban immigrants. She was married to Michael Lemus from 1985 to 2003 and is sometimes credited as \"\"Eva Tamargo Lemus\"\". She is the daughter of the Cuban journalist Agustin Tamargo and Rosalba Nápoles. She has two children, Matthew and Gabriella. From 1999", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12636941", "chunk_text": "\"Danielle Deadwyler\"\nCross to Bear\"\" directed by Travon Potts. In 2015, Deadwyler had guest starring role in the second season of BET drama series, \"\"Being Mary Jane\"\". Later that year, she joined the cast of The Haves and the Have Nots\"\" playing LaQuita \"\"Quita\"\" Maxwell. Danielle Deadwyler Danielle Deadwyler is an American actress and writer. She is starring as LaQuita \"\"Quita\"\" Maxwell in Tyler Perry’s primetime soap opera, \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\". Deadwyler was born in Atlanta, Georgia, and raised in Southwest Atlanta. She received a Master’s of Arts in American Studies from Columbia University. Deadwyler began her career appearing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13220722", "chunk_text": "\"The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series)\"\nNetwork. \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\" is the first scripted television series to air on OWN. Both the show's first and second episodes aired back to back on its premiere night. Each episode of the series runs for an hour (42 minutes plus commercials). \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\" set a record for OWN, scoring the highest ratings ever for a series premiere on the network. During the show's first season, \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\" received numerous widely publicized series highs in ratings, including with its July 30 episode, its August 6 episode, its August 13", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4496700", "chunk_text": "\"Gavin Houston\"\ncareer as a child actor appearing in commercials, and in an episode of \"\"The Cosby Show\"\". He had a recurring role on the ABC soap opera \"\"General Hospital\"\", also guest-starred on \"\"Wizards of Waverly Place\"\" and \"\"Without a Trace\"\". Gavin Houston Gavin Alexander Houston (born December 10, 1977) is an American actor. As of 2013, Houston began starring as a series regular in the role of Jeffrey Harrington on the Oprah Winfrey Network primetime television soap opera, \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\". He is also known for role as Remy Boudreau on the CBS daytime soap opera \"\"Guiding Light\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13220725", "chunk_text": "\"The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series)\"\n\"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\" premiered on Tuesday, January 7, 2014. Continuing on with its ratings records from season 1, the show debuted its 2nd season with series and network high ratings. Throughout season 2, the soap has achieved several more series highs. On February 4, 2014, for example, the drama series came in as the most watched television program in all of cable television with an estimated 3.4 million viewers. Among all of OWN programming since the network's January 2011 debut, only a March 2012 \"\"Oprah's Next Chapter\"\" interview with Bobbi Kristina has drawn more viewers (3.5 million)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13158079", "chunk_text": "\"The Haves and the Have Nots (play)\"\nworlds begin to spiral out of control. Hattie, an old woman who has survived a mountain of challenges, finds herself more afraid than she has ever been. Rose, the strong and virtuous matriarch of her family, stands firmly on her faith when she tells Hattie that she has to meet God for the first time. At the end of her rope, Hattie lifts her arms in a miraculous and desperate show of faith and power. It will take both of the women to battle the principalities coming against their family unit. Meanwhile, Frank is put in a treacherous situation when", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3899749", "chunk_text": "\"The Haves and the Have Nots (play)\"\nGrandma Hattie Mae. Hattie has allowed her daughter and son in law to move into her home with their son Wallie. The morning silence is broken by the ring of the telephone. Hattie is afraid to answer. The bank has given her three days to pay up the mortgage, or the struggling family will be evicted. Tensions are rising for Frank who feels responsible as the man of the house. Frank has been out of work for months, causing the family to be supported by the sole income of Rose who works as a maid for a wealthy real estate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4262563", "chunk_text": "\"Tyler Lepley\"\na personal trainer at Iron Fitness Gym in Santa Monica. About three months after he settled in Los Angeles, Lepley was discovered by a producer at a boxing gym who invited him to audition. From that meeting, he booked a lead role in an independent horror movie, \"\"Slumber Party Slaughter\"\". Lepley, reluctantly took his agent's advice to get serious about acting and enrolled in acting classes and he soon made appearances in CBS's \"\"\"\" and The CW's \"\"90210\"\". In 2013, he booked the role of Benny on Tyler Perry's \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\" after a four month long", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13758215", "chunk_text": "\"Angela Robinson (actress)\"\nAngela Robinson (actress) Angela Robinson is an American actress and singer. She is best known for her role as Beverly Cramer on the ABC soap opera \"\"One Life to Live\"\". In 2013, she began playing the role of Veronica Harrington in the Oprah Winfrey Network primetime soap opera, \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\". Robinson was born and raised in Jacksonville, Florida. She graduated from William M. Raines High School in Jacksonville and Florida A&M University in Tallahassee, Florida. While in college, she won the crown of Miss Florida A&M University. She moved to New York City in 1992 and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13158078", "chunk_text": "\"The Haves and the Have Nots (play)\"\nRose discovers that her honor-roll son has decided to walk a different path. Frank and Wallie finally face off when Frank overhears his son lashing out about how Frank is a sorry husband and father. Wallie has learned on the streets that all men have a side hustle, and are always able to support their families. It is a bitter pill to swallow when Frank realizes that his son has lost respect for him, and blames him for the family’s impending doom. It is under these circumstances that the struggling family will have to pray for a miracle when their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18807665", "chunk_text": "\"Aaron O'Connell\"\ncommercials, including the \"\"Liquid-Plumr\"\" where he caught the eye of Tyler Perry. O'Connell initially thought it was joke when he was contacted by Perry's production company about auditioning for a role in a new television series. Perry contacted O'Connell himself and asked him to audition over Skype. Perry then traveled to Los Angeles to meet with O'Connell about the role of Wyatt on \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\". O'Connell was actually the first of the ensemble to be cast. In 2015, he starred in the seasonal comedy for Hallmark Channel \"\"12 Gifts of Christmas\"\" as Marc Rehnquist, a company", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12076045", "chunk_text": "\"To Have and Have Not (film)\"\nwanderer who has recently arrived in Martinique. An accomplished singer, she sings \"\"How Little We Know\"\" with pianist Cricket (Hoagy Carmichael) in the hotel bar. Harry's current charter client, Johnson (Walter Sande), owes Harry $825. Johnson insists he hasn't enough ready money, but promises to get the funds when the banks open the next day. In the hotel bar, Harry notices Slim pick Johnson's pocket and he later forces her to hand over the wallet. On inspection the wallet is found to contain $1,400 in traveler's cheques and a plane ticket for early the next morning (before the banks are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15882508", "chunk_text": "\"PlayMakers Repertory Company\"\nCurns, Gregory DeCandia, Kelsey Didion, Jorge Donoso, Ray Dooley, John Dreher, Lenore Field, Julie Fishell, Matt Garner, Julia Gibson, Matthew Greer, Lucas Griffin, William Hughes, Kathryn Hunter-Williams, Rasool Jahan, Nilan Johnson, Schuyler Scott Mastain, Thomasi McDonald, Randa McNamara, Jeffrey Meanza, Marianne Miller, Matthew Ellis Murphy, J. Alphonse Nicholson, Paul O'Brien, Katie Paxton, Kashif Powell, Jason Powers, Charlie Robinson, Jessica Sorgi, Caroline Strange, Allen Tedder, Ray Anthony Thomas, Jeremy Webb, Michael Winters, Arielle Yoder Libby Appel, Vivienne Benesch, Desdemona Chiang, Mike Donahue, Michael Dove, Brendon Fox, Wendy C. Goldberg, Joseph Haj, Kathryn Hunter-Williams, Shishir Kurup, Davis McCallum, Rob Melrose, Jen Wineman", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13504909", "chunk_text": "\"Maria Howell\"\nin 2012, she was cast in recurring role of NBC post-apocalyptic series \"\"Revolution\"\" as Grace Beaumont, and in 2013 played Ida Hayes in Lifetime comedy-drama \"\"Devious Maids\"\". 2017 The Have and the Have Nots Melissa’s mother Maria Howell Wanda Maria Howell is an American actress and singer. Howell was born in Gastonia, North Carolina and graduated Winston-Salem State University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. She worked as jazz singer and made her film debut in \"\"The Color Purple\"\" (1985). She lived in Okinawa, Japan, from 1995-2001. She made guest appearances on \"\"Drop Dead Diva\"\", \"\"Army Wives\"\", \"\"The Game\"\", \"\"Necessary Roughness\"\", and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10140208", "chunk_text": "\"Geoffrey Owens\"\na ten-episode role in \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\". Owens also booked a guest-starring role on \"\"\"\" and supporting roles in the films \"\"Fatale\"\" and \"\"Hide and Seek\"\"'. Owens is the founder and artistic director of The Brooklyn Shakespeare Company. He has taught acting and Shakespeare at Columbia University, Yale, the Adult School of Montclair and Pace University. In addition to developing his own private Shakespeare workshop, he has been a guest teacher at universities, theaters, studios and high schools in the New York metropolitan area. He has also served as a judge for the National Shakespeare Competition semi-finals", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10409556", "chunk_text": "\"The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series)\"\nAugust 14, 2018. On September 11, 2018, OWN announced the fourth half of the season, which premiered on October 2, 2018, on October 9, 2018, OWN announced the countdown to the season 6 finale, set to air November 6, 2018. The series has been renewed for a seventh season which is now filming. The seventh season is set to premiere on January 8, 2019. The series follows three families and their lifestyles as they intersect with one another in Savannah, Georgia: the rich, powerful, and locally very public Cryer and Harrington families (dubbed \"\"The Haves\"\") and the poor and destitute", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20762433", "chunk_text": "\"Lauren Bacall\"\nJuly 4, 1961, the couple drove all the way to Ensenada, Mexico, where they wed. The couple divorced in 1969. According to Bacall's autobiography, she divorced Robards mainly because of his alcoholism. Bacall had two children with Bogart and one with Robards. Son Stephen Humphrey Bogart (born January 6, 1949) is a news producer, documentary film maker, and author named after Bogart's character in \"\"To Have and Have Not\"\". Their daughter Leslie Howard Bogart (born August 23, 1952) is named for actor Leslie Howard. A nurse and yoga instructor, she is married to Erich Schiffmann. In his 1995 memoir, Stephen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12076044", "chunk_text": "\"To Have and Have Not (film)\"\nhis fishing boat to tourists, along with his unofficial mate Eddie (Walter Brennan). Eddie is Harry's close friend and one time trusted co-worker, but he has of late become an alcoholic. The island is a tinder-box of dissent, harboring many people sympathetic to Free France. At his hotel home, hotel owner Gérard (Marcel Dalio) (known as \"\"Frenchy\"\" to English speakers) urges Harry to help the French Resistance by smuggling some people off the island. Harry steadfastly refuses, choosing to keep aloof from the current political situation. Also at the hotel, he meets Marie (\"\"Slim\"\") Browning (Lauren Bacall), a young American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15645190", "chunk_text": "\"Crystal R. Fox\"\nCrystal R. Fox Crystal R. Fox (born October 14, 1965) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for her roles as Luann Corbin in the NBC/CBS police drama series \"\"In the Heat of the Night\"\" (1989-1995), and as Hanna Young in the Oprah Winfrey Network prime time soap opera, \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\" (2013–present). Fox was born in Tryon, North Carolina. She made her big screen debut playing Katie Bell in the Academy Award-winning comedy-drama film \"\"Driving Miss Daisy\"\" (1989) starring Morgan Freeman and Jessica Tandy. She later joined the cast of NBC police drama", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13842981", "chunk_text": "\"Rome Flynn\"\nFlynn was on set filming when his daughter was born. In May 2015, Flynn joined the cast of \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\" in the role of Zende. In November 2016, Flynn announced that he had been cast in the film adaptation of Gretchen McNeil's novel \"\"TEN\"\" opposite China Anne McClain. In 2017, Flynn guest starred in episodes of the CBS crime dramas \"\"\"\" and \"\"MacGyver\"\". Flynn later joined the cast of OWN's \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\". On August 17, 2017, Flynn announced on social media that he had chosen to leave \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\" after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18850869", "chunk_text": "\"Tisha Terrasini Banker\"\nSoleil\"\" (recurring role) in \"\"Duck Dodgers\"\". She is married to Mark Philip Banker, a screenwriter; they currently reside in Los Angeles. She is also a sister of the Theta Phi Alpha fraternity. Tisha Terrasini Banker Tisha Terrasini Banker is an American actress. Born Natisha Lopez-Cepero on September 30, 1973 in St. Louis, Missouri, she attended St. Joseph's Academy and Loyola University New Orleans, where she earned her B.A. She received her MFA from DePaul University. She has appeared in numerous plays in various cities, including \"\"The Idiot Box\"\", \"\"Because They Have No Words\"\", \"\"The Book of Liz\"\", \"\"Midsummer Night's Dream\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15645194", "chunk_text": "\"Crystal R. Fox\"\nseries regular role for the second season of HBO drama series \"\"Big Little Lies\"\" as Zoë Kravitz’s character mother Elizabeth Howard. Crystal R. Fox Crystal R. Fox (born October 14, 1965) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for her roles as Luann Corbin in the NBC/CBS police drama series \"\"In the Heat of the Night\"\" (1989-1995), and as Hanna Young in the Oprah Winfrey Network prime time soap opera, \"\"The Haves and the Have Nots\"\" (2013–present). Fox was born in Tryon, North Carolina. She made her big screen debut playing Katie Bell in the Academy Award-winning", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_387	who wrote shes always a woman to me?	n/a	[ "Billy Joel", "Joel" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16251919", "chunk_text": "\"She's Always a Woman\"\nShe's Always a Woman \"\"She's Always a Woman\"\" is a song from Billy Joel's 1977 album \"\"The Stranger\"\". It is a love song about a modern woman who the singer has fallen totally in love with to the extent of falling for her endearing quirks as well as her flaws. The single peaked at #17 in the U.S. in 1977, and at #53 in the UK in 1986, when it was released as a double A-side with \"\"Just the Way You Are\"\". It re-entered the UK chart in 2010, reaching #29. A Muzak version of the track by Frank Chacksfield", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16251920", "chunk_text": "\"She's Always a Woman\"\nOrchestra is known to be one of the last songs played over the loudspeakers at the former World Trade Center complex before its collapse. The song is played in the compound time signature of 6/8. The song was released in 1977, following several other hits from \"\"The Stranger\"\" including \"\"Just the Way You Are\"\", \"\"Movin' Out (Anthony's Song)\"\" and \"\"Only the Good Die Young\"\". Musically, Joel has said that he was influenced by Gordon Lightfoot and his mellow acoustic guitar ballads. It is a love song that Joel wrote for his then wife, Elizabeth Weber. Elizabeth had taken over management", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6470235", "chunk_text": "\"She's Always a Woman\"\nthe single climbed 85 places to #14, marking Dangerfield's most successful single to date. On May 16, 2010, the single climbed 7 places to a current peak of #7 before falling to #9 in its second week within the Top 10. She's Always a Woman \"\"She's Always a Woman\"\" is a song from Billy Joel's 1977 album \"\"The Stranger\"\". It is a love song about a modern woman who the singer has fallen totally in love with to the extent of falling for her endearing quirks as well as her flaws. The single peaked at #17 in the U.S. in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16251921", "chunk_text": "\"She's Always a Woman\"\nof Joel's career, and was able to put his financial affairs in order after Joel had signed some bad deals and contracts. She was a tough and savvy negotiator who could \"\"wound with her eyes\"\" or \"\"steal like a thief\"\", but would \"\"never give in\"\". Because of her tough-as-nails negotiating style, many business adversaries thought she was \"\"unfeminine,\"\" but to Joel, she was always a woman. The two eventually divorced in 1982. Fyfe Dangerfield, lead singer of the band Guillemots, recorded a version of this song in 2010 which was used in an advertisement for the British department store John", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3034033", "chunk_text": "\"Euforia – Helen Sjöholm sjunger Billy Joel\"\nlyrics. Apparently, Sjöholm came across the Billy Joel song She's Always A Woman sometime in early 2010, while thinking about a new album. Being a favourite of hers, she started listening to more Billy Joel songs and discovered one song after another that she liked. Eventually, in the spring of 2010, she developed the album project together with Martin Östergren, Georg \"\"Jojje\"\" Wadenius, producer Gunnar Nordén and Tomas Andersson Wij, who was asked to write the Swedish lyrics for all titles. Upon its release in November 2010, the album immediately entered the Swedish Albums Chart and peaked at number six", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16483008", "chunk_text": "\"She's Every Woman\"\nShe's Every Woman \"\"She's Every Woman\"\" is a song written by Victoria Shaw and Garth Brooks, and recorded by Brooks. It was released in August 1995 as the first single from the album \"\"Fresh Horses\"\". It was a Number One hit on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts in October 1995, becoming his 14th Number One on that chart. Brooks wrote the song with Victoria Shaw, with whom he had also written a previous Number One hit, 1992's \"\"The River\"\". The song, like \"\"The River\"\", had sat unrecorded for several years before it was recorded. 7\"\" Jukebox single", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "572557", "chunk_text": "\"Always (Irving Berlin song)\"\nAlways (Irving Berlin song) \"\"Always\"\" is a popular song written by Irving Berlin in 1925, as a wedding gift for his wife Ellin McKay, whom he married in 1926, and to whom he presented the substantial royalties. Although legend (and Groucho Marx) claims Berlin wrote the song \"\"Always\"\" for \"\"The Cocoanuts\"\", he never meant for the song to be included in the play. Hit versions have also been recorded by such diverse artists as Benny Goodman, Charlie Barnet, Tony Bennett, Patsy Cline, Billie Holiday, Ella Fitzgerald, Bill Evans, Billy Corgan, Leonard Cohen, Phil Collins, Machito and The Ink Spots. Billy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11229478", "chunk_text": "\"I'm a Woman (song)\"\nI'm a Woman (song) The song \"\"I'm a Woman\"\" was written by famed songwriting duo Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller, and was first recorded in 1962 by Christine Kittrell. It was recorded and released as a single later that year by Peggy Lee, reaching number 54 on U.S. pop charts. It was also the title song to Lee's 1963 album \"\"I'm a Woman\"\", and appeared on her subsequent albums \"\"In Love Again!\"\" (1964) and \"\"Is That All There Is?\"\" (1969). It has been covered many times, including two covers by Maria Muldaur; first with Jim Kweskin's Jug Band in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8674055", "chunk_text": "\"I'm a Woman (song)\"\nin an episode of \"\"Ally McBeal\"\", as sung by Jane Krakowski, Vonda Shepard, and Lisa Nicole Carson, was based. The song, with modified lyrics, was used in Enjoli perfume commercials of the 1970s. In 2013, Jennifer Love Hewitt released a new version of the song to promote her Lifetime TV show \"\"The Client List\"\". The video reached the top 10 in the iTunes Music Video chart. I'm a Woman (song) The song \"\"I'm a Woman\"\" was written by famed songwriting duo Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller, and was first recorded in 1962 by Christine Kittrell. It was recorded and released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16251922", "chunk_text": "\"She's Always a Woman\"\nLewis. Subsequently, the Billy Joel original re-entered the UK singles chart at number 29 on May 1, 2010. On May 1, 2010, a new version of the advert aired; which shows more of the song cover. In the annual ITV poll for 2010 advert of the year; \"\"John Lewis - She's always a Woman\"\" ranked fourth. The advert has been viewed on YouTube over 570,000 times (collectively from the top 3 results) since it aired on TV. \"\"She's Always a Woman\"\" debuted on the UK Singles Chart on May 2, 2010 at #99. On its second week in the chart,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18844761", "chunk_text": "\"I'm Every Woman\"\nI'm Every Woman \"\"I'm Every Woman\"\" is a song by American singer Chaka Khan from her debut solo studio album \"\"Chaka\"\" (1978). It was Khan's first hit outside her recordings with the funk band Rufus. \"\"I'm Every Woman\"\" was produced by Arif Mardin and written by the successful songwriting team Nickolas Ashford and Valerie Simpson. The single established Chaka's career outside the group Rufus, whom she would leave after their eighth studio album \"\"Masterjam\"\" was released in late 1979. The track was remixed and re-released in 1989 for Khan's remix album \"\"\"\"; this mix reached number 8 in the United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8266208", "chunk_text": "\"I Am Woman\"\nI Am Woman \"\"I Am Woman\"\" is a song written by Australian-American artist Helen Reddy and singer-songwriter Ray Burton. Performed by Reddy, the first recording of \"\"I Am Woman\"\" appeared on her debut album \"\"I Don't Know How to Love Him\"\", released in May 1971, and was heard during the closing credits for the 1972 film \"\"Stand Up and Be Counted\"\". A new recording of the song was released as a single in May 1972 and became a number one hit later that year, eventually selling over one million copies. The song came near the apex of the counterculture era", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18600055", "chunk_text": "\"She's a Lady\"\nShe's a Lady \"\"She's a Lady\"\" is a million-selling gold-certified hit song written by Paul Anka and was released on his album \"\"Paul Anka '70s\"\" (RCA 4309, 1970). The most successful recording was performed by Tom Jones, and released at the beginning of 1971. It is Jones' highest-charting single in the U.S. to date (and his final Billboard Top Ten hit). \"\"She's a Lady\"\" hit #1 in Cash Box magazine for a week and spending one week at #2 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart, behind Me and Bobby McGee by Janis Joplin. The song was also a #4 hit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4962669", "chunk_text": "\"Portrait (Lynda Carter album)\"\nPortrait (Lynda Carter album) Portrait is the first album by the American actress Lynda Carter. It was released in 1978 on vinyl LP, 8-track and cassette as well as a limited edition picture LP. Carter co-wrote three of the songs: \"\"Want to Get Beside You,\"\" \"\"Fantasy Man\"\" and \"\"Toto (Don't It Feel Like Paradise)\"\". The album also included the cover songs \"\"She's Always a Woman\"\" by Billy Joel and \"\"Just One Look\"\" by Doris Troy. Promotional singles were released for \"\"All Night Song\"\" and \"\"Toto (Don't It Feel Like Paradise).\"\" Two of the songs were featured in and performed by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17806750", "chunk_text": "\"She's a Woman\"\nShe's a Woman \"\"She's a Woman\"\" is a song by the Beatles, written mainly by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon–McCartney. John Lennon contributed to the lyrics and middle eight (the bridge). The song was finished in the studio the morning of the session. It was released as the B-side to \"\"I Feel Fine\"\" in 1964, their last single release that year. It reached number 4 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 from frequent airplay. In New Zealand, the song reached number one for one week. The song was featured in the movie Help! (1965). \"\"She's a Woman\"\" has been described", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16483011", "chunk_text": "\"She's Every Woman\"\n\"\"I'm Not Strong Enough to Say No\"\" on the 6th, and Jason McCoy's \"\"Learning a Lot About Love\"\" on the 13th. She's Every Woman \"\"She's Every Woman\"\" is a song written by Victoria Shaw and Garth Brooks, and recorded by Brooks. It was released in August 1995 as the first single from the album \"\"Fresh Horses\"\". It was a Number One hit on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts in October 1995, becoming his 14th Number One on that chart. Brooks wrote the song with Victoria Shaw, with whom he had also written a previous Number One hit,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12923425", "chunk_text": "\"Never Be Your Woman\"\nNever Be Your Woman \"\"Never Be Your Woman\"\" is a song recorded by British record producer Naughty Boy, featuring lead vocals from British rapper Wiley and British singer and songwriter Emeli Sandé. It was released on 28 February 2010 by Relentless Records (Virgin Records) and samples White Town's 1997 number-one single \"\"Your Woman\"\", which in turn features a trumpet line taken from \"\"My Woman\"\" by Al Bowlly. It is included as a bonus track on Naughty Boy's debut album, \"\"Hotel Cabana\"\" (2013). Fraser McAlpine of BBC Chart Blog gave the song a positive review stating: In these globally conscious times", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12981869", "chunk_text": "\"Blink (company)\"\naccompanied by Fyfe Dangerfield's cover of Billy Joel's \"\"She's Always A Woman\"\". The advert follows a woman through her life, from her birth through school, marriage, having children and becoming a grandmother. A key factor to the advert's popularity is its emotional impact on viewers. Craig Inglis, John Lewis' director of marketing, said \"\"we have been overwhelmed by the volume of responses and how deeply it has affected people. The numerous letters and emails we have received...suggests we have captured the mood of the nation\"\".<ref name=\"\"The Sun/John Lewis\"\"></ref> A week after the advert first aired on television, The Guardian newspaper", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12228004", "chunk_text": "\"Still a Woman\"\nimage as a traditionally-oriented country performer. She would later call her 1979 career shift a \"\"mistake\"\". According to Bufwack and Oermann, \"\"Still a Woman\"\" is to date country music's \"\"biggest all-time hit asserting the dignity and sexuality of the middle-aged woman.\"\" Still a Woman \"\"Still a Woman\"\" was a song co-written and released as a single by American country artist Margo Smith. It was one of several top ten country hits Smith would enjoy during the late 1970s. The song was the first single released from her 1979 album entitled \"\"A Woman\"\". \"\"Still a Woman\"\" signified Smith's transition towards a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12228000", "chunk_text": "\"Still a Woman\"\nStill a Woman \"\"Still a Woman\"\" was a song co-written and released as a single by American country artist Margo Smith. It was one of several top ten country hits Smith would enjoy during the late 1970s. The song was the first single released from her 1979 album entitled \"\"A Woman\"\". \"\"Still a Woman\"\" signified Smith's transition towards a sexually-charged persona. It has also been considered one of country music's first songs to characterize the point of view of a middle-aged woman. \"\"Still a Woman\"\" was co-written by Margo Smith, and also with Mack David and Norro Wilson. The latter", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16843323", "chunk_text": "\"She's the Woman\"\nShe's the Woman \"\"She's the Woman\"\" is the second song and single from the album, \"\"A Different Kind of Truth\"\", from American hard rock band Van Halen. The single was released online and to radio stations February 28, 2012. The song dates back to a demo written in 1976. A version of it was on the demo produced by Gene Simmons that landed Van Halen a record deal with Warner Bros. Records. In 2009, bassist Wolfgang Van Halen, son of guitarist Eddie Van Halen, picked up the tapes for the song from the 5150 Studios archives looking for tracks to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6097111", "chunk_text": "\"I'm a One-Woman Man\"\nI'm a One-Woman Man \"\"(I'm a) One-Woman Man\"\" is a song co-written by American country music artist Johnny Horton and Tillman Franks. It was originally released as a single by Horton in 1956, whose version peaked at number 7 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Singles chart. The song was twice recorded by American country music artist George Jones: first released on the album \"\"The Crown Prince of Country Music\"\" retitled \"\"One Woman Man\"\" in 1960, and later as \"\"I'm a One Woman Man\"\" released in November 1988 as the first single from his album \"\"One Woman Man\"\". It peaked at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19392987", "chunk_text": "\"Claude Demetrius\"\nBlack musical film \"\"Beware\"\" in which Jordan had the starring role. Some of Demetrius' best-known compositions from that era were co-written with Jordan's wife, Fleecie Moore, including the song \"\"Ain't That Just Like a Woman (They'll Do It Every Time).\"\" For two decades, Claude Demetrius made a reasonably good living but in 1956 his income would change dramatically after he began writing for Gladys Music, Inc.. Newly formed by Jean and Julian Aberbach, the company owned the exclusive publishing rights to the music of Elvis Presley. Working for Gladys Music, Demetrius co-wrote a song called \"\"I Was The One\"\" that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1793080", "chunk_text": "\"What She Is (Is a Woman in Love)\"\nWhat She Is (Is a Woman in Love) \"\"What She Is (Is a Woman in Love)\"\" is a song written by Bob McDill and Paul Harrison and recorded by American country music artist Earl Thomas Conley. It was released in February 1988 as the lead single from the album, \"\"The Heart of It All\"\". The song was Earl Thomas Conley's fifteenth number one on the country chart. The single went to number one for one week and spent a total of thirteen weeks on the country chart. \"\"What She Is (Is a Woman in Love)\"\" debuted on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4522136", "chunk_text": "\"The Stranger (album)\"\nLiberty Devitto, who reportedly said to Joel \"\"Why are you singing like that? The closest you've been to Jamaica was the Long Island Rail Road!\"\" Ramone suggested that the song be played as a straight-four piece while Devitto played a shuffle beat, a proposition which Joel found he enjoyed the sound of despite the concept initially seeming \"\"odd and clunky.\"\" The song featured guitar playing by Hugh McCraken, a famous session player who Ramone brought in. \"\"She's Always a Woman\"\", like \"\"Just the Way You Are,\"\" was written about Elizabeth Weber, described by Joel as \"\"a commentary on women in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4461673", "chunk_text": "\"Always on My Mind\"\nAlways on My Mind \"\"Always on My Mind\"\" is a song by Johnny Christopher, Mark James, and Wayne Carson, recorded first by B.J. Thomas in 1969, then Gwen McCrae (as \"\"You Were Always on My Mind\"\") and Brenda Lee in 1972. The song has been a crossover hit, charting in both the country and western and pop categories. AllMusic lists over 300 recorded releases of the song in versions by dozens of performers. While Brenda Lee's version had stalled at number 45 on the country charts in 1972, other performers reached the top 20 in the United States and elsewhere", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5291597", "chunk_text": "\"I'm Every Woman\"\nan instrumental rendition used as the theme song. \"\"Girls Aloud\"\" covered \"\"I'm Every Woman\"\" on the UK Discomania album released in 2004. In 2006, it was recorded in the fifth season of \"\"American Idol\"\" by Mandisa, and put on the album \"\"\"\". From 2012–13, the song was covered by Heather Headley in The Bodyguard Musical. Country pop singer and songwriter Taylor Swift also recorded the song when she was trying to get a record label. I'm Every Woman \"\"I'm Every Woman\"\" is a song by American singer Chaka Khan from her debut solo studio album \"\"Chaka\"\" (1978). It was Khan's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2273046", "chunk_text": "\"She's All the World to Me\"\nShe's All the World to Me She's All The World To Me is a short early novel by Hall Caine published in 1885 by Harper & Brothers. The novel was the first of Caine's works to be set on the Isle of Man and it centered on themes that would become integral to his later novels: a love triangle, secret mounting sins and eventual redemption. It was published only in America due to copyright problems, but Caine was subsequently able to reuse a great deal of its material in later novels, notably in \"\"The Deemster\"\". Danny Fayle, a young fisherman", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3676773", "chunk_text": "\"Always (Erasure song)\"\nAlways (Erasure song) \"\"Always\"\" is a synthpop ballad by British group Erasure. It was released in 1994 as the first single from their sixth studio album \"\"I Say I Say I Say\"\". Mute Records issued the single in the UK, while Elektra Records released it in the U.S. \"\"Always\"\" was written by Erasure members Vince Clarke and Andy Bell, and is produced by Martyn Ware. The song is built on the synthesized harmony of Clarke and Bell's subdued vocals and lyrics. The song's chorus is in 17/4 time signature. The song quickly became Erasure's 13th Top 10 on the UK", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17425120", "chunk_text": "\"I'm Just a Woman\"\nI'm Just a Woman \"\"I'm Just a Woman\"\" is a song by Welsh singer Bonnie Tyler, released as a single from her 1980 album \"\"Goodbye to the Island\"\" by RCA Records. It was written by Tyler's at-the-time managers Ronnie Scott and Steve Wolfe. The B-side was the Spanish version of her previous single \"\"Sitting on the Edge of the Ocean\"\", titled \"\"Sola a la Orilla del Mar\"\". The song failed to chart worldwide, featuring on the last album Tyler released with RCA Records, and the second-to-last single from that era of her career. After the release of her album \"\"Diamond", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4506458", "chunk_text": "\"Woman to Woman (Joe Cocker song)\"\nWoman to Woman (Joe Cocker song) \"\"Woman to Woman\"\" is a song written by Joe Cocker and Chris Stainton. It was released on Cocker's 1972 album \"\"Joe Cocker\"\" (December 1972) and reached the top in the singles chart of Spain. It has been recorded by other artists. It has also been heavily sampled in hip hop, for example in \"\"Funky\"\" by Ultramagnetic MCs (1987), \"\"Knick Knack Patty Wack\"\" by EPMD (1989), \"\"Blast From the Past\"\" by Ultramagnetic MC's (1992), \"\"New Jack Swing II\"\" by Wreckx-N-Effect, \"\"California Love\"\" by 2Pac featuring Dr. Dre and Roger Troutman (1995), \"\"Honey\"\" by Moby (1999),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15662100", "chunk_text": "\"When a Man Loves a Woman (song)\"\nWhen a Man Loves a Woman (song) \"\"When a Man Loves a Woman\"\" is a song written by Calvin Lewis and Andrew Wright and first recorded by Percy Sledge in 1966 at Norala Sound Studio in Sheffield, Alabama. It made number one on both the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and R&B singles charts. Singer and actress Bette Midler recorded the song 14 years later and had a Top 40 hit with her version in 1980. In 1991, Michael Bolton recorded the song and his version peaked at number one on both the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart and the \"\"Billboard\"\" Adult Contemporary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13892733", "chunk_text": "\"I Am Woman\"\nreleased by ABC Music for Judith Lucy's TV series \"\"Judith Lucy Is All Woman\"\" with numerous Australian female artists; Deborah Conway, Ella Hooper, Vika and Linda Bull, Kylie Auldist, Bertie Blackman, Liz Stringer, Lisa Miller, Jen Cloher, Monique Brumby, Angie Hart, Justine Clarke, Rebecca Barnard, Evelyn Morris, Antonia Sellbach & Karla Way. In 2018, musical group Pink Martini released their version of the song featuring singers Storm Large and China Forbes. I Am Woman \"\"I Am Woman\"\" is a song written by Australian-American artist Helen Reddy and singer-songwriter Ray Burton. Performed by Reddy, the first recording of \"\"I Am Woman\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15033170", "chunk_text": "\"I Love You Always Forever\"\nI Love You Always Forever \"\"I Love You Always Forever\"\" is a song recorded by Welsh singer Donna Lewis from her debut album, \"\"Now in a Minute\"\" (1996). Written by Lewis, and produced by Lewis and Kevin Killen, it was released as the album's lead single in the US on 14 May 1996 and in the UK on 22 August 1996. Inspired by H. E. Bates' novel \"\"Love for Lydia\"\", \"\"I Love You Always Forever\"\" is a pop song in which the singer declares her endless love for her significant other. The song was a commercial hit, peaking at number", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "951971", "chunk_text": "\"I'm a Woman (song)\"\nmid-1960s, then again as a solo performer in 1974. The latter reached number 12 on U.S. pop charts, and was Muldaur's only hit other than her signature song \"\"Midnight at the Oasis\"\". Other well-known versions include Bette Midler's from her Peggy Lee tribute album \"\"Bette Midler Sings the Peggy Lee Songbook\"\"; a duet by Raquel Welch and Miss Piggy from the former's appearance on \"\"The Muppet Show\"\", with Raquel spelling the first two letters from the word \"\"Woman\"\" (W O) while Miss Piggy ended it with the letters \"\"P I G\"\"; and two performances by Melinda Doolittle on season 6", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13569623", "chunk_text": "\"Karla Bonoff\"\nstudio albums and a live album between 1995 and 2002. Bonoff continues to tour throughout the US and Japan. With Bryndle Karla Bonoff Karla Bonoff (born December 27, 1951) is an American singer-songwriter, primarily known for her songwriting. As a songwriter, Bonoff's songs have been interpreted by other artists such as \"\"Home\"\" by Bonnie Raitt, \"\"Tell Me Why\"\" by Wynonna Judd, and \"\"Isn't It Always Love\"\" by Lynn Anderson. Linda Ronstadt has recorded a number of her songs, notably three tracks on the 1976 album \"\"Hasten Down the Wind\"\" (\"\"Someone To Lay Down Beside Me\"\", \"\"Lose Again\"\" and \"\"If He's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17466760", "chunk_text": "\"She Never Lets It Go to Her Heart\"\nShe Never Lets It Go to Her Heart \"\"She Never Lets It Go to Her Heart\"\" is a song written by Chris Waters and Tom Shapiro, and performed by American country music artist Tim McGraw. It was released in June 1996 as the fourth single from McGraw's \"\"All I Want\"\" album. The song reached Number One on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts. The single edit to \"\"She Never Lets It Go to Her Heart,\"\" released for retail sale and radio airplay, features an alternate vocal track by McGraw that is slightly different from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4506459", "chunk_text": "\"Woman to Woman (Joe Cocker song)\"\n\"\"Astro Black\"\" by Quasimoto (2000), \"\"He's Unbelievable\"\" by Sarah Connor (October 29, 2002), and \"\"We Keep It Rockin'\"\" by Maino featuring Swizz Beatz, Jadakiss, Jim Jones and Joell Ortiz (2010). It was also included in the soundtrack for the popular video game \"\"\"\", on the '' radio station, where Tommy \"\"The Nightmare\"\" Smith (Axl Rose) introduces the song with the words, \"\"I think you're gonna love this record...or you would if you were man enough.\"\" Woman to Woman (Joe Cocker song) \"\"Woman to Woman\"\" is a song written by Joe Cocker and Chris Stainton. It was released on Cocker's 1972", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20692958", "chunk_text": "\"Paul Anka\"\nPaul Anka Paul Albert Anka, (, Arabic: بول عنقا; born July 30, 1941) is a Canadian singer, songwriter and actor. Anka became famous during the late 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s with hit songs like \"\"Diana\"\", \"\"Lonely Boy\"\", \"\"Put Your Head on My Shoulder\"\", and \"\"(You're) Having My Baby\"\". He wrote such well-known music as the theme for \"\"The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson\"\" and one of Tom Jones's biggest hits, \"\"She's a Lady\"\". He also wrote the English lyrics to Claude François and Jacques Revaux's music for Frank Sinatra's signature song, \"\"My Way\"\", which has been covered by many, including", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7209536", "chunk_text": "\"David J. Skorton\"\nplanning mode where we talk with each other on campus and listen to those who have been here like alumni and management experts. We try to do the best job we can of conceptualizing how to do things in a better, up-to-date way. On December 2, 2011, Skorton accompanied Billy Joel on flute, during Joel's rendition of \"\"She's Always a Woman\"\" at a concert at Cornell University's Bailey Hall. On September 30, 2010, at the same location, he accompanied Wynton Marsalis and the Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra. In 2011, Skorton led Cornell's effort to build a new applied sciences", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3034034", "chunk_text": "\"Euforia – Helen Sjöholm sjunger Billy Joel\"\non December 3. During its 18-week chart run, the album also received a Gold disc in the end of December. To promote the album, the song \"\"\"\"Kvinnan för dig\"\"\"\" (originally titled She's Always A Woman) was released to radio and a promo clip for television was produced by Universal Music Sweden. In early 2011, Sjöholm went on tour and played 16 dates in Sweden. List of musicians that contributed to the recordings of Euforia: Euforia – Helen Sjöholm sjunger Billy Joel Euforia - Helen Sjöholm sjunger Billy Joel (Helen Sjöholm sings Billy Joel) is an album by Swedish singer and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10134827", "chunk_text": "\"Fyfe Dangerfield\"\nplayed a ten-date tour of England in January–February 2012. Dangerfield released the album \"\"Fly Yellow Moon\"\" under his own name on 18 January 2010. The album's first track \"\"When You Walk in the Room\"\" was the single of the week on iTunes in the week starting 15 March 2010. A TV commercial for the British chain store John Lewis, first broadcast in April 2010, features Dangerfield singing the Billy Joel song \"\"She's Always a Woman\"\". In 2011, a portrait of Dangerfield was painted by British artist Joe Simpson, the painting was exhibited around the UK including a solo exhibition at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "802521", "chunk_text": "\"Always Be My Baby\"\nAlways Be My Baby \"\"Always Be My Baby\"\" is a song by American singer Mariah Carey from her fifth studio album \"\"Daydream\"\" (1995). It was released by Columbia Records on March 9, 1996 as the third US single and fourth overall. The song was written by Carey, Jermaine Dupri and Manuel Seal. A mid-tempo song, its lyrics describe the feeling of attachment and unity the singer feels towards her estranged lover, even though they are no longer together, she says he will always be a part of her and will \"\"always be her baby\"\" even after they move on. Music", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6284469", "chunk_text": "\"I Am a Woman\"\nI Am a Woman I Am a Woman is a lesbian pulp fiction novel written in 1959 by Ann Bannon (pseudonym of Ann Weldy). It is the second in a series of pulp fiction novels that eventually came to be known as The Beebo Brinker Chronicles. It was originally published in 1959 by Gold Medal Books, again in 1983 by Naiad Press, and again in 2002 by Cleis Press. Its original title with Gold Medal Books was \"\"I Am a Woman In Love With A Woman Must Society Reject Me?\"\" Bannon wanted the title to be \"\"Strangers in this World\"\"(from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16483010", "chunk_text": "\"She's Every Woman\"\nThe first of these two weeks was October 16, 1995. One week later, the song fell to number two, with Shania Twain's \"\"The Woman in Me (Needs the Man in You)\"\" taking over the number 1 spot. On the 30th, \"\"She's Every Woman\"\" fell to number four, also holding the number four position on the November 6th charts and moving up to number three on the 13th. Finally, by the 20th, \"\"She's Every Woman\"\" returned to number 1, with three other Number One songs in between its two weeks at the top: Twain's song on the 23rd and 30th, BlackHawk's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18381533", "chunk_text": "\"Always Breaking My Heart\"\nAlways Breaking My Heart \"\"Always Breaking My Heart\"\" is the second single from Belinda Carlisle's \"\"A Woman and a Man\"\" album, released in 1996 (see 1996 in music). It made the UK Top 10, peaking at number eight, and just reached the Australian Top 50. The song was written by Per Gessle from Roxette, and a demo of the song recorded by Gessle was later released as a B-side of his single \"\"Do You Wanna Be My Baby?\"\", as well as the 2009 reissue of \"\"Crash! Boom! Bang!\"\" (1994). The music video was directed by Philippe Gautier. CD 1 CD", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16755909", "chunk_text": "\"Her Name Is\"\nHer Name Is \"\"Her Name Is\"\" is a country song written by Bobby Braddock and made famous by George Jones. It reached No. 3 on the Hot Country Songs in 1976. The song's electric clavinet solo was played by Nashville session musician Hargus \"\"Pig\"\" Robbins. Part of the song's success may have been that fans assumed George was singing about ex-wife Tammy Wynette; indeed, in the liner notes to the Jones retrospective \"\"Anniversary – 10 Years of Hits\"\", producer Billy Sherrill confirms that song was \"\"about Tammy.\"\" In his 1995 memoir, Jones wryly remarked, \"\"The public believed I was singing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20692981", "chunk_text": "\"Paul Anka\"\nand Brian Mulroney. Works cited Paul Anka Paul Albert Anka, (, Arabic: بول عنقا; born July 30, 1941) is a Canadian singer, songwriter and actor. Anka became famous during the late 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s with hit songs like \"\"Diana\"\", \"\"Lonely Boy\"\", \"\"Put Your Head on My Shoulder\"\", and \"\"(You're) Having My Baby\"\". He wrote such well-known music as the theme for \"\"The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson\"\" and one of Tom Jones's biggest hits, \"\"She's a Lady\"\". He also wrote the English lyrics to Claude François and Jacques Revaux's music for Frank Sinatra's signature song, \"\"My Way\"\", which has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10560425", "chunk_text": "\"(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman\"\n(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman \"\"(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman\"\" is a 1967 single released by American soul singer Aretha Franklin on the Atlantic label. The song was co-written by Carole King and Gerry Goffin, with input from Atlantic producer Jerry Wexler. Written for Franklin, the record was a big hit reaching number 8 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, and became one of her signature songs. It made history in the UK singles chart a week after her death, finally becoming a hit almost 51 years after it was first released entering at #79.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13914258", "chunk_text": "\"If You Were a Woman (And I Was a Man)\"\nIf You Were a Woman (And I Was a Man) \"\"If You Were a Woman (And I Was a Man)\"\" is a song recorded by Bonnie Tyler for her 1986 rock album \"\"Secret Dreams and Forbidden Fire\"\". It was written by Desmond Child and produced by Jim Steinman. Child has since stated that the song was re-written as \"\"You Give Love a Bad Name\"\" for Bon Jovi after he was dissatisfied with \"\"If You Were a Woman (And I Was a Man)\"\"'s chart success. Tyler re-recorded the song on her 2004 album \"\"Simply Believe\"\". The song was successful in Europe,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_388	what is the largest city in the united states per square mile?	n/a	[ "Sitka" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6224965", "chunk_text": "\"Urban area\"\noverall density of at least 500 people per square mile (193 per square kilometer)\"\". The largest urban area in the United States is the New York metropolitan area. The population of New York City, the core of the metropolitan area, exceeds 8.5 million people, its metropolitan statistical area has a population that is over 20 million, and its combined statistical area population is over 23 million. The next six largest urban areas in the U.S. are Los Angeles, Chicago, Miami, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and Houston. About 82 percent of the population of the United States lives within the boundaries of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9265883", "chunk_text": "Mile\nof latitude. The German geographical mile () was previously ° of latitude (7.4127 km). Cities in the continental United States often have streets laid out by miles. Detroit, Indianapolis, Chicago, Phoenix, Philadelphia, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, and Miami, are several examples. Typically the largest streets are about a mile apart, with others at smaller intervals. In the Manhattan borough of New York City \"\"streets\"\" are close to 20 per mile, while the major numbered \"\"avenues\"\" are about six per mile. (Centerline to centerline, 42nd Street to 22nd Street is supposed to be 5250 feet while 42nd Street to 62nd Street", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7612762", "chunk_text": "\"Miles City, Montana\"\nFlight 1, which caught fire and crashed shortly after takeoff in January, 1939. Miles City is located at (46.408460, -105.840093), at an altitude of 2369 feet (722 m). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land. Miles City experiences a semi-arid climate (Köppen \"\"BSk\"\") with long, cold, dry winters and hot, wetter summers. The city holds the record for the highest mean sea level pressure in the contiguous United States with a reading of 31.42 inHg (1064 mb) on December 24, 1983. \"\"Guinness World Records\"\" reports that the largest natural snowflake", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17396390", "chunk_text": "\"Greater Los Angeles\"\nwhole had a population density of , covering of land area. Los Angeles' sprawl may originate in the region's decentralized structure. Its major commercial, financial, and cultural institutions are geographically dispersed rather than being concentrated in a single downtown or central area. Also, the population density of Los Angeles proper is low (approximately 8,100 people per square mile) when compared to some other large American cities such as New York (27,500), San Francisco (17,000), Boston (13,300), and Chicago (11,800). Densities are particularly high within a 5-mile radius of downtown, where some neighborhoods exceed 20,000 people per square mile. What gives", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20624767", "chunk_text": "\"Square mile\"\nderived by dividing the total number of residents by the number of square miles of land area in the specified geographic area. The population per square kilometer is derived by multiplying the population per square mile by 0.3861. Land area measurements are originally recorded as whole square meters. Square meters are converted to square kilometers by dividing by 1,000,000; square kilometers are converted to square miles by dividing by 2.58999; square meters are converted to square miles by dividing by 2,589,988. Square mile The square mile (abbreviated as sq mi and sometimes as mi²) is an imperial and US unit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11652841", "chunk_text": "Texas\nthere was no change in population between 2009 and 2014. Texas's population density is 90.5 people per square mile (34.9/km) which is slightly higher than the average population density of the U.S. as a whole, at 80.6 people per square mile (31.1/km). In contrast, while Texas and France are similarly sized geographically, the European country has a population density of 301.8 people per square mile (116.5/km). Two-thirds of all Texans live in a major metropolitan area such as Houston. The Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Area is the largest in Texas. While Houston is the largest city in Texas and the fourth", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9021165", "chunk_text": "\"Northeast megalopolis\"\nwell as many smaller urban centers such as Richmond and Norfolk, Virginia to the South and Portland, Maine to the North. On a map, the megalopolis appears almost as a straight line. As of 2010, the region contained over 50 million people, about 17% of the U.S. population on less than 2% of the nation's land area, with a population density of approximately 1,000 people per square mile (390 people/km), compared to the U.S. average of 80.5 per square mile (31 people/km). America 2050 projections expect the area to grow to 58.1 million people by 2025. French geographer Jean Gottmann", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6576440", "chunk_text": "\"City block\"\nin Manhattan is about ; and in some U.S. cities standard blocks are as wide as . The blocks in Calgary, Canada, are , while those in Edmonton, Canada are . The blocks in central Melbourne, Australia, are , formed by splitting the square blocks in an original grid with a narrow street down the middle. In Chicago, Illinois and Minneapolis, Minnesota, a typical city block is (w × h), meaning that 16 east-west blocks or 8 north-south blocks measure one mile. Many world cities have grown by accretion over time rather than being planned from the outset. For this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5463995", "chunk_text": "\"New York City\"\nNew York City The City of New York, often called New York City (NYC) or simply New York (NY), is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2017 population of 8,622,698 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States. Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass and one of the world's most populous megacities, with an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20612502", "chunk_text": "\"County (United States)\"\nAtoll, Kingman Reef, and Navassa Island. The remaining 3 islands in the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands have small non-permanent human populations. The least populous county-equivalent with a permanent human population is Swains Island, American Samoa (17 residents). The most densely populated county or county-equivalent is New York County, New York (coextensive with the New York City Borough of Manhattan), with 72,033 persons per square mile (27,812/km) in 2015. The Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska, is both the most extensive and the least densely populated county or county-equivalent with 0.0380 persons per square mile (0.0147/km) in 2015. In the 50 states (plus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14452137", "chunk_text": "\"United States\"\nUnited States The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions. At 3.8 million square miles (9.8 million km), the United States is the world's third- or fourth-largest country by total area and slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe's 3.9 million square miles (10.1 million km). With a population of over 325 million people, the U.S. is the third most populous country. The capital is Washington, D.C., and the largest city by population", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9515186", "chunk_text": "\"Economic history of the United States\"\npopulation. The average age was under 20, with children everywhere. The population grew from 5.3 million people in 1800, living on 865,000 square miles of land to 9.6 million in 1820 on 1,749,000 square miles. By 1840, the population had reached 17,069,000 on the same land. New Orleans and St. Louis joined the United States and grew rapidly; entirely new cities were begun at Pittsburgh, Marietta, Cincinnati, Louisville, Lexington, Nashville and points west. The coming of the steamboat after 1810 made upstream traffic economical on major rivers, especially the Hudson, Ohio, Mississippi, Illinois, Missouri, Tennessee, and Cumberland rivers. Historian Richard", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12296998", "chunk_text": "\"United States\"\nidentifying as LGBT, compared with 3.9% of men. The highest percentage came from the District of Columbia (10%), while the lowest state was North Dakota at 1.7%. About 82% of Americans live in urban areas (including suburbs); about half of those reside in cities with populations over 50,000. The U.S. has numerous clusters of cities known as megaregions, the largest being the Great Lakes Megalopolis followed by the Northeast Megalopolis and Southern California. In 2008, 273 incorporated municipalities had populations over 100,000, nine cities had more than one million residents, and four global cities had over two million (New York,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9021172", "chunk_text": "\"Northeast megalopolis\"\nand Boston. By 1850, New York and Philadelphia alone had over 300,000 residents, while Baltimore, Boston, Brooklyn (at that time a separate city from New York), Cincinnati, and New Orleans had over 100,000: five were within one 400-mile strip, while the last two were each four hundred miles away from the next closest metropolis. The immense concentration of people in one relatively densely packed area gave that region considerable sway through population density over the rest of the nation, which was solidified in 1800 when Washington, D.C., only 38 miles southwest of Baltimore, was made the capital. According to Gottmann,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1776990", "chunk_text": "Metropolis\nUnited States, an incorporated area or group of areas having a population more than 50,000 is required to have a metropolitan planning organization in order to facilitate major infrastructure projects and to ensure financial solvency. Thus, a population of 50,000 or greater has been used as a de facto standard to define a \"\"metropolis\"\" in the United States. A similar definition is used by the United States Census Bureau. The bureau defines a metropolitan statistical area as \"\"at least one urbanized area of 50,000 or more inhabitants.