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10,500 | Pick-up ion dynamics at the structured quasi-perpendicular shock | physics.space-ph | We study the pickup ion dynamics and mechanism of multiple reflection and
acceleration at the structured quasi-perpendicular supercritical shock. The
motion of the pickup ions in the shock is studied analytically and numerically
using the test particle analysis in the model shock front. The analysis shows
that slow pic... | physics |
10,501 | The determination of shock ramp width using the noncoplanar magnetic field component | physics.space-ph | We determine a simple expression for the ramp width of a collisionless fast
shock, based upon the relationship between the noncoplanar and main magnetic
field components. By comparing this predicted width with that measured during
an observation of a shock, the shock velocity can be determined from a single
spacecraft.... | physics |
10,502 | A New Pleiades Member at the Lithium Substellar Boundary | physics.space-ph | We present the discovery of an object in the Pleiades open cluster, named
Teide 2, with optical and infrared photometry which place it on the cluster
sequence slightly below the expected substellar mass limit. We have obtained
low- and high-resolution spectra that allow us to determine its spectral type
(M6), radial ve... | physics |
10,503 | UN/ESA Workshops on Basic Space Science: An Update on Their Achievements | physics.space-ph | During the second half of the twentieth century, expensive observatories are
being erected at La Silla (Chile), Mauna Kea (Hawai), Las Palmas (Canary
Island), and Calar Alto (Spain), to name a view. In 1990, at the beginning of
The Decade of Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics (Bahcall [2]), the UN/ESA
Workshops on... | physics |
10,504 | Modeling of Liquid Water on CM Meteorite Parent Bodies and Implications for Amino Acid Racemization | physics.space-ph | We have constructed an asteroid model with the intent of tracking the radial
and temporal dependence of temperature and composition throughout a 100-km
diameter CM-type parent body, with emphasis on constraining the temperature and
duration of a liquid water phase. We produce a non-uniform distribution where
liquid wat... | physics |
10,505 | Enhanced Phase Space Diffusion due to Chaos in Relativistic Electron- Whistler Mode Wave Particle Interactions in Planetary Magnetospheres | physics.space-ph | The chaotic interaction between electrons and whistler mode waves has been
shown to provide a mechanism for enhanced diffusion in phase space. Pitch angle
diffusion is relevant for the scattering of electrons into the loss cones, thus
providing a source for auroral precipitating electrons. A single whistler mode
wave p... | physics |
10,506 | 3-D extent of the main ionospheric trough--a case study | physics.space-ph | The EISCAT radar system has been used for the first time in a four-beam
meridional mode. The FAST satellite and ALIS imaging system is used in
conjunction to support the radar data, which was used to identify a main
ionospheric trough. With this large latitude coverage the trough was passed in
2.5 hours period. Its 3-d... | physics |
10,507 | Auroral field-aligned currents by incoherent scatter plasma line observations in the E region | physics.space-ph | The aim of the Swedish-Japanese EISCAT campaign in February 1999 was to
measure the ionospheric parameters inside and outside the auroral arcs. The ion
line radar experiment was optimised to probe the E-region and lower F-region
with as high a speed as possible. Two extra channels were used for the plasma
line measurem... | physics |
10,508 | Enhanced Pitch Angle Diffusion due to Electron-Whistler Interactions during Disturbed Times | physics.space-ph | During periods of increased magnetospheric activity, whistler wave emissions
have been observed with increased wave amplitudes. We consider a pitch angle
diffusion mechanism that is shown to scale with whistler wave amplitude and
hence is 'switched on' during these periods of intense activity.
We consider the interac... | physics |
10,509 | Test of Cosmic Spatial Isotropy for Polarized Electrons Using a Rotatable Torsion Balance | physics.space-ph | To test the cosmic spatial isotropy, we use a rotatable torsion balance
carrying a transversely spin-polarized ferrimagnetic Dy_{6}Fe_{23} mass. With a
rotation period of one hour, the period of anisotropy signal is reduced from
one sidereal day by about 24 times, and hence the 1/f noise is greatly reduced.
