Unnamed: 0
int64
0
41k
title
stringlengths
4
274
category
stringlengths
5
18
summary
stringlengths
22
3.66k
theme
stringclasses
8 values
1,800
Structural Correspondence Learning for Cross-lingual Sentiment Classification with One-to-many Mappings
cs.LG
Structural correspondence learning (SCL) is an effective method for cross-lingual sentiment classification. This approach uses unlabeled documents along with a word translation oracle to automatically induce task specific, cross-lingual correspondences. It transfers knowledge through identifying important features, i.e...
computer science
1,801
Learning a Natural Language Interface with Neural Programmer
cs.CL
Learning a natural language interface for database tables is a challenging task that involves deep language understanding and multi-step reasoning. The task is often approached by mapping natural language queries to logical forms or programs that provide the desired response when executed on the database. To our knowle...
computer science
1,802
AutoMOS: Learning a non-intrusive assessor of naturalness-of-speech
cs.CL
Developers of text-to-speech synthesizers (TTS) often make use of human raters to assess the quality of synthesized speech. We demonstrate that we can model human raters' mean opinion scores (MOS) of synthesized speech using a deep recurrent neural network whose inputs consist solely of a raw waveform. Our best models ...
computer science
1,803
Identity-sensitive Word Embedding through Heterogeneous Networks
cs.CL
Most existing word embedding approaches do not distinguish the same words in different contexts, therefore ignoring their contextual meanings. As a result, the learned embeddings of these words are usually a mixture of multiple meanings. In this paper, we acknowledge multiple identities of the same word in different co...
computer science
1,804
Neural Probabilistic Model for Non-projective MST Parsing
cs.CL
In this paper, we propose a probabilistic parsing model, which defines a proper conditional probability distribution over non-projective dependency trees for a given sentence, using neural representations as inputs. The neural network architecture is based on bi-directional LSTM-CNNs which benefits from both word- and ...
computer science
1,805
Towards End-to-End Speech Recognition with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.CL
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are effective models for reducing spectral variations and modeling spectral correlations in acoustic features for automatic speech recognition (ASR). Hybrid speech recognition systems incorporating CNNs with Hidden Markov Models/Gaussian Mixture Models (HMMs/GMMs) have achieved the ...
computer science
1,806
Kernel Approximation Methods for Speech Recognition
stat.ML
We study large-scale kernel methods for acoustic modeling in speech recognition and compare their performance to deep neural networks (DNNs). We perform experiments on four speech recognition datasets, including the TIMIT and Broadcast News benchmark tasks, and compare these two types of models on frame-level performan...
computer science
1,807
dna2vec: Consistent vector representations of variable-length k-mers
cs.CL
One of the ubiquitous representation of long DNA sequence is dividing it into shorter k-mer components. Unfortunately, the straightforward vector encoding of k-mer as a one-hot vector is vulnerable to the curse of dimensionality. Worse yet, the distance between any pair of one-hot vectors is equidistant. This is partic...
computer science
1,808
Predicting Auction Price of Vehicle License Plate with Deep Recurrent Neural Network
cs.CL
In Chinese societies, superstition is of paramount importance, and vehicle license plates with desirable numbers can fetch very high prices in auctions. Unlike other valuable items, license plates are not allocated an estimated price before auction. I propose that the task of predicting plate prices can be viewed as a ...
computer science
1,809
Filtering Tweets for Social Unrest
cs.CL
Since the events of the Arab Spring, there has been increased interest in using social media to anticipate social unrest. While efforts have been made toward automated unrest prediction, we focus on filtering the vast volume of tweets to identify tweets relevant to unrest, which can be provided to downstream users for ...
computer science
1,810
Stability of Topic Modeling via Matrix Factorization
cs.IR
Topic models can provide us with an insight into the underlying latent structure of a large corpus of documents. A range of methods have been proposed in the literature, including probabilistic topic models and techniques based on matrix factorization. However, in both cases, standard implementations rely on stochastic...
computer science
1,811
Using Graphs of Classifiers to Impose Declarative Constraints on Semi-supervised Learning
cs.LG
We propose a general approach to modeling semi-supervised learning (SSL) algorithms. Specifically, we present a declarative language for modeling both traditional supervised classification tasks and many SSL heuristics, including both well-known heuristics such as co-training and novel domain-specific heuristics. In ad...
