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Dual Recurrent Attention Units for Visual Question Answering
cs.AI
We propose an architecture for VQA which utilizes recurrent layers to generate visual and textual attention. The memory characteristic of the proposed recurrent attention units offers a rich joint embedding of visual and textual features and enables the model to reason relations between several parts of the image and q...
computer science
1
Sequential Short-Text Classification with Recurrent and Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.CL
Recent approaches based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) have shown promising results for short-text classification. However, many short texts occur in sequences (e.g., sentences in a document or utterances in a dialog), and most existing ANN-based systems do not leverage the preceding short texts when classifying ...
computer science
2
Multiresolution Recurrent Neural Networks: An Application to Dialogue Response Generation
cs.CL
We introduce the multiresolution recurrent neural network, which extends the sequence-to-sequence framework to model natural language generation as two parallel discrete stochastic processes: a sequence of high-level coarse tokens, and a sequence of natural language tokens. There are many ways to estimate or learn the ...
computer science
3
Learning what to share between loosely related tasks
stat.ML
Multi-task learning is motivated by the observation that humans bring to bear what they know about related problems when solving new ones. Similarly, deep neural networks can profit from related tasks by sharing parameters with other networks. However, humans do not consciously decide to transfer knowledge between task...
computer science
4
A Deep Reinforcement Learning Chatbot
cs.CL
We present MILABOT: a deep reinforcement learning chatbot developed by the Montreal Institute for Learning Algorithms (MILA) for the Amazon Alexa Prize competition. MILABOT is capable of conversing with humans on popular small talk topics through both speech and text. The system consists of an ensemble of natural langu...
computer science
5
Generating Sentences by Editing Prototypes
cs.CL
We propose a new generative model of sentences that first samples a prototype sentence from the training corpus and then edits it into a new sentence. Compared to traditional models that generate from scratch either left-to-right or by first sampling a latent sentence vector, our prototype-then-edit model improves perp...
computer science
6
A Deep Reinforcement Learning Chatbot (Short Version)
cs.CL
We present MILABOT: a deep reinforcement learning chatbot developed by the Montreal Institute for Learning Algorithms (MILA) for the Amazon Alexa Prize competition. MILABOT is capable of conversing with humans on popular small talk topics through both speech and text. The system consists of an ensemble of natural langu...
computer science
7
Document Image Coding and Clustering for Script Discrimination
cs.CV
The paper introduces a new method for discrimination of documents given in different scripts. The document is mapped into a uniformly coded text of numerical values. It is derived from the position of the letters in the text line, based on their typographical characteristics. Each code is considered as a gray level. Ac...
computer science
8
Tutorial on Answering Questions about Images with Deep Learning
cs.CV
Together with the development of more accurate methods in Computer Vision and Natural Language Understanding, holistic architectures that answer on questions about the content of real-world images have emerged. In this tutorial, we build a neural-based approach to answer questions about images. We base our tutorial on ...
computer science
9
pix2code: Generating Code from a Graphical User Interface Screenshot
cs.LG
Transforming a graphical user interface screenshot created by a designer into computer code is a typical task conducted by a developer in order to build customized software, websites, and mobile applications. In this paper, we show that deep learning methods can be leveraged to train a model end-to-end to automatically...
computer science
10
A Unified Deep Neural Network for Speaker and Language Recognition
cs.CL
Learned feature representations and sub-phoneme posteriors from Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have been used separately to produce significant performance gains for speaker and language recognition tasks. In this work we show how these gains are possible using a single DNN for both speaker and language recognition. The u...
computer science
11
Efficient Neural Architecture Search via Parameter Sharing
cs.LG
We propose Efficient Neural Architecture Search (ENAS), a fast and inexpensive approach for automatic model design. In ENAS, a controller learns to discover neural network architectures by searching for an optimal subgraph within a large computational graph. The controller is trained with policy gradient to select a su...
computer science
12
Building Machines That Learn and Think Like People
cs.AI
Recent progress in artificial intelligence (AI) has renewed interest in building systems that learn and think like people. Many advances have come from using deep neural networks trained end-to-end in tasks such as object recognition, video games, and board games, achieving performance that equals or even beats humans ...
