Unnamed: 0
int64
0
41k
title
stringlengths
4
274
category
stringlengths
5
18
summary
stringlengths
22
3.66k
theme
stringclasses
8 values
1,800
A note on canonical functions
math.LO
We construct a generic extension in which the aleph_2 nd canonical function on aleph_1 exists.
math
1,801
Categoricity over P for first order T or categoricity for phi in L_{omega_1 omega} can stop at aleph_k while holding for aleph_0, ..., aleph_{k-1}
math.LO
Suppose L is a relational language and P in L is a unary predicate. If M is an L-structure then P(M) is the L-structure formed as the substructure of M with domain {a: M models P(a)}. Now suppose T is a complete first order theory in L with infinite models. Following Hodges, we say that T is relatively lambda-categoric...
math
1,802
The primal framework. I
math.LO
This the first of a series of articles dealing with abstract classification theory. The apparatus to assign systems of cardinal invariants to models of a first order theory (or determine its impossibility) is developed in [Sh:a]. It is natural to try to extend this theory to classes of models which are described in oth...
math
1,803
Full reflection of stationary sets below aleph_omega
math.LO
It is consistent that for every n >= 2, every stationary subset of omega_n consisting of ordinals of cofinality omega_k where k = 0 or k <= n-3 reflects fully in the set of ordinals of cofinality omega_{n-1}. We also show that this result is best possible.
math
1,804
The Hanf numbers of stationary logic. II. Comparison with other logics
math.LO
We show that the ordering of the Hanf number of L_{omega, omega}(wo) (well ordering), L^c_{omega, omega} (quantification on countable sets), L_{omega, omega}(aa) (stationary logic) and second order logic, have no more restraints provable in ZFC than previously known (those independence proofs assume CON(ZFC) only). We ...
math
1,805
Strong partition relations below the power set: consistency, was Sierpinski right, II?
math.LO
We continue here [Sh276] but we do not relay on it. The motivation was a conjecture of Galvin stating that 2^{omega} >= omega_2 + omega_2-> [omega_1]^{n}_{h(n)} is consistent for a suitable h: omega-> omega. In section 5 we disprove this and give similar negative results. In section 3 we prove the consistency of the co...
math
1,806
Viva la difference I: Nonisomorphism of ultrapowers of countable models
math.LO
We show that it is not provable in ZFC that any two countable elementarily equivalent structures have isomorphic ultrapowers relative to some ultrafilter on omega .
math
1,807
The primal framework. II. Smoothness
math.LO
This is the second in a series of articles developing abstract classification theory for classes that have a notion of prime models over independent pairs and over chains. It deals with the problem of smoothness and establishing the existence and uniqueness of a `monster model'. We work here with a predicate for a cano...
math
1,808
On a conjecture of Tarski on products of cardinals
math.LO
We look at an old conjecture of A. Tarski on cardinal arithmetic and show that if a counterexample exists, then there exists one of length omega_1 + omega .
math
1,809
A partition theorem for pairs of finite sets
math.LO
Every partition of [[omega_1]^{< omega}]^2 into finitely many pieces has a cofinal homogeneous set. Furthermore, it is consistent that every directed partially ordered set satisfies the partition property if and only if it has finite character.
math
1,810
Coding and reshaping when there are no sharps
math.LO
Assuming 0^sharp does not exist, kappa is an uncountable cardinal and for all cardinals lambda with kappa <= lambda < kappa^{+ omega}, 2^lambda = lambda^+, we present a ``mini-coding'' between kappa and kappa^{+ omega}. This allows us to prove that any subset of kappa^{+ omega} can be coded into a subset, W of kappa^+ ...
math
1,811
Cardinal arithmetic for skeptics
math.LO
We present a survey of some results of the pcf-theory and their applications to cardinal arithmetic. We review basics notions (in section 1), briefly look at history in section 2 (and some personal history in section 3). We present main results on pcf in section 5 and describe applications to cardinal arithmetic in sec...
math
1,812
The universality spectrum of stable unsuperstable theories
math.LO
It is shown that if T is stable unsuperstable, and aleph_1< lambda =cf(lambda)< 2^{aleph_0}, or 2^{aleph_0} < mu^+< lambda =cf(lambda)< mu^{aleph_0} then T has no universal model in cardinality lambda, and if e.g. aleph_omega < 2^{aleph_0} then T has no universal model in aleph_omega. These results are generalized to k...