computer science
1,812
Neural Machine Translation and Sequence-to-sequence Models: A Tutorial
cs.CL
This tutorial introduces a new and powerful set of techniques variously called "neural machine translation" or "neural sequence-to-sequence models". These techniques have been used in a number of tasks regarding the handling of human language, and can be a powerful tool in the toolbox of anyone who wants to model seque...
computer science
1,813
Generative and Discriminative Text Classification with Recurrent Neural Networks
stat.ML
We empirically characterize the performance of discriminative and generative LSTM models for text classification. We find that although RNN-based generative models are more powerful than their bag-of-words ancestors (e.g., they account for conditional dependencies across words in a document), they have higher asymptoti...
computer science
1,814
Sequence-to-Sequence Models Can Directly Translate Foreign Speech
cs.CL
We present a recurrent encoder-decoder deep neural network architecture that directly translates speech in one language into text in another. The model does not explicitly transcribe the speech into text in the source language, nor does it require supervision from the ground truth source language transcription during t...
computer science
1,815
Word Embeddings via Tensor Factorization
stat.ML
Most popular word embedding techniques involve implicit or explicit factorization of a word co-occurrence based matrix into low rank factors. In this paper, we aim to generalize this trend by using numerical methods to factor higher-order word co-occurrence based arrays, or \textit{tensors}. We present four word embedd...
computer science
1,816
Persian Wordnet Construction using Supervised Learning
cs.CL
This paper presents an automated supervised method for Persian wordnet construction. Using a Persian corpus and a bi-lingual dictionary, the initial links between Persian words and Princeton WordNet synsets have been generated. These links will be discriminated later as correct or incorrect by employing seven features ...
computer science
1,817
Learning Latent Representations for Speech Generation and Transformation
cs.CL
An ability to model a generative process and learn a latent representation for speech in an unsupervised fashion will be crucial to process vast quantities of unlabelled speech data. Recently, deep probabilistic generative models such as Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) have achieved tremendous success in modeling natur...
computer science
1,818
Does Neural Machine Translation Benefit from Larger Context?
stat.ML
We propose a neural machine translation architecture that models the surrounding text in addition to the source sentence. These models lead to better performance, both in terms of general translation quality and pronoun prediction, when trained on small corpora, although this improvement largely disappears when trained...
computer science
1,819
Bandit Structured Prediction for Neural Sequence-to-Sequence Learning
stat.ML
Bandit structured prediction describes a stochastic optimization framework where learning is performed from partial feedback. This feedback is received in the form of a task loss evaluation to a predicted output structure, without having access to gold standard structures. We advance this framework by lifting linear ba...
computer science
1,820
Adversarial Neural Machine Translation
cs.CL
In this paper, we study a new learning paradigm for Neural Machine Translation (NMT). Instead of maximizing the likelihood of the human translation as in previous works, we minimize the distinction between human translation and the translation given by an NMT model. To achieve this goal, inspired by the recent success ...
computer science
1,821
Using Global Constraints and Reranking to Improve Cognates Detection
cs.CL
Global constraints and reranking have not been used in cognates detection research to date. We propose methods for using global constraints by performing rescoring of the score matrices produced by state of the art cognates detection systems. Using global constraints to perform rescoring is complementary to state of th...
computer science
1,822
Learning Representations of Emotional Speech with Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks
cs.CL
Automatically assessing emotional valence in human speech has historically been a difficult task for machine learning algorithms. The subtle changes in the voice of the speaker that are indicative of positive or negative emotional states are often "overshadowed" by voice characteristics relating to emotional intensity ...
computer science
1,823
Max-Pooling Loss Training of Long Short-Term Memory Networks for Small-Footprint Keyword Spotting
cs.CL
We propose a max-pooling based loss function for training Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks for small-footprint keyword spotting (KWS), with low CPU, memory, and latency requirements. The max-pooling loss training can be further guided by initializing with a cross-entropy loss trained network. A posterior smoothin...
computer science
1,824
DeepDeath: Learning to Predict the Underlying Cause of Death with Big Data
cs.CL
Multiple cause-of-death data provides a valuable source of information that can be used to enhance health standards by predicting health related trajectories in societies with large populations. These data are often available in large quantities across U.S. states and require Big Data techniques to uncover complex hidd...