\"\" The ten largest metropolitan cities in the USA are New York City, Los", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12897531", "chunk_text": "\"Geography of the United States\"\nto the south and southwest, the Bering Strait to the west, and the Arctic Ocean to the north, while Hawaii lies far to the southwest of the mainland in the Pacific Ocean. Forty-eight of the states are in the single region between Canada and Mexico; this group is referred to, with varying precision and formality, as the \"\"continental\"\" or \"\"contiguous United States\"\", and as the \"\"Lower 48\"\". Alaska, which is not included in the term \"\"contiguous United States\"\", is at the northwestern end of North America, separated from the Lower 48 by Canada. The capital city, Washington, District of Columbia,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5029427", "chunk_text": "Manhattan\nsquare foot (US$17,104/m²), it broke the barely month-old record for an American office building of US$1,476 per square foot (US$15,887/m²) based on the sale of 660 Madison Avenue. In 2014, Manhattan was home to six of the top ten zip codes in the United States by median housing price. Manhattan had approximately 520 million square feet (48.1 million m²) of office space in 2013, making it the largest office market in the United States. Midtown Manhattan is the largest central business district in the nation based on office space, while Lower Manhattan is the third-largest (after Chicago's Loop). Manhattan is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3817866", "chunk_text": "\"Demographics of New York City\"\nYork's population will reach between 9.4 and 9.7 million by 2030. In 2000 the reported life expectancy of New Yorkers was above the national average. Life expectancy for females born in 2009 in New York City is 80.2 years and for males is 74.5 years. New York's two key demographic features are its density and diversity. The city has an extremely high population density of 26,403 people per square mile (10,194/km²), about 10,000 more people per square mile than the next densest large American city, San Francisco. Manhattan's population density is 66,940 people per square mile (25,846/km²). The city has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7397107", "chunk_text": "\"Northeast megalopolis\"\nNortheast megalopolis The Northeast megalopolis (also Boston–Washington corridor or Bos-Wash corridor), the second most populous megalopolis in the United States with over 50 million residents, is the most heavily urbanized agglomeration of the United States. Located primarily on the Atlantic Ocean in the Northeastern United States, with its lower terminus in the upper Southeast, it runs primarily northeast to southwest from the northern suburbs of Boston, Massachusetts, to the southern suburbs of Washington, D.C., in Northern Virginia. It includes the major cities of Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington, D.C., along with their metropolitan areas and suburbs, as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13986632", "chunk_text": "\"North America\"\nCity – Windsor Corridor, Golden Horseshoe – both of which are considered part of the Great Lakes Megaregion – and megalopolis of Central Mexico. Traditionally the largest megaregion has been considered the Boston-Washington, DC Corridor, or the Northeast, as the region is one massive contiguous area. Yet have allowed the Great Lakes Megalopolis to maintain status as the most populated region, being home to 53,768,125 people in 2000. The top ten largest North American metropolitan areas by population as of 2013, based on national census numbers from the United States and census estimates from Canada and Mexico. North America's GDP", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5029467", "chunk_text": "Manhattan\nper capita. Because of this, rent is a lower percentage of annual income than in several other American cities. Manhattan's real estate market for luxury housing continues to be among the most expensive in the world, and Manhattan residential property continues to have the highest sale price per square foot in the United States. Manhattan is unique in the U.S. for intense use of public transportation and lack of private car ownership. While 88% of Americans nationwide drive to their jobs, with only 5% using public transport, mass transit is the dominant form of travel for residents of Manhattan, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3166066", "chunk_text": "\"New York City\"\ncity. New York City's population is about 43% of New York State's population and about 36% of the population of the New York metropolitan area. In 2017, the city had an estimated population density of 28,491 people per square mile (11,000/km²), rendering it the most densely populated of all municipalities housing over 100,000 residents in the United States, with several small cities (of fewer than 100,000) in adjacent Hudson County, New Jersey having greater density, as per the 2010 Census. Geographically co-extensive with New York County, the borough of Manhattan's 2017 population density of makes it the highest of any", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5029342", "chunk_text": "Manhattan\nand is a world symbol of the United States and its ideals of liberty and peace. Manhattan became a borough during the consolidation of New York City in 1898. New York County is the United States' second-smallest county by land area (larger only than Kalawao County, Hawaii), and is also the most densely populated U.S. county. It is also one of the most densely populated areas in the world, with a census-estimated 2017 population of 1,664,727 living in a land area of , or 72,918 residents per square mile (28,154/km), higher than the density of any individual U.S. city. On", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7937141", "chunk_text": "\"Oklahoma City\"\ncity; and the largest, Lake Stanley Draper, in the city's sparsely populated far southeast portion. The population density normally reported for Oklahoma City using the area of its city limits can be misleading. Its urbanized zone covers roughly resulting in a density of 2,500 per square mile (2013 est), compared with larger rural watershed areas incorporated by the city, which cover the remaining of the city limits. Oklahoma City is one of the largest cities in the nation in compliance with the Clean Air Act. Oklahoma City neighborhoods are extremely varied; pin-neat affluent historic neighborhoods sit next to districts that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11783807", "chunk_text": "\"Davenport, Iowa\"\ncity. The population density was 1,566.5 people per square mile (604.8/km²). There were 41,350 housing units at an average density of 658.5 per square mile (254.3/km²). Davenport's population density is 30 times the average density of Iowa and 20 times the average density of the United States. However, it is about a third less than Des Moines and 20 percent less than Cedar Rapids, the only two cities in Iowa with higher populations than Davenport. Sioux City, the next city smaller than Davenport in population, has a density of 5 people more per square mile. The racial makeup of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "926167", "chunk_text": "\"New York City\"\nworldwide, promoting the exchange of ideas and innovation between their citizenry and policymakers. New York's \"\"historic sister cities\"\" are denoted below by the year they joined New York City's partnership network. New York City The City of New York, often called New York City (NYC) or simply New York (NY), is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2017 population of 8,622,698 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States. Located at the southern tip of the state of New York,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16259094", "chunk_text": "\"San Francisco\"\nborn, meaning these are people who recently immigrated to the United States. Between the years of 1990 and 2000, the number foreign born residents increased from 33% to nearly 40%, During this same time period, the San Francisco Metropolitan area received 850,000 immigrants, ranking third in the United States after Los Angeles and New York. Of all major cities in the United States, San Francisco has the second-highest percentage of residents with a college degree, behind only Seattle. Over 44% of adults have a bachelor's or higher degree. San Francisco had the highest rate at 7,031 per square mile, or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11773258", "chunk_text": "Denver\nincluding the airport. There were 285,797 housing units at an average density of 1,751 per square mile (676/km²). However, the average density throughout most Denver neighborhoods tends to be higher. Without the 80249 zip code (47.3 sq mi, 8,407 residents) near the airport, the average density increases to around 5,470 per square mile. Denver, Colorado, is at the top of the list of 2017 Best Places to Live, according to \"\"U.S. News & World Report\"\", landing a place in the top two in terms of affordability and quality of lifestyle. According to the 2010 United States Census, the racial composition", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3817858", "chunk_text": "\"Demographics of New York City\"\nin neighborhoods such as Flushing, Sunset Park, and Corona. New York City is the most populous city in the United States, with an estimated 8,491,079 people living in the city, according to U.S. Census estimates dating July 1, 2014 (up from 8,175,133 in 2010; 8.0 million in 2000; and 7.3 million in 1990). This amounts to about 40% of New York State's population and a similar percentage of the metropolitan regional population. New York's two key demographic features are its population density and cultural diversity. The city's population density of 26,403 people per square mile (10,194/km²), makes it the densest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5636665", "chunk_text": "\"Geography of the United States\"\nColorado, and the Sierra Nevada, near Lake Tahoe. In the east, the region near the Great Lakes and the mountains of the Northeast receive the most snowfall, although such snowfall levels do not near snowfall levels in the western United States. Along the northwestern Pacific coast, rainfall is greater than anywhere else in the continental U.S., with Quinault Rainforest in Washington having an average of . Hawaii receives even more, with measured annually in the Big Bog, in Maui. The Mojave Desert, in the southwest, is home to the driest locale in the U.S. Yuma, Arizona, has an average of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "926081", "chunk_text": "\"New York City\"\nNew York also leads in hedge fund management; private equity; and the monetary volume of mergers and acquisitions. Several investment banks and investment managers headquartered in Manhattan are important participants in other global financial centers. New York is also the principal commercial banking center of the United States. Many of the world's largest media conglomerates are also based in the city. Manhattan contained over 500 million square feet (46.5 million m) of office space in 2015, making it the largest office market in the United States, while Midtown Manhattan, with nearly 400 million square feet (37.2 million m) in 2015,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "418452", "chunk_text": "\"Commissioners' Plan of 1811\"\nwere onemile by onemile , and individual lots were . Cities such as Anchorage, Alaska; Erie, Pennsylvania; Miami, Florida; and Sacramento, California, all show the American preference for the grid. There was significant variation in the size of the grids used. Carson City, Nevada, may have the smallest at square and streets, while Salt Lake City, Utah, is much larger at square blocks surrounded by streets. The most popular appears to be the square block with streets that are wide. This size grid can be found in Anchorage; Bismarck, North Dakota; Missoula, Montana; Mobile, Alabama; Phoenix, Arizona; and Tulsa, Oklahoma.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10795157", "chunk_text": "\"Fort Worth, Texas\"\nplaced Fort Worth in the top 20 most populous cities (# 19) in the U.S. with the population at 604,538. Fort Worth is also in the top five cities with the largest numerical increase from July 1, 2003 to July 1, 2004, with 17,872 more people or a 3.1% increase. The population density was 1,827.8 people per square mile (705.7/km²). There were 211,035 housing units at an average density of 721.4 per square mile (278.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 59.69% White, 20.26% Black or African American, 0.59% Native American, 2.64% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 14.05% from other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3012367", "chunk_text": "\"Contiguous United States\"\nFlorida and the State of Washington); the greatest north-south line is 1,650 miles (2,660 km). Together, the 48 contiguous states and the District of Columbia occupy a combined area of . Of this area, is contiguous land, composing 83.65% of total U.S. land area, similar to the area of Australia. Officially, of the contiguous United States is water area, composing 62.66% of the nation's total water area. The contiguous United States would be placed 5th in the list of sovereign states and dependencies by area; the total area of the country, including Alaska and Hawaii, ranks fourth. Brazil is the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20624765", "chunk_text": "\"Square mile\"\nSquare mile The square mile (abbreviated as sq mi and sometimes as mi²) is an imperial and US unit of measure for an area equal to the area of a square with a side length of one statute mile. It should not be confused with \"\"miles square\"\", which refers to a square region with each side having the specified length. For instance, 20 miles square (20 × 20 miles) has an area equal to 400 square miles; a rectangle of 10 × 40 miles likewise has an area of 400 square miles, but it is not 20 miles square. One", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "858018", "chunk_text": "\"New York metropolitan area\"\nStaten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a Census-estimated population of 8,550,405 in 2015 (8,491,079 in 2014), distributed over a land area of just , New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States. A global power city, New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, its fast pace defining the term \"\"New York minute\"\". Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural, financial, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3817865", "chunk_text": "\"Demographics of New York City\"\nin population from the 1960s through the 1980s, a large number of apartment buildings suffered suspected arson fires or were abandoned by their owners. Once the population trend was reversed, with rising prospects for rentals and sales, new construction has resumed, but generally for purchasers in higher income brackets. New York is the largest city in the United States, with the city proper's population more than double the next largest city, Los Angeles (or roughly equivalent to the combined populations of Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston, the United States' second, third, and fourth most populous cities respectively). Demographers estimate New", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11781470", "chunk_text": "\"Demographics of San Francisco\"\n12.9% of San Francisco public school . However white students are more likely to enroll in public school at the elementary and middle school levels. Of all major cities in the United States, San Francisco has the second-highest percentage of residents with a college degree, behind only Seattle. Over 44% of adults within the city limits have a bachelor's or higher degree. \"\"USA Today\"\" reported that Rob Pitingolo, a researcher who measured college graduates per square mile, found that San Francisco had the highest rate at 7,031 per square mile, or over 344,000 total graduates in the city's . The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5161392", "chunk_text": "Massachusetts\nsquare mile, behind New Jersey and Rhode Island. In 2014, Massachusetts had 1,011,811 foreign-born residents or 15% of the population. Most Bay State residents live within the Boston Metropolitan Area, also known as Greater Boston, which includes Boston and its proximate surroundings but also extending to Greater Lowell and to Worcester. The Springfield metropolitan area, also known as Greater Springfield, is also a major center of population. Demographically, the center of population of Massachusetts is located in the town of Natick. Like the rest of the northeastern United States, the population of Massachusetts has continued to grow in the past", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6015048", "chunk_text": "\"County (United States)\"\nin the U.S., including Augusta, Georgia; Denver, Colorado; Indianapolis, Indiana; Jacksonville, Florida; Louisville, Kentucky; Lexington, Kentucky; Nashville, Tennessee; New Orleans, Louisiana; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and San Francisco, California. Similarly, some of Alaska's boroughs have merged with their principal cities creating unified city-boroughs. Some such consolidations and mergers have created cities that rank among the geographically largest cities in the world, though often with population densities far below those of most urban areas. The term \"\"county equivalents\"\" is used to describe divisions whose organization differs from that of most counties: Consolidated city-counties are not designated county-equivalents for administrative purposes; since both the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8618832", "chunk_text": "\"Great Lakes Megalopolis\"\nand the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The Chicago metropolitan area (also called \"\"Chicagoland\"\") has one of the world's largest and most diverse economies. The Chicago metro area is the fourth largest city economy globally, after the metro areas of Tokyo, New York City, and Los Angeles, and ranking ahead of London and Paris. At 9.8 million people, the Chicago metropolitan area will become the Great Lakes region's first mega-city and the United States' third megacity. Globally, a megacity is defined as a city with a Combined Statistical Area (CSA) metro population of at least ten million people. The Great Lakes Megalopolis", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20009824", "chunk_text": "\"Geographic center of the United States\"\nGeographic center of the United States The geographic center of the United States is a point approximately north of Belle Fourche, South Dakota (Lat. 44 58 02.07622(N) Long. 103 46 17.60283(W)). It has been regarded as such by the U.S. National Geodetic Survey (NGS) since the additions of Alaska and Hawaii to the United States in 1959. This is distinct from the contiguous geographic center, which has not changed since the 1912 admissions of New Mexico and Arizona to the contiguous United States, and falls near the town of Lebanon, Kansas. This served as the overall geographic center of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8644594", "chunk_text": "\"New York (state)\"\nCity-centered Metropolitan Statistical Area produced a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of nearly US$1.4 trillion, while in 2012, the corresponding Combined Statistical Area generated a GMP of over $1.7 trillion, both ranking first nationally by a wide margin and behind the GDP of only nine nations. Anchored by Wall Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, New York City has been called both the most economically powerful city and the leading financial center of the world. Lower Manhattan is the third-largest central business district in the United States and is home to the New York Stock Exchange, on Wall Street,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11626454", "chunk_text": "\"Alexandre Liautard\"\nthe United States rose from 7 million in 1860 to 25 million in 1900. Although town horses only represented 11 to 12% of this population, their importance in urban development was considerably greater. In 1900, the average density was 426 horses per square mile in the 46 largest cities of the United States, and 500 in New York City and Chicago. In 1900, horses lived and worked in Manhattan, in Chicago, and in Philadelphia. In 1879, the New York Times wrote : « \"\"New York must move on wheels, the whole population must drive...This is obviously a « stable city\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16030662", "chunk_text": "\"Geography of the United States\"\nGeography of the United States The term \"\"United States\"\", when used in the geographical sense, is the contiguous United States, the state of Alaska, the island state of Hawaii, the five insular territories of Puerto Rico, Northern Mariana Islands, U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa, and minor outlying possessions. The United States shares land borders with Canada and Mexico and maritime borders with Russia, Cuba, and the Bahamas in addition to Canada and Mexico. The United States's northern border with Canada is the world's longest bi-national land border. From 1989 through 1996, the total area of the US was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15083747", "chunk_text": "\"Lynden, Washington\"\nborder. Lynden is one of the few cities in the world whose main entrance is between two cemeteries. At one time, Lynden held the world record for most churches per square mile and per capita, although that is unsubstantiated. That title currently goes to Wheaton, Ill. Due to the town's large population of those who attend or are members of Lynden's many churches, the town has had a long tradition of most businesses closing on Sunday. In recent years, businesses have started to open on Sundays, as in other communities, but the area remains mostly unchanged. A law prohibiting Sunday", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18447868", "chunk_text": "\"Demography of the United States\"\nSan Francisco, Miami, Philadelphia, Dallas, and Atlanta. , the United States had 51 metropolitan areas with a population of over 1,000,000 people each. (See Table of United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas.) , about 250 million Americans live in or around urban areas. That means more than three-quarters of the U.S. population shares just about three percent of the U.S. land area. The following table shows the populations of the top twenty metropolitan areas. Note Denver and Baltimore have over 2.5 million residents in their metro areas. The United States Census Bureau collects racial data in accordance with guidelines provided by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1862218", "chunk_text": "\"10-Minute Walk\"\nInstitute. A ten-minute walk is commonly considered to be half a mile, which is the distance the National Park Service and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention uses when they link park access and public health. More than 200 mayors of large and small cities across the United States have committed to the goal, including the mayors of the four largest cities in the U.S.: New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston. Urban parks are increasingly seen by those within municipal government as a solution to many inner-city challenges. This initiative seeks to provide physical and mental health", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2141532", "chunk_text": "\"Miami metropolitan area\"\nthan 10,000 per square mile (more than 3,800 per square kilometer). The Miami Urbanized Area was the fourth largest urbanized area in the United States in the 2010 census. The Miami metropolitan area also includes several urban clusters (UCs) as of the 2000 Census which are not part of the Miami Urbanized Area. These are the Belle Glade UC, population 24,218, area 20,717,433 square meters and population density of 3027.6 per square mile; Key Biscayne UC, population 10,513, area 4,924,214 square meters and population density of 5529.5 per square mile; Redland UC, population 3,936, area 10,586,212 square meters and population", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6365452", "chunk_text": "Manhattan\nManhattan. Manhattan contained over 500 million square feet (46.5 million m) of office space in 2015, making it the largest office market in the United States, while Midtown Manhattan, with nearly 400 million square feet (37.2 million m) in 2015, is the largest central business district in the world. , the global advertising agencies of Omnicom Group and Interpublic Group, both based in Manhattan, had combined annual revenues of approximately US$21 billion, reflecting New York City's role as the top global center for the advertising industry, which is metonymously referred to as \"\"Madison Avenue\"\". Silicon Alley, centered in Manhattan, has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_389	when was the last time the vikings made the superbowl?	n/a	[ "in the 1970s" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3387707", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nDecember 29, 2013, defeating the Detroit Lions 14–13 to end the season. Since the team's first season in 1961, the Vikings have had one of the highest winning percentages in the NFL. As of 2017, they have won at least three games in every season except in 1962, and are one of only six NFL teams to win at least 15 games in a regular season. The Vikings have won one NFL Championship, in 1969, before the league's merger with the American Football League (AFL). Since the league merger in 1970, they have qualified for the playoffs 27 times, third-most", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3387708", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nin the league. The team has played in Super Bowls IV, VIII, IX, and XI, though failing to win any of them. In addition, they have lost in their last six NFC Championship Game appearances since 1978. The team currently has 14 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame. The team was officially named the Minnesota Vikings on September 27, 1960; the name is partly meant to reflect Minnesota's place as a center of Scandinavian American culture. From the start, the Vikings embraced an energetic marketing program that produced first-year season ticket sales of nearly 26,000 and an average", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3387721", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nhim unconscious. The Vikings played in Super Bowl XI, their third Super Bowl (fourth overall) in four years, against the Oakland Raiders at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California, on January 9, 1977. The Vikings, however, lost 32–14. In 1977, the Vikings again won the Central Division with a 9–5 record and advanced to their 4th NFC Championship Game in 5 years, but were defeated by the eventual Super Bowl Champion Cowboys, 23–6, at Texas Stadium. By 1978, age was taking its toll on the Vikings, but they still made the playoffs with an 8–7–1 record. There was no more", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3387703", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nMinnesota Vikings The Minnesota Vikings are a professional American football team based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Vikings joined the National Football League (NFL) as an expansion team in 1960, and first took the field for the 1961 season. The team competes in the National Football Conference (NFC) North division. During the 1960s, the Vikings' record was typical for an expansion franchise, but improved over the course of the decade, resulting in a Central Division title in 1968. In 1969, their dominant defense led to the Vikings' league championship, the last NFL championship prior to the merger of the NFL with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8682548", "chunk_text": "\"Sports in Minnesota\"\nAngeles, where they became the Los Angeles Lakers. The Minnesota Vikings are an NFL team founded as an expansion team in 1961. They play their home games at U.S. Bank Stadium. The Vikings have won one NFL Championship in 1969, one year before the AFL–NFL Merger. The Vikings were the first team to appear in four Super Bowls, but also lost all of them. Their last appearance in the Super Bowl was Super Bowl XI against the Oakland Raiders in 1977. Notable current and former players include Warren Moon, Randall Cunningham, Jim Marshall, Ron Yary, Mick Tingelhoff, Paul Krause, Cris", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15191416", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\ngame against a divisional opponent, although Bridgewater set a franchise record for wins by a rookie starting quarterback. On January 3, 2016, the Vikings beat divisional rival Green Bay 20–13 to win the NFC North for the first time since 2009. The Vikings, led by their top 5 defense, ended the 2015 season with an 11–5 record, and a #3 seed in the playoffs. However, they lost to the Seattle Seahawks 10–9 after Blair Walsh missed a 27-yard field goal in the third coldest game in NFL playoff history. The Vikings were responsible for a historic milestone in the late", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19185051", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings statistics\"\nestablishment – Metropolitan Stadium, Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome, and U.S. Bank Stadium; attendance records, both home and away, are included on this page. Last updated: As of week 15 of the 2018 NFL season Minnesota Vikings statistics The Minnesota Vikings is an American football franchise based in Minneapolis. The team was established in 1961 and is part of the National Football League's NFC North division. Since then, the team has taken part in the NFL playoffs 29 times, reaching four Super Bowls in 1970, 1974, 1975 and 1977. This list encompasses the major records set by the team, its coaches", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15191429", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nVikings wore all-purple intentionally. Three years later, the Vikings played the November 7, 2010 home game against the Arizona Cardinals in the all-purple uniform. The NFL introduced \"\"Color Rush\"\" uniforms for all 32 teams in the 2016 season, specifically for \"\"Thursday Night Football\"\" games. The Vikings had an all-purple uniform with gold numbers and stripes on the pants, which made its only appearance in Week 13 at home to the Dallas Cowboys. After several failed attempts at developing an official team-owned mascot, the Vikings finally introduced Viktor the Viking during the 2007 Vikings' season. Team officials had long indicated that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15191403", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nviewers). The Vikings beat the New York Giants, 44–7, in Week 17 to help the team clinch the second seed in the conference and a first round-bye with an Eagles loss later that same day. The Vikings ended the regular season with a 12–4 record, their best record since 2000 and the first 11-plus win season since their record-setting 1998 campaign. The Vikings played the Dallas Cowboys in the divisional round on January 17, 2010, and won the game by a score of 34–3, advancing the Vikings to the NFC Championship game, the ninth in franchise history. This would also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15191419", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nas a rookie. He holds several Vikings records including most career rushing touchdowns, career rushing yards, and most rushing yards in a season. In the summer of 2017, the Vikings ownership announced they would end the 52-year annual tradition of summer training camp in Mankato, Minnesota at Minnesota State University, Mankato as they built a large new headquarters building, training facility and area property development in Eagan, Minnesota on the site of the former Northwest Airlines offices completed in the spring of 2018 in time for the 2018 summer training camp that July. The Vikings won the NFC North for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11349631", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nvictories after a season-opening loss to the New York Giants, which was the longest single-season winning streak in 35 years. The Vikings defeated the Cleveland Browns 27–7 in the last pre-merger NFL Championship Game on January 4, 1970, at Metropolitan Stadium. The Vikings became the first modern NFL expansion team to win an NFL Championship Game, and earned a berth in Super Bowl IV; however, the heavily favored Vikings lost that game to the Kansas City Chiefs, 23–7. The team MVP that season was Joe Kapp, who threw for seven touchdowns against the Baltimore Colts – still an all-time NFL", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15191400", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nyards and added a touchdown during the game. On January 4, 2009, the Vikings hosted the Philadelphia Eagles for the Wild Card round, their first home playoff game in eight years. The Eagles led the Viking 16–14 at halftime and, coming off a 44–6 victory over the Dallas Cowboys, went on to defeat the Vikings 26–14. The Eagles would go on to defeat the defending Super Bowl champion New York Giants in the Divisional round, only to lose to the Arizona Cardinals in the NFC Championship Game. Since 2006, the Vikings have been known especially for their strong run defense", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12390527", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings statistics\"\nMinnesota Vikings statistics The Minnesota Vikings is an American football franchise based in Minneapolis. The team was established in 1961 and is part of the National Football League's NFC North division. Since then, the team has taken part in the NFL playoffs 29 times, reaching four Super Bowls in 1970, 1974, 1975 and 1977. This list encompasses the major records set by the team, its coaches and its players. The players section of this page lists the individual records for passing, rushing and receiving, as well as selected defensive records. The team has had three full-time home stadiums since its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15191431", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nLodbrok. Juranitch admits to being somewhat of an eccentric—he holds the current world record for fastest time shaving a beard with an axe, but hasn't shaved his beard since he won the Ragnar job among 3,000 applicants. Ragnar drove onto the field at the beginning of a game dressed in Viking garb, on a motorcycle, while a cheerleader used to ride a snowmobile. Although never one to shy away from confrontations with opposing players, notably Chad \"\"Ochocinco\"\" Johnson, he had a soft spot for Brett Favre while the quarterback started for the rival Green Bay Packers. In 2015, the Vikings", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11349635", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nin franchise history, Super Bowl VIII, against the Miami Dolphins at Rice Stadium in Houston, Texas; however, the Dolphins prevailed, 24–7. The Vikings won the Central Division again in 1974 with a 10–4 record. In the playoffs they built on their cold weather reputation, defeating both the St. Louis Cardinals and the Los Angeles Rams in frozen Metropolitan Stadium. The Vikings played in their second straight Super Bowl, Super Bowl IX (3rd overall), losing to the Pittsburgh Steelers, 16–6, at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans on January 12, 1975. Led by Tarkenton and running back Chuck Foreman, the 1975 Vikings", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13876982", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. Bank Stadium\"\ngame, on January 14, 2018, as the Vikings hosted the New Orleans Saints. The Vikings won the game 29-24 on a last second 61-yard catch by wide receiver Stefon Diggs, in a play that became known as the Minneapolis Miracle. The Vikings then advanced to the NFC Championship game against the Philadelphia Eagles in Philadelphia’s Lincoln Financial Field, where the Vikings lost 38-7, costing the Vikings the chance to become the first NFL team to play a Super Bowl in its own home stadium. Super Bowl LII was played at the stadium on February 4, 2018 between the Philadelphia Eagles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15191433", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nthe Minnesota Vikings. It was introduced around the time the team was founded in 1961. It is always played whenever the team scores a touchdown, field goal or safety, at the end of each half, and upon victory. The song \"\"Purple and Gold\"\" was recorded in 2010 by Minneapolis native Prince to be used as a fight song for the Minnesota Vikings. Due to geographic and cultural proximity, the Vikings' foremost rival is the Green Bay Packers. Some sources cite this rivalry as the biggest overall in the NFC North apart from the Packers-Bears rivalry (which dates back several more", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15191430", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nthey were after a mascot concept that would primarily appeal to the team's younger fan base. Viktor the Viking, a muscle-bound, blond-haired and mustachioed character, wears a Vikings' #1 jersey and an oversized Vikings helmet with protruding horns and a small yellow nose guard. From 1970 to 1992, Hub Meeds dressed as a Viking and served as the team mascot. Meeds asked to become the mascot after being accidentally let onto the field by security during Super Bowl IV. From 1994 to 2015, the team mascot was Ragnar (played by Joseph Juranitch) and was based on the legendary Viking Ragnar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20930145", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Minnesota Vikings season\"\n2017 Minnesota Vikings season The 2017 season was the Minnesota Vikings' 57th in the National Football League, and their fourth under head coach Mike Zimmer. With the team's home stadium, U.S. Bank Stadium, scheduled to host Super Bowl LII at the end of the season, the Vikings attempted to make history as the first team to play the Super Bowl on their home field; in recording their best regular season record since 1998, they clinched a first-round bye for the first time since 2009 and became the eighth team in the Super Bowl era to qualify for the playoffs in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5223980", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Minnesota Vikings\"\nDallas for pass interference. Afterwards, angry fans pelted the field with snowballs and one referee was struck in the head with a beer bottle, mimicking an incident two weeks earlier during the regular season finale in Buffalo where Foreman was hit in the eye with a snowball. The Vikings finished 11–2–1 in 1976, winning their division once again and beating Washington at home, 35–20. They then won the NFC Championship in the last playoff game at Metropolitan Stadium over the Los Angeles Rams, 24–13, to advance to their third Super Bowl in four years. However, a championship continued to elude", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15191384", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nDivisional Playoff game, they beat the 13–2 San Francisco 49ers 36–24 at Candlestick Park. During that game, Anthony Carter set the all-time record for most receiving yards in a playoff game with 227 yards. The Vikings played the Washington Redskins in the NFC Championship Game on January 17, 1988, at RFK Stadium. Trailing 17–10, the Vikings drove to the Redskins' 6-yard line with a little over a minute left in the game, but failed to get the ball into the end zone. The Vikings' hopes of a Super Bowl ended when Darrin Nelson dropped a pass from Wade Wilson on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1572864", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl curse\"\n1998 Miami Dolphins, the 2016 Houston Texans, and the 2017 Minnesota Vikings, the Vikings being the first to qualify for their conference's title game. From 1966–2011 (excluding the six Super Bowl games held in a stadium without a professional team), the Super Bowl host team has had 11 winning seasons, four split seasons, and 25 losing seasons. Mathematically, the probability of that many losing seasons or more occurring by chance (assuming a 50 percent chance of having a losing season (disregarding .500 seasons)) is 7.69 percent. It should be noted, however, that the Super Bowl host stadium is selected several", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10279221", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Minnesota Vikings\"\nBowl in franchise history, Super Bowl VIII, against the Miami Dolphins at Rice Stadium in Houston, Texas. The Dolphins prevailed 24–7. The Vikings won the Central Division again in 1974 with a 10–4 record. In the playoffs, they built on their cold weather reputation, defeating both the St. Louis Cardinals and the Los Angeles Rams in frozen Metropolitan Stadium. On January 12, 1975, The Vikings played in their second straight Super Bowl, Super Bowl IX (3rd overall), losing to the Pittsburgh Steelers, 16–6, at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans. In 1975, Mike Lynn, who had been hired the previous year", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8767152", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl\"\nof the Super Bowl, while the Jaguars (1995) and Texans (2002) are both recent NFL expansion teams. (Detroit, Houston, and Jacksonville, however, have hosted a Super Bowl, leaving the Browns the only team to date who has neither played in nor whose city has hosted the game.) The Minnesota Vikings won the last NFL Championship before the merger but lost to the AFL champion Kansas City Chiefs in Super Bowl IV. The Green Bay Packers won the first two Super Bowls (Known as the AFL-NFL World Championship Game for these first two contests), defeating the Kansas City Chiefs and Oakland", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15191425", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nthe team returned to black shoes for first time since the 1983 season. The Vikings tweaked their Norseman logo, which involved updating the shading, altering the shape and base of the horns, thickening the mustache and face, making the gold tones brighter, and shortening the braid. The new logo was unveiled on February 14, 2013. On March 28, the team reported that new uniforms will be unveiled on April 25. On April 25, 2013, the Minnesota Vikings unveiled the club's new uniforms during its annual NFL Draft party. From 1969 through 1973, the Vikings had an alternate purple jersey without", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1810411", "chunk_text": "Minneapolis\nreaching the WNBA Finals in 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016, and 2017 and winning in 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2017. The Minnesota Vikings football team and the Minnesota Twins baseball team have played in the state since 1961. The Vikings were an NFL expansion team, and the Twins were formed when the Washington Senators relocated to Minnesota. The Twins have won 10 division titles (1969, 1970, 1987, 1991, 2002–04, 2006, 2009, and 2010), three American League Pennants (1965, 1987 and 1991) and the World Series in 1987 and 1991. The Twins have played at Target Field since 2010. The Vikings", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5220116", "chunk_text": "\"Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome\"\nOn December 29, 2013, the Vikings played their final game at the Metrodome, a 14-13 victory over the Detroit Lions. The team's all-time record at the dome was 162-88 in the regular season and 6-4 in playoff games. They finished with a perfect record at the dome against the Arizona Cardinals (8-0), Baltimore Ravens (1-0), Cincinnati Bengals (4-0), and Houston Texans (1-0), but with a winless record there against the New York Jets (0-3). NFL owners voted during their May 24, 1989 meeting to award Super Bowl XXVI to Minneapolis over Indianapolis, Pontiac and Seattle.. The game on January 26,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15191434", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\ndecades, i.e. to 1920). Vikings fans are known to dress up in \"\"Helga hats\"\", purple hats with white horns and blonde braids, mimicking the helmets popularly believed to have been worn by Viking warriors. The original Helga Hats are still hand assembled in the Twin Cities area. During home games, the Vikings' Gjallarhorn is loudly played and sounds often after the team has made a big play, gets a first down, or scores a touchdown. The team often also uses the horn during its pre-game ceremonies. In addition, a flash cannon fires upon Vikings touchdowns. The \"\"Skol Chant\"\" is a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15191392", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nand an appearance in the NFC Championship game, where they were defeated 41-0 by the New York Giants. The following season, they struggled by posting a 5–11 record in 2001. The team would make the playoffs again in 2004, but would not win a divisional title again until 2008. Since the merger, the 2000s became the decade with the fewest playoff berths for the franchise. In 2000, the Vikings went 11–5. The Vikings were 11–2 after 14 weeks, but slumped briefly, losing their last three to the Rams, Packers and Colts while starting quarterback Daunte Culpepper was hampered by injury.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15191428", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nwhite jerseys. On October 11, 1964 the Vikings played the Detroit Lions at Metropolitan Stadium and the Lions mistakenly only brought their white jerseys to Minnesota. Both teams started the game in white, but by the second quarter the Vikings were able to obtain their purple tops. The Vikings changed jerseys on the sidelines during the 2nd quarter, finishing the game in purple jerseys and purple pants. It wasn't until 43 years later, on December 17, 2007 (a Monday Night Football game versus the Chicago Bears) that the Vikings again donned both purple jerseys and purple pants—the first time the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5223997", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Minnesota Vikings\"\nreceiver Randy Moss. The Vikings set a then-NFL record by scoring a total of 556 points (a record since topped only four times, most recently the 2013 Denver Broncos, who scored 606), never scoring fewer than 24 in a game. The scoring total remained a record until 2007, when the Patriots scored 589. The Vikings finished the season 15–1, their only loss by 3 points to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in Week 9. In the divisional playoffs, the Vikings rolled past the Arizona Cardinals 41–21 and came into the Metrodome heavily favored for their NFC title showdown with the Atlanta", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14215430", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XI\"\nSuper Bowl XI Super Bowl XI was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Oakland Raiders and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Minnesota Vikings to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for its 1976 season. The Raiders defeated the Vikings by the score of 32–14 to win their first Super Bowl. The game was played on January 9, 1977, at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. This remains the Super Bowl scheduled earliest during the calendar year. This was the Raiders’ second Super Bowl appearance after losing Super Bowl II. They posted a 13–1", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15191423", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\ngold trim, and either purple or white jerseys. From 1962 to 1964, the Vikings wore purple pants with their white jerseys (The Vikings, with their new uniform, still wear, on occasion, purple pants with yellow and white trim). In a design that was unique among American football teams, the white jerseys had a completely different stripe pattern, which was over the shoulders, than the purple ones, which was around the sleeve cuff. These unique shoulder stripes on the white jerseys did not appear until 1969, the year they went to their first Super Bowl. There have also been minor changes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16032894", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl LII\"\nSuper Bowl LII Super Bowl LII was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2017 season. The National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles defeated the American Football Conference (AFC) and defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots, 41–33, to win their first Super Bowl and their first NFL title since 1960. The game was played on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. This was the second time that a Super Bowl was played in Minneapolis, the northernmost city to ever host the event, after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20930150", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Minnesota Vikings season\"\nBowl due to injury, replaced by Thomas Davis and Michael Bennett respectively. Source: Minnesota Vikings' official website Source: NFL.com. 2017 Minnesota Vikings season The 2017 season was the Minnesota Vikings' 57th in the National Football League, and their fourth under head coach Mike Zimmer. With the team's home stadium, U.S. Bank Stadium, scheduled to host Super Bowl LII at the end of the season, the Vikings attempted to make history as the first team to play the Super Bowl on their home field; in recording their best regular season record since 1998, they clinched a first-round bye for the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17185999", "chunk_text": "\"Vince Lombardi Trophy\"\n(1976, 1980, 1983), the Washington Redskins (1982, 1987, 1991) and the Denver Broncos (1997, 1998, 2015) are tied for seventh with three each. Although none of these teams have ever won three straight Super Bowls, two of them have won three Lombardi trophies in four years and one twice in three years: The Dallas Cowboys (1992, 1993, 1995) and the New England Patriots (2001, 2003, 2004) and (2014, 2016). The Pittsburgh Steelers won four Super Bowls in six years (1974, 1975, 1978, 1979). The trophy has been presented on a stage constructed on the field since Super Bowl XXX in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15191424", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nto the uniform design throughout the years, such as changing the color of the face mask from gray to white in 1980, and then to purple in 1985. In addition, the Norseman logo was to the sleeves in 1996, and the purple jersey stripes were toned down with that change; the \"\"TV numbers\"\", previously located on the jersey sleeves, moved up to the shoulders as well that year. The Vikings continued to wear black shoes until Les Steckel became head coach in 1984; they were the last NFL team to make the change from black to white shoes. In 2006,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1953335", "chunk_text": "\"Minneapolis Miracle\"\nMinneapolis Miracle The Minneapolis Miracle (also known as the Minnesota Miracle) was the National Football Conference (NFC) divisional playoff game between the Minnesota Vikings and the New Orleans Saints on January 14, 2018, and specifically its final play. The game was played as part of the National Football League (NFL)'s 2017–18 playoffs. The Saints came back from a 17–0 first-half deficit and established a 24–23 lead with 25 seconds remaining in the contest. On the last play of the game, Vikings quarterback Case Keenum threw a 27-yard pass to wide receiver Stefon Diggs, who evaded Saints safety Marcus Williams and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15191401", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\n(#1 in the NFL in 2006, 2007, and 2008; they are the first NFL team to accomplish this since the AFL–NFL merger in 1970), anchored by the Williams Wall consisting of defensive tackle Kevin Williams and nose tackle Pat Williams (no relation). With the addition of sack-leader Jared Allen in 2008, the dominant front four began being called by several nicknames, including \"\"Thunder and Plunder\"\" and \"\"Shock and AWE\"\" (an acronym of their surname initials). On August 18, 2009, after months of speculation and negotiations, twice-retired veteran quarterback Brett Favre, who until 2007 had played 16 years for division archrival", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3387752", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nto Monday and play it at Ford Field in Detroit, Michigan. Because of on-going repairs to the roof of the Metrodome, the Vikings played their December 20 game versus the Chicago Bears at TCF Bank Stadium. Favre threw the final touchdown pass of his career (to Percy Harvin) in this game. The game was played 29 years to the day after the last outdoor game at old Met Stadium. On December 26, the NFL announced that the game versus the Philadelphia Eagles was being postponed to Tuesday, December 28, 2010 because of blizzard conditions. This marks the third consecutive venue", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8810194", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl VIII\"\nSuper Bowl VIII Super Bowl VIII was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Minnesota Vikings and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Miami Dolphins to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1973 season. The Dolphins defeated the Vikings by the score of 24–7 to win their second consecutive Super Bowl, the first team to do so since the Green Bay Packers in Super Bowls I and II, and the first AFL/AFC team to do so. The game was played on January 13, 1974 at Rice Stadium in Houston, Texas. This was the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3387766", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nboth knew Hubenthal from their days with the Los Angeles Rams organization. Hubenthal also designed the original Norseman logo. From the team's debut in 1961 to 1995, the Vikings' logos and uniforms essentially remained the same. Reflecting Minnesota's Scandinavian cultural heritage, one of the team's two primary logos consists of a profile of a blond Norseman, while the other consists of a white Viking horn. The team's helmet is purple with a Viking horn logo on each side. Each horn is outlined in gold. The horn logo was slightly revised in 2006. The original uniform design consisted of white pants,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "204092", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl\"\nnomenclature returned to Roman numerals for Super Bowl LI, following the 2016 regular season. The most recent Super Bowl was Super Bowl LII, on February 4, 2018, following the 2017 regular season. The game was created as a part of a merger agreement between the NFL and its then-rival league, the American Football League (AFL). It was agreed that the two leagues' champion teams would play in the AFL–NFL World Championship Game until the merger was to officially begin in 1970. After the merger, each league was redesignated as a \"\"conference\"\", and the game has since been played between the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3387739", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nto getting into the playoffs. However, the Arizona Cardinals completed a game-winning touchdown on 4th-and-28 with 0:00 left, knocking the Vikings out of the playoffs. The moment of Arizona's touchdown was actually the first moment the entire season in which the Vikings hadn't led their division. The Vikings became the second team in football history to miss the playoffs after getting off to a 6–0 start, following the 1978 Washington Redskins. In 2004, Daunte Culpepper amassed MVP-like statistics, throwing for 4,717 passing yards (leading the NFL), 39 passing touchdowns (a Viking record), and 5,123 total yards (an NFL record). In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13969722", "chunk_text": "Minnesota\ndemolition after the 2013 season for the construction of the team's new home, U.S. Bank Stadium. The Vikings' current stadium hosted Super Bowl LII in February, 2018. Super Bowl XXVI was played in the Metrodome. The Vikings have advanced to the Super Bowl Super Bowl IV, Super Bowl VIII, Super Bowl IX, and Super Bowl XI, losing all four games to their AFC/AFL opponent The Minnesota Twins have played in the Major League Baseball in the Twin Cities starting in 1961. The Twins began play as the original Washington Senators, relocating to Minnesota in 1961. The Twins won the 1987", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5223990", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Minnesota Vikings\"\nyards in a playoff game with 227 yards. The Vikings played the Washington Redskins in the NFC Championship Game on January 17, 1988, at RFK Stadium. Trailing 17–10, the Vikings drove to the Redskins 6-yard line with a little over a minute left in the game but failed to get the ball into the end zone. Running back Darrin Nelson dropped a pass from Wade Wilson at the goal line to officially end the Vikings' hopes of a Super Bowl. Nelson would later be traded to the Dallas Cowboys in possibly the worst trade in NFL history, the Herschel Walker", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10279303", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Minnesota Vikings\"\nrunning back Eric Dickerson in 1984. The Vikings made the playoffs for the 27th time in franchise history, their first trip since the Brett Favre era, clinching their first Wild Card berth of the decade, but fell to the Green Bay Packers 24–10. In the 2013 season, the Vikings would end up 5–10–1 with no road wins. In week 4, they played host to the Steelers in the International Series game in London, beating them 34–27, and in week 12 they played out a 26–26 tie with the Packers at Lambeau Field. The Vikings had obvious flaws on both offense", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9683211", "chunk_text": "\"NFL regular season\"\nof those games would include 1992 against the New England Patriots (Hurricane Andrew), 2004 against the Tennessee Titans (Hurricane Ivan) and the Pittsburgh Steelers (Hurricane Jeanne), 2005 against the Kansas City Chiefs (Hurricane Wilma), 2017 against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers (Hurricane Irma), and others. In December 2010, a Minnesota Vikings–Philadelphia Eagles game originally scheduled for the afternoon of Sunday, December 26, a time at which it could have been successfully completed, had two weeks earlier been flexed by NBC to Sunday night and was postponed to Tuesday, December 28, due to a strong Nor'easter. In 2014, the Week 12 visit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15191426", "chunk_text": "\"Minnesota Vikings\"\nstripes for warm-weather games. The team's uniforms were redesigned in 2006, the first significant change in the franchise's 46-year history. Although the team colors remained the same, trim lines were added to the outside shoulders and sleeves, and the sides of the jerseys and pants. In addition the horn on the helmet was slightly more defined. Included in the new design are both white and purple pants, the purple pants have not been regularly used since 2007, but resurfaced twice in 2010. The team wore black armbands for the last four games in 1978 in memory of Jack \"\"Jocko\"\" Nelson,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10279216", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Minnesota Vikings\"\nMemorial Stadium. That game also saw a then-record home crowd of 60,740. The Vikings defeated the Cleveland Browns 27–7 in the NFL Championship Game on January 4, 1970, at Metropolitan Stadium. Minnesota became the first modern NFL expansion team to win an NFL Championship Game, which earned the team a berth in Super Bowl IV. The heavily favored Vikings lost that game to the Kansas City Chiefs, 23–7, at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans. The team continued to shine in 1970 and 1971 as their \"\"Purple People Eater\"\" defense led them back to the playoffs. In 1971, the defense was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_390	where does new crust come from in sea floor spreading?	