Our present... | physics |
10,510 | Rotatable-Torsion-Balance Equivalence Principleexperiment for the Spin-Polarized Hofe_{3} | physics.space-ph | We use a rotatable torsion balance to perform an equivalence principle test
on a magnetically shielded spin-polarized body of HoFe_{3}. With a rotation
period of one hour, the period of possible signal is reduced from one solar day
by 24 times, and hence the 1/f noise is greatly reduced. Our present
experimental result... | physics |
10,511 | Average observed properties of the Earth's quasi-perpendicular and quasi-parallel bow shock | physics.space-ph | We present a statistical analysis of 132 dayside (LT 0700-1700) bow shock
crossings of the AMPTE/IRM spacecraft. We perform a superposed epoch analysis
of plasma and magnetic field parameters as well as of low frequency magnetic
power spectra some minutes upstream and downstream of the bow shock by dividing
the events ... | physics |
10,512 | Particle Propagation Upstream of CIR Shocks | physics.space-ph | The first high solar latitude pass of the Ulysses spacecraft revealed the
presence of MeV particle increases up to latitudes above 60 degrees, well
outside the CIR belt but associated in time with the regular passage of these
plasma interfaces at more equatorial latitudes. The particle increases have
been explained var... | physics |
10,513 | Alfven Wave Generation by means of High Orbital Injection of Barium Cloud in Magnetosphere | physics.space-ph | An analysis of the Alfven wave generation associated with the barium vapor
release at altitudes ~ 5.2 Earth's radii (ER) in the magnetosphere is
presented. Such injections were executed in G-8 and G-10 experiments of the
Combined Radiation and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) mission. It is shown
that the generation... | physics |
10,514 | Preferential Acceleration of Coherent Magnetic Structures and Bursty Bulk Flows in Earth's Magnetotail | physics.space-ph | Observations indicate that the magnetotail convection is turbulent and
bi-modal, consisting of fast bursty bulk flows (BBF) and a nearly stagnant
background. We demonstrate that this observed phenomenon may be understood in
terms of the intermittent interactions, dynamic mergings and preferential
accelerations of coher... | physics |
10,515 | Gravitational Radiation and its Application to Space Travel, principles and required scientific developments | physics.space-ph | Gravitational radiation is an elusive form of radiation predicted by general
relativity, it is the subject of intense theoretical and experimental research
at the limit of the sensitivity of today's instrumentation. In spite of the
fact that no direct evidence of this radiation now exist, observed
astrophysical phenome... | physics |
10,516 | Laboratory Modelling of the Earth Radiation Belt | physics.space-ph | Method of the laboratory modeling of the Earth radiation belt is presented.
Method can be used for the estimation of consequences of global energetic and
communication projects realizations. | physics |
10,517 | Updating the Near-Earth Neutral Line Model | physics.space-ph | In the past thirty years the Near-Earth Neutral Line model for substorms has
been proven to be correct in its basic assumption, i.e., that a new neutral
line is created near the Earth during substorm onset. Yet there have also been
numerous changes and additions to this model, which were necessary to give a
more comple... | physics |
10,518 | In Situ Measurements of the Phobos Magnetic Field During the Phobos-2 Mission | physics.space-ph | In this communication, we examine in situ observations of the magnetic field
in the vicinity of Phobos on the "Phobos-2" mission and give some analysis of
the data during a unique experiment ``Celestial Mechanics,'' which leads to the
support of evidence of the Phobos magnetic field. In particular, it is
suggested that... | physics |
10,519 | Charged Grains In Saturn's F-Ring: Interaction With Saturn's Magnetic Field | physics.space-ph | Saturn's dynamic F-Ring still presents a challenge for understanding and
explaining the kinematic processes that lead to the changing structure visible
in our observations of this ring. This study examines the effect of Saturn's
magnetic field on the dynamics of micron-sized grains that may become
electrically charged ... | physics |
10,520 | Gravitoelectrodynamics in Saturn's F Ring: Encounters with Prometheus and Pandora | physics.space-ph | The dynamics of Saturn's F Ring have been a matter of curiosity ever since
Voyagers 1 and 2 sent back pictures of the ring's unusual features. Some of
these images showed three distinct ringlets with the outer two displaying a
kinked and braided appearance. Many models have been proposed to explain the
braiding seen in... | physics |
10,521 | Dusty Plasma Correlation Function Experiment | physics.space-ph | Dust particles immersed within a plasma environment, such as those in
protostellar clouds, planetary rings or cometary environments, will acquire an
electric charge. If the ratio of the inter-particle potential energy to the
average kinetic energy is high enough the particles will form either a "liquid"
structure with ... | physics |
10,522 | Finite Coulomb Crystal Formation | physics.space-ph | Dust particles immersed within a plasma environment, such as those found in
planetary rings or comets, will acquire an electric charge. If the ratio of the
inter-particle potential energy to average kinetic energy is large enough the
particles will form either a "liquid" structure with short-range ordering or a
crystal... | physics |
10,523 | Dust Grain Orbital Behavior Around Ceres | physics.space-ph | Many asteroids show indications they have undergone impacts with meteoroid
particles having radii between 0.01 m and 1 m. During such impacts, small dust
grains will be ejected at the impact site. The possibility of these dust grains
(with radii greater than 2.2x10-6 m) forming a halo around a spherical asteroid
(such ... | physics |