computer science
1,825
Learning a bidirectional mapping between human whole-body motion and natural language using deep recurrent neural networks
cs.LG
Linking human whole-body motion and natural language is of great interest for the generation of semantic representations of observed human behaviors as well as for the generation of robot behaviors based on natural language input. While there has been a large body of research in this area, most approaches that exist to...
computer science
1,826
Softmax Q-Distribution Estimation for Structured Prediction: A Theoretical Interpretation for RAML
cs.LG
Reward augmented maximum likelihood (RAML), a simple and effective learning framework to directly optimize towards the reward function in structured prediction tasks, has led to a number of impressive empirical successes. RAML incorporates task-specific reward by performing maximum-likelihood updates on candidate outpu...
computer science
1,827
A Regularized Framework for Sparse and Structured Neural Attention
stat.ML
Modern neural networks are often augmented with an attention mechanism, which tells the network where to focus within the input. We propose in this paper a new framework for sparse and structured attention, building upon a smoothed max operator. We show that the gradient of this operator defines a mapping from real val...
computer science
1,828
On-the-fly Operation Batching in Dynamic Computation Graphs
cs.LG
Dynamic neural network toolkits such as PyTorch, DyNet, and Chainer offer more flexibility for implementing models that cope with data of varying dimensions and structure, relative to toolkits that operate on statically declared computations (e.g., TensorFlow, CNTK, and Theano). However, existing toolkits - both static...
computer science
1,829
Gated Recurrent Neural Tensor Network
cs.LG
Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), which are a powerful scheme for modeling temporal and sequential data need to capture long-term dependencies on datasets and represent them in hidden layers with a powerful model to capture more information from inputs. For modeling long-term dependencies in a dataset, the gating mecha...
computer science
1,830
Context encoders as a simple but powerful extension of word2vec
stat.ML
With a simple architecture and the ability to learn meaningful word embeddings efficiently from texts containing billions of words, word2vec remains one of the most popular neural language models used today. However, as only a single embedding is learned for every word in the vocabulary, the model fails to optimally re...
computer science
1,831
Adversarial Feature Matching for Text Generation
stat.ML
The Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) has achieved great success in generating realistic (real-valued) synthetic data. However, convergence issues and difficulties dealing with discrete data hinder the applicability of GAN to text. We propose a framework for generating realistic text via adversarial training. We emp...
computer science
1,832
Topic supervised non-negative matrix factorization
cs.CL
Topic models have been extensively used to organize and interpret the contents of large, unstructured corpora of text documents. Although topic models often perform well on traditional training vs. test set evaluations, it is often the case that the results of a topic model do not align with human interpretation. This ...
computer science
1,833
An online sequence-to-sequence model for noisy speech recognition
cs.CL
Generative models have long been the dominant approach for speech recognition. The success of these models however relies on the use of sophisticated recipes and complicated machinery that is not easily accessible to non-practitioners. Recent innovations in Deep Learning have given rise to an alternative - discriminati...
computer science
1,834
Grounded Language Learning in a Simulated 3D World
cs.CL
We are increasingly surrounded by artificially intelligent technology that takes decisions and executes actions on our behalf. This creates a pressing need for general means to communicate with, instruct and guide artificial agents, with human language the most compelling means for such communication. To achieve this i...
computer science
1,835
SAM: Semantic Attribute Modulation for Language Modeling and Style Variation
cs.CL
This paper presents a Semantic Attribute Modulation (SAM) for language modeling and style variation. The semantic attribute modulation includes various document attributes, such as titles, authors, and document categories. We consider two types of attributes, (title attributes and category attributes), and a flexible a...
computer science
1,836
Efficient Correlated Topic Modeling with Topic Embedding
cs.LG
Correlated topic modeling has been limited to small model and problem sizes due to their high computational cost and poor scaling. In this paper, we propose a new model which learns compact topic embeddings and captures topic correlations through the closeness between the topic vectors. Our method enables efficient inf...
