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3,500
Class-Splitting Generative Adversarial Networks
stat.ML
Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) produce systematically better quality samples when class label information is provided., i.e. in the conditional GAN setup. This is still observed for the recently proposed Wasserstein GAN formulation which stabilized adversarial training and allows considering high capacity netwo...
computer science
3,501
Unsupervised Domain Adaptation with Copula Models
cs.LG
We study the task of unsupervised domain adaptation, where no labeled data from the target domain is provided during training time. To deal with the potential discrepancy between the source and target distributions, both in features and labels, we exploit a copula-based regression framework. The benefits of this approa...
computer science
3,502
Facial Key Points Detection using Deep Convolutional Neural Network - NaimishNet
cs.CV
Facial Key Points (FKPs) Detection is an important and challenging problem in the fields of computer vision and machine learning. It involves predicting the co-ordinates of the FKPs, e.g. nose tip, center of eyes, etc, for a given face. In this paper, we propose a LeNet adapted Deep CNN model - NaimishNet, to operate o...
computer science
3,503
A Fully Convolutional Network for Semantic Labeling of 3D Point Clouds
cs.CV
When classifying point clouds, a large amount of time is devoted to the process of engineering a reliable set of features which are then passed to a classifier of choice. Generally, such features - usually derived from the 3D-covariance matrix - are computed using the surrounding neighborhood of points. While these fea...
computer science
3,504
Efficient K-Shot Learning with Regularized Deep Networks
cs.CV
Feature representations from pre-trained deep neural networks have been known to exhibit excellent generalization and utility across a variety of related tasks. Fine-tuning is by far the simplest and most widely used approach that seeks to exploit and adapt these feature representations to novel tasks with limited data...
computer science
3,505
Real-Time Illegal Parking Detection System Based on Deep Learning
cs.CV
The increasing illegal parking has become more and more serious. Nowadays the methods of detecting illegally parked vehicles are based on background segmentation. However, this method is weakly robust and sensitive to environment. Benefitting from deep learning, this paper proposes a novel illegal vehicle parking detec...
computer science
3,506
Reconstruction of Hidden Representation for Robust Feature Extraction
cs.LG
This paper aims to develop a new and robust approach to feature representation. Motivated by the success of Auto-Encoders, we first theoretical summarize the general properties of all algorithms that are based on traditional Auto-Encoders: 1) The reconstruction error of the input or corrupted input can not be lower tha...
computer science
3,507
Self-Taught Support Vector Machine
cs.CV
In this paper, a new approach for classification of target task using limited labeled target data as well as enormous unlabeled source data is proposed which is called self-taught learning. The target and source data can be drawn from different distributions. In the previous approaches, covariate shift assumption is co...
computer science
3,508
The Feeling of Success: Does Touch Sensing Help Predict Grasp Outcomes?
cs.RO
A successful grasp requires careful balancing of the contact forces. Deducing whether a particular grasp will be successful from indirect measurements, such as vision, is therefore quite challenging, and direct sensing of contacts through touch sensing provides an appealing avenue toward more successful and consistent ...
computer science
3,509
TensorQuant - A Simulation Toolbox for Deep Neural Network Quantization
cs.CV
Recent research implies that training and inference of deep neural networks (DNN) can be computed with low precision numerical representations of the training/test data, weights and gradients without a general loss in accuracy. The benefit of such compact representations is twofold: they allow a significant reduction o...
computer science
3,510
Learning Wasserstein Embeddings
stat.ML
The Wasserstein distance received a lot of attention recently in the community of machine learning, especially for its principled way of comparing distributions. It has found numerous applications in several hard problems, such as domain adaptation, dimensionality reduction or generative models. However, its use is sti...
computer science
3,511
Incomplete Dot Products for Dynamic Computation Scaling in Neural Network Inference
cs.LG
We propose the use of incomplete dot products (IDP) to dynamically adjust the number of input channels used in each layer of a convolutional neural network during feedforward inference. IDP adds monotonically non-increasing coefficients, referred to as a "profile", to the channels during training. The profile orders th...
computer science
3,512
Rethinking Convolutional Semantic Segmentation Learning
cs.LG
Deep convolutional semantic segmentation (DCSS) learning doesn't converge to an optimal local minimum with random parameters initializations; a pre-trained model on the same domain becomes necessary to achieve convergence.In this work, we propose a joint cooperative end-to-end learning method for DCSS. It addresses man...