10,524 | Dynamics of Interplanetary Planetismal Rings | physics.space-ph | Among the problems yet to be solved by current theories of solar system
formation is the origin of the Jupiter-family comets. Several possibilities are
examined using a fifth-order Runge-Kutta algorithm. | physics |
10,525 | Orbits of Dust Ejecta From Ceres | physics.space-ph | The question of whether asteroid ejecta can enter stable orbits about the
parent body is examined. | physics |
10,526 | Gravitational Interactions Between Protoplanets and Planetismal Disks of Equal Mass | physics.space-ph | Numerical simulations show that planetesimal systems with unevenly
distributed masses may actually be more stable than those where all the bodies
are of roughly equal size. | physics |
10,527 | Isolated Electrostatic Structures Observed Throughout the Cluster Orbit: Relationship to Magnetic Field Strength | physics.space-ph | Isolated electrostatic structures are observed throughout much of the 4 Re by
19.6 Re Cluster orbit. These structures are observed in the Wideband plasma
wave instrument's waveform data as bipolar and tripolar pulses. These
structures are observed at all of the boundary layers, in the solar wind and
magnetosheath, and ... | physics |
10,528 | Relativistic Quasilinear Diffusion in Axisymmetric Magnetic Geometry for Arbitrary-Frequency Electromagnetic Fluctuations | physics.space-ph | A relativistic bounce-averaged quasilinear diffusion equation is derived to
describe stochastic particle transport associated with arbitrary-frequency
electromagnetic fluctuations in a nonuniform magnetized plasma. Expressions for
the elements of a relativistic quasilinear diffusion tensor are calculated
explicitly for... | physics |
10,529 | Titan's Atomic and Molecular Nitrogen Tori | physics.space-ph | Shematovich et al. (2003) recently showed plasma induced sputtering in
Titan's atmosphere is a source of neutral nitrogen in Saturn's magnetosphere
comparable to the photo-dissociation source. These sources form a toroidal
nitrogen cloud roughly centered at Titan's orbital radius but gravitationally
bound to Saturn. On... | physics |
10,530 | Stable Spatial Langmuir Solitons | physics.space-ph | We study localized two- and three-dimensional Langmuir solitons in the
framework of model based on generalized nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation that
accounts for local and nonlocal contributions to electron-electron
nonlinearity. General properties of solitons are investigated analytically and
numerically. Evolution of... | physics |
10,531 | Gravitation and Electromagnetic Wave Propagation with Negative Phase Velocity | physics.space-ph | Gravitation has interesting consequences for plane wave propagation in a
vacuum. The propagation of plane waves with phase velocity directed opposite to
the the time-averaged Poynting vector is investigated for a generally curved
spacetime. Conditions for such negative-phase-velocity (NPV) propagation are
established i... | physics |
10,532 | Reconnection in the Centre of the Near-Earth Plasma Sheet: Control by Plasma Drifts and Magnetic Flux Convection close to the Earth | physics.space-ph | Convection inside the magnetosphere can be regarded as the transfer of
magnetic flux and plasma from the magnetotail into the nightside and then
convection and drift from there to the dayside. As in many fluid flow
situations, the downstream flow (the convection and drift to the dayside) is an
important boundary condit... | physics |
10,533 | Fine structure of histograms of alpha-activity measurements depends on direction of alpha particles flow and the Earth rotation: experiments with collimators | physics.space-ph | The fine structure of histograms of measurements of 239Pu alpha-activity
varies periodically, and the period of these variations is equal to sidereal
day (1436 minutes). The periodicity is not observed in the experiments with
collimator that restricts the alpha particles flow to be oriented to the Polar
Star. Based on ... | physics |
10,534 | The specific form of histograms presenting the distribution of data of alpha-decay measurements appears simultaneously in the moment of New Moon in different points from Arctic to Antarctic | physics.space-ph | It is shown that fine structure of distributions of fluctuations in different
processes depends on position of the Earth with respect of the Moon. The same
form of histogram was observed at New Moon moment independently of geographic
position of laboratory and local time. Possible origin of the phenomenon is
discussed. | physics |
10,535 | Hypothetical Gravity Control and Possible Influence on Space Propulsion | physics.space-ph | In nearly all concepts invoked or proposed to change or shield gravity it is
intuitively assumed that manipulation of gravity automatically leads to a
breakthrough for propulsion. In this study it is shown, that even if gravity
could be hypothetically controlled along the manipulation schemes outlined, the
gains in ter... | physics |
10,536 | Experiments with rotating collimators cutting out pencil of alpha-particles at radioactive decay of Pu-239 evidence sharp anisotropy of space | physics.space-ph | As shown in our previous experiments fine structure of histograms of
alpha-activity measurements serve as a sensitive tool for investigation of
cosmo-physical influences. Particularly, the histograms structure is changed
with the period equal to sidereal (1436 min) and solar (1440) day. It is
similar with the high prob... | physics |
10,537 | Construction of a PZT Sensor Network for Low and Hypervelocity Impact Detection | physics.space-ph | Orbital debris is a constraint on the long-term health of any spacecraft and
must be considered during mission planning. Varying mechanisms have been
proposed to quantify the problem. Assessment of orbital debris employing
ground-based methods such as radar can help determine where debris clouds are
located as well as ... | physics |