computer science
13
Towards Bayesian Deep Learning: A Survey
stat.ML
While perception tasks such as visual object recognition and text understanding play an important role in human intelligence, the subsequent tasks that involve inference, reasoning and planning require an even higher level of intelligence. The past few years have seen major advances in many perception tasks using deep ...
computer science
14
Hierarchical Deep Reinforcement Learning: Integrating Temporal Abstraction and Intrinsic Motivation
cs.LG
Learning goal-directed behavior in environments with sparse feedback is a major challenge for reinforcement learning algorithms. The primary difficulty arises due to insufficient exploration, resulting in an agent being unable to learn robust value functions. Intrinsically motivated agents can explore new behavior for ...
computer science
15
Learning Features by Watching Objects Move
cs.CV
This paper presents a novel yet intuitive approach to unsupervised feature learning. Inspired by the human visual system, we explore whether low-level motion-based grouping cues can be used to learn an effective visual representation. Specifically, we use unsupervised motion-based segmentation on videos to obtain segme...
computer science
16
Domain Adaptive Neural Networks for Object Recognition
cs.CV
We propose a simple neural network model to deal with the domain adaptation problem in object recognition. Our model incorporates the Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) measure as a regularization in the supervised learning to reduce the distribution mismatch between the source and target domains in the latent space. From ...
computer science
17
Beyond Temporal Pooling: Recurrence and Temporal Convolutions for Gesture Recognition in Video
cs.CV
Recent studies have demonstrated the power of recurrent neural networks for machine translation, image captioning and speech recognition. For the task of capturing temporal structure in video, however, there still remain numerous open research questions. Current research suggests using a simple temporal feature pooling...
computer science
18
Telugu OCR Framework using Deep Learning
stat.ML
In this paper, we address the task of Optical Character Recognition(OCR) for the Telugu script. We present an end-to-end framework that segments the text image, classifies the characters and extracts lines using a language model. The segmentation is based on mathematical morphology. The classification module, which is ...
computer science
19
Adversarial Feature Learning
cs.LG
The ability of the Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) framework to learn generative models mapping from simple latent distributions to arbitrarily complex data distributions has been demonstrated empirically, with compelling results showing that the latent space of such generators captures semantic variation in the...
computer science
20
The Mythos of Model Interpretability
cs.LG
Supervised machine learning models boast remarkable predictive capabilities. But can you trust your model? Will it work in deployment? What else can it tell you about the world? We want models to be not only good, but interpretable. And yet the task of interpretation appears underspecified. Papers provide diverse and s...
computer science
21
Neurogenesis-Inspired Dictionary Learning: Online Model Adaption in a Changing World
cs.LG
In this paper, we focus on online representation learning in non-stationary environments which may require continuous adaptation of model architecture. We propose a novel online dictionary-learning (sparse-coding) framework which incorporates the addition and deletion of hidden units (dictionary elements), and is inspi...
computer science
22
Borrowing Treasures from the Wealthy: Deep Transfer Learning through Selective Joint Fine-tuning
cs.CV
Deep neural networks require a large amount of labeled training data during supervised learning. However, collecting and labeling so much data might be infeasible in many cases. In this paper, we introduce a source-target selective joint fine-tuning scheme for improving the performance of deep learning tasks with insuf...
computer science
23
Aligned Image-Word Representations Improve Inductive Transfer Across Vision-Language Tasks
cs.CV
An important goal of computer vision is to build systems that learn visual representations over time that can be applied to many tasks. In this paper, we investigate a vision-language embedding as a core representation and show that it leads to better cross-task transfer than standard multi-task learning. In particular...
computer science
24
Universal Adversarial Perturbations Against Semantic Image Segmentation
stat.ML
While deep learning is remarkably successful on perceptual tasks, it was also shown to be vulnerable to adversarial perturbations of the input. These perturbations denote noise added to the input that was generated specifically to fool the system while being quasi-imperceptible for humans. More severely, there even exi...
computer science
25
The loss surface of deep and wide neural networks
cs.LG
While the optimization problem behind deep neural networks is highly non-convex, it is frequently observed in practice that training deep networks seems possible without getting stuck in suboptimal points. It has been argued that this is the case as all local minima are close to being globally optimal. We show that thi...