n/a	[ "basaltic magma", "volcanic activity" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4842278", "chunk_text": "\"Seafloor spreading\"\nasthenosphere, which is ductile, or plastic, and the brittle lithosphere (crust and upper mantle). Seafloor spreading helps explain continental drift in the theory of plate tectonics. When oceanic plates diverge, tensional stress causes fractures to occur in the lithosphere. The motivating force for seafloor spreading ridges is tectonic plate pull rather than magma pressure, although there is typically significant magma activity at spreading ridges. At a spreading center, basaltic magma rises up the fractures and cools on the ocean floor to form new seabed. Hydrothermal vents are common at spreading centers. Older rocks will be found farther away from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4842277", "chunk_text": "\"Seafloor spreading\"\nSeafloor spreading Seafloor spreading is a process that occurs at mid-ocean ridges, where new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity and then gradually moves away from the ridge. Earlier theories (e.g. by Alfred Wegener and Alexander du Toit) of continental drift postulated that continents \"\"ploughed\"\" through the sea. The idea that the seafloor itself moves (and also carries the continents with it) as it expands from a central axis was proposed by Harry Hess from Princeton University in the 1960s. The theory is well accepted now, and the phenomenon is known to be caused by convection currents in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15199435", "chunk_text": "\"Seafloor spreading\"\nAs new seafloor forms and spreads apart from the mid-ocean ridge it slowly cools over time. Older seafloor is therefore colder than new seafloor, and older oceanic basins deeper than new oceanic basins due to isostasy. If the diameter of the earth remains relatively constant despite the production of new crust, a mechanism must exist by which crust is also destroyed. The destruction of oceanic crust occurs at subduction zones where oceanic crust is forced under either continental crust or oceanic crust. Today, the Atlantic basin is actively spreading at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Only a small portion of the oceanic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3395347", "chunk_text": "\"Seafloor spreading\"\n~ Tx/L, where L is the distance between the ridge to the continental shelf (roughly half the ocean width), and T is the ocean age. Seafloor spreading Seafloor spreading is a process that occurs at mid-ocean ridges, where new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity and then gradually moves away from the ridge. Earlier theories (e.g. by Alfred Wegener and Alexander du Toit) of continental drift postulated that continents \"\"ploughed\"\" through the sea. The idea that the seafloor itself moves (and also carries the continents with it) as it expands from a central axis was proposed by Harry Hess", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4842280", "chunk_text": "\"Seafloor spreading\"\ntens of kilometers wide, a crustal accretion zone within the boundary zone where the ocean crust is youngest, and an instantaneous plate boundary - a line within the crustal accretion zone demarcating the two separating plates. Within the crustal accretion zone is a 1-2 km-wide neovolcanic zone where active volcanism occurs. In the general case, sea floor spreading starts as a rift in a continental land mass, similar to the Red Sea-East Africa Rift System today. The process starts by heating at the base of the continental crust which causes it to become more plastic and less dense. Because less", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15199437", "chunk_text": "\"Seafloor spreading\"\nat fast rates an axial high is found within the crustal accretion zone. The differences in spreading rates affect not only the geometries of the ridges but also the geochemistry of the basalts that are produced. Since the new oceanic basins are shallower than the old oceanic basins, the total capacity of the world's ocean basins decreases during times of active sea floor spreading. During the opening of the Atlantic Ocean, sea level was so high that a Western Interior Seaway formed across North America from the Gulf of Mexico to the Arctic Ocean. At the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (and in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15199438", "chunk_text": "\"Seafloor spreading\"\nother areas), material from the upper mantle rises through the faults between oceanic plates to form new crust as the plates move away from each other, a phenomenon first observed as continental drift. When Alfred Wegener first presented a hypothesis of continental drift in 1912, he suggested that continents ploughed through the ocean crust. This was impossible: oceanic crust is both more dense and more rigid than continental crust. Accordingly, Wegener's theory wasn't taken very seriously, especially in the United States. Since then, it has been shown that the motion of the continents is linked to seafloor spreading by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1833331", "chunk_text": "\"Geology of the Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex\"\n≈165 Ma. Sea floor spreading is where new oceanic lithosphere is being created by upwelling of material, unlike rifting where it only involved the stretching of the crust. Convection currents in the sub-lithospheric mantle are the driving mechanisms that caused sea floor spreading to occur. New lithosphere is made when hot material beneath ocean ridges is brought to the surface by these cells. As the new lithosphere moves horizontally away from the ridges, the new crust added to the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic caused the continents of North America and South America to be moved apart. Seafloor spreading", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15199431", "chunk_text": "\"Seafloor spreading\"\ndense objects rise in relation to denser objects, the area being heated becomes a broad dome (see isostasy). As the crust bows upward, fractures occur that gradually grow into rifts. The typical rift system consists of three rift arms at approximately 120 degree angles. These areas are named triple junctions and can be found in several places across the world today. The separated margins of the continents evolve to form passive margins. Hess' theory was that new seafloor is formed when magma is forced upward toward the surface at a mid-ocean ridge. If spreading continues past the incipient stage described", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18313399", "chunk_text": "\"Abyssal plain\"\nmantle is partially melted into magma as it moves upwards under mid-ocean ridges. This upwelling magma then cools and solidifies by conduction and convection of heat to form new oceanic crust. Accretion occurs as mantle is added to the growing edges of a tectonic plate, usually associated with seafloor spreading. The age of oceanic crust is therefore a function of distance from the mid-ocean ridge. The youngest oceanic crust is at the mid-ocean ridges, and it becomes progressively older, cooler and denser as it migrates outwards from the mid-ocean ridges as part of the process called mantle convection. The lithosphere,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6618112", "chunk_text": "\"Oceanic crust\"\ncontinuously being created at mid-ocean ridges. As plates diverge at these ridges, magma rises into the upper mantle and crust. As it moves away from the ridge, the lithosphere becomes cooler and denser, and sediment gradually builds on top of it. The youngest oceanic lithosphere is at the oceanic ridges, and it gets progressively older away from the ridges. As the mantle rises it cools and melts, as the pressure decreases and it crosses the solidus. The amount of melt produced depends only on the temperature of the mantle as it rises. Hence most oceanic crust is the same thickness", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15199432", "chunk_text": "\"Seafloor spreading\"\nabove, two of the rift arms will open while the third arm stops opening and becomes a 'failed rift'. As the two active rifts continue to open, eventually the continental crust is attenuated as far as it will stretch. At this point basaltic oceanic crust begins to form between the separating continental fragments. When one of the rifts opens into the existing ocean, the rift system is flooded with seawater and becomes a new sea. The Red Sea is an example of a new arm of the sea. The East African rift was thought to be a \"\"failed\"\" arm that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4842304", "chunk_text": "\"Crust (geology)\"\ncenters, where partial-melting of the underlying mantle yields basaltic magmas and new ocean crust forms. This \"\"ridge push\"\" is one of the driving forces of plate tectonics, and it is constantly creating new ocean crust. That means that old crust must be destroyed somewhere, so, opposite a spreading center, there is usually a subduction zone: a trench where an ocean plate is being shoved back into the mantle. This constant process of creating new ocean crust and destroying old ocean crust means that the oldest ocean crust on Earth today is only about 200 million years old. In contrast, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6618116", "chunk_text": "\"Oceanic crust\"\nfrozen in the basalt. A symmetrical pattern of positive and negative magnetic lines emanates from the mid-ocean ridge. New rock is formed by magma at the mid-ocean ridges, and the ocean floor spreads out from this point. When the magma cools to form rock, its magnetic polarity is aligned with the then-current positions of the magnetic poles of the Earth. New magma then forces the older cooled magma away from the ridge. This process results in parallel sections of oceanic crust of alternating magnetic polarity. Oceanic crust Oceanic crust is the uppermost layer of the oceanic portion of a tectonic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18313390", "chunk_text": "\"Abyssal plain\"\noceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle), and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges, it forms new oceanic crust, which is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons into deeper water. The rest is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9122068", "chunk_text": "\"Mid-ocean ridge\"\nridges and that every year of new seafloor is formed by this process. With a crustal thickness of , this amounts to about of new ocean crust formed every year. Mid-ocean ridge A mid-ocean ridge (MOR) is an underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonics. It consists of various mountains linked in chains, typically having a valley known as a rift running along its spine. This type of oceanic mountain ridge is characteristic of what is known as an 'oceanic spreading center', which is responsible for seafloor spreading. The production of new seafloor results from mantle upwelling in response to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6618109", "chunk_text": "\"Oceanic crust\"\nat mid-ocean ridges, but also at scattered hotspots, and also in rare but powerful occurrences known as flood basalt eruptions. But most magma crystallises at depth, within the lower oceanic crust. There, newly intruded magma can mix and react with pre-existing crystal mush and rocks. Although a complete section of oceanic crust has not yet been drilled, geologists have several pieces of evidence that help them understand the ocean floor. Estimations of composition are based on analyses of ophiolites (sections of oceanic crust that are thrust onto and preserved on the continents), comparisons of the seismic structure of the oceanic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4842306", "chunk_text": "\"Crust (geology)\"\ncrustal rocks formed before 2.5 billion years ago are located in cratons. Such old continental crust and the underlying mantle asthenosphere are less dense than elsewhere in Earth and so are not readily destroyed by subduction. Formation of new continental crust is linked to periods of intense orogeny; these periods coincide with the formation of the supercontinents such as Rodinia, Pangaea and Gondwana. The crust forms in part by aggregation of island arcs including granite and metamorphic fold belts, and it is preserved in part by depletion of the underlying mantle to form buoyant lithospheric mantle. A theoretical protoplanet named", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6618113", "chunk_text": "\"Oceanic crust\"\n(7±1 km). Very slow spreading ridges (<1 cm·yr half-rate) produce thinner crust (4–5 km thick) as the mantle has a chance to cool on upwelling and so it crosses the solidus and melts at lesser depth, thereby producing less melt and thinner crust. An example of this is the Gakkel Ridge under the Arctic Ocean. Thicker than average crust is found above plumes as the mantle is hotter and hence it crosses the solidus and melts at a greater depth, creating more melt and a thicker crust. An example of this is Iceland which has crust of thickness ~20 km.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11814933", "chunk_text": "Seabed\nSeabed The seabed (also known as the seafloor, sea floor, or ocean floor) is the bottom of the ocean. Most of the oceans have a common structure, created by common physical phenomena, mainly from tectonic movement, and sediment from various sources. The structure of the oceans, starting with the continents, begins usually with a continental shelf, continues to the continental slope – which is a steep descent into the ocean, until reaching the abyssal plain – a topographic plain, the beginning of the seabed, and its main area. The border between the continental slope and the abyssal plain usually has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9580609", "chunk_text": "\"Ridge push\"\nplates apart. Ridge push is the result of gravitational forces acting on the young, raised oceanic lithosphere around mid-ocean ridges, causing it to slide down the similarly raised but weaker asthenosphere and push on lithospheric material farther from the ridges. Mid-ocean ridges are long underwater mountain chains that occur at divergent plate boundaries in the ocean, where new oceanic crust is formed by upwelling mantle material as a result of tectonic plate spreading and relatively shallow (above ~60 km) decompression melting. The upwelling mantle and fresh crust are hotter and less dense than the surrounding crust and mantle, but cool", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9122050", "chunk_text": "\"Mid-ocean ridge\"\nMid-ocean ridge A mid-ocean ridge (MOR) is an underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonics. It consists of various mountains linked in chains, typically having a valley known as a rift running along its spine. This type of oceanic mountain ridge is characteristic of what is known as an 'oceanic spreading center', which is responsible for seafloor spreading. The production of new seafloor results from mantle upwelling in response to plate spreading; this isentropic upwelling solid mantle material eventually exceeds the solidus and melts. The buoyant melt rises as magma at a linear weakness in the oceanic crust, and emerges", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11468872", "chunk_text": "\"Plate tectonics\"\nHess and Dietz had begun to theorise that mid-ocean ridges mark structurally weak zones where the ocean floor was being ripped in two lengthwise along the ridge crest (see the previous paragraph). New magma from deep within the Earth rises easily through these weak zones and eventually erupts along the crest of the ridges to create new oceanic crust. This process, at first denominated the \"\"conveyer belt hypothesis\"\" and later called seafloor spreading, operating over many millions of years continues to form new ocean floor all across the 50,000 km-long system of mid-ocean ridges. Only four years after the maps", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17550582", "chunk_text": "\"Leaky transform fault\"\nLeaky transform fault A leaky transform fault is a transform fault with volcanic activity along a significant portion of its length producing new crust. In addition to the regular strike-slip motion observed at transform boundaries, an oblique extensional component is present, resulting in motion of the plates that is not parallel to the plate boundary. This opens the fault, allowing melt to break through and cool on the ocean floor, producing new crust. This extensional component can come from a slight shift in the position of a plate’s Euler Pole. In order to accommodate oblique motion along the plate boundary,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4842301", "chunk_text": "\"Crust (geology)\"\nthe crust. The boundary between the crust and mantle is conventionally placed at the Mohorovičić discontinuity, a boundary defined by a contrast in seismic velocity. The crust of the Earth is of two distinctive types: Because both continental and oceanic crust are less dense than the mantle below, both types of crust \"\"float\"\" on the mantle. This is isostasy, and it's also one of the reasons continental crust is higher than oceanic: continental is less dense and so \"\"floats\"\" higher. As a result, water pools in above the oceanic crust, forming the oceans. The temperature of the crust increases with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18313401", "chunk_text": "\"Abyssal plain\"\ndescend back into the mantle. At the consumption edge of the plate (the oceanic trench), the oceanic lithosphere has thermally contracted to become quite dense, and it sinks under its own weight in the process of subduction. The subduction process consumes older oceanic lithosphere, so oceanic crust is seldom more than 200 million years old. The overall process of repeated cycles of creation and destruction of oceanic crust is known as the Supercontinent cycle, first proposed by Canadian geophysicist and geologist John Tuzo Wilson. New oceanic crust, closest to the mid-oceanic ridges, is mostly basalt at shallow levels and has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15199436", "chunk_text": "\"Seafloor spreading\"\ncrust produced in the Atlantic is subducted. However, the plates making up the Pacific Ocean are experiencing subduction along many of their boundaries which causes the volcanic activity in what has been termed the Ring of Fire of the Pacific Ocean. The Pacific is also home to one of the world's most active spreading centers (the East Pacific Rise) with spreading rates of up to 13 cm/yr. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a \"\"textbook\"\" slow-spreading center, while the East Pacific Rise is used as an example of fast spreading. Spreading centers at slow and intermediate rates exhibit a rift valley while", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6618107", "chunk_text": "\"Oceanic crust\"\nOceanic crust Oceanic crust is the uppermost layer of the oceanic portion of a tectonic plate. It is composed of the upper oceanic crust, with pillow lavas and a dike complex, and the lower oceanic crust, composed of troctolite, gabbro and ultramafic cumulates. The crust overlies the solidified and uppermost layer of the mantle. The crust and the solid mantle layer together constitute oceanic lithosphere. Oceanic crust is primarily composed of mafic rocks, or sima, which is rich in iron and magnesium. It is thinner than continental crust, or sial, generally less than 10 kilometers thick; however it is denser,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15759357", "chunk_text": "\"Continental crust\"\nepisodes of increased production through geologic time. Continental crust Continental crust is the layer of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks that forms the continents and the areas of shallow seabed close to their shores, known as continental shelves. This layer is sometimes called \"\"sial\"\" because its bulk composition is richer in silicates and aluminium minerals and has a lower density compared to the oceanic crust, called \"\"sima\"\" which is richer in magnesium silicate minerals and is denser. Changes in seismic wave velocities have shown that at a certain depth (the Conrad discontinuity), there is a reasonably sharp contrast between the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10640329", "chunk_text": "\"Transform fault\"\nconstantly created through the upwelling of new basaltic magma. With new seafloor being pushed and pulled out, the older seafloor slowly slides away from the mid-oceanic ridges toward the continents. Although separated only by tens of kilometers, this separation between segments of the ridges causes portions of the seafloor to push past each other in opposing directions. This lateral movement of seafloors past each other is where transform faults are currently active. Transform faults move differently from a strike-slip fault at the mid-oceanic ridge. Instead of the ridges moving away from each other, as they do in other strike-slip faults,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6618110", "chunk_text": "\"Oceanic crust\"\ncrust with laboratory determinations of seismic velocities in known rock types, and samples recovered from the ocean floor by submersibles, dredging (especially from ridge crests and fracture zones) and drilling. Oceanic crust is significantly simpler than continental crust and generally can be divided in three layers. According to mineral physics experiments, at lower mantle pressures, oceanic crust becomes denser than the surrounding mantle. The most voluminous volcanic rocks of the ocean floor are the mid-oceanic ridge basalts, which are derived from low-potassium tholeiitic magmas. These rocks have low concentrations of large ion lithophile elements (LILE), light rare earth elements (LREE),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19920853", "chunk_text": "\"Deep sea community\"\nas the Mid-Atlantic ridge as tectonic plates pull away from each other. The rate of spreading of plates is 1–5 cm/yr. Cold sea water circulates down through cracks between two plates and heats up as it passes through hot rock. Minerals and sulfides are dissolved into the water during the interaction with rock. Eventually, the hot solutions emanate from an active sub-seafloor rift, creating a hydrothermal vent. Chemosynthesis of bacteria provide the energy and organic matter for the whole food web in vent ecosystems. Giant tube worms can grow to tall because of the richness of nutrients. Over 300 new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9122051", "chunk_text": "\"Mid-ocean ridge\"\nas lava, creating new crust upon cooling. A mid-ocean ridge demarcates the boundary between two tectonic plates, and consequently is termed a divergent plate boundary. Mid-ocean ridges are geologically active, with continuing volcanism and seismicity. New magma steadily emerges onto the ocean floor and intrudes into the ocean crust at and near rifts along the ridge axes. The crystallized magma forms new crust of basalt (known as MORB for mid-ocean ridge basalt) and below it (in the lower oceanic crust), gabbro. MORs are formed by two oceanic plates moving away from each other. Hydrothermal vents are a common feature at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4842279", "chunk_text": "\"Seafloor spreading\"\nspreading zone while younger rocks will be found nearer to the spreading zone. Additionally spreading rates determine if the ridge is a fast, intermediate, or slow. As a general rule, fast ridges have spreading (opening) rates of more than 9 cm/year. Intermediate ridges have a spreading rate of 5–9 cm/year while slow spreading ridges have a rate less than 5 cm/year. Seafloor spreading occurs at spreading centers, distributed along the crests of mid-ocean ridges. Spreading centers end in transform faults or in overlapping spreading center offsets. A spreading center includes a seismically active plate boundary zone a few kilometers to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8947618", "chunk_text": "\"Vine–Matthews–Morley hypothesis\"\nVine–Matthews–Morley hypothesis The Vine–Matthews–Morley hypothesis, also known as the Morley–Vine–Matthews hypothesis, was the first key scientific test of the seafloor spreading theory of continental drift and plate tectonics. Harry Hess proposed the sea-floor spreading hypothesis in 1960 (published in 1962 ); the term \"\"spreading of the seafloor\"\" was introduced by geophysicist Robert S. Dietz in 1961 . According to Hess, seafloor was created at mid-oceanic ridges by the convection of the earth's mantle, pushing and spreading the older crust away from the ridge. Geophysicist Frederick John Vine and the Canadian geologist Lawrence W. Morley independently realized that if Hess’s seafloor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3395346", "chunk_text": "\"Seafloor spreading\"\nchange in water column height above the lithosphere as it expands or retracts. Both coefficients are related by: where formula_20 is the rock density and formula_21 is the density of water. By substituting the parameters by their rough estimates: formula_22 m/s, formula_23 °C and T ~1220 °C (for the Atlantic and Indian oceans) or ~1120 °C (for the eastern Pacific), we have: for the eastern Pacific Ocean, and: for the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean, where the height is in meters and time is in millions of years. To get the dependence on x, one must substitute t = x/v", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11876524", "chunk_text": "\"Continental crust\"\nContinental crust Continental crust is the layer of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks that forms the continents and the areas of shallow seabed close to their shores, known as continental shelves. This layer is sometimes called \"\"sial\"\" because its bulk composition is richer in silicates and aluminium minerals and has a lower density compared to the oceanic crust, called \"\"sima\"\" which is richer in magnesium silicate minerals and is denser. Changes in seismic wave velocities have shown that at a certain depth (the Conrad discontinuity), there is a reasonably sharp contrast between the more felsic upper continental crust and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14342479", "chunk_text": "Volcano\npressure leads to adiabatic expansion (without transfer of heat or matter) and the partial melting of the mantle, causing volcanism and creating new oceanic crust. Most divergent plate boundaries are at the bottom of the oceans; therefore, most volcanic activity on the Earth is submarine, forming new seafloor. Black smokers (also known as deep sea vents) are evidence of this kind of volcanic activity. Where the mid-oceanic ridge is above sea-level, volcanic islands are formed; for example, Iceland. Subduction zones are places where two plates, usually an oceanic plate and a continental plate, collide. In this case, the oceanic plate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15199440", "chunk_text": "\"Seafloor spreading\"\ndriver for seafloor spreading in plates with active margins is the weight of the cool, dense, subducting slabs that pull them along. The magmatism at the ridge is considered to be \"\"passive upswelling\"\", which is caused by the plates being pulled apart under the weight of their own slabs. This can be thought of as analogous to a rug on a table with little friction: when part of the rug is off of the table, its weight pulls the rest of the rug down with it. The depth of the seafloor (or the height of a location on a mid-ocean", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6618108", "chunk_text": "\"Oceanic crust\"\nhaving a mean density of about 3.0 grams per cubic centimeter as opposed to continental crust which has a density of about 2.7 grams per cubic centimeter. The crust uppermost is the result of the cooling of magma derived from mantle material below the plate. The magma is injected into the spreading center, which consists mainly of a partly solidified crystal mush derived from earlier injections, forming magma lenses that are the source of the sheeted dikes that feed the overlying pillow lavas. As the lavas cool they are, in most instances, modified chemically by seawater. These eruptions occur mostly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9122052", "chunk_text": "\"Mid-ocean ridge\"\noceanic spreading centers. Mid-ocean ridge basalt is a tholeiitic basalt and is characteristically low in incompatible elements. The rocks making up the crust below the seafloor are youngest along the axis of the ridge and age with increasing distance from that axis. New magma of basalt composition emerges at and near the axis because of decompression melting in the underlying Earth's mantle. The oceanic crust is made up of rocks much younger than the Earth itself. Most oceanic crust in the ocean basins is less than 200 million years old. The crust is in a constant state of \"\"renewal\"\" at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "723899", "chunk_text": "\"Earth's crustal evolution\"\ncrust, increasing the difficulty in determining its nature. Recycling of existing primordial crust contributes to the production of secondary crust. Partial melting of the existing crust increases the mafic content of the melt producing basaltic secondary crust. A further method of formation due to the decay of radioactive elements within the Earth releasing heat energy and eventually causing the partial melting of upper mantle, also producing basaltic lavas. As a result, most secondary crust on Earth is formed at mid ocean ridges forming the oceanic crust. The present day continental crust is an example of a tertiary crust. Tertiary crust", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2163887", "chunk_text": "Ophiolite\nThe final line of evidence supporting the origin of ophiolites as seafloor is the region of formation of the sediments over the pillow lavas: they were deposited in water over 2 km deep, far removed from land-sourced sediments. Despite the above observations, there are inconsistencies in the theory of ophiolites as oceanic crust, which suggests that newly generated ocean crust follows the full Wilson cycle before emplacement as an ophiolite. This requires ophiolites to be much older than the orogenies on which they lie, and therefore old and cold. However, radiometric and stratigraphic dating has found ophiolites to have undergone", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15199439", "chunk_text": "\"Seafloor spreading\"\ntheory of plate tectonics. In the 1960s, the past record of geomagnetic reversals was noticed by observing the magnetic stripe \"\"anomalies\"\" on the ocean floor. This results in broadly evident \"\"stripes\"\" from which the past magnetic field polarity can be inferred by looking at the data gathered from simply towing a magnetometer on the sea surface or from an aircraft. The stripes on one side of the mid-ocean ridge were the mirror image of those on the other side. The seafloor must have originated on the Earth's great fiery welts, like the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the East Pacific Rise. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11136247", "chunk_text": "\"Continental crust\"\ncontinental crust. It makes up about 70% of the volume of Earth's crust. Because the surface of continental crust mainly lies above sea level, its existence allowed land life to evolve from marine life. Its existence also provides broad expanses of shallow water known as epeiric seas and continental shelves where complex metazoan life could become established during early Paleozoic time, in what is now called the Cambrian explosion. All continental crust ultimately derives from the fractional differentiation of oceanic crust over many millions of years. This process has occurred, and continues to occur today, primarily as a result of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17191599", "chunk_text": "\"Earth science\"\nis known as plate tectonics. Plate tectonics might be thought of as the process by which the Earth is resurfaced. As the result of seafloor spreading, new crust and lithosphere is created by the flow of magma from the mantle to the near surface, through fissures, where it cools and solidifies. Through subduction, oceanic crust and lithosphere returns to the convecting mantle. Areas of the crust where new crust is created are called \"\"divergent boundaries\"\", those where it is brought back into the Earth are \"\"convergent boundaries\"\" and those where plates slide past each other, but no new lithospheric material", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15199455", "chunk_text": "\"Crust (geology)\"\nCrust (geology) In geology, the crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet, dwarf planet, or natural satellite. It is usually distinguished from the underlying mantle by its chemical makeup; however, in the case of icy satellites, it may be distinguished based on its phase (solid crust vs. liquid mantle). The crusts of Earth, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Io, and other planetary bodies formed via igneous processes, and were later modified by erosion, impact cratering, volcanism, and sedimentation. Most terrestrial planets have fairly uniform crusts. Earth, however, has two distinct types: continental crust and oceanic crust. These two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19514488", "chunk_text": "\"Volcanic passive margin\"\nare identified by typical seismic velocities between 7.2-7.7 km/s and are usually interpreted as layers of mafic to ultramafic rocks that have underplated the transitional crust. Asthenospheric upwelling leads to the formation of a mid-ocean ridge and new oceanic crust progressively separates the once-conjoined rift halves. Continued volcanic eruptions spread lava flows across transitional crust and onto oceanic crust. Due to the high rate of magmatic activity the new oceanic crust forms much thicker than typical oceanic crust. An example of this is Iceland where oceanic crust has been identified as being up to 40 km thick. Some have theorized", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4842350", "chunk_text": "\"Mid-Atlantic Ridge\"\nridge system led to the theory of seafloor spreading and general acceptance of Wegener's theory of continental drift and expansion in the modified form of plate tectonics. The ridge is central to the breakup of the hypothetical supercontinent of Pangaea that began some 180 million years ago. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge includes a deep rift valley that runs along the axis of the ridge along nearly its entire length. This rift marks the actual boundary between adjacent tectonic plates, where magma from the mantle reaches the seafloor, erupting as lava and producing new crustal material for the plates. Near the equator,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12701565", "chunk_text": "\"Plate tectonics\"\nand Indian Oceans. The distinction between oceanic crust and continental crust is based on their modes of formation. Oceanic crust is formed at sea-floor spreading centers, and continental crust is formed through arc volcanism and accretion of terranes through tectonic processes, though some of these terranes may contain ophiolite sequences, which are pieces of oceanic crust considered to be part of the continent when they exit the standard cycle of formation and spreading centers and subduction beneath continents. Oceanic crust is also denser than continental crust owing to their different compositions. Oceanic crust is denser because it has less silicon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_391	where was the first high level language operating system created?	n/a	[ "at IBM" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6418350", "chunk_text": "\"History of programming languages\"\nHistory of programming languages The first high-level programming language was Plankalkül, created by Konrad Zuse between 1942 and 1945. The first high-level language to have an associated compiler, was created by Corrado Böhm in 1951, for his PhD thesis. The first commercially available language was FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation); developed in 1956 (first manual appeared in 1956, but first developed in 1954) by a team led by John Backus at IBM. When FORTRAN was first introduced it was treated with suspicion because of the belief that programs compiled from high-level language would be less efficient than those written directly in machine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6576752", "chunk_text": "\"History of operating systems\"\nsupport large-scale time sharing, also patterned after the Dartmouth BASIC system. Burroughs Corporation introduced the B5000 in 1961 with the MCP (Master Control Program) operating system. The B5000 was a stack machine designed to exclusively support high-level languages, with no software, not even at the lowest level of the operating system, being written directly in machine language or assembly language; the MCP was the first OS to be written entirely in a high-level language - ESPOL, a dialect of ALGOL 60 - although ESPOL had specialized statements for each \"\"syllable\"\" in the B5000 instruction set. MCP also introduced many other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "399159", "chunk_text": "\"High-level programming language\"\nCOBOL and Fortran. The first high-level programming language designed for computers was Plankalkül, created by Konrad Zuse. However, it was not implemented in his time, and his original contributions were largely isolated from other developments due to World War II, aside from the language's influence on the \"\"Superplan\"\" language by Heinz Rutishauser and also to some degree Algol. The first significantly widespread high-level language was Fortran, a machine-independent development of IBM's earlier Autocode systems. Algol, defined in 1958 and 1960 by committees of European and American computer scientists, introduced recursion as well as nested functions under lexical scope. It was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4374702", "chunk_text": "\"Burroughs MCP\"\nis now widely practised and is the essence of Open Innovation. This management innovation of community development dated back to the 1970s. The MCP was the first OS developed exclusively in a high-level language. Over its 50-year history, it has had many firsts in a commercial implementation, including virtual memory, symmetric multiprocessing, and a high-level job control language (WFL). It has long had many facilities that are only now appearing in other widespread operating systems, and together with the Burroughs large systems architecture, the MCP provides a very secure, high performance, multitasking and transaction processing environment. Burroughs MCP The MCP", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11426198", "chunk_text": "\"Operating system\"\n1961, Burroughs Corporation introduced the B5000 with the MCP, (Master Control Program) operating system. The B5000 was a stack machine designed to exclusively support high-level languages with no machine language or assembler, and indeed the MCP was the first OS to be written exclusively in a high-level language ESPOL, a dialect of ALGOL. MCP also introduced many other ground-breaking innovations, such as being the first commercial implementation of virtual memory. During development of the AS/400, IBM made an approach to Burroughs to license MCP to run on the AS/400 hardware. This proposal was declined by Burroughs management to protect its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5584046", "chunk_text": "\"High-level language computer architecture\"\nprograms and simple compilers. The advantages of HLLCAs can be alternatively achieved in HLL Computer \"\"Systems\"\" (language-based systems) in alternative ways, primarily via compilers or interpreters: the system is still written in a HLL, but there is a trusted base in software running on an lower-level architecture. This has been the approach followed since circa 1980: for example, a Java system where the runtime environment itself is written in C, but the operating system and applications written in Java. Since the 1980s the focus of research and implementation in general-purpose computer architectures has primarily been in RISC-like architectures, typically internally", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14488300", "chunk_text": "\"Programming language theory\"\nuntil 1998). The first widely known and successful high-level programming language was Fortran, developed from 1954 to 1957 by a team of IBM researchers led by John Backus. The success of FORTRAN led to the formation of a committee of scientists to develop a \"\"universal\"\" computer language; the result of their effort was ALGOL 58. Separately, John McCarthy of MIT developed the Lisp programming language (based on the lambda calculus), the first language with origins in academia to be successful. With the success of these initial efforts, programming languages became an active topic of research in the 1960s and beyond.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6200631", "chunk_text": "\"High-level language computer architecture\"\nA detailed survey and critique can be found in . HLLCAs date almost to the beginning of HLLs, in the Burroughs large systems (1961), which were designed for ALGOL 60 (1960), one of the first HLLs. The most well-known HLLCAs are the Lisp machines of the 1970s and 1980s (for Lisp, 1959). At present the most popular HLLCAs are Java processors, for Java (1995), and these are a qualified success, being used for certain applications. A recent architecture in this vein is the Heterogeneous System Architecture (2012), which HSA Intermediate Layer (HSAIL) provides instruction set support for HLL features such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2809629", "chunk_text": "\"History of programming languages\"\nlocal circumstances, and was noted for its object code optimisation and source-language diagnostics which were advanced for the time. A contemporary but separate thread of development, Atlas Autocode was developed for the University of Manchester Atlas 1 machine. In 1954, language FORTRAN was invented at IBM by a team led by John Backus; it was the first widely used high level general purpose programming language to have a functional implementation, as opposed to just a design on paper. It is still a popular language for high-performance computing and is used for programs that benchmark and rank the world's fastest supercomputers.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5584048", "chunk_text": "\"High-level language computer architecture\"\nof RISC computers in the 1980s was primarily due to early adoption of on-chip cache and room for large registers, rather than intrinsic advantages of RISC. High-level language computer architecture A high-level language computer architecture (HLLCA) is a computer architecture designed to be targeted by a specific high-level language, rather than the architecture being dictated by hardware considerations. It is accordingly also termed language-directed computer design, coined in and primarily used in the 1960s and 1970s. HLLCAs were popular in the 1960s and 1970s, but largely disappeared in the 1980s. This followed the dramatic failure of the Intel 432 (1981)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6200630", "chunk_text": "\"High-level language computer architecture\"\nHigh-level language computer architecture A high-level language computer architecture (HLLCA) is a computer architecture designed to be targeted by a specific high-level language, rather than the architecture being dictated by hardware considerations. It is accordingly also termed language-directed computer design, coined in and primarily used in the 1960s and 1970s. HLLCAs were popular in the 1960s and 1970s, but largely disappeared in the 1980s. This followed the dramatic failure of the Intel 432 (1981) and the emergence of optimizing compilers and reduced instruction set computing (RISC) architecture and RISC-like CISC architectures, and the later development of just-in-time compilation for HLLs.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12117534", "chunk_text": "PL/I\nGermany for the DOS/360 low end operating system. It implements a subset of the PL/I language requiring all strings and arrays to have fixed extents, thus simplifying the run-time environment. Reflecting the underlying operating system, it lacks dynamic storage allocation and the \"\"controlled\"\" storage class. It was shipped within a year of PL/I F. Compilers were implemented by several groups in the early 1960s. The Multics project at MIT, one of the first to develop an operating system in a high-level language, used Early PL/I (EPL), a subset dialect of PL/I, as their implementation language in 1964. EPL was developed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15476045", "chunk_text": "\"Address programming language\"\nAddress programming language The Address programming language ( ) is one of the world's first high-level programming languages. It was created in 1955 by Ekaterina Yushchenko. In particular, the Address programming language made possible indirect addressing and addresses of the highest rank analogous to pointers. Unlike Fortran and ALGOL 60, APL (Address programming language) supported indirect addressing and addressing of higher ranks. Indirect addressing is a mechanism that appeared in other programming languages much later (1963–65 in PL/1). The Address language was implemented on all the computers of the first and second generation produced in the Soviet Union. The Address", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15656490", "chunk_text": "\"High-level assembler\"\nHigh-level assembler High-level assemblers in computing are assemblers for assembly language that incorporate features found in high-level programming languages. The earliest high-level assembler was probably Burroughs ESPOL in about 1960, which provided an ALGOL-like syntax around explicitly-specified B5000 machine instructions. This was followed by Niklaus Wirth's PL360 in 1968; this replicated the Burroughs facilities, with which he was familiar, on an IBM System/360. More recent high-level assemblers are Borland's TASM, NASM, Microsoft's MASM, IBM's HLASM (for z/Architecture systems), Alessandro Ghignola's Linoleum and Ziron. High-level assemblers typically provide instructions that directly assemble one-to-one into low-level machine code as in any assembler,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15895618", "chunk_text": "\"High-level language computer architecture\"\na HLLCA may simply be a general-purpose computer architecture with some features specifically to support a given HLL or several HLLs. This was found in Lisp machines from the 1970s onward, which augmented general-purpose processors with operations specifically designed to support Lisp. The Burroughs Large Systems (1961) were the first HLLCA, designed to support ALGOL (1959), one of the earliest HLLs. This was referred to at the time as \"\"language-directed design.\"\" The Burroughs Medium Systems (1966) were designed to support COBOL for business applications. The Burroughs Small Systems (mid-1970s, designed from late 1960s) were designed to support multiple HLLs by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9533685", "chunk_text": "\"Interpreter (computing)\"\nlanguage is an interpreter or a compiler, respectively. A high level language is ideally an abstraction independent of particular implementations. Interpreters were used as early as 1952 to ease programming within the limitations of computers at the time (e.g. a shortage of program storage space, or no native support for floating point numbers). Interpreters were also used to translate between low-level machine languages, allowing code to be written for machines that were still under construction and tested on computers that already existed. The first interpreted high-level language was Lisp. Lisp was first implemented in 1958 by Steve Russell on an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15476047", "chunk_text": "\"Address programming language\"\ntools can be found in many programming-related fields, such as abstract data types, object-oriented programming, functional programming, database and artificial intelligence. Address programming language The Address programming language ( ) is one of the world's first high-level programming languages. It was created in 1955 by Ekaterina Yushchenko. In particular, the Address programming language made possible indirect addressing and addresses of the highest rank analogous to pointers. Unlike Fortran and ALGOL 60, APL (Address programming language) supported indirect addressing and addressing of higher ranks. Indirect addressing is a mechanism that appeared in other programming languages much later (1963–65 in PL/1). The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6200642", "chunk_text": "\"High-level language computer architecture\"\nis the SAFE project. Compare language-based systems, where the software (especially operating system) is based around a safe, high-level language, though the hardware need not be: the \"\"trusted base\"\" may still be in a lower level language. A detailed critique is given in . The simplest reason for the lack of success of HLLCAs is that from 1980 optimizing compilers resulted in much faster code and were easier to develop than implementing a language in microcode. Many compiler optimizations require complex analysis and rearrangement of the code, so the machine code is very different from the original source code. These", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15895619", "chunk_text": "\"High-level language computer architecture\"\na writable control store. These were all mainframes. The Wang 2200 (1973) series were designed with a BASIC interpreter in micro-code. The Pascal MicroEngine (1979) was designed for the UCSD Pascal form of Pascal, and used p-code (Pascal compiler bytecode) as its machine code. This was influential on the later development of Java and Java machines. Lisp machines (1970s and 1980s) were a well-known and influential group of HLLCAs. Intel iAPX 432 (1981) was designed to support Ada. This was Intel's first 32-bit processor design, and was intended to be Intel's main processor family for the 1980s, but failed commercially.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10519760", "chunk_text": "Linux\nfreely redistributable, anyone may create a distribution for any intended use. The Unix operating system was conceived and implemented in 1969, at AT&T's Bell Laboratories in the United States by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Douglas McIlroy, and Joe Ossanna. First released in 1971, Unix was written entirely in assembly language, as was common practice at the time. Later, in a key pioneering approach in 1973, it was rewritten in the C programming language by Dennis Ritchie (with the exception of some hardware and I/O routines). The availability of a high-level language implementation of Unix made its porting to different computer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5506310", "chunk_text": "\"Programming language\"\nwere still closely tied to the instruction set architecture of the specific computer. These served to make the program much more human-readable and relieved the programmer of tedious and error-prone address calculations. The first \"\"high-level programming languages\"\", or \"\"third-generation programming languages\"\" (3GL), were written in the 1950s. An early high-level programming language to be designed for a computer was Plankalkül, developed for the German Z3 by Konrad Zuse between 1943 and 1945. However, it was not implemented until 1998 and 2000. John Mauchly's Short Code, proposed in 1949, was one of the first high-level languages ever developed for an electronic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8293846", "chunk_text": "Compiler\nthe analysis into the target code. Optimization between the front end and back end could produce more efficient target code. Some early milestones in the development of compiler technology: Early operating systems and software were written in assembly language. In the 60s and early 70s, the use of high-level languages for system programming was still controversial due to resource limitations. However, several research and industry efforts began the shift toward high-level systems programming languages, for example, BCPL, BLISS, B, and C. BCPL (Basic Combined Programming Language) designed in 1966 by Martin Richards at the University of Cambridge was originally developed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17725865", "chunk_text": "\"History of compiler construction\"\nUNIVAC and IBM mainframe computers. The Multics project, a joint venture between MIT and Bell Labs, was one of the first to develop an operating system in a high level language. PL/I was chosen as the language, but an external supplier could not supply a working compiler. The Multics team developed their own subset dialect of PL/I known as Early PL/I (EPL) as their implementation language in 1964. TMG was ported to GE-600 series and used to develop EPL by Douglas McIlroy, Robert Morris, and others. Not long after Ken Thompson wrote the first version of Unix for the PDP-7", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12229345", "chunk_text": "\"Language-based system\"\nLanguage-based system A language-based system is a type of operating system that uses language features to provide security, instead of or in addition to hardware mechanisms. In such systems, code referred to as the \"\"trusted base\"\" is responsible for approving programs for execution, assuring they cannot perform operations detrimental to the system's stability without first being detected and dealt with. A very common strategy of guaranteeing such operations are impossible is to base the system around a high-level language, such as Java, whose design precludes dangerous constructs; many are entirely written in such a language, with only the minimum amount", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8000283", "chunk_text": "\"Burroughs MCP\"\nBurroughs MCP The MCP (Master Control Program) is the proprietary operating system of the Burroughs small, medium and large systems, including the Unisys Clearpath/MCP systems. Originally written in 1961 in ESPOL (Executive Systems Programming Language), which itself was an extension of Burroughs Extended ALGOL, in the 1970s it was converted to NEWP, a better structured, more robust, and more secure form of ESPOL. The MCP was a leader in many areas, including: the first operating system to manage multiple processors, the first commercial implementation of virtual memory, and the first OS written exclusively in a high-level language. In 1961, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6200643", "chunk_text": "\"High-level language computer architecture\"\noptimizations are either impossible or impractical to implement in microcode, due to the complexity and the overhead. Analogous performance problems have a long history with interpreted languages (dating to Lisp (1958)), only being resolved adequately for practical use by just-in-time compilation, pioneered in Self and commercialized in the HotSpot Java virtual machine (1999). The fundamental problem is that HLLCAs only simplify the code generation step of compilers, which is typically a relatively small part of compilation, and a questionable use of computing power (transistors and microcode). At the minimum tokenization is required, and typically syntactic analysis and basic semantic checks", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3637444", "chunk_text": "\"High-level programming language\"\nthe HLL code. This is known as a \"\"high-level language computer architecture\"\" – the computer architecture itself is designed to be targeted by a specific high-level language. The Burroughs large systems were target machines for Algol 60, for example. High-level programming language In computer science, a high-level programming language is a programming language with strong abstraction from the details of the computer. In contrast to low-level programming languages, it may use natural language \"\"elements\"\", be easier to use, or may automate (or even hide entirely) significant areas of computing systems (e.g. memory management), making the process of developing a program", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17888606", "chunk_text": "\"Burroughs MCP\"\nMCP was the first OS written exclusively in a high-level language (HLL). The Burroughs Large System (B5000 and successors) were unique in that they were designed with the expectation that all software, including system software, would be written in an HLL rather than in assembly language, which was a unique and innovative approach in 1961. Unlike IBM, which faced hardware competition after the departure of Gene Amdahl, Burroughs software was designed to run only on proprietary hardware. For this reason, Burroughs was free to distribute the source code of all software it sold, including the MCP, which was designed with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14478008", "chunk_text": "\"APL (programming language)\"\nthe APL character set was much larger than the 88 characters allowed on the typing element, even when letters were restricted to upper-case (capitals). The first APL interactive login and creation of an APL workspace was in 1966 by Larry Breed using an IBM 1050 terminal at the IBM Mohansic Labs near Thomas J. Watson Research Center, the home of APL, in Yorktown Heights, New York. IBM was chiefly responsible for introducing APL to the marketplace. APL was first available in 1967 for the IBM 1130 as \"\"APL\\1130\"\". It would run in as little as 8k 16-bit words of memory,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "690857", "chunk_text": "PL/M\nPL/M The PL/M programming language is a high-level language conceived and developed by Gary Kildall in 1973 for Hank Smith at Intel for its microprocessors. The language incorporated ideas from PL/I, ALGOL and XPL, and had an integrated macro processor. Unlike other contemporary languages such as Pascal, C or BASIC, PL/M had no standard input or output routines. It included features targeted at the low-level hardware specific to the target microprocessors, and as such, it could support direct access to any location in memory, I/O ports and the processor interrupt flags in a very efficient manner. PL/M was the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15656492", "chunk_text": "\"High-level assembler\"\npush parameters on the stack rather than the programmer having to manually write the code to do this). High-level assemblers also provide data abstractions normally found in high-level languages. Examples include structures, unions, classes, and sets. Some high-level assemblers (e.g., TASM and HLA) support object-oriented programming. High-level assembler High-level assemblers in computing are assemblers for assembly language that incorporate features found in high-level programming languages. The earliest high-level assembler was probably Burroughs ESPOL in about 1960, which provided an ALGOL-like syntax around explicitly-specified B5000 machine instructions. This was followed by Niklaus Wirth's PL360 in 1968; this replicated the Burroughs facilities,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3991203", "chunk_text": "BCPL\n(CTSS), was written while Richards was visiting Project MAC at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the spring of 1967. The language was first described in a paper presented to the 1969 Spring Joint Computer Conference. BCPL has been rumored to have originally stood for \"\"Bootstrap Cambridge Programming Language\"\", but CPL was never created since development stopped at BCPL, and the acronym was later reinterpreted for the BCPL book. BCPL is the language in which the original hello world program was written. The first MUD was also written in BCPL (MUD1). Several operating systems were written partially or wholly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2418015", "chunk_text": "\"Incompatible Timesharing System\"\nlab. ITS was written in assembly language, originally for the Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-6 computer, but the majority of ITS development and use was on the later PDP-10. Although not used as intensively after about 1986, ITS continued to operate at MIT until 1990, and then until 1995 at Stacken Computer Club in Sweden. ITS introduced many then-new features: The environment seen by ITS users was philosophically significantly different from that provided by most operating systems at the time. The wide-open ITS philosophy and collaborative community were the direct forerunner of the free and open-source software, open-design, and Wiki movements.