computer science
1,837
Language modeling with Neural trans-dimensional random fields
cs.CL
Trans-dimensional random field language models (TRF LMs) have recently been introduced, where sentences are modeled as a collection of random fields. The TRF approach has been shown to have the advantages of being computationally more efficient in inference than LSTM LMs with close performance and being able to flexibl...
computer science
1,838
Counterfactual Learning from Bandit Feedback under Deterministic Logging: A Case Study in Statistical Machine Translation
stat.ML
The goal of counterfactual learning for statistical machine translation (SMT) is to optimize a target SMT system from logged data that consist of user feedback to translations that were predicted by another, historic SMT system. A challenge arises by the fact that risk-averse commercial SMT systems deterministically lo...
computer science
1,839
Bayesian Sparsification of Recurrent Neural Networks
stat.ML
Recurrent neural networks show state-of-the-art results in many text analysis tasks but often require a lot of memory to store their weights. Recently proposed Sparse Variational Dropout eliminates the majority of the weights in a feed-forward neural network without significant loss of quality. We apply this technique ...
computer science
1,840
Retrofitting Distributional Embeddings to Knowledge Graphs with Functional Relations
stat.ML
Knowledge graphs are a versatile framework to encode richly structured data relationships, but it not always apparent how to combine these with existing entity representations. Methods for retrofitting pre-trained entity representations to the structure of a knowledge graph typically assume that entities are embedded i...
computer science
1,841
SenGen: Sentence Generating Neural Variational Topic Model
cs.CL
We present a new topic model that generates documents by sampling a topic for one whole sentence at a time, and generating the words in the sentence using an RNN decoder that is conditioned on the topic of the sentence. We argue that this novel formalism will help us not only visualize and model the topical discourse s...
computer science
1,842
Communication-Free Parallel Supervised Topic Models
cs.LG
Embarrassingly (communication-free) parallel Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods are commonly used in learning graphical models. However, MCMC cannot be directly applied in learning topic models because of the quasi-ergodicity problem caused by multimodal distribution of topics. In this paper, we develop an embarra...
computer science
1,843
Sentiment Analysis by Joint Learning of Word Embeddings and Classifier
cs.CL
Word embeddings are representations of individual words of a text document in a vector space and they are often use- ful for performing natural language pro- cessing tasks. Current state of the art al- gorithms for learning word embeddings learn vector representations from large corpora of text documents in an unsu- pe...
computer science
1,844
Deconvolutional Paragraph Representation Learning
cs.CL
Learning latent representations from long text sequences is an important first step in many natural language processing applications. Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have become a cornerstone for this challenging task. However, the quality of sentences during RNN-based decoding (reconstruction) decreases with the leng...
computer science
1,845
Leveraging Deep Neural Network Activation Entropy to cope with Unseen Data in Speech Recognition
cs.LG
Unseen data conditions can inflict serious performance degradation on systems relying on supervised machine learning algorithms. Because data can often be unseen, and because traditional machine learning algorithms are trained in a supervised manner, unsupervised adaptation techniques must be used to adapt the model to...
computer science
1,846
Deconvolutional Latent-Variable Model for Text Sequence Matching
cs.CL
A latent-variable model is introduced for text matching, inferring sentence representations by jointly optimizing generative and discriminative objectives. To alleviate typical optimization challenges in latent-variable models for text, we employ deconvolutional networks as the sequence decoder (generator), providing l...
computer science
1,847
Adaptive Convolutional Filter Generation for Natural Language Understanding
cs.CL
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have recently emerged as a popular building block for natural language processing (NLP). Despite their success, most existing CNN models employed in NLP are not expressive enough, in the sense that all input sentences share the same learned (and static) set of filters. Motivated by ...
computer science
1,848
Structured Embedding Models for Grouped Data
cs.CL
Word embeddings are a powerful approach for analyzing language, and exponential family embeddings (EFE) extend them to other types of data. Here we develop structured exponential family embeddings (S-EFE), a method for discovering embeddings that vary across related groups of data. We study how the word usage of U.S. C...
computer science
1,849
Wembedder: Wikidata entity embedding web service
stat.ML
I present a web service for querying an embedding of entities in the Wikidata knowledge graph. The embedding is trained on the Wikidata dump using Gensim's Word2Vec implementation and a simple graph walk. A REST API is implemented. Together with the Wikidata API the web service exposes a multilingual resource for over ...