computer science
26
Semantically Decomposing the Latent Spaces of Generative Adversarial Networks
cs.LG
We propose a new algorithm for training generative adversarial networks that jointly learns latent codes for both identities (e.g. individual humans) and observations (e.g. specific photographs). By fixing the identity portion of the latent codes, we can generate diverse images of the same subject, and by fixing the ob...
computer science
27
Variants of RMSProp and Adagrad with Logarithmic Regret Bounds
cs.LG
Adaptive gradient methods have become recently very popular, in particular as they have been shown to be useful in the training of deep neural networks. In this paper we have analyzed RMSProp, originally proposed for the training of deep neural networks, in the context of online convex optimization and show $\sqrt{T}$-...
computer science
28
ALICE: Towards Understanding Adversarial Learning for Joint Distribution Matching
stat.ML
We investigate the non-identifiability issues associated with bidirectional adversarial training for joint distribution matching. Within a framework of conditional entropy, we propose both adversarial and non-adversarial approaches to learn desirable matched joint distributions for unsupervised and supervised tasks. We...
computer science
29
A systematic study of the class imbalance problem in convolutional neural networks
cs.CV
In this study, we systematically investigate the impact of class imbalance on classification performance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and compare frequently used methods to address the issue. Class imbalance is a common problem that has been comprehensively studied in classical machine learning, yet very lim...
computer science
30
Regularization for Deep Learning: A Taxonomy
cs.LG
Regularization is one of the crucial ingredients of deep learning, yet the term regularization has various definitions, and regularization methods are often studied separately from each other. In our work we present a systematic, unifying taxonomy to categorize existing methods. We distinguish methods that affect data,...
computer science
31
Clustering with Deep Learning: Taxonomy and New Methods
cs.LG
Clustering is a fundamental machine learning method. The quality of its results is dependent on the data distribution. For this reason, deep neural networks can be used for learning better representations of the data. In this paper, we propose a systematic taxonomy for clustering with deep learning, in addition to a re...
computer science
32
Coarse to fine non-rigid registration: a chain of scale-specific neural networks for multimodal image alignment with application to remote sensing
cs.CV
We tackle here the problem of multimodal image non-rigid registration, which is of prime importance in remote sensing and medical imaging. The difficulties encountered by classical registration approaches include feature design and slow optimization by gradient descent. By analyzing these methods, we note the significa...
computer science
33
Describing Videos by Exploiting Temporal Structure
stat.ML
Recent progress in using recurrent neural networks (RNNs) for image description has motivated the exploration of their application for video description. However, while images are static, working with videos requires modeling their dynamic temporal structure and then properly integrating that information into a natural...
computer science
34
Collaborative Recurrent Autoencoder: Recommend while Learning to Fill in the Blanks
cs.LG
Hybrid methods that utilize both content and rating information are commonly used in many recommender systems. However, most of them use either handcrafted features or the bag-of-words representation as a surrogate for the content information but they are neither effective nor natural enough. To address this problem, w...
computer science
35
Sentiment Classification using Images and Label Embeddings
cs.CL
In this project we analysed how much semantic information images carry, and how much value image data can add to sentiment analysis of the text associated with the images. To better understand the contribution from images, we compared models which only made use of image data, models which only made use of text data, an...
computer science
36
Natural-Parameter Networks: A Class of Probabilistic Neural Networks
cs.LG
Neural networks (NN) have achieved state-of-the-art performance in various applications. Unfortunately in applications where training data is insufficient, they are often prone to overfitting. One effective way to alleviate this problem is to exploit the Bayesian approach by using Bayesian neural networks (BNN). Anothe...
computer science
37
Learning to Perform Physics Experiments via Deep Reinforcement Learning
stat.ML
When encountering novel objects, humans are able to infer a wide range of physical properties such as mass, friction and deformability by interacting with them in a goal driven way. This process of active interaction is in the same spirit as a scientist performing experiments to discover hidden facts. Recent advances i...
computer science
38
A Network-based End-to-End Trainable Task-oriented Dialogue System
cs.CL
Teaching machines to accomplish tasks by conversing naturally with humans is challenging. Currently, developing task-oriented dialogue systems requires creating multiple components and typically this involves either a large amount of handcrafting, or acquiring costly labelled datasets to solve a statistical learning pr...