10,538 | Cosmo-physical effects in structure of the daily and yearly periods of change in the shape of the histograms constructed by results of measurements of alpha-activity Pu-239 | physics.space-ph | As shown in the previous publications, the shape of the histograms
constructed by measurements of alpha-activity of samples of Pu-239, changes
with periods equal approximately 24 hours, 27 days, and a year. At a higher
resolution each of these periods splits as a minimum in two components: daily
period consists of two:... | physics |
10,539 | Triangle for the entropic index q of non-extensive statistical mechanics observed by Voyager 1 in the distant heliosphere | physics.space-ph | Tsallis identified a set of numbers, the q-triplet, (qstat, qsen, qrel), for
a system described by nonextensive statistical mechanics. The deviation of the
q's from unity is a measure of the departure from thermodynamic equilibrium. We
present observations of the q-triplets derived from two sets of daily averages
of th... | physics |
10,540 | Secular cycle of the north-south solar asymmetry | physics.space-ph | The North-South asymmetry of solar activity has been recognized for different
solar phenomena. Following Waldmeier, it is now assumed that solar activity
dominates in the Northern solar hemisphere during the ascending part of the
secular solar cycle, in the Southern one during the descending part, and in
epochs of secu... | physics |
10,541 | Analyze of multistage transfer orbit to reach the GEO orbit in a rotational symmetric gravitational field | physics.space-ph | Placing satellites in geostationary obital (GEO) is propellant exigeant. It
requires large propellant consumption that will take a large part of the total
mass. Hence the interest is reduce the mass of propellant loaded both in the
rocket and the satellite. Both for improving selection of transfer orbits and
propellant... | physics |
10,542 | Simulation Study of a Positive Ionospheric Storm Phase Observed at Millstone Hill | physics.space-ph | Simulation results from the NRL ionospheric model SAMI2 indicate that the
changes in the F-region over Millstone Hill during the geomagnetic storm
beginning on 3 April 2004 are primarily due to the influence of a long-lasting
eastward electric field, as was previously suggested by {\it Huang et al.}
[2005]. A simulatio... | physics |
10,543 | Possible correlation between cosmic ray variation and atmosphere parameters (present status and future activities at BEO Moussala and Alomar observatory) | physics.space-ph | In this revue are presented several present activities and experiments at
Alomar observatory and BEO Moussala and the possibility to investigate the
influence of cosmic ray on climate parameters and the impact of cosmic ray to
climate change. The general aim of these experiments is to study the possible
correlation bet... | physics |
10,544 | Plasma Depletion and Mirror Waves Ahead of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections | physics.space-ph | We find that the sheath regions between fast interplanetary coronal mass
ejections (ICMEs) and their preceding shocks are often characterized by plasma
depletion and mirror wave structures, analogous to planetary magnetosheaths. A
case study of these signatures in the sheath of a magnetic cloud (MC) shows
that a plasma... | physics |
10,545 | Solar Wind Electric Fields in the Ion Cyclotron Frequency Range | physics.space-ph | Measurements of fluctuations of electric fields in the frequency range from a
fraction of one Hz to 12.5 Hz are presented, and corrected for the Lorentz
transformation of magnetic fluctuations to give the electric fields in the
plasma frame. The electric fields are large enough to provide the dominant
force on the ions... | physics |
10,546 | Venus-Solar Wind Interaction: Asymmetries and the Escape of O+ Ions | physics.space-ph | We study the interaction between Venus and the solar wind using a global
three-dimensional self-consistent quasi-neutral hybrid (QNH) model. The model
treats ions (H+, O+) as particles and electrons as a massless charge
neutralising fluid. In the analysed Parker spiral interplanetary magnetic field
(IMF) case (IMF = [8... | physics |
10,547 | Asymmetries in Mars' Exosphere: Implications for X-ray and ENA Imaging | physics.space-ph | Observations and simulations show that Mars' atmosphere has large seasonal
variations. Total atmospheric density can have an order of magnitude
latitudinal variation at exobase heights. By numerical simulations we show that
these latitude variations in exobase parameters induce asymmetries in the
hydrogen exosphere tha... | physics |
10,548 | Resolved Hubble Space spectroscopy of ultracool binary systems | physics.space-ph | Using the low-resolution mode of the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph
(STIS) aboard the \emph{Hubble Space Telescope} (HST), we have obtained
spatially resolved spectra of 20 ultracool dwarfs. 18 of them belong to 9 known
very low-mass binary systems with angular separations in the range 0.37-0.098
arcseconds. We h... | physics |
10,549 | Constraints on the Global Structure of Magnetic Clouds: Transverse Size and Curvature | physics.space-ph | We present direct evidence that magnetic clouds (MCs) have highly flattened
and curved cross section resulting from their interaction with the ambient
solar wind. Lower limits on the transverse size are obtained for three MCs
observed by ACE and Ulysses from the latitudinal separation between the two
spacecraft, rangin... | physics |
10,550 | Notes on the Dipole Coordinate System | physics.space-ph | A strong magnetic field can make it advantageous to work in a coordinate
system aligned with dipolar field lines. This monograph collect the formulas
for some of the most frequently used expressions and operations in dipole
coordinates. | physics |
10,551 | Spacecraft at Small NEO | physics.space-ph | The impact risk has been sharply curtailed for the largest km-sized Near
Earth Objects (NEOs) through a concerted period of observation spanning the
last decade. Thus the risk of impact has now migrated to the smaller and more
numerous members of the Near Earth Object (NEO) population. Characterization