math
1,813
Constructing strongly equivalent nonisomorphic models for unsuperstable theories. Part B
math.LO
We study how equivalent nonisomorphic models of unsuperstable theories can be. We measure the equivalence by Ehrenfeucht-Fraisse games. This paper continues [HySh:474].
math
1,814
On the Singular Cardinal Hypothesis
math.LO
We use the core model for sequences of measures to prove a new lower bound for the consistency strength of the failure of the SCH: THEOREM (i) If there is a singular strong limit cardinal $\kappa$ such that $2^\kappa > kappa^+$ then there is an inner model with a cardinal $\kappa$ such that for all ordinals $\alpha...
math
1,815
A division Algorithm for the Free Left Distributive Algebra
math.LO
The normal form theorem, proved in R. Laver, On the left distributive law and the freeness of an algebra of elementary embeddings, Advances in Mathematics 91 (1992), 209-231, for the free algebra $\Cal A$ on one generator $x$ satisfying the left distributive law $a(bc) = (ab)(ac)$ is extended by showing that members of...
math
1,816
On the Algebra of Elementary Embeddings of a Rank into Inself
math.LO
Let $j:V_\lambda---> V_\lambda$ be an elementary embedding, with critical point $\kappa$, and let $f(n)$ be the number of critical points of embeddings in the algebra generated by $j$ which lie between $j^n(\kappa)$ and $j^{n+1}(\kappa)$. It is shown that $f(n)$ is finite for all $n$.
math
1,817
Maximal Chains in {}^ωωand Ultrapowers of the Integers
math.LO
Various questions posed by P. Nyikos concerning ultrafilters on $\omega$ and chains in the partial order $(\omega,<^*)$ are answered. The main tool is the oracle chain condition and variations of it.
math
1,818
A short proof of the irreflexivity conjecture
math.LO
Gives a short proof of Dehornoy's latest result. The same simple argument (and more) was discovered by Laver's student Larue.
math
1,819
On Gödel's second incompleteness theorem
math.LO
A very short proof of G\"odel's second incompleteness theorem (for set theory, second order arithmetic etc.)
math
1,820
On Braid Words and Irreflexivity
math.LO
The purpose of this note is to prove irreflexivity, and hence the linear ordering, in ZFC, without some of the machinery used by Dehornoy.
math
1,821
Embeddings of Iteration Trees
math.LO
This paper, dating from May 1991, contains preliminary (and unpublishable) notes on investigations about iteration trees. They will be of interest only to the specialist. In the first two sections I define notions of support and embeddings for tree iterations, proving for example that every tree iteration is a direct...
math
1,822
Reaping Numbers of Boolean Algebras
math.LO
A subset $A$ of a Boolean algebra $B$ is said to be $(n,m)$-reaped if there is a partition of unity $P \subset B$ of size $n$ such that the cardinality of $\{b \in P: b \wedge a \neq \emptyset\}$ is greater than or equal to $m$ for all $a\in A$. The reaping number $r_{n,m}(B)$ of a Boolean algebra $B$ is the minimum ca...
math
1,823
Full reflection of stationary sets at regular cardinals
math.LO
A stationary subset S of a regular uncountable cardinal kappa reflects fully at regular cardinals if for every stationary set T subseteq kappa of higher order consisting of regular cardinals there exists an alpha in T such that S cap alpha is a stationary subset of alpha. We prove that the Axiom of Full Reflection whic...
math
1,824
The Cardinality of the second uniform indiscernible
math.LO
When the second uniform indiscernible is $\aleph_{2}$, the Martin-Solovay tree only constructs countably many reals; this resolves a number of open questions in descriptive set theory.
math
1,825
Critical points in an algebra of elementary embeddings
math.LO
Given two elementary embeddings from the collection of sets of rank less than $\lambda$ to itself, one can combine them to obtain another such embedding in two ways: by composition, and by applying one to (initial segments of) the other. Hence, a single such nontrivial embedding $j$ generates an algebra of embeddings v...