computer science
3,513
One pixel attack for fooling deep neural networks
cs.LG
Recent research has revealed that the output of Deep Neural Networks (DNN) can be easily altered by adding relatively small perturbations to the input vector. In this paper, we analyze an attack in an extremely limited scenario where only one pixel can be modified. For that we propose a novel method for generating one-...
computer science
3,514
Supervised Classification: Quite a Brief Overview
cs.LG
The original problem of supervised classification considers the task of automatically assigning objects to their respective classes on the basis of numerical measurements derived from these objects. Classifiers are the tools that implement the actual functional mapping from these measurements---also called features or ...
computer science
3,515
Stochastic Conjugate Gradient Algorithm with Variance Reduction
cs.LG
Conjugate gradient methods are a class of important methods for solving linear equations and nonlinear optimization. In our work, we propose a new stochastic conjugate gradient algorithm with variance reduction (CGVR) and prove its linear convergence with the Fletcher and Revves method for strongly convex and smooth fu...
computer science
3,516
Deep Learning for Accelerated Ultrasound Imaging
cs.CV
In portable, 3-D, or ultra-fast ultrasound (US) imaging systems, there is an increasing demand to reconstruct high quality images from limited number of data. However, the existing solutions require either hardware changes or computationally expansive algorithms. To overcome these limitations, here we propose a novel d...
computer science
3,517
Beyond Finite Layer Neural Networks: Bridging Deep Architectures and Numerical Differential Equations
cs.CV
In our work, we bridge deep neural network design with numerical differential equations. We show that many effective networks, such as ResNet, PolyNet, FractalNet and RevNet, can be interpreted as different numerical discretizations of differential equations. This finding brings us a brand new perspective on the design...
computer science
3,518
Stochastic variance reduced multiplicative update for nonnegative matrix factorization
cs.NA
Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), a dimensionality reduction and factor analysis method, is a special case in which factor matrices have low-rank nonnegative constraints. Considering the stochastic learning in NMF, we specifically address the multiplicative update (MU) rule, which is the most popular, but which h...
computer science
3,519
Denoising random forests
cs.CV
This paper proposes a novel type of random forests called a denoising random forests that are robust against noises contained in test samples. Such noise-corrupted samples cause serious damage to the estimation performances of random forests, since unexpected child nodes are often selected and the leaf nodes that the i...
computer science
3,520
A Connection between Feed-Forward Neural Networks and Probabilistic Graphical Models
stat.ML
Two of the most popular modelling paradigms in computer vision are feed-forward neural networks (FFNs) and probabilistic graphical models (GMs). Various connections between the two have been studied in recent works, such as e.g. expressing mean-field based inference in a GM as an FFN. This paper establishes a new conne...
computer science
3,521
CrescendoNet: A Simple Deep Convolutional Neural Network with Ensemble Behavior
cs.LG
We introduce a new deep convolutional neural network, CrescendoNet, by stacking simple building blocks without residual connections. Each Crescendo block contains independent convolution paths with increased depths. The numbers of convolution layers and parameters are only increased linearly in Crescendo blocks. In exp...
computer science
3,522
Accelerated Sparse Subspace Clustering
cs.LG
State-of-the-art algorithms for sparse subspace clustering perform spectral clustering on a similarity matrix typically obtained by representing each data point as a sparse combination of other points using either basis pursuit (BP) or orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP). BP-based methods are often prohibitive in practic...
computer science
3,523
Don't Decay the Learning Rate, Increase the Batch Size
cs.LG
It is common practice to decay the learning rate. Here we show one can usually obtain the same learning curve on both training and test sets by instead increasing the batch size during training. This procedure is successful for stochastic gradient descent (SGD), SGD with momentum, Nesterov momentum, and Adam. It reache...
computer science
3,524
Towards Reverse-Engineering Black-Box Neural Networks
stat.ML
Many deployed learned models are black boxes: given input, returns output. Internal information about the model, such as the architecture, optimisation procedure, or training data, is not disclosed explicitly as it might contain proprietary information or make the system more vulnerable. This work shows that such attri...
