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8,400
Understanding and Improving Convolutional Neural Networks via Concatenated Rectified Linear Units
cs.LG
Recently, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been used as a powerful tool to solve many problems of machine learning and computer vision. In this paper, we aim to provide insight on the property of convolutional neural networks, as well as a generic method to improve the performance of many CNN architectures. Sp...
computer science
8,401
DASA: Domain Adaptation in Stacked Autoencoders using Systematic Dropout
cs.CV
Domain adaptation deals with adapting behaviour of machine learning based systems trained using samples in source domain to their deployment in target domain where the statistics of samples in both domains are dissimilar. The task of directly training or adapting a learner in the target domain is challenged by lack of ...
computer science
8,402
Deep video gesture recognition using illumination invariants
cs.CV
In this paper we present architectures based on deep neural nets for gesture recognition in videos, which are invariant to local scaling. We amalgamate autoencoder and predictor architectures using an adaptive weighting scheme coping with a reduced size labeled dataset, while enriching our models from enormous unlabele...
computer science
8,403
Multi-velocity neural networks for gesture recognition in videos
cs.CV
We present a new action recognition deep neural network which adaptively learns the best action velocities in addition to the classification. While deep neural networks have reached maturity for image understanding tasks, we are still exploring network topologies and features to handle the richer environment of video c...
computer science
8,404
Global-Local Face Upsampling Network
cs.CV
Face hallucination, which is the task of generating a high-resolution face image from a low-resolution input image, is a well-studied problem that is useful in widespread application areas. Face hallucination is particularly challenging when the input face resolution is very low (e.g., 10 x 12 pixels) and/or the image ...
computer science
8,405
Co-occurrence Feature Learning for Skeleton based Action Recognition using Regularized Deep LSTM Networks
cs.CV
Skeleton based action recognition distinguishes human actions using the trajectories of skeleton joints, which provide a very good representation for describing actions. Considering that recurrent neural networks (RNNs) with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) can learn feature representations and model long-term temporal de...
computer science
8,406
Perceptual Losses for Real-Time Style Transfer and Super-Resolution
cs.CV
We consider image transformation problems, where an input image is transformed into an output image. Recent methods for such problems typically train feed-forward convolutional neural networks using a \emph{per-pixel} loss between the output and ground-truth images. Parallel work has shown that high-quality images can ...
computer science
8,407
Human Pose Estimation using Deep Consensus Voting
cs.CV
In this paper we consider the problem of human pose estimation from a single still image. We propose a novel approach where each location in the image votes for the position of each keypoint using a convolutional neural net. The voting scheme allows us to utilize information from the whole image, rather than rely on a ...
computer science
8,408
Hierarchical Gaussian Mixture Model with Objects Attached to Terminal and Non-terminal Dendrogram Nodes
cs.LG
A hierarchical clustering algorithm based on Gaussian mixture model is presented. The key difference to regular hierarchical mixture models is the ability to store objects in both terminal and nonterminal nodes. Upper levels of the hierarchy contain sparsely distributed objects, while lower levels contain densely repre...
computer science
8,409
Fast, Exact and Multi-Scale Inference for Semantic Image Segmentation with Deep Gaussian CRFs
cs.CV
In this work we propose a structured prediction technique that combines the virtues of Gaussian Conditional Random Fields (G-CRF) with Deep Learning: (a) our structured prediction task has a unique global optimum that is obtained exactly from the solution of a linear system (b) the gradients of our model parameters are...
computer science
8,410
Attend, Infer, Repeat: Fast Scene Understanding with Generative Models
cs.CV
We present a framework for efficient inference in structured image models that explicitly reason about objects. We achieve this by performing probabilistic inference using a recurrent neural network that attends to scene elements and processes them one at a time. Crucially, the model itself learns to choose the appropr...
computer science
8,411
A ParaBoost Stereoscopic Image Quality Assessment (PBSIQA) System
cs.CV
The problem of stereoscopic image quality assessment, which finds applications in 3D visual content delivery such as 3DTV, is investigated in this work. Specifically, we propose a new ParaBoost (parallel-boosting) stereoscopic image quality assessment (PBSIQA) system. The system consists of two stages. In the first sta...