math
1,826
Many simple cardinal invariants
math.LO
For g < f in omega^omega we define c(f,g) be the least number of uniform trees with g-splitting needed to cover a uniform tree with f-splitting. We show that we can simultaneously force aleph_1 many different values for different functions (f,g). In the language of Blass: There may be aleph_1 many distinct uniform Pi^0...
math
1,827
Covering games and the Banach-Mazur game: k-tactics
math.LO
Given a free ideal J of subsets of a set X, we consider games where player ONE plays an increasing sequence of elements of the sigma completion of J, and TWO tries to cover the union of this sequence by playing one set at a time from J. We describe various conditions under which player TWO has has a winning strategy th...
math
1,828
Donder's Version of Revised Countable Support
math.LO
Shelah introduced the revised countable support (RCS) iteration to iterate semiproperness. This was an endpoint in the search for an iteration of a weak condition, still implying that aleph1 is preserved. Dieter Donder found a better manageable approach to this iteration, which is presented here.
math
1,829
Remark on the Failure of Martin's Axiom
math.LO
Let m be the least cardinal k such that MA(k) fails. The only known model for "m is singular" was constructed by Kunen. In Kunen's model cof(m)=omega_1. It is unknown whether "omega_1 < cof(m) < m" is consistent. The purpose of this paper is to present a proof of Kunen's result and to identify the difficulties of gener...
math
1,830
Non-existence of Universal Orders in Many Cardinals
math.LO
Our theme is that not every interesting question in set theory is independent of $ZFC$. We give an example of a first order theory $T$ with countable $D(T)$ which cannot have a universal model at $\aleph_1$ without CH; we prove in $ZFC$ a covering theorem from the hypothesis of the existence of a universal model for so...
math
1,831
Finite left-distributive algebras and embedding algebras\endtitle
math.LO
We consider algebras with one binary operation $\cdot$ and one generator ({\it monogenic}) and satisfying the left distributive law $a\cdot (b\cdot c)=(a\cdot b)\cdot (a\cdot c)$. One can define a sequence of finite left-distributive algebras $A_n$, and then take a limit to get an infinite monogenic left-distributive a...
math
1,832
Cardinal Characteristics and the Product of Countably Many Infinite Cyclic Groups
math.LO
Let P be the direct product of countably many copies of the additive group Z of integers. We study, from a set-theoretic point of view, those subgroups of P for which all homomorphisms to Z annihilate all but finitely many of the standard unit vectors. Specifically, we relate the smallest possible size of such a subgro...
math
1,833
$μ$-complete Souslin trees on $μ^+$
math.LO
We prove that $\mu=\mu^{<\mu}$, $2^\mu=\mu^+$ and ``there is a non reflecting stationary subset of $\mu^+$ composed of ordinals of cofinality $<\mu$'' imply that there is a $\mu$-complete Souslin tree on $\mu^+$.
math
1,834
Perfect sets of random reals
math.LO
We discuss the relationship between perfect sets of random reals, dominating reals, and the product of two copies of the random algebra B. Recall that B is the algebra of Borel sets of 2^omega modulo the null sets. Also given two models M subseteq N of ZFC, we say that g in omega^omega cap N is a dominating real over M...
math
1,835
Amoeba-absoluteness and projective measurability
math.LO
We study the relationship between Amoeba forcing (the partial order which generically adds a measure one set of random reals) and projective measurability. Given a universe V of set theory and a forcing notion P in V we say that V is Sigma^1_n - P - absolute iff for every Sigma^1_n-sentence phi with parameters in V we ...
math
1,836
Finite Combinations of Baire Numbers
math.LO
Let $\kappa$ be a regular cardinal. Consider the Baire numbers of the spaces $(2^{\theta})_\kappa$ (functions from $\theta$ to 2 and the less than $\kappa$ topology) for various $\theta \geq \kappa$. Let l be the number of such different Baire numbers. Models of set theory with l=1 or l=2 are known and it is also known...
math
1,837
Meager-nowhere dense games (III): Remainder strategies
math.LO
Player ONE chooses a meager set and player TWO, a nowhere dense set per inning. They play $\omega$ many innings. ONE's consecutive choices must form a (weakly) increasing sequence. TWO wins if the union of the chosen nowhere dense sets covers the union of the chosen meager sets. A strategy for TWO which depends on know...