computer science
3,525
Optimal transport maps for distribution preserving operations on latent spaces of Generative Models
cs.LG
Generative models such as Variational Auto Encoders (VAEs) and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are typically trained for a fixed prior distribution in the latent space, such as uniform or Gaussian. After a trained model is obtained, one can sample the Generator in various forms for exploration and understanding,...
computer science
3,526
End-to-End Abnormality Detection in Medical Imaging
cs.CV
Nearly all of the deep learning based image analysis methods work on reconstructed images, which are obtained from original acquisitions via solving inverse problems. The reconstruction algorithms are designed for human observers, but not necessarily optimized for DNNs. It is desirable to train the DNNs directly from t...
computer science
3,527
Interpreting Convolutional Neural Networks Through Compression
stat.ML
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) achieve state-of-the-art performance in a wide variety of tasks in computer vision. However, interpreting CNNs still remains a challenge. This is mainly due to the large number of parameters in these networks. Here, we investigate the role of compression and particularly pruning fil...
computer science
3,528
Moonshine: Distilling with Cheap Convolutions
stat.ML
Model distillation compresses a trained machine learning model, such as a neural network, into a smaller alternative such that it could be easily deployed in a resource limited setting. Unfortunately, this requires engineering two architectures: a student architecture smaller than the first teacher architecture but tra...
computer science
3,529
Deep Hyperspherical Learning
cs.LG
Convolution as inner product has been the founding basis of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and the key to end-to-end visual representation learning. Benefiting from deeper architectures, recent CNNs have demonstrated increasingly strong representation abilities. Despite such improvement, the increased depth and l...
computer science
3,530
Poverty Prediction with Public Landsat 7 Satellite Imagery and Machine Learning
stat.ML
Obtaining detailed and reliable data about local economic livelihoods in developing countries is expensive, and data are consequently scarce. Previous work has shown that it is possible to measure local-level economic livelihoods using high-resolution satellite imagery. However, such imagery is relatively expensive to ...
computer science
3,531
Breast density classification with deep convolutional neural networks
cs.CV
Breast density classification is an essential part of breast cancer screening. Although a lot of prior work considered this problem as a task for learning algorithms, to our knowledge, all of them used small and not clinically realistic data both for training and evaluation of their models. In this work, we explore the...
computer science
3,532
CUR Decompositions, Similarity Matrices, and Subspace Clustering
cs.LG
A general framework for solving the subspace clustering problem using the CUR decomposition is presented. The CUR decomposition provides a natural way to construct similarity matrices for data that come from a union of unknown subspaces $\mathscr{U}=\underset{i=1}{\overset{M}\bigcup}S_i$. The similarity matrices thus c...
computer science
3,533
Learning and Visualizing Localized Geometric Features Using 3D-CNN: An Application to Manufacturability Analysis of Drilled Holes
stat.ML
3D Convolutional Neural Networks (3D-CNN) have been used for object recognition based on the voxelized shape of an object. However, interpreting the decision making process of these 3D-CNNs is still an infeasible task. In this paper, we present a unique 3D-CNN based Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping method (3D...
computer science
3,534
Modeling Human Categorization of Natural Images Using Deep Feature Representations
cs.CV
Over the last few decades, psychologists have developed sophisticated formal models of human categorization using simple artificial stimuli. In this paper, we use modern machine learning methods to extend this work into the realm of naturalistic stimuli, enabling human categorization to be studied over the complex visu...
computer science
3,535
CheXNet: Radiologist-Level Pneumonia Detection on Chest X-Rays with Deep Learning
cs.CV
We develop an algorithm that can detect pneumonia from chest X-rays at a level exceeding practicing radiologists. Our algorithm, CheXNet, is a 121-layer convolutional neural network trained on ChestX-ray14, currently the largest publicly available chest X-ray dataset, containing over 100,000 frontal-view X-ray images w...
computer science
3,536
Sliced Wasserstein Distance for Learning Gaussian Mixture Models
cs.CV
Gaussian mixture models (GMM) are powerful parametric tools with many applications in machine learning and computer vision. Expectation maximization (EM) is the most popular algorithm for estimating the GMM parameters. However, EM guarantees only convergence to a stationary point of the log-likelihood function, which c...