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13062152", "chunk_text": "\"Han unification\"\ninternationally adopted, and is built into the architecture of operating systems (Microsoft Windows, Apple macOS, and many Unix-like systems), programming languages (Perl, Python, C#, Java, Common Lisp, APL, C, C++), and libraries (IBM International Components for Unicode (ICU) along with the Pango, Graphite, Scribe, Uniscribe, and ATSUI rendering engines), font formats (TrueType and OpenType) and so on. In March 1989, a (B)TRON-based system was adopted by Japanese government organizations \"\"Center for Educational Computing\"\" as the system of choice for school education including compulsory education. However, in April, a report titled \"\"1989 National Trade Estimate Report on Foreign Trade Barriers\"\" from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "399158", "chunk_text": "\"High-level programming language\"\nHigh-level programming language In computer science, a high-level programming language is a programming language with strong abstraction from the details of the computer. In contrast to low-level programming languages, it may use natural language \"\"elements\"\", be easier to use, or may automate (or even hide entirely) significant areas of computing systems (e.g. memory management), making the process of developing a program simpler and more understandable than when using a lower-level language. The amount of abstraction provided defines how \"\"high-level\"\" a programming language is. In the 1960s, high-level programming languages using a compiler were commonly called autocodes. Examples of autocodes are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13550692", "chunk_text": "Speedcoding\nSpeedcoding Speedcoding or Speedcode was the first high-level programming language created for an IBM computer. The language was developed by John Backus in 1953 for the IBM 701 to support computation with floating point numbers. Here high level means symbolic and aiming for natural language expressivity as a goal as opposed to machine or hardware instruction oriented coding. The idea arose from the difficulty of programming the IBM SSEC machine when Backus was hired to calculate astronomical positions in early 1950. The speedcoding system was an interpreter and focused on ease of use at the expense of system resources. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5506313", "chunk_text": "\"Programming language\"\nwas developed for the University of Manchester Atlas 1 machine. In 1954, FORTRAN was invented at IBM by John Backus. It was the first widely used high-level general purpose programming language to have a functional implementation, as opposed to just a design on paper. It is still a popular language for high-performance computing and is used for programs that benchmark and rank the world's fastest supercomputers. Another early programming language was devised by Grace Hopper in the US, called FLOW-MATIC. It was developed for the UNIVAC I at Remington Rand during the period from 1955 until 1959. Hopper found that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5689715", "chunk_text": "\"X Window System\"\nEnglish alphabet). W ran under the V operating system. W used a network protocol supporting terminal and graphics windows, the server maintaining display lists. The original idea of X emerged at MIT in 1984 as a collaboration between Jim Gettys (of Project Athena) and Bob Scheifler (of the MIT Laboratory for Computer Science). Scheifler needed a usable display environment for debugging the Argus system. Project Athena (a joint project between Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), MIT and IBM to provide easy access to computing resources for all students) needed a platform-independent graphics system to link together its heterogeneous multiple-vendor systems; the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7947137", "chunk_text": "\"System programming language\"\nusually still required some routines to be written in assembly language. Mid-level languages \"\"have much of the syntax and facilities of a higher level language, but also provide direct access in the language (as well as providing assembly language) to machine features.\"\" The earliest of these was ESPOL on Burroughs mainframes in about 1960, followed by Niklaus Wirth's PL360 (initially written on a Burroughs system as a cross compiler), which had the general syntax of ALGOL 60 but whose statements directly manipulated CPU registers and memory. Other languages in this category include MOL-360 and PL/S. As an example, a typical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15895621", "chunk_text": "\"High-level language computer architecture\"\neager to escape the bottlenecks caused by emulating their underlying models. Niklaus Wirth's Lilith project included a custom CPU geared toward the Modula-2 language. The INMOS Transputer was designed to support concurrent programming, using occam. The AT&T Hobbit processor, stemming from a design called CRISP (C-language Reduced Instruction Set Processor), was optimized to run C code. In the late 1990s, there were plans by Sun Microsystems and other companies to build CPUs that directly (or closely) implemented the stack-based Java virtual machine. As a result, several Java processors have been built and used. Ericsson developed ECOMP, a processor designed to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10945067", "chunk_text": "\"John Backus\"\nstatic typing systems instead of, as in APL, the concatenation of primitive operations. Many of the language's ideas have now been implemented in versions of the J programming language, Iverson's successor to APL. John Backus John Warner Backus (December 3, 1924 – March 17, 2007) was an American computer scientist. He directed the team that invented and implemented FORTRAN, the first widely used high-level programming language, and was the inventor of the Backus–Naur form (BNF), a widely used notation to define formal language syntax. He later did research into the function-level programming paradigm, presenting his findings in his influential 1977", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5116094", "chunk_text": "\"High Order Language Working Group\"\nHigh Order Language Working Group The High Order Language Working Group (HOLWG) was a working group instrumental in developing the Ada computer programming language. The group was established in 1975 with the goal of establishing a single high level programming language appropriate for United States Department of Defense (DoD) real-time embedded computer systems. Colonel William A. Whitaker chaired the group. The group was centered in the US, but input was solicited from international experts. European experts responded well, which was valuable since language research there, during the prior decade, was more active than in the US. Some highly accomplished academics", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13778436", "chunk_text": "\"CS-4 (programming language)\"\nCS-4 (programming language) CS-4 is a programming language and an operating system interface. It was developed in the early 1970s at Intermetrics in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The first published manual was released in December 1973, entitled \"\"CS-4 Language Reference Manual and Operating System Interface\"\". The document had three parts: CS-4 Base Language Capabilities; CS-4 Operating System Interface; and Overview of Full CS-4 Capabilities. Little is known about the CS-4 language, but it was developed for the United States Navy in the 1970s, and was an ongoing research project, which was continuing the study of extensibility and abstraction techniques to develop a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3339817", "chunk_text": "Multics\nMultics Multics (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service) is an influential early time-sharing operating system, based around the concept of a single-level memory. Virtually all modern operating systems were heavily influenced by Multics – often through Unix, which was created by some of the people who had worked on Multics – either directly (Linux, macOS) or indirectly (Windows NT). Initial planning and development for Multics started in 1964, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Originally it was a cooperative project led by MIT (Project MAC with Fernando Corbató) along with General Electric and Bell Labs. It was developed on the GE 645 computer, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6576754", "chunk_text": "\"History of operating systems\"\nsystems were not derived from the original GECOS. Project MAC at MIT, working with GE and Bell Labs, developed Multics, which introduced the concept of ringed security privilege levels. Digital Equipment Corporation developed TOPS-10 for its PDP-10 line of 36-bit computers in 1967. Before the widespread use of Unix, TOPS-10 was a particularly popular system in universities, and in the early ARPANET community. Bolt, Beranek, and Newman developed TENEX for a modified PDP-10 that supported demand paging; this was another popular system in the research and ARPANET communities, and was later developed by DEC into TOPS-20. Scientific Data Systems/Xerox Data", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "980454", "chunk_text": "\"Supercomputer operating systems\"\ndeveloping supercomputers, rising software costs soon became dominant, as evidenced by the 1980s cost for software development at Cray growing to equal their cost for hardware. That trend was partly responsible for a move away from the in-house Cray Operating System to UNICOS system based on Unix. In 1985, the Cray 2 was the first system to ship with the UNICOS operating system. Around the same time, the EOS operating system was developed by ETA Systems for use in their ETA10 supercomputers. Written in Cybil, a Pascal-like language from Control Data Corporation, EOS highlighted the stability problems in developing stable", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18456780", "chunk_text": "\"John Backus\"\nin 1950. During his first three years, he worked on the Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC); his first major project was to write a program to calculate positions of the Moon. In 1953 Backus developed the language Speedcoding, the first high-level language created for an IBM computer, to aid in software development for the IBM 701 computer. Programming was very difficult at this time, and in 1954 Backus assembled a team to define and develop Fortran for the IBM 704 computer. Fortran was the first high-level programming language to be put to broad use. Backus served on the international committees", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14477138", "chunk_text": "\"Assembly language\"\naccess to specialized processor instructions, or to address critical performance issues. Typical uses are device drivers, low-level embedded systems, and real-time systems. Historically, numerous programs have been written entirely in assembly language. The Burroughs MCP (1961) was the first computer for which an operating system was not developed entirely in assembly language; it was written in Executive Systems Problem Oriented Language (ESPOL), an Algol dialect. Many commercial applications were written in assembly language as well, including a large amount of the IBM mainframe software written by large corporations. COBOL, FORTRAN and some PL/I eventually displaced much of this work, although", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5584045", "chunk_text": "\"High-level language computer architecture\"\nordinary use. Further, HLLCAs are typically optimized for a single language, supporting other languages more poorly. Similar issues arise in multi-language virtual machines, notably the Java virtual machine (designed for Java) and the .NET Common Language Runtime (designed for C#), where other languages are second-class citizens, and often must hew closely to the main language in semantics. For this reason lower-level ISAs allow multiple languages to be well-supported, given compiler support. However, a similar issue arises even for many apparently language-neutral processors, which are well-supported by C, and where transpiling to C (rather than directly targeting the hardware) yields efficient", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15895622", "chunk_text": "\"High-level language computer architecture\"\nrun Erlang. It was never commercially produced. The HSA Intermediate Layer (HSAIL) of the Heterogeneous System Architecture (2012) provides a virtual instruction set to abstract away from the underlying ISAs, and has support for HLL features such as exceptions and virtual functions, and include debugging support. HLLCA are frequently implemented via a stack machine (as in the Burroughs Large Systems and Intel 432), and implemented the HLL via microcode in the processor (as in Burroughs Small Systems and Pascal MicroEngine). Tagged architectures are frequently used to support types (as in the Burroughs Large Systems and Lisp machines). More radical examples", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_392	who played shaggy in the new scooby doo movie?	n/a	[ "Matthew Lyn Lillard" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6957352", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew Lillard\"\nMatthew Lillard Matthew Lyn Lillard (born January 24, 1970) is an American actor, voice actor, director, and producer. He is known for portraying Chip in \"\"Serial Mom\"\" (1994), Emmanuel \"\"Cereal Killer\"\" Goldstein in \"\"Hackers\"\" (1995), Stu Macher in \"\"Scream\"\" (1996), Stevo in \"\"SLC Punk!\"\" (1998), Billy Brubaker in \"\"Summer Catch\"\" (2001), Jerry Conlaine in \"\"Without a Paddle\"\" (2004), Dez Howard in \"\"The Groomsmen\"\" (2006), Joey in \"\"Home Run Showdown\"\" (2012), Jack Rusoe in \"\"Return to Nim's Island\"\" (2013) and Shaggy Rogers in both \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" (2002) and \"\"\"\" (2004). In animation, he has been the current voice of Shaggy since veteran", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9871745", "chunk_text": "Scooby-Doo\nof Shaggy, while Welker, Cohn, and DeLisle continued in their respective roles. Patrick Warburton, Linda Cardellini, Lewis Black, Vivica A. Fox, Gary Cole, Udo Kier, Tim Matheson, Tia Carrere, and Kate Higgins were added as new semi-regular cast members. Casey Kasem appeared in a recurring role as Shaggy's father, one of his last roles before retiring due to declining health. The series, while still following the basic mystery-solving format of its predecessors, was broadcast as a 52-chapter animated televised novel and included elements similar to live-action mystery/adventure shows such as \"\"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\"\" and \"\"Lost.\"\" An overarching mystery surrounding", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12108259", "chunk_text": "\"Scooby-Doo! Abracadabra-Doo\"\nfirst week and as of January 2013, it has sold approximately 433,000 units. This marks the first Scooby-Doo animated movie to feature Matthew Lillard voicing Shaggy Rogers (having previously played the character in the 2002 and 2004 live-action films), as well as the first \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" production since \"\"Scooby-Doo and the Cyber Chase\"\" not to feature original Shaggy voice actor Casey Kasem in any capacity. The animation is now in a different format, with a darker, more realistic look similar to \"\"Zombie Island\"\" and \"\"Witch's Ghost\"\", and the characters are now in their original outfits and designs from the classic original", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1202653", "chunk_text": "Scooby-Doo\nfirst feature film, \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" returned to Saturday morning for the first time in 17 years with \"\"What's New, Scooby-Doo?\"\", which aired on Kids' WB from 2002 until 2006. Produced by Warner Bros. Animation, the show follows the format of the original series but places it in the 21st century, featuring a heavy promotion of modern technology (computers, DVD, the Internet, cell phones) and culture. Beginning with this series, Frank Welker took over as Scooby's voice actor, while continuing to provide the voice of Fred as well. Casey Kasem returned as Shaggy, on the condition that the character be depicted as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11197152", "chunk_text": "\"What's New, Scooby-Doo?\"\nseries have aired on both Cartoon Network and Boomerang in the United States. It also aired on Teletoon in Canada, and CBBC in the United Kingdom. For this incarnation of the franchise, Frank Welker, the voice of Fred, took over as Scooby's voice (replacing both Don Messick, the original voice of Scooby, who died in 1997 and Scott Innes, the second voice of the character in the made-for-video films released between 1998 and 2001). Casey Kasem returned as Shaggy, seven years after he had quit the role; Grey DeLisle returned as Daphne's voice (having previously voiced the character in \"\"Scooby-Doo", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7228415", "chunk_text": "\"Scooby-Doo (film)\"\nthe souls went back into proper alignment.\"\" In 2017, the 15th anniversary of the release of the film, James Gunn, the screenwriter for the movie, revealed in a Facebook post that there was an R-rated cut of \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" and that CGI was used to remove cleavage of the female cast members. Actors Freddie Prinze Jr. and Sarah Michelle Gellar, who portray Fred and Daphne and are romantically involved in the film and series, became real-life husband and wife shortly after the film was released. When asked about watching several cartoons before playing Shaggy, Lillard responded, \"\"Everything I could get my", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12913506", "chunk_text": "Scooby-Doo\nWelker as the voice of Scooby-Doo. A second live-action TV movie, \"\"Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster\"\", retained the same cast and aired on October 16, 2010 and a direct-to-video spin-off \"\"Daphne & Velma\"\" in 2018. The three films serve as prequels taking place before the events of the 2002 film. A feature-length live-action film version of \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" was released by Warner Bros. Pictures on June 14, 2002. Directed by Raja Gosnell, the film starred Freddie Prinze Jr. as Fred, Sarah Michelle Gellar as Daphne, Matthew Lillard as Shaggy, and Linda Cardellini as Velma. Scooby-Doo, voiced by Neil Fanning, was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1202649", "chunk_text": "Scooby-Doo\nScooby-Doo\"\", using that show's voice cast. Entries from 2010 on use the original 1969 designs and feature Matthew Lillard as the voice of Shaggy, the character Lillard portrayed in the live-action theatrical \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" films. Two Scooby-Doo! movies were released in 2016, named \"\"Lego Scooby-Doo! Haunted Hollywood\"\" and \"\"\"\". In addition, a live-action TV movie, \"\"Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins\"\", was released on DVD and simultaneously aired on Cartoon Network on September 13, 2009, the 40th anniversary of the series' debut. The film starred Nick Palatas as Shaggy, Robbie Amell as Fred, Kate Melton as Daphne, Hayley Kiyoko as Velma, and Frank", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14209421", "chunk_text": "\"Scott Innes\"\nScott Innes Scott Innes (born October 1, 1966) is an American voice actor, author, songwriter and radio personality. Innes became the voice of Scooby-Doo between 1998 and 2002 after Don Messick's death in 1997. From 1999 to 2002, he was also the voice of Scooby's best friend and owner Norville \"\"Shaggy\"\" Rogers. He was replaced by Frank Welker (as Scooby) and by Casey Kasem (as Shaggy) in 2002, although Innes still provided the voices in video game projects and some commercials until 2009. He also voiced Scooby's nephew Scrappy-Doo in the live action movie \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" (2002). He voiced Fred Flintstone", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7017639", "chunk_text": "\"Nick Palatas\"\nNick Palatas Nicholas Edward \"\"Nick\"\" Palatas (born January 22, 1988) is an American actor. Palatas has appeared in two short films, titled \"\"The Erogenous Zone\"\" and \"\"Love\"\" and has been in several ads. In 2009, he played Norville \"\"Shaggy\"\" Rogers in the film, \"\"Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins\"\" and reprised the role in \"\"Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster\"\" which aired in October 2010. A newcomer to the Scooby-Doo series, Palatas took over for Matthew Lillard. Palatas has two brothers, Phillip Palatas and actor Cameron Palatas. He is married to Marissa Denig (sister of actress Maggie Grace), with whom he has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3719729", "chunk_text": "\"Shaggy Rogers\"\n2010, Matthew Lillard, who also played Shaggy in the 2002 and 2004 live-action films, took over the voice of Shaggy. Lillard also played Shaggy in \"\"Robot Chicken\"\" and \"\"MAD\"\". Nick Palatas played Shaggy in the 2009 and 2010 live-action films. Voiced By: Portrayed By: Relatives of Shaggy shown during the series include: In some of the \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" series, Shaggy is born in Coolsville, Ohio. When he was old enough to go to school he adopted Scooby–Doo from the Knittingham Puppy Farm. Later on, he met Fred Jones, Daphne Blake, and Velma Dinkley. They became friends and they decided to be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6957356", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew Lillard\"\nIn 2011, he produced and directed his first feature film, \"\"Fat Kid Rules the World\"\", based on the K. L. Going book of the same name. Later that year, he appeared in the comedy-drama film \"\"The Descendants\"\". Lillard also reprised the voice role of Shaggy in the crossover episode in the television series \"\"Supernatural\"\" in 2018. In 2012, Lillard guest starred in the \"\"Criminal Minds\"\" episode \"\"The Apprenticeship\"\". The following year, he played the role of Daniel Frye on the American TV series \"\"The Bridge\"\". In 2014, Lillard starred as Peter in the animated film \"\"Under Wraps\"\", alongside Brooke Shields", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11363184", "chunk_text": "\"Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed\"\nScooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed is a 2004 American live-action/computer-animated family horror comedy film, based on the animated television series. It is the second installment in the \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" live-action film series and a sequel to 2002's \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\", and was directed by Raja Gosnell, written by James Gunn and released by Warner Bros. Pictures. The film stars Freddie Prinze Jr., Sarah Michelle Gellar, Linda Cardellini, Matthew Lillard, Seth Green, Tim Blake Nelson, Peter Boyle and Alicia Silverstone, with Neil Fanning reprising his role as the voice of Scooby-Doo. Mystery Inc. (Fred, Daphne, Velma, Shaggy and Scooby-Doo) attend the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14560802", "chunk_text": "\"Scooby-Doo! (film series)\"\nGosnell, the film starred Freddie Prinze, Jr., as Fred, Sarah Michelle Gellar as Daphne, Matthew Lillard as Shaggy, and Linda Cardellini as Velma. Scooby-Doo was created on-screen by computer-generated special effects and his voice was provided by Neil Fanning. The plot shows the Mystery, Inc. coming back together after two years of separation, to investigate an amusement park called Spooky Island, where they deal with real demons. The film was a financially successful release, with a domestic box office gross of over $130 million. However, the film was not well reviewed, but was a great hit with young audiences and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7228416", "chunk_text": "\"Scooby-Doo (film)\"\nhands on. If I ever have to see another episode of \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\", it will be way too soon.\"\" Lillard would continue voicing Shaggy in the rest of the \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" media. Jim Carrey was originally attached to play Shaggy, while Mike Myers also expressed interest in playing Shaggy. In January 2001, it was reported that Rowan Atkinson was in negotiations to play Mondavarious. Prinze said of his character, \"\"[He] always showed more arrogance than everyone else. So in the movie, I took the opportunity to make him as narcissistic and self-loving as possible.\"\" Fisher grew up watching \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" in Australia, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6004514", "chunk_text": "\"Scooby-Doo (film)\"\nin June 2001. The film was originally set to have a much darker tone, essentially poking fun at the original series, much like \"\"The Brady Bunch Movie\"\", and was set for a PG-13 rating. Shaggy was set to be a stoner, and there were many marijuana references. Several rumors about these aspects in the original cartoon series were passed around by fans of the original and were to be incorporated into the live action film. In March 2001, one month into filming, the first official cast picture was released. According to actress Sarah Michelle Gellar, after the cast had signed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7017640", "chunk_text": "\"Nick Palatas\"\none daughter, Vienna. Nick Palatas Nicholas Edward \"\"Nick\"\" Palatas (born January 22, 1988) is an American actor. Palatas has appeared in two short films, titled \"\"The Erogenous Zone\"\" and \"\"Love\"\" and has been in several ads. In 2009, he played Norville \"\"Shaggy\"\" Rogers in the film, \"\"Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins\"\" and reprised the role in \"\"Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster\"\" which aired in October 2010. A newcomer to the Scooby-Doo series, Palatas took over for Matthew Lillard. Palatas has two brothers, Phillip Palatas and actor Cameron Palatas. He is married to Marissa Denig (sister of actress Maggie Grace), with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9445877", "chunk_text": "\"Shaggy Rogers\"\nDooby Doo episode of \"\"Johnny Bravo\"\" in 1997. Starting with \"\"What's New, Scooby-Doo?\"\" in 2002 and \"\"\"\" in 2003, Kasem resumed the role and continued to do so until his retirement in 2009. Billy West voiced the character in the film \"\"Scooby-Doo on Zombie Island\"\" (1998). Scott Innes (who has also voiced Scooby and Scrappy-Doo) voiced Shaggy in the 1999–2001 direct-to-video films, and in video games until 2009. Innes reprised Shaggy in \"\"Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law\"\", and a DirecTV commercial featuring the Scooby gang in 2008. Scott Menville voiced Shaggy in \"\"Shaggy & Scooby-Doo Get a Clue!\"\". As of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7645666", "chunk_text": "\"Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated\"\nin her hair). The series is also the animated debut of Matthew Lillard as the voice of Shaggy, after he portrayed the character in two live-action films, \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" (2002) and \"\"\"\" (2004). Casey Kasem, the original voice of Shaggy, voiced Shaggy's father in five episodes; this would be his last voice-acting role before his death. Linda Cardellini, who played Velma in the live-action movies, voiced Hot Dog Water, a recurring character in the series. The show also brought back characters seen in previous Scooby-Doo series such as the eco-goth rock band The Hex Girls and Vincent Van Ghoul from \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6004504", "chunk_text": "\"Scooby-Doo (film)\"\nScooby-Doo (film) Scooby-Doo (also known as Scooby-Doo: The Movie) is a 2002 American live-action/computer-animated family adventure film based on the long-running Hanna-Barbera animated television series of the same name. It is the first installment in the \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" live-action film series, directed by Raja Gosnell, written by James Gunn, and starring Freddie Prinze Jr., Sarah Michelle Gellar, Matthew Lillard, Linda Cardellini and Rowan Atkinson. The plot revolves around Mystery Incorporated, a group of four young adults and a dog who solve mysteries, who reunite after a two-year disbandment, to investigate a mystery on a popular horror resort. Filming took place in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13188442", "chunk_text": "\"The Shaggy Dog (2006 film)\"\nThe Shaggy Dog (2006 film) The Shaggy Dog is a 2006 American family comedy film directed by Brian Robbins and written by Geoff Rodkey, Jack Amiel, Michael Begler, Cormac Wibberley and Marianne Wibberley, based on the 1959 live-action film of the same name. The original film had a character named Wilby Daniels transforming into an Old English Sheepdog after putting on a magic ring, whereas the remake presents a character named Dave Douglas transforming into a Bearded Collie after getting bitten by a sacred dog. It stars Tim Allen, Robert Downey Jr., Kristin Davis, Danny Glover, Spencer Breslin, Jane Curtin,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20231903", "chunk_text": "\"Shaggy (musician)\"\nAlong with financial assistance to the hospital, he donated machinery and hospital equipment. Grammy Awards American Music Awards Golden Raspberry Awards Shaggy (musician) Orville Richard Burrell (born October 22, 1968), better known by his stage name Shaggy, is a Jamaican musician, singer, DJ and former United States Marine. He is best known for his hit singles \"\"Oh Carolina\"\", \"\"Boombastic\"\", \"\"It Wasn't Me\"\", and \"\"Angel\"\". He took his stage name from the character Shaggy, from the popular children's TV show \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\". Burrell was born on October 22, 1968, in Kingston, Jamaica. In 1987, he took singing courses and was discovered a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17667646", "chunk_text": "\"Shaggy (musician)\"\nShaggy (musician) Orville Richard Burrell (born October 22, 1968), better known by his stage name Shaggy, is a Jamaican musician, singer, DJ and former United States Marine. He is best known for his hit singles \"\"Oh Carolina\"\", \"\"Boombastic\"\", \"\"It Wasn't Me\"\", and \"\"Angel\"\". He took his stage name from the character Shaggy, from the popular children's TV show \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\". Burrell was born on October 22, 1968, in Kingston, Jamaica. In 1987, he took singing courses and was discovered a year later, while singing in the streets with friends. His son Richard O'Neil Burrell is a rapper known as Robb Banks.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3307374", "chunk_text": "\"Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins\"\nKiyoko as Velma and Nick Palatas as Shaggy. Scooby-Doo was created using computer-generated imagery and his voice is provided by Frank Welker, who also was a cast member of the animated series, \"\"Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!\"\" and \"\"The Scooby-Doo Show\"\", providing the voice of Fred. The music is scored by Academy Award-nominee David Newman, who had previously scored the theatrical films \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" (2002) and \"\"\"\" (2004). The film is dedicated to Lorena Gale, who died during production. Its sequel, \"\"Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster\"\", was released on October 16, 2010. In Coolsville, Ohio, four teenagers are accidentally involved in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "471805", "chunk_text": "\"Shaggy Rogers\"\nof those scenes were included in the final film product. One scene in the film has a character tell Shaggy that her name is Mary Jane, a slang name for marijuana, and he responds, \"\"Like, that is my favorite name\"\". Matthew Lillard, the current voice of Shaggy, does not think he smokes marijuana: \"\"He just seems like that. He acts a little goofy and high, he's lovable and scared — and just happens to have the munchies.\"\" In addition, in an online radio interview with host Stu Shostak, series creators Joe Ruby and Ken Spears recalled that they never intended", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9445879", "chunk_text": "\"Shaggy Rogers\"\na team named Mystery Inc. (short for Mystery Incorporated). In \"\"Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated\"\", he is born in and is a citizen of Crystal Cove. His parents' names are Colton and Paula Rogers. He is a member of the new Mystery Incorporated. Shaggy and Scooby make a cameo appearance in the 2003 live-action/animated film \"\"\"\", where they berate Matthew Lillard over his portrayal of Shaggy in the 2002 live-action film. Shaggy appears as a playable character, along with Scooby, in the crossover video game \"\"Lego Dimensions\"\". Shaggy's character includes the Mystery Machine. Matthew Lillard reprises his role for the game. Some", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6215284", "chunk_text": "\"Scooby-Doo! and the Witch's Ghost\"\nfeatures real ghosts instead of traditional crooks in masks, giving the film a darker tone. The film has been adapted into a book. It is the second of the first four Scooby Doo direct-to-video film to be animated overseas by Japanese animation studio Mook Animation. The film marks the first time voice actor and radio-personality Scott Innes voiced Shaggy, as Billy West (who voiced Shaggy in \"\"Scooby-Doo on Zombie Island\"\") needed time for his roles as Philip J. Fry, Professor Farnsworth and Dr. John Zoidberg on \"\"Futurama\"\". After Ben Ravencroft, a famous horror writer of whom Velma Dinkley is a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7228424", "chunk_text": "\"Scooby-Doo (film)\"\ntwo telefilm prequels: \"\"Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins\"\" and \"\"Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster\"\", which both aired on Cartoon Network in 2009 and 2010 respectively. A spin-off film \"\"Daphne & Velma\"\" was released on May 22, 2018, and a reboot will be released on May 15, 2020. Scooby-Doo (film) Scooby-Doo (also known as Scooby-Doo: The Movie) is a 2002 American live-action/computer-animated family adventure film based on the long-running Hanna-Barbera animated television series of the same name. It is the first installment in the \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" live-action film series, directed by Raja Gosnell, written by James Gunn, and starring Freddie Prinze Jr.,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11698991", "chunk_text": "\"Neil Fanning\"\nall his experience, Neil also continues to work and perform constantly in the Corporate Entertainment sector writing, producing and performing in live shows for major companies and local and state government departments. Neil Fanning Neil Fanning (born 12 April 1967) is an Australian actor, voice actor and stuntman. He is most known for voicing Scooby-Doo in both of the theatrical live-action international blockbusters, \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" and \"\"\"\". Neil's entertainment career has spanned over 25 years and over 50 movie, television and commercial roles. Among his stunt credits are \"\"Daybreakers\"\", \"\"\"\", and \"\"Ghost Ship\"\". TV appearances include \"\"Sea Patrol\"\" and the 1998", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4236545", "chunk_text": "\"Shaggy & Scooby-Doo Get a Clue!\"\nof how they appeared in the live-action \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" film. For instance, Scooby is drawn with dot eyes. Thus, it is the third show in the Scooby-Doo series, after \"\"A Pup Named Scooby-Doo\"\" and \"\"What's New, Scooby-Doo?\"\", that is not animated or drawn in the usual Hanna-Barbera style. This is also the first series in which Casey Kasem does not voice Shaggy, but is instead done by Scott Menville, although Scott Innes or Billy West portrayed the character in many of the Scooby-Doo animated movies made for television or home video. However, in this series, Kasem does voice Shaggy's rich and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15224263", "chunk_text": "\"Scooby-Doo! Stage Fright\"\nthe voice of Shaggy. They also offered that Mindy Cohn \"\"fits in well as nerdy Velma\"\" and that Vivica A. Fox, Peter MacNicol, and Wayne Brady in supporting roles \"\"make the film slightly more interesting for adults who want to play the 'is that so-and-so's voice?' game.\"\" They concluded that for children, the film \"\"will probably be a lot of fun and somewhat thrilling\"\", due to the car and foot chases and its various adventures, but that \"\"adults will find it to be a bit tedious, but if that surprises you, clearly you haven't spent much time around children's entertainment.\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9871741", "chunk_text": "Scooby-Doo\nLieberman was writing the film. As of 2014, Warner Bros. was restarting the film series with Randall Green writing a new movie. As of 2015, Warner Bros. had Tony Cervone directing an animated film, with Allison Abbate as producer and Dan Povenmire as executive producer. Originally planned for a September 21, 2018 release, it was later pushed back to May 15, 2020, with Dax Shepard co-directing and co-writing. The film, titled \"\"S.C.O.O.B.\"\", is intended as the first film in a \"\"Hanna-Barbera Cinematic Universe\"\". In 2002, following the successes of the Cartoon Network reruns, the direct to video franchise, and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15255425", "chunk_text": "\"Billy West\"\nTunes\"\" feature-length films and returned as Fudd in the theatrically released \"\"\"\". In 1998, West starred in the direct-to-video film \"\"Scooby-Doo on Zombie Island\"\" as Shaggy Rogers, becoming the second person to portray the character (the first being Casey Kasem). He was one of the top contenders to replace Kasem after his retirement in 2009 but lost the role to Matthew Lillard. In 2000, he provided additional voices in Disney's \"\"Dinosaur\"\". In 2004, West voiced the classic character Popeye in the 75th-anniversary film \"\"\"\", and made his live-action film debut in Mark Hamill's \"\"\"\". He also appeared in a cameo", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1202646", "chunk_text": "Scooby-Doo\nin 1997 and Casey Kasem, a strict vegetarian, relinquished the role of Shaggy after having to provide the voice for a 1995 Burger King commercial. Therefore, Scott Innes took over as both Scooby-Doo and Shaggy (Billy West voiced Shaggy in \"\"Scooby-Doo on Zombie Island\"\"). B.J. Ward took over as Velma, and Mary Kay Bergman voiced Daphne until her death in November 1999, and was replaced by Grey DeLisle. These first four direct-to-video films differed from the original series format by placing the characters in plots with a darker tone and pitting them against actual supernatural forces. \"\"Scooby-Doo on Zombie Island\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8745695", "chunk_text": "\"The Shaggy D.A.\"\nthey have a son named Brian (Shane Sinutko). Returning to the town of Medfield from a vacation, the family discovers that they have been robbed of almost all their possessions, and Wilby blames the local district attorney John Slade (Keenan Wynn), who is reputed to have connections with organized crime, particularly with warehouse owner Edward \"\"Fast Eddie\"\" Roshak (Vic Tayback). After being robbed a second time later that night (along with their Navy admiral neighbor, Gordon C. Brenner), Wilby vows to run for district attorney to make his town safe again. Meanwhile, the two thugs who had robbed the Daniels',", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12425305", "chunk_text": "\"Scooby-Doo (character)\"\nvoiced Scooby since 2002, taking over beginning with \"\"What's New, Scooby-Doo?\"\" and other spin-offs including the live-action prequels \"\"Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins\"\" and \"\"Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster\"\". Dave Coulier and Seth Green have both voiced the character in \"\"Robot Chicken\"\". Voiced By: Voiced by in unofficial material and other languages: Casey Kasem, the previous voice actor for Shaggy Rogers, said that Scooby is \"\"the star of the show—the Shaquille O'Neal of the show.\"\" Kasem explained \"\"People love animals more than they love people. Am I right or wrong? They give more love to their pets than they give", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7836048", "chunk_text": "\"Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster\"\n2010. School has just ended for the summer, and Velma (Hayley Kiyoko), Shaggy (Nick Palatas), and Scooby-Doo (Frank Welker) meet up with Fred (Robbie Amell) and Daphne (Kate Melton) so they can go to meet Daphne's uncle, Thornton \"\"Thorny\"\" Blake V, who has given them summer jobs at his country club in Erie Point. That night at the club's opening party, a huge frog-like monster suddenly appears and wreaks havoc. The gang decides to solve the mystery. They decide to investigate the only person who has ever taken a picture of the lake monster, Mr. Uggins, the lighthouse keeper. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20081615", "chunk_text": "\"Shaggy defense\"\nrunning mate Donald Trump. The strategy was invoked by comedian James Corden on a 2018 episode of \"\"The Late Late Show\"\" regarding President Donald Trump's response to the special council investigation of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections. In a music video parodying \"\"It Wasn't Me\"\", Trump, portrayed by Shaggy, constantly denies everything while being chased down and questioned by special counsel Robert Mueller, portrayed by Corden. Shaggy defense A Shaggy defense is the legal strategy in which the defendant flatly denies guilt despite overwhelming evidence against them, particularly a recording of them committing the act, just by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6859707", "chunk_text": "\"Daphne & Velma\"\nDaphne & Velma Daphne & Velma is a 2018 American comedy mystery film and a spin-off featuring Daphne Blake and Velma Dinkley. It is the fifth installment in the \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" live-action film series. The film is produced by Ashley and Jennifer Tisdale's Blondie Girl Productions along with Blue Ribbon Content. It premiered at the Chicago Comic and Entertainment Expo on April 7, 2018, and was released on DVD, Blu-ray, and Digital HD on May 22, 2018, by Warner Bros. Home Entertainment. The film has a strong message regarding optimism as well as female empowerment. Daphne Blake is a high school", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8745694", "chunk_text": "\"The Shaggy D.A.\"\nThe Shaggy D.A. The Shaggy D.A. is a 1976 American comedy film and a sequel to \"\"The Shaggy Dog\"\" (1959) produced by Walt Disney Productions. It was directed by Robert Stevenson and written by Don Tait, based on the original film and inspired by the long out-of-print Felix Salten novel, \"\"The Hound of Florence.\"\" It starred Dean Jones as the adult Wilby Daniels, Suzanne Pleshette, Tim Conway, Keenan Wynn, Dick Van Patten, Jo Anne Worley and Shane Sinutko. It was Stevenson's final film. Wilby Daniels (Dean Jones) is now a successful attorney who is married to Betty (Suzanne Pleshette), and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17787728", "chunk_text": "\"C. Ernst Harth\"\nportraying Lowell Lee Andrews in the multi-awarded \"\"Capote\"\" (with Philip Seymour Hoffman), racing through downtown Vancouver with Ice Cube in \"\"Are We There Yet?\"\", chasing Scooby and Shaggy as Miner 49er in \"\"\"\", \"\"Thir13en Ghosts\"\", \"\"Say It Isn't So\"\", \"\"Dreamcatcher\"\", \"\"Camouflage\"\", \"\"Dudley Do-Right\"\", \"\"Excess Baggage\"\", \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\". C. Ernst Harth Cary Ernst Harth (born February 2, 1970) is a Canadian actor. Harth was born in Galt, Ontario, Canada. He got his first taste of acting in grade school when the drama club cast the school's largest child to play Santa in their Christmas pageant. Harth was just a kindergartner", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6490048", "chunk_text": "\"Will Arnett\"\nWill Arnett William Emerson Arnett (; born May 4, 1970) is a Canadian-American actor, comedian and producer. He is best known for his role as George Oscar \"\"Gob\"\" Bluth II in the Fox/Netflix series \"\"Arrested Development\"\" (2003–2006, 2013–present). He has appeared in films such as \"\"Blades of Glory\"\" (2007), \"\"Hot Rod\"\" (2007) and \"\"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\"\" (2014). He is a prolific voice actor with film roles including \"\"Ratatouille\"\" (2007), \"\"Monsters vs. Aliens\"\" (2009), \"\"Despicable Me\"\" (2010), \"\"The Nut Job\"\" (2014) and Batman in the \"\"Lego Movie\"\" franchise. He also plays the titular character in the Netflix series \"\"BoJack Horseman\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16633421", "chunk_text": "\"Scooby-Doo! Shaggy's Showdown\"\nScooby-Doo! Shaggy's Showdown Scooby-Doo! Shaggy's Showdown is a 2017 direct-to-DVD animated comedy mystery film, and the twenty-eighth entry in the direct-to-video series of Scooby-Doo films. It was released digitally on January 31, 2017 and was released on DVD on February 14, 2017. The Mystery Incorporated gang goes to visit the Crazy Q Dude Ranch, which is owned by Shaggy Rogers' long lost cousin, Tawny Rogers. When the gang arrives, the residents scream in fright at the sight of Shaggy, and claim he is a ghost. After the gang meets Tawny, she explains that years ago, the ranch was once haunted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1310222", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew Lillard\"\nplayed Stevo in the independent film \"\"SLC Punk!\"\", and supporting character Dennis Rafkin in \"\"Thirteen Ghosts\"\". Lillard was cast as Shaggy Rogers in the 2002 live-action \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" film, a role he later reprised in the 2004 sequel \"\"\"\". When Casey Kasem, who had voiced the character from the show's debut in 1969, retired due to declining health in 2009, Lillard was chosen as his replacement and voiced Shaggy in the two subsequent animated series, \"\"Mystery Incorporated\"\" and \"\"Be Cool Scooby-Doo!\"\", as well as every direct-to-video film since 2010's \"\"Scooby-Doo! Abracadabra-Doo\"\". In 2011, Lillard guest starred on the Fox series \"\"House\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12793008", "chunk_text": "\"Scott Innes\"\nnearby station WRKN in the same position on April 21, 2016. Innes is currently the publisher and author of \"\"Hug\"\" magazine since 2010. He returned to voice Shaggy Rogers and Scooby-Doo in two McDonald's commercials from 2014 and 2015 respectively, then in a 2017 Halifax Bank commercial. Scott Innes Scott Innes (born October 1, 1966) is an American voice actor, author, songwriter and radio personality. Innes became the voice of Scooby-Doo between 1998 and 2002 after Don Messick's death in 1997. From 1999 to 2002, he was also the voice of Scooby's best friend and owner Norville \"\"Shaggy\"\" Rogers. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "90842", "chunk_text": "\"Lego Scooby-Doo! Blowout Beach Bash\"\nLego Scooby-Doo! Blowout Beach Bash Lego Scooby-Doo! Blowout Beach Bash is a 2017 direct-to-DVD computer-animated comedy film, and the twenty-ninth entry in the direct-to-video series of Scooby-Doo films, as well as the second in the series to be based on the Scooby-Doo brand of Lego. It was released digitally on July 11, 2017 and on DVD and Blu-ray on July 25, 2017. After solving a mystery that involves a mummy, Scooby-Doo, Shaggy, Fred, Daphne, and Velma go to Blowout Beach where they find that there are ghost pirates haunting the location. \"\"\"\" was released on January 9, 2018. A sequel,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8745696", "chunk_text": "\"The Shaggy D.A.\"\nFreddie (Richard Bakalyan) and Dip (Warren Berlinger), observe the Borgia ring at the local museum and assume it might fetch a large sum, so they steal it. The ugly ring with a scarab on it can only be pawned off to local bumbling ice cream salesman, Tim, who is the owner of a large Old English Sheepdog named Elwood. Tim figures he will give the ring to his girlfriend Katrinka (Jo Anne Worley), a local roller derby star and pastry assistant. While dressing himself in preparation for a live television broadcast to announce his candidacy, Wilby hears a report of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7228420", "chunk_text": "\"Scooby-Doo (film)\"\n15th most successful film worldwide of 2002. The film was released in the United Kingdom on July 12, 2002, and topped the country's box office for the next two weekends, before being dethroned by \"\"Austin Powers in Goldmember\"\". On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 30% based on 143 reviews and an average rating of 4.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"\"Though Lillard is uncannily spot-on as Shaggy, \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" is a tired live-action update, filled with lame jokes.\"\" On Metacritic, the film has a score of 35 out of 100 based on 31 critics, indicating \"\"generally unfavorable", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11698988", "chunk_text": "\"Neil Fanning\"\nNeil Fanning Neil Fanning (born 12 April 1967) is an Australian actor, voice actor and stuntman. He is most known for voicing Scooby-Doo in both of the theatrical live-action international blockbusters, \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\" and \"\"\"\". Neil's entertainment career has spanned over 25 years and over 50 movie, television and commercial roles. Among his stunt credits are \"\"Daybreakers\"\", \"\"\"\", and \"\"Ghost Ship\"\". TV appearances include \"\"Sea Patrol\"\" and the 1998 TV movie \"\"Chameleon\"\". Neil has also performed as an actor and stuntman on shows including \"\"Nim's Island\"\", \"\"Peter Pan\"\", and \"\"Jackie Chan's First Strike\"\". As an opening day entertainer in 1991, Neil", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18468493", "chunk_text": "\"Scooby-Doo! and the Gourmet Ghost\"\nScooby-Doo! and the Gourmet Ghost Scooby-Doo! and the Gourmet Ghost is a 2018 American animated direct-to-video cooking-themed comedy mystery film produced by Warner Bros. Animation and distributed by Warner Bros. Home Entertainment, and the thirty-first entry in the direct-to-video series of Scooby-Doo films. It premiered at the San Diego Comic-Con International on July 22, 2018. The film was released digitally on August 28, 2018, and was released on DVD on September 11, 2018. The gang are en route to the Rocky Harbor Inn, where Fred's uncle Bobby Flay invited them to stay. They arrive, and Fred is surprised to learn", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_393	what is the ultimate objective of financial management?	n/a	[ "Profit maximization" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11411914", "chunk_text": "\"Financial management\"\nFinancial management Financial management focuses on ratios, equity and debt. Financial managers are the people who will do research and based on the research, decide what sort of capital to obtain in order to fund the company's assets as well as maximizing the value of the firm for all the stakeholders. It also refers to the efficient and effective management of money (funds) in such a manner as to accomplish the objectives of the organization. It is the specialized function directly associated with the top management. The significance of this function is not seen in the 'Line' but also in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1200146", "chunk_text": "\"Money management\"\nMoney management Money management is the process of expense tracking, investing, budgeting, banking and evaluating taxes of ones money which is also called investment management. Money management is a strategic technique to make money yield the highest interest-output value for any amount spent. Spending money to satisfy cravings (regardless of whether they can justifiably be included in a budget) is a natural human phenomenon. The idea of money management techniques has been developed to reduce the amount that individuals, firms and institutions spend on items which add no significant value to their living standards, long-term portfolios and assets. Warren Buffett,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11891915", "chunk_text": "\"Strategic financial management\"\nStrategic financial management Strategic financial management is the study of finance with a long term view considering the strategic goals of the enterprise. Financial management is nowadays increasingly referred to as \"\"Strategic Financial Management\"\" so as to give it an increased frame of reference. To understand what strategic financial management is about, we must first understand what is meant by the term \"\"Strategic\"\". Which is something that is done as part of a plan that is meant to achieve a particular purpose. Therefore, Strategic Financial Management are those aspect of the overall plan of the organisation that concerns financial managers.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20602587", "chunk_text": "\"International Financial Reporting Standards\"\nrepresentation of the financial positions and financial performance of an entity. The objective of financial statements is to provide information about the financial position, financial performance and cash flows of an entity that is useful to a wide range of users in making economic decisions. Financial statements also show the results of the management's stewardship of the resources entrusted to it. A To meet this objective, financial statements provide information about an entity's assets and cash flows. This information, along with other information in the notes, assists users of financial statements in predicting the entity's future cash flows and, in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11891916", "chunk_text": "\"Strategic financial management\"\nThis includes different parts of the business plan, for example marketing and sales plan, production plan, personnel plan, capital expenditure, etc. These all have financial implications for the financial managers of an organisation. The objective of the Financial Management is the maximisation of shareholders wealth. To satisfy this objective a company requires a \"\"long term course of action\"\" and this is where strategy fits in. Strategic planning is an organisation’s process to outlining and defining its strategy, direction it is going. This led to decision making and allocation of resources inline with this strategy. Some techniques used in strategic planning", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20923964", "chunk_text": "\"International financial management\"\nIFM can be differentiated from financial management (FM). The goal of IFM is not only limited to maximization of shareholders but also stakeholders. Compared to national financial markets international markets have a different shape and analytics. Proper management of international finances can help the organization in achieving same efficiency and effectiveness in all markets, hence without IFM sustaining in the market can be difficult. Companies are motivated to invest capital in abroad for the following reasons International financial management c business environment; that is, trading and making money through the exchange of foreign currency. The international financial activities help the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15060482", "chunk_text": "\"Corporate finance\"\nmanagement is concerned with the allocation of capital resources to increase a firm's value to the shareholders. Historically, modern-day foundation of corporate finance has its roots in the 17th-century Dutch Republic, the birthplace of the world's first formally listed public company, first formal stock exchange and market. The primary goal of financial management is to maximize or to continually increase shareholder value. Maximizing shareholder value requires managers to be able to balance capital funding between investments in projects that increase the firm's long term profitability and sustainability, along with paying excess cash in the form of dividends to shareholders. Managers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11411915", "chunk_text": "\"Financial management\"\nthe capacity of the 'Staff' in overall of a company. It has been defined differently by different experts in the field. The term typically applies to an organization or company's financial strategy, while personal finance or financial life management refers to an individual's management strategy. It includes how to raise the capital and how to allocate capital, i.e. capital budgeting. Not only for long term budgeting, but also how to allocate the short term resources like current liabilities. It also deals with the dividend policies of the share holders. For new enterprises, it is important to make a good estimation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19246500", "chunk_text": "\"Financial accounting\"\naccounting information to help managers make decisions to manage the business. Financial accounting and financial reporting are often used as synonyms. 1. According to International Financial Reporting Standards, the objective of financial reporting is:- To provide financial information that is useful to existing and potential investors, lenders and other creditors in making decisions about providing resources to the reporting entity. 2. According to the European Accounting Association: Capital maintenance is a competing objective of financial reporting. Financial accounting is the preparation of financial statements that can be consumed by the public and the relevant stakeholders using either Historical Cost Accounting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15060479", "chunk_text": "\"Corporate finance\"\nCorporate finance Corporate finance is an area of finance that deals with sources of funding, the capital structure of corporations, the actions that managers take to increase the value of the firm to the shareholders, and the tools and analysis used to allocate financial resources. The primary goal of corporate finance is to maximize or increase shareholder value. Although it is in principle different from managerial finance which studies the financial management of all firms, rather than corporations alone, the main concepts in the study of corporate finance are applicable to the financial problems of all kinds of firms. Correspondingly,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4366700", "chunk_text": "\"Management accounting principles\"\nlead to bad behavior versus focusing on operations and resource use for long term sustainable economic success. By examining two of the four financial accounting principles, it will reveal that financial accounting principles (e.g., Historical cost, Revenue recognition, Matching principle, and Full Disclosure) do not serve the objectives of management accounting. Let's examine the following two GAAP principles: The two financial accounting principles noted above briefly describes the chasm that exists between financial accounting and managerial accounting objectives. Financial accounting's objective is to produce a coherent set of standards for consistency and comparability purposes; therefore, providing external parties in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19562425", "chunk_text": "\"Financial statement\"\nstatements are considered an integral part of the financial statements. \"\"The objective of financial statements is to provide information about the financial position, performance and changes in financial position of an enterprise that is useful to a wide range of users in making economic decisions.\"\" Financial statements should be understandable, relevant, reliable and comparable. Reported assets, liabilities, equity, income and expenses are directly related to an organization's financial position. Financial statements are intended to be understandable by readers who have \"\"a reasonable knowledge of business and economic activities and accounting and who are willing to study the information diligently.