computer science
39
A Factorization Machine Framework for Testing Bigram Embeddings in Knowledgebase Completion
cs.CL
Embedding-based Knowledge Base Completion models have so far mostly combined distributed representations of individual entities or relations to compute truth scores of missing links. Facts can however also be represented using pairwise embeddings, i.e. embeddings for pairs of entities and relations. In this paper we ex...
computer science
40
Neural Networks for Joint Sentence Classification in Medical Paper Abstracts
cs.CL
Existing models based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) for sentence classification often do not incorporate the context in which sentences appear, and classify sentences individually. However, traditional sentence classification approaches have been shown to greatly benefit from jointly classifying subsequent sente...
computer science
41
De-identification of Patient Notes with Recurrent Neural Networks
cs.CL
Objective: Patient notes in electronic health records (EHRs) may contain critical information for medical investigations. However, the vast majority of medical investigators can only access de-identified notes, in order to protect the confidentiality of patients. In the United States, the Health Insurance Portability a...
computer science
42
Reasoning with Memory Augmented Neural Networks for Language Comprehension
cs.CL
Hypothesis testing is an important cognitive process that supports human reasoning. In this paper, we introduce a computational hypothesis testing approach based on memory augmented neural networks. Our approach involves a hypothesis testing loop that reconsiders and progressively refines a previously formed hypothesis...
computer science
43
Automatic Rule Extraction from Long Short Term Memory Networks
cs.CL
Although deep learning models have proven effective at solving problems in natural language processing, the mechanism by which they come to their conclusions is often unclear. As a result, these models are generally treated as black boxes, yielding no insight of the underlying learned patterns. In this paper we conside...
computer science
44
Comparing Rule-Based and Deep Learning Models for Patient Phenotyping
cs.CL
Objective: We investigate whether deep learning techniques for natural language processing (NLP) can be used efficiently for patient phenotyping. Patient phenotyping is a classification task for determining whether a patient has a medical condition, and is a crucial part of secondary analysis of healthcare data. We ass...
computer science
45
MIT at SemEval-2017 Task 10: Relation Extraction with Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.CL
Over 50 million scholarly articles have been published: they constitute a unique repository of knowledge. In particular, one may infer from them relations between scientific concepts, such as synonyms and hyponyms. Artificial neural networks have been recently explored for relation extraction. In this work, we continue...
computer science
46
Transfer Learning for Named-Entity Recognition with Neural Networks
cs.CL
Recent approaches based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) have shown promising results for named-entity recognition (NER). In order to achieve high performances, ANNs need to be trained on a large labeled dataset. However, labels might be difficult to obtain for the dataset on which the user wants to perform NER: la...
computer science
47
Adversarial Generation of Natural Language
cs.CL
Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have gathered a lot of attention from the computer vision community, yielding impressive results for image generation. Advances in the adversarial generation of natural language from noise however are not commensurate with the progress made in generating images, and still lag far ...
computer science
48
Explaining Recurrent Neural Network Predictions in Sentiment Analysis
cs.CL
Recently, a technique called Layer-wise Relevance Propagation (LRP) was shown to deliver insightful explanations in the form of input space relevances for understanding feed-forward neural network classification decisions. In the present work, we extend the usage of LRP to recurrent neural networks. We propose a specif...
computer science
49
Text Compression for Sentiment Analysis via Evolutionary Algorithms
cs.NE
Can textual data be compressed intelligently without losing accuracy in evaluating sentiment? In this study, we propose a novel evolutionary compression algorithm, PARSEC (PARts-of-Speech for sEntiment Compression), which makes use of Parts-of-Speech tags to compress text in a way that sacrifices minimal classification...
computer science
50
Building competitive direct acoustics-to-word models for English conversational speech recognition
cs.CL
Direct acoustics-to-word (A2W) models in the end-to-end paradigm have received increasing attention compared to conventional sub-word based automatic speech recognition models using phones, characters, or context-dependent hidden Markov model states. This is because A2W models recognize words from speech without any de...