computer science
1,850
Scaling Text with the Class Affinity Model
stat.ML
Probabilistic methods for classifying text form a rich tradition in machine learning and natural language processing. For many important problems, however, class prediction is uninteresting because the class is known, and instead the focus shifts to estimating latent quantities related to the text, such as affect or id...
computer science
1,851
Trace norm regularization and faster inference for embedded speech recognition RNNs
cs.LG
We propose and evaluate new techniques for compressing and speeding up dense matrix multiplications as found in the fully connected and recurrent layers of neural networks for embedded large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR). For compression, we introduce and study a trace norm regularization technique f...
computer science
1,852
Improving Negative Sampling for Word Representation using Self-embedded Features
cs.LG
Although the word-popularity based negative sampler has shown superb performance in the skip-gram model, the theoretical motivation behind oversampling popular (non-observed) words as negative samples is still not well understood. In this paper, we start from an investigation of the gradient vanishing issue in the skip...
computer science
1,853
One-shot and few-shot learning of word embeddings
cs.CL
Standard deep learning systems require thousands or millions of examples to learn a concept, and cannot integrate new concepts easily. By contrast, humans have an incredible ability to do one-shot or few-shot learning. For instance, from just hearing a word used in a sentence, humans can infer a great deal about it, by...
computer science
1,854
Generalized End-to-End Loss for Speaker Verification
eess.AS
In this paper, we propose a new loss function called generalized end-to-end (GE2E) loss, which makes the training of speaker verification models more efficient than our previous tuple-based end-to-end (TE2E) loss function. Unlike TE2E, the GE2E loss function updates the network in a way that emphasizes examples that ar...
computer science
1,855
Reinforcement Learning of Speech Recognition System Based on Policy Gradient and Hypothesis Selection
cs.CL
Speech recognition systems have achieved high recognition performance for several tasks. However, the performance of such systems is dependent on the tremendously costly development work of preparing vast amounts of task-matched transcribed speech data for supervised training. The key problem here is the cost of transc...
computer science
1,856
Bayesian Paragraph Vectors
cs.CL
Word2vec (Mikolov et al., 2013) has proven to be successful in natural language processing by capturing the semantic relationships between different words. Built on top of single-word embeddings, paragraph vectors (Le and Mikolov, 2014) find fixed-length representations for pieces of text with arbitrary lengths, such a...
computer science
1,857
Unsupervised Document Embedding With CNNs
cs.CL
We propose a new model for unsupervised document embedding. Leading existing approaches either require complex inference or use recurrent neural networks (RNN) that are difficult to parallelize. We take a different route and develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) embedding model. Our CNN architecture is fully par...
computer science
1,858
On Extending Neural Networks with Loss Ensembles for Text Classification
cs.CL
Ensemble techniques are powerful approaches that combine several weak learners to build a stronger one. As a meta learning framework, ensemble techniques can easily be applied to many machine learning techniques. In this paper we propose a neural network extended with an ensemble loss function for text classification. ...
computer science
1,859
Lattice Rescoring Strategies for Long Short Term Memory Language Models in Speech Recognition
stat.ML
Recurrent neural network (RNN) language models (LMs) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) LMs, a variant of RNN LMs, have been shown to outperform traditional N-gram LMs on speech recognition tasks. However, these models are computationally more expensive than N-gram LMs for decoding, and thus, challenging to integrate in...
computer science
1,860
Counterfactual Learning for Machine Translation: Degeneracies and Solutions
stat.ML
Counterfactual learning is a natural scenario to improve web-based machine translation services by offline learning from feedback logged during user interactions. In order to avoid the risk of showing inferior translations to users, in such scenarios mostly exploration-free deterministic logging policies are in place. ...
computer science
1,861
Continuous Semantic Topic Embedding Model Using Variational Autoencoder
stat.ML
This paper proposes the continuous semantic topic embedding model (CSTEM) which finds latent topic variables in documents using continuous semantic distance function between the topics and the words by means of the variational autoencoder(VAE). The semantic distance could be represented by any symmetric bell-shaped geo...
