Unnamed: 0
int64
0
41k
title
stringlengths
4
274
category
stringlengths
5
18
summary
stringlengths
22
3.66k
theme
stringclasses
8 values
3,300
Clustering based on the In-tree Graph Structure and Affinity Propagation
cs.LG
A recently proposed clustering method, called the Nearest Descent (ND), can organize the whole dataset into a sparsely connected graph, called the In-tree. This ND-based Intree structure proves able to reveal the clustering structure underlying the dataset, except one imperfect place, that is, there are some undesired ...
computer science
3,301
Microscopic Advances with Large-Scale Learning: Stochastic Optimization for Cryo-EM
stat.ML
Determining the 3D structures of biological molecules is a key problem for both biology and medicine. Electron Cryomicroscopy (Cryo-EM) is a promising technique for structure estimation which relies heavily on computational methods to reconstruct 3D structures from 2D images. This paper introduces the challenging Cryo-...
computer science
3,302
Optimizing affinity-based binary hashing using auxiliary coordinates
cs.LG
In supervised binary hashing, one wants to learn a function that maps a high-dimensional feature vector to a vector of binary codes, for application to fast image retrieval. This typically results in a difficult optimization problem, nonconvex and nonsmooth, because of the discrete variables involved. Much work has sim...
computer science
3,303
Bi-Objective Nonnegative Matrix Factorization: Linear Versus Kernel-Based Models
stat.ML
Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a powerful class of feature extraction techniques that has been successfully applied in many fields, namely in signal and image processing. Current NMF techniques have been limited to a single-objective problem in either its linear or nonlinear kernel-based formulation. In this...
computer science
3,304
IT-map: an Effective Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction Method for Interactive Clustering
stat.ML
Scientists in many fields have the common and basic need of dimensionality reduction: visualizing the underlying structure of the massive multivariate data in a low-dimensional space. However, many dimensionality reduction methods confront the so-called "crowding problem" that clusters tend to overlap with each other i...
computer science
3,305
Efficient SDP Inference for Fully-connected CRFs Based on Low-rank Decomposition
cs.CV
Conditional Random Fields (CRF) have been widely used in a variety of computer vision tasks. Conventional CRFs typically define edges on neighboring image pixels, resulting in a sparse graph such that efficient inference can be performed. However, these CRFs fail to model long-range contextual relationships. Fully-conn...
computer science
3,306
Caffe con Troll: Shallow Ideas to Speed Up Deep Learning
cs.LG
We present Caffe con Troll (CcT), a fully compatible end-to-end version of the popular framework Caffe with rebuilt internals. We built CcT to examine the performance characteristics of training and deploying general-purpose convolutional neural networks across different hardware architectures. We find that, by employi...
computer science
3,307
Becoming the Expert - Interactive Multi-Class Machine Teaching
cs.CV
Compared to machines, humans are extremely good at classifying images into categories, especially when they possess prior knowledge of the categories at hand. If this prior information is not available, supervision in the form of teaching images is required. To learn categories more quickly, people should see important...
computer science
3,308
Semi-Orthogonal Multilinear PCA with Relaxed Start
stat.ML
Principal component analysis (PCA) is an unsupervised method for learning low-dimensional features with orthogonal projections. Multilinear PCA methods extend PCA to deal with multidimensional data (tensors) directly via tensor-to-tensor projection or tensor-to-vector projection (TVP). However, under the TVP setting, i...
computer science
3,309
Hierarchical Subquery Evaluation for Active Learning on a Graph
cs.CV
To train good supervised and semi-supervised object classifiers, it is critical that we not waste the time of the human experts who are providing the training labels. Existing active learning strategies can have uneven performance, being efficient on some datasets but wasteful on others, or inconsistent just between ru...
computer science
3,310
Deeply Learning the Messages in Message Passing Inference
cs.CV
Deep structured output learning shows great promise in tasks like semantic image segmentation. We proffer a new, efficient deep structured model learning scheme, in which we show how deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) can be used to estimate the messages in message passing inference for structured prediction wit...
computer science
3,311
Learning with Group Invariant Features: A Kernel Perspective
cs.LG
We analyze in this paper a random feature map based on a theory of invariance I-theory introduced recently. More specifically, a group invariant signal signature is obtained through cumulative distributions of group transformed random projections. Our analysis bridges invariant feature learning with kernel methods, as ...