computer science
51
Ask, Attend and Answer: Exploring Question-Guided Spatial Attention for Visual Question Answering
cs.CV
We address the problem of Visual Question Answering (VQA), which requires joint image and language understanding to answer a question about a given photograph. Recent approaches have applied deep image captioning methods based on convolutional-recurrent networks to this problem, but have failed to model spatial inferen...
computer science
52
Task-driven Visual Saliency and Attention-based Visual Question Answering
cs.CV
Visual question answering (VQA) has witnessed great progress since May, 2015 as a classic problem unifying visual and textual data into a system. Many enlightening VQA works explore deep into the image and question encodings and fusing methods, of which attention is the most effective and infusive mechanism. Current at...
computer science
53
Optimising The Input Window Alignment in CD-DNN Based Phoneme Recognition for Low Latency Processing
cs.CL
We present a systematic analysis on the performance of a phonetic recogniser when the window of input features is not symmetric with respect to the current frame. The recogniser is based on Context Dependent Deep Neural Networks (CD-DNNs) and Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). The objective is to reduce the latency of the sy...
computer science
54
Bridging LSTM Architecture and the Neural Dynamics during Reading
cs.CL
Recently, the long short-term memory neural network (LSTM) has attracted wide interest due to its success in many tasks. LSTM architecture consists of a memory cell and three gates, which looks similar to the neuronal networks in the brain. However, there still lacks the evidence of the cognitive plausibility of LSTM a...
computer science
55
Feature Weight Tuning for Recursive Neural Networks
cs.NE
This paper addresses how a recursive neural network model can automatically leave out useless information and emphasize important evidence, in other words, to perform "weight tuning" for higher-level representation acquisition. We propose two models, Weighted Neural Network (WNN) and Binary-Expectation Neural Network (...
computer science
56
A New Data Representation Based on Training Data Characteristics to Extract Drug Named-Entity in Medical Text
cs.CL
One essential task in information extraction from the medical corpus is drug name recognition. Compared with text sources come from other domains, the medical text is special and has unique characteristics. In addition, the medical text mining poses more challenges, e.g., more unstructured text, the fast growing of new...
computer science
57
DopeLearning: A Computational Approach to Rap Lyrics Generation
cs.LG
Writing rap lyrics requires both creativity to construct a meaningful, interesting story and lyrical skills to produce complex rhyme patterns, which form the cornerstone of good flow. We present a rap lyrics generation method that captures both of these aspects. First, we develop a prediction model to identify the next...
computer science
58
Match-SRNN: Modeling the Recursive Matching Structure with Spatial RNN
cs.CL
Semantic matching, which aims to determine the matching degree between two texts, is a fundamental problem for many NLP applications. Recently, deep learning approach has been applied to this problem and significant improvements have been achieved. In this paper, we propose to view the generation of the global interact...
computer science
59
Piecewise Latent Variables for Neural Variational Text Processing
cs.CL
Advances in neural variational inference have facilitated the learning of powerful directed graphical models with continuous latent variables, such as variational autoencoders. The hope is that such models will learn to represent rich, multi-modal latent factors in real-world data, such as natural language text. Howeve...
computer science
60
Recurrent Neural Networks with External Memory for Language Understanding
cs.CL
Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have become increasingly popular for the task of language understanding. In this task, a semantic tagger is deployed to associate a semantic label to each word in an input sequence. The success of RNN may be attributed to its ability to memorize long-term dependence that relates the cur...
computer science
61
A Neural Network Approach to Context-Sensitive Generation of Conversational Responses
cs.CL
We present a novel response generation system that can be trained end to end on large quantities of unstructured Twitter conversations. A neural network architecture is used to address sparsity issues that arise when integrating contextual information into classic statistical models, allowing the system to take into ac...
computer science
62
The Ubuntu Dialogue Corpus: A Large Dataset for Research in Unstructured Multi-Turn Dialogue Systems
cs.CL
This paper introduces the Ubuntu Dialogue Corpus, a dataset containing almost 1 million multi-turn dialogues, with a total of over 7 million utterances and 100 million words. This provides a unique resource for research into building dialogue managers based on neural language models that can make use of large amounts o...