computer science
1,862
Neural Text Generation: A Practical Guide
cs.CL
Deep learning methods have recently achieved great empirical success on machine translation, dialogue response generation, summarization, and other text generation tasks. At a high level, the technique has been to train end-to-end neural network models consisting of an encoder model to produce a hidden representation o...
computer science
1,863
Generative Interest Estimation for Document Recommendations
cs.IR
Learning distributed representations of documents has pushed the state-of-the-art in several natural language processing tasks and was successfully applied to the field of recommender systems recently. In this paper, we propose a novel content-based recommender system based on learned representations and a generative m...
computer science
1,864
Sockeye: A Toolkit for Neural Machine Translation
cs.CL
We describe Sockeye (version 1.12), an open-source sequence-to-sequence toolkit for Neural Machine Translation (NMT). Sockeye is a production-ready framework for training and applying models as well as an experimental platform for researchers. Written in Python and built on MXNet, the toolkit offers scalable training a...
computer science
1,865
A Flexible Approach to Automated RNN Architecture Generation
cs.CL
The process of designing neural architectures requires expert knowledge and extensive trial and error. While automated architecture search may simplify these requirements, the recurrent neural network (RNN) architectures generated by existing methods are limited in both flexibility and components. We propose a domain-s...
computer science
1,866
Character-level Recurrent Neural Networks in Practice: Comparing Training and Sampling Schemes
cs.LG
Recurrent neural networks are nowadays successfully used in an abundance of applications, going from text, speech and image processing to recommender systems. Backpropagation through time is the algorithm that is commonly used to train these networks on specific tasks. Many deep learning frameworks have their own imple...
computer science
1,867
Stochastic Learning of Nonstationary Kernels for Natural Language Modeling
cs.CL
Natural language processing often involves computations with semantic or syntactic graphs to facilitate sophisticated reasoning based on structural relationships. While convolution kernels provide a powerful tool for comparing graph structure based on node (word) level relationships, they are difficult to customize and...
computer science
1,868
Predicting Movie Genres Based on Plot Summaries
cs.CL
This project explores several Machine Learning methods to predict movie genres based on plot summaries. Naive Bayes, Word2Vec+XGBoost and Recurrent Neural Networks are used for text classification, while K-binary transformation, rank method and probabilistic classification with learned probability threshold are employe...
computer science
1,869
Topic Modeling on Health Journals with Regularized Variational Inference
cs.CL
Topic modeling enables exploration and compact representation of a corpus. The CaringBridge (CB) dataset is a massive collection of journals written by patients and caregivers during a health crisis. Topic modeling on the CB dataset, however, is challenging due to the asynchronous nature of multiple authors writing abo...
computer science
1,870
Beyond Word Importance: Contextual Decomposition to Extract Interactions from LSTMs
cs.CL
The driving force behind the recent success of LSTMs has been their ability to learn complex and non-linear relationships. Consequently, our inability to describe these relationships has led to LSTMs being characterized as black boxes. To this end, we introduce contextual decomposition (CD), an interpretation algorithm...
computer science
1,871
Fine-tuned Language Models for Text Classification
cs.CL
Transfer learning has revolutionized computer vision, but existing approaches in NLP still require task-specific modifications and training from scratch. We propose Fine-tuned Language Models (FitLaM), an effective transfer learning method that can be applied to any task in NLP, and introduce techniques that are key fo...
computer science
1,872
What Does a TextCNN Learn?
stat.ML
TextCNN, the convolutional neural network for text, is a useful deep learning algorithm for sentence classification tasks such as sentiment analysis and question classification. However, neural networks have long been known as black boxes because interpreting them is a challenging task. Researchers have developed sever...
computer science
1,873
Support Vector Machine Active Learning Algorithms with Query-by-Committee versus Closest-to-Hyperplane Selection
cs.LG
This paper investigates and evaluates support vector machine active learning algorithms for use with imbalanced datasets, which commonly arise in many applications such as information extraction applications. Algorithms based on closest-to-hyperplane selection and query-by-committee selection are combined with methods ...
computer science
1,874
Deep Learning for Sentiment Analysis : A Survey
cs.CL
Deep learning has emerged as a powerful machine learning technique that learns multiple layers of representations or features of the data and produces state-of-the-art prediction results. Along with the success of deep learning in many other application domains, deep learning is also popularly used in sentiment analysi...