computer science
3,312
Learning to Select Pre-Trained Deep Representations with Bayesian Evidence Framework
cs.CV
We propose a Bayesian evidence framework to facilitate transfer learning from pre-trained deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Our framework is formulated on top of a least squares SVM (LS-SVM) classifier, which is simple and fast in both training and testing, and achieves competitive performance in practice. The...
computer science
3,313
Generative Image Modeling Using Spatial LSTMs
stat.ML
Modeling the distribution of natural images is challenging, partly because of strong statistical dependencies which can extend over hundreds of pixels. Recurrent neural networks have been successful in capturing long-range dependencies in a number of problems but only recently have found their way into generative image...
computer science
3,314
Bayesian representation learning with oracle constraints
stat.ML
Representation learning systems typically rely on massive amounts of labeled data in order to be trained to high accuracy. Recently, high-dimensional parametric models like neural networks have succeeded in building rich representations using either compressive, reconstructive or supervised criteria. However, the seman...
computer science
3,315
Learning with a Wasserstein Loss
cs.LG
Learning to predict multi-label outputs is challenging, but in many problems there is a natural metric on the outputs that can be used to improve predictions. In this paper we develop a loss function for multi-label learning, based on the Wasserstein distance. The Wasserstein distance provides a natural notion of dissi...
computer science
3,316
A general framework for the IT-based clustering methods
cs.CV
Previously, we proposed a physically inspired rule to organize the data points in a sparse yet effective structure, called the in-tree (IT) graph, which is able to capture a wide class of underlying cluster structures in the datasets, especially for the density-based datasets. Although there are some redundant edges or...
computer science
3,317
Aligning where to see and what to tell: image caption with region-based attention and scene factorization
cs.CV
Recent progress on automatic generation of image captions has shown that it is possible to describe the most salient information conveyed by images with accurate and meaningful sentences. In this paper, we propose an image caption system that exploits the parallel structures between images and sentences. In our model, ...
computer science
3,318
Embed to Control: A Locally Linear Latent Dynamics Model for Control from Raw Images
cs.LG
We introduce Embed to Control (E2C), a method for model learning and control of non-linear dynamical systems from raw pixel images. E2C consists of a deep generative model, belonging to the family of variational autoencoders, that learns to generate image trajectories from a latent space in which the dynamics is constr...
computer science
3,319
A Novel Approach for Stable Selection of Informative Redundant Features from High Dimensional fMRI Data
cs.CV
Feature selection is among the most important components because it not only helps enhance the classification accuracy, but also or even more important provides potential biomarker discovery. However, traditional multivariate methods is likely to obtain unstable and unreliable results in case of an extremely high dimen...
computer science
3,320
LogDet Rank Minimization with Application to Subspace Clustering
cs.CV
Low-rank matrix is desired in many machine learning and computer vision problems. Most of the recent studies use the nuclear norm as a convex surrogate of the rank operator. However, all singular values are simply added together by the nuclear norm, and thus the rank may not be well approximated in practical problems. ...
computer science
3,321
Scalable Sparse Subspace Clustering by Orthogonal Matching Pursuit
cs.CV
Subspace clustering methods based on $\ell_1$, $\ell_2$ or nuclear norm regularization have become very popular due to their simplicity, theoretical guarantees and empirical success. However, the choice of the regularizer can greatly impact both theory and practice. For instance, $\ell_1$ regularization is guaranteed t...
computer science
3,322
Banzhaf Random Forests
cs.LG
Random forests are a type of ensemble method which makes predictions by combining the results of several independent trees. However, the theory of random forests has long been outpaced by their application. In this paper, we propose a novel random forests algorithm based on cooperative game theory. Banzhaf power index ...
computer science
3,323
Manitest: Are classifiers really invariant?
cs.CV
Invariance to geometric transformations is a highly desirable property of automatic classifiers in many image recognition tasks. Nevertheless, it is unclear to which extent state-of-the-art classifiers are invariant to basic transformations such as rotations and translations. This is mainly due to the lack of general m...
computer science
3,324
IT-Dendrogram: A New Member of the In-Tree (IT) Clustering Family
stat.ML
Previously, we proposed a physically-inspired method to construct data points into an effective in-tree (IT) structure, in which the underlying cluster structure in the dataset is well revealed. Although there are some edges in the IT structure requiring to be removed, such undesired edges are generally distinguishable...