computer science
63
Building End-To-End Dialogue Systems Using Generative Hierarchical Neural Network Models
cs.CL
We investigate the task of building open domain, conversational dialogue systems based on large dialogue corpora using generative models. Generative models produce system responses that are autonomously generated word-by-word, opening up the possibility for realistic, flexible interactions. In support of this goal, we ...
computer science
64
End-to-End Attention-based Large Vocabulary Speech Recognition
cs.CL
Many of the current state-of-the-art Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition Systems (LVCSR) are hybrids of neural networks and Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). Most of these systems contain separate components that deal with the acoustic modelling, language modelling and sequence decoding. We investigate a more dir...
computer science
65
Towards Neural Network-based Reasoning
cs.AI
We propose Neural Reasoner, a framework for neural network-based reasoning over natural language sentences. Given a question, Neural Reasoner can infer over multiple supporting facts and find an answer to the question in specific forms. Neural Reasoner has 1) a specific interaction-pooling mechanism, allowing it to exa...
computer science
66
What to talk about and how? Selective Generation using LSTMs with Coarse-to-Fine Alignment
cs.CL
We propose an end-to-end, domain-independent neural encoder-aligner-decoder model for selective generation, i.e., the joint task of content selection and surface realization. Our model first encodes a full set of over-determined database event records via an LSTM-based recurrent neural network, then utilizes a novel co...
computer science
67
Reasoning about Entailment with Neural Attention
cs.CL
While most approaches to automatically recognizing entailment relations have used classifiers employing hand engineered features derived from complex natural language processing pipelines, in practice their performance has been only slightly better than bag-of-word pair classifiers using only lexical similarity. The on...
computer science
68
Highway Long Short-Term Memory RNNs for Distant Speech Recognition
cs.NE
In this paper, we extend the deep long short-term memory (DLSTM) recurrent neural networks by introducing gated direct connections between memory cells in adjacent layers. These direct links, called highway connections, enable unimpeded information flow across different layers and thus alleviate the gradient vanishing ...
computer science
69
Neural Enquirer: Learning to Query Tables with Natural Language
cs.AI
We proposed Neural Enquirer as a neural network architecture to execute a natural language (NL) query on a knowledge-base (KB) for answers. Basically, Neural Enquirer finds the distributed representation of a query and then executes it on knowledge-base tables to obtain the answer as one of the values in the tables. Un...
computer science
70
Sentence Pair Scoring: Towards Unified Framework for Text Comprehension
cs.CL
We review the task of Sentence Pair Scoring, popular in the literature in various forms - viewed as Answer Sentence Selection, Semantic Text Scoring, Next Utterance Ranking, Recognizing Textual Entailment, Paraphrasing or e.g. a component of Memory Networks. We argue that all such tasks are similar from the model per...
computer science
71
Incorporating Copying Mechanism in Sequence-to-Sequence Learning
cs.CL
We address an important problem in sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Seq) learning referred to as copying, in which certain segments in the input sequence are selectively replicated in the output sequence. A similar phenomenon is observable in human language communication. For example, humans tend to repeat entity names or eve...
computer science
72
Generating Factoid Questions With Recurrent Neural Networks: The 30M Factoid Question-Answer Corpus
cs.CL
Over the past decade, large-scale supervised learning corpora have enabled machine learning researchers to make substantial advances. However, to this date, there are no large-scale question-answer corpora available. In this paper we present the 30M Factoid Question-Answer Corpus, an enormous question answer pair corpu...
computer science
73
How NOT To Evaluate Your Dialogue System: An Empirical Study of Unsupervised Evaluation Metrics for Dialogue Response Generation
cs.CL
We investigate evaluation metrics for dialogue response generation systems where supervised labels, such as task completion, are not available. Recent works in response generation have adopted metrics from machine translation to compare a model's generated response to a single target response. We show that these metric...
computer science
74
A Hierarchical Latent Variable Encoder-Decoder Model for Generating Dialogues
cs.CL
Sequential data often possesses a hierarchical structure with complex dependencies between subsequences, such as found between the utterances in a dialogue. In an effort to model this kind of generative process, we propose a neural network-based generative architecture, with latent stochastic variables that span a vari...