\"\" Financial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4754426", "chunk_text": "\"Corporate finance\"\nis as follows: As above, the goal of Corporate Finance is the maximization of firm value. In the context of long term, capital budgeting, firm value is enhanced through appropriately selecting and funding NPV positive investments. These investments, in turn, have implications in terms of cash flow and cost of capital. The goal of Working Capital (i.e. short term) management is therefore to ensure that the firm is able to operate, and that it has sufficient cash flow to service long-term debt, and to satisfy both maturing short-term debt and upcoming operational expenses. In so doing, firm value is enhanced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5181579", "chunk_text": "\"Enterprise performance management\"\nwith the means to monitor performance on, say, a monthly basis and thereby exercise effective financial control - arguably the second most important management function in running a business. \"\"Financial management\"\" refers to the set business processes done to close the financial records of an organization at the end of a period in an accurate and timely fashion according to a generally accepted basis of accounting, including the financial statement presentation of results to both internal and external stakeholders, as well as providing appropriate explanations and insights to the nature of the financial results and all supporting documentation. \"\"Supply chain", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18263618", "chunk_text": "\"Management accounting principles\"\nThe principles function as a way of better understanding the risks and compromises associated with a practice or method when it strays from the principles of causality and analogy. Companies need to identify the economic reality of their organization based on resources and operations, not reflect dollar values calculated using accrual-based accounting methods that conform to Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (United States). Accountants may argue that financial accounting principles represent true values and are more than sufficient for management accounting purposes. Maximizing financial statement results is a primary objective; however, focusing only on accounting numbers or common financial ratios can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11891920", "chunk_text": "\"Strategic financial management\"\n2 classifications: Financial managers in this field must select assets or an investment proposals which provides a beneficial course of action, that will most likely come in the future and over the lifetime of the project. This is one of the most crucial financial decisions for a firm. Important for short term survival of the organisation; thus prerequisite for long term success; mainly concerning the management of current assets that’s held on the company’s balance sheet. As a more minor role under this section; it comes under investment decisions because revenue generated will be from investments and divestments. Under each", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11386307", "chunk_text": "\"Financial management for IT services\"\nFinancial management for IT services Financial Management for IT Services is a Service Strategy element of the ITIL best practice framework. The aim of this ITIL process area is to give accurate and cost effective stewardship of IT assets and resources used in providing IT Services. It is used to plan, control and recover costs expended in providing the IT Services negotiated and agreed to in a service-level agreement (SLA). The goal of Financial Management for IT Services (ITFM) is to optimize the cost of IT Services while taking into account quality and risk factors. The analysis balances cost against", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4584720", "chunk_text": "\"Financial planning (business)\"\nFinancial planning (business) Financial planning is the task of determining how a business will afford to achieve its strategic goals and objectives. Usually, a company creates a Financial Plan imately after the vision and objectives have been set. The Financial Plan describes each of the activities, resources, equipment and materials that are needed to achieve these objectives, as well as the timeframes involved. The Financial Planning activity involves the following tasks: Performing Financial Planning is critical to the success of any organization. It provides the Business Plan with rigor, by confirming that the objectives set are achievable from a financial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11782340", "chunk_text": "\"Managerial finance\"\nSound financial management creates value and organizational agility through the allocation of scarce resources amongst competing business opportunities. It is an aid to the implementation and monitoring of business strategies and helps achieve business objectives. To interpret financial results in the manner described above, managers use Financial analysis techniques. Managers also need to look at how resources are allocated within an organization. They need to know what each activity costs and why. These questions require managerial accounting techniques such as activity based costing. Managers also need to anticipate future expenses. To get a better understanding of the accuracy of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12322651", "chunk_text": "\"Investment management\"\nInvestment management Investment management (or financial management) is the professional asset management of various securities (shares, bonds and other securities) and other assets (e.g., real estate) in order to meet specified investment goals for the benefit of the investors. Investors may be institutions (insurance companies, pension funds, corporations, charities, educational establishments etc.) or private investors (both directly via investment contracts and more commonly via collective investment schemes e.g. mutual funds or exchange-traded funds). The term asset management is often used to refer to the investment management of collective investments, while the more generic fund management may refer to all forms", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13570376", "chunk_text": "\"Management accounting\"\na significant source of uncontrollable spending, which in size is often the greatest corporate cost after total compensation costs and property related costs. A function of management accounting in such organizations is to work closely with the IT department to provide IT cost transparency. Given the above, one view of the progression of the accounting and finance career path is that financial accounting is a stepping stone to management accounting. Consistent with the notion of value creation, management accountants help drive the success of the business while strict financial accounting is more of a compliance and historical endeavor. Activity-based costing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2921425", "chunk_text": "\"Asset and liability management\"\ncash without loss. From customers and small businesses and seen as stable sources with poor sensitivity level to market interest rates and bank's financial conditions. This plan needs to embrace all available funding sources and requires an integrated approach with the strategic business planning process. The objective is to provide realistic projection of funding future under various set of assumptions. This strategy includes : Main characteristics : Dependencies to endogenous (bank specific events such as formulas, asset allocation, funding methods...) / exogenous (investment returns, market volatility, inflation, bank ratings...) factors that will influence the bank ability to access one particular", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16172877", "chunk_text": "\"Asset management\"\nAsset management Asset management refers to systematic approach to the governance and realization of value from the things that a group or entity is responsible for, over their whole life cycles. It may apply both to tangible assets (physical objects such as buildings or equipment) and to intangible assets (such as human capital, intellectual property, goodwill and/or financial assets). Asset management is a systematic process of developing, operating, maintaining, upgrading, and disposing of assets in the most cost-effective manner (including all costs, risks and performance attributes). The term is commonly used in the financial sector to describe people and companies", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15681738", "chunk_text": "Finance\nterm financial management is often termed \"\"working capital management\"\", and relates to cash-, inventory- and debtors management. Corporate finance also includes within its scope business valuation, stock investing, or investment management. An investment is an acquisition of an asset in the hope that it will maintain or increase its value over time that will in hope give back a higher rate of return when it comes to disbursing dividends. In investment management in choosing a portfolio one has to use financial analysis to determine \"\"what\"\", \"\"how much\"\" and \"\"when\"\" to invest. To do this, a company must: Financial management overlaps", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11386308", "chunk_text": "\"Financial management for IT services\"\nquality and risk to create intelligent, metric-based cost optimization strategies. Balancing is required since cost cutting may not be the best strategy to deliver optimum consumer outputs. ITFM is a discipline based on standard financial and accounting principles, but addresses specific principles that are applicable to IT services, such as fixed asset management, capital management, audit, and depreciation. For an internal IT organization, the goal is described as: \"\"To provide cost-effective stewardship of the IT assets and resources used in providing IT services\"\" For an outsourced IT organization or an IT organization that is run as if it were a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20912429", "chunk_text": "\"Financial software\"\nFinancial software Financial software or financial system software is special application software that records all the financial activity within a business organization. Basic features of this system not only includes all the modules of accounting software like accounts payable, accounts receivable, ledger, reporting modules and payroll but also to explore alternative investment choices and calculate statistical relationships. Features of the system may vary depending on what type of business it is being used for. Primarily, the goal of the financial software is to record, categorize, analyze, compile, interpret and then present an accurate and updated financial dates for every transaction", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18558010", "chunk_text": "\"Energy Sector Management Assistance Program\"\nof a rapidly changing global energy landscape, the primary objective for the international community is to achieve progress on the triple challenge of providing increased energy supply and security, eliminating energy poverty, and mitigating and adapting to climate change. Clearly, this can only be achieved with transformative changes in the design and management of national and regional energy systems and global efforts. The proposed Business Plan will be based on the following principles: Help shape the future. Measure results and demonstrate impacts. Provide value for money. Ensure relevance to the Bank’s country sector dialogue and lending operations. Working across sectors.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14887857", "chunk_text": "\"Strategic financial management\"\nfinancing that is debt Tc = corporate tax rate The role of a financial manager often includes making sure the firm is liquid – the firm is able to finance itself in the short run, without running out of cash. They also have to make the firm’s decision in investing into current assets: which can generally be defined as the assets which can be converted into cash within one accounting year, which includes cash, short term securities debtors, etc. The main indicator to be used here is the net working capital: which is the difference between current assets and current", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11065228", "chunk_text": "Finance\nwith the financial function of the accounting profession. However, financial accounting is the reporting of historical financial information, while financial management is concerned with the allocation of capital resources to increase a firm's value to the shareholders and increase their rate of return on the investments. Financial risk management, an element of corporate finance, is the practice of creating and protecting economic value in a firm by using financial instruments to manage exposure to risk, particularly credit risk and market risk. (Other risk types include foreign exchange, shape, volatility, sector, liquidity, inflation risks, etc.) It focuses on when and how", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16579748", "chunk_text": "\"Financial mismanagement\"\nable to comprehend the effect financial mismanagement can have and how crucial it is for an economy´s success to carry out well working financial management. Financial management has always been key to a successful business, and is crucial for an economy to function. There are not only companies and individuals that have economies that rely on financial management but also entire societies and countries. Throughout the years there have been infinite companies, persons and also countries that have been declared bankrupt, caused by financial mismanagement. By taking a look at some of the worlds largest economies we can find cases", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4399109", "chunk_text": "\"Comparison of management accounting and financial accounting\"\nthose who wish to make financial decisions or investments in a company. Management Accounting is the branch of Accounting that deals primarily with confidential financial reports for the exclusive use of top management within an organization. These reports are prepared utilizing scientific and statistical methods to arrive at certain monetary values which are then used for decision making. Such reports may include: Financial Accounting, on the other hand, concentrates on the production of financial reports, including the basic reporting requirements of profitability, liquidity, solvency and stability. Reports of this nature can be accessed by internal and external users such as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11150027", "chunk_text": "\"Strategic financial management\"\nincludes: SWOT analysis, PEST analysis, STEER analysis. Often it is a plan for one year but more typically 3 to 5 years if a longer term view is taken. When making a financial strategy, financial managers need to include the following basic elements. More elements could be added, depending on the size and industry of the project. Startup cost: For new business ventures and those started by existing companies. Could include new fabricating equipment costs, new packaging costs, marketing plan. Competitive analysis: analysis on how the competition will affect your revenues. Ongoing costs: Includes labour, materials, equipment maintenance, shipping and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6517471", "chunk_text": "\"Investment management\"\nan investment qualification such as the Chartered Financial Analyst designation (CFA) may help in having a career in investment management. There is evidence that any particular qualification enhances the most desirable characteristic of an investment manager, that is the ability to select investments that result in an above average (risk weighted) long-term performance. Investment management Investment management (or financial management) is the professional asset management of various securities (shares, bonds and other securities) and other assets (e.g., real estate) in order to meet specified investment goals for the benefit of the investors. Investors may be institutions (insurance companies, pension funds,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19246509", "chunk_text": "\"Financial accounting\"\nReporting Standards (IFRS), which are issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Financial accounting serves the following purposes: Objectives of Financial Accounting The accounting equation (Assets = Liabilities + Owners' Equity) and financial statements are the main topics of financial accounting. The trial balance, which is usually prepared using the double-entry accounting system, forms the basis for preparing the financial statements. All the figures in the trial balance are rearranged to prepare a profit & loss statement and balance sheet. Accounting standards determine the format for these accounts (SSAP, FRS, IFRS). Financial statements display the income and expenditure for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11936218", "chunk_text": "\"Philosophy of accounting\"\naims to provide information about firms' financial performance of which the firm uses to record the past transactions and apply changes to the future financial plan. The ultimate aims of the IASB and other accounting standard-setters are: The mission of IFRS is to bring transparency, accountability and efficiency to financial markets around the world. It aims to build trust in the society and also to provide long-term financial stability. Art is defined as the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, while the philosophy of art also deals with the nature of human creativity. Science is defined as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12910234", "chunk_text": "\"Money management\"\nevery winning trades and minimizing losses (regardless whether you have winning or losing trading system, such as %Loss probability > %Win probability). Ethical or religious principles may be used to determine or guide the way in which money is invested. Christians tend to follow the Biblical scripture. Several religions follow Mosaic law which proscribed the charging of interest. The Quakers forbade involvement in the slave trade and so started the concept of ethical investment. Stephen Petrivy, xBinOp.com (2016). 5 Types of Successful Money Management in Trading. money tips Money management Money management is the process of expense tracking, investing, budgeting,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19246498", "chunk_text": "\"Financial accounting\"\nFinancial accounting Financial accounting (or financial accountancy) is the field of accounting concerned with the summary, analysis and reporting of financial transactions pertaining to a business. This involves the preparation of financial statements available for public consumption. Stockholders, suppliers, banks, employees, government agencies, business owners, and other stakeholders are examples of people interested in receiving such information for decision making purposes. Financial accountancy is governed by both local and international accounting standards. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) is the standard framework of guidelines for financial accounting used in any given jurisdiction. It includes the standards, conventions and rules that accountants", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20222967", "chunk_text": "\"Operational objective\"\nand strive to innovate. By maintaining innovative, a business can obtain competitive advantages that makes it distinguish to its competitors. Lastly, government regulations and constraints can also affect objectives of a business, as they can limit what a business want to achieve. One of the most common operational objective for businesses is survival. For new businesses, survival would be their main priority, as they are likely to face a number of problems, such as negative cash flows and intense competition. Survival can also be an important priority for established firms, as facing an economic recession and becoming a takeover target", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3428285", "chunk_text": "\"Financial management for IT services\"\nseparate entity (i.e., with full charging) the goal may be described as: \"\"To be able to account fully for the spend on IT services and to be able to attribute these costs to the services delivered to the organization's customers and to assist management by providing detailed and costed business cases for proposed changes to IT services\"\" Financial management for IT services contains 3 sub-processes: Budgeting enables an organization to plan future IT expenditures, reducing the risk of over-spending and ensuring the revenues are available to cover the predicted spend. Additionally, budgeting allows an organization to compare actual costs with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18664108", "chunk_text": "\"Financial statement\"\nthe actual result. Full disclosure of the effects of the differences between the estimate and actual results should be included. Management discussion and analysis or MD&A is an integrated part of a company's annual financial statements. The purpose of the MD&A is to provide a narrative explanation, through the eyes of management, of how an entity has performed in the past, its financial condition, and its future prospects. In so doing, the MD&A attempt to provide investors with complete, fair, and balanced information to help them decide whether to invest or continue to invest in an entity. The section contains", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15609182", "chunk_text": "\"Office of Federal Financial Management\"\nincludes implementing the financial management priorities of the President, establishing government-wide financial management policies of executive agencies and carrying out the financial management functions of the CFO Act of 1990. OFFM's priorities include transparency and data management, shared services, real property, improper payments, grants management, internal control, federal financial reporting, debt collection and charge cards. OFFM was established by the Chief Financial Officers Act (CFO Act) of 1990. Office of Federal Financial Management The Office of Federal Financial Management (OFFM) is a component of the United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB), which is part of the Executive Office", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9413730", "chunk_text": "\"Treasury management\"\nTreasury management Treasury management (or treasury operations) includes management of an enterprise's holdings, with the ultimate goal of managing the firm's liquidity and mitigating its operational, financial and reputational risk. Treasury Management includes a firm's collections, disbursements, concentration, investment and funding activities. In larger firms, it may also include trading in bonds, currencies, financial derivatives and the associated financial risk management. Most banks have whole departments devoted to treasury management and supporting their clients' needs in this area. Until recently, large banks had the stronghold on the provision of treasury management products and services. However, smaller banks are increasingly launching", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6795347", "chunk_text": "\"Money management\"\nbe achieved by establishing budgets and analyzing costs and income etc. In stock and futures trading, money management plays an important role in every success of a trading system. This is closely related with trading expectancy: “Expectancy” which is the average amount you can expect to win or lose per dollar at risk. Mathematically: Expectancy = (Trading system Winning probability * Average Win) – (Trading system losing probability * Average Loss) So for example even if a trading system has 60% losing probability and only 40% winning of all trades, using money management a trader can set his average win", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9413739", "chunk_text": "\"Treasury management\"\nshould also be reported to authorized Trade Repositories and initial and variation margins should be collected and maintained . Treasury management Treasury management (or treasury operations) includes management of an enterprise's holdings, with the ultimate goal of managing the firm's liquidity and mitigating its operational, financial and reputational risk. Treasury Management includes a firm's collections, disbursements, concentration, investment and funding activities. In larger firms, it may also include trading in bonds, currencies, financial derivatives and the associated financial risk management. Most banks have whole departments devoted to treasury management and supporting their clients' needs in this area. Until recently, large", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10001437", "chunk_text": "\"Financial plan\"\nplan may contain \"\"prospective financial statements\"\", which are similar, but different, than a \"\"budget\"\". Financial plans are the ENTIRE financial accounting overview of a company. Complete financial plans contain all periods and transaction types. It's a combination of the financial statements which independently only reflect a past, present, or future state of the company. Financial plans are the collection of the historical, present, and future financial statements; for example, a (historical & present) costly expense from an operational issue is normally presented prior to the issuance of the prospective financial statements which propose a solution to said operational issue. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17881895", "chunk_text": "\"Management accounting principles\"\nmore evident that management accounting principles be viewed as \"\"indispensable to the evaluation and improvement of MA methods and practices\"\" (Clinton, Van der Merwe 2012). Management accounting for use inside an organization must reflect the reality of the operations and resources used by the organization in monetary terms. Unlike financial reporting, where the objective focuses on external investors and creditors seek to compare investment options across the capital markets, management accounting focuses on the economic choices and constraints within an organization. There are two interrelated parts in understanding why management accounting principles are so important and how these principles help", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1944529", "chunk_text": "\"Treasury management\"\nhave a significant impact on the business. It is important to note that the objective is not to eliminate all risk. Taking risk is a critical part of any business – no risk no gain. It is important, however, to take risks only in areas that the business has competitive advantage. For example, an automotive company will want to take risks in design and engineering but will want to avoid risks in currencies and interest rates. On the other hand, a bank will be in a position to take risks in currencies and interest rates but will avoid operational and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18263612", "chunk_text": "\"Management accounting principles\"\nto Management Accounting it translates to resources in operation creates a factual situation. Obviously, the resources and operations about which a manager makes decisions on are based on factual information. The manager's decision will act to change the current situation since the manager is interested in the economic impact of the possible outcomes. Philip Lawton, investment professional and co-author of \"\"The Top Ten Operational Risks: A Survival Guide for Investment Management Firms and Hedge Funds\"\" writes The Correspondence theory of truth was originally defined by Aristotle; however, a simpler and more up-to-date definition is: \"\"\"\"A statement or opinion is true", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15681734", "chunk_text": "Finance\nFinance Finance is a field that is concerned with the allocation (investment) of assets and liabilities over space and time, often under conditions of risk or uncertainty. Finance can also be defined as the art of money management. Participants in the market aim to price assets based on their risk level, fundamental value, and their expected rate of return. Finance can be split into three sub-categories: public finance, corporate finance and personal finance. Questions in personal finance revolve around: Personal finance may involve paying for education, financing durable goods such as real estate and cars, buying insurance, e.g. health and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18909823", "chunk_text": "\"Personal financial management\"\nPersonal financial management Personal financial management (PFM) refers to software that helps users manage their money. PFM often lets users categorize transactions and add accounts from multiple institutions into a single view. PFM also typically includes data visualizations such as spending trends, budgets and net worth. PFM started in 1983 with the founding of Intuit. Scott Cook and Tom Proulx, the company’s founders, witnessed the rise of the personal computer and saw an opportunity to develop personal financial software. Their flagship product, Quicken, became a standard for many households and was eventually followed by QuickBooks, which helped small businesses manage", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_394	how many times have real madrid won the champions league in a row?	n/a	[ "five times", "five" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2826302", "chunk_text": "\"Real Madrid C.F. in international football competitions\"\nReal Madrid had the most success in the European Cup, winning the trophy for a record thirteen times. Real was the winner of the inaugural edition of the European Cup and the only club to win the trophy five times in a row (the first five editions). The club has also won the UEFA Cup twice, in 1985 and 1986, the Super Cup four times, in 2002, 2014, 2016 and 2017, the Intercontinental Cup three times, in 1960, 1998 and 2002, and the FIFA Club World Cup three times, in 2014, 2016 and 2017. Real Madrid, with 25 trophies, is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2826305", "chunk_text": "\"Real Madrid C.F. in international football competitions\"\nCup was inaugurated in 1955, with Real Madrid winning the first five editions. However, after winning the trophy five times in a row in the 1950s, and again in 1966, the club had little success until the end of the 1990s, apart from their runner-up place in 1981. Since then, Real Madrid has won the competition seven times, in 1998, 2000, 2002, 2014, 2016, 2017 and 2018 and established itself as one of the strongest sides in European competitions, when measured in UEFA coefficients. The Cup Winners' Cup started in 1960, but it took eleven years until Real Madrid participated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16530865", "chunk_text": "\"History of Real Madrid C.F.\"\nleg 2–0, ending a 24 consecutive scoring record of Barcelona in \"\"El Clásico\"\" matches, and with a 5–1 aggregate score. History of Real Madrid C.F. Real Madrid C.F. are a professional football club based in Madrid, Spain. In addition to their domestic success, Real Madrid's reputation as a major club was established by their outstanding record in the European Cup. To date, they have been crowned champions of Europe a record thirteen times. Alfredo Di Stéfano, Ferenc Puskás and other famous players helped the club win the European Cup five times in a row between 1956 and 1960, which included", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "193467", "chunk_text": "\"Real Madrid C.F.\"\nseason was 76,234, the highest in European Leagues. Real has also set records in Spanish football, most notably the most domestic titles (33 as of 2016–17) and the most seasons won in a row (five, during 1960–65 and 1985–90). With 121 matches (from 17 February 1957 to 7 March 1965), the club holds the record for longest unbeaten run at home in La Liga. The club also hold the record for winning the European Cup/UEFA Champions League thirteen times and for the most semi-final appearances (28). As of April 2016, Cristiano Ronaldo is the all-time top scorer in the UEFA", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12722310", "chunk_text": "\"Real Madrid C.F.\"\nChampions League, with 120 (121 including qualifiers) goals in total, 105 while playing for Real Madrid. The team has the record number of consecutive participations in the European Cup (before it became the Champions League) with 15, from 1955–56 to 1969–70. Among the club's on-field records is a 22-game winning streak in all competitions during the 2014–15 season, a Spanish record and fourth worldwide. The same season the team tied the win-streak for games in the Champions League, with ten. In September 2017, the club equalled the record of the Brazilian club Santos, starring Pelé, by scoring in their 73rd", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1435674", "chunk_text": "\"History of Real Madrid C.F.\"\nHistory of Real Madrid C.F. Real Madrid C.F. are a professional football club based in Madrid, Spain. In addition to their domestic success, Real Madrid's reputation as a major club was established by their outstanding record in the European Cup. To date, they have been crowned champions of Europe a record thirteen times. Alfredo Di Stéfano, Ferenc Puskás and other famous players helped the club win the European Cup five times in a row between 1956 and 1960, which included the memorable 7–3 Hampden Park final against German side Eintracht Frankfurt in 1960. The club won for a sixth time", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7136429", "chunk_text": "\"2018 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nMadrid reached a record 16th final after a 4–3 aggregate win against German side Bayern Munich, knocking them out of the competition for the second consecutive season. This was Real Madrid's third consecutive final, and fourth final in five tournaments with an opportunity to win a record 13th title. Previously they won finals in 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2014, 2016 and 2017; and lost in 1962, 1964 and 1981. This was also their 20th final in all seasonal UEFA competitions, having also played in two Cup Winners' Cup finals (losing in 1971 and 1983) and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8733606", "chunk_text": "\"Real Madrid C.F.\"\nwith Barcelona and \"\"El Derbi\"\" with Atlético Madrid. Real Madrid established itself as a major force in both Spanish and European football during the 1950s, winning five consecutive European Cups and reaching the final seven times. This success was replicated in the league, where the club won five times in the space of seven years. This team, which consisted of players such as Alfredo Di Stéfano, Ferenc Puskás, Francisco Gento and Raymond Kopa, is considered by some in the sport to be the greatest team of all time. In domestic football, the club has won 64 trophies; a record 33", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1435677", "chunk_text": "\"History of Real Madrid C.F.\"\nAncelotti), 2016 ,2017 and 2018(under manager Zinedine Zidane). Real Madrid is also six-time winners of the Intercontinental Cup/FIFA Club World Cup, defeating Peñarol, Vasco da Gama, Olimpia Asunción, San Lorenzo, Kashima Antlers and Grêmio in 1960, 1998, 2002, 2014, 2016 and 2017 respectively. Football was introduced to Spain by students of the Institución Libre de Enseñanza. They included several Oxbridge graduates. In 1897, they founded a club called Sky, playing on Sunday mornings at Moncloa. In 1900, they split into two different clubs: New Foot-Ball de Madrid and Madrid Football Club. On 6 March 1902, after a new Board presided", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16562894", "chunk_text": "\"Madrid Derby\"\nto the broader Castile (historical region)). In the modern era, the Madrid Derby is the second biggest derby in Spanish football, behind El Clásico, and although Real Madrid have the larger worldwide fanbase, Atlético Madrid have also amassed a significant worldwide fanbase, due to their level of success in the UEFA Champions League. Real Madrid is the most successful club in the UEFA Champions League, having won it thirteen times. Atlético Madrid have never won the Champions League, though they have reached the final on three occasions (losing twice against Real Madrid), and they have also won the UEFA Europa", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12722324", "chunk_text": "\"Real Madrid C.F.\"\nmost successful clubs in the UEFA Champions League/European Cup competition, Real winning thirteen times and Bayern winning five times. Although they have never met in a final, Real Madrid versus Bayern is the match that has historically been played most often in the Champions League/European Cup with 26 matches (12 wins for Madrid, 11 wins for Bayern, with 3 draws), Real's biggest loss at home in the Champions League came at the hands of Bayern on 29 February 2000, 2–4. Real Madrid supporters often refer to Bayern as the \"\"\"\"Bestia negra\"\"\"\" (\"\"Black Beast\"\"). During the 2010s, the two teams met", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8733637", "chunk_text": "\"Real Madrid C.F.\"\nin terms of trophies won in the history of Real Madrid. Real Madrid won the 2017 UEFA Super Cup 2–1 against Manchester United. Five days later, Real Madrid beat Barcelona at the Camp Nou in the first leg of the 2017 Supercopa de España, before winning the second leg 2–0, ending a 24 consecutive scoring record of Barcelona in \"\"El Clásico\"\" matches, and with a 5–1 aggregate score. Real Madrid also won their third successive UEFA Champions League in 2018, becoming the first club to win three straight UEFA Champions League titles since the tournament's inception, as well as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "389688", "chunk_text": "\"UEFA Champions League\"\nculminates with the final match in May. The winner of the UEFA Champions League qualifies for the UEFA Super Cup and the FIFA Club World Cup. Real Madrid is the most successful club in the competition's history, having won the tournament 13 times, including its first five seasons. Spanish clubs have accumulated the highest number of victories (18 wins), followed by England and Italy (12 wins apiece). England has the largest number of winning teams, with five clubs having won the title. The competition has been won by 22 clubs, 12 of which have won it more than once. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11050652", "chunk_text": "\"2016 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nThe all-Madrid final also guaranteed the city of Madrid becoming the most successful city in the European Cup with 11 wins and 17 final appearances, and also in all UEFA club competitions with 16 wins, overtaking the city of Milan with 10 wins and 16 final appearances in the European Cup and 15 wins in all UEFA club competitions. Real Madrid reached a record 14th final after a 1–0 aggregate win against Manchester City, with a chance to win a record 11th title. Previously, they won finals in 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966, 1998, 2000, 2002, and 2014, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11539937", "chunk_text": "\"Real Madrid C.F.\"\nthe UEFA Champions League. It was under Bernabéu's guidance that Real Madrid established itself as a major force in both Spanish and European football. The club won the European Cup five times in a row between 1956 and 1960, which included the 7–3 Hampden Park final against Eintracht Frankfurt in 1960. After these five consecutive successes, Real was permanently awarded the original cup and earning the right to wear the UEFA badge of honour. The club won the European Cup for a sixth time in 1966 defeating Partizan Belgrade 2–1 in the final with a team composed entirely of same", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3013135", "chunk_text": "\"2017 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nReal Madrid went into the final as top scorers of the 2016–17 Champions League, having scored 32 goals. This final is their third since 2014, and gives Real a chance to win a record 12th title. Previously they won finals in 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2014 and 2016, and lost in 1962, 1964 and 1981. This was also their 19th final in all seasonal UEFA competitions, having also played in two Cup Winners' Cup finals (losing in 1971 and 1983) and two UEFA Cup finals (winning in 1985 and 1986). Real Madrid are looking to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13615247", "chunk_text": "\"UEFA Champions League\"\nSix clubs have earned this honour: Real Madrid, Ajax, Bayern Munich, Milan, Liverpool and Barcelona. Since then instead the club which wins three years in a row or five overall receives a conmemorative badge to wear permanently on their uniform. The current trophy is tall and made of silver, weighing . It was designed by Jörg Stadelmann, a jeweller from Bern, Switzerland, after the original was given to Real Madrid in 1966 in recognition of their six titles to date, and cost 10,000 Swiss francs. As of the 2012–13 season, 40 gold medals are presented to the Champions League winners,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1059685", "chunk_text": "\"Real Madrid C.F.\"\nLa Liga titles, 19 Copa del Rey, 10 Supercopa de España, a Copa Eva Duarte, and a Copa de la Liga. In European and worldwide competitions, the club has won a record 25 trophies; a record 13 European Cup/UEFA Champions League titles, two UEFA Cups and four UEFA Super Cups. In international football, they have achieved a record six club world championships. Real Madrid was recognised as the FIFA Club of the 20th Century on 11 December 2000, and received the FIFA Centennial Order of Merit on 20 May 2004. The club was also awarded Best European Club of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "389705", "chunk_text": "\"UEFA Champions League\"\nthe first teams to reach the Champions League group stage after playing in all three qualifying rounds. In 2008–09 season, both BATE Borisov and Anorthosis Famagusta achieved the same feat. Real Madrid holds the record for the most consecutive appearances in the group stage, having qualified 22 times in a row (1997–present). They are followed by Arsenal on 19 (1998–2016) and Manchester United on 18 (1996–2013). Between 2003 and 2008, no differentiation was made between champions and non-champions in qualification. The 16 top ranked teams spread across the biggest domestic leagues qualified directly for the tournament group stage. Prior to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2826308", "chunk_text": "\"Real Madrid C.F. in international football competitions\"\nCup together with the Europa League tournament. In the UEFA Cup – Europa League, Real Madrid has won the trophy twice in a row, in 1984–85 and in 1985–86. The UEFA Super Cup was inaugurated in 1973 as a way of determining the best team in Europe, by pitting the holders of the European Champion Clubs' Cup against the winners of the Cup Winners' Cup. It is now a competition between the winner of the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League. Real Madrid first participated in the 1998 edition, after they won the 1997–98 UEFA Champions League. They", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7136430", "chunk_text": "\"2018 UEFA Champions League Final\"\ntwo UEFA Cup finals (winning in 1985 and 1986). Real Madrid are only the third team since the competition's rebranding as the Champions League to reach three consecutive finals after Milan in 1995 and Juventus in 1998. They are the first team in the Champions League era, and the fourth overall, to win three straight finals, a feat only achieved by the Real Madrid side of the 1950s, as they went on to win a record five successive finals, as well as the Ajax and Bayern Munich squads of the 1970s in 1973 and 1976, respectively. Liverpool reached their eighth", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20574830", "chunk_text": "\"2017 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nheadquarters in Nyon, Switzerland. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> With their win, Real Madrid secured a record-extending twelfth title in the European Cup/Champions League and became the first club to win back-to-back titles in the Champions League era. This was the club's third title win in four seasons; a feat that has only occurred thrice before – Real Madrid (1956–60), Ajax (1971–73) and Bayern Munich (1974–76). Real Madrid has not lost a final in the Champions League era, with their last defeat occurring in 1981. The victory also saw Madrid secure their first League – European Cup double since the 1957–58 season. Madrid's first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15044148", "chunk_text": "\"European Cup and UEFA Champions League records and statistics\"\nBayern Munich. A total of 12 clubs have won the tournament multiple times: the three forementioned clubs, along with Liverpool, Ajax, Barcelona, Inter Milan, Manchester United, Benfica, Nottingham Forest, Juventus, and Porto. A total of 17 clubs have reached the final without ever managing to win the tournament. Clubs from ten countries have provided tournament winners. Spanish clubs have been the most successful, winning a total of 17. Italy and England are joint-second with 12, while the other multiple-time winners are Germany with seven, Netherlands with six, and Portugal with four. The only other countries to provide a tournament winner", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4741917", "chunk_text": "\"European Cup and UEFA Champions League history\"\nagainst Juventus made Real Madrid the first team ever to repeat in the Champions League era, and the first to win consecutive titles in the competition since A.C. Milan in 1989 and 1990, when the tournament was known as the European Cup. Real Madrid’s title was its 12th, extending its record, and its third in four years. The achievement is also known as \"\"La Duodécima\"\". Real Madrid won their third title in a row in 2018 against Liverpool in Kyiv, with a great overhead bicycle goal by Gareth Bale, joined by a long-range goal from the Welshman too, the match", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1435676", "chunk_text": "\"History of Real Madrid C.F.\"\nwere proclaimed league champions and several important players arrived at the club, such as Roberto Carlos, Predrag Mijatović, Davor Šuker and Clarence Seedorf, to strengthen a squad that already boasted the likes of Raúl, Fernando Hierro and Fernando Redondo. As a result, Real Madrid, with the addition of Fernando Morientes in 1997, finally ended its 32-year wait for the seventh European Cup in 1998 under manager Jupp Heynckes, defeating Juventus 1–0 in the Final thanks to a goal from Mijatović. Real Madrid would go on to win again in 2000, 2002 (under manager Vicente del Bosque), 2014 (under manager Carlo", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18536558", "chunk_text": "\"UEFA Cup and Europa League records and statistics\"\ntimes, and only one to win three in a row. A total of 12 clubs have won the tournament multiple times: the forementioned club, along with Liverpool, Juventus, Internazionale, Atlético Madrid, Borussia Mönchengladbach, Tottenham Hotspur, Real Madrid, IFK Göteborg, Parma, Feyenoord, Porto. A total of 32 clubs have reached the final without ever managing to win the tournament. Clubs from eleven countries have provided tournament winners. Spanish clubs have been the most successful, winning a total of eleven. Italy is second with nine while the other multiple-time winners are England with eight, Germany with six, Netherlands with four, Portugal, Sweden", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7136440", "chunk_text": "\"2018 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nthe net. A second chance on goal for Ronaldo in the 93rd minute of play was interrupted by a pitch invader, who was captured by stadium stewards. The \"\"home\"\" team (for administrative purposes) was determined by an additional draw held after the semi-final draw, which was held on 13 April 2018, 13:00 CEST, at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Real Madrid became the first team since Bayern Munich in 1974–76 to win three consecutive UEFA Champions Leagues or European Cups. The title was Madrid's 13th, another Champions League record, and their fourth in five years. Real Madrid's victory", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1372570", "chunk_text": "Madrid\nEuropean teams ranking and the most valuable sports team in the world. Real is also the worldwide leader with a record 26 international titles, being the current holders of the UEFA Champions League and the FIFA Club World Cup. Their successful hometown rivals, Atlético Madrid, are also well-supported in the city and play their home games at the Wanda Metropolitano. Their supporters are referred to as \"\"Atléticos or Colchoneros\"\" (The Mattressers), in reference to the team's red and white jersey colours. Atlético is considered a European elite team, having reached in the last ten seasons, three UEFA Europa League titles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18145768", "chunk_text": "\"2017 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nbe the first team in the Champions League era (since 1993) to win two consecutive finals. Four times prior the previous champions have advanced to the final (Milan in 1995, Ajax in 1996, Juventus in 1997, and Manchester United in 2009), but on all occasions the title holders lost. The two sides had previously met eighteen times in European competitions, all in the European Cup/UEFA Champions League, with a record of eight wins each and two draws. The first meeting between the two sides took place in the 1961–62 European Cup quarter-finals, where Real Madrid beat Juventus 3–1 in a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11276515", "chunk_text": "\"European Cup and UEFA Champions League records and statistics\"\nwere knocked out from the group stage, but would have advanced following the old rule: Since the addition of a third qualifying round in 1999–2000, four teams have negotiated all three rounds of qualification and reached the Champions League group phase: Four teams have won the tournament from the third qualification round: Real Madrid hold the record of consecutive goalscoring in the Champions League matches. They have scored at least one goal in 34 consecutive games. The run started with a 1–1 draw against Barcelona in the second leg of the semi-final of the 2010–11 season. This continued with all", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18215571", "chunk_text": "\"2014 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nand Valencia, and the fifth final between teams from the same country, the others being 2003 (Italy), 2008 (England), and 2013 (Germany). Real Madrid reached a record 13th final after a 5–0 aggregate win against defending champions Bayern Munich, making it the first time the club had reached the final since they won their record ninth title in 2002. Previously they won finals in 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966, 1998, 2000, and 2002, and lost in 1962, 1964, and 1981. This was also their 17th final in all UEFA club competitions, having also played in two Cup Winners' Cup", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4137827", "chunk_text": "\"Football in Madrid\"\nranking and the most valuable sports team in the world. Real are the current holders of the European Cup (UEFA Champions League) having won the competition a record 13 times. The latest of their 33 La Liga title came in 2017. Their successful hometown rivals, Atlético Madrid, are also well-supported in the city and play their home games at the Wanda Metropolitano. Their supporters are referred to as \"\"Atléticos or Colchoneros\"\" (The Mattressers), in reference to the team's red and white jersey colours. Atlético is considered a European elite team, having reached in the last five seasons, two UEFA Champions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12722326", "chunk_text": "\"Real Madrid C.F.\"\nfor both clubs in the early 21st century. Another match that is often played in the European Cup/Champions League is Real Madrid vs Juventus, the most decorated Italian club. They have played each other in 21 matches and have an almost perfectly balanced record (9 wins for Juventus, 10 wins for Real Madrid, 2 draws), as well as nearly the same goal difference (Madrid ahead 26 to 25). Their first meeting was in the 1961–62 European Cup, which Real Madrid won 3-1 in a replay held in Paris. At the quarter-final stage in 1995–96, Juventus prevailed 2–1 and went on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8733631", "chunk_text": "\"Real Madrid C.F.\"\ntransfer price approximated at €100 million. In Ancelotti's first season at the club, Real Madrid won the Copa del Rey, with Bale scoring the winner in the final against Barcelona. On 24 May, Real Madrid defeated city rivals Atlético Madrid in the 2014 Champions League Final, winning their first European title since 2002, and becoming the first team to win ten European Cups/Champions League titles, an achievement known as \"\"\"\"La Décima\"\"\"\". After winning the 2014 Champions League, Real Madrid signed goalkeeper Keylor Navas, midfielder Toni Kroos and attacking midfielder James Rodríguez. The club won the 2014 UEFA Super Cup against", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8733636", "chunk_text": "\"Real Madrid C.F.\"\nthe 2016–17 La Liga for a record 33rd time, their first title in five years. On 3 June, the club's Champions League Final win against Juventus resulted in Real Madrid being the first team to successfully defend their title in the UEFA Champions League era, and the first to win consecutive titles in the competition since Milan in 1989 and 1990, when the tournament was known as the European Cup. Real Madrid's title was its 12th, extending its record, and its third in four years. The achievement is also known as \"\"\"\"La Duodécima\"\"\"\". The 2016–17 season was the greatest campaign", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1059686", "chunk_text": "\"Real Madrid C.F.\"\n20th Century by the IFFHS on 11 May 2010. In June 2017, the team succeeded in becoming the first club to win back to back Champions Leagues, then made it three in a row in May 2018, extending their lead atop the UEFA club rankings. Real Madrid's origins go back to when football was introduced to Madrid by the academics and students of the \"\"Institución Libre de Enseñanza\"\", which included several Cambridge and Oxford University graduates. They founded \"\"(Sociedad) Sky Football\"\" in 1897, commonly known as \"\"La Sociedad\"\" (The Society) as it was the only one based in Madrid, playing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12722290", "chunk_text": "\"Real Madrid C.F.\"\nsurpassing the previous Spanish record of 18 successive wins set by Frank Rijkaard's \"\"Barça\"\" in the 2005–06 season. The streak came to an end in their opening match of 2015 with a loss to Valencia, leaving the club two short of equalling the world record of 24 consecutive wins. The club failed to retain the Champions League (losing to Juventus in the semi-finals) and the Copa del Rey, and also failed to land the league title (finishing two points and a place behind champions Barcelona), shortcomings that all preceded Ancelotti's dismissing on 25 May 2015. On 3 June 2015, Rafael", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15940472", "chunk_text": "\"Real Madrid C.F.\"\n120,000 after a 1953 expansion. Since then, there have been a number of reductions due to modernizations (the last standing places went away in 1998–99 in response to UEFA regulations which forbids standing at matches in the UEFA competition), countered to some extent by expansions. The latest capacity is 81,044 spectators. A plan to add a retractable roof has been announced. Real Madrid has the fourth-highest of the average attendances of European football clubs, behind only Borussia Dortmund, Barcelona and Manchester United. The Bernabéu has hosted the 1964 UEFA European Championship final, the 1982 FIFA World Cup final, the 1957,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15044147", "chunk_text": "\"European Cup and UEFA Champions League records and statistics\"\nEuropean Cup and UEFA Champions League records and statistics This page details statistics of the European Cup and Champions League. Unless notified these statistics concern all seasons since inception of the European Cup in the 1955–56 season, including qualifying rounds of the UEFA Champions League as per \"\"Competition facts\"\"; all goals scored before league phase(s) count as \"\"qualifying goals\"\". A total of 22 clubs have won the tournament since its 1955 inception, with Real Madrid being the only team to win it thirteen times, including the first five. Only two other clubs have reached ten or more finals: Milan and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20719522", "chunk_text": "\"Zinedine Zidane\"\nfirst French manager, except the French-Argentinian Helenio Herrera, to win the trophy. In his first full-season as manager, Real Madrid recorded a club-record 16th consecutive La Liga victory by defeating Espanyol 2–0 away on 18 September 2016, overtaking their previous record of 15 set in 1960–61 and equaling the record of consecutive La Liga wins of Barcelona set in 2010–11. On 18 December, Real Madrid defeated Japanese club Kashima Antlers 4–2 in the final of the 2016 FIFA Club World Cup, with Cristiano Ronaldo scoring a hat-trick. On 12 January 2017, Madrid's draw against Sevilla FC in the second leg", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15940473", "chunk_text": "\"Real Madrid C.F.\"\n1969 and 1980 European Cup finals and the 2010 UEFA Champions League Final. The stadium has its own Madrid Metro station along the 10 line called \"\"Santiago Bernabéu\"\". On 14 November 2007, the Bernabéu has been upgraded to Elite Football Stadium status by UEFA. On 9 May 2006, the Alfredo Di Stéfano Stadium was inaugurated in the City of Madrid, where Real Madrid usually trains. The inaugural match was played between Real Madrid and Stade de Reims, a rematch of the 1956 European Cup final. Real Madrid won the match 6–1 with goals from Sergio Ramos, Antonio Cassano (2), Roberto", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13684387", "chunk_text": "\"Galácticos\"\nBenzema and Cristiano Ronaldo in the Madrid attack. The transfer of the Welshman is reportedly a new world record, with the transfer price around €100 million. In Ancelotti's first season at the club, Real Madrid won the Copa del Rey, with Bale scoring the winner in the final against Barcelona. On 24 May 2014, Real Madrid defeated city rivals Atlético Madrid in the Champions League Final, winning their first European title since 2002, and they became the first team to win ten European Cups, an achievement known as \"\"La Décima\"\". Real Madrid's attacking trio of Bale, Benzema and Cristiano, dubbed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16530863", "chunk_text": "\"History of Real Madrid C.F.\"\nAsensio and Lucas Vázquez also joined the club, while Sami Khedira signed for Juventus after his contract was not renewed by the club. Javier Hernández departed after end of his loan spell. Goalkeeper Iker Casillas left the club on 11 July 2015, joining Porto after 25 years with Madrid. Kiko Casilla was signed as his replacement on 17 July 2015. On 18 August 2015, Mateo Kovačić was signed from Internazionale. On 4 January 2016, it was announced Benítez was sacked and replaced by club legend Zinedine Zidane. 28 May 2016, Real Madrid won their 11th UEFA Champions League title after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3013134", "chunk_text": "\"2017 UEFA Champions League Final\"\nin 1985 and 1996, and lost a record six in 1973, 1983, 1997, 1998, 2003 and 2015. This was also their 14th final in all seasonal UEFA competitions, having also played in one Cup Winners' Cup final (winning in 1984) and four UEFA Cup finals (winning in 1977, 1990 and 1993, and losing in 1995). If they were to lose, Juventus would tie Benfica's record of five consecutive finals lost. Title holders Real Madrid reached a record 15th final after a 4–2 aggregate win against city rivals Atlético Madrid, knocking them out of the competition for the fourth consecutive season.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1435675", "chunk_text": "\"History of Real Madrid C.F.\"\nin 1966 with the team known as the Ye-Ye defeated Yugoslavian club Partizan 2–1 in the final with a team composed entirely of Spanish-born players, a first in the competition. They were also runners-up in 1962, 1964 and 1981. Winning the competition five consecutive times saw Real permanently awarded the original cup and earning the right to wear the UEFA badge of honour. They have also won the UEFA Cup twice and were twice runners-up in the European Cup Winners Cup. In 1996, president Lorenzo Sanz appointed Fabio Capello as coach. Although his tenure lasted only one season, Real Madrid", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2988918", "chunk_text": "\"Zinedine Zidane\"\nof the Copa del Rey round of 16 saw him win his 40th consecutive match without a loss – creating a new Spanish record, beating Luis Enrique's record of 39 matches undefeated with Barcelona. Zidane later led Madrid to the La Liga title, their 33rd in history, by defeating Málaga 2–0. On 3 June 2017, Zidane led Real Madrid to a 4–1 win against Italian side Juventus in the 2017 UEFA Champions League Final at Cardiff to grab the club's 12th European Cup (\"\"La Duodécima\"\"). This victory meant that Madrid were the first ever team to win the Champions League", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8616794", "chunk_text": "\"Sport in Madrid\"\nSport in Madrid Madrid is home to a number of football teams and other sports teams. Madrid is home to La Liga football club giants Real Madrid, who play their home games at the Santiago Bernabéu. Their supporters are referred to as \"\"Madridistas\"\" or \"\"Merengues\"\" (Meringues). Real Madrid is one of the most prestigious football clubs of the world (FIFA selected Real Madrid the best team of the 20th century), having won a record 13 European Cups. Real has also won record 33 league titles and 19 Copa del Rey titles. Real Madrid's successful hometown rivals, Atlético Madrid, are also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8733635", "chunk_text": "\"Real Madrid C.F.\"\nvictory in the 2016 UEFA Super Cup. On 10 December 2016, Madrid won their 35th-straight match without a loss, which set a new club record. On 18 December 2016, Madrid defeated Japanese club Kashima Antlers 4–2 in the final of the 2016 FIFA Club World Cup. With a 3–3 draw at Sevilla on 12 January 2017, Madrid's unbeaten run extended to 40, breaking Barcelona's Spanish record of 39 matches unbeaten in all competitions from the previous season. Their unbeaten streak ended after a 1–2 away loss against Sevilla in La Liga three days later. In May that year, Madrid won", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3762362", "chunk_text": "\"History of Real Madrid C.F.\"\ndefeating city rivals Atlético Madrid for the second time in three years. Real Madrid finished as runners-up in La Liga, only one point behind Barcelona. The 2016–17 season was the greatest campaign in terms of trophies won in the history of Real Madrid, as the club attained four titles, a feat previously never achieved by Real. Real Madrid won the 2017 UEFA Super Cup 2–1 against Manchester United on 8 August. Five days later, Real Madrid beat Barcelona at the Camp Nou 1–3 in the first leg of the 2017 Supercopa de España. Three days later, Real won the second", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12463610", "chunk_text": "Trophy\nsince 2009. The original trophy was awarded to Estudiantes de La Plata in 1970 (after their third win) - the present trophy is the third, identical edition. Until 2009, clubs that win the European Champion Clubs' Cup three times in successive seasons, or five times in total, were permitted to retain the trophy in perpetuity. The present trophy has been used since 2005–06 after Liverpool's fifth win in 2005. The original trophy was awarded to Real Madrid in 1966 (after their sixth win) — the present trophy is the sixth incarnation overall. Four trophies have served as an award (out", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_395	which animal on earth has the longest life span?	n/a	[ "tortoise" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19292167", "chunk_text": "\"Maximum life span\"\ndifferences in life span between species demonstrate the role of genetics in determining maximum life span (\"\"rate of aging\"\"). The records (in years) are these: The longest-lived vertebrates have been variously described as Invertebrate species which continue to grow as long as they live (\"\"e.g.,\"\" certain clams, some coral species) can on occasion live hundreds of years: Plants are referred to as annuals which live only one year, biennials which live two years, and perennials which live longer than that. The longest-lived perennials, woody-stemmed plants such as trees and bushes, often live for hundreds and even thousands of years (one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8094736", "chunk_text": "\"Maximum life span\"\nthan any experienced in the last five centuries if maximum lifespan remains unlimited by law. Modern Malthusian predictions of overpopulation based on increased longevity have been criticized on the same basis as general Population Alarmism (see Malthusianism). Small animals such as birds and squirrels rarely live to their maximum life span, usually dying of accidents, disease or predation. The maximum life span of most species is documented in the Anage repository. Maximum life span is usually longer for species that are larger or have effective defenses against predation, such as bird flight, chemical defenses or living in social groups. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9419508", "chunk_text": "Shark\n30 years. The spiny dogfish has one of the longest lifespans at more than 100 years. Whale sharks (\"\"Rhincodon typus\"\") may also live over 100 years. Earlier estimates suggested the Greenland shark (\"\"Somniosus microcephalus\"\") could reach about 200 years, but a recent study found that a specimen was 392 ± 120 years old (i.e., at least 272 years old), making it the longest-lived vertebrate known. Unlike most bony fish, sharks are K-selected reproducers, meaning that they produce a small number of well-developed young as opposed to a large number of poorly developed young. Fecundity in sharks ranges from 2 to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15117236", "chunk_text": "Tortoise\nlongest living species of tortoise is a matter of debate. Galápagos tortoises are noted to live over 150 years, but an Aldabra giant tortoise named Adwaita may have been the longest living at an estimated 255 years. In general, most tortoise species can live 80–150 years. Differences exist in usage of the common terms turtle, tortoise, and terrapin, depending on the variety of English being used; usage is inconsistent and contradictory. These terms are common names and do not reflect precise biological or taxonomic distinctions. The American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists uses \"\"turtle\"\" to describe all species of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15572527", "chunk_text": "\"Methuselah Foundation\"\nand his team at the University of Liverpool. The bowhead whale is possibly the longest-lived mammal, capable of living over 200 years. The genome project was undertaken to learn more about the mammal's mechanisms for longevity and resistance to age-related diseases, which are unknown. An assembly of the bowhead whale genome has been made available online to promote further research. In 2013, Methuselah began fiscally sponsoring and collaborating with the Organ Preservation Alliance (OPA), an initiative coordinating research and stakeholders for the preservation of tissues and organs. OPA's activities have included: hosting Organ Banking Summits, developing a technology roadmap for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5955671", "chunk_text": "Ageing\nindividual lifespans stand out among Earth's life-forms, including the bristlecone pine at 5062 years or 5067 years, invertebrates like the hard clam (known as \"\"quahog\"\" in New England) at 508 years, the Greenland shark at 400 years, various deep-sea tube worms at over 300 years, fish like the sturgeon and the rockfish, and the sea anemone and lobster. Such organisms are sometimes said to exhibit negligible senescence. The genetic aspect has also been demonstrated in studies of human centenarians. In laboratory settings, researchers have demonstrated that selected alterations in specific genes can extend lifespan quite substantially in yeast and roundworms,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19292168", "chunk_text": "\"Maximum life span\"\nmay question whether or not they may die of old age). A giant sequoia, General Sherman is alive and well in its third millennium. A Great Basin Bristlecone Pine called Methuselah is 4,848 years old (as of 2017) and the Bristlecone Pine called Prometheus was a little older still, at least 4,844 years (and possibly as old as 5,000 years), when it was cut down in 1964. The oldest known plant (possibly oldest living thing) is a clonal Quaking Aspen (\"\"Populus tremuloides\"\") tree colony in the Fishlake National Forest in Utah called Pando at about 80,000 years. Lichen, a symbiotic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4212786", "chunk_text": "\"Even-toed ungulate\"\nexception of the hairless hippos). Juvenile deer and pigs have striped or spotted coats; the pattern disappears as they grow older. The juveniles of some species spend their first weeks with their mother in a safe location, where others may be running and following the herd within a few hours or days. The life expectancy is typically twenty to thirty years; as in many mammals, smaller species often have a shorter lifespan than larger species. The artiodactyls with the longest lifespans are the hippos, cows, and camels, which can live 40 to 50 years. Artiodactyls have different natural predators depending", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9244782", "chunk_text": "Tortoise\nanimal, and some individuals are known to have lived longer than 150 years. Because of this, they symbolize longevity in some cultures, such as China. The oldest tortoise ever recorded, and one of the oldest individual animals ever recorded, was Tu'i Malila, which was presented to the Tongan royal family by the British explorer Captain Cook shortly after its birth in 1777. Tu'i Malila remained in the care of the Tongan royal family until its death by natural causes on May 19, 1965, at the age of 188. The record for the longest-lived vertebrate is exceeded only by one other,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "627016", "chunk_text": "Bovidae\n(as in muskox). Most wild bovids live for 10 to 15 years. Larger species tend to live longer; for instance, American bison can live up to 25 years and gaur up to 30 years. The mean lifespan of domesticated individuals is nearly ten years. For example, domesticated goats have an average lifespan of 12 years. Usually males, mainly in polygynous species, have shorter lifespans than females. This can be attributed to several reasons: early dispersal of young males, aggressive male-male fights, vulnerability to predation (particularly when males are less agile, as in kudu), and malnutrition (being large in size, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14870103", "chunk_text": "\"Giant panda\"\nthis feature in his book of essays on evolution and biology, \"\"The Panda's Thumb\"\". The giant panda's tail, measuring , is the second-longest in the bear family. (The longest belongs to the sloth bear.) The giant panda typically lives around 20 years in the wild and up to 30 years in captivity. A female named Jia Jia was the oldest giant panda ever in captivity, born in 1978 and died at an age of 38 on 16 October 2016. A seven-year-old female named Jin Yi died in 2014 in a zoo in Zhengzhou, China, after showing symptoms of gastroenteritis and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14966756", "chunk_text": "\"Biological immortality\"\nadults through most tissue, which has been suggested to be related to their longevity. Contrary to popular belief, lobsters are not immortal. Lobsters grow by moulting which requires a lot of energy, and the larger the shell the more energy is required. Eventually, the lobster will die from exhaustion during a moult. Older lobsters are also known to stop moulting, which means that the shell will eventually become damaged, infected, or fall apart and they die. The European lobster has an average life span of 31 years for males and 54 years for females. Planarian flatworms have both sexually and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9781682", "chunk_text": "\"Evolution of ageing\"\nmammals, the best-studied in terms of life history. There is a correlation among mammals between body size and lifespan, such that larger species live longer than smaller species under controlled/optimum conditions, but there are notable exceptions. For instance, many bats and rodents are of similar size, yet bats live much longer. For instance, the little brown bat, half the size of a mouse, can live 30 years in the wild. A mouse will only live 2–3 years even under optimum conditions. The explanation is that bats have fewer predators, and therefore low extrinsic mortality. More individuals survive to later ages,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13956242", "chunk_text": "\"Life expectancy\"\nbeen bolstered by several new studies linking lower basal metabolic rate to increased life expectancy. That is the key to why animals like giant tortoises can live so long. Studies of humans with life spans of at least 100 have shown a link to decreased thyroid activity, resulting in their lowered metabolic rate. In a broad survey of zoo animals, no relationship was found between the fertility of the animal and its life span. The starting point for calculating life expectancy is the age-specific death rates of the population members. If a large number of data is available, a statistical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19292156", "chunk_text": "\"Maximum life span\"\nMaximum life span Maximum life span (or, for humans, maximum reported age at death) is a measure of the maximum amount of time one or more members of a population have been observed to survive between birth and death. The term can also denote an estimate of the maximum amount of time that a member of a given species could survive between birth and death, provided circumstances that are optimal to that member's longevity. Most living species have at least one upper limit on the number of times the cells of a member can divide. This is called the Hayflick", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18077757", "chunk_text": "\"Aldabrachelys gigantea hololissa\"\nto outlive their human observers. Adwaita was reputedly one of four brought by British seamen from the Seychelles Islands as gifts to Robert Clive of the British East India Company in the 18th century, and came to Calcutta Zoo in 1875. At his death in March 2006 at the Kolkata (formerly Calcutta) Zoo in India, Adwaita is reputed to have reached the longest ever measured life span of 255 years (birth year 1750). Today, Jonathan, a Seychelles giant tortoise, 184 years old, is thought to be the oldest living giant tortoise, and Esmeralda, 170 years old, the second oldest, since", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9489364", "chunk_text": "\"Aging in dogs\"\na Beagle (average life expectancy 13.3 years) usually lives to around 12–15 years, and a Scottish Terrier (average life expectancy 12 years) usually lives to around 10–16 years. Two of the longest living dogs on record, \"\"Bluey\"\" and \"\"Chilla\"\", were Australian Cattle Dogs. This has prompted a study of the longevity of the Australian Cattle Dog to examine if the breed might have exceptional longevity. The 100-dog survey yielded a mean longevity of 13.41 years with a standard deviation of 2.36 years. The study concluded that while Australian Cattle Dogs are a healthy breed and do live on average almost", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "364955", "chunk_text": "\"Life extension\"\nmacromolecules, cells, tissues, and organs. Specifically, aging is characterized as and thought to be caused by \"\"genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication.\"\" Oxidation damage to cellular contents caused by free radicals is believed to contribute to aging as well. The longest a human has ever been proven to live is 122 years, the case of Jeanne Calment who was born in 1875 and died in 1997, whereas the maximum lifespan of a wildtype mouse, commonly used as a model in research on aging,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12937379", "chunk_text": "\"Aldabra giant tortoise\"\nin India, Adwaita is reputed to have reached the longest ever measured lifespan of 255 years (birth year 1750). Today, Jonathan, a Seychelles giant tortoise (\"\"A. g. hololissa\"\"), is thought to be the oldest living giant tortoise at the age of years and Esmeralda is second at the age of 170 years, since the death of Harriet at 176, a Galapagos giant tortoise. Esmeralda is an Aldabra giant tortoise. Between February and May, females lay between 9 and 25 rubbery eggs in a shallow, dry nest. Usually, less than half of the eggs are fertile. Females can produce multiple clutches", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7918949", "chunk_text": "Bat\nlife than other species. This is probably due to the species' blood-based diet, which is difficult to obtain on a nightly basis. The maximum lifespan of bats is three-and-a-half times longer than other mammals of similar size. Six species have been recorded to live over 30 years in the wild: the brown long-eared bat (\"\"Plecotus auritus\"\"), the little brown bat \"\"(Myotis lucifugus)\"\", Brandt's bat (\"\"Myotis brandti\"\"), the lesser mouse-eared bat (\"\"Myotis blythii\"\") the greater horseshoe bat (\"\"Rhinolophus ferrumequinum\"\"), and the Indian flying fox (\"\"Pteropus giganteus\"\"). One hypothesis consistent with the rate-of-living theory links this to the fact that they slow", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16117467", "chunk_text": "\"Brandt's bat\"\nBrandt's bat Brandt's bat (\"\"Myotis brandtii\"\") is a species of vesper bat in the family Vespertilionidae. It is found throughout most of Europe and parts of Asia. It is known for its extreme life expectancy relative to its body size, approximately twice that of humans. The Brandt's bat holds the record for oldest bat recorded; in 2005, a banded bat was discovered in a cave in Siberia that had been banded in 1964, making the bat at least 41 years old. The species was described in 1845 by German zoologist Eduard Friedrich Eversmann, who placed it the genus \"\"Vespertilio\"\". For", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18077743", "chunk_text": "\"Aldabrachelys gigantea arnoldi\"\nlife span of 255 years (birth year 1750). Today, Jonathan, a Seychelles giant tortoise, is thought to be the oldest living giant tortoise at the age of 184 years and Esmeralda second at the age of 170 years, since the death of Harriet, a Galapagos giant tortoise, at 176. Esmeralda is an Aldabra giant tortoise. This is a controversial subspecies possibly distinct from the Aldabra giant tortoise. The subspecies is a morphologically distinctive morphotype, but is considered synonymous with that species by many researchers. This identification is based primarily on morphological characters. Published molecular identifications are unclear with several different", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15098203", "chunk_text": "Dog\nyears. The median longevity of mixed-breed dogs, taken as an average of all sizes, is one or more years longer than that of purebred dogs when all breeds are averaged. The longest-lived dog was \"\"Bluey\"\", who died in 1939 at age 29.5 years of age. In domestic dogs, sexual maturity begins to happen around age six to twelve months for both males and females, although this can be delayed until up to two years old for some large breeds. This is the time at which female dogs will have their first estrous cycle. They will experience subsequent estrous cycles semiannually,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10662402", "chunk_text": "\"Brandt's bat\"\nlive longer than 18.5 years. In mammals, larger animals tend to have longer lifespans than smaller ones; the Brandt's bat is the most extreme outlier to this pattern, with lifespans exceeding 40 years in the wild while only weighing . Compared to other animals its size, it lives 9.8 times longer than expected, which is the greatest value of any mammal with a known lifespan. Researchers identified changes in its growth hormone receptors and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptors that likely contribute to its long life expectancy. By roosting in caves, it is able to avoid extreme weather conditions and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2143536", "chunk_text": "\"Maximum life span\"\nalgae and fungal proto-plant, such as \"\"Rhizocarpon geographicum\"\" can live upwards of 10,000 years. \"\"Maximum life span\"\" here means the mean life span of the most long-lived 10% of a given cohort. Caloric restriction has not yet been shown to break mammalian world records for longevity. Rats, mice, and hamsters experience maximum life-span extension from a diet that contains all of the nutrients but only 40–60% of the calories that the animals consume when they can eat as much as they want. Mean life span is increased 65% and maximum life span is increased 50%, when caloric restriction is begun", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5276895", "chunk_text": "Ageing\nvicious cycles . The discovery, in 1934, that calorie restriction can extend lifespan by 50% in rats has motivated research into delaying and preventing ageing. Human beings and members of other species, especially animals, necessarily experience ageing and mortality. Fungi, too, can age. In contrast, many species can be considered immortal: for example, bacteria fission to produce daughter cells, strawberry plants grow runners to produce clones of themselves, and animals in the genus \"\"Hydra\"\" have a regenerative ability by which they avoid dying of old age. Early life forms on Earth, starting at least 3.7 billion years ago, were single-celled", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17200278", "chunk_text": "\"Giant otter\"\nmay aggressively charge intruders, including boats with humans in them. The longest documented giant otter lifespan in the wild is eight years. In captivity, this may increase to 17, with an unconfirmed record of 19. The animal is susceptible to a variety of diseases, including canine parvovirus. Parasites, such as the larvae of flies and a variety of intestinal worms, also afflict the giant otter. Other causes of death include accidents, gastroenteritis, infanticide, and epileptic seizures. The giant otter is an apex predator, and its population status reflects the overall health of riverine ecosystems. It feeds mainly on fish, including", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5700379", "chunk_text": "\"Life extension\"\navoidance of hazards such as smoking. Maximum lifespan is determined by the rate of aging for a species inherent in its genes and by environmental factors. Widely recognized methods of extending maximum lifespan in model organisms such as nematodes, fruit flies, and mice include caloric restriction, gene manipulation, and administration of pharmaceuticals. Another technique uses evolutionary pressures such as breeding from only older members or altering levels of extrinsic mortality. Some animals such as hydra, planarian flatworms, and certain sponges, corals, and jellyfish do not die of old age and exhibit potential immortality. Much life extension research focuses on nutrition—diets", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9453835", "chunk_text": "\"Giant tortoise\"\nis the shell of an extinct giant tortoise found in a submerged sinkhole in Florida with a wooden spear piercing it, carbon dated to 12,000 years ago. Today, only one of the species of the Indian Ocean survives in the wild, the Aldabra giant tortoise (two more are claimed to exist in captive or re-released populations, but some genetic studies have cast doubt on the validity of these as separate species) and 10 extant species in the Galápagos. Giant tortoises are among the world's longest-living animals, with an average lifespan of 100 years or more. The Madagascar radiated tortoise Tu'i", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12932847", "chunk_text": "Potto\nand neck-butt its opponent, making use of its unusual vertebrae. It can also deliver a powerful bite. Its saliva contains compounds that cause the wound to become inflamed. The highest recorded life span for a potto in captivity is 26 years. In a study of strepsirrhine cognition conducted in 1964, pottos were seen to explore and manipulate unfamiliar objects, but only when those objects were baited with food. They were found to be more curious than lorises and lesser bushbabies, but less so than lemurs. Ursula Cowgill, a biologist at Yale University who looked after six captive pottos for several", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3741038", "chunk_text": "\"Maximum life span\"\nlimit, although number of cell divisions does not strictly control lifespan. In animal studies, maximum span is often taken to be the mean life span of the most long-lived 10% of a given cohort. By another definition, however, maximum life span corresponds to the age at which the oldest known member of a species or experimental group has died. Calculation of the maximum life span in the latter sense depends upon initial sample size. \"\"Maximum life span\"\" contrasts with \"\"mean life span (average life span\"\", \"\"life expectancy)\"\", and \"\"longevity\"\". Mean life span varies with susceptibility to disease, accident, suicide and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16817832", "chunk_text": "Termite\na few hundred individuals to enormous societies with several million individuals. Termite queens have the longest lifespan of any insect in the world, with some queens reportedly living up to 30 to 50 years. Unlike ants, which undergo a complete metamorphosis, each individual termite goes through an incomplete metamorphosis that proceeds through egg, nymph, and adult stages. Colonies are described as superorganisms because the termites form part of a self-regulating entity: the colony itself. Termites are a delicacy in the diet of some human cultures and are used in many traditional medicines. Several hundred species are economically significant as pests", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20644293", "chunk_text": "Caracal\nJuveniles leave their mothers at nine to ten months, though a few females stay back with their mothers. The average lifespan of the caracal in captivity is nearly 16 years. Caracals have been tamed and used for hunting since the time of ancient Egypt. The caracal was first described by German naturalist Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber as \"\"Felis caracal\"\" in 1776. In 1843, British zoologist John Edward Gray placed it in the genus \"\"Caracal\"\". It is placed in the family Felidae and subfamily Felinae. In the 19th and 20th centuries, several caracal specimens were described and proposed as subspecies.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14916435", "chunk_text": "\"Greenland shark\"\nGreenland shark The Greenland shark (\"\"Somniosus microcephalus\"\"), also known as the gurry shark, grey shark, or by the Kalaallisut name eqalussuaq, is a large shark of the family Somniosidae (\"\"sleeper sharks\"\"), closely related to the Pacific and southern sleeper sharks. The distribution of this species is mostly restricted to the waters of the North Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean. It has the longest known lifespan of all vertebrate species (estimated to be between 300–500 years), and is among the largest extant species of shark. As an adaptation to living at depth, it has a high concentration of trimethylamine N-oxide in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12544642", "chunk_text": "\"Galápagos tortoise\"\n20–25 years in captivity, possibly 40 years in the wild. Life expectancy in the wild is thought to be over 100 years, making it one of the longest-lived species in the animal kingdom. Harriet, a specimen kept in Australia Zoo, was the oldest known Galápagos tortoise, having reached an estimated age of more than 170 years before her death in 2006. Chambers notes that Harriet was probably 169 years old in 2004, although media outlets claimed the greater age of 175 at death based on a less reliable timeline. Charles Darwin visited the Galápagos for five weeks on the second", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5955670", "chunk_text": "Ageing\na large extent, is genetically based. For example, numerous perennial plants ranging from strawberries and potatoes to willow trees typically produce clones of themselves by vegetative reproduction and are thus potentially immortal, while annual plants such as wheat and watermelons die each year and reproduce by sexual reproduction. In 2008 it was discovered that inactivation of only two genes in the annual plant \"\"Arabidopsis thaliana\"\" leads to its conversion into a potentially immortal perennial plant. The oldest animals known so far are 15,000-year-old Antarctic sponges, which can reproduce both sexually and clonally. Clonal immortality apart, there are certain species whose", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13956220", "chunk_text": "\"Life expectancy\"\ngroup of people at a given age. Longevity refers to the characteristics of the relatively long life span of some members of a population. Maximum lifespan is the age at death for the longest-lived individual of a species. Moreover, because life expectancy is an average, a particular person may die many years before or many years after the \"\"expected\"\" survival. The term \"\"maximum life span\"\" has a quite different meaning and is more related to longevity. Life expectancy is also used in plant or animal ecology; life tables (also known as actuarial tables). The term life expectancy may also be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15122808", "chunk_text": "Mammal\nis not unique to mammals. Among mammals, species maximum lifespan varies significantly (for example the [[shrew]] has a lifespan of two years, whereas the oldest [[bowhead whale]] is recorded to be 211 years). Although the underlying basis for these lifespan differences is still uncertain, numerous studies indicate that the ability to [[DNA repair\|repair DNA damages]] is an important determinant of mammalian lifespan. In a 1974 study by Hart and Setlow, it was found that DNA excision repair capability increased systematically with species lifespan among seven mammalian species. Species lifespan was observed to be robustly correlated with the capacity to recognize", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14727193", "chunk_text": "Cetacea\nmammals. Some species, such as the bowhead whale (\"\"Balaena mysticetus\"\"), can reach over 200 years. Based on the annual rings of the bony otic capsule, the age of the oldest known specimen is a male determined to be 211 years at the time of death. Upon death, whale carcasses fall to the deep ocean and provide a substantial habitat for marine life. Evidence of whale falls in present-day and fossil records shows that deep-sea whale falls support a rich assemblage of creatures, with a global diversity of 407 species, comparable to other neritic biodiversity hotspots, such as cold seeps and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8394224", "chunk_text": "\"Bluey (dog)\"\nBluey (dog) Bluey (7 June 1910 – 14 November 1939) was an Australian cattle dog owned by Les and Esma Hall of Rochester, Victoria, Australia. According to \"\"Guinness World Records\"\", Bluey lived 29 years, 5 months and is the oldest dog ever verified. Two owners have made claims for longer-lived dogs Max and Bella, but these claims have not been independently verified. Bluey's age, along with that of \"\"Chilla,\"\" a mixed-breed (Labrador-Australian Cattle Dog) reported to have lived to the age of 32 years and 12 days, prompted a study of the longevity of the Australian Cattle Dog to examine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9489365", "chunk_text": "\"Aging in dogs\"\na year longer than most dogs of other breeds in the same weight class, record ages such as Bluey's or Chilla's should be regarded as uncharacteristic exceptions rather than as indicators of common exceptional longevity for the entire breed. A random-bred dog (also known as a mongrel or a mutt) has an average life expectancy of 13.2 years in the Western world. Some attempts have been made to determine the causes for breed variation in life expectancy. These data are from Michell (1999). The total sample size for his study was about 3,000 dogs, but the sample size for each", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19533685", "chunk_text": "Porbeagle\nand females at a fork length of and an age of 15–18 years. The oldest porbeagle on record was 26 years of age and measured long. The maximum lifespan of this species appears to be 30–40 years in the Atlantic, but could be as much as 65 years in the South Pacific. Like other members of its family, the porbeagle is endothermic; metabolic heat generated by its red muscles is conserved within the body by specialized systems of blood vessels called \"\"retia mirabilia\"\" (Latin for \"\"wonderful nets\"\"; singular \"\"rete mirabile\"\"), that act as highly efficient countercurrent heat exchangers. The porbeagle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5036854", "chunk_text": "Pteropus\nremain fertile with no decrease in reproductive capability for at least the first 12 or 13 years of life. Flying foxes, like all bats, are long-lived relative to their size. In the wild, average lifespans are likely 15 years. However, individuals part of populations that face excessive disturbance may have lifespans as short as 7.1 years. In captivity, individuals can live approximately 20–28 years. The longest-lived flying fox was an Indian flying fox who lived in captivity. It lived to age 31 years and 5 months. Most flying fox species are gregarious and form large aggregations of individuals called colonies", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17807821", "chunk_text": "\"Megafaunal wolf\"\nlast glaciation. These animals have been termed Pleistocene megafauna. The most common definition of megafauna is an animal with an adult body weight of over 44 kg. Across Eurasia, the straight-tusked elephant became extinct between 100,000–50,000 years BP. The hippopotamus, interglacial rhinoceros (\"\"Stephanorhinus\"\"), cave bear (\"\"Ursus spelaeus\"\"), and heavy-bodied Asian antelope (\"\"Spirocerus\"\") died out between 50,000-16,000 years BP. The spotted hyena, woolly rhinoceros, and mammoths died out between 16,000-11,500 years BP. The musk ox died out after 11,500 BP, as did the giant deer (\"\"Megaloceros\"\"), with the last pocket having survived until about 7,700 years BP in western Siberia. A", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9781683", "chunk_text": "\"Evolution of ageing\"\nso the force of selection against late-acting deleterious mutations is stronger. Fewer late-acting deleterious mutations equates to lower mortality and therefore a longer lifespan. Birds are also warm-blooded and are similar in size to many small mammals, yet often live 5–10 times as long. They have less predation pressure than ground-dwelling mammals. Seabirds, which, in general, have the fewest predators of all birds, live longest. When examining the body-size vs. lifespan relationship, one also observes that predatory mammals tend to live longer than prey mammals in a controlled environment, such as a zoo or nature reserve. The explanation for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14031405", "chunk_text": "\"Max (dog)\"\nMax (dog) Max (9 August 1983 – 18 May 2013) was a beagle, dachshund and terrier mix whose owner claimed that he had lived 29 years and 282 days. His owner, Janelle Derouen, adopted him from a Louisiana sugar cane farmer in 1983. In August 2009, \"\"The Telegraph\"\" reported that Max had veterinary records proving his age and that at 29 he was the world's oldest living dog. He was 3 years older than Pusuke a Shiba Inu who, at 26 years of age, had previously been considered the oldest living dog. On May 15, 2013, the Guinness World Records", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16461596", "chunk_text": "Geoduck\nyear. There is a growing concern over the increase of parasites in the Puget Sound population of geoduck. Whether these microsporidium-like parasitic species were introduced by commercial farming is being studied by Sea Grant. Research to date does indicate their presence. Geoducks are one of the longest-living organisms in the animal kingdom. The oldest recorded specimen was 168 years old, but individuals usually live up to 140 years. A geoduck sucks water containing plankton down through its long siphon, filters this for food and ejects its refuse out through a separate hole in the siphon. Adult geoducks have few natural", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16118822", "chunk_text": "\"Transandinomys talamancae\"\ndays old, were already pregnant. The oldest specimen Fleming observed was nine months old; he estimated that animals were unlikely to live for more than a year in the wild and that the mean age at death was 2.9 months. Ten species of mites (\"\"Gigantolaelaps aitkeni\"\", \"\"Gigantolaelaps gilmorei\"\", \"\"Gigantolaelaps oudemansi\"\", \"\"Gigantolaelaps wolffsohni\"\", \"\"Haemolaelaps glasgowi\"\", \"\"Laelaps dearmasi\"\", \"\"Laelaps pilifer\"\", \"\"Laelaps thori\"\", \"\"Mysolaelaps parvispinosus\"\", and \"\"Paraspeleognathopsis cricetidarum\"\"), thirteen chiggers (\"\"Aitkenius cunctatus\"\", \"\"Ascoschoengastia dyscrita\"\", \"\"Eutrombicula alfreddugesi\"\", \"\"Eutrombicula goeldii\"\", \"\"Intercutestrix tryssa\"\", \"\"Leptotrombidium panamensis\"\", \"\"Myxacarus oscillatus\"\", \"\"Pseudoschoengastia abditiva\"\", \"\"Pseudoschoengastia bulbifera\"\", \"\"Trombicula dunni\"\", and \"\"Trombicula keenani\"\"), and four fleas (\"\"Jellisonia\"\" sp., \"\"Polygenis roberti\"\", \"\"Polygenis klagesi\"\", and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18077742", "chunk_text": "\"Aldabrachelys gigantea arnoldi\"\nsubspecies. Giant tortoises are among the longest-lived animals on the planet. Some individual Aldabra giant tortoises are thought to be over 200 years of age, but this is difficult to verify because they tend to outlive their human observers. Adwaita was reputedly one of four brought by British seamen from the Seychelles Islands as gifts to Robert Clive of the British East India Company in the 18th century, and came to the Calcutta Zoo in 1875. At his death in March 2006 at the Kolkata (formerly Calcutta) Zoo in India, Adwaita is reputed to have reached the longest ever measured", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15612553", "chunk_text": "Animal\nincluding salt water, hydrothermal vents, fresh water, hot springs, swamps, forests, pastures, deserts, air, and the interiors of animals, plants, fungi and rocks. Animals are however not particularly heat tolerant; very few of them can survive at constant temperatures above . Only very few species of animals (mostly nematodes) inhabit the most extreme cold deserts of continental Antarctica. The blue whale (\"\"Balaenoptera musculus\"\") is the largest animal that has ever lived, weighing up to 190 metric tonnes and measuring up to long. The largest extant terrestrial animal is the African bush elephant (\"\"Loxodonta africana\"\"), weighing up to 12.25 tonnes and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_396	where do you get a cashiers check from?	n/a	[ "a bank", "bank" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9517307", "chunk_text": "\"Cashier's check\"\nCashier's check A cashier's check (or cashier's cheque) is a check guaranteed by a bank, drawn on the bank's own funds and signed by a cashier. Cashier's checks are treated as guaranteed funds because the bank, rather than the purchaser, is responsible for paying the amount. They are commonly required for real estate and brokerage transactions. Cashier's checks deposited into a bank account are usually cleared the next day. The customer can request \"\"next-day availability\"\" when depositing a cashier's check in person. When cashier’s checks took weeks to clear the banks, they were often forged in fraud schemes. The recipient", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9517318", "chunk_text": "\"Cashier's check\"\naccount credit many days later, the customer will usually have already mailed the item. In many cases the \"\"check\"\" or \"\"money order\"\" is for more than the amount owed, and the victim is asked to refund the difference in cash. Cashier's check A cashier's check (or cashier's cheque) is a check guaranteed by a bank, drawn on the bank's own funds and signed by a cashier. Cashier's checks are treated as guaranteed funds because the bank, rather than the purchaser, is responsible for paying the amount. They are commonly required for real estate and brokerage transactions. Cashier's checks deposited into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16917956", "chunk_text": "\"Cashier's check\"\nofficer or other senior official. Some banks contract out the maintenance of their cashier's check accounts and check issuing. One leading contractor is Integrated Payment Systems, which issues cashier's checks and coordinates redemption of the items for many banks, in addition to issuing money orders and other payment instruments. In theory, checks issued by a financial institution but drawn on another institution, as is often the case with credit unions, are teller's checks. Due to an increase in fraudulent activities, starting in 2006 many banks insist upon waiting for a cashier's check to clear the originating institution before making funds", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16917960", "chunk_text": "\"Cashier's check\"\nare limited to a specified maximum amount ($1,000 or less under U.S. law for domestic postal money orders). Because of US regulatory requirements associated with the Patriot Act and the Bank Secrecy Act due to updated concerns over money laundering, most insurance and brokerage firms will no longer accept money orders as payment for insurance premiums or as deposits into brokerage accounts. Counterfeit money orders and cashier's checks have been used in certain scams to steal from those who sell their goods online on sites such as eBay and Craigslist. The \"\"counterfeit cashier's check scam\"\" is a scheme where the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4381244", "chunk_text": "\"Cashier's check\"\ncertifies that the signature is genuine and that the customer has sufficient funds in the account to cover the check. Also, it should not be confused with a counter check, which is a non-personalized check provided by the bank for the convenience of a customer in making withdrawals or payments but is not guaranteed and is functionally equivalent to a personal check. Cashier's checks feature the name of the issuing bank in a prominent location, usually the upper left-hand corner or upper centre of the check. In addition, they are generally produced with enhanced security features, including watermarks, security thread,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12822962", "chunk_text": "Cashier\nCashier A retail cashier or simply a cashier is a person who handles the cash register at various locations such as the point of sale in a retail store. The most common use of the title is in the retail industry, but this job title is also used in the context of accountancy for the person responsible for receiving and disbursing money or within branch banking in the United Kingdom for the job known in the United States as a bank teller. In a shop, a cashier (or checkout operator) is a person who scans the goods through a cash", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9517311", "chunk_text": "\"Cashier's check\"\ncolor-shifting ink, and special bond paper. These are designed to decrease the vulnerability to counterfeit items. To be recognized as a cashier's check, words to that effect must be included in a prominent place on the front of the item. The payee's name, the written and numeric amount to be tendered, the remitter's information, and other tracking information (such as the branch of issue), are printed on the front of the check. The check is generally signed by one or two bank employees or officers; however, some banks issue cashier's checks featuring a facsimile signature of the bank's chief executive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9517309", "chunk_text": "\"Cashier's check\"\nnot debit the amount from the customer's account until the check is deposited or cashed by the recipient. A cashier's check is not the same as a teller's check, also known as a banker's draft, which is a check provided to a customer of a bank or acquired from a bank for remittance purposes and drawn by the bank, and drawn on another bank or payable through or at a bank. A cashier's check is also different from a certified check, which is a personal check written by the customer and drawn on the customer's account, on which the bank", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4381247", "chunk_text": "\"Cashier's check\"\navailable for withdrawal. Personal checks will thus have the same utility in such transactions. In the United States, under Article 3 of the Uniform Commercial Code, a cashier's check is effective as a note of the issuing bank. Also, according to Regulation CC (Reg CC) of the Federal Reserve, cashier's checks are recognized as \"\"guaranteed funds\"\" and amounts under $5,000 are not subject to deposit hold, except in the case of new accounts. The length of a hold varies (2 days to 2 weeks) depending on the bank. It is not clear what length of time may pass before a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11640811", "chunk_text": "Cashier\nhandled by such employees has declined, and this usage of the word \"\"cashier\"\" has been largely supplanted by the title comptroller. In a bank branch in the United Kingdom, a cashier is someone who enables customers to interact with their accounts, such as by accepting and disbursing money and accepting checks. In the United States, this job is called a bank teller. Cashier A retail cashier or simply a cashier is a person who handles the cash register at various locations such as the point of sale in a retail store. The most common use of the title is in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15983203", "chunk_text": "Cashier\nto know value and features of items for which money is received; may cash checks; may give cash refunds or issue credit memorandums to customers for returned merchandise; and may operate ticket-dispensing machines and the like. In one form or another, cashiers have been around for thousands of years. In many businesses, such as grocery stores, the cashier is a \"\"stepping stone\"\" position. Many employers require employees to be cashiers in order to move up to customer service or other positions. Cashiers are at risk of repetitive strain injuries due to the repeated movements often necessary to do the job,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9517308", "chunk_text": "\"Cashier's check\"\nof the check would deposit it in their account and withdraw funds under next-day availability, assuming it was legitimate. The bank might not be informed the check was fraudulent until, perhaps, weeks after the customer had withdrawn funds made available by the fraudulent deposit, by which time the customer would be legally liable for the cash already withdrawn. A customer asks a bank for a cashier's check, and the bank debits the amount from the customer's account immediately, and assumes the responsibility for covering the cashier's check. That is in contrast with a personal check, in which the bank does", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16917961", "chunk_text": "\"Cashier's check\"\nvictim is sent a cashier's check or money order for payment on an item for sale on the Internet. When the money order is taken to the bank it may not be detected as counterfeit for 10 business days or more, but the bank will deposit the money into the account and state that it has been \"\"verified\"\" or is \"\"clear\"\" in about 24 hours. This gives the victim a false feeling of security that the money order was real, so they proceed with the transaction. When the bank eventually discovers that the money order is counterfeit and reverses the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15983202", "chunk_text": "Cashier\nregister that the customer wishes to purchase at the retail store. The items are scanned by a barcode positioned on the item with the use of a laser scanner. After all of the goods have been scanned, the cashier then collects the payment (in cash, check and/or by credit/debit card) for the goods or services exchanged, records the amount received, makes change, and issues receipts or tickets to customers. Cashiers will record amounts received and may prepare reports of transactions, reads and record totals shown on cash register tape and verify against cash on hand. A cashier may be required", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7462995", "chunk_text": "\"Expedited Funds Availability Act\"\nor envelope. <nowiki>*</nowiki>\"\"Regulation CC defines a \"\"cashier's check\"\" as a check that is issued by a bank, drawn on that same bank, is a direct liability of the bank, and signed by one or more officers of that bank. Though the term \"\"teller's check\"\" is commonly used only by Federal credit unions, under Regulation CC any check \"\"drawn by the bank, and drawn on another bank or payable through or at a bank\"\" is a \"\"teller's check\"\" if issued \"\"for remittance purposes\"\". \"\"Official Checks\"\" or \"\"Bank Checks\"\" may not qualify as \"\"cashier's checks\"\" under Regulation CC, but they usually qualify", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1631988", "chunk_text": "Paycheck\ntell unbanked job applicants to sign up for a prepaid debit card instead of giving them a payroll card. But even very small businesses should still consider using a payroll card, even if it only has four or five unbanked workers. Because payroll card companies give a set of ready-to-use plastic cards to each small business customer, employers can enroll new unbanked workers into direct deposit as soon as they have been hired. In the United States, payroll cards are regulated by state wage-and-hour-laws and by a variety of federal laws including the Electronic Funds Transfer Act and the Consumer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4178312", "chunk_text": "Self-checkout\nSelf-checkout Self-checkout (also known as self-service checkout and as semi-attended customer-activated terminal, SACAT) machines provide a mechanism for customers to process their own purchases from a retailer. They are an alternative to the traditional cashier-staffed checkout. The customer performs the job of the cashier themselves, by scanning and applying payment for the items. As of 2013, there were 191,000 self-checkout units worldwide, and the number was estimated to reach 325,000 units by 2019. The machines were invented by David R. Humble. In self-checkout systems, the customer is required to: Payment by various methods may be accepted by the machines: card", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3619193", "chunk_text": "\"Cashier as a service\"\nCashier as a service Cashier as a service (CaaS) refers to using a third party service as payment. When a shopper buys merchandise online, oftentimes, the shopper does not pay the merchant directly, but rather through a third party – the cashier. The cashier is trusted by both the shopper and the merchant and is expected to allow for reliable and secure transfer of money. By paying a merchant through a cashier, shoppers are able to pay for merchandise without giving away their financial information to the merchants. When using CaaS, shopping online involves three parties – the shopper, merchant,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15168849", "chunk_text": "Cheque\nwere developed to address specific needs or address issues when using a regular cheque. Cashier's cheques and banker's drafts, also known as bank cheques, banker's cheques or treasurer's cheques, are cheques issued against the funds of a financial institution rather than an individual account holder. Typically, the term \"\"cashier's check\"\" is used in the US and \"\"banker's draft\"\" is used in the UK and most of the Commonwealth. The mechanism differs slightly from country to country but in general the bank issuing the cheque or draft will allocate the funds at the point the cheque is drawn. This provides a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1631983", "chunk_text": "Paycheck\nPaycheck A paycheck, also spelled pay check or pay cheque, is traditionally a paper document (a cheque) issued by an employer to pay an employee for services rendered. In recent times, the physical paycheck has been increasingly replaced by electronic direct deposits to the employee's designated bank account or loaded onto a payroll card. Employees may still receive a pay slip to detail the calculations of the final payment amount. A payslip, pay stub, paystub, pay advice, or sometimes paycheck stub, is a document an employee receives either as a notice that the direct deposit transaction has gone through, or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "902248", "chunk_text": "\"Cash register\"\nthe self-checkout, or by means of a \"\"store login\"\" which the operator has to enter. Cash register A cash register, also referred to as a till in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries, is a mechanical or electronic device for registering and calculating transactions at a point of sale. It is usually attached to a drawer for storing cash and other valuables. The cash register is also usually attached to a printer, that can print out receipts for record keeping purposes. An early mechanical cash register was invented by James Ritty and John Birch following the American Civil War.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3619205", "chunk_text": "\"Cashier as a service\"\nbut do not contain any personal information. Moreover, attackers can hide their real IP address by using IP spoofing or other technologies to make his IP address untraceable. Cashier as a service Cashier as a service (CaaS) refers to using a third party service as payment. When a shopper buys merchandise online, oftentimes, the shopper does not pay the merchant directly, but rather through a third party – the cashier. The cashier is trusted by both the shopper and the merchant and is expected to allow for reliable and secure transfer of money. By paying a merchant through a cashier,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4381248", "chunk_text": "\"Cashier's check\"\nbank can be held responsible for accepting a bad cashier's check. In Canada, bank drafts do not carry any different legal weight as opposed to a standard check, but are provided as a service to clients as a payment instrument with guaranteed funds. Drafts (or money orders depending on the issuing institution) usually have better security features than standard checks, and as such are often preferred when the receiver is concerned about receiving fraudulent payment instruments. However, bank drafts can also be subject to counterfeiting, and as such can be held or verified by depositing institutions in accordance with their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17395039", "chunk_text": "\"Check Into Cash\"\nCheck Into Cash Check Into Cash is a financial services retailer with more than 1,100 stores in 30 states. The company was founded in 1993 by W. Allan Jones in Cleveland, Tennessee, where the headquarters are located today. The firm offers payday loans, online payday advances, title loans, bill payment services, check cashing, reloadable prepaid debit cards, and Western Union money transfers and money order services. Jones founded Check Into Cash in 1993. He has been referred to as \"\"the father of the payday lending industry\"\" for creating the first national payday lending chain. In 1973, at age 20, he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5255611", "chunk_text": "\"Cashier balancing\"\nCashier balancing Cashier balancing is a process usually conducted in businesses such as grocery stores, restaurants and banks that takes place at the closing of the business day or at the end of a cashier's shift. This balancing process makes the cashier responsible for the money in his or her cash register. In order to balance (or settle) the cash drawer, first, the manager (or sometimes the cashier) prepares to count the money in the register. Counting the money is usually done in the back office: the drawer is removed from the register and taken into the office. By preparing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18764876", "chunk_text": "\"Bank teller\"\nBank teller A bank teller (often abbreviated to simply teller) is an employee of a bank who deals directly with customers. In some places, this employee is known as a cashier or customer representative. Most teller jobs require experience with handling cash and a high school diploma. Most banks provide on-the-job training. Tellers are considered a \"\"front line\"\" in the banking business because they are the first people who a customer sees at the bank. Being front line staff they are most likely to detect and stop fraudulent transactions in order to prevent losses at a bank (counterfeit currency and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11640810", "chunk_text": "Cashier\nsuch as entering information on a keypad or moving product over a scanner. Included also is the physical strain of standing on one's feet for several hours in one spot. Because of this, many cashiers are only able to do a six-hour-long shift under different policies. A less-current meaning of the term referred to the employee of a business responsible for receiving and disbursing money. In a non-retail business, this would be a position of significant responsibility. With an ever-larger proportion of transactions being done using cash substitutes (such as checks, credit cards, and debit cards), the amount of cash", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16917959", "chunk_text": "\"Cashier's check\"\nhold funds policy, prior to providing access to the funds. The term money order is used non-uniformly in Canada, with some institutions offering both money orders and bank drafts depending on the amount, with others only offering one or the other for any amount. Generally, both bank drafts and money orders are treated the same in regards to guaranteed funds and hold policies. In many nations Money orders are a popular alternative to cashier's checks and are considered safer than personal bank checks. However, in the United States, they are generally not recognized as \"\"guaranteed funds\"\" under Reg CC and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5733371", "chunk_text": "\"Check kiting\"\ncheck – it may be dishonored. Another version of this scheme involves purchasing an item from a place of retail with a check, and returning it promptly for a cash refund, followed by depositing that cash into the transactional account. This is more difficult these days, as more places of retail will delay a refund on purchases made by check. Retail kiting is more common in suburban areas, where multiple supermarket chains exist within close proximity. While it is more difficult to detect and prosecute, it involves lesser amounts of cash than circular kiting, and therefore is a lower threat.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1631990", "chunk_text": "Paycheck\nare issued by government entities such as the military and state and county governments for payroll to individuals and for accounts payable to vendors. Deposited warrants are routed to a collecting bank which processes them as collection items like maturing treasury bills and presents the warrants to the government entity's treasury department for payment each business day. In the UK, warrants are issued as payment by National Savings and Investments when a premium bond is chosen. Paycheck A paycheck, also spelled pay check or pay cheque, is traditionally a paper document (a cheque) issued by an employer to pay an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "710564", "chunk_text": "Checkwriter\nMicrosoft Windows PC platform. Uses for \"\"CheckWriter\"\" software include bill payment acceptance by phone for insurance companies, hospitals, collections agencies, medical professionals, utilities, loan providers, telemarketers, and almost any other industry that needs to take check payments from customers. The company claims \"\"CheckWriter\"\" as their trademark since 1996 in the software industry, according to their publications, prosecution history, and public record. Checkwriter A checkwriter may refer to: A person who physically writes a check or cheque. The check writer is also known as the \"\"payor\"\", \"\"signer\"\", \"\"maker\"\", the drawer, or the \"\"account holder\"\". The signer or presenter of the check,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4693593", "chunk_text": "\"Cash register\"\narea. The bag is weighed, and the machine halts the checkout when the weight of something in the bag does not match the weight in the inventory database. Normally, an employee is watching over several such checkouts to prevent theft or exploitation of the machines' weaknesses (for example, intentional misidentification of expensive produce or dry goods). Payment on these machines is accepted by debit card/credit card, or cash via coin slot and bank note scanner. Store employees are also needed to authorize \"\"age-restricted\"\" purchases, such as alcohol, solvents or knives, which can either be done remotely by the employee observing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5255616", "chunk_text": "\"Cashier balancing\"\n($12.34) or -$12.34. Cashier balancing Cashier balancing is a process usually conducted in businesses such as grocery stores, restaurants and banks that takes place at the closing of the business day or at the end of a cashier's shift. This balancing process makes the cashier responsible for the money in his or her cash register. In order to balance (or settle) the cash drawer, first, the manager (or sometimes the cashier) prepares to count the money in the register. Counting the money is usually done in the back office: the drawer is removed from the register and taken into the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13975574", "chunk_text": "Cheque\nCheque A cheque, or check (American English; ]), is a document that orders a bank to pay a specific amount of money from a person's account to the person in whose name the cheque has been issued. The person writing the cheque, known as the \"\"drawer\"\", has a transaction banking account (often called a current, cheque, chequing or checking account) where their money is held. The drawer writes the various details including the monetary amount, date, and a payee on the cheque, and signs it, ordering their bank, known as the \"\"drawee\"\", to pay that person or company the amount", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4178325", "chunk_text": "Self-checkout\nworkers, some of whom have depended on such jobs for a living. An appeal court in California confirmed in September 2013 a bill banning sales of alcoholic beverages in self-service checkouts. The law requires alcohol only to be sold in face-to-face transactions with store clerks. Self-checkout Self-checkout (also known as self-service checkout and as semi-attended customer-activated terminal, SACAT) machines provide a mechanism for customers to process their own purchases from a retailer. They are an alternative to the traditional cashier-staffed checkout. The customer performs the job of the cashier themselves, by scanning and applying payment for the items. As of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11437868", "chunk_text": "\"Debit card cashback\"\nDebit card cashback Debit card cashback (also known as cash out in Australia and New Zealand) is a service offered to retail customers whereby an amount is added to the total purchase price of a transaction paid by debit card and the customer receives that amount in cash along with the purchase. Debit card cashback is offered either by various banks only to some card holders or by companies like VISA, Mastercard or American Express. For example, a customer purchasing $18.99 worth of goods at a supermarket might ask for twenty dollars cashback. They would pay a total of $38.99", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13078720", "chunk_text": "\"Advance-fee scam\"\nwithin major retailers such as Wal-Mart. The scammer sends the victim a forged or stolen check or money order as described above, the victim deposits it—banks will often credit an account with the value of a check not obviously false— and sends the money to the scammer via wire transfer. Later the check is not honoured and the bank debits the victim's account. Schemes based solely on check cashing usually offer only a small part of the check's total amount, with the assurance that many more checks will follow; if the victim buys into the scam and cashes all the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1631987", "chunk_text": "Paycheck\nemployee's draw to an amount specified by the company for a specified pay period. Some payroll card programs establish a separate account for each employee. Most payroll card accounts in the United States are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Before a company can give a payroll card to a worker, the business must first contract with a payroll card program manager. The payroll card company performs required \"\"know-your-customer\"\" due diligence as a condition of accepting the application. Some very small businesses may decide that the cost of establishing a new relationship is too time intensive. Small businesses sometimes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15168842", "chunk_text": "Cheque\nis usually done through an electronic cheque broker, such as The Clearing House, Viewpointe LLC or the Federal Reserve Banks. Copies of the cheques are stored at a bank or the broker, for periods up to 99 years, and this is why some cheque archives have grown to 20 petabytes. The access to these archives is now worldwide, as most bank programming is now done offshore. Many utilities and most credit cards will also allow customers to pay by providing bank information and having the payee draw payment from the customer's account (direct debit). Many people in the US still", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14703136", "chunk_text": "\"Payroll service bureau\"\njob easier. There are several ways a bureau can move money from the client to the people whom the client must pay. The simplest way is when a bureau prints checks on blank check stock, printing the client's account number in MICR digits at the bottom of the check, resulting in the funds being drawn directly from the client when the check is cashed. Other bureaus initiate automated clearing house (ACH) transactions from the client, and remit payment either electronically or in the form of paper checks against the bureau's holding account. Because finance transactions can be enormous (thousands to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19399175", "chunk_text": "\"Bank teller\"\nchecks, identity theft, confidence tricks, etc.). The position also requires tellers to be friendly and interact with the customers, providing them with information about customers' accounts and bank services. Tellers typically work from a station, usually located on a teller line. Most stations have a teller system, which includes cash drawers, receipt validator/printers, proof work sorters, and paperwork used for completing bank transactions. These transactions include: In the United States, tellers held approximately 608,000 jobs in 2006. Of these, 1 out of 4 worked part-time. Median annual earnings as of May 2006 were $22,140. Many well-known personalities have worked as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17230095", "chunk_text": "Checkwriter\nchecks, and they are also used by issuers of money orders such as the United States Postal Service. Newer versions are electronic, but many are still made by PayMaster. \"\"CheckWriter\"\" is business software used to accept payments from customers, patients, members or subscribers. Unlike a physical device, the software facilitates check draft demand draft technology, and Check 21 Act regulations to emulate the check writer. The software prints a physical draft of a customer's checks that a business can then deposit into any U.S. bank the same day. The software has been in circulation since 1996 and operates on a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5215315", "chunk_text": "\"Bank teller\"\nBank Tellers including: <br> Bank teller A bank teller (often abbreviated to simply teller) is an employee of a bank who deals directly with customers. In some places, this employee is known as a cashier or customer representative. Most teller jobs require experience with handling cash and a high school diploma. Most banks provide on-the-job training. Tellers are considered a \"\"front line\"\" in the banking business because they are the first people who a customer sees at the bank. Being front line staff they are most likely to detect and stop fraudulent transactions in order to prevent losses at a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4072762", "chunk_text": "\"ACE Cash Express\"\nACE Cash Express ACE Cash Express, Inc. is a financial services provider headquartered in Irving, Texas. ACE serves customers in 24 states and the District of Columbia both online and through a network of stores. Founded in 1968, ACE provides a range of retail financial products and services including short-term consumer loans, check cashing, debit card services, money transfers, bill payments and money orders. ACE Cash Express is one of the largest owners and operators of check cashing stores in the United States. ACE serves consumers seeking alternatives to traditional banking relationships by providing convenient, immediate access to financial services.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "376839", "chunk_text": "\"Remote deposit\"\nRemote deposit Remote deposit is the ability of a bank customer in the United States and Canada to deposit a check into a bank account from a remote location, such as an office or home, without having to physically deliver the check to the bank. This is typically accomplished by scanning a digital image of a check into a computer, then transmitting that image to the bank. The practice became legal in the United States in 2004 when the \"\"Check Clearing for the 21st Century Act\"\" (or Check 21 Act) took effect, though not all banks have implemented the system.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12360922", "chunk_text": "\"Transaction account\"\nwealth. These cashiers held the money for a fee. Competition drove cashiers to offer additional services, including paying out money to any person bearing a written order from a depositor to do so. They kept the note as proof of payment. This concept spread to other countries including England and its colonies in North America, where land owners in Boston in 1681 mortgaged their land to cashiers who provided an account against which they could write checks. In the 18th century in England, preprinted checks, serial numbers, and the word \"\"cheque\"\" appeared. By the late 18th century, the difficulty of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5429838", "chunk_text": "StopLift\nStopLift StopLift is a checkout vision system designed to prevent shoplifting and employee theft in retail businesses. StopLift, Inc., also known as StopLift Checkout Vision Systems, is the company which developed the system. StopLift, Inc. is headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts. StopLift is stated to be first such system capable of successfully detecting sweethearting between cashiers and customers. (\"\"Sweathearting\"\" is when cashiers pretend to scan or ring up some items for favored customers, usually family or friends, while actually not charging the customer.) Video surveillance of checkouts is common, but reviewing the resulting tapes manually is often prohibitively expensive. The new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5255613", "chunk_text": "\"Cashier balancing\"\nsafe or given to another cashier that is starting their shift. Now, the bills and change that were put off to the side get counted, along with the checks from the cashier's drawer. This is what makes up the cashier's sales deposit. Most cash registers can print up a sales slip and money tendering slip that tells how much money the cashier made in sales and how much money the cashier is accounted for. The manager refers to this slip when counting the cashier's sales money. If the money counted does not match what is on the balancing slip, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15168890", "chunk_text": "Cheque\nthe customer's credit report. Typically when customers pay bills with cheques (like gas or water bills), the mail will go to a \"\"lock box\"\" at the post office. There a bank will pick up all the mail, sort it, open it, take the cheques and remittance advice out, process it all through electronic machinery, and post the funds to the proper accounts. In modern systems, taking advantage of the Check 21 Act, as in the US, many cheques are transformed into electronic objects and the paper is destroyed. Cheque A cheque, or check (American English; ]), is a document that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4178313", "chunk_text": "Self-checkout\nvia EFTPOS, debit/credit cards, electronic food assistance cards, cash via coin slot and bank note scanner, and in-store gift cards where applicable. Most coupons also have barcodes and can be scanned the same way that items are scanned, although some require entry by a member of staff. The benefit to the retailer in providing self-checkout machines is in reduced labour costs: one attendant can often run four to six checkout lanes with the work of the cashier now being assumed by the customer. The size of a self-checkout machine is also smaller than a traditional checkout manned by a cashier;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_397	how many episodes in great british bake off 2017?	n/a	[ "10" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20317889", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off\"\nThe eighth series of \"\"The Great British Bake Off\"\" began airing on 29 August 2017. This is the first series of \"\"The Great British Bake Off\"\" to be broadcast on Channel 4 following its move from the BBC. The series features new hosts Noel Fielding and Sandi Toksvig, and new judge Prue Leith along with returning judge Paul Hollywood. This series was won by Sophie Faldo, with Kate Lyon and Steven Carter-Bailey finishing as runners-up. The eighth series is broadcast on Netflix as Collection 5. The ninth series of \"\"The Great British Bake Off\"\" began airing on 28 August 2018.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17108309", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off (series 8)\"\nThe Great British Bake Off (series 8) The eighth series of \"\"The Great British Bake Off\"\" began on 29 August 2017, with this being the first of \"\"The Great British Bake Off\"\" to be broadcast on Channel 4, after the production company Love Productions moved the show. It is the first series for new hosts Noel Fielding and Sandi Toksvig, and new judge Prue Leith. This series was won by Sophie Faldo, with Kate Lyon and Steven Carter-Bailey finishing as runners-up. Colour key: For the first challenge, the bakers were instructed to make a cake using fresh fruit, with no", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12569883", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off: An Extra Slice\"\nBritish Bake Off\"\" to Channel 4 in 2017. The after show was announced in July 2014. Comedian Jo Brand was later announced as the host of the series on 24 July 2014. The show returned for a second run, beginning on 7 August 2015, and for a third series on 24 August 2016. A fourth series began on 31 August 2017 on Channel 4. A fifth series began on 31 August 2018, moving to Friday evenings. Brand and three rotating panelists appear on each episode. The panelists are generally a chef or cooking expert, such as Michel Roux Jr. or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20709227", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off (series 8)\"\nChannel 4 +1. The Great British Bake Off (series 8) The eighth series of \"\"The Great British Bake Off\"\" began on 29 August 2017, with this being the first of \"\"The Great British Bake Off\"\" to be broadcast on Channel 4, after the production company Love Productions moved the show. It is the first series for new hosts Noel Fielding and Sandi Toksvig, and new judge Prue Leith. This series was won by Sophie Faldo, with Kate Lyon and Steven Carter-Bailey finishing as runners-up. Colour key: For the first challenge, the bakers were instructed to make a cake using fresh", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20317899", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off\"\nthe show, topped by the final episode with 15.05 million viewers. In the last series on the BBC in 2016, nine of the top ten most-watched programmes of the year were episodes of the show, with 16.03 million viewers watching the finale. The first series broadcast by Channel 4 opened with average viewing figures of 5.8 million, rising to 6.5 million to include those watching on Channel 4+1, and 9.46 million for the 7-day rating. Although the overnight figure was the lowest for an opening episode since 2013, it was Channel 4's biggest audience since the Opening Ceremony of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20317909", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off\"\n2017. After the show moved to Channel 4, PBS purchased the BBC's third series, broadcasting it as Season 5 instead of licensing the eighth series from Channel 4. As of 2018, PBS has the rights to air the second BBC series as Season 6 in 2019, and has chosen to not license the Channel 4 series. The CBC began broadcasting \"\"The Great British Bake Off\"\" in Canada in August 2016, starting with the sixth series and also with the \"\"Great British Baking Show\"\" title. The seventh series aired the year after. In 2018, the Channel 4 Series 8 was made", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20317906", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off\"\noutbidding the £15 million offered by the BBC. In January 2017 the BBC waived its rights to keep the program off the air until 2018, and wished the programme \"\"well for the future\"\". On 31 October 2017, judge Prue Leith accidentally revealed the winner of Series 8 on Twitter twelve hours before the finale was due to air. This caused uproar among many fans of the show. She quickly deleted the tweet and apologised to the fans who saw it. \"\"The Great British Bake Off\"\" was nominated for a Rose d'Or in the Lifestyle section of the 2012 competition and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20317880", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off\"\nSeptember 2016, Love agreed to a three-year deal to broadcast the show on Channel 4. Giedroyc and Perkins subsequently announced that they would not be returning when the show moves to its new network. On 22 September, Berry announced that she would also be leaving the show when it moved to Channel 4, while Hollywood later announced he would stay. In March 2017, it was announced that Prue Leith would join Hollywood as a judge, while Noel Fielding and Sandi Toksvig would take over as presenters. The programme operates on a weekly elimination process to find the best all-around baker", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20317888", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off\"\nseries was won by Nadiya Hussain, with Ian Cumming and Tamal Ray as runners up. In the U.S., the sixth series was broadcast as season 3 on PBS, and on Netflix as Collection 3. The seventh series began on 24 August 2016 on BBC One, once again from Welford Park in Berkshire, a later than usual start following the BBC's coverage of the Olympic Games. This series was won by Candice Brown, with Jane Beedle and Andrew Smyth as runners up. In the U.S., the seventh series was broadcast as season 4 on PBS, and on Netflix as Collection 4.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16411843", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off (series 7)\"\nThe Great British Bake Off (series 7) The seventh series of \"\"The Great British Bake Off\"\" aired from 24 August 2016, with twelve contestants competing to be crowned the series 7 winner. This series was the last to be broadcast on BBC One, as the production company Love Productions opted to move the show to Channel 4. It was also the last series on the show for Sue Perkins and Mel Giedroyc, as they decided to leave as presenters of the show. It is also the last series of the show to feature Mary Berry as a judge. This series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3038412", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off (series 9)\"\nfinal of 7.7 million and the lowest since 2012. The ratings below are cumulative figures over longer periods, and they include multiple-screen viewing figures (on TV, computer, tablet and smartphone), the first year this system was implemented, and the figures are therefore slightly higher than it would have been without the multiple-screen viewing figures. The Great British Bake Off (series 9) The ninth series of \"\"The Great British Bake Off\"\" began on 28 August 2018, with this being the second series to be broadcast on Channel 4. The series is presented by Noel Fielding and Sandi Toksvig, with judges Paul", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3038400", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off (series 9)\"\nThe Great British Bake Off (series 9) The ninth series of \"\"The Great British Bake Off\"\" began on 28 August 2018, with this being the second series to be broadcast on Channel 4. The series is presented by Noel Fielding and Sandi Toksvig, with judges Paul Hollywood and Prue Leith. The series was won by Rahul Mandal, with Kim-Joy Hewlett and Ruby Bhogal as the runners-up. Colour key: Breaking with tradition, this year the series kicked off with Biscuits week. For the first challenge of the series, the bakers were tasked to bake 24 regional biscuits that needed to be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20709226", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off (series 8)\"\nthe tweet and apologised to the fans who saw the tweet. The first episode to be broadcast on Channel 4 received an overnight viewing figure of 6.5 million, which is the channel's highest viewing figure since the opening ceremony for the 2012 Paralympics, but down from the 10 million obtained in the previous series on BBC One. The overnight viewing figure for the final was 7.7 million (8.9 million at its peak), lower than the 14 million for the equivalent episode on BBC One in 2016. Official episode viewing figures are from BARB. Figures are total counts including HD and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16411856", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off (series 7)\"\nof 2016 so far, with the official figure also making it the most watched TV show since the 2015 Bake Off Final. Its run on the BBC ended with an average overnight viewing figure of 14 million for the final, peaking at 14.8 million, which is a record for the show. The series dominated the list of most-watched programmes in 2016, with nine of the top ten being episodes of the show. Its finale was watched by 15.9 million viewers (7 days cumulative figure), the most popular of the year. Official episode viewing figures are from BARB. The Great British", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20317875", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off\"\nmove it to BBC One for the next three series. After its seventh series, Love Productions signed a three-year deal with Channel 4 to produce the show for the broadcaster. The programme was originally presented by Sue Perkins and Mel Giedroyc, with judges Mary Berry and Paul Hollywood. The current presenters are Noel Fielding and Sandi Toksvig, with Hollywood and Prue Leith as the judges. In chronological order, the winners are Edd Kimber, Joanne Wheatley, John Whaite, Frances Quinn, Nancy Birtwhistle, Nadiya Hussain, Candice Brown, Sophie Faldo and Rahul Mandal. The show has become a significant part of British culture", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20317890", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off\"\nOn 30 October 2018, Sheffield University researcher Rahul Mandal, from India, was announced as the winner of \"\"The Great British Bake Off\"\" 2018. The runners-up were Ruby Bhogal and Kim-Joy Hewlett. The ninth series is broadcast on Netflix as Collection 6. Periodically, accidents and other errors have influenced the results of a round of judging. Several have had a significant impact on what a baker presents, notably: The early reviews for the first series were mixed. Lucy Mangan of \"\"The Guardian\"\" wondered if \"\"competitive baking [is] a contradiction in terms\"\" and found the proceedings humourless. Iain Hollingshead of \"\"The Daily", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5265243", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off (series 8)\"\nconcentric rings, topped with a star. For the final showstopper challenge, the bakers were required to make a magical ice cake with elaborate sugar work that create a scene of winter wonderland. Liam Charles was chosen as a co-presenter for the revamped professional version of \"\"Great British Bake Off\"\", \"\"\"\". Liam has also Written a cookbook called Cake Boy: The Kitchen Diaries. https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/38086856-cake-boy On 31 October 2017, judge Prue Leith accidentally revealed the winner of the series on Twitter twelve hours before the finale was due to air. This caused uproar among many fans of the show. She quickly deleted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3038411", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off (series 9)\"\nthe production team. As a result, he was given an extra 15 minutes for the challenge. The two holiday specials will each feature four returning contestants from the series 5–8. The Great Christmas Bake Off will feature Liam Charles (Series 8), Flo Atkins (Series 8), Andrew Smyth (Series 7) and Jane Beedle (Series 7). The Great New Year's Bake Off will feature the return of champion Candice Brown (Series 7), Steven Carter-Bailey (Series 8), Tamal Ray (Series 6) and Kate Henry (Series 5). The final was watched by an overnight viewing audience figure of 7.5 million, down from the previous", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16411852", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off (series 7)\"\ninvolved the largest number of bakes ever requested in a challenge. The bakers were given five hours to make a picnic fit for the Queen, including one chocolate celebration cake, 12 sausage rolls, 12 mini quiches, 12 savoury scones and 12 fruit and custard tarts. The Masterclass episodes were replaced by two Christmas specials, which featured eight contestants from the series 2–5. The two Christmas specials were the last to be aired on BBC before the channel move, and thus featured the last appearances of hosts Mel Giedroyc and Sue Perkins and judge Mary Berry. Judge Paul Hollywood would then", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9619064", "chunk_text": "\"The Big Family Cooking Showdown\"\nThe Big Family Cooking Showdown The Big Family Cooking Showdown, often referred to as simply \"\"Cooking Showdown\"\" or \"\"BFCS\"\", is a BBC team cooking competition. The first series was hosted by \"\"Great British Bake Off\"\" winner Nadiya Hussain and Zoë Ball. Each week, two teams of three family members compete in three challenges, judged by Michelin star chef Giorgio Locatelli and cookery teacher Rosemary Shrager. The winners in each of eight heats will move on to a series of further competitions, until a winner is selected. \"\"The Big Family Cooking Showdown\"\" premiered on BBC Two on Tuesday, 15 August 2017,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20317886", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off\"\nwith Ruby Tandoh and Kimberley Wilson as runners up. In the U.S., the fourth series was broadcast as season 2 on PBS, and on Netflix as Collection 2. The fifth series of \"\"The Great British Bake Off\"\" began airing on 6 August 2014 on BBC One. This series was filmed at Welford Park in Berkshire. There were twelve bakers taking part. Mary Berry and Paul Hollywood returned as judges, whilst Sue Perkins and Mel Giedroyc continued to present the series. Richard Burr was awarded the largest number of star baker designations of any series so far, but was beaten by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16744790", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off (series 6)\"\nHe presented a television show on health on Channel 4 titled \"\"Be Your Own Doctor\"\". Flora Shedden studied for a year at Edinburgh University, but deferred on a course on art history at St Andrews University for a year to concentrate on writing a cookbook, \"\"Gatherings\"\", to be published on January 2017. She wrote a column on baking for \"\"The Scotsman\"\". According to the overnight ratings, the opening episode of the series 6 of \"\"Bake Off\"\" was watched by 9.3 million viewers, a rise of over 2 million from the previous year. The final was watched by an overnight audience", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6785845", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off (series 4)\"\nfor S4C starting 11 September 2014. Glenn Cosby left teaching and launched his own touring stage show \"\"Bake it Big\"\". Ali Imdad has set up a bakery business and become a full-time baker. The show achieved some of the highest ratings seen on BBC Two. According to overnight data, the final episode was seen by 9.1 million viewers at its peak, and averaging over 8 million, more than twice the number of viewers on BBC One and ITV. This episode is the highest-rated show ever on BBC2 under the ratings system first introduced in 2002, beating the previous record set", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12517368", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off (series 5)\"\nis a charity ambassador for Tearfund. The series started with its highest ratings for its opening episode after its move to BBC One, with over 7 million tuning in according to overnight figures. This is adjusted to 8.5 million for its 7-day final viewing figure, making this its second most-watched episode after previous year's final. In the fourth episode, 8.1 million watched the original broadcast, but the \"\"bingate\"\" controversy gained the show a further 2 million viewers on the BBC iPlayer catch-up service, giving the show the biggest ever audience with 10.248 million viewers for the episode. The final of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20317874", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off\"\nThe Great British Bake Off The Great British Bake Off (also called Bake Off or GBBO) is a British television baking competition, produced by Love Productions, in which a group of amateur bakers compete against each other in a series of rounds, attempting to impress a group of judges with their baking skills, with a contestant being eliminated in each round, with the winner being selected from the contestants who reach the finals. The show's first episode was aired on 17 August 2010, with its first four series broadcast on BBC Two, until its growing popularity led the BBC to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20317879", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off\"\nfête, the series is filmed in bunting-draped marquees in scenic gardens. On 17 August 2010, the first episode of \"\"The Great British Bake Off\"\" was shown on BBC Two. It stayed on BBC Two for four years, grew in popularity and became the most popular programme on that channel. In its fifth series it was moved to BBC One where it stayed for three years. It was the most-watched programme on British television in 2015 and 2016. Following extended negotiations, Love Productions announced that the seventh series of the show would be the last broadcast by the BBC. On 12", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8122321", "chunk_text": "\"The Big Family Cooking Showdown\"\nthen moved to Thursday evenings on 31 August to avoid a scheduling conflict with \"\"The Great British Bake Off\"\" on Channel 4.The second series will begin soon, without Nadiya Hussain. On 9 May 2018, the BBC announced that the show would return for a second series of 14 episodes airing in a new slot of 7pm. Presenter and \"\"Celebrity MasterChef\"\" winner Angellica Bell will join Michelin star head chef Tommy Banks to co-host and judge the series. Each team consists of three family members. Each heat features two teams, while each semi-final and the final feature three teams. The \"\"Cooking", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "740159", "chunk_text": "\"The Great Australian Bake Off\"\nbegan in May 2017. It premiered on 18 January 2018, and moved from Lifestyle Food to the main LifeStyle channel. The three finalists were Claudia Anton, Barb Dunn & Dave Yan. On 22 March 2018, Claudia was crowned the best amateur baker. The Great Australian Bake Off The Great Australian Bake Off is an Australian television baking series that is based on the BBC baking competition \"\"The Great British Bake Off.\"\" The series first premiered on 9 July 2013 on the Nine Network and ran for one season with presenters Shane Jacobson and Anna Gare and judges Dan Lepard and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8012362", "chunk_text": "\"Sophie Faldo\"\nBake Off\"\". Faldo won the competition, but her victory was not a surprise one, as twelve hours before the final episode, judge Prue Leith accidentally tweeted the results. Sophie Faldo Sophie Faldo is a former British Army officer who was the winner of the eighth series of \"\"The Great British Bake Off\"\" in 2017, the first series to be broadcast on Channel 4. Faldo was born in London, and grew up in Suffolk. She studied psychology at the University of Manchester and Toulouse. She joined the Royal Artillery and has served in Afghanistan. After leaving the Army, she worked as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12569882", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off: An Extra Slice\"\nThe Great British Bake Off: An Extra Slice The Great British Bake Off: An Extra Slice (sometimes shortened to An Extra Slice) is a British television after-show to follow the series \"\"The Great British Bake Off\"\". Hosted by Jo Brand, the show features three celebrity panelist to discus the after-events of the week. Originally,the show began airing on BBC Two on 8th August 2014 two days after the premiere episode of the fifth series of the main show, and is filmed at The London Studios. In April 2017, it was announced that the series and Brand would follow \"\"The Great", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12517369", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off (series 5)\"\nthe show gained an overnight viewing figure of 12.29 million, and a consolidated average figure of 13.5 million, the highest viewing figure for a non-sporting event of the year on UK TV, after 2014 FIFA World Cup's England vs Uruguay match. Series 5 had an average of viewing figure of 10.1 million. Official episode viewing figures are from BARB. The Great British Bake Off (series 5) The fifth series of \"\"The Great British Bake Off\"\" began on Wednesday 6 August 2014. Mel Giedroyc and Sue Perkins presented the show and Mary Berry and Paul Hollywood returned as judges. Twelve contestants", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8012361", "chunk_text": "\"Sophie Faldo\"\nSophie Faldo Sophie Faldo is a former British Army officer who was the winner of the eighth series of \"\"The Great British Bake Off\"\" in 2017, the first series to be broadcast on Channel 4. Faldo was born in London, and grew up in Suffolk. She studied psychology at the University of Manchester and Toulouse. She joined the Royal Artillery and has served in Afghanistan. After leaving the Army, she worked as a personal trainer, taught military boot camps, and was training to be a stuntwoman when she was convinced by her chef boyfriend to apply for \"\"The Great British", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10257548", "chunk_text": "\"Not Going Out\"\nall in the security room and Lee had a showdown with the armed robber, the episode ended with Lucy giving birth to the couple's first child. On 24 August 2016, it was confirmed that there would be an eighth series in 2017. It is set seven years after the events of the 2015 Christmas special and shows how Lee and Lucy cope being parents to three young children. The series began airing on 13 January 2017, and ended on 3 March 2017. \"\"Not Going Out\"\" reached its highest ever audience in the opening episode, with a total of 5.52 million", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13249159", "chunk_text": "\"Matilda Ramsay\"\nat the younger audience, stars all the members of the Ramsay family as they go on their summer holidays. The first series was aired on 14 April 2015, with the second series airing 6 May 2016 and the third and current series airing on 5 May 2017. Each series is made up of 15 episodes. Ramsay grew up in London, but splits her time between the UK and California for her father's television career. She has been a keen cook since she was young. Her sister, Megan Ramsay ran the London Marathon in 2017 in memory of her baby brother,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20317892", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off\"\nTom Sutcliffe of \"\"The Independent\"\" considered the contest \"\"perfectly baked\"\". \"\"Bake Off\"\" was moved to Channel 4 in 2017, and reviews of the programme on the channel were largely positive, although a few felt that it did not compare well to the BBC version. Mark Lawson of \"\"The Guardian\"\" described the programme on Channel 4 as \"\"both exactly the same but also just subtly different enough\"\", and that \"\"only someone desperate to dislike the re-plated show could argued that [it] has soured, spoiled or binned its recipe\"\". Michael Hogan of \"\"The Telegraph\"\" thought that \"\"Mary, Mel and Sue might be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20317896", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off\"\nepisode it had averaged 4.56 million viewers, peaking at 5.1 million in its last 15 minutes. The ratings continued to strengthen in the third series, and the show began to beat its competition in its timeslot. The final of the series where John Whaite was crowned the winner saw its highest rating yet, with an average of 6.5 million viewers that peaked at 7.2 million, which made it the second highest-rated BBC Two-originated show after \"\"Top Gear\"\" since at least 2006. The fourth series achieved some of the highest ratings seen on BBC Two. The viewer count for its premiere", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9421641", "chunk_text": "\"The Knock\"\nbeen released on DVD, and although repeats have been very few and far between, the series was repeated in full from 13–20 June 2016, on ITV3. This Series was rebroadcast on ITV3 on 21 February 2017, 22 February 2017, 23 February 2017, 24 February 2017, 28 February 2017 and 1 March 2017. The fifth series consists of four episodes, and was broadcast from 21 October to 11 November 2000. This series saw a major overhaul in both the production team and cast; with Caroline Lee-Johnson, Steve Toussaint and Daniel Brown the only three cast members to return. The format of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20317881", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off\"\nfrom the contestants, who are all amateurs. The applicants to the show are assessed by a researcher, followed by an audition in London with two of their bakes. They then undergo a screen test and an interview with a producer. A second audition involves the applicants baking two recipes for the judges in front of the cameras. Ten contestants were chosen for the first series, twelve for the following two series, thirteen for the fourth, and back to twelve from series five onwards. In each episode, the amateur bakers are given three challenges: a signature bake, a technical challenge, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20317887", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off\"\nNancy Birtwhistle in the final. A spin-off show \"\"\"\", hosted by comedian Jo Brand on BBC Two, was also launched as a companion series this year. Each episode was broadcast two days after the main show but later moved to the same night. The show includes interviews with eliminated contestants. In the U.S., the fifth series was broadcast as season 1 on PBS, and on Netflix as Collection 1. The sixth series began on 5 August 2015 on BBC One, again from Welford Park in Berkshire. Spin-off show \"\"\"\" returned for a second series, with Jo Brand as host. This", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14249889", "chunk_text": "\"The Great American Baking Show (season 3)\"\nThe Great American Baking Show (season 3) The third season of \"\"The Great American Baking Show\"\" aired on December 7, 2017 with a two-hour premiere on ABC. The first two episodes aired back-to-back as part of ABC's 25 Days of Christmas lineup before being pulled by ABC on December 13, 2017 following sexual misconduct allegations against judge Johnny Iuzzini. This is the first season for new hosts Ayesha Curry and Anthony \"\"Spice\"\" Adams along with \"\"The Great British Bake Off\"\" judge, Paul Hollywood, who joined judge Johnny Iuzzini. Season two baker, Antoinette Love, who withdrew from the competition following her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "591713", "chunk_text": "\"Spring Baking Championship\"\nThe third season premiered on March 12, 2017, with Jesse Palmer replacing Deen as host. The fourth season premiered on March 12, 2018, with Ali Khan replacing Palmer as host. The series follows the same format with two rounds in each episode. The first round is the \"\"Preliminary Heat\"\" where the contestants must bake something centered around a specific theme (it's often a dessert but occasionally they'll have to make something savory in addition to a dessert). The person who wins the first round gets an advantage going into the next round and aren't told about it until the second", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7487526", "chunk_text": "\"The Apprentice (UK TV series)\"\nkickstart a nationwide bakery business called Ridiculously Rich. Like the previous series, the thirteenth series of the show was broadcast in Late Autumn 2017, though this was made purely done due to the scheduling that had been done in the past to avoid major sporting and political events being held in the UK. The series began on 4 October 2017, and was won by both James White and Sarah Lynn, making it the first time in the show's history where two finalists were joint-winners. The fourteenth series of the show took place in late Autumn, though involved 16 candidates unlike", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15257907", "chunk_text": "\"The Great Canadian Baking Show\"\nThe Great Canadian Baking Show The Great Canadian Baking Show is a Canadian cooking competition television series which premiered on CBC Television on November 1, 2017. The show is hosted by Dan Levy and Julia Chan with French chef Bruno Feldeisen and Canadian-Australian pastry chef Rochelle Adonis as judges. It is an adaptation of the U.K. series \"\"The Great British Bake Off\"\", which is aired in Canada under the title \"\"The Great British Baking Show\"\". The show brings ten amateur baking contestants together in a bake-off competition of \"\"themed culinary challenges\"\" to find a best, over-all competitor. Each episode features", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20317894", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off\"\nreviving the Women's Institute, whose membership reached its highest level since the 1970s. The show also boosted the sales of bakery books and the number of baking clubs, and independent bakeries also showed an increase. According to one analyst, more than three-fifths of adults have baked at home at least once in 2013 compared with only a third in 2011. The first series of \"\"The Great British Bake Off\"\" premiered in August 2010 with moderate ratings of just over 2 million viewers for its first episode. This was enough to place it in BBC Two's top ten for that week,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20404445", "chunk_text": "\"The Only Way Is Essex\"\nalso made a brief return during this episode. This was the first series to include new cast members Amber Turner, Myles Barnett, Yazmin Oukhellou, Jack Rigden, Jordan Brook and Jade Lewis. This was the final series to include cast members Ben Shenel and Ercan Ramadan, as well as Kate Wright who announced her departure ahead of the final episode. The twenty-first series began on 10 September 2017 with the cast heading to Marbella, and concluded after seventeen episodes on 5 November 2017, making it the second longest series to date after it was confirmed that the lengths of each series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20317910", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off\"\navailable in the United States on Netflix as \"\"Collection 5\"\" and a \"\"Netflix original production\"\" alongside the four series previously broadcast on PBS. In addition, Netflix added \"\"The Great British Baking Show: The Beginnings\"\" which features the British series 3. Current and upcoming versions include: Legend: Episode viewing figures from BARB. The Great British Bake Off The Great British Bake Off (also called Bake Off or GBBO) is a British television baking competition, produced by Love Productions, in which a group of amateur bakers compete against each other in a series of rounds, attempting to impress a group of judges", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20317882", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off\"\na show-stopper. The three challenges take place over two days, and the filming takes up to 16 hours a day. The contestants are assessed by the judges who then choose a \"\"Star Baker\"\" for the week (introduced in series 2), and a contestant is also eliminated. In the final round, three bakers are left and a winner is chosen from the three. In the first series, the location of the cast and crew moves from town to town each week, but starting from the second series, the competition is held in one location in a specially constructed marquee. Interspersed in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20317895", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off\"\nand over the series the audience grew to over three million, with the semi-final and final both achieving first place in BBC Two's weekly ratings. During the second series, the ratings gradually increased, and it became a surprise hit with nearly 4 million watching each episode. Week two was the last time that the show was out-rated by another BBC Two programme in the same week (it came second to the drama \"\"Page Eight\"\"); from then until the show's move to BBC One, every competition episode would be the channel's number one rated programme of the week. By its final", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20317898", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off\"\nthe figure of 5.6 million for the opening episode of the previous year. the Bingate controversy surrounding episode four helped the show gain its biggest ever audience of 10.3 million viewers, with 2 million people who watched it on BBC iPlayer. The final of the show gained an overnight viewing figure of 12.29 million, then the highest viewing figure of the year for a non-sporting event on UK TV. In the following year, the top ten ratings for 2015 was also dominated by \"\"The Great British Bake Off\"\", with seven of the year's ten most-watched television programmes being episodes of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20317907", "chunk_text": "\"The Great British Bake Off\"\nwon. The programme has been nominated a number of times in various categories for the BAFTA awards and won in 2012, 2013, and 2016. It also won two 2015 National Television Award for Skills Challenge Show. The UK version of \"\"The Great British Bake Off\"\" is broadcast in many countries and it has been sold to 196 territories as of 2015. The format has also been sold to 20 territories by 2015, making it the third most successful BBC format after \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" (\"\"Strictly Come Dancing\"\") and \"\"The Weakest Link\"\". Many of these shows have been successful. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_398	who played guitar on my guitar gently weeps?	n/a	[ "Eric Clapton", "George Harrison" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10752968", "chunk_text": "\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\nWhile My Guitar Gently Weeps \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1968 double album \"\"The Beatles\"\" (also known as \"\"the White Album\"\"). It was written by George Harrison, the band's lead guitarist. The song serves as a comment on the disharmony within the Beatles following their return from studying Transcendental Meditation in India in early 1968. This lack of camaraderie was reflected in the band's initial apathy towards the composition, which Harrison countered by inviting his friend and occasional collaborator, Eric Clapton, to contribute to the recording. Clapton overdubbed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6492266", "chunk_text": "\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\nof the song on his 2003 album \"\"Now\"\". In 2004, when Harrison was inducted posthumously into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a solo artist, \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\" was played in tribute by a large band that included Tom Petty, Lynne, Steve Winwood, Mann, Dhani Harrison and Steve Ferrone. The performance concluded with an extended guitar solo by Prince, who was also being inducted into the Hall of Fame. Among other cover versions, the song has also been recorded by guitarists such as Marc Ribot, Phish and Charlie Byrd, and on ukulele by Jake Shimabukuro. Toto", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13207442", "chunk_text": "\"The Heart Gently Weeps\"\nThe Heart Gently Weeps \"\"The Heart Gently Weeps\"\" is the first single from the 2007 album \"\"8 Diagrams\"\" by the Wu-Tang Clan. The song features a sample of The Beatles' song \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\". It features guest appearances from three other musicians: R&B singer Erykah Badu sings the song's chorus; Dhani Harrison, son of Beatles member George Harrison, plays acoustic guitar; and John Frusciante of the Red Hot Chili Peppers is featured on lead guitar. This song was made using a cover version of the George Harrison song played by the blues guitarist Jimmy Ponder. Out of respect", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18089581", "chunk_text": "\"The Beatles (album)\"\nMellotron's standard tape library. \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\" was written by Harrison during a visit he made to his parents' home in Cheshire. He first recorded the song as a solo performance, on acoustic guitar, on 25 July – a version that remained unreleased until \"\"Anthology 3\"\". He was unhappy with the group's first attempt to record the track, and so invited his friend Eric Clapton to come and play on it. Clapton was unsure about guesting on a Beatles record, but Harrison said the decision was \"\"nothing to do with them. It's my song.\"\" Clapton's solo was treated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6492262", "chunk_text": "\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\nincluded on Harrison's 1992 double album \"\"Live in Japan\"\". Harrison also featured the song in the set list for his only other tour as a solo artist, a series of North American concerts over November–December 1974 with Ravi Shankar. Harrison shared the lead guitarist's role with Robben Ford, often extending the piece to eight minutes. While it was a popular inclusion in a set list that barely acknowledged Harrison's past as a former Beatle, his alteration of some of the lyrics – so that his guitar \"\"gently smiles\"\" and \"\"tries to smile\"\" – disappointed many concert-goers and reviewers. Author Simon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16285262", "chunk_text": "\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\n1971 and \"\"Live in Japan\"\" in 1992. Backed by a band that included McCartney and Ringo Starr, Clapton performed the song at the Concert for George in November 2002, a year after Harrison's death. George Harrison wrote \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\" after his return from India, where the Beatles had been studying Transcendental Meditation under Maharishi Mahesh Yogi during the spring of 1968. The visit had allowed Harrison to re-engage with the guitar as his primary instrument, after focusing on the Indian sitar for the previous two years, and also marked the start of a prolific period for him", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13662624", "chunk_text": "\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\nafter this initial writing session. The song reflects the disharmonious atmosphere within the Beatles following their return from India. Harrison had led the band in their highly publicised endorsement of Transcendental Meditation and viewed this spiritual pursuit as superior in importance to their career momentum. When discussing another song he wrote at this time, \"\"Not Guilty\"\", Harrison said it referred to \"\"the grief I was catching\"\" from John Lennon and Paul McCartney for leading them to Rishikesh and supposedly hindering the group's career and the launch of their Apple record label. Eric Clapton, with whom Harrison collaborated on several recordings", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10752982", "chunk_text": "\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\nsong. On 6 September, during a ride from Surrey into London, Harrison asked Clapton to play guitar on the track. Clapton, who recognised Harrison's talent as a songwriter, and considered that his abilities had long been held back by Lennon and McCartney, was nevertheless reluctant to participate; he later recalled that his initial response was: \"\"I can't do that. Nobody ever plays on Beatles records.\"\" Harrison convinced him, and Clapton's lead guitar part, played on Harrison's Gibson Les Paul electric guitar \"\"Lucy\"\" (a recent gift from Clapton), was overdubbed that evening. Recalling the session in his 2007 autobiography, Clapton says", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14870406", "chunk_text": "\"George Harrison\"\nthe Sun\"\" and \"\"Something\"\", as \"\"exquisite\"\", declaring them equal to any previous Beatles songs. From 1968 onwards, Harrison collaborated with other musicians; he brought in Eric Clapton to play lead guitar on \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\" for the 1968 Beatles' White Album, and collaborated with John Barham on his 1968 debut solo album, \"\"Wonderwall Music\"\", which included contributions from Clapton again, as well as Peter Tork from the Monkees. He played on tracks by Dave Mason, Nicky Hopkins, Alvin Lee, Ronnie Wood, Billy Preston and Tom Scott. Harrison co-wrote songs and music with Dylan, Clapton, Preston, Doris Troy, David", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10141849", "chunk_text": "\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\ncontained \"\"perhaps the most expressive\"\" playing of all those versions. American musician Todd Rundgren covered \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\" for the 2003 album \"\"\"\". Rundgren said of his contribution to the multi-artist tribute: \"\"[Before the Beatles], I'd never heard the term 'lead guitarist.' George created the job description for my first paying gig, the vocation that I'm still lucky enough to practice today …\"\" Johnny Loftus of AllMusic views the recording as one of the collection's highlights, saying that Rundgren \"\"effortlessly replicates the grandeur\"\" of the Beatles' track. As his personal tribute to Harrison, Peter Frampton released a version", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6492263", "chunk_text": "\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\nLeng comments that on Harrison's return to Madison Square Garden towards the end of the tour, his playing on the song nevertheless received a standing ovation. Canadian guitarist Jeff Healey covered \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\" on his 1990 album \"\"Hell to Pay\"\". Harrison participated in the recording, contributing on acoustic guitar and backing vocals. Also issued as a single, Healey's version peaked at number 27 in Canada, number 85 in the UK and number 25 in New Zealand. During the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II concert at Buckingham Palace Garden on 3 June 2002, McCartney performed the song with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10141844", "chunk_text": "\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\nGuitar Gently Weeps\"\" at every one of his comparatively rare concerts as a solo artist. Writing for \"\"Mojo\"\" in 2003, Ashley Kahn attributed the track's \"\"classic\"\" status to its evocation of \"\"a band falling out of harmony\"\" and, with regard to the enduring musical bond between Harrison and Clapton, its standing as \"\"\"\"their\"\" song\"\". At Harrison's Concert for Bangladesh, held at Madison Square Garden in New York on 1 August 1971, Clapton performed the song on a Gibson Byrdland, a hollow-body guitar more suited to jazz or country music than rock. He later said that this was a poor decision", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13662637", "chunk_text": "\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\nof his new romantic partner, Yoko Ono. In this atmosphere, Harrison had initially been reluctant to present his new compositions to the group. Take 1 on 25 July – the version later issued on \"\"Anthology 3\"\" – was a solo performance by Harrison, playing his Gibson J-200 acoustic guitar, with an overdubbed harmonium part. Sessions on 16 August and 5 September produced full band recordings of the song. In the case of the 16 August version, an overdubbing session on 3 September marked the first time that the Beatles had used eight-track recording at EMI Studios. At the same session,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3188598", "chunk_text": "\"This Guitar (Can't Keep from Crying)\"\nThis Guitar (Can't Keep from Crying) \"\"This Guitar (Can't Keep from Crying)\"\" is a song by English rock musician George Harrison, released on his 1975 studio album \"\"Extra Texture (Read All About It)\"\". Harrison wrote the song as a sequel to his popular Beatles composition \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\", in response to the personal criticism he had received during and after his 1974 North American tour with Ravi Shankar, particularly from \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" magazine. An edit of \"\"This Guitar\"\" was issued as a single in December 1975, as the final release by Apple Records in its original incarnation. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13662621", "chunk_text": "\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\nof \"\"The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time\"\", seventh on the \"\"100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time\"\", and at number 10 on its list of \"\"The Beatles 100 Greatest Songs\"\". Clapton's performance was ranked 42nd in \"\"Guitar World\"\"s 2008 list of the \"\"100 Greatest Guitar Solos\"\". In 2011 it was voted the sixth best collaboration of all time in a \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" readers poll. Harrison and Clapton often performed the song together live, during which they shared the lead guitar role over the closing section. Live versions featuring the pair were included on the \"\"Concert for Bangladesh\"\" album in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14870355", "chunk_text": "\"George Harrison\"\nran high, and drummer Ringo Starr quit briefly. Harrison's four songwriting contributions to the double album included \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\", which featured Eric Clapton on lead guitar, and the horn-driven \"\"Savoy Truffle\"\". Dylan and the Band were a major musical influence on Harrison at the end of his career with the Beatles. While on a visit to Woodstock in late 1968, he established a friendship with Dylan and found himself drawn to the Band's sense of communal music-making and to the creative equality among the band members, which contrasted with Lennon and McCartney's domination of the Beatles' songwriting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11678681", "chunk_text": "\"8 Diagrams\"\n\"\"Watch Your Mouth\"\" would be the album's first single. However, it was rumored that the song's producer DJ Scratch was unable to get a sample clearance, which resulted in its omission on the final release of the album. Instead, the first official single was \"\"The Heart Gently Weeps\"\", an adaptation of The Beatles song \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\". George Harrison's son Dhani Harrison and John Frusciante of Red Hot Chili Peppers performed lead and rhythm guitars. Originally thought to be a sampled track, it was later revealed as an interpolated version, sampling Jimmy Ponder's cover of the song. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10141838", "chunk_text": "\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\npreferred Höfner or Rickenbacker models. Still wary that his contribution might present too much of a departure from the band's sound, Clapton requested that Harrison give the lead guitar track a more \"\"Beatley\"\" sound when mixing the song. During final mixing for the White Album, on 14 October, the guitar part was run through an ADT circuit with \"\"varispeed\"\", with engineer Chris Thomas manipulating the oscillator to achieve the desired \"\"wobbly\"\" effect. According to Everett, Lennon's tremolo-rich guitar part, recorded on 5 September, was retained only in the song's coda. Clapton's guitar contribution has been described as making this a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7857601", "chunk_text": "\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\nrecording was made in September 1968, at which point the song's folk-based musical arrangement was replaced by a production in the heavy rock style. The recording was one of several collaborations between Harrison and Clapton during the late 1960s and was followed by the pair co-writing the song \"\"Badge\"\" for Clapton's group Cream. On release, the song received praise from several music critics, and it has since been recognised as an example of Harrison's continued maturity as a songwriter beside his Beatles bandmates John Lennon and Paul McCartney. \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" ranked \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\" 136th on its list", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7857610", "chunk_text": "\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\nBeatles compositions from early 1968 that changed markedly from demo form to the official recording. Harrison's demos suggest the influence of folk music, yet the Beatles' version is in the heavy rock style typical of much of the band's late 1960s work. While noting the importance of Harrison's return to the guitar during this period, Gould describes the song as \"\"virtually a declaration of his recommitment to rock\"\". The song as originally issued by the Beatles is in the key of A minor, changing to A major over the bridges. Aside from the intro, the composition is structured into two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16285285", "chunk_text": "\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\ntrack\"\". Starr paired it with \"\"Something\"\" as \"\"Two of the finest love songs ever written\"\", adding: \"\"they're really on a par with what John and Paul or anyone else of that time wrote.\"\" In their written tributes to Harrison following his death in November 2001, Mick Jagger and Keith Richards each expressed their admiration for the song. Jagger said: \"\"It's lovely, plaintive. Only a guitar player could write that ...\"\" In 2018, the music staff of \"\"Time Out London\"\" ranked \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\" at number 20 on their list of the best Beatles songs. Harrison played \"\"While My", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16285292", "chunk_text": "\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\nanniversary re-staging of Cirque du Soleil's \"\"Love\"\" theatrical production. The video was directed by Dandypunk, André Kasten and Leah Moyer. Ryan Reed, describing the clip for rollingstone.com, wrote that \"\"Dandypunk's hand-drawn illustrations depict Harrison's lyrics falling off the page into the air, transporting LOVE performer Eira Glover into a series of fantastical locations. Projection mapping – and no CGI – was used to create the clip.\"\" According to Ian MacDonald, Walter Everett and John Winn: White Album version \"\"Anthology 3\"\" version While My Guitar Gently Weeps \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\" is a song by the English rock band the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3188631", "chunk_text": "\"This Guitar (Can't Keep from Crying)\"\ncritic Chaz Lipp views it as a \"\"tighter rock-oriented remake\"\", while Graham Reid describes the bonus track as \"\"a fascinating undated update\"\". The following musicians played on the original version of \"\"This Guitar (Can't Keep from Crying)\"\": This Guitar (Can't Keep from Crying) \"\"This Guitar (Can't Keep from Crying)\"\" is a song by English rock musician George Harrison, released on his 1975 studio album \"\"Extra Texture (Read All About It)\"\". Harrison wrote the song as a sequel to his popular Beatles composition \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\", in response to the personal criticism he had received during and after his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7857600", "chunk_text": "\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\na lead guitar part, although he was not formally credited for his contribution. Harrison wrote \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\" as an exercise in randomness inspired by the Chinese \"\"I Ching\"\". The song conveys his dismay at the world's unrealised potential for universal love, which he refers to as \"\"the love there that's sleeping\"\". Harrison first recorded it with a sparse backing of acoustic guitar and harmonium – a version that appeared on the 1996 \"\"Anthology 3\"\" outtakes compilation and, with the addition of a string arrangement by George Martin, on the \"\"Love\"\" soundtrack album in 2006. The full group", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16285274", "chunk_text": "\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\nthat, while Lennon and McCartney were \"\"fairly non-committal\"\", he thought the track \"\"sounded fantastic\"\", adding: \"\"I knew George was happy, because he listened to it over and over in the control room.\"\" Harrison recalled that Clapton's presence also ensured that his bandmates \"\"tr[ied] a bit harder\"\" and \"\"were all on their best behaviour\"\". The Beatles carried out the remaining overdubs, which included an ascending piano motif, played by McCartney, over the introduction, Hammond organ by Harrison, and further percussion by Starr. McCartney also added a second bass part, played on his Fender Jazz Bass rather than on either of his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6492256", "chunk_text": "\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\nPhil Ochs's 'Tape from California', is the first track I know that succeeds in making magnanimous love serious and touching.\"\" \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\" became a staple of US rock radio during the early 1970s, on a par with songs such as \"\"Layla\"\" by Clapton's short-lived band Derek and the Dominos, Led Zeppelin's \"\"Stairway to Heaven\"\" and the Who's \"\"Won't Get Fooled Again\"\". In 1973, it appeared on the Beatles' double album compilation \"\"1967–1970\"\", as one of only three tracks representing the White Album. Capitol Records included it on \"\"The Best of George Harrison\"\" in 1976; a year before", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3495192", "chunk_text": "\"Marc Mann\"\nHarrison's posthumous \"\"Brainwashed\"\" album. In 2004, Mann played lead guitar along with Prince when George Harrison was inducted posthumously into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on the song \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\". Marc Mann Marc Mann is an American keyboardist, guitarist, programmer, arranger and conductor. He is known for his work with Oingo Boingo, Jeff Lynne and Electric Light Orchestra. In 2002 he performed in the \"\"Concert for George\"\" alongside Eric Clapton, Jeff Lynne, Ringo Starr and Paul McCartney, playing George Harrison's parts. He is credited as performer, arranger or producer on 54 albums. Mann is a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6492254", "chunk_text": "\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\npreaching\"\", representing \"\"a general set of incidents, a message, like a sermon, impersonally directed to everyone\"\", and concluded: \"\"I am willing to bet something substantial that the lead guitarist on this cut is Eric Clapton, yet another involution of the circular logic on which this song [is] so superbly constructed as a musical piece.\"\" In his review for the \"\"International Times\"\", Barry Miles said the song was a \"\"great tune\"\" with \"\"nice hi-hats\"\" but a \"\"lifeless\"\" guitar part. Alan Smith of the \"\"NME\"\" credited the \"\"warm voice\"\" and \"\"very strong melody\"\" to McCartney and said that the track was one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3188608", "chunk_text": "\"This Guitar (Can't Keep from Crying)\"\nnew composition as \"\"Son of 'Guitar Gently Weeps'\"\".<ref name=\"\"This Guitar/YouTube\"\">George Harrison interview, \"\"Rockweek\"\", \"\"George Harrison explains 'This Guitar Can't Keep from Crying'\"\" (retrieved 5 May 2013).</ref> Like the Beatles track, \"\"This Guitar\"\" is structured around short, minor-key verses (in this case, in the key of G minor) that conclude with the song title, rather than distinct choruses. Author Ian Inglis also notes the \"\"evident similarity\"\" between the melody of the two compositions. As with Harrison's lyrics for \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\", Inglis writes, \"\"This Guitar\"\" follows in a tradition established by Woody Guthrie, Pete Seeger and Bo Diddley, of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10752979", "chunk_text": "\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\n1968, such as the assassinations of Martin Luther King and Robert Kennedy in the United States, and the Soviet Russian oppression of Czechoslovakia. Allison writes that the lyrics represent the \"\"antithesis of spiritual triumphalism\"\", in which Harrison \"\"mourns because love has not conquered all\"\". The Beatles recorded \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\" several times during the sessions for their self-titled double album, also known as \"\"the White Album\"\". The recording sessions, which began in late May 1968, were characterised by a lack of cooperation among the four band members, and by what Lennon's bandmates regarded as the overly intrusive presence", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9852119", "chunk_text": "\"Jake Shimabukuro\"\nIn April 2006, Shimabukuro came to national and international attention when, unbeknownst to him, someone posted a virtuosic video of him playing George Harrison's \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\" on YouTube. The video, which had originally been filmed for a New York television show called \"\"Midnight Ukulele Disco\"\", quickly went viral, and has received over 15 million views. The video performance resulted in a huge increase in concert engagements, and Shimabukuro received collaboration requests from notable musicians including Jimmy Buffett, Béla Fleck, Ziggy Marley, Cyndi Lauper, Keali'i Reichel, and Yo-Yo Ma. He toured with Buffett in 2005, 2006 and 2007,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16556350", "chunk_text": "\"Tak Matsumoto\"\nTak Matsumoto Matsumoto was inspired to pick a guitar at an age of 13 when for the first time listened to Eric Clapton's playing on The Beatles song \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\". Reportedly he bought his first electric guitar at age of 15, a Japanese Gibson Les Paul after hearing Deep Purple's guitarist Ritchie Blackmore play \"\"Smoke on the Water on live album \"\"Made in Japan\"\". Matsumoto has said over the years that he has many favorite artists, from whom he has drawn much inspiration, from hard rock particularly such as Deep Purple, Led Zeppelin, Aerosmith and Van Halen.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13207443", "chunk_text": "\"The Heart Gently Weeps\"\nfor George Harrison, RZA, who produced this song, asked Harrison's son Dhani to play rhythm guitar. It was played using a mint condition Gretsch guitar from 1961 which was given to RZA as a gift from Russell Crowe after they had finished filming \"\"American Gangster\"\". The song was #50 on \"\"Rolling Stone\"\"s list of the 100 Best Songs of 2007. The Heart Gently Weeps \"\"The Heart Gently Weeps\"\" is the first single from the 2007 album \"\"8 Diagrams\"\" by the Wu-Tang Clan. The song features a sample of The Beatles' song \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\". It features guest appearances", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10141835", "chunk_text": "\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\nHarrison overdubbed a backwards (or \"\"backmasked\"\") guitar solo, as he had done two years before on \"\"I'm Only Sleeping\"\", on the \"\"Revolver\"\" album, but he was not satisfied with the results. The Beatles then remade the basic track on 5 September – a session that marked Ringo Starr's return to the group after he had walked out on 22 August, upset at the unpleasant atmosphere. While Harrison led the band in welcoming back their drummer, by installing a large flower display all over Starr's drum kit, he continued to think that his bandmates were not giving their best to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3209345", "chunk_text": "\"Eric Clapton\"\nAngeles, 1968, was released shortly after Cream disbanded; it also featured the studio single \"\"Badge\"\", co-written by Clapton and George Harrison. Clapton met Harrison and became close friends with him after the Beatles shared a bill with the Clapton-era Yardbirds at the London Palladium. Clapton played the lead guitar solo on Harrison's \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\" from the Beatles' \"\"White Album\"\" (1968). Harrison's debut solo album, \"\"Wonderwall Music\"\", in 1968, became the first of many Harrison solo records to include Clapton on guitar. Clapton would go largely uncredited for his contributions to Harrison's albums due to contractual restraints, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6492264", "chunk_text": "\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\nClapton, as a tribute to Harrison. The performance appears on the DVD release \"\"Party at the Palace\"\". On 29 November the same year, Clapton, backed by a large band that included McCartney, Starr, Dhani Harrison, Jeff Lynne and Marc Mann, performed \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\" at the Concert for George in memory of Harrison. Author Ian Inglis writes that while Clapton was already \"\"permanently associated\"\" with \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\" due to his presence on the White Album recording and the Concert for Bangladesh and \"\"Live in Japan\"\" versions, his long, closing solo at the Concert for George", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16556360", "chunk_text": "\"Tak Matsumoto\"\nEpiphone. In recent years was released signature model \"\"Doublecut Custom Ebony\"\". Matsumoto has also amassed a substantial guitar collection, including the following: Matsumoto is also an avid collector of older guitar amplifiers, as well as an accomplished bass player. Aside from guitars, he also owns other instruments, such as a few sitars, electric and otherwise. Tak Matsumoto Matsumoto was inspired to pick a guitar at an age of 13 when for the first time listened to Eric Clapton's playing on The Beatles song \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\". Reportedly he bought his first electric guitar at age of 15, a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2725719", "chunk_text": "\"Guest appearance\"\nwere relatively stable units, and while guests were not uncommon, they were seldom given credits on album covers. For example, Eric Clapton was not credited in print for his guitar performance in the release of \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\" of the Beatles. Still the term \"\"featuring\"\" was used as early as in the July 1954 UK Singles Chart by \"\"The Four Aces featuring Al Alberts\"\" with \"\"Three Coins In The Fountain\"\" at 5th place. Gradually guest appearances have become a fully credited staple of music industry. The custom of guest appearance has become especially prominent in rap music, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16285291", "chunk_text": "\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\ndid a cover version for their album Through the Looking Glass and in a live performance in Live in Amsterdam. Santana did a cover for his twentieth album \"\"\"\", in 2010, featuring singer India Arie and cellist Yo-Yo Ma. Released as a single, it charted on \"\"Billboard\"\"s Adult Contemporary. In 2016, Regina Spektor performed the song for the soundtrack to the film \"\"Kubo and the Two Strings\"\", accompanied by Kevin Kmetz on a shamisen. In June 2016, Apple Corps and Cirque du Soleil released a music video for \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\". The video was created for the tenth", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16357350", "chunk_text": "\"Dhani Harrison\"\nseveral times over the years. One of Harrison's notable collaborations was in 2004 at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, where he appeared alongside Tom Petty, Jeff Lynne, and Prince on \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\", which was performed to mark the posthumous induction of his father. Harrison is named after the 6th and 7th notes of the Indian music scale, \"\"dha\"\" and \"\"ni\"\". \"\"Dhani\"\" is also a raga in north Indian classical music. His first name is usually pronounced in English as \"\"Danny.\"\" Harrison grew up with his parents in Henley-on-Thames, in Friar Park, the estate on which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3188601", "chunk_text": "\"This Guitar (Can't Keep from Crying)\"\nDavid Foster, Gary Wright and Harrison all contributed keyboard parts to the track. \"\"This Guitar\"\" has traditionally received a mixed reception from reviewers, partly due to the inevitable comparisons with \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\". Harrison re-recorded the song in 1992 with former Eurythmic Dave Stewart, who used it to promote his Platinum Weird project in 2006. This version appears as a bonus track on the 2014 \"\"Apple Years 1968–75\"\" reissue of \"\"Extra Texture\"\". George Harrison's stated aim for his North American tour with Indian musician Ravi Shankar, which took place from 2 November to 20 December 1974, was to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10557271", "chunk_text": "Ukulele\nWorld,\"\" used in films, television programs, and commercials. The song reached no. 12 on \"\"Billboard\"\"'s Hot Digital Tracks chart the week of January 31, 2004 (for the survey week ending January 18, 2004). The creation of YouTube was a large influence on the popularity of the ukulele. One of the first videos to go viral was Jake Shimabukuro's ukulele rendition of George Harrison's \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\" on YouTube. The video quickly went viral, and as of December 2016, had received over 15 million views. Ukuleles are generally made of wood, though variants have been composed partially or entirely", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1342277", "chunk_text": "\"Dale Ockerman\"\nreplicating all song parts and overdubs, such as blending electric, acoustic, slide, and twelve string guitars, as well as piano, organ and clavinet. GuitArmy features professional musicians Tiran Porter on bass and David Tucker, former (Maria Muldaur,([Tommy Castro]) drummer and Musicscool teacher) on drums. Lead vocalist James Durbin, then 19, also guested with the White Album Ensemble's \"\"Across the Universe\"\" concert in December 2008 and received a standing ovation for his vocal on \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\". James was the focus of the Musicscool's Guitarmy, doing mostly ([Led Zeppelin]) songs. Next James passed the audition and whizzed up to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20435738", "chunk_text": "\"Gary Clark Jr.\"\nD'Addario Strings EXL 115. Clark uses a Fender Vibro-King amp purchased from Zapata (who currently tours with him and plays rhythm guitar) paired with a Fender Princeton. He is known for extensive use of fuzz pedals, with his most frequently used pedal being the Fulltone Octafuzz, and regular use of a wah pedal. Clark performed at Alicia Keys' Keep a Child Alive Black Ball benefit, in an effort to raise money for children with AIDS in Africa. The two performed the Beatles' \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\" as a tribute to George Harrison. On November 5, 2014, it was announced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6492251", "chunk_text": "\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\nClapton transition from the heavy blues style and its reliance on extended soloing, and onto the more song-based approach that he and Harrison admired in the Band's 1968 album \"\"Music from Big Pink\"\". Apple Records released \"\"The Beatles\"\" on 22 November 1968. One of four Harrison compositions on the double album, \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\" was sequenced as the penultimate track on side one in the LP format, between Lennon's \"\"The Continuing Story of Bungalow Bill\"\" and \"\"Happiness Is a Warm Gun\"\". The song was issued as the B-side of \"\"Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da\"\", a McCartney-written song that had also tested", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15560736", "chunk_text": "\"Ding Dong, Ding Dong\"\nto the track. His attire in these scenes represents a chronology of periods in the band's career – starting with the Hamburg-era black leathers, followed by 1963 mop-top wig and grey collarless suit, and then the iconic \"\"Sgt. Pepper\"\" uniform from 1967. During these scenes, he plays a mix of guitars, including his famous Rickenbacker 12-string, as used in the Beatles' 1964 film \"\"A Hard Day's Night\"\", and the Gibson Les Paul (christened \"\"Lucy\"\") that Clapton had used on the recording of \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\" in September 1968. The \"\"Sgt. Pepper\"\" portion shows Harrison playing a tuba while,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6492261", "chunk_text": "\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\nand, as with his substandard playing at the event, one indicative of his descent into heroin addiction.<ref name=\"\"Clapton/BD Revisited\"\">\"\"The Concert for Bangladesh Revisited with George Harrison and Friends\"\", DVD, 2005.</ref> The version performed by Harrison during his set at the 1987 Prince's Trust Concert reunited him with Starr and Clapton, and features an extended coda with the guitars of Harrison and Clapton interweaving. On their 1991 tour of Japan, Harrison and Clapton performed \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\" with additional background vocals. An edit combining parts of the 14 December and 17 December Tokyo Dome performances of the song was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6492241", "chunk_text": "\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\nThis version also includes the line \"\"The problems you sow are the troubles you're reaping\"\", which he similarly discarded. An early acoustic guitar and harmonium performance of the song features a slightly different third verse: \"\"I look from the wings at the play you are staging / While my guitar gently weeps / As I'm sitting here, doing nothing but ageing …\"\" This version was released on the 1996 compilation \"\"Anthology 3\"\" and was used as the basis of the 2006 \"\"Love\"\" remix, with a string arrangement by George Martin. \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\" was one of the few", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10085151", "chunk_text": "\"Old Brown Shoe\"\nbeen included on a Beatles single, following \"\"The Inner Light\"\" in March 1968, although his song \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\" had also been the B-side of \"\"Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da\"\", a single culled from \"\"The Beatles\"\" and issued in most countries other than Britain and America. The single was released in Britain (as Apple R 5786) on 30 May 1969 and in America (as Apple 2531) on 4 June. Although Chris Thomas supervised the 18 April overdubbing session, George Martin was credited as the song's sole producer. \"\"Old Brown Shoe\"\" was listed with \"\"The Ballad of John and Yoko\"\", as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9497709", "chunk_text": "\"Automatic double tracking\"\nof the stereo mix, which was sourced from the mono mix, by splitting the entire mix between the channels), and the unusually wide ADT used on the lead vocal tracks on \"\"Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite\"\" and \"\"Blue Jay Way\"\". On \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\", Eric Clapton used ADT to make his guitar sound 'less bluesy', according to Ian MacDonald in \"\"Revolution In The Head\"\". Townsend's technique, and minor variations on it, quickly caught on with other artists and record producers. Former Beatles engineer Norman Smith used ADT extensively on Pink Floyd's debut album \"\"The Piper at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_399	what state does rick and morty take place in?	n/a	[ "Washington", "the U.S. state of Washington" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17948032", "chunk_text": "\"Rick and Morty\"\ntheir children Summer and Morty, and Beth's father, Rick Sanchez, who lives with them as a guest. According to Justin Roiland, the family lives outside of Seattle in the U.S. state of Washington. The adventures of \"\"Rick and Morty\"\", however, take place across an infinite number of realities, with the characters travelling to other planets and dimensions through portals and Rick's flying car. Rick is an eccentric and alcoholic mad scientist, who eschews many ordinary conventions such as school, marriage, love, and family. He frequently goes on adventures with his 14-year-old grandson, Morty, a kind-hearted but easily distressed boy, whose", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17948030", "chunk_text": "\"Rick and Morty\"\nRick and Morty Rick and Morty is an American adult animated science fiction sitcom created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon for Cartoon Network's late-night programming block Adult Swim. The series follows the misadventures of cynical mad scientist Rick Sanchez and his good-hearted but fretful grandson Morty Smith, who split their time between domestic life and interdimensional adventures. The series premiered on December 2, 2013, and the third season concluded on October 1, 2017. In May 2018, the series was picked up for an additional 70 episodes over an unspecified number of seasons. Roiland voices the eponymous characters, with Chris", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20519797", "chunk_text": "\"Morty Smith\"\n1 of the \"\"Rick and Morty\"\" comic series follows the Rick and Morty of Dimension C-132 while most issues of subsequent instalments follow the Rick and Morty of \"\"C-137\"\"; the video game \"\"Pocket Mortys\"\" follows the Rick and Morty of C-123. Morty is 14 years old and is a student at Harry Herpson High School along with his older sister Summer. Morty seems to be suffering from anxiety and is easily stressed, largely as a result of traumatic experiences during his adventures with Rick. He is often dismissed as idiotic by Rick and others, but is shown to be wiser", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17948031", "chunk_text": "\"Rick and Morty\"\nParnell, Spencer Grammer and Sarah Chalke voicing the rest of the family. The series originated from an animated short parody film of \"\"Back to the Future\"\", \"\"The Real Animated Adventures of Doc and Mharti,\"\" created by Roiland for Channel 101, a short film festival co-founded by Harmon. When Adult Swim approached Harmon for television show ideas, he and Roiland decided to develop a program based on the short. The series has received universal acclaim for its originality, creativity and humor. The show revolves around the adventures of the members of the Smith household, which consists of parents Jerry and Beth,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17948034", "chunk_text": "\"Rick and Morty\"\nvary from one reality to another. The show's original Rick identifies himself as \"\"Rick Sanchez of Earth Dimension C-137\"\", in reference to his original universe, but this does not necessarily apply to every other member of the Smith household. For instance, in the first-season episode \"\"Rick Potion #9\"\", after turning the entire world population into monsters, Rick and Morty move to a different dimension, leaving Summer, Beth and Jerry behind. Following the conclusion of the third season, co-creators Harmon and Roiland wanted to have assurance that there would be many more seasons of \"\"Rick and Morty\"\" in the future, so", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20519796", "chunk_text": "\"Morty Smith\"\nMorty Smith Morty Smith is one of the title characters from the Adult Swim animated television series \"\"Rick and Morty\"\". Created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon, Morty is an anxious teen based on Marty McFly from \"\"Back to the Future\"\". Known for his awkward, anxious, second-guessing, and doubtful personality, the character has been well-received. He is a young, good-natured, and impressionable boy who can be somewhat easily manipulated. He is formally referred to as Morty Smith C-137 by the Trans-Dimensional Council of Ricks, in reference to his original universe, \"\"C-137\"\". Both Morty and Rick are voiced by Roiland. Volume", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17948033", "chunk_text": "\"Rick and Morty\"\nnaïve but grounded moral compass plays counterpoint to Rick's Machiavellian ego. Morty's 17-year-old sister, Summer, is a more conventional teenager, who worries about improving her status among her peers and sometimes follows Rick and Morty on their adventures. The kids' mother, Beth, is a generally level-headed person and assertive force in the household, though self-conscious about her professional role as a horse surgeon. She is dissatisfied with her marriage to Jerry, a simple-minded and insecure person, who disapproves of Rick's influence over his family. Different versions of the characters inhabit other dimensions throughout the multiverse and their personal characteristics can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "576877", "chunk_text": "\"Rick Sanchez (Rick and Morty)\"\ntimes where he has been proven wrong. He is formally referred to as Rick Sanchez C-137 (alias: \"\"Terror Rick\"\") by the Trans-Dimensional Council of Ricks, in reference to his original universe, \"\"C-137\"\", and penchant for instigating wars with inter-galactic empires. Both Rick and Morty are voiced by Roiland. Volume 1 of the \"\"Rick and Morty\"\" comic series follows the Rick and Morty of Dimension C-132 while most issues of subsequent instalments follow the Rick and Morty of \"\"C-137\"\"; the video game \"\"Pocket Mortys\"\" follows the Rick and Morty of C-123. Rick Sanchez from Earth dimension C-137 is the father of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9766217", "chunk_text": "\"Rick and Morty (season 1)\"\nRick and Morty (season 1) The first season of the American animated television series, \"\"Rick and Morty\"\" originally aired in the United States on Cartoon Network's late night programming block, Adult Swim. It premiered on December 2, 2013 with \"\"Pilot\"\" and ended on April 14, 2014 with \"\"Ricksy Business\"\", with a total of eleven episodes. The first season received critical acclaim. The actors and actresses listed below lend their voices to the corresponding animated characters. Other cast members of the season, who each have voiced one or more characters, include: Eric Bauza, Dan Harmon, Phil Hendrie, Brandon Johnson, Ryan Ridley,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "937387", "chunk_text": "\"Pilot (Rick and Morty)\"\nPilot (Rick and Morty) \"\"Pilot\"\" is the first episode of the American animated television sitcom \"\"Rick and Morty\"\". Written by series creators Dan Harmon and Justin Roiland, and directed by Roiland, the episode premiered on Adult Swim on December 2, 2013. The series introduces protagonists, alcoholic scientist Rick Sanchez and his innocent teenage grandson Morty Smith, as they embark on a dangerous interdimensional adventure to fetch Mega tree seeds. The pilot had a mixed to positive reception and was seen by about 1.1 million viewers when airing. Rick establishes himself as a bad influence on his grandson Morty when it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "577922", "chunk_text": "\"Rick Sanchez (Rick and Morty)\"\nRick Sanchez (Rick and Morty) Rick Sanchez is one of the title characters from the Adult Swim animated television series \"\"Rick and Morty\"\". Created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon, Sanchez is a genius misanthropic alcoholic scientist inspired by Emmett \"\"Doc\"\" Brown from \"\"Back to the Future\"\". Known for his reckless, nihilistic behavior and his rude, pessimistic personality, the character has been well received. He is a mad scientist who seems to know everything in the universe and thus finds life a traumatizing and pointless experience. However, despite assuming to be the smartest person in the universe, there have been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "576876", "chunk_text": "\"Rick Sanchez (Rick and Morty)\"\nRick Sanchez (Rick and Morty) Rick Sanchez is one of the title characters from the Adult Swim animated television series \"\"Rick and Morty\"\". Created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon, Sanchez is a genius misanthropic alcoholic scientist inspired by Emmett \"\"Doc\"\" Brown from \"\"Back to the Future\"\". Known for his reckless, nihilistic behavior and his rude, pessimistic personality, the character has been well received. He is a mad scientist who seems to know everything in the universe and thus finds life a traumatizing and pointless experience. However, despite assuming to be the smartest person in the universe, there have been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1474287", "chunk_text": "\"The Ricks Must Be Crazy\"\nThe Ricks Must Be Crazy \"\"The Ricks Must Be Crazy\"\" is the sixth episode in the second season of the American animated television sitcom \"\"Rick and Morty\"\", and the seventeenth overall episode in the series. Written by Dan Guterman and directed by Dominic Polcino, the episode first aired on Adult Swim in the United States on August 30, 2015. The title of the episode is a reference to the 1980 film \"\"The Gods Must Be Crazy\"\". In the episode, Rick and Morty go inside Rick's microverse car battery, an entire planet that generates electricity to power Rick's car, unbeknown to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17948036", "chunk_text": "\"Rick and Morty\"\nfirst met at Channel 101, a non-profit monthly short film festival in Los Angeles co-founded by Harmon. At Channel 101, participants submit a short film in the format of a pilot, and a live audience decides which pilots continue as a series. Roiland, then a producer on reality programming, began submitting content to the festival a year after its launch, in 2004. His pilots typically consisted of shock value—\"\"sick and twisted\"\" elements that received a confused reaction from the audience. Nevertheless, Harmon took a liking to his humor and the two began collaborating. In 2006, Roiland was fired from working", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17948048", "chunk_text": "\"Rick and Morty\"\nto avoid looking \"\"too normal to live in the \"\"Rick and Morty\"\" universe.\"\" When recording dialogue, Roiland does a considerable amount of improvisation, in order to make the characters feel more natural. The general formula of \"\"Rick and Morty\"\" consists of the juxtaposition of two conflicting scenarios: an extremely selfish, alcoholic grandfather dragging his grandson along for interdimensional adventures, intercut with domestic family drama. Co-creator Dan Harmon has described the series as a cross between Matt Groening's two shows \"\"The Simpsons\"\" and \"\"Futurama\"\", balancing family life with heavy science fiction. The series is inspired by British-style storytelling, as opposed to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9766219", "chunk_text": "\"Rick and Morty (season 1)\"\nMcMahan was also given writing credit. All episodes in the first season originally aired in the United States on Adult Swim, and are rated TV-14. However, the uncensored version of the episodes released on DVD and Blu-ray are rated TV-MA. The first season was released on DVD (Region 1) and Blu-ray on October 7, 2014. Before its release, Roiland had confirmed that it would contain uncensored audio tracks. Rick and Morty (season 1) The first season of the American animated television series, \"\"Rick and Morty\"\" originally aired in the United States on Cartoon Network's late night programming block, Adult Swim.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17948055", "chunk_text": "\"Rick and Morty\"\nseason containing bonus material. The digital release of the first season includes the 2013 \"\"Rick and Morty\"\" Comic-Con panel, the digital release of the second season includes the 2015 ATX Television Festival panel, and the digital release of the third season includes commentary on every episode, as well as seven more short videos featuring co-creators Dan Harmon and Justin Roiland. The show is available to watch on Netflix in a number of countries outside the United States, including the United Kingdom and Australia, while the first three seasons are available to stream on Hulu. Following the conclusion of the show's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11174730", "chunk_text": "\"Rick and Morty (season 3)\"\nRick and Morty (season 3) The third season of \"\"Rick and Morty\"\", an American animated television series created by Dan Harmon and Justin Roiland, originally aired on Cartoon Network's late night programming block, Adult Swim. It premiered with \"\"The Rickshank Rickdemption\"\", which aired unannounced on April 1, 2017, as part of Adult Swim's annual April Fools' prank. As a result of production delays, the remaining episodes began airing weekly nearly four months later, on July 30, 2017. The season comprised ten episodes, and its initial airing concluded on October 1, 2017. The premiere picks up where the second-season finale left", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "938320", "chunk_text": "\"Pilot (Rick and Morty)\"\nof the episode, drawing comparisons to \"\"Doctor Who\"\" and \"\"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\"\", some of Harmon's inspirations. Pilot (Rick and Morty) \"\"Pilot\"\" is the first episode of the American animated television sitcom \"\"Rick and Morty\"\". Written by series creators Dan Harmon and Justin Roiland, and directed by Roiland, the episode premiered on Adult Swim on December 2, 2013. The series introduces protagonists, alcoholic scientist Rick Sanchez and his innocent teenage grandson Morty Smith, as they embark on a dangerous interdimensional adventure to fetch Mega tree seeds. The pilot had a mixed to positive reception and was seen by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17948051", "chunk_text": "\"Rick and Morty\"\ninto nihilism.\"\" The series addresses the insignificance of human existence as compared to the size of the universe, with no recognizable divine presence, as described by Lovecraft's philosophy of cosmicism. The characters of the show deal with cosmic horror and existential dread, either by asserting the utility of science over magic or by choosing a life in ignorant bliss. However, as Joachim Heijndermans of \"\"Geeks\"\" notes, none of them appear able to handle the absurd and chaotic nature of the universe, as Jerry gets by through denial, and Rick is a \"\"depressed, substance addicted, suicidal mess.\"\" Harmon describes Rick as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9191213", "chunk_text": "\"Pocket Mortys\"\nPocket Mortys Pocket Mortys, also known as Rick and Morty: Pocket Mortys, is a free-to-play \"\"Rick and Morty\"\"-themed role-playing video game developed by Big Pixel Studios and published by Adult Swim Games. The game was released worldwide on 13 January 2016 for iOS and Android devices. The game is set in the \"\"Rick and Morty\"\" \"\"Rickstaverse\"\" and the mechanics serve as a parody on the \"\"Pokémon\"\" franchise. \"\"Pocket Mortys\"\" is based on the multiple timeline concept as described in episode 10 of season 1, \"\"Close Rick-counters of the Rick Kind\"\". The game uses a style and concept similar to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9766220", "chunk_text": "\"Rick and Morty (season 2)\"\nRick and Morty (season 2) The second season of the animated television series \"\"Rick and Morty\"\" originally aired on Cartoon Network's late night programming block Adult Swim in the United States on July 26, 2015 with \"\"A Rickle in Time\"\", and concluded on October 4 with \"\"The Wedding Squanchers\"\". This season aired a total of ten episodes. The actors and actresses listed below lend their voices to the corresponding animated characters. Other cast members of the season, who each have voiced one or more characters, include: Jay Johnson, Tom Kenny, Jill Talley, Paul F. Tompkins, Scott Chernoff, Ryan Elder, Will", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4708685", "chunk_text": "\"The Rickshank Rickdemption\"\nFools' Day joke. The episode follows the events surrounding Rick Sanchez's incarceration at the Galactic Federation's prison and high-stakes bid to escape, with revelations that both reveal his true motives and character. Following its initial airing, \"\"The Rickshank Rickdemption\"\" received positive reviews, which generally favored the episode's character development and its surprise turn of events. During Rick Sanchez's incarceration, the Galactic Federation has colonized Earth and the Smith family attempts to cope with his absence. Summer exhumes the remains of alternate Rick in their backyard, intending to use his portal gun and rescue him. Morty, however, attempts to reveal Rick's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3295410", "chunk_text": "\"A Rickle in Time\"\nA Rickle in Time \"\"A Rickle in Time\"\" is the first episode in the second season of the American animated television sitcom \"\"Rick and Morty\"\", and the twelfth overall episode of the series. Written by Matt Roller and directed by Wes Archer, the episode first aired on Adult Swim in the United States on July 26, 2015. The title of the episode could be a reference to the novel, \"\"A Wrinkle in Time\"\". In the episode, Rick, Morty, and his sister Summer—having restarted time after freezing it in the season one finale \"\"Ricksy Business\"\"—are in a quantum-uncertain state of existence.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17452558", "chunk_text": "\"Springfield (The Simpsons)\"\nSpringfield (The Simpsons) Springfield is a fictional town in the American animated sitcom \"\"The Simpsons\"\", which serves as its main setting. A mid-sized town in an undetermined state of the United States, Springfield acts as a complete universe in which characters can explore the issues faced by modern society. The geography of the town and its surroundings are flexible, changing to address whatever an episode's plot calls for. Springfield's location is impossible to determine, and the show is deliberately evasive on the subject, providing contradictory clues and information about its location. Springfield is intended to represent \"\"anytown, USA\"\" and not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13669413", "chunk_text": "\"Rick and Morty: Virtual Rick-ality\"\nRick and Morty: Virtual Rick-ality Rick and Morty: Virtual Rick-ality is a virtual reality game compatible with HTC Vive, Playstation VR and Oculus Rift developed by Owlchemy Labs and published by Adult Swim Games for Microsoft Windows on April 20, 2017. It is based on the American animated series \"\"Rick and Morty\"\", whose series co-creator Justin Roiland aided in the development. A port for the PlayStation 4 has been released on April 10, 2018. Using HTC Vive, Playstation VR or Oculus Rift, the player controls V.R. Morty, the clone of Morty Smith, the grandson of mad scientist Rick Sanchez. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9766221", "chunk_text": "\"Rick and Morty (season 2)\"\nJennings, Maurice LaMarche, Tress MacNeille, Ryan Ridley, Kari Wahlgren, John Kassir, Dawnn Lewis, Nolan North, Rob Paulsen, Gary Anthony Williams, Tony Barbieri, Kevin Michael Richardson, Jevin Smith, Tara Strong, Dan Benson, Dan Harmon, Jess Harnell, Phil Hendrie, William Holmes, Cassie Steele, Mike McCaffery, Brandon Johnson, James Atkinson, Rob Schrab and Arin Hanson. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> In January 2014, the series was renewed for a second season that began on July 26, 2015. Wes Archer, Dominic Polcino, Bryan Newton and Juan Meza-León served as directors, while series co-creators Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon, Matt Roller, David Phillips, Ryan Ridley, Mike McMahan, Tom Kauffman,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2774381", "chunk_text": "\"Dan Harmon\"\nDan Harmon Daniel Harmon (born January 3, 1973) is an American writer, producer, and actor. Harmon created and produced the NBC sitcom \"\"Community\"\", co-created the Adult Swim animated series \"\"Rick and Morty\"\", and co-founded the alternative television network/website Channel 101. Harmon published the book \"\"You'll Be Perfect When You're Dead\"\" in 2013. He also hosts a weekly podcast, \"\"Harmontown\"\". Harmon was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He graduated from Brown Deer High School in Brown Deer, a suburb of Milwaukee, and attended Marquette University. He briefly attended Glendale Community College. He would later use his experiences at the school to form", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1474299", "chunk_text": "\"The Wedding Squanchers\"\nThe Wedding Squanchers \"\"The Wedding Squanchers\"\" is the tenth and final episode of the second season of the American animated television sitcom \"\"Rick and Morty\"\", and the 21st overall episode of the series. Written by Tom Kauffman and directed by Wes Archer, the episode first aired on Adult Swim in the United States on October 4, 2015. After Rick receives a wedding invitation from Birdperson through an intergalactic parcel delivery, Jerry is accidentally sent, using that same service, to the wedding destination. In order to retrieve Jerry, Rick is forced to attend his best friend's wedding on the distant planet", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2774387", "chunk_text": "\"Dan Harmon\"\nSXSW on March 8, 2014. Harmon and co-showrunner, Justin Roiland, began developing ideas for an animated show during Harmon's yearlong break from \"\"Community\"\". For its fall 2012 season, Adult Swim ordered a 30-minute animated pilot from Harmon and Roiland. The pilot, \"\"Rick and Morty\"\", is about the adventures of a brilliant but mean-spirited inventor and his less-than-genius grandson. The show premiered on December 2, 2013 and was renewed for a second season. The series' third season concluded in October 2017. Harmon voiced the recurring character of Bird Person. In May 2018, Rick and Morty was renewed for a further 70", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14971607", "chunk_text": "\"Pilot (Rick and Morty)\"\nis discovered that Morty has missed a semester of school in the time he's spent on adventures with Rick. Rick takes Morty to another dimension, known as Dimension 35-C, which has the perfect conditions for growing \"\"Mega Trees\"\", which Rick requires for his research. In order to get past intergalactic customs, Morty hides the Mega Tree seeds in his rectum, but when their cover is blown, Rick and Morty escape while engaging in a shootout with bureaucratic alien insects. Ultimately, the seeds are used to briefly make Morty highly intelligent, causing his parents to believe he is fine with his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20519799", "chunk_text": "\"Morty Smith\"\nideas for a family element and Rick being a grandfather to Morty were developed. The character has received positive reception. VerbStomp described Morty as \"\"Perhaps the picture of childhood innocence, or perhaps the product of parental neglect. Morty is unintelligent, skiddish [...] and distressed, likely due to his traumatic experiences while venturing into new worlds with Rick.\"\" Morty Smith Morty Smith is one of the title characters from the Adult Swim animated television series \"\"Rick and Morty\"\". Created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon, Morty is an anxious teen based on Marty McFly from \"\"Back to the Future\"\". Known for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15053154", "chunk_text": "\"Pickle Rick\"\nPickle Rick \"\"Pickle Rick\"\" is the third episode of the third season of the Adult Swim animated television series \"\"Rick and Morty\"\". Written by Jessica Gao and directed by Anthony Chun, the episode premiered on August 6, 2017. In \"\"Pickle Rick\"\", Rick turns himself into a pickle to avoid family therapy, but Beth confiscates his antidote and the others go to therapy. Meanwhile, Rick falls into a sewer and constructs mechanisms from dead animals to survive. He escapes into a highly secure building, where he kills the agents inside in order to leave. He goes to the therapy session and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6092698", "chunk_text": "\"Rixty Minutes\"\nRixty Minutes \"\"Rixty Minutes\"\" is the eighth episode of the first season of \"\"Rick and Morty\"\". It premiered on Adult Swim on March 17, 2014. The episode was written by Tom Kauffman and Justin Roiland, and directed by Bryan Newton. In the episode, Rick and Morty watch cable from other dimensions, while Jerry, Beth, and Summer watch alternate reality versions of themselves using a pair of interdimensional goggles. The episode was well received and watched by about 1.48 million viewers in the United States. After Rick expresses his disgust for the quality of modern television, he replaces the Smith family's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17948050", "chunk_text": "\"Rick and Morty\"\nthat they are aware of the fact that they are characters of a TV show. Thereunder, Troy Patterson of \"\"The New Yorker\"\" notes that \"\"Rick and Morty\"\" \"\"supplies an artful answer to the question of what follows postmodernism: a decadent regurgitation of all its tropes, all at once, leavened by some humanistic wistfulness.\"\" Sean Sebastian of \"\"Junkee\"\" says that the show can be both hilarious and deeply disturbing at the same time as it excels at the \"\"intersection between big ideas, flippancy and wit.\"\" \"\"Rick and Morty\"\" has been described as \"\"a never-ending fart joke wrapped around a studied look", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "576878", "chunk_text": "\"Rick Sanchez (Rick and Morty)\"\nBeth Smith, and the grandfather of Morty and Summer Smith. He is said to have been away from the family for several years prior to the events of the show. He frequently travels on adventures through space and other planets and dimensions with his grandson Morty. In the third season of the show, it is revealed that he is 70 years old. Rick is portrayed as a mad scientist; utilizing his mathematical and scientific prowess in conjunction with apathy and egotistical cynicism, he emerges safely from any situation, regardless of the consequences of his self-preservation. Rick also, in some episodes,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9084056", "chunk_text": "\"Rixty Minutes\"\nshows (especially improvised ones), the output is hit or miss.\"\" Rixty Minutes \"\"Rixty Minutes\"\" is the eighth episode of the first season of \"\"Rick and Morty\"\". It premiered on Adult Swim on March 17, 2014. The episode was written by Tom Kauffman and Justin Roiland, and directed by Bryan Newton. In the episode, Rick and Morty watch cable from other dimensions, while Jerry, Beth, and Summer watch alternate reality versions of themselves using a pair of interdimensional goggles. The episode was well received and watched by about 1.48 million viewers in the United States. After Rick expresses his disgust for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15672822", "chunk_text": "\"Rick Grimes\"\n\"\"amazing find\"\". In preparation for the role, Lincoln sought inspiration from Gary Cooper in his work in the American western film \"\"High Noon\"\" (1952), as well as the television drama series \"\"Breaking Bad\"\". Lincoln has been well-received for his portrayal of the character, and has been nominated for several awards, winning a Saturn Award for Best Actor on Television in 2015. Before the zombie apocalypse, Rick was a police officer in the small town of Cynthiana, Kentucky. While in a shootout against an escaped convict with his partner and best friend, Shane Walsh, Rick is wounded and subsequently awakens from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4708684", "chunk_text": "\"The Rickshank Rickdemption\"\nThe Rickshank Rickdemption \"\"The Rickshank Rickdemption\"\" is the first episode in the third season of the American animated television sitcom \"\"Rick and Morty\"\", and the twenty-second episode overall in the series. It was written by Mike McMahan and directed by Juan Meza-Leon. The season three premiere first aired unannounced on Adult Swim in the United States on April 1, 2017 when it was watched by 676,000 American households. On the first day of its original broadcast, \"\"The Rickshank Rickdemption\"\" was replayed every half hour from 8pm to 12am ET with improved ratings, as a part of Adult Swim's annual April", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9993307", "chunk_text": "\"Phil Hendrie\"\nanimated comedies \"\"Futurama\"\", \"\"Rick and Morty\"\" and \"\"King of the Hill\"\". Hendrie was born and raised in Arcadia, California. In 1958 when Hendrie was five years old, his family took a road trip to visit relatives in Toronto, Canada. They listened to the radio the whole way. He knew then he wanted to work in radio one day. He was one of four children in an upper-middle-class Catholic family and an altar boy at Arcadia's Holy Angels Church. Hendrie's father was a salesman who came to Los Angeles in 1950 after serving in the Canadian army during World War II.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2697413", "chunk_text": "\"Pawnee (Parks and Recreation)\"\nPawnee (Parks and Recreation) Pawnee, Indiana ( ) is the fictional city in which the NBC comedy series \"\"Parks and Recreation\"\" is set. Since the show's start in 2009, the city's colorful history and inhabitants have been the joke or focal point for many episodes. Pawnee is depicted as a typical mid-sized city in southern Indiana, located in the fictional \"\"Wamapoke County\"\" about 90 miles from Indianapolis. Dialogue from the show and other officially licensed material suggest a population in the range of 60,000 to a little over 80,000. Pawnee's fictional history begins with its founding in 1817, which was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "658502", "chunk_text": "\"Spencer Grammer\"\nJames Hesketh, a firefighter, on February 11, 2011. On October 10, 2011, she gave birth to their son, Emmett Emmanual Hesketh. In November 2017, Hesketh filed for divorce from Grammer. In the fall of 2017, Grammer began her graduate studies at Columbia University, studying film screenwriting and directing. Spencer Grammer Spencer Karen Grammer (born October 9, 1983) is an American actress best known for her roles as the voice of Summer Smith in the Adult Swim animated science fiction series \"\"Rick and Morty\"\" and as Casey Cartwright in the ABC Family college comedy-drama series \"\"Greek\"\". Grammer, born in Los Angeles,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17948045", "chunk_text": "\"Rick and Morty\"\nHarmon creation based largely on Joseph Campbell's monomyth, or The Hero's Journey. Its two-act structure places the act break at an odd location in the stages of the monomyth: after The Meeting with the Goddess, instead of Atonement with the Father. Roiland has stated his and Harmon's intentions for the series to lack traditional continuity, opting for discontinuous storylines \"\"not bound by rules\"\". In producing the series' first season, episodes were occasionally written out of order. For example, \"\"Rick Potion #9\"\" was the second episode written for the series, but was instructed to be animated as the fifth, as it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1474288", "chunk_text": "\"The Ricks Must Be Crazy\"\nthe citizens of the microverse. Zeep Xanflorp, a scientist in the microverse, creates his own microverse, thus stopping the flow of energy to Rick's car. The episode largely takes place in Zeep's microverse, with Rick, Morty and Zeep attempting to escape it. After viewing \"\"Ball Fondlers: The Movie\"\" in an alternate dimension, Rick, Morty and Summer get into Rick's car in order to get what Rick dubs 'the best ice cream in the multiverse', but cannot as the car does not start. Upon further investigation, he finds that his car battery is malfunctioning. Rick takes Morty inside the car battery", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18899663", "chunk_text": "\"China, IL\"\nChina, IL China, IL (meaning China, Illinois) is an American adult animated sitcom created by Brad Neely for the Adult Swim programming block on Cartoon Network. The series takes place at The University of China, Illinois, dubbed the \"\"Worst College in America\"\" and located at the edge of town. The school's poor reputation is celebrated by the school's uncaring faculty and staff, constantly shown drinking while teaching and/or trying to avoid teaching altogether. The series was originally conceived as a web series on Adult Swim's defunct comedy website, Super Deluxe, in 2008. Neely, who had done \"\"Baby Cakes\"\" and \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20443836", "chunk_text": "\"Rick Sanchez (Rick and Morty)\"\nbackstory. The character was created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon, who first met at Channel 101 in the early 2000s. In 2006, Roiland created \"\"The Real Animated Adventures of Doc and Mharti\"\", an animated short parodying the \"\"Back to the Future\"\" characters Doc Brown and Marty McFly, and the precursor to \"\"Rick and Morty\"\". The idea for \"\"Rick and Morty\"\", in the form of \"\"Doc and Mharti\"\" was brought up to Adult Swim, and the ideas for a family element and Rick being a grandfather to Morty were developed. Roiland considers his voice for Rick to be a \"\"horrible", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5319413", "chunk_text": "\"Spencer Grammer\"\nSpencer Grammer Spencer Karen Grammer (born October 9, 1983) is an American actress best known for her roles as the voice of Summer Smith in the Adult Swim animated science fiction series \"\"Rick and Morty\"\" and as Casey Cartwright in the ABC Family college comedy-drama series \"\"Greek\"\". Grammer, born in Los Angeles, California, is the child of comedian and actor Kelsey Grammer and Doreen Alderman, and was named after her paternal aunt, who was murdered in 1975. She has six paternal half-siblings: three half-sisters (the actress Greer Grammer, Mason, and Faith) and three half-brothers (Jude, Gabriel, and James). She also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20989346", "chunk_text": "\"Randy and Sharon Marsh\"\nRandy and Sharon Marsh Randy Marsh and Sharon Marsh (née Kimble) are fictional characters in the animated television series \"\"South Park\"\". They are the most prominent set of parents on the show and a middle-class married couple who raise their 10-year-old son Stan and 13-year-old daughter Shelly in the fictional town of South Park, Colorado. Their first names are derived from the first names of series co-creator Trey Parker's parents, and Parker describes Randy as \"\"the biggest dingbat in the entire show\"\". According to the season 16 episode \"\"Reverse Cowgirl\"\", the Marsh home address is 260 Avenidas de los Mexicanos.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2093893", "chunk_text": "\"Alex Hirsch\"\nCartoon Network where he worked alongside fellow CalArts alumni, J. G. Quintel, Pendleton Ward, and Pat McHale. He would go on to develop the pilot for the Disney Channel series, \"\"Fish Hooks\"\" along with Maxwell Atoms and future \"\"Rick and Morty\"\" creator Justin Roiland. In 2012, Hirsch created the series \"\"Gravity Falls\"\" for the Disney Channel. The show, set in the fictional town of Gravity Falls, Oregon, premiered in June 2012 with a voice cast including Jason Ritter, Kristen Schaal, and Hirsch himself. Over the course of the series, he provided the voices of Grunkle Stan, Soos, Old Man McGucket,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12060692", "chunk_text": "\"Pickle Rick\"\npart of the joke,\"\" though notes that the bodyguards are \"\"European.\"\" Writer Ryan Ridley has said that the episode is \"\"not a spoof of anything in particular,\"\" though it does reference \"\"127 Hours\"\" and \"\"Gravity\"\". Series creator Dan Harmon has stated that the episode is largely inspired by \"\"Breaking Bad\"\" episode \"\"4 Days Out\"\", where Walter White is \"\"up against primal forces\"\" and has to \"\"fall back on his basic science knowledge to keep them alive.\"\" Jaffe writes that \"\"Summer and Morty seem much more affected\"\" by the therapist's concerns than Beth and Rick. Matar agrees, stating that \"\"Morty and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.