computer science
3,325
A Generative Model for Multi-Dialect Representation
cs.CV
In the era of deep learning several unsupervised models have been developed to capture the key features in unlabeled handwritten data. Popular among them is the Restricted Boltzmann Machines RBM. However, due to the novelty in handwritten multidialect data, the RBM may fail to generate an efficient representation. In t...
computer science
3,326
Multi-criteria Similarity-based Anomaly Detection using Pareto Depth Analysis
cs.CV
We consider the problem of identifying patterns in a data set that exhibit anomalous behavior, often referred to as anomaly detection. Similarity-based anomaly detection algorithms detect abnormally large amounts of similarity or dissimilarity, e.g.~as measured by nearest neighbor Euclidean distances between a test sam...
computer science
3,327
DeepWriterID: An End-to-end Online Text-independent Writer Identification System
cs.CV
Owing to the rapid growth of touchscreen mobile terminals and pen-based interfaces, handwriting-based writer identification systems are attracting increasing attention for personal authentication, digital forensics, and other applications. However, most studies on writer identification have not been satisfying because ...
computer science
3,328
Learning A Task-Specific Deep Architecture For Clustering
cs.LG
While sparse coding-based clustering methods have shown to be successful, their bottlenecks in both efficiency and scalability limit the practical usage. In recent years, deep learning has been proved to be a highly effective, efficient and scalable feature learning tool. In this paper, we propose to emulate the sparse...
computer science
3,329
EM Algorithms for Weighted-Data Clustering with Application to Audio-Visual Scene Analysis
cs.CV
Data clustering has received a lot of attention and numerous methods, algorithms and software packages are available. Among these techniques, parametric finite-mixture models play a central role due to their interesting mathematical properties and to the existence of maximum-likelihood estimators based on expectation-m...
computer science
3,330
Clustering by Hierarchical Nearest Neighbor Descent (H-NND)
stat.ML
Previously in 2014, we proposed the Nearest Descent (ND) method, capable of generating an efficient Graph, called the in-tree (IT). Due to some beautiful and effective features, this IT structure proves well suited for data clustering. Although there exist some redundant edges in IT, they usually have salient features ...
computer science
3,331
A deep matrix factorization method for learning attribute representations
cs.CV
Semi-Non-negative Matrix Factorization is a technique that learns a low-dimensional representation of a dataset that lends itself to a clustering interpretation. It is possible that the mapping between this new representation and our original data matrix contains rather complex hierarchical information with implicit lo...
computer science
3,332
Large-scale subspace clustering using sketching and validation
cs.LG
The nowadays massive amounts of generated and communicated data present major challenges in their processing. While capable of successfully classifying nonlinearly separable objects in various settings, subspace clustering (SC) methods incur prohibitively high computational complexity when processing large-scale data. ...
computer science
3,333
Structured Transforms for Small-Footprint Deep Learning
stat.ML
We consider the task of building compact deep learning pipelines suitable for deployment on storage and power constrained mobile devices. We propose a unified framework to learn a broad family of structured parameter matrices that are characterized by the notion of low displacement rank. Our structured transforms admit...
computer science
3,334
Texture Modelling with Nested High-order Markov-Gibbs Random Fields
cs.CV
Currently, Markov-Gibbs random field (MGRF) image models which include high-order interactions are almost always built by modelling responses of a stack of local linear filters. Actual interaction structure is specified implicitly by the filter coefficients. In contrast, we learn an explicit high-order MGRF structure b...
computer science
3,335
The Wilson Machine for Image Modeling
stat.ML
Learning the distribution of natural images is one of the hardest and most important problems in machine learning. The problem remains open, because the enormous complexity of the structures in natural images spans all length scales. We break down the complexity of the problem and show that the hierarchy of structures ...
computer science
3,336
Properties of the Sample Mean in Graph Spaces and the Majorize-Minimize-Mean Algorithm
cs.CV
One of the most fundamental concepts in statistics is the concept of sample mean. Properties of the sample mean that are well-defined in Euclidean spaces become unwieldy or even unclear in graph spaces. Open problems related to the sample mean of graphs include: non-existence, non-uniqueness, statistical inconsistency,...