computer science
8,412
Classification of Human Whole-Body Motion using Hidden Markov Models
cs.LG
Human motion plays an important role in many fields. Large databases exist that store and make available recordings of human motions. However, annotating each motion with multiple labels is a cumbersome and error-prone process. This bachelor's thesis presents different approaches to solve the multi-label classification...
computer science
8,413
Multimodal Sparse Coding for Event Detection
cs.LG
Unsupervised feature learning methods have proven effective for classification tasks based on a single modality. We present multimodal sparse coding for learning feature representations shared across multiple modalities. The shared representations are applied to multimedia event detection (MED) and evaluated in compari...
computer science
8,414
Inter-Battery Topic Representation Learning
cs.LG
In this paper, we present the Inter-Battery Topic Model (IBTM). Our approach extends traditional topic models by learning a factorized latent variable representation. The structured representation leads to a model that marries benefits traditionally associated with a discriminative approach, such as feature selection, ...
computer science
8,415
Action Classification via Concepts and Attributes
cs.CV
Classes in natural images tend to follow long tail distributions. This is problematic when there are insufficient training examples for rare classes. This effect is emphasized in compound classes, involving the conjunction of several concepts, such as those appearing in action-recognition datasets. In this paper, we pr...
computer science
8,416
Video Summarization with Long Short-term Memory
cs.CV
We propose a novel supervised learning technique for summarizing videos by automatically selecting keyframes or key subshots. Casting the problem as a structured prediction problem on sequential data, our main idea is to use Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), a special type of recurrent neural networks to model the variabl...
computer science
8,417
k2-means for fast and accurate large scale clustering
cs.LG
We propose k^2-means, a new clustering method which efficiently copes with large numbers of clusters and achieves low energy solutions. k^2-means builds upon the standard k-means (Lloyd's algorithm) and combines a new strategy to accelerate the convergence with a new low time complexity divisive initialization. The acc...
computer science
8,418
End-to-End Instance Segmentation with Recurrent Attention
cs.LG
While convolutional neural networks have gained impressive success recently in solving structured prediction problems such as semantic segmentation, it remains a challenge to differentiate individual object instances in the scene. Instance segmentation is very important in a variety of applications, such as autonomous ...
computer science
8,419
Dynamic Filter Networks
cs.LG
In a traditional convolutional layer, the learned filters stay fixed after training. In contrast, we introduce a new framework, the Dynamic Filter Network, where filters are generated dynamically conditioned on an input. We show that this architecture is a powerful one, with increased flexibility thanks to its adaptive...
computer science
8,420
Generalized Multi-view Embedding for Visual Recognition and Cross-modal Retrieval
cs.CV
In this paper, the problem of multi-view embedding from different visual cues and modalities is considered. We propose a unified solution for subspace learning methods using the Rayleigh quotient, which is extensible for multiple views, supervised learning, and non-linear embeddings. Numerous methods including Canonica...
computer science
8,421
Self-Paced Learning: an Implicit Regularization Perspective
cs.LG
Self-paced learning (SPL) mimics the cognitive mechanism of humans and animals that gradually learns from easy to hard samples. One key issue in SPL is to obtain better weighting strategy that is determined by minimizer function. Existing methods usually pursue this by artificially designing the explicit form of SPL re...
computer science
8,422
Comparison of 14 different families of classification algorithms on 115 binary datasets
cs.LG
We tested 14 very different classification algorithms (random forest, gradient boosting machines, SVM - linear, polynomial, and RBF - 1-hidden-layer neural nets, extreme learning machines, k-nearest neighbors and a bagging of knn, naive Bayes, learning vector quantization, elastic net logistic regression, sparse linear...
computer science
8,423
Active Regression with Adaptive Huber Loss
cs.LG
This paper addresses the scalar regression problem through a novel solution to exactly optimize the Huber loss in a general semi-supervised setting, which combines multi-view learning and manifold regularization. We propose a principled algorithm to 1) avoid computationally expensive iterative schemes while 2) adapting...
computer science
8,424
Fast and Extensible Online Multivariate Kernel Density Estimation
cs.LG
We present xokde++, a state-of-the-art online kernel density estimation approach that maintains Gaussian mixture models input data streams. The approach follows state-of-the-art work on online density estimation, but was redesigned with computational efficiency, numerical robustness, and extensibility in mind. Our appr...