computer science
3,537
MARGIN: Uncovering Deep Neural Networks using Graph Signal Analysis
stat.ML
Interpretability has emerged as a crucial aspect of machine learning, aimed at providing insights into the working of complex neural networks. However, existing solutions vary vastly based on the nature of the interpretability task, with each use case requiring substantial time and effort. This paper introduces MARGIN,...
computer science
3,538
Aggregated Wasserstein Metric and State Registration for Hidden Markov Models
cs.LG
We propose a framework, named Aggregated Wasserstein, for computing a dissimilarity measure or distance between two Hidden Markov Models with state conditional distributions being Gaussian. For such HMMs, the marginal distribution at any time position follows a Gaussian mixture distribution, a fact exploited to softly ...
computer science
3,539
A Forward-Backward Approach for Visualizing Information Flow in Deep Networks
stat.ML
We introduce a new, systematic framework for visualizing information flow in deep networks. Specifically, given any trained deep convolutional network model and a given test image, our method produces a compact support in the image domain that corresponds to a (high-resolution) feature that contributes to the given exp...
computer science
3,540
BPGrad: Towards Global Optimality in Deep Learning via Branch and Pruning
stat.ML
Understanding the global optimality in deep learning (DL) has been attracting more and more attention recently. Conventional DL solvers, however, have not been developed intentionally to seek for such global optimality. In this paper we propose a novel approximation algorithm, BPGrad, towards optimizing deep models glo...
computer science
3,541
Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Semantic Segmentation with GANs
cs.CV
Visual Domain Adaptation is a problem of immense importance in computer vision. Previous approaches showcase the inability of even deep neural networks to learn informative representations across domain shift. This problem is more severe for tasks where acquiring hand labeled data is extremely hard and tedious. In this...
computer science
3,542
Convergent Block Coordinate Descent for Training Tikhonov Regularized Deep Neural Networks
stat.ML
By lifting the ReLU function into a higher dimensional space, we develop a smooth multi-convex formulation for training feed-forward deep neural networks (DNNs). This allows us to develop a block coordinate descent (BCD) training algorithm consisting of a sequence of numerically well-behaved convex optimizations. Using...
computer science
3,543
Virtual Adversarial Ladder Networks For Semi-supervised Learning
cs.LG
Semi-supervised learning (SSL) partially circumvents the high cost of labeling data by augmenting a small labeled dataset with a large and relatively cheap unlabeled dataset drawn from the same distribution. This paper offers a novel interpretation of two deep learning-based SSL approaches, ladder networks and virtual ...
computer science
3,544
Autoencoder Node Saliency: Selecting Relevant Latent Representations
cs.CV
The autoencoder is an artificial neural network model that learns hidden representations of unlabeled data. With a linear transfer function it is similar to the principal component analysis (PCA). While both methods use weight vectors for linear transformations, the autoencoder does not come with any indication similar...
computer science
3,545
The Riemannian Geometry of Deep Generative Models
cs.LG
Deep generative models learn a mapping from a low dimensional latent space to a high-dimensional data space. Under certain regularity conditions, these models parameterize nonlinear manifolds in the data space. In this paper, we investigate the Riemannian geometry of these generated manifolds. First, we develop efficie...
computer science
3,546
Few-shot Learning by Exploiting Visual Concepts within CNNs
cs.CV
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are one of the driving forces for the advancement of computer vision. Despite their promising performances on many tasks, CNNs still face major obstacles on the road to achieving ideal machine intelligence. One is that CNNs are complex and hard to interpret. Another is that standard...
computer science
3,547
Stacked Kernel Network
stat.ML
Kernel methods are powerful tools to capture nonlinear patterns behind data. They implicitly learn high (even infinite) dimensional nonlinear features in the Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS) while making the computation tractable by leveraging the kernel trick. Classic kernel methods learn a single layer of nonl...
computer science
3,548
An Introduction to Deep Visual Explanation
stat.ML
The practical impact of deep learning on complex supervised learning problems has been significant, so much so that almost every Artificial Intelligence problem, or at least a portion thereof, has been somehow recast as a deep learning problem. The applications appeal is significant, but this appeal is increasingly cha...
computer science
3,549
Deformation estimation of an elastic object by partial observation using a neural network
cs.CV
Deformation estimation of elastic object assuming an internal organ is important for the computer navigation of surgery. The aim of this study is to estimate the deformation of an entire three-dimensional elastic object using displacement information of very few observation points. A learning approach with a neural net...