computer science
3,337
Multiple Instance Dictionary Learning using Functions of Multiple Instances
cs.CV
A multiple instance dictionary learning method using functions of multiple instances (DL-FUMI) is proposed to address target detection and two-class classification problems with inaccurate training labels. Given inaccurate training labels, DL-FUMI learns a set of target dictionary atoms that describe the most distincti...
computer science
3,338
Deep Mean Maps
stat.ML
The use of distributions and high-level features from deep architecture has become commonplace in modern computer vision. Both of these methodologies have separately achieved a great deal of success in many computer vision tasks. However, there has been little work attempting to leverage the power of these to methodolo...
computer science
3,339
Robust PCA via Nonconvex Rank Approximation
cs.CV
Numerous applications in data mining and machine learning require recovering a matrix of minimal rank. Robust principal component analysis (RPCA) is a general framework for handling this kind of problems. Nuclear norm based convex surrogate of the rank function in RPCA is widely investigated. Under certain assumptions,...
computer science
3,340
Deep multi-scale video prediction beyond mean square error
cs.LG
Learning to predict future images from a video sequence involves the construction of an internal representation that models the image evolution accurately, and therefore, to some degree, its content and dynamics. This is why pixel-space video prediction may be viewed as a promising avenue for unsupervised feature learn...
computer science
3,341
Convolutional neural networks with low-rank regularization
cs.LG
Large CNNs have delivered impressive performance in various computer vision applications. But the storage and computation requirements make it problematic for deploying these models on mobile devices. Recently, tensor decompositions have been used for speeding up CNNs. In this paper, we further develop the tensor decom...
computer science
3,342
Multimodal sparse representation learning and applications
cs.LG
Unsupervised methods have proven effective for discriminative tasks in a single-modality scenario. In this paper, we present a multimodal framework for learning sparse representations that can capture semantic correlation between modalities. The framework can model relationships at a higher level by forcing the shared ...
computer science
3,343
Deep Manifold Traversal: Changing Labels with Convolutional Features
cs.LG
Many tasks in computer vision can be cast as a "label changing" problem, where the goal is to make a semantic change to the appearance of an image or some subject in an image in order to alter the class membership. Although successful task-specific methods have been developed for some label changing applications, to da...
computer science
3,344
Fast Metric Learning For Deep Neural Networks
cs.LG
Similarity metrics are a core component of many information retrieval and machine learning systems. In this work we propose a method capable of learning a similarity metric from data equipped with a binary relation. By considering only the similarity constraints, and initially ignoring the features, we are able to lear...
computer science
3,345
Top-k Multiclass SVM
stat.ML
Class ambiguity is typical in image classification problems with a large number of classes. When classes are difficult to discriminate, it makes sense to allow k guesses and evaluate classifiers based on the top-k error instead of the standard zero-one loss. We propose top-k multiclass SVM as a direct method to optimiz...
computer science
3,346
Loss Functions for Top-k Error: Analysis and Insights
stat.ML
In order to push the performance on realistic computer vision tasks, the number of classes in modern benchmark datasets has significantly increased in recent years. This increase in the number of classes comes along with increased ambiguity between the class labels, raising the question if top-1 error is the right perf...
computer science
3,347
A Large Dataset to Train Convolutional Networks for Disparity, Optical Flow, and Scene Flow Estimation
cs.CV
Recent work has shown that optical flow estimation can be formulated as a supervised learning task and can be successfully solved with convolutional networks. Training of the so-called FlowNet was enabled by a large synthetically generated dataset. The present paper extends the concept of optical flow estimation via co...
computer science
3,348
Pseudo-Bayesian Robust PCA: Algorithms and Analyses
cs.CV
Commonly used in computer vision and other applications, robust PCA represents an algorithmic attempt to reduce the sensitivity of classical PCA to outliers. The basic idea is to learn a decomposition of some data matrix of interest into low rank and sparse components, the latter representing unwanted outliers. Althoug...
computer science
3,349
Implementation of deep learning algorithm for automatic detection of brain tumors using intraoperative IR-thermal mapping data
cs.CV
The efficiency of deep machine learning for automatic delineation of tumor areas has been demonstrated for intraoperative neuronavigation using active IR-mapping with the use of the cold test. The proposed approach employs a matrix IR-imager to remotely register the space-time distribution of surface temperature patter...