computer science
1,875
Impact of Batch Size on Stopping Active Learning for Text Classification
cs.LG
When using active learning, smaller batch sizes are typically more efficient from a learning efficiency perspective. However, in practice due to speed and human annotator considerations, the use of larger batch sizes is necessary. While past work has shown that larger batch sizes decrease learning efficiency from a lea...
computer science
1,876
Classifying medical notes into standard disease codes using Machine Learning
cs.LG
We investigate the automatic classification of patient discharge notes into standard disease labels. We find that Convolutional Neural Networks with Attention outperform previous algorithms used in this task, and suggest further areas for improvement.
computer science
1,877
Semi-Amortized Variational Autoencoders
stat.ML
Amortized variational inference (AVI) replaces instance-specific local inference with a global inference network. While AVI has enabled efficient training of deep generative models such as variational autoencoders (VAE), recent empirical work suggests that inference networks can produce suboptimal variational parameter...
computer science
1,878
SparseMAP: Differentiable Sparse Structured Inference
stat.ML
Structured prediction requires searching over a combinatorial number of structures. To tackle it, we introduce SparseMAP, a new method for sparse structured inference, together with corresponding loss functions. SparseMAP inference is able to automatically select only a few global structures: it is situated between MAP...
computer science
1,879
Multinomial Adversarial Networks for Multi-Domain Text Classification
cs.CL
Many text classification tasks are known to be highly domain-dependent. Unfortunately, the availability of training data can vary drastically across domains. Worse still, for some domains there may not be any annotated data at all. In this work, we propose a multinomial adversarial network (MAN) to tackle the text clas...
computer science
1,880
Explainable Prediction of Medical Codes from Clinical Text
cs.CL
Clinical notes are text documents that are created by clinicians for each patient encounter. They are typically accompanied by medical codes, which describe the diagnosis and treatment. Annotating these codes is labor intensive and error prone; furthermore, the connection between the codes and the text is not annotated...
computer science
1,881
Improving Mild Cognitive Impairment Prediction via Reinforcement Learning and Dialogue Simulation
cs.LG
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a prodromal phase in the progression from normal aging to dementia, especially Alzheimers disease. Even though there is mild cognitive decline in MCI patients, they have normal overall cognition and thus is challenging to distinguish from normal aging. Using transcribed data obtained ...
computer science
1,882
Learning Hidden Markov Models from Pairwise Co-occurrences with Applications to Topic Modeling
cs.CL
We present a new algorithm for identifying the transition and emission probabilities of a hidden Markov model (HMM) from the emitted data. Expectation-maximization becomes computationally prohibitive for long observation records, which are often required for identification. The new algorithm is particularly suitable fo...
computer science
1,883
Deterministic Non-Autoregressive Neural Sequence Modeling by Iterative Refinement
cs.LG
We propose a conditional non-autoregressive neural sequence model based on iterative refinement. The proposed model is designed based on the principles of latent variable models and denoising autoencoders, and is generally applicable to any sequence generation task. We extensively evaluate the proposed model on machine...
computer science
1,884
One Single Deep Bidirectional LSTM Network for Word Sense Disambiguation of Text Data
cs.LG
Due to recent technical and scientific advances, we have a wealth of information hidden in unstructured text data such as offline/online narratives, research articles, and clinical reports. To mine these data properly, attributable to their innate ambiguity, a Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) algorithm can avoid numbers...
computer science
1,885
Gaussian meta-embeddings for efficient scoring of a heavy-tailed PLDA model
stat.ML
Embeddings in machine learning are low-dimensional representations of complex input patterns, with the property that simple geometric operations like Euclidean distances and dot products can be used for classification and comparison tasks. The proposed meta-embeddings are special embeddings that live in more general in...
computer science
1,886
Learning Approximate Inference Networks for Structured Prediction
cs.CL
Structured prediction energy networks (SPENs; Belanger & McCallum 2016) use neural network architectures to define energy functions that can capture arbitrary dependencies among parts of structured outputs. Prior work used gradient descent for inference, relaxing the structured output to a set of continuous variables a...
computer science
1,887
Tensor2Tensor for Neural Machine Translation
cs.LG
Tensor2Tensor is a library for deep learning models that is well-suited for neural machine translation and includes the reference implementation of the state-of-the-art Transformer model.