computer science
3,550
Between-class Learning for Image Classification
cs.LG
In this paper, we propose a novel learning method for image classification called Between-Class learning (BC learning). We generate between-class images by mixing two images belonging to different classes with a random ratio. We then input the mixed image to the model and train the model to output the mixing ratio. BC ...
computer science
3,551
Paris-Lille-3D: a large and high-quality ground truth urban point cloud dataset for automatic segmentation and classification
cs.LG
This paper introduces a new Urban Point Cloud Dataset for Automatic Segmentation and Classification acquired by Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS). We describe how the dataset is obtained from acquisition to post-processing and labeling. This dataset can be used to learn classification algorithm, however, given that a great a...
computer science
3,552
Progressive Neural Architecture Search
cs.CV
We propose a method for learning CNN structures that is more efficient than previous approaches: instead of using reinforcement learning (RL) or genetic algorithms (GA), we use a sequential model-based optimization (SMBO) strategy, in which we search for architectures in order of increasing complexity, while simultaneo...
computer science
3,553
Data Dropout in Arbitrary Basis for Deep Network Regularization
cs.CV
An important problem in training deep networks with high capacity is to ensure that the trained network works well when presented with new inputs outside the training dataset. Dropout is an effective regularization technique to boost the network generalization in which a random subset of the elements of the given data ...
computer science
3,554
OLÉ: Orthogonal Low-rank Embedding, A Plug and Play Geometric Loss for Deep Learning
cs.CV
Deep neural networks trained using a softmax layer at the top and the cross-entropy loss are ubiquitous tools for image classification. Yet, this does not naturally enforce intra-class similarity nor inter-class margin of the learned deep representations. To simultaneously achieve these two goals, different solutions h...
computer science
3,555
Deep Gradient Compression: Reducing the Communication Bandwidth for Distributed Training
cs.CV
Large-scale distributed training requires significant communication bandwidth for gradient exchange that limits the scalability of multi-node training, and requires expensive high-bandwidth network infrastructure. The situation gets even worse with distributed training on mobile devices (federated learning), which suff...
computer science
3,556
AdaBatch: Adaptive Batch Sizes for Training Deep Neural Networks
cs.LG
Training deep neural networks with Stochastic Gradient Descent, or its variants, requires careful choice of both learning rate and batch size. While smaller batch sizes generally converge in fewer training epochs, larger batch sizes offer more parallelism and hence better computational efficiency. We have developed a n...
computer science
3,557
Guided Labeling using Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.CV
Over the last couple of years, deep learning and especially convolutional neural networks have become one of the work horses of computer vision. One limiting factor for the applicability of supervised deep learning to more areas is the need for large, manually labeled datasets. In this paper we propose an easy to imple...
computer science
3,558
Learning Random Fourier Features by Hybrid Constrained Optimization
stat.ML
The kernel embedding algorithm is an important component for adapting kernel methods to large datasets. Since the algorithm consumes a major computation cost in the testing phase, we propose a novel teacher-learner framework of learning computation-efficient kernel embeddings from specific data. In the framework, the h...
computer science
3,559
Solving internal covariate shift in deep learning with linked neurons
stat.ML
This work proposes a novel solution to the problem of internal covariate shift and dying neurons using the concept of linked neurons. We define the neuron linkage in terms of two constraints: first, all neuron activations in the linkage must have the same operating point. That is to say, all of them share input weights...
computer science
3,560
End-to-end Learning of Deterministic Decision Trees
stat.ML
Conventional decision trees have a number of favorable properties, including interpretability, a small computational footprint and the ability to learn from little training data. However, they lack a key quality that has helped fuel the deep learning revolution: that of being end-to-end trainable, and to learn from scr...
computer science
3,561
CycleGAN, a Master of Steganography
cs.CV
CycleGAN (Zhu et al. 2017) is one recent successful approach to learn a transformation between two image distributions. In a series of experiments, we demonstrate an intriguing property of the model: CycleGAN learns to "hide" information about a source image into the images it generates in a nearly imperceptible, high-...
computer science
3,562
Bayesian Joint Matrix Decomposition for Data Integration with Heterogeneous Noise
cs.CV
Matrix decomposition is a popular and fundamental approach in machine learning and data mining. It has been successfully applied into various fields. Most matrix decomposition methods focus on decomposing a data matrix from one single source. However, it is common that data are from different sources with heterogeneous...