computer science
3,350
A Deep Generative Deconvolutional Image Model
cs.CV
A deep generative model is developed for representation and analysis of images, based on a hierarchical convolutional dictionary-learning framework. Stochastic {\em unpooling} is employed to link consecutive layers in the model, yielding top-down image generation. A Bayesian support vector machine is linked to the top-...
computer science
3,351
A Latent-Variable Lattice Model
cs.LG
Markov random field (MRF) learning is intractable, and its approximation algorithms are computationally expensive. We target a small subset of MRF that is used frequently in computer vision. We characterize this subset with three concepts: Lattice, Homogeneity, and Inertia; and design a non-markov model as an alternati...
computer science
3,352
Autoencoding beyond pixels using a learned similarity metric
cs.LG
We present an autoencoder that leverages learned representations to better measure similarities in data space. By combining a variational autoencoder with a generative adversarial network we can use learned feature representations in the GAN discriminator as basis for the VAE reconstruction objective. Thereby, we repla...
computer science
3,353
Improved graph-based SFA: Information preservation complements the slowness principle
cs.CV
Slow feature analysis (SFA) is an unsupervised-learning algorithm that extracts slowly varying features from a multi-dimensional time series. A supervised extension to SFA for classification and regression is graph-based SFA (GSFA). GSFA is based on the preservation of similarities, which are specified by a graph struc...
computer science
3,354
Understanding Deep Convolutional Networks
stat.ML
Deep convolutional networks provide state of the art classifications and regressions results over many high-dimensional problems. We review their architecture, which scatters data with a cascade of linear filter weights and non-linearities. A mathematical framework is introduced to analyze their properties. Computation...
computer science
3,355
An ensemble diversity approach to supervised binary hashing
cs.LG
Binary hashing is a well-known approach for fast approximate nearest-neighbor search in information retrieval. Much work has focused on affinity-based objective functions involving the hash functions or binary codes. These objective functions encode neighborhood information between data points and are often inspired by...
computer science
3,356
Random Feature Maps via a Layered Random Projection (LaRP) Framework for Object Classification
cs.CV
The approximation of nonlinear kernels via linear feature maps has recently gained interest due to their applications in reducing the training and testing time of kernel-based learning algorithms. Current random projection methods avoid the curse of dimensionality by embedding the nonlinear feature space into a low dim...
computer science
3,357
Ensemble Robustness and Generalization of Stochastic Deep Learning Algorithms
cs.LG
The question why deep learning algorithms generalize so well has attracted increasing research interest. However, most of the well-established approaches, such as hypothesis capacity, stability or sparseness, have not provided complete explanations (Zhang et al., 2016; Kawaguchi et al., 2017). In this work, we focus on...
computer science
3,358
Learning deep representation of multityped objects and tasks
stat.ML
We introduce a deep multitask architecture to integrate multityped representations of multimodal objects. This multitype exposition is less abstract than the multimodal characterization, but more machine-friendly, and thus is more precise to model. For example, an image can be described by multiple visual views, which ...
computer science
3,359
Variational methods for Conditional Multimodal Deep Learning
cs.CV
In this paper, we address the problem of conditional modality learning, whereby one is interested in generating one modality given the other. While it is straightforward to learn a joint distribution over multiple modalities using a deep multimodal architecture, we observe that such models aren't very effective at cond...
computer science
3,360
Ensemble of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Learning to Detect Retinal Vessels in Fundus Images
cs.LG
Vision impairment due to pathological damage of the retina can largely be prevented through periodic screening using fundus color imaging. However the challenge with large scale screening is the inability to exhaustively detect fine blood vessels crucial to disease diagnosis. In this work we present a computational ima...
computer science
3,361
An end-to-end convolutional selective autoencoder approach to Soybean Cyst Nematode eggs detection
cs.CV
This paper proposes a novel selective autoencoder approach within the framework of deep convolutional networks. The crux of the idea is to train a deep convolutional autoencoder to suppress undesired parts of an image frame while allowing the desired parts resulting in efficient object detection. The efficacy of the fr...