computer science
1,888
Learning Eligibility in Clinical Cancer Trials using Deep Neural Networks
cs.CL
Interventional clinical cancer trials are generally too restrictive and cancer patients are often excluded from them on the basis of comorbidity, past or concomitant treatments and the fact that they are over a certain age. The efficacy and safety of new treatments for patients with these characteristics are not, there...
computer science
1,889
Hello Edge: Keyword Spotting on Microcontrollers
cs.SD
Keyword spotting (KWS) is a critical component for enabling speech based user interactions on smart devices. It requires real-time response and high accuracy for good user experience. Recently, neural networks have become an attractive choice for KWS architecture because of their superior accuracy compared to tradition...
computer science
1,890
Deep Fragment Embeddings for Bidirectional Image Sentence Mapping
cs.CV
We introduce a model for bidirectional retrieval of images and sentences through a multi-modal embedding of visual and natural language data. Unlike previous models that directly map images or sentences into a common embedding space, our model works on a finer level and embeds fragments of images (objects) and fragment...
computer science
1,891
Are You Talking to a Machine? Dataset and Methods for Multilingual Image Question Answering
cs.CV
In this paper, we present the mQA model, which is able to answer questions about the content of an image. The answer can be a sentence, a phrase or a single word. Our model contains four components: a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to extract the question representation, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to extract t...
computer science
1,892
Resolving Language and Vision Ambiguities Together: Joint Segmentation & Prepositional Attachment Resolution in Captioned Scenes
cs.CV
We present an approach to simultaneously perform semantic segmentation and prepositional phrase attachment resolution for captioned images. Some ambiguities in language cannot be resolved without simultaneously reasoning about an associated image. If we consider the sentence "I shot an elephant in my pajamas", looking ...
computer science
1,893
Video Description using Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks
cs.CV
Although traditionally used in the machine translation field, the encoder-decoder framework has been recently applied for the generation of video and image descriptions. The combination of Convolutional and Recurrent Neural Networks in these models has proven to outperform the previous state of the art, obtaining more ...
computer science
1,894
CLEVR: A Diagnostic Dataset for Compositional Language and Elementary Visual Reasoning
cs.CV
When building artificial intelligence systems that can reason and answer questions about visual data, we need diagnostic tests to analyze our progress and discover shortcomings. Existing benchmarks for visual question answering can help, but have strong biases that models can exploit to correctly answer questions witho...
computer science
1,895
Image-Text Multi-Modal Representation Learning by Adversarial Backpropagation
cs.CV
We present novel method for image-text multi-modal representation learning. In our knowledge, this work is the first approach of applying adversarial learning concept to multi-modal learning and not exploiting image-text pair information to learn multi-modal feature. We only use category information in contrast with mo...
computer science
1,896
Speech Recognition Front End Without Information Loss
cs.CL
Speech representation and modelling in high-dimensional spaces of acoustic waveforms, or a linear transformation thereof, is investigated with the aim of improving the robustness of automatic speech recognition to additive noise. The motivation behind this approach is twofold: (i) the information in acoustic waveforms ...
computer science
1,897
Explain Images with Multimodal Recurrent Neural Networks
cs.CV
In this paper, we present a multimodal Recurrent Neural Network (m-RNN) model for generating novel sentence descriptions to explain the content of images. It directly models the probability distribution of generating a word given previous words and the image. Image descriptions are generated by sampling from this distr...
computer science
1,898
Unifying Visual-Semantic Embeddings with Multimodal Neural Language Models
cs.LG
Inspired by recent advances in multimodal learning and machine translation, we introduce an encoder-decoder pipeline that learns (a): a multimodal joint embedding space with images and text and (b): a novel language model for decoding distributed representations from our space. Our pipeline effectively unifies joint im...
computer science
1,899
Definition of Visual Speech Element and Research on a Method of Extracting Feature Vector for Korean Lip-Reading
cs.CL
In this paper, we defined the viseme (visual speech element) and described about the method of extracting visual feature vector. We defined the 10 visemes based on vowel by analyzing of Korean utterance and proposed the method of extracting the 20-dimensional visual feature vector, combination of static features and dy...
computer science