computer science
3,563
Generalized Zero-Shot Learning via Synthesized Examples
cs.LG
We present a generative framework for generalized zero-shot learning where the training and test classes are not necessarily disjoint. Built upon a variational autoencoder based architecture, consisting of a probabilistic encoder and a probabilistic conditional decoder, our model can generate novel exemplars from seen/...
computer science
3,564
Eye In-Painting with Exemplar Generative Adversarial Networks
cs.CV
This paper introduces a novel approach to in-painting where the identity of the object to remove or change is preserved and accounted for at inference time: Exemplar GANs (ExGANs). ExGANs are a type of conditional GAN that utilize exemplar information to produce high-quality, personalized in painting results. We propos...
computer science
3,565
Logo Synthesis and Manipulation with Clustered Generative Adversarial Networks
cs.CV
Designing a logo for a new brand is a lengthy and tedious back-and-forth process between a designer and a client. In this paper we explore to what extent machine learning can solve the creative task of the designer. For this, we build a dataset -- LLD -- of 600k+ logos crawled from the world wide web. Training Generati...
computer science
3,566
Deep Burst Denoising
cs.CV
Noise is an inherent issue of low-light image capture, one which is exacerbated on mobile devices due to their narrow apertures and small sensors. One strategy for mitigating noise in a low-light situation is to increase the shutter time of the camera, thus allowing each photosite to integrate more light and decrease n...
computer science
3,567
Visual Explanation by Interpretation: Improving Visual Feedback Capabilities of Deep Neural Networks
cs.CV
Learning-based representations have become the defacto means to address computer vision tasks. Despite their massive adoption, the amount of work aiming at understanding the internal representations learned by these models is rather limited. Existing methods aimed at model interpretation either require exhaustive manua...
computer science
3,568
On the Effectiveness of Least Squares Generative Adversarial Networks
cs.CV
Unsupervised learning with generative adversarial networks (GANs) has proven hugely successful. Regular GANs hypothesize the discriminator as a classifier with the sigmoid cross entropy loss function. However, we found that this loss function may lead to the vanishing gradients problem during the learning process. To o...
computer science
3,569
Learning to Write Stylized Chinese Characters by Reading a Handful of Examples
cs.CV
Automatically writing stylized Chinese characters is an attractive yet challenging task due to its wide applicabilities. In this paper, we propose a novel framework named Style-Aware Variational Auto-Encoder (SA-VAE) to flexibly generate Chinese characters. Specifically, we propose to capture the different characterist...
computer science
3,570
Adversarial Examples: Attacks and Defenses for Deep Learning
cs.LG
With rapid progress and great successes in a wide spectrum of applications, deep learning is being applied in many safety-critical environments. However, deep neural networks have been recently found vulnerable to well-designed input samples, called \textit{adversarial examples}. Adversarial examples are imperceptible ...
computer science
3,571
Query-Efficient Black-box Adversarial Examples
cs.CV
Current neural network-based image classifiers are susceptible to adversarial examples, even in the black-box setting, where the attacker is limited to query access without access to gradients. Previous methods --- substitute networks and coordinate-based finite-difference methods --- are either unreliable or query-ine...
computer science
3,572
Hyperparameters Optimization in Deep Convolutional Neural Network / Bayesian Approach with Gaussian Process Prior
cs.CV
Convolutional Neural Network is known as ConvNet have been extensively used in many complex machine learning tasks. However, hyperparameters optimization is one of a crucial step in developing ConvNet architectures, since the accuracy and performance are reliant on the hyperparameters. This multilayered architecture pa...
computer science
3,573
Finding Competitive Network Architectures Within a Day Using UCT
cs.LG
The design of neural network architectures for a new data set is a laborious task which requires human deep learning expertise. In order to make deep learning available for a broader audience, automated methods for finding a neural network architecture are vital. Recently proposed methods can already achieve human expe...
computer science
3,574
Image Segmentation to Distinguish Between Overlapping Human Chromosomes
cs.CV
In medicine, visualizing chromosomes is important for medical diagnostics, drug development, and biomedical research. Unfortunately, chromosomes often overlap and it is necessary to identify and distinguish between the overlapping chromosomes. A segmentation solution that is fast and automated will enable scaling of co...