computer science
3,362
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks on Cartoon Functions
cs.LG
Wiatowski and B\"olcskei, 2015, proved that deformation stability and vertical translation invariance of deep convolutional neural network-based feature extractors are guaranteed by the network structure per se rather than the specific convolution kernels and non-linearities. While the translation invariance result app...
computer science
3,363
Oracle Based Active Set Algorithm for Scalable Elastic Net Subspace Clustering
cs.LG
State-of-the-art subspace clustering methods are based on expressing each data point as a linear combination of other data points while regularizing the matrix of coefficients with $\ell_1$, $\ell_2$ or nuclear norms. $\ell_1$ regularization is guaranteed to give a subspace-preserving affinity (i.e., there are no conne...
computer science
3,364
A Theoretical Analysis of Deep Neural Networks for Texture Classification
cs.CV
We investigate the use of Deep Neural Networks for the classification of image datasets where texture features are important for generating class-conditional discriminative representations. To this end, we first derive the size of the feature space for some standard textural features extracted from the input dataset an...
computer science
3,365
Incremental Robot Learning of New Objects with Fixed Update Time
stat.ML
We consider object recognition in the context of lifelong learning, where a robotic agent learns to discriminate between a growing number of object classes as it accumulates experience about the environment. We propose an incremental variant of the Regularized Least Squares for Classification (RLSC) algorithm, and expl...
computer science
3,366
End-to-End Kernel Learning with Supervised Convolutional Kernel Networks
stat.ML
In this paper, we introduce a new image representation based on a multilayer kernel machine. Unlike traditional kernel methods where data representation is decoupled from the prediction task, we learn how to shape the kernel with supervision. We proceed by first proposing improvements of the recently-introduced convolu...
computer science
3,367
A Rapid Pattern-Recognition Method for Driving Types Using Clustering-Based Support Vector Machines
stat.ML
A rapid pattern-recognition approach to characterize driver's curve-negotiating behavior is proposed. To shorten the recognition time and improve the recognition of driving styles, a k-means clustering-based support vector machine ( kMC-SVM) method is developed and used for classifying drivers into two types: aggressiv...
computer science
3,368
Stochastic Function Norm Regularization of Deep Networks
cs.LG
Deep neural networks have had an enormous impact on image analysis. State-of-the-art training methods, based on weight decay and DropOut, result in impressive performance when a very large training set is available. However, they tend to have large problems overfitting to small data sets. Indeed, the available regulari...
computer science
3,369
Hyperspectral Image Classification with Support Vector Machines on Kernel Distribution Embeddings
cs.CV
We propose a novel approach for pixel classification in hyperspectral images, leveraging on both the spatial and spectral information in the data. The introduced method relies on a recently proposed framework for learning on distributions -- by representing them with mean elements in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (...
computer science
3,370
Integrated perception with recurrent multi-task neural networks
stat.ML
Modern discriminative predictors have been shown to match natural intelligences in specific perceptual tasks in image classification, object and part detection, boundary extraction, etc. However, a major advantage that natural intelligences still have is that they work well for "all" perceptual problems together, solvi...
computer science
3,371
Mutual Exclusivity Loss for Semi-Supervised Deep Learning
cs.CV
In this paper we consider the problem of semi-supervised learning with deep Convolutional Neural Networks (ConvNets). Semi-supervised learning is motivated on the observation that unlabeled data is cheap and can be used to improve the accuracy of classifiers. In this paper we propose an unsupervised regularization term...
computer science
3,372
TRex: A Tomography Reconstruction Proximal Framework for Robust Sparse View X-Ray Applications
math.OC
We present TRex, a flexible and robust Tomographic Reconstruction framework using proximal algorithms. We provide an overview and perform an experimental comparison between the famous iterative reconstruction methods in terms of reconstruction quality in sparse view situations. We then derive the proximal operators for...
computer science
3,373
Combining multiscale features for classification of hyperspectral images: a sequence based kernel approach
cs.CV
Nowadays, hyperspectral image classification widely copes with spatial information to improve accuracy. One of the most popular way to integrate such information is to extract hierarchical features from a multiscale segmentation. In the classification context, the extracted features are commonly concatenated into a lon...
computer science
3,374
DropNeuron: Simplifying the Structure of Deep Neural Networks
cs.CV
Deep learning using multi-layer neural networks (NNs) architecture manifests superb power in modern machine learning systems. The trained Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are typically large. The question we would like to address is whether it is possible to simplify the NN during training process to achieve a reasonable pe...