and mitigation m... | physics |
10,552 | Systematic Characterization of Low Frequency Electric and Magnetic Field Data Applicable to Solar Orbiter | physics.space-ph | We present a systematic and physically motivated characterization of
incoherent or coherent electric and magnetic fields, as measured for instance
by the low frequency receiver on-board the Solar Orbiter spacecraft. The
characterization utilizes the 36 auto/cross correlations of the 3+3 complex
Cartesian components of ... | physics |
10,553 | Neutron and Muon Flux Measurements at BEO Moussala towards to Space Weather Research | physics.space-ph | The existing and in development devices at Basic Environmental Observatory
(BEO) Moussala are presented, precisely the experiments connected with space
weather and astroparticle studies. The recent results of the secondary cosmic
ray measurements using atmospheric Cherenkov light telescope are presented
precisely the p... | physics |
10,554 | On the role of superconducting shields for propellantless propulsion | physics.space-ph | We critically review our recent claims that it is possible to obtain a
propellantless propulsion device similar to electrodynamic tethers by means of
a closed wire partially shielded by a superconductor from the outer magnetic
field. We find that such a device is not possible as it violates basic physical
laws. Further... | physics |
10,555 | A stability catalogue of the habitable zones in extrasolar planetary systems | physics.space-ph | In the near future there will be launched space missions (e.g. COROT,
KEPLER), designed to detect Earth-like extrasolar planets. The orbital elements
of these (still hypothetic) planets will contain some uncertainties, that can
only be eliminated by careful dynamical investigations of the hosting planetary
systems. The... | physics |
10,556 | Long-term variations in the correlation between NAO and solar activity: the importance of North-South solar activity asymmetry for atmospheric circulation | physics.space-ph | General atmospheric circulation is the system of atmospheric motions over the
Earth on the scale of the whole globe. Two main types of circulation have been
identified: zonal - characterized by low amplitude waves in the troposphere
moving quickly from west to east, and meridional with stationary high amplitude
waves w... | physics |
10,557 | Long-term variations in solar meridional circulation from geomagnetic data: implications for solar dynamo theory | physics.space-ph | Geomagnetic activity has two main peaks in the 11-year sunspot cycle caused
by two types of solar agents: coronal mass ejections and high speed solar wind
streams, whose variations in number and intensity are related to the variations
in solar toroidal and poloidal fields, respectively. From the long-term
variations in... | physics |
10,558 | Zakharov simulation study of spectral features of on-demand Langmuir turbulence in an inhomogeneous plasma | physics.space-ph | We have performed a simulation study of Langmuir turbulence in the Earth's
ionosphere by means of a Zakharov model with parameters relevant for the F
layer. The model includes dissipative terms to model collisions and Landau
damping of the electrons and ions, and a linear density profile, which models
the ionospheric p... | physics |
10,559 | Modelling long-term trends in lunar exposure to the Earth's plasmasheet | physics.space-ph | This paper shows how the exposure of the Moon to the Earth's plasmasheet is
subject to decadal variations due to lunar precession. The latter is a key
property of the Moon's apparent orbit around the Earth - the nodes of that
orbit precess around the ecliptic, completing one revolution every 18.6 years.
This precession... | physics |
10,560 | Structure on Interplanetary Shock Fronts: Type II Radio Burst Source Regions | physics.space-ph | We present \emph{in situ} observations of the source regions of
interplanetary (IP) type II radio bursts, using data from the Wind spacecraft
during the period 1996-2002. We show the results of this survey as well as
in-depth analysis of several individual events. Each event analyzed in detail
is associated with an int... | physics |
10,561 | Deformation of electron holes in phase space as prerequisite for narrow band maser emission: A qualitative discussion | physics.space-ph | A qualitative discussion is given of the role electron holes play in
generating fine structure on the electron cyclotron maser radiation. It is
argued that electron holes become deformed in phase space when interacting with
an incomplete ring or horseshoe distribution which occurs in the presence of
strong field aligne... | physics |
10,562 | Parker Problem in Hall Magnetohydrodynamics | physics.space-ph | Parker problem in Hall magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is considered. Poloidal
shear into the toroidal flow generated by the Hall effect is incorporated. This
is found to lead to a {\it triple deck} structure for the Parker problem in
Hall MHD, with the magnetic field falling off in the intermediate
Hall-resistive region mo... | physics |
10,563 | Full-scale simulation study of a generalized Zakharov model for the generation of topside ionospheric turbulence | physics.space-ph | We present a full-scale simulation study of a generalized Zakharov model for
the generation of the topside electrostatic turbulence due to the parametric
instability during ionospheric heating experiments near the F region peak. The
nonlinear tunneling of electromagnetic waves through the ionospheric layer is
attribute... | physics |
10,564 | Comment on "CAWSES November 7-8, 2004, superstorm: Complex solar and interplanetary features in the post-solar maximum phase" by B. T. Tsurutani, E. Echer, F. L. Guarnieri, and J. U. Kozyra | physics.space-ph | Recently Tsurutani et al., (2008) (Paper 1) analyzed the complex
interplanetary structures during 7 to 8 November, 2004 to identify their
properties as well as resultant geomagnetic effects and the solar origins.