computer science
3,575
A Deep Learning Interpretable Classifier for Diabetic Retinopathy Disease Grading
cs.LG
Deep neural network models have been proven to be very successful in image classification tasks, also for medical diagnosis, but their main concern is its lack of interpretability. They use to work as intuition machines with high statistical confidence but unable to give interpretable explanations about the reported re...
computer science
3,576
The Robust Manifold Defense: Adversarial Training using Generative Models
cs.CV
Deep neural networks are demonstrating excellent performance on several classical vision problems. However, these networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples, minutely modified images that induce arbitrary attacker-chosen output from the network. We propose a mechanism to protect against these adversarial inputs ba...
computer science
3,577
Extrapolating Expected Accuracies for Large Multi-Class Problems
stat.ML
The difficulty of multi-class classification generally increases with the number of classes. Using data from a subset of the classes, can we predict how well a classifier will scale with an increased number of classes? Under the assumptions that the classes are sampled identically and independently from a population, a...
computer science
3,578
Visualizing the Loss Landscape of Neural Nets
cs.LG
Neural network training relies on our ability to find "good" minimizers of highly non-convex loss functions. It is well known that certain network architecture designs (e.g., skip connections) produce loss functions that train easier, and well-chosen training parameters (batch size, learning rate, optimizer) produce mi...
computer science
3,579
Optimal Bayesian Transfer Learning
stat.ML
Transfer learning has recently attracted significant research attention, as it simultaneously learns from different source domains, which have plenty of labeled data, and transfers the relevant knowledge to the target domain with limited labeled data to improve the prediction performance. We propose a Bayesian transfer...
computer science
3,580
Neural Networks in Adversarial Setting and Ill-Conditioned Weight Space
cs.LG
Recently, Neural networks have seen a huge surge in its adoption due to their ability to provide high accuracy on various tasks. On the other hand, the existence of adversarial examples have raised suspicions regarding the generalization capabilities of neural networks. In this work, we focus on the weight matrix learn...
computer science
3,581
Graph Autoencoder-Based Unsupervised Feature Selection with Broad and Local Data Structure Preservation
cs.CV
Feature selection is a dimensionality reduction technique that selects a subset of representative features from high-dimensional data by eliminating irrelevant and redundant features. Recently, feature selection combined with sparse learning has attracted significant attention due to its outstanding performance compare...
computer science
3,582
Anatomical Data Augmentation For CNN based Pixel-wise Classification
cs.CV
In this work we propose a method for anatomical data augmentation that is based on using slices of computed tomography (CT) examinations that are adjacent to labeled slices as another resource of labeled data for training the network. The extended labeled data is used to train a U-net network for a pixel-wise classific...
computer science
3,583
Boundary Optimizing Network (BON)
cs.LG
Despite all the success that deep neural networks have seen in classifying certain datasets, the challenge of finding optimal solutions that generalize still remains. In this paper, we propose the Boundary Optimizing Network (BON), a new approach to generalization for deep neural networks when used for supervised learn...
computer science
3,584
Data Augmentation by Pairing Samples for Images Classification
cs.LG
Data augmentation is a widely used technique in many machine learning tasks, such as image classification, to virtually enlarge the training dataset size and avoid overfitting. Traditional data augmentation techniques for image classification tasks create new samples from the original training data by, for example, fli...
computer science
3,585
Fix your classifier: the marginal value of training the last weight layer
cs.LG
Neural networks are commonly used as models for classification for a wide variety of tasks. Typically, a learned affine transformation is placed at the end of such models, yielding a per-class value used for classification. This classifier can have a vast number of parameters, which grows linearly with the number of po...
computer science
3,586
Generalizing, Decoding, and Optimizing Support Vector Machine Classification
cs.LG
The classification of complex data usually requires the composition of processing steps. Here, a major challenge is the selection of optimal algorithms for preprocessing and classification (including parameterizations). Nowadays, parts of the optimization process are automized but expert knowledge and manual work are s...
computer science
3,587
Gradient-Based Meta-Learning with Learned Layerwise Metric and Subspace
stat.ML
Gradient-based meta-learning has been shown to be expressive enough to approximate any learning algorithm. While previous such methods have been successful in meta-learning tasks, they resort to simple gradient descent during meta-testing. Our primary contribution is the {\em MT-net}, which enables the meta-learner to ...