computer science
3,375
Multipartite Ranking-Selection of Low-Dimensional Instances by Supervised Projection to High-Dimensional Space
stat.ML
Pruning of redundant or irrelevant instances of data is a key to every successful solution for pattern recognition. In this paper, we present a novel ranking-selection framework for low-length but highly correlated instances. Instead of working in the low-dimensional instance space, we learn a supervised projection to ...
computer science
3,376
Learning without Forgetting
cs.CV
When building a unified vision system or gradually adding new capabilities to a system, the usual assumption is that training data for all tasks is always available. However, as the number of tasks grows, storing and retraining on such data becomes infeasible. A new problem arises where we add new capabilities to a Con...
computer science
3,377
Unsupervised Learning of 3D Structure from Images
cs.CV
A key goal of computer vision is to recover the underlying 3D structure from 2D observations of the world. In this paper we learn strong deep generative models of 3D structures, and recover these structures from 3D and 2D images via probabilistic inference. We demonstrate high-quality samples and report log-likelihoods...
computer science
3,378
Adversarial examples in the physical world
cs.CV
Most existing machine learning classifiers are highly vulnerable to adversarial examples. An adversarial example is a sample of input data which has been modified very slightly in a way that is intended to cause a machine learning classifier to misclassify it. In many cases, these modifications can be so subtle that a ...
computer science
3,379
Information-theoretical label embeddings for large-scale image classification
cs.CV
We present a method for training multi-label, massively multi-class image classification models, that is faster and more accurate than supervision via a sigmoid cross-entropy loss (logistic regression). Our method consists in embedding high-dimensional sparse labels onto a lower-dimensional dense sphere of unit-normed ...
computer science
3,380
On the Modeling of Error Functions as High Dimensional Landscapes for Weight Initialization in Learning Networks
cs.LG
Next generation deep neural networks for classification hosted on embedded platforms will rely on fast, efficient, and accurate learning algorithms. Initialization of weights in learning networks has a great impact on the classification accuracy. In this paper we focus on deriving good initial weights by modeling the e...
computer science
3,381
A Statistical Test for Joint Distributions Equivalence
cs.LG
We provide a distribution-free test that can be used to determine whether any two joint distributions $p$ and $q$ are statistically different by inspection of a large enough set of samples. Following recent efforts from Long et al. [1], we rely on joint kernel distribution embedding to extend the kernel two-sample test...
computer science
3,382
Recurrent Fully Convolutional Neural Networks for Multi-slice MRI Cardiac Segmentation
stat.ML
In cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, fully-automatic segmentation of the heart enables precise structural and functional measurements to be taken, e.g. from short-axis MR images of the left-ventricle. In this work we propose a recurrent fully-convolutional network (RFCN) that learns image representations from the ful...
computer science
3,383
Generative and Discriminative Voxel Modeling with Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.CV
When working with three-dimensional data, choice of representation is key. We explore voxel-based models, and present evidence for the viability of voxellated representations in applications including shape modeling and object classification. Our key contributions are methods for training voxel-based variational autoen...
computer science
3,384
Online Feature Selection with Group Structure Analysis
cs.CV
Online selection of dynamic features has attracted intensive interest in recent years. However, existing online feature selection methods evaluate features individually and ignore the underlying structure of feature stream. For instance, in image analysis, features are generated in groups which represent color, texture...
computer science
3,385
Kullback-Leibler Penalized Sparse Discriminant Analysis for Event-Related Potential Classification
cs.CV
A brain computer interface (BCI) is a system which provides direct communication between the mind of a person and the outside world by using only brain activity (EEG). The event-related potential (ERP)-based BCI problem consists of a binary pattern recognition. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is widely used to solve...
computer science
3,386
Robustness of classifiers: from adversarial to random noise
cs.LG
Several recent works have shown that state-of-the-art classifiers are vulnerable to worst-case (i.e., adversarial) perturbations of the datapoints. On the other hand, it has been empirically observed that these same classifiers are relatively robust to random noise. In this paper, we propose to study a \textit{semi-ran...