math
1,838
Some Natural Internal Forcing Schemata Extending ZFC
math.LO
We give arguments for and prove the consistency of some internal forcing axioms.
math
1,839
$^*$Forcing
math.LO
Let $M$ be a transitive model of $ZFC$ and let ${\bf B}$ be a $M$-complete Boolean algebra in $M.$ (In general a proper class.) We define a generalized notion of forcing with such Boolean algebras, $^*$forcing. (A $^*$ forcing extension of $M$ is a transitive set of the form $M[{\bf G}]$ where ${\bf G}$ is an $M$-compl...
math
1,840
The Complexity of the Core Model
math.LO
We use the Sigma^1_3 absoluteness theorem to show that the complexity of the statement "(omega,E)$ is isomorphic to an initial segment of the core model" is Pi^1_4, and that the complexity of the statement "(omega,E)$ is isomorphic to a member of the core model" is Delta^1_5.
math
1,841
Reflection and Weakly Collectionwise Hausdorff Spaces
math.LO
We show that square(theta) implies that there is a first countable <theta-collectionwise Hausdorff space that is not weakly theta-collectionwise Hausdorff. We also show that in the model obtained by Levy collapsing a weakly compact (supercompact) cardinal to omega_2, first countable aleph_1-collectionwise Hausdorff spa...
math
1,842
Splitting number and the core model
math.LO
We can generalize the definition of {\it splitting number } $s(\kappa )$ for $\kappa$ uncountable regular: $s(\kappa )=min\{ |\Cal S|:\Cal S\subset \Cal P(\kappa ) \forall a\in \kappa ^\kappa \exists b\in \Cal S |a\cap b|=|a\setminus b|=\kappa\}$ However,$\exists \kappa>\aleph_0$ $s(\kappa )>\kappa ^+$ becomes a consid...
math
1,843
Set-theoretic aspects of periodic $FC$-groups --- extraspecial p-groups and Kurepa trees
math.LO
Given a group G, we let Z(G) denote its center, G' its commutator subgroup, and Phi (G) its Frattini subgroup (the intersection of all maximal proper subgroups of G). Given U leq G, we let N_G (U) stand for the normalizer of U in G. A group G is FC iff every element g in G has finitely many conjugates. A p-group E is c...
math
1,844
Combinatorial properties of Hechler forcing
math.LO
In this work we use a notion of rank first introduced by James Baumgartner and Peter Dordal and later developed independently by the third author to show that adding a Hechler real has strong combinatorial consequences. We prove: 1) assuming omega_1^V = omega_1^L, there is no real in V[d] which is eventually differ...
math
1,845
The Genericity Conjecture
math.LO
In this paper we produce a real r such that 0<r<0# in L-degree, yet R is NOT generic over L (for a forcing amenable to L). This answers a question of Beller-Jensen-Welch.
math
1,846
A simpler proof of Jensen's coding theorem
math.LO
We present a simplification of Jensen's proof of his Coding Theorem (even in the case where 0# exists). The proof avoids Jensen's split into cases according to whether or not 0# exists. In addition, the paper contains self-contained proofs of the necessary forms of Square and Diamond, based on an approach to fine str...
math
1,847
Minimal universes
math.LO
An inner model M is MINIMAL if there is a class A such that <M,A> is amenable yet has no transitive proper elementary submodel. We study minimal universes in the context of 0#. For example we prove: If 0# exists then there is an inner model which is minimal and locally generic over L(i.e., every set in the inner model ...
math
1,848
Measurable rectangles
math.LO
We give an example of a measurable set of reals E such that the set E'={(x,y): x+y in E} is not in the sigma-algebra generated by the rectangles with measurable sides. We also prove a stronger result that there exists an analytic set E such that E' is not in the sigma-algebra generated by rectangles whose horizontal si...
math
1,849
Baire property and Axiom of Choice
math.LO
We show that (1) If ZF is consistent then the following theory is consistent "ZF + DC(omega_{1}) + Every set of reals has Baire property" and (2) If ZF is consistent then the following theory is consistent "ZFC + `every projective set of reals has Baire property' + `any union of omega_{1} meager sets is meager' ".