computer science
3,588
Brenier approach for optimal transportation between a quasi-discrete measure and a discrete measure
cs.CV
Correctly estimating the discrepancy between two data distributions has always been an important task in Machine Learning. Recently, Cuturi proposed the Sinkhorn distance which makes use of an approximate Optimal Transport cost between two distributions as a distance to describe distribution discrepancy. Although it ha...
computer science
3,589
Robust Kronecker Component Analysis
stat.ML
Dictionary learning and component analysis models are fundamental in learning compact representations that are relevant to a given task (feature extraction, dimensionality reduction, denoising, etc.). The model complexity is encoded by means of specific structure, such as sparsity, low-rankness, or nonnegativity. Unfor...
computer science
3,590
Worst-case Optimal Submodular Extensions for Marginal Estimation
cs.LG
Submodular extensions of an energy function can be used to efficiently compute approximate marginals via variational inference. The accuracy of the marginals depends crucially on the quality of the submodular extension. To identify the best possible extension, we show an equivalence between the submodular extensions of...
computer science
3,591
Bayesian Deep Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Networks for Surrogate Modeling and Uncertainty Quantification
cs.CV
We are interested in the development of surrogate models for uncertainty quantification and propagation in problems governed by stochastic PDEs using a deep convolutional encoder-decoder network in a similar fashion to approaches considered in deep learning for image-to-image regression tasks. Since normal neural netwo...
computer science
3,592
E-swish: Adjusting Activations to Different Network Depths
cs.CV
Activation functions have a notorious impact on neural networks on both training and testing the models against the desired problem. Currently, the most used activation function is the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU). This paper introduces a new and novel activation function, closely related with the new activation $Swish...
computer science
3,593
Deep Learning with Data Dependent Implicit Activation Function
cs.LG
Though deep neural networks (DNNs) achieve remarkable performances in many artificial intelligence tasks, the lack of training instances remains a notorious challenge. As the network goes deeper, the generalization accuracy decays rapidly in the situation of lacking massive amounts of training data. In this paper, we p...
computer science
3,594
AFT*: Integrating Active Learning and Transfer Learning to Reduce Annotation Efforts
cs.LG
The splendid success of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in computer vision is largely attributed to the availability of large annotated datasets, such as ImageNet and Places. However, in biomedical imaging, it is very challenging to create such large annotated datasets, as annotating biomedical images is not only ...
computer science
3,595
Enhancing Multi-Class Classification of Random Forest using Random Vector Functional Neural Network and Oblique Decision Surfaces
cs.LG
Both neural networks and decision trees are popular machine learning methods and are widely used to solve problems from diverse domains. These two classifiers are commonly used base classifiers in an ensemble framework. In this paper, we first present a new variant of oblique decision tree based on a linear classifier,...
computer science
3,596
Adversarial Vulnerability of Neural Networks Increases With Input Dimension
stat.ML
Over the past four years, neural networks have proven vulnerable to adversarial images: targeted but imperceptible image perturbations lead to drastically different predictions. We show that adversarial vulnerability increases with the gradients of the training objective when seen as a function of the inputs. For most ...
computer science
3,597
DeepTravel: a Neural Network Based Travel Time Estimation Model with Auxiliary Supervision
cs.LG
Estimating the travel time of a path is of great importance to smart urban mobility. Existing approaches are either based on estimating the time cost of each road segment which are not able to capture many cross-segment complex factors, or designed heuristically in a non-learning-based way which fail to utilize the exi...
computer science
3,598
Classification and Disease Localization in Histopathology Using Only Global Labels: A Weakly-Supervised Approach
cs.CV
Analysis of histopathology slides is a critical step for many diagnoses, and in particular in oncology where it defines the gold standard. In the case of digital histopathological analysis, highly trained pathologists must review vast whole-slide-images of extreme digital resolution ($100,000^2$ pixels) across multiple...
computer science
3,599
Spectral Image Visualization Using Generative Adversarial Networks
cs.CV
Spectral images captured by satellites and radio-telescopes are analyzed to obtain information about geological compositions distributions, distant asters as well as undersea terrain. Spectral images usually contain tens to hundreds of continuous narrow spectral bands and are widely used in various fields. But the vast...
computer science