Besides mentioned paper by Gopalswamy et al., (2006) the solar and
interplanetary sources of geomagnetic st... | physics |
10,565 | Distinct Scaling Regimes of Energy Release Dynamics in the Nighttime Magnetosphere | physics.space-ph | Based on a spatiotemporal analysis of POLAR UVI images, we show that the
auroral emission events that initiate equatorward of the isotropic boundary
(IB) obtained from a time-dependent empirical model, have systematically
steeper power-law slopes of energy, power, area and lifetime probability
distributions compared to... | physics |
10,566 | Copernicus's epicycles from Newton's gravitational force law via linear perturbation theory in geometric algebra | physics.space-ph | We derive Copernicus's epicycles from Newton's gravitational force law by
assuming that a planet's orbit is a perturbed circular orbit, with the
perturbation defined to be co-rotating with the said orbit. We substitute this
orbit expression into Newton's gravitation law and showed that the perturbation
satisfies the li... | physics |
10,567 | Observational evidence of CMEs interacting in the inner heliosphere as inferred from MHD simulations | physics.space-ph | The interaction of multiple Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) has been observed
by LASCO coronagraphs and by near-Earth spacecraft, and it is thought to be an
important cause of geo-effective storms, large Solar Energetic Particles events
and intense Type II radio bursts. New and future missions such as STEREO, the
LWS Sen... | physics |
10,568 | On the competition between the mirror and electromagnetic ion cyclotron modes | physics.space-ph | We give a simple argument for the exclusive existence of mirror and
electromaghetic ion cyclotron modes in anisotropic high-$\beta$ plasmas. It is
shown that, in addition to a large domain of coexistence of both modes, two
domains exist in parameter space $(A,\beta_\perp)$ where solely either mirror
modes or electromag... | physics |
10,569 | Space Weathering on Near-Earth Objects investigated by neutral-particle detection | physics.space-ph | The ion-sputtering (IS) process is active in many planetary environments in
the Solar System where plasma precipitates directly on the surface (for
instance, Mercury, Moon, Europa). In particular, solar-wind sputtering is one
of the most important agents for the surface erosion of a Near-Earth Object
(NEO), acting toge... | physics |
10,570 | Microscopic Approach to Analyze Solar-Sail Space-Environment Effects | physics.space-ph | Near-sun space-environment effects on metallic thin films solar sails as well
as hollow-body sails with inflation fill gas are considered. Analysis of
interaction of the solar radiation with the solar sail materials is presented.
This analysis evaluates worst-case solar radiation effects during
solar-radiation-pressure... | physics |
10,571 | Data Analysis and Phase Ambiguity Removal in the ACES Microwave Link | physics.space-ph | The ACES (Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space) mission is an ESA - CNES project
with the aim of setting up onboard the International Space Station (ISS)
several highly stable atomic clocks with a microwave communication link (MWL).
The specifications of the MWL are to perform ground to space time and frequency
comparisons w... | physics |
10,572 | Resistive scales for collisionless reconnection in space plasma | physics.space-ph | We derive restrictions on collisional reconnection under the conditions in
near-Earth space. The arguments are based on the precise definition and
estimates of the resistive scale $L_\eta$ at the ion inertial site in
collisionless reconnection, i.e. in the so-called `ion diffusion region' which
is the region of Hall-cu... | physics |
10,573 | On the linear mirror mode threshold in high-$β$ space plasma | physics.space-ph | The linear threshold condition of the mirror mode including weak drift and
finite Larmor radius effects is analysed and shown that it can be given to
arbitrary precision in closed analytical form. Combined with observations of
mirror modes in the magnetosheath it is shown that only magnetic `dips' are
produced by the m... | physics |
10,574 | Solar-Terrestrial Simulation in the STEREO Era: The January 24-25, 2007 Eruptions | physics.space-ph | The SECCHI instruments aboard the recently launched STEREO spacecraft enable
for the first time the continuous tracking of coronal mass ejections (CMEs)
from the Sun to 1 AU. We analyze line-of-sight observations of the January
24-25, 2007 CMEs and fill the 20-hour gap in SECCHI coverage in January 25 by
performing a n... | physics |
10,575 | Study of the Pioneer Anomaly: A scientific detective story | physics.space-ph | NASA's first two deep space missions, Pioneers 10 and 11, have been
travelling through the outer solar system for three decades. A slight deviation
from their calculated trajectories presents an as yet unsolved scientific
mystery. The use of recently recovered Doppler and telemetry data may help us
develop a better und... | physics |
10,576 | Laboratory evidence for the non-detection of excited nascent H2 in dark clouds | physics.space-ph | There has always been a great deal of interest in the formation of H2 as well
as in the binding energy released upon its formation on the surface of dust
grains. The present work aims at collecting experimental evidence for how the
bond energy budget of H2 is distributed between the reaction site and the
internal energ... | physics |
10,577 | Two recent kHz outer heliospheric radio emissions seen at Voyager 1-What are the interplanetary events that trigger them and where are these events when the radio emissions start? | physics.space-ph | We have examined instigating events at the Sun that may be responsible for
two of the most recent outer heliospheric kHz emissions detected by the
University of Iowa plasma wave detector on Voyager 1 starting at 2004.64 and
2006.39, respectively. These interplanetary events have been followed outward
from the Sun using... | physics |
10,578 | Spacecraft Charging and Hazards to Electronics in Space | physics.space-ph | The interaction of a space system with its orbital environment is a major
consideration in the design of any space system, since a variety of hazards are
associated with the operation of spacecraft in the harsh space environment. In
this brief review, two types of hazards to Earth-orbiting spacecraft are
discussed: spa... | physics |
10,579 | A Zero-Gravity Instrument to Study Low Velocity Collisions of Fragile Particles at Low Temperatures | physics.space-ph | We discuss the design, operation, and performance of a vacuum setup
constructed for use in zero (or reduced) gravity conditions to initiate
collisions of fragile millimeter-sized particles at low velocity and
temperature. Such particles are typically found in many astronomical settings
and in regions of planet formatio... | physics |
10,580 | Two Types of Dynamic Cool Coronal Structures Observed with STEREO and HINODE | physics.space-ph | Solar coronal loops show significant plasma motions during their formation
and eruption stages. Dynamic cool coronal structures, on the other hand, are
often observed to propagate along coronal loops. In this paper, we report on
the discovery of two types of dynamic cool coronal structures, and characterize
their funda... | physics |
10,581 | Innovative methods of correlation and orbit determination for space debris | physics.space-ph | We propose two algorithms to provide a full preliminary orbit of an
Earth-orbiting object with a number of observations lower than the classical
methods, such as those by Laplace and Gauss. The first one is the Virtual
debris algorithm, based upon the admissible region, that is the set of the
unknown quantities corresp... | physics |
10,582 | An Analytical Method for Calculating the Satellite Bow Shock/Magnetopause Interception Positions and Times | physics.space-ph | This paper contains a presentation of analytical solution of the problem of
calculating the places and moments of intersection of satellite trajectories
with elements of the Earth's magnetosphere (bow shock and magnetopause). The
satellite motion is presented in a Kepler's approximation. Magnetopause and bow
shock are ... | physics |
10,583 | Improved orbit predictions using two-line elements | physics.space-ph | The density of orbital space debris constitutes an increasing environmental
challenge. There are three ways to alleviate the problem: debris mitigation,
debris removal and collision avoidance. This paper addresses collision
avoidance, by describing a method that contributes to achieving a requisite
increase in orbit pr... | physics |
10,584 | Analytical Method for Verification of a Satellite Pass over a Region of the Earth Surface | physics.space-ph | An analytical method is proposed in this work for verification whether an
artificial earth satellite during its orbital motion passes over a region of
the earth surface. The method is based on undisturbed Keppler's approximation
of the orbit and approximation of the region by a circular segment S. In order
to define th... | physics |
10,585 | Inhomogeneous whistler turbulence in low beta space plasmas | physics.space-ph | A nonlinear two dimensional fluid model of whistler turbulence is developed
that nonlinearly couples wave magnetic field with electron density
perturbations. This coupling leads essentially to finite compressibility
effects in whistler turbulence model. Interestingly it is found from our
simulations that despite strong... | physics |
10,586 | SAI: a compact atom interferometer for future space missions | physics.space-ph | Atom interferometry represents a quantum leap in the technology for the
ultra-precise monitoring of accelerations and rotations and, therefore, for all
the science that relies on the latter quantities. These sensors evolved from a
new kind of optics based on matter-waves rather than light-waves and might
result in an a... | physics |
10,587 | Kappa distributions: theory and applications in space plasmas | physics.space-ph | Particle velocity distribution functions (VDF) in space plasmas often show
non Maxwellian suprathermal tails decreasing as a power law of the velocity.
Such distributions are well fitted by the so-called Kappa distribution. The
presence of such distributions in different space plasmas suggests a universal
mechanism for... | physics |
10,588 | Simulation of Flux Emergence from the Convection Zone to the Corona | physics.space-ph | Here, we present numerical simulations of magnetic flux buoyantly rising from
a granular convection zone into the low corona. We study the complex
interaction of the magnetic field with the turbulent plasma. The model includes
the radiative loss terms, non-ideal equations of state, and empirical corona
heating. We find... | physics |
10,589 | Statistics of magnetic field fluctuations in a partially ionized space plasma | physics.space-ph | {\em Voyager 1} and {\em 2} data reveals that magnetic field fluctuations are
compressive and exhibit a Gaussian distribution in the compressed heliosheath
plasma, whereas they follow a lognormal distribution in a nearly incompressible
supersonic solar wind plasma. To describe the evolution of magnetic field, we
develo... | physics |
10,590 | From Micro- to Macro-scales in the Heliosphere and Magnetospheres | physics.space-ph | From a broader perspective, the heliosphere and planetary magnetospheres
provide a test bed to explore the plasma physics of the Universe. In
particular, the underlying nonlinear coupling of different spatial and temporal
scales plays a key role in determining the structure and dynamics of space
plasmas and electromagn... | physics |
10,591 | Dispersive magnetized waves in the solar wind plasma | physics.space-ph | We derive a generalized linear dispersion relation of waves in a strongly
magnetized, compressible, homogeneous and isotropic quasineutral plasma.
Starting from a two fluid model, describing distinguishable electron and ion
fluids, we obtain a six order linear dispersion relation of magnetized waves
that contains effec... | physics |
10,592 | Solar Polar Fields During Cycles 21 --- 23: Correlation with Meridional Flows | physics.space-ph | We have examined polar magnetic fields for the last three solar cycles,
{$\it{viz.}$}, cycles 21, 22 and 23 using NSO Kitt Peak synoptic magnetograms.
In addition, we have used SoHO/MDI magnetograms to derive the polar fields
during cycle 23. Both Kitt Peak and MDI data at high latitudes
(78${^{\circ}}$--90${^{\circ}}$... | physics |
10,593 | Unique Observations of a Geomagnetic SI^+ -- SI^- Pair: Solar Sources and Associated Solar Wind Fluctuations | physics.space-ph | The paper describes the occurrence of a pair of oppositely directed sudden
impulses (SI), in the geomagnetic field ($\Delta$X), at ground stations, called
SI${^{+}}$ -- SI${^{-}}$ pairs, that occurred between 1835 UT and 2300 UT on 23
April 1998. The SI${^{+}}$ -- SI${^{-}}$ pair, was closely correlated with
correspond... | physics |
10,594 | Mapping of the cosmic ray events related to the solar activity for the period 2003-2005 | physics.space-ph | The relationship between cosmic ray intensity decreases and solar events is
still an open field of space research. In this work a complete study of solar
events occurred from January 2003 to December 2005, is considered. This
three-years time period characterized by an unexpected activity of the Sun was
divided into 27... | physics |
10,595 | Dynamics of solar wind protons reflected by the Moon | physics.space-ph | Solar system bodies that lack a significant atmosphere and significant
internal magnetic fields, such as the Moon and asteroids, have been considered
as passive absorbers of the solar wind. However, ion observations near the Moon
by the SELENE spacecraft show that a fraction of the impacting solar wind
protons are refl... | physics |
10,596 | Solar wind driving of magnetospheric ULF waves: Field line resonances driven by dynamic pressure fluctuations | physics.space-ph | Several observational studies suggest that solar wind dynamic pressure
fluctuations can drive magnetospheric ultra-low frequency (ULF) waves on the
dayside. To investigate this causal relationship, we present results from
Lyon-Fedder-Mobarry (LFM) global, three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD)
simulations of the s... | physics |
10,597 | Low-Velocity Impacts on PVDF Targets Using a Light Gas Gun | physics.space-ph | Orbital debris is a constraint on the long-term health of any spacecraft and
must be consi-dered during mission planning. Varying mechanisms have been
proposed to quantify the problem. Accurate in-situ data is essential with
various types of sensors designed to detect orbital debris impacts employed on
space missions s... | physics |
10,598 | How to defuse Earth impact threat announcements | physics.space-ph | Summary: In the past decade both scientists and laymen have probably heard at
least once through the newspapers, TV and Internet that a new asteroid has been
discovered with non-zero (sometimes "high") probability of collision with the
Earth in the near future. Since early 2000's, such probabilities are routinely
calcu... | physics |
10,599 | Ionizing wave via high-power HF acceleration | physics.space-ph | Recent ionospheric modification experiments with the 3.6 MW transmitter at
the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) facility in Alaska
led to discovery of artificial ionization descending from the nominal
interaction altitude in the background F-region ionosphere by ~60 km. This
paper presents a physi... | physics |
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