math
1,850
Planting Kurepa trees and killing Jech-Kunen trees in a model by using one inaccessible cardinal
math.LO
By an omega_1--tree we mean a tree of power omega_1 and height omega_1. Under CH and 2^{omega_1}> omega_2 we call an omega_1--tree a Jech--Kunen tree if it has kappa many branches for some kappa strictly between omega_1 and 2^{omega_1}. In this paper we prove that, assuming the existence of one inaccessible cardinal, ...
math
1,851
Jensen's Σ^* theory and the combinatorial content of V=L
math.LO
The purpose of this article is to indicate how a reformulation of Jensen's $\Sigma^*$ theory (developed for the study of core models) can be used to provide a more satisfactory treatment of uniformization, hulls and Skolem functions for the $J_\alpha$'s. Then we use this approach to fine structure to formulate a princi...
math
1,852
A large Pi-1-2 set absolute for set forcing
math.LO
Let k be a definable L-cardinal. Then there is a set of reals X, class-generic over L, such that L(X) and L have the same cardinals, X has size k in L(X) and some pi-1-2 formula defines X in all set-generic extensions of L(X). Two corollaries, both assuming the consistency of an inaccessible: It is consistent for the P...
math
1,853
Some compact logics --- results in ZFC
math.LO
We show that if we enrich first order logic by allowing quantification over isomorphisms between definable ordered fields the resulting logic, L(Q_{Of}), is fully compact. In this logic, we can give standard compactness proofs of various results. Next, we attempt to get compactness results for some other logics without...
math
1,854
On the number of automorphism of uncontable models
math.LO
Let s(A) denote the number of automorphisms of a model A of power omega_1. We derive a necessary and sufficient condition in terms of trees for the existence of an A with omega_1 < s(A) < 2^{omega_1}. We study the sufficiency of some conditions for s(A)=2^{omega_1}. These conditions are analogous to conditions studied ...
math
1,855
All meager filters may be null
math.LO
We show that it is consistent with ZFC that all filters which have the Baire property are Lebesgue measurable. We also show that the existence of a Sierpinski set implies that there exists a nonmeasurable filter which has the Baire property.
math
1,856
Forcing isomorphism
math.LO
A forcing extension may create new isomorphisms between two models of a first order theory. Certain model theoretic constraints on the theory and other constraints on the forcing can prevent this pathology. A countable first order theory is classifiable if it is superstable and does not have either the dimensional orde...
math
1,857
Borel partitions of infinite subtrees of a perfect tree
math.LO
A theorem of Galvin asserts that if the unordered pairs of reals are partitioned into finitely many Borel classes then there is a perfect set P such that all pairs from P lie in the same class. The generalization to n-tuples for n >= 3 is false. Let us identify the reals with 2^omega ordered by the lexicographical orde...
math
1,858
On the existence of atomic models
math.LO
We give an example of a countable theory T such that for every cardinal lambda >= aleph_2 there is a fully indiscernible set A of power lambda such that the principal types are dense over A, yet there is no atomic model of T over A. In particular, T(A) is a theory of size lambda where the principal types are dense, yet...
math
1,859
Provable Pi-1-2 Singletons
math.LO
In this note I show that a pi-1-2 singleton R of L-degree strictly between 0 and 0# can be obtained so as to be the unique solution to a pi-1-2 formula which provably has at most one solution, in the theory ZFC+(*) where (*) has the approximate strength of an ineffable cardinal.
math
1,860
Full Reflection at a Measurable Cardinal
math.LO
A stationary subset $S$ of a regular uncountable cardinal $\kappa$ {\it reflects fully} at regular cardinals if for every stationary set $T \subseteq \kappa$ of higher order consisting of regular cardinals there exists an $\alpha \in T$ such that $S \cap \alpha$ is a stationary subset of $\alpha$. {\it Full Reflection}...
math
1,861
Combinatorics on Ideals and Axiom A
math.LO
Throughout this abstract let U be a fixed p-point ultrafilter and let I be the dual ideal. Grigorieff forcing is P(U)={p:omega to 2|dom(p) is an element of I} ordered by reverse inclusion. It is well known that Grigorieff forcing is proper. The main result of this paper is the following: THEOREM: Gregorieff forcing d...
math
1,862
The automorphism group of a saturated model has a large dense free subgroup
math.LO
We prove that for a stable theory $T,$ if $M$ is a saturated model of $T$ of cardinality $\lambda$ where $\lambda > \big|T\big|,$ then $Aut(M)$ has a dense free subgroup on $2^{\lambda}$ generators. This affirms a conjecture of Hodges.
math
1,863
Natural Internal Forcing Schemata Extending ZFC
math.LO
Let V be the universe of sets and V_{\alpha} the sets of rank \leq\alpha. We develop some axiom schemata for set theory based on the following three assumptions: 1. V \models ZFC 2. V is large with respect to the class of ordinals 3. V is large with respect to each of the V_{\alpha}
math
1,864
The Consistency of $ZFC+CIFS$
math.LO
This paper is a technical continuation of ``Natural Axiom Schemata Extending ZFC. Truth in the Universe?'' In that paper we argue that $CIFS$ is a natural axiom schema for the universe of sets. In particular it is a natural closure condition on $V$ and a natural generalization of $IFS(L).$ Here we shall prove the consi...
math
1,865
Bounding and dominating number of families of functions on N
math.LO
We pursue the study of families of functions on the natural numbers, with emphasis here on the bounded families. The situation being more complicated than the unbounded case, we attack the problem by classifying the families according to their bounding and dominating numbers, the traditional scheme for gaps. Many open ...
math
1,866
Sums of Darboux and continuous functions
math.LO
It is shown that that for every Darboux function $F$ there is a non-constant continuous function $f$ such that $F+f$ is still Darboux. It is shown to be consistent --- the model used is iterated Sacks forcing --- that for every Darboux function $F$ there is a nowhere constant continuous function $f$ such that $F+f$ is ...
math
1,867
Čech-Stone remainders of spaces that look like $[0,\infty)$
math.LO
We show that many spaces that look like the half~line~$\halfline=[0,\infty)$ have, under~$\CH$, a \v{C}ech-Stone-remainder that is homeomorphic to~$\Hstar$. We also show that $\CH$ is equivalent to the statement that all standard subcontinua of~$\Hstar$ are homeomorphic. The proofs use Model-theoretic tools like reduce...
math
1,868
The Ehrenfeucht-Fraisse-game of length omega_1
math.LO
Let (A) and (B) be two first order structures of the same vocabulary. We shall consider the Ehrenfeucht-Fra{i}sse-game of length omega_1 of A and B which we denote by G_{omega_1}(A,B). This game is like the ordinary Ehrenfeucht-Fraisse-game of L_{omega omega} except that there are omega_1 moves. It is clear that G_{ome...
math
1,869
Strong measure zero sets without Cohen reals
math.LO
If ZFC is consistent, then each of the following are consistent with ZFC + 2^{{aleph_0}}= aleph_2 : 1.) X subseteq R is of strong measure zero iff |X| <= aleph_1 + there is a generalized Sierpinski set. 2.) The union of aleph_1 many strong measure zero sets is a strong measure zero set + there is a strong measure z...
math
1,870
mu-complete Suslin trees on mu^+
math.LO
We prove that mu = mu^{< mu}, 2^mu = mu^+ and ``there is a non reflecting stationary subset of mu^+ composed of ordinals of cofinality < mu'' imply that there is a mu-complete Souslin tree on mu^+ .
math
1,871
An application of Shoenfield's absoluteness theorem to the theory of uniform distribution
math.LO
If (B_x: x in N) is a Borel family of sets, indexed by the Baire space N = omega^omega, all B_x have measure zero, and the family is increasing, then the union of all B_x also has measure zero. We give two proofs of this theorem: one in the language of set theory, using Shoenfield's theorem on Sigma-1-2 sets, the other...
math
1,872
Addendum to ``Maximal Chains in $\fomom$ and Ultrapowers of the Integers''
math.LO
Upon presenting the proof of Theorem 3.3 in "Maximal chains in $$ and ultrapowers of the integers" I discovered that it is not entirely correct and certainly some details should be added. I have therefore written an addendum to the paper and made it available by ftp. Unfortunately the published version will be somewhat...
math
1,873
The structure of pleasant ideals
math.LO
Normal ideals on regular uncountable cardinals are familiar objects. We investigate ideals that are pleasant--while a normal ideal is closed under arbitrary diagonal unions, a pleasant ideal is closed only under diagonal unions indexed by sets that are elements of the ideal. We show any selective ideal extending the no...
math
1,874
The canary tree
math.LO
A canary tree is a tree of cardinality the continuum which has no uncountable branch, but gains a branch whenever a stationary set is destroyed (without adding reals). Canary trees are important in infinitary model theory. The existence of a canary tree is independent of ZFC + GCH.
math
1,875
On CH + 2^{aleph_1}-> (alpha)^2_2 for alpha < omega_2
math.LO
We prove the consistency of ``CH + 2^{aleph_1} is arbitrarily large + 2^{aleph_1} not-> (omega_1 x omega)^2_2''. If fact, we can get 2^{aleph_1} not-> [omega_1 x omega]^2_{aleph_0}. In addition to this theorem, we give generalizations to other cardinals.
math
1,876
Dominating functions and graphs
math.LO
A graph is called dominating if its vertices can be labelled with integers in such a way that for every function f: omega-> omega the graph contains a ray whose sequence of labels eventually exceeds f. We obtain a characterization of these graphs by producing a small family of dominating graphs with the property that e...
math
1,877
A saturated model of an unsuperstable theory of cardinality greater than its theory has the small index property
math.LO
A model M of cardinality lambda is said to have the small index property if for every G subseteq Aut(M) such that [Aut(M):G] <= lambda there is an A subseteq M with |A|< lambda such that Aut_A(M) subseteq G. We show that if M^* is a saturated model of an unsuperstable theory of cardinality > Th(M), then M^* has the sma...
math
1,878
A model in which there are Jech-Kunen trees but there are no Kurepa trees
math.LO
By an omega_1 --tree we mean a tree of power omega_1 and height omega_1. We call an omega_1 --tree a Jech--Kunen tree if it has kappa --many branches for some kappa strictly between omega_1 and 2^{omega_1}. In this paper we construct the models of CH plus 2^{omega_1}> omega_2, in which there are Jech--Kunen trees and t...
math
1,879
Peano Arithmetic may not be interpretable in the monadic theory of orders
math.LO
Gurevich and Shelah have shown that Peano Arithmetic cannot be interpreted in the monadic second-order theory of short chains (hence, in the monadic second-order theory of the real line). We show here that it is consistent that there is no interpretation even in the monadic second-order theory of all chains.
math
1,880
Consequences of arithmetic for set theory
math.LO
In this paper, we consider certain cardinals in ZF (set theory without AC, the Axiom of Choice). In ZFC (set theory with AC), given any cardinals C and D, either C <= D or D <= C. However, in ZF this is no longer so. For a given infinite set A consider Seq(A), the set of all sequences of A without repetition. We compar...
math
1,881
Universal graphs without large cliques
math.LO
We give some existence/nonexistence statements on universal graphs, which under GCH give a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a universal graph of size lambda with no K(kappa), namely, if either kappa is finite or cf(kappa)>cf(lambda). (Here K(kappa) denotes the complete graph on kappa vertices.) T...
math
1,882
On uniformly antisymmetric functions
math.LO
We show that there is always a uniformly antisymmetric f:A-> {0,1} if A subset R is countable. We prove that the continuum hypothesis is equivalent to the statement that there is an f:R-> omega with |S_x| <= 1 for every x in R. If the continuum is at least aleph_n then there exists a point x such that S_x has at least ...
math
1,883
Ultrafilters: Where topological dynamics = algebra = combinatorics
math.LO
We survey some connections between topological dynamics, semigroups of ultrafilters, and combinatorics. As an application, we give a proof, based on ideas of Bergelson and Hindman, of the Hales-Jewett partition theorem.
math
1,884
Evasion and prediction --- the Specker phenomenon and Gross spaces
math.LO
We study the set--theoretic combinatorics underlying the following two algebraic phenomena. (1) A subgroup G leq Z^omega exhibits the Specker phenomenon iff every homomorphism G to Z maps almost all unit vectors to 0. Let se be the size of the smallest G leq Z^omega exhibiting the Specker phenomenon. (2) Given an u...
math
1,885
Combinatorial properties of classical forcing notions
math.LO
We discuss the effect of adding a single real (for various forcing notions adding reals) on cardinal invariants associated with the continuum (like the unbounding or the dominating number or the cardinals related to measure and category on the real line). For random and Cohen forcing, this question was investigated by ...
math
1,886
The additivity of porosity ideals
math.LO
We show that several sigma-ideals related to porous sets have additivity omega_1 and cofinality 2^omega. This answers a question addressed by Miroslav Repick'y.
math
1,887
A New Proof of Kunen's Inconsistency
math.LO
Using elementary pcf, we show that there is no $j:V\to M,$ $M$ transitive, $j\lambda =\lambda >crit(j),$ $j^{\prime \prime}\lambda \in M.$
math
1,888
Questions and answers -- a category arising in linear logic, complexity theory, and set theory
math.LO
A category used by de Paiva to model linear logic also occurs in Vojtas's analysis of cardinal characteristics of the continuum. Its morphisms have been used in describing reductions between search problems in complexity theory. We describe this category and how it arises in these various contexts. We also show how the...
math
1,889
Possible Behaviours of the Reflection Ordering of Stationary Sets
math.LO
If $S,T$ are stationary subsets of a regular uncountable cardinal $\kappa$, we say that $S$ reflects fully in $T$, $S<T$, if for almost all $\alpha \in T$ (except a nonstationary set) $S \cap \alpha$ is stationary in $\alpha .$ This relation is known to be a well founded partial ordering. We say that a given poset $P$ ...
math
1,890
On the divisible parts of quotient groups
math.LO
Techniques of combinatorial set theory are applied to the following algebraic problem. Suppose G is an abelian group such that, for all countable subgroups C, the divisible part of the quotient G/C is countable. What can one conclude about the size of the divisible part of G/K when the cardinality of the subgroup K is ...
math
1,891
Is game semantics necessary?
math.LO
We discuss the extent to which game semantics is implicit in the formalism of linear logic and in the intuitions underlying linear logic.
math
1,892
How to win some simple iteration games
math.LO
We introduce two new iteration games: the game G, which is a strengthening of the weak iteration game, and the game G+, which is somewhat stronger than G but weaker than the full iteration game of length omega_1. For a countable M elementarily embeddable in some V_{eta}, we can show that II wins G(M,omega_1) and that...
math
1,893
IST is more than an algorithm to prove ZFC theorems
math.LO
There is a sentence in the language of IST, Nelson's internal set theory, which is not equivalent in IST to a sentence in the ZFC language. Thus the Reduction algorithm of Nelson, that converts bounded IST formulas with standard parameters to provably (in IST) equivalent formulas in the ZFC language, cannot be extended...
math
1,894
Examples for Souslin forcing
math.LO
We give a model where there is a ccc Souslin forcing which does not satisfy the Knaster condition. Next, we present a model where there is a sigma-linked not sigma-centered Souslin forcing such that all its small subsets are sigma-centered but Martin Axiom fails for this order. Furthermore, we construct a totally nonho...
math
1,895
On hidden extenders
math.LO
A model with a sequence of indiscernibles depending on a particular precovering set is constructed.The initial assumption is as follows: for every n<omega the set {alpha | o(alpha)=alpha^+n } is unbounded in kappa.
math
1,896
Iterated Class Forcing
math.LO
In this paper we isolate the notion of Stratified class forcing and show that Stratification implies cofinality-preservation and is preserved by iterations with the appropriate support. Many familiar class forcings are stratified and therefore can be simultaneously iterated without changing cofinalities, provided the p...
math
1,897
A combinatorial forcing for coding the universe by a real when there are no sharps
math.LO
Assuming 0# does not exist, we present a combinatorial approach to Jensen's method of coding by a real. The forcing uses combinatorial consequences of fine structure (including the Covering Lemma, in various guises), but makes no direct appeal to fine structure itself.
math
1,898
Applications of cohomology to questions in set theory i: hausdorff gaps
math.LO
We explore an application of homological algebra to set theoretic objects by developing a cohomology theory for Hausdorff gaps. The cohomology theory is introduced with enough generality to be applicable to other questions in set theory. For gaps, this leads to a natural equivalence notion about which we answer questio...
math
1,899
Ultrafilters on omega
math.LO
A variety of classes of naturally arising ultrafilters on omega is discussed, and the question is raised whether it is consistent that the classes are empty. Since all the classes contain the P-point ultrafilters, a negative answer would greatly extend the famous theorem of Shelah.
math