computer science
3,387
SEBOOST - Boosting Stochastic Learning Using Subspace Optimization Techniques
cs.CV
We present SEBOOST, a technique for boosting the performance of existing stochastic optimization methods. SEBOOST applies a secondary optimization process in the subspace spanned by the last steps and descent directions. The method was inspired by the SESOP optimization method for large-scale problems, and has been ada...
computer science
3,388
A Probabilistic Optimum-Path Forest Classifier for Binary Classification Problems
cs.CV
Probabilistic-driven classification techniques extend the role of traditional approaches that output labels (usually integer numbers) only. Such techniques are more fruitful when dealing with problems where one is not interested in recognition/identification only, but also into monitoring the behavior of consumers and/...
computer science
3,389
Unsupervised Monocular Depth Estimation with Left-Right Consistency
cs.CV
Learning based methods have shown very promising results for the task of depth estimation in single images. However, most existing approaches treat depth prediction as a supervised regression problem and as a result, require vast quantities of corresponding ground truth depth data for training. Just recording quality d...
computer science
3,390
Fast and Effective Algorithms for Symmetric Nonnegative Matrix Factorization
cs.CV
Symmetric Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (SNMF) models arise naturally as simple reformulations of many standard clustering algorithms including the popular spectral clustering method. Recent work has demonstrated that an elementary instance of SNMF provides superior clustering quality compared to many classic cluste...
computer science
3,391
Automatic Construction of a Recurrent Neural Network based Classifier for Vehicle Passage Detection
cs.CV
Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are extensively used for time-series modeling and prediction. We propose an approach for automatic construction of a binary classifier based on Long Short-Term Memory RNNs (LSTM-RNNs) for detection of a vehicle passage through a checkpoint. As an input to the classifier we use multidime...
computer science
3,392
Amortised MAP Inference for Image Super-resolution
cs.CV
Image super-resolution (SR) is an underdetermined inverse problem, where a large number of plausible high-resolution images can explain the same downsampled image. Most current single image SR methods use empirical risk minimisation, often with a pixel-wise mean squared error (MSE) loss. However, the outputs from such ...
computer science
3,393
Change-point Detection Methods for Body-Worn Video
cs.CV
Body-worn video (BWV) cameras are increasingly utilized by police departments to provide a record of police-public interactions. However, large-scale BWV deployment produces terabytes of data per week, necessitating the development of effective computational methods to identify salient changes in video. In work carried...
computer science
3,394
Temporal Matrix Completion with Locally Linear Latent Factors for Medical Applications
cs.LG
Regular medical records are useful for medical practitioners to analyze and monitor patient health status especially for those with chronic disease, but such records are usually incomplete due to unpunctuality and absence of patients. In order to resolve the missing data problem over time, tensor-based model is suggest...
computer science
3,395
Initialization and Coordinate Optimization for Multi-way Matching
stat.ML
We consider the problem of consistently matching multiple sets of elements to each other, which is a common task in fields such as computer vision. To solve the underlying NP-hard objective, existing methods often relax or approximate it, but end up with unsatisfying empirical performance due to a misaligned objective....
computer science
3,396
Adversarial Machine Learning at Scale
cs.CV
Adversarial examples are malicious inputs designed to fool machine learning models. They often transfer from one model to another, allowing attackers to mount black box attacks without knowledge of the target model's parameters. Adversarial training is the process of explicitly training a model on adversarial examples,...
computer science
3,397
Multilinear Low-Rank Tensors on Graphs & Applications
cs.CV
We propose a new framework for the analysis of low-rank tensors which lies at the intersection of spectral graph theory and signal processing. As a first step, we present a new graph based low-rank decomposition which approximates the classical low-rank SVD for matrices and multi-linear SVD for tensors. Then, building ...
computer science
3,398
Deep Variational Inference Without Pixel-Wise Reconstruction
stat.ML
Variational autoencoders (VAEs), that are built upon deep neural networks have emerged as popular generative models in computer vision. Most of the work towards improving variational autoencoders has focused mainly on making the approximations to the posterior flexible and accurate, leading to tremendous progress. Howe...
computer science
3,399
Max-Margin Deep Generative Models for (Semi-)Supervised Learning
cs.CV
Deep generative models (DGMs) are effective on learning multilayered representations of complex data and performing inference of input data by exploring the generative ability. However, it is relatively insufficient to empower the discriminative ability of DGMs on making accurate predictions. This paper presents max-ma...
computer science