computer science
75
Neural Associative Memory for Dual-Sequence Modeling
cs.NE
Many important NLP problems can be posed as dual-sequence or sequence-to-sequence modeling tasks. Recent advances in building end-to-end neural architectures have been highly successful in solving such tasks. In this work we propose a new architecture for dual-sequence modeling that is based on associative memory. We d...
computer science
76
Log-Linear RNNs: Towards Recurrent Neural Networks with Flexible Prior Knowledge
cs.AI
We introduce LL-RNNs (Log-Linear RNNs), an extension of Recurrent Neural Networks that replaces the softmax output layer by a log-linear output layer, of which the softmax is a special case. This conceptually simple move has two main advantages. First, it allows the learner to combat training data sparsity by allowing ...
computer science
77
Embracing data abundance: BookTest Dataset for Reading Comprehension
cs.CL
There is a practically unlimited amount of natural language data available. Still, recent work in text comprehension has focused on datasets which are small relative to current computing possibilities. This article is making a case for the community to move to larger data and as a step in that direction it is proposing...
computer science
78
Quasi-Recurrent Neural Networks
cs.NE
Recurrent neural networks are a powerful tool for modeling sequential data, but the dependence of each timestep's computation on the previous timestep's output limits parallelism and makes RNNs unwieldy for very long sequences. We introduce quasi-recurrent neural networks (QRNNs), an approach to neural sequence modelin...
computer science
79
Input Switched Affine Networks: An RNN Architecture Designed for Interpretability
cs.AI
There exist many problem domains where the interpretability of neural network models is essential for deployment. Here we introduce a recurrent architecture composed of input-switched affine transformations - in other words an RNN without any explicit nonlinearities, but with input-dependent recurrent weights. This sim...
computer science
80
Frustratingly Short Attention Spans in Neural Language Modeling
cs.CL
Neural language models predict the next token using a latent representation of the immediate token history. Recently, various methods for augmenting neural language models with an attention mechanism over a differentiable memory have been proposed. For predicting the next token, these models query information from a me...
computer science
81
A Structured Self-attentive Sentence Embedding
cs.CL
This paper proposes a new model for extracting an interpretable sentence embedding by introducing self-attention. Instead of using a vector, we use a 2-D matrix to represent the embedding, with each row of the matrix attending on a different part of the sentence. We also propose a self-attention mechanism and a special...
computer science
82
A Recurrent Neural Model with Attention for the Recognition of Chinese Implicit Discourse Relations
cs.CL
We introduce an attention-based Bi-LSTM for Chinese implicit discourse relations and demonstrate that modeling argument pairs as a joint sequence can outperform word order-agnostic approaches. Our model benefits from a partial sampling scheme and is conceptually simple, yet achieves state-of-the-art performance on the ...
computer science
83
Event Representations for Automated Story Generation with Deep Neural Nets
cs.CL
Automated story generation is the problem of automatically selecting a sequence of events, actions, or words that can be told as a story. We seek to develop a system that can generate stories by learning everything it needs to know from textual story corpora. To date, recurrent neural networks that learn language model...
computer science
84
A Joint Model for Question Answering and Question Generation
cs.CL
We propose a generative machine comprehension model that learns jointly to ask and answer questions based on documents. The proposed model uses a sequence-to-sequence framework that encodes the document and generates a question (answer) given an answer (question). Significant improvement in model performance is observe...
computer science
85
Learning Intrinsic Sparse Structures within Long Short-Term Memory
cs.LG
Model compression is significant for the wide adoption of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) in both user devices possessing limited resources and business clusters requiring quick responses to large-scale service requests. This work aims to learn structurally-sparse Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) by reducing the sizes of...
computer science
86
Why PairDiff works? -- A Mathematical Analysis of Bilinear Relational Compositional Operators for Analogy Detection
cs.CL
Representing the semantic relations that exist between two given words (or entities) is an important first step in a wide-range of NLP applications such as analogical reasoning, knowledge base completion and relational information retrieval. A simple, yet surprisingly accurate method for representing a relation between...
computer science
87
Object-oriented Neural Programming (OONP) for Document Understanding
cs.LG
We propose Object-oriented Neural Programming (OONP), a framework for semantically parsing documents in specific domains. Basically, OONP reads a document and parses it into a predesigned object-oriented data structure (referred to as ontology in this paper) that reflects the domain-specific semantics of the document. ...