computer science
8,425
IDNet: Smartphone-based Gait Recognition with Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.CV
Here, we present IDNet, a user authentication framework from smartphone-acquired motion signals. Its goal is to recognize a target user from their way of walking, using the accelerometer and gyroscope (inertial) signals provided by a commercial smartphone worn in the front pocket of the user's trousers. IDNet features ...
computer science
8,426
DCNNs on a Diet: Sampling Strategies for Reducing the Training Set Size
cs.CV
Large-scale supervised classification algorithms, especially those based on deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs), require vast amounts of training data to achieve state-of-the-art performance. Decreasing this data requirement would significantly speed up the training process and possibly improve generalization. M...
computer science
8,427
Max-Margin Feature Selection
cs.LG
Many machine learning applications such as in vision, biology and social networking deal with data in high dimensions. Feature selection is typically employed to select a subset of features which im- proves generalization accuracy as well as reduces the computational cost of learning the model. One of the criteria used...
computer science
8,428
Learning feed-forward one-shot learners
cs.CV
One-shot learning is usually tackled by using generative models or discriminative embeddings. Discriminative methods based on deep learning, which are very effective in other learning scenarios, are ill-suited for one-shot learning as they need large amounts of training data. In this paper, we propose a method to learn...
computer science
8,429
Conditional Image Generation with PixelCNN Decoders
cs.CV
This work explores conditional image generation with a new image density model based on the PixelCNN architecture. The model can be conditioned on any vector, including descriptive labels or tags, or latent embeddings created by other networks. When conditioned on class labels from the ImageNet database, the model is a...
computer science
8,430
Augmenting Supervised Neural Networks with Unsupervised Objectives for Large-scale Image Classification
cs.LG
Unsupervised learning and supervised learning are key research topics in deep learning. However, as high-capacity supervised neural networks trained with a large amount of labels have achieved remarkable success in many computer vision tasks, the availability of large-scale labeled images reduced the significance of un...
computer science
8,431
Deep Learning Markov Random Field for Semantic Segmentation
cs.CV
Semantic segmentation tasks can be well modeled by Markov Random Field (MRF). This paper addresses semantic segmentation by incorporating high-order relations and mixture of label contexts into MRF. Unlike previous works that optimized MRFs using iterative algorithm, we solve MRF by proposing a Convolutional Neural Net...
computer science
8,432
Training LDCRF model on unsegmented sequences using Connectionist Temporal Classification
cs.LG
Many machine learning problems such as speech recognition, gesture recognition, and handwriting recognition are concerned with simultaneous segmentation and labeling of sequence data. Latent-dynamic conditional random field (LDCRF) is a well-known discriminative method that has been successfully used for this task. How...
computer science
8,433
Overcoming Challenges in Fixed Point Training of Deep Convolutional Networks
cs.LG
It is known that training deep neural networks, in particular, deep convolutional networks, with aggressively reduced numerical precision is challenging. The stochastic gradient descent algorithm becomes unstable in the presence of noisy gradient updates resulting from arithmetic with limited numeric precision. One of ...
computer science
8,434
Visual Dynamics: Probabilistic Future Frame Synthesis via Cross Convolutional Networks
cs.CV
We study the problem of synthesizing a number of likely future frames from a single input image. In contrast to traditional methods, which have tackled this problem in a deterministic or non-parametric way, we propose a novel approach that models future frames in a probabilistic manner. Our probabilistic model makes it...
computer science
8,435
DeepBinaryMask: Learning a Binary Mask for Video Compressive Sensing
cs.CV
In this paper, we propose a novel encoder-decoder neural network model referred to as DeepBinaryMask for video compressive sensing. In video compressive sensing one frame is acquired using a set of coded masks (sensing matrix) from which a number of video frames is reconstructed, equal to the number of coded masks. The...
computer science
8,436
Improved Multi-Class Cost-Sensitive Boosting via Estimation of the Minimum-Risk Class
cs.CV
We present a simple unified framework for multi-class cost-sensitive boosting. The minimum-risk class is estimated directly, rather than via an approximation of the posterior distribution. Our method jointly optimizes binary weak learners and their corresponding output vectors, requiring classes to share features at ea...
computer science
8,437
Exploiting Multi-modal Curriculum in Noisy Web Data for Large-scale Concept Learning
cs.CV
Learning video concept detectors automatically from the big but noisy web data with no additional manual annotations is a novel but challenging area in the multimedia and the machine learning community. A considerable amount of videos on the web are associated with rich but noisy contextual information, such as the tit...
computer science
8,438
gvnn: Neural Network Library for Geometric Computer Vision
cs.CV
We introduce gvnn, a neural network library in Torch aimed towards bridging the gap between classic geometric computer vision and deep learning. Inspired by the recent success of Spatial Transformer Networks, we propose several new layers which are often used as parametric transformations on the data in geometric compu...
computer science
8,439
Deep FisherNet for Object Classification
cs.CV
Despite the great success of convolutional neural networks (CNN) for the image classification task on datasets like Cifar and ImageNet, CNN's representation power is still somewhat limited in dealing with object images that have large variation in size and clutter, where Fisher Vector (FV) has shown to be an effective ...
computer science
8,440
Learning Robust Features using Deep Learning for Automatic Seizure Detection
cs.LG
We present and evaluate the capacity of a deep neural network to learn robust features from EEG to automatically detect seizures. This is a challenging problem because seizure manifestations on EEG are extremely variable both inter- and intra-patient. By simultaneously capturing spectral, temporal and spatial informati...
computer science
8,441
A study of the effect of JPG compression on adversarial images
cs.CV
Neural network image classifiers are known to be vulnerable to adversarial images, i.e., natural images which have been modified by an adversarial perturbation specifically designed to be imperceptible to humans yet fool the classifier. Not only can adversarial images be generated easily, but these images will often be...
computer science
8,442
Leveraging Union of Subspace Structure to Improve Constrained Clustering
cs.LG
Many clustering problems in computer vision and other contexts are also classification problems, where each cluster shares a meaningful label. Subspace clustering algorithms in particular are often applied to problems that fit this description, for example with face images or handwritten digits. While it is straightfor...
computer science
8,443
Stacked Approximated Regression Machine: A Simple Deep Learning Approach
cs.LG
With the agreement of my coauthors, I Zhangyang Wang would like to withdraw the manuscript "Stacked Approximated Regression Machine: A Simple Deep Learning Approach". Some experimental procedures were not included in the manuscript, which makes a part of important claims not meaningful. In the relevant research, I was ...
computer science
8,444
Dynamic Hand Gesture Recognition for Wearable Devices with Low Complexity Recurrent Neural Networks
cs.CV
Gesture recognition is a very essential technology for many wearable devices. While previous algorithms are mostly based on statistical methods including the hidden Markov model, we develop two dynamic hand gesture recognition techniques using low complexity recurrent neural network (RNN) algorithms. One is based on vi...
computer science
8,445
Local Binary Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.LG
We propose local binary convolution (LBC), an efficient alternative to convolutional layers in standard convolutional neural networks (CNN). The design principles of LBC are motivated by local binary patterns (LBP). The LBC layer comprises of a set of fixed sparse pre-defined binary convolutional filters that are not u...
computer science
8,446
Deep Double Sparsity Encoder: Learning to Sparsify Not Only Features But Also Parameters
cs.LG
This paper emphasizes the significance to jointly exploit the problem structure and the parameter structure, in the context of deep modeling. As a specific and interesting example, we describe the deep double sparsity encoder (DDSE), which is inspired by the double sparsity model for dictionary learning. DDSE simultane...
computer science
8,447
Densely Connected Convolutional Networks
cs.CV
Recent work has shown that convolutional networks can be substantially deeper, more accurate, and efficient to train if they contain shorter connections between layers close to the input and those close to the output. In this paper, we embrace this observation and introduce the Dense Convolutional Network (DenseNet), w...
computer science
8,448
Pruning Filters for Efficient ConvNets
cs.CV
The success of CNNs in various applications is accompanied by a significant increase in the computation and parameter storage costs. Recent efforts toward reducing these overheads involve pruning and compressing the weights of various layers without hurting original accuracy. However, magