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10,400 | International Workshop on the Future of Physics and Society, Debrecen, Hungary, 4-6 March 1999, Workshop Summary | physics.soc-ph | The Debrecen workshop was one of a number held in preparation for the
UNESCO-ICSU World Conference on Science, which will be held in Budapest, June
1999. A report representing the views of the workshop, prepared for that
conference and containing a number of recommended actions, is included with
this summary. The works... | physics |
10,401 | Golden Section and the Art of Painting | physics.soc-ph | A statistical study on 565 works of art of different great painters was done
and it was calculated the ratio of the 2 sides of a paintings. Assuming that
all the painters under discussion enter in a statistics with equal weights it
is shown that the average value obtained for the ratio of the sides is 1.34.
This value,... | physics |
10,402 | Physicists Thriving with Paperless Publishing | physics.soc-ph | The Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) and Deutsches Elektronen
Synchrotron (DESY) libraries have been comprehensively cataloguing the High
Energy Particle Physics (HEP) literature online since 1974. The core database,
SPIRES-HEP, now indexes over 400,000 research articles, with almost 50% linked
to fulltext ele... | physics |
10,403 | What is research? | physics.soc-ph | Doing research is fighting, what any other thing the human being could do?
Fight against powers or to get powers, that depends on us. Science can be a
revolution or deadlocked idleness. Still waters, without hitting the stones
along their history, trend to form bogs. | physics |
10,404 | Words for Nobel prizes | physics.soc-ph | We present the statistics of the significant nouns and adjectives of social
impact figuring in the nominations of the Nobel prizes in Physics and Chemistry
over the period of the awards from 1901 to 2001 | physics |
10,405 | Peer review in context | physics.soc-ph | Scientific publishing is in a transition between the old paper-bound, static
forms and the new electronic media with its interactive, dynamic possibilities.
This takes place in the context of imploding library budgets and exploding
magazine costs. The scientists as authors, reviewers and editors of scientific
journals ... | physics |
10,406 | Depleted-Uranium Weapons: the Whys and Wherefores | physics.soc-ph | The only military application in which depleted-uranium (DU) alloys
out-perform present-day tungsten alloys is long-rod penetration into a main
battle-tank's armor. However, this advantage is only on the order of 10%, and
it disappears when the comparison is made in terms of actual lethality of
complete anti-tank syste... | physics |
10,407 | Compositional analyses of a Reutlingen Bronze Age sword discovered at Giurgiu, Romania | physics.soc-ph | The compositional scheme of a Bronze Age sword, found near the town of
Giurgiu in Romania has been determined by the method of particle-induced X-ray
emission (PIXE), at the tandem accelerator of the National Institute for
Physics and Nuclear Engineering from Bucharest, Magurele, Romania. The results
of the analyses an... | physics |
10,408 | Monitoring the Digital Divide | physics.soc-ph | It is increasingly important to support the large numbers of scientists
working in remote areas and having low -bandwidth access to the Internet. This
will continue to be the case for years to come since there is evidence from
PingER performance measurements that the, so-called, digital divide is not
decreasing. In thi... | physics |
10,409 | Effect of the Fast Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse on the Electric Power Grid Nationwide: A Different View | physics.soc-ph | This paper primarily considers the potential effects of a single
high-altitude nuclear burst on the U.S. power grid. A comparison is made
between EMP and natural phenomena such as lightning. This paper concludes that
EMP is no more harmful to the power grid than its counterparts in nature. An
upper limit of the electri... | physics |
10,410 | Defining Civilization utilizing Anthropic Reasoning | physics.soc-ph | We utilize anthropic reasoning to demonstrate that we are typical observers
of our reference class under a self-sampling assumption by investigating the
definition of what a civilization is. With reference to the conflict between
such reasoning and the observational lack of extra-terrestrial intelligent
life, we conclu... | physics |
10,411 | Special Attention Network | physics.soc-ph | In this Note a social network model for opinion formation is proposed in
which a person connected to $q$ partners pays an {\em attention} $1/q$ to each
partner. The mutual attention between two connected persons $i$ and $j$ is
taken equal to the geometric mean $1/\sqrt{q_iq_j}$. Opinion is represented as
usual by an Is... | physics |
10,412 | Science as a Culture - Its Implications | physics.soc-ph | This is a lecture on the ethics and role of science in promoting rational and
objective thinking in society. It was delivered by Prof. Shyamal Sengupta of
Kolkata, India. Prof. Sengupta, who passed away recently, has inspired
generations of Indian physicists by his rational viewpoints on science and by
teaching his stu... | physics |
10,413 | A Unity of Science, Especially Among Physicists, Is Urgently Needed to End Medicine's Lethal Misdirection | physics.soc-ph | We have all read that: (1) organized medicine was laughing at the germ theory
and refused to wash its hands in the late 1800's while women died of childbed
fever and other patients of wound sepsis (scientists in general, including
physicists, were among those who died); and (2) during the 1900's, and still
today, organ... | physics |
10,414 | Developing Basic Space Science World Wide: Progress Report | physics.soc-ph | The UN/ESA Workshops on Basic Space Science is a long-term effort for the
development of astronomy and regional and international co-operation in this
field on a world wide basis, particularly in developing nations. The first four
workshops in this series (India 1991, Costa Rica and Colombia 1992, Nigeria
1993, and Egy... | physics |
10,415 | Hiawatha's Valence Bonding | physics.soc-ph | There is increasing circumstantial evidence that the cuprate superconductors,
and correlated-electron materials generally, defy simple materials
categorization because of their proximity to one or more continuous
zero-temperature phase transitions. This implies that the fifteen-year
confusion about the cuprates is not ... | physics |
10,416 | The Heider balance and social distance | physics.soc-ph | The Heider balance is a state of a group of people with established mutual
relations between them. These relations, friendly or hostile, can be measured
in the Bogardus scale of the social distance. In previous works on the Heider
balance, these relations have been described with integers 0 and $\pm1$.
Recently we have... | physics |
10,417 | Heterogeneous Economic Networks | physics.soc-ph | The Japanese shareholding network at the end of March 2002 is studied. To
understand the characteristics of this network intuitively, we visualize it as
a directed graph and an adjacency matrix. Especially detailed features of
networks concerned with the automobile industry sector are discussed by using
the visualized ... | physics |
10,418 | Consensus formation: The case of using cell phones while driving | physics.soc-ph | Several models (including the widely used Sznajd model) have been proposed in
order to describe the social phenomenon of consensus formation. The objective
of the present paper is to supplement the simulations based on these models
with a ``real world simulation''; it considers a situation which can be
considered as an... | physics |
10,419 | Suicide: the key role of short range ties | physics.soc-ph | The paper explores the connection between short-range social ties (i.e. links
with close relatives) and the occurrence of suicide. The objective is to
discriminate between a model based on social ties and a model based on
psychological traumas. Our methodological strategy is to focus on instances
characterized by the s... | physics |
10,420 | The power of a good idea: quantitative modeling of the spread of ideas from epidemiological models | physics.soc-ph | The population dynamics underlying the diffusion of ideas hold many
qualitative similarities to those involved in the spread of infections. In
spite of much suggestive evidence this analogy is hardly ever quantified in
useful ways. The standard benefit of modeling epidemics is the ability to
estimate quantitatively pop... | physics |
10,421 | A Generalized Preferential Attachment Model for Complex Systems | physics.soc-ph | Complex systems can be characterized by classes of equivalency of their
elements defined according to system specific rules. We propose a generalized
preferential attachment model to describe the class size distribution. The
model postulates preferential growth of the existing classes and the steady
influx of new class... | physics |
10,422 | Scaling Phenomena in the Growth Dynamics of Scientific Output | physics.soc-ph | We analyze a set of three databases at different levels of aggregation (i) a
database of approximately $10^6$ publications of 247 countries in the period
between 1980--2001. (ii) A database of 508 academic institutions from European
Union (EU) and 408 institutes from USA in the 11 year period between during
1991--2001.... | physics |
10,423 | Bonabeau model on a fully connected graph | physics.soc-ph | Numerical simulations are reported on the Bonabeau model on a fully connected
graph, where spatial degrees of freedom are absent. The control parameter is
the memory factor f. The phase transition is observed at the dispersion of the
agents power h_i. The critical value f_C shows a hysteretic behavior with
respect to t... | physics |
10,424 | Sociophysics Simulations I: Language Competition | physics.soc-ph | Using a bit-string model similar to biological simulations, the competition
between different languages is simulated both without and with spatial
structure. We compare our agent-based work with differential equations and the
competing bit-string model of Kosmidis et al. | physics |
10,425 | Random matrix theory and robust covariance matrix estimation for financial data | physics.soc-ph | The traditional class of elliptical distributions is extended to allow for
asymmetries. A completely robust dispersion matrix estimator (the `spectral
estimator') for the new class of `generalized elliptical distributions' is
presented. It is shown that the spectral estimator corresponds to an
M-estimator proposed by T... | physics |
10,426 | Financial Networks in the Korean Stock Exchange Market | physics.soc-ph | We investigate the financial network in the Korean stock exchange (KSE)
market, using both numerical simulations and scaling arguments. We estimate the
cross-correlation on the stock price exchanges of all companies listed on the
the Korean stock exchange market, where all companies are fully connected via
weighted lin... | physics |
10,427 | Scaling laws for the movement of people between locations in a large city | physics.soc-ph | Large scale simulations of the movements of people in a ``virtual'' city and
their analyses are used to generate new insights into understanding the dynamic
processes that depend on the interactions between people. Models, based on
these interactions, can be used in optimizing traffic flow, slowing the spread
of infect... | physics |
10,428 | Construction of bipartite and unipartite weighted networks from collections of journal papers | physics.soc-ph | This work presents a model that allows the study of research specialties
through the manifestations of the specialty's social and epistemological
processes in a collection of journal papers. Collections of papers are modeled
as coupled bipartite networks interlinking 7 types of entities. Matrix-based
link weight functi... | physics |
10,429 | Devils staircase like behavior of the range of random time series associated with the tangled nature of evolution | physics.soc-ph | We present empirical evidence that the range of random time series associated
with the tangled nature model of evolution exhibits a devils staircase like
behavior characterized by logarithmic trend and the universal multi-affine
spectrum of scaling exponents xi_c of q leq q_c moments of q-order
height-height correlatio... | physics |
10,430 | Towards a New Democracy: Consensus Through Quantum Parliament | physics.soc-ph | We compare different actual forms of democracy and analyse in which way they
are variations of a 'natural consensus decision process'. We analyse how
'consensus decision followed by majority voting' is open to 'false play' by the
majority, and investigate how other types of false play appear in alternative
types of dem... | physics |
10,431 | Heider Balance in Human Networks | physics.soc-ph | Recently, a continuous dynamics was proposed to simulate dynamics of
interpersonal relations in a society represented by a fully connected graph.
Final state of such a society was found to be identical with the so-called
Heider balance (HB), where the society is divided into two mutually hostile
groups. In the continuo... | physics |
10,432 | Public transport systems in Poland: from Bialystok to Zielona Gora by bus and tram using universal statistics of complex networks | physics.soc-ph | We have examined a topology of 21 public transport networks in Poland. Our
data exhibit several universal features in considered systems when they are
analyzed from the point of view of evolving networks. Depending on the assumed
definition of a network topology the degree distribution can follow a power law
p(k) ~ k^(... | physics |
10,433 | Microscopic and Macroscopic Simulation of Competition between Languages | physics.soc-ph | The similarity of the evolution of human languages (or alphabets, bird songs,
>...) to biological evolution of species is utilized to study with up to $10^9$
people the rise and fall of languages either by macroscopic differential
equations similar to biological Lotka-Volterra equation, or by microscopic
Monte Carlo si... | physics |
10,434 | Random trading market: Drawbacks and a realistic modification | physics.soc-ph | We point out some major drawbacks in random trading market models and propose
a realistic modification which overcomes such drawbacks through `sensible
trading'. We apply such trading policy in different situations: a) Agents with
zero saving factor b) with constant saving factor and c) with random saving
factor --in a... | physics |
10,435 | Sociophysics Simulations II: Opinion Dynamics | physics.soc-ph | Individuals have opinions but can change them under the influence of others.
The recent models of Sznajd (missionaries), of Deffuant et al. (negotiators),
and of Krause and Hegselmann (opportunists) are reviewed here, while the voter
and Ising models, Galam's majority rule and the Axelrod multicultural model
were dealt... | physics |
10,436 | Sociophysics Simulations IV: Hierarchies of Bonabeau et al | physics.soc-ph | The model of Bonabeau et al explains social hierarchies as random: People
keep a memory of recent fights, and winners have a higher probability to win
again. The question of phase transition and the generalization from square
lattices to networks is reviewed here. | physics |
10,437 | Enhancing Robustness and Immunization in geographical networks | physics.soc-ph | We find that different geographical structures of networks lead to varied
percolation thresholds, although these networks may have similar abstract
topological structures. Thus, the strategies for enhancing robustness and
immunization of a geographical network are proposed. Using the generating
function formalism, we o... | physics |
10,438 | Distance-dependent connectivity: Yet Another Approach to the Small World Phenomenon | physics.soc-ph | We investigate a relationship network of humans located in a metric space
where relationships are drawn according to a distance-dependent probability
density. The obtained spatial graph allows us to calculate the average
separation of people in a very simple manner. The acquired results agree with
the well-known presen... | physics |
10,439 | Geographical effects on cascading breakdowns of scale-free networks | physics.soc-ph | Cascading breakdowns of real networks are severe accidents in recent years,
such as the blackouts of the power transportation networks in North America. In
this paper, we study the effects of geographical structure on the cascading
phenomena of load-carried scale-free networks, find that more geographically
constrained... | physics |
10,440 | Statistical properties of an experimental political futures market | physics.soc-ph | A 24-hour exchange market was created on the Web to trade political futures
contracts using fictitious money. In this online market, a political futures
contract is a futures contract which matures on the election day with a
liquidation price determined by the percentage of votes a candidate receives on
the election da... | physics |
10,441 | A Model for Collaboration Networks Giving Rise to a Power Law Distribution with an Exponential Cutoff | physics.soc-ph | Recently several authors have proposed stochastic evolutionary models for the
growth of complex networks that give rise to power-law distributions. These
models are based on the notion of preferential attachment leading to the ``rich
get richer'' phenomenon. Despite the generality of the proposed stochastic
models, the... | physics |
10,442 | How political parties adjust to fixed voter opinions | physics.soc-ph | We propose a new version of the spatial model of voting. Platforms of five
parties are evolving in a two-dimensional landscape of political issues so as
to get maximal numbers of voters. For a Gaussian landscape the evolution leads
to a spatially symmetric state, where the platform centers form a pentagon
around the Ga... | physics |
10,443 | Simulation for competition of languages with an ageing sexual population | physics.soc-ph | Recently, individual-based models originally used for biological purposes
revealed interesting insights into processes of the competition of languages.
Within this new field of population dynamics a model considering sexual
populations with ageing is presented. The agents are situated on a lattice and
each one speaks o... | physics |
10,444 | Sznajd model and its applications | physics.soc-ph | In 2000 we proposed a sociophysics model of opinion formation, which was
based on trade union maxim "United we Stand, Divided we Fall" (USDF) and latter
due to Dietrich Stauffer became known as the Sznajd model (SM). The main
difference between SM compared to voter or Ising-type models is that
information flows outward... | physics |
10,445 | Dynamic Behaviors of Mix-game Model and Its Applications | physics.soc-ph | This paper proposes a modification to Minority Game (MG) by adding some
agents who play majority game into MG. So it is referred to as mix-game. The
highlight of this model is that the two groups of agents in mix-game have
different bounded abilities to deal with history information and to count their
own performance. ... | physics |
10,446 | Societal and ethical interactions with nanotechnology ("SEIN") -- an introduction | physics.soc-ph | We identify 6 important issues tied to the continued development of
nantechnology: (1) environmental issues, (2) equity issues relating to the
possible emergence of a "nanodivide", (3) legal, regulatory and insurance
challenges, (4) privacy issues, (5) the interaction between nanomedicine and
medical issues and (6) "hy... | physics |
10,447 | Vector Opinion Dynamics in a Bounded Confidence Consensus Model | physics.soc-ph | We study the continuum opinion dynamics of the compromise model of Krause and
Hegselmann for a community of mutually interacting agents, by solving
numerically a rate equation. The opinions are here represented by bidimensional
vectors with real-valued components. We study the situation starting from a
uniform probabil... | physics |
10,448 | On the Google-Fame of Scientists and Other Populations | physics.soc-ph | We study the fame distribution of scientists and other social groups as
measured by the number of Google hits garnered by individuals in the
population. Past studies have found that the fame distribution decays either in
power-law [arXiv:cond-mat/0310049] or exponential [Europhys. Lett., 67, (4)
511-516 (2004)] fashion... | physics |
10,449 | Steady States of Epidemic Spreading in Small-World Networks | physics.soc-ph | We consider a standard \textit{susceptible-infected-susceptible} (SIS) model
to study behaviors of steady states of epidemic spreading in small-world
networks. Using analytical methods and large scale simulations, we recover the
usual epidemic behavior with a critical threshold $\lambda_{c}$ below which
infectious dise... | physics |
10,450 | Change of ownership networks in Japan | physics.soc-ph | As complex networks in economics, we consider Japanese shareholding networks
as they existed in 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2002, and 2003. In this study, we
use as data lists of shareholders for companies listed on the stock market or
on the over-the-counter market. The lengths of the shareholder lists vary with
the compa... | physics |
10,451 | Performance-related differences of bibliometric statistical properties of research groups: cumulative advantages and hierarchically layered networks | physics.soc-ph | In this paper we distinguish between top-performance and lower performance
groups in the analysis of statistical properties of bibliometric
characteristics of two large sets of research groups. We find intriguing
differences between top-performance and lower performance groups, but also
between the two sets of research... | physics |
10,452 | Highly optimized tolerance and power laws in dense and sparse resource regimes | physics.soc-ph | Power law cumulative frequency $(P)$ vs. event size $(l)$ distributions
$P(\geq l)\sim l^{-\alpha}$ are frequently cited as evidence for complexity and
serve as a starting point for linking theoretical models and mechanisms with
observed data. Systems exhibiting this behavior present fundamental
mathematical challenges... | physics |
10,453 | The deterministic-stochastic flow model | physics.soc-ph | A discrete model of traffic on a multilane road is considered. The traffic is
presented as particles movement with a deterministic component and a stochastic
one. Formulas for the traffic characteristics have been found. The model can
explain theoretically some phenomena that have been discovered earlier on the
basis o... | physics |
10,454 | Centrality Measures in Spatial Networks of Urban Streets | physics.soc-ph | We study centrality in urban street patterns of different world cities
represented as networks in geographical space. The results indicate that a
spatial analysis based on a set of four centrality indices allows an extended
visualization and characterization of the city structure. Planned and
self-organized cities clea... | physics |
10,455 | Cascade Dynamics of Multiplex Propagation | physics.soc-ph | Random links between otherwise distant nodes can greatly facilitate the
propagation of disease or information, provided contagion can be transmitted by
a single active node. However we show that when the propagation requires
simultaneous exposure to multiple sources of activation, called multiplex
propagation, the effe... | physics |
10,456 | Attractiveness and activity in Internet communities | physics.soc-ph | Datasets of online communication often take the form of contact sequences --
ordered lists contacts (where a contact is defined as a triple of a sender, a
recipient and a time). We propose measures of attractiveness and activity for
such data sets and analyze these quantities for anonymized contact sequences
from an In... | physics |
10,457 | Stochastic Opinion Formation in Scale-Free Networks | physics.soc-ph | The dynamics of opinion formation in large groups of people is a complex
non-linear phenomenon whose investigation is just at the beginning. Both
collective behaviour and personal view play an important role in this
mechanism. In the present work we mimic the dynamics of opinion formation of a
group of agents, represen... | physics |
10,458 | Evolutionary prisoner's dilemma game with dynamic preferential selection | physics.soc-ph | We study a modified prisoner's dilemma game taking place on two-dimensional
disordered square lattices. The players are pure strategists and can either
cooperate or defect with their immediate neighbors. In the generations each
player update its strategy by following one of the neighboring strategies with
a probability... | physics |
10,459 | Modelling the dynamics of youth subcultures | physics.soc-ph | What are the dynamics behind youth subcultures such as punk, hippie, or
hip-hop cultures? How does the global dynamics of these subcultures relate to
the individual's search for a personal identity? We propose a simple dynamical
model to address these questions and find that only a few assumptions of the
individual's b... | physics |
10,460 | Scientific Culture and Its Role in International Negotiations | physics.soc-ph | Scientists as diplomats (historical examples). Scientists as advisors to
governments and the public. Nongovernmental organisations and international
conferences on security questions, initiated by scientists and based on their
professional culture. | physics |
10,461 | How individuals learn to take turns: Emergence of alternating cooperation in a congestion game and the prisoner's dilemma | physics.soc-ph | In many social dilemmas, individuals tend to generate a situation with low
payoffs instead of a system optimum ("tragedy of the commons"). Is the routing
of traffic a similar problem? In order to address this question, we present
experimental results on humans playing a route choice game in a computer
laboratory, which... | physics |
10,462 | Prisoner's dilemma on dynamic networks under perfect rationality | physics.soc-ph | We consider the prisoner's dilemma being played repeatedly on a dynamic
network, where agents may choose their actions as well as their co-players.
This leads to co-evolution of network structure and strategy patterns of the
players. Individual decisions are made fully rationally and are based on local
information only... | physics |
10,463 | Live and Dead Nodes | physics.soc-ph | In this paper, we explore the consequences of a distinction between `live'
and `dead' network nodes; `live' nodes are able to acquire new links whereas
`dead' nodes are static. We develop an analytically soluble growing network
model incorporating this distinction and show that it can provide a
quantitative description... | physics |
10,464 | A network-based threshold model for the spreading of fads in society and markets | physics.soc-ph | We investigate the behavior of a threshold model for the spreading of fads
and similar phenomena in society. The model is giving the fad dynamics and is
intended to be confined to an underlying network structure. We investigate the
whole parameter space of the fad dynamics on three types of network models. The
dynamics... | physics |
10,465 | The Community Structure of Econophysicist Collaboration Networks | physics.soc-ph | This paper uses a database of collaboration recording between Econophysics
Scientists to study the community structure of this collaboration network,
which with a single type of vertex and a type of undirected, weighted edge.
Hierarchical clustering and the algorithm of Girvan and Newman are presented to
analyze the da... | physics |
10,466 | Social Behaviour of Agents: Capital Markets and Their Small Perturbations | physics.soc-ph | We study social behaviour of agents on capital markets when these are
perturbed by small perturbations. We use the mean field method. Social
behaviour of agents on capital markets is described: volatility of the market,
aversion constant and equilibrium states are discussed. Relaxation behaviour of
agents on the capita... | physics |
10,467 | Instability of human societies as a result of conformity | physics.soc-ph | We introduce a new model that mimics the strong and sudden effects induced by
conformity in tightly interacting human societies. Such effects range from mere
crowd phenomena to dramatic political turmoil. The model is a modified version
of the Ising Hamiltonian. We have studied the properties of this Hamiltonian
using ... | physics |
10,468 | A spatial model for social networks | physics.soc-ph | We study spatial embeddings of random graphs in which nodes are randomly
distributed in geographical space. We let the edge probability between any two
nodes to be dependent on the spatial distance between them and demonstrate that
this model captures many generic properties of social networks, including the
``small-wo... | physics |
10,469 | Complex Networks as Hypergraphs | physics.soc-ph | The representation of complex systems as networks is inappropriate for the
study of certain problems. We show several examples of social, biological,
ecological and technological systems where the use of complex networks gives
very limited information about the structure of the system. We propose to use
hypergraphs to ... | physics |
10,470 | Influence of information flow in the formation of economic cycles | physics.soc-ph | A microscopic approach to macroeconomic features is intended. A model for
macroeconomic behavior based on the Ausloos-Clippe-Pekalski model is built and
investigated. The influence of a discrete time information transfer is
investigated. The formation of economic cycles is observed as a function of the
time of informat... | physics |
10,471 | On the exposure to mobile phone radiation in trains | physics.soc-ph | This report presents theoretical estimates of the Power Density levels which
may be reached inside trains. Two possible sources of high levels of radiation
are discussed. The first one arises since the walls of the wagons are metallic
and therefore bounce back almost all radiation impinging on them. The second is
due t... | physics |
10,472 | Predictability of Shanghai Stock Market by Agent-based Mix-game Model | physics.soc-ph | This paper reports the effort of using agent-based mix-game model to predict
financial time series. It introduces simple generic algorithm into the
prediction methodology, and gives an example of its application to forecasting
Shanghai Index. The results show that this prediction methodology is effective
and agent-base... | physics |
10,473 | Theoretical model for the evolution of the linguistic diversity | physics.soc-ph | Here we describe how some important scaling laws observed in the distribution
of languages on Earth can emerge from a simple computer simulation. The
proposed language dynamics includes processes of selective geographic
colonization, linguistic anomalous diffusion and mutation, and interaction
among populations that oc... | physics |
10,474 | Core-periphery organization of complex networks | physics.soc-ph | Networks may, or may not, be wired to have a core that is both itself densely
connected and central in terms of graph distance. In this study we propose a
coefficient to measure if the network has such a clear-cut core-periphery
dichotomy. We measure this coefficient for a number of real-world and model
networks and fi... | physics |
10,475 | Quantitive and sociological analysis of blog networks | physics.soc-ph | This paper examines the emerging phenomenon of blogging, using three
different Polish blogging services as the base of the research. Authors show
that blog networks are sharing their characteristics with complex networks
gamma coefficients, small worlds, cliques, etc.). Elements of sociometric
analysis were used to pro... | physics |
10,476 | Statistical analysis of 22 public transport networks in Poland | physics.soc-ph | Public transport systems in 22 Polish cities have been analyzed. Sizes of
these networks range from N=152 to N=2881. Depending on the assumed definition
of network topology the degree distribution can follow a power law or can be
described by an exponential function. Distributions of paths in all considered
networks ar... | physics |
10,477 | Economics: The next physical science? | physics.soc-ph | We review an emerging body of work by physicists addressing questions of
economic organization and function. We suggest that, beyond simply employing
models familiar from physics to economic observables, remarkable regularities
in economic data may suggest parts of social order that can usefully be
incorporated into, a... | physics |
10,478 | Discrete Simulation of the Dynamics of Opinions about Extremism | physics.soc-ph | We propose a discrete model for how opinion about a given phenomenon, about
which various groups of a population have different degrees of enthusiasm, such
as fanaticism and extreme social and political positions, including terrorism,
may spread. The model, in a certain limit, is the discrete analogue of a
deterministi... | physics |
10,479 | Network Marketing on a Small-World Network | physics.soc-ph | We investigate a dynamic model of network marketing in a small-world network
structure artificially constructed similarly to the Watts-Strogatz network
model. Different from the traditional marketing, consumers can also play the
role of the manufacturer's selling agents in network marketing, which is
stimulated by the ... | physics |
10,480 | Can a few fanatics influence the opinion of a large segment of a society? | physics.soc-ph | Models that provide insight into how extreme positions regarding any social
phenomenon may spread in a society or at the global scale are of great current
interest. A realistic model must account for the fact that globalization and
internet have given rise to scale-free networks of interactions between people.
We propo... | physics |
10,481 | Analysis of the Actual Scientific Inquiries of Physicists I -- Focused on research motivation | physics.soc-ph | This study was investigated to understand the in-depth features and processes
of physicists' scientific inquiries. At first, research motives were
investigated by interviewing six physicists who were prominent worldwide. As a
result, three main types - incompleteness, discovery, and conflict - and nine
subtypes of rese... | physics |
10,482 | Efficient routing on scale-free networks based on local information | physics.soc-ph | In this letter, we propose a new routing strategy with a single free
parameter $\alpha$ only based on local information of network topology. In
order to maximize the packets handling capacity of underlying structure that
can be measured by the critical point of continuous phase transition from free
flow to congestion, ... | physics |
10,483 | Relating the dynamics of road traffic in a stochastic cellular automaton to a macroscopic first-order model | physics.soc-ph | In this paper, we describe a relation between a microscopic traffic cellular
automaton (TCA) model (i.e., the stochastic TCA model of Nagel and
Schreckenberg) and the macroscopic first-order hydrodynamic model of Lighthill,
Whitham, and Richards (LWR). The innovative aspect of our approach, is that we
explicitly derive... | physics |
10,484 | The Age-Competency Model to the Study of the Age-Wage Profiles for Workers | physics.soc-ph | In this article, I present a new approach and a novel model to the study of
the life cycle of wages. The key idea is that wage can be thought as
remuneration paid for the competency. It is assumed with the approach that
there are three mechanisms acting at micro level and resulting in the change of
workers' competencie... | physics |
10,485 | A Study of the Leaky Pipeline Phenomenon for Women in Physics Past the Postdoctoral Level, and a Critique of the AIP 2005 report on Women in Physics and Astronomy | physics.soc-ph | The author has recently examined the departmental web pages of the `top 50'
physics research universities, as ranked by the National Research Council
(NRC). Most of the departmental web pages contained biographical data (ie; year
and institute of PhD, etc) of their faculty members. Of the approximately 1750
faculty mem... | physics |
10,486 | The agents' preferences and the topology of networks | physics.soc-ph | In this paper, a new framework to study weighed networks is introduced. The
idea behind this methodology is to consider that each node of the network is an
agent that desires to satisfy his/her preferences in an economic sense.
Moreover, the formation of a link between two agents depends on the benefits
and costs assoc... | physics |
10,487 | A 2-Dimensional Cellular Automaton for Agents Moving from Origins to Destinations | physics.soc-ph | We develop a two-dimensional cellular automaton (CA) as a simple model for
agents moving from origins to destinations. Each agent moves towards an empty
neighbor site corresponding to the minimal distance to its destination. The
stochasticity or noise ($p$) is introduced in the model dynamics, through the
uncertainty i... | physics |
10,488 | Alliance Prediction by Energy Minimization: Neutrality | physics.soc-ph | We extend the method of Axelrod and Bennetts for alliance prediction, based
very loosely on the Spin-Glass theory of magnetism, to include the possibility
of a neutral camp. We also explore the effect of physical separation between
players. Using the second European war data, we demonstrate that either one of
these ext... | physics |
10,489 | Science,technology and society | physics.soc-ph | We shall discuss some aspects of science and technology, their increasing
role in the society, the fast advances in modern science, the apparent decrease
of interest of the young generation in basic sciences, the importance of proper
science popularization for better public education and awareness in scientific
fields. | physics |
10,490 | Criterion for traffic phases in single vehicle data and empirical test of a microscopic three-phase traffic theory | physics.soc-ph | A microscopic criterion for distinguishing synchronized flow and wide moving
jam phases in single vehicle data measured at a single freeway location is
presented. Empirical local congested traffic states in single vehicle data
measured on different days are classified into synchronized flow states and
states consisting... | physics |
10,491 | Deterministic approach to microscopic three-phase traffic theory | physics.soc-ph | Two different deterministic microscopic traffic flow models, which are in the
context of the Kerner's there-phase traffic theory, are introduced. In an
acceleration time delay model (ATD-model), different time delays in driver
acceleration associated with driver behaviour in various local driving
situations are explici... | physics |
10,492 | Traffic Flow Theory | physics.soc-ph | The scientific field of traffic engineering encompasses a rich set of
mathematical techniques, as well as researchers with entirely different
backgrounds. This paper provides an overview of what is currently the
state-of-the-art with respect to traffic flow theory. Starting with a brief
history, we introduce the micros... | physics |
10,493 | Transportation Planning and Traffic Flow Models | physics.soc-ph | In this paper, we focus on the different traffic flow models that exist in
literature. Due to our frequently encountered confusion among traffic engineers
and policy makers, this paper goes into more detail about transportation
planning models on the one hand, and traffic flow models on the other hand. The
former deal ... | physics |
10,494 | Antimatter underestimated | physics.soc-ph | We warn of the potential nuclear proliferation's consequences of military
applications of nano- or microgram amounts of antimatter, such as triggering of
high-yield thermonuclear explosions, laser pumping, compact sources of energy,
directed-energy beams, and portable sources of muons. | physics |
10,495 | N-body decomposition of bipartite networks | physics.soc-ph | In this paper, we present a method to project co-authorship networks, that
accounts in detail for the geometrical structure of scientists collaborations.
By restricting the scope to 3-body interactions, we focus on the number of
triangles in the system, and show the importance of multi-scientists (more than
2) collabor... | physics |
10,496 | Disordered cellular automaton traffic flow model: Phase separated state, density waves and self organized criticality | physics.soc-ph | We suggest a disordered traffic flow model that captures many features of
traffic flow. It is an extension of the Nagel-Schreckenberg (NaSch) stochastic
cellular automata for single line vehicular traffic model. It incorporates
random acceleration and deceleration terms that may be greater than one unit.
Our model lead... | physics |
10,497 | Analytical investigation of oscillations in intersecting flows of pedestrian and vehicle traffic | physics.soc-ph | In two intersecting many-particle streams, one can often find the emergence
of oscillatory patterns. Here, we investigate the interaction of pedestrians
with vehicles, when they try to cross a road. A numerical study of this coupled
pedestrian-vehicle delay problem has been presented in a previous paper. Here,
we focus... | physics |
10,498 | Network of social groups or Let's have a party | physics.soc-ph | We present a simple model for growing up and depletion of parties due to the
permanent communication between the participants of the events. Because of the
rapid exchange of information, everybody is able to evaluate its own and and
all other parties by means of the list of its friends. Therefore the number of
particip... | physics |
10,499 | Dynamic Modeling of the Electric Transportation Network | physics.soc-ph | We introduce a model for the dynamic self-organization of the electric grid.
The model is characterized by a conserved magnitude, energy, that can travel
following the links of the network to satisfy nodes' load. The load fluctuates
in time causing local overloads that drive the dynamic evolution of the network
topolog... | physics |
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