computer science
88
A Neural Comprehensive Ranker (NCR) for Open-Domain Question Answering
cs.CL
This paper proposes a novel neural machine reading model for open-domain question answering at scale. Existing machine comprehension models typically assume that a short piece of relevant text containing answers is already identified and given to the models, from which the models are designed to extract answers. This a...
computer science
89
Improving speech recognition by revising gated recurrent units
cs.CL
Speech recognition is largely taking advantage of deep learning, showing that substantial benefits can be obtained by modern Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). The most popular RNNs are Long Short-Term Memory (LSTMs), which typically reach state-of-the-art performance in many tasks thanks to their ability to learn long-...
computer science
90
Integrating planning for task-completion dialogue policy learning
cs.CL
Training a task-completion dialogue agent with real users via reinforcement learning (RL) could be prohibitively expensive, because it requires many interactions with users. One alternative is to resort to a user simulator, while the discrepancy of between simulated and real users makes the learned policy unreliable in...
computer science
91
Building DNN Acoustic Models for Large Vocabulary Speech Recognition
cs.CL
Deep neural networks (DNNs) are now a central component of nearly all state-of-the-art speech recognition systems. Building neural network acoustic models requires several design decisions including network architecture, size, and training loss function. This paper offers an empirical investigation on which aspects of ...
computer science
92
Deep Recurrent Neural Networks for Acoustic Modelling
cs.LG
We present a novel deep Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) model for acoustic modelling in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). We term our contribution as a TC-DNN-BLSTM-DNN model, the model combines a Deep Neural Network (DNN) with Time Convolution (TC), followed by a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BLSTM), and a fi...
computer science
93
Regularizing RNNs by Stabilizing Activations
cs.NE
We stabilize the activations of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) by penalizing the squared distance between successive hidden states' norms. This penalty term is an effective regularizer for RNNs including LSTMs and IRNNs, improving performance on character-level language modeling and phoneme recognition, and outperf...
computer science
94
Outrageously Large Neural Networks: The Sparsely-Gated Mixture-of-Experts Layer
cs.LG
The capacity of a neural network to absorb information is limited by its number of parameters. Conditional computation, where parts of the network are active on a per-example basis, has been proposed in theory as a way of dramatically increasing model capacity without a proportional increase in computation. In practice...
computer science
95
Discourse-Based Objectives for Fast Unsupervised Sentence Representation Learning
cs.CL
This work presents a novel objective function for the unsupervised training of neural network sentence encoders. It exploits signals from paragraph-level discourse coherence to train these models to understand text. Our objective is purely discriminative, allowing us to train models many times faster than was possible ...
computer science
96
Learning Convolutional Text Representations for Visual Question Answering
cs.LG
Visual question answering is a recently proposed artificial intelligence task that requires a deep understanding of both images and texts. In deep learning, images are typically modeled through convolutional neural networks, and texts are typically modeled through recurrent neural networks. While the requirement for mo...
computer science
97
Learning Phrase Representations using RNN Encoder-Decoder for Statistical Machine Translation
cs.CL
In this paper, we propose a novel neural network model called RNN Encoder-Decoder that consists of two recurrent neural networks (RNN). One RNN encodes a sequence of symbols into a fixed-length vector representation, and the other decodes the representation into another sequence of symbols. The encoder and decoder of t...
computer science
98
Recurrent Neural Network Training with Dark Knowledge Transfer
stat.ML
Recurrent neural networks (RNNs), particularly long short-term memory (LSTM), have gained much attention in automatic speech recognition (ASR). Although some successful stories have been reported, training RNNs remains highly challenging, especially with limited training data. Recent research found that a well-trained ...
computer science
99
Long Short-Term Memory Based Recurrent Neural Network Architectures for Large Vocabulary Speech Recognition
cs.NE
Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is a recurrent neural network (RNN) architecture that has been designed to address the vanishing and exploding gradient problems of conventional RNNs. Unlike feedforward neural networks, RNNs have cyclic connections making them powerful for modeling sequences. They have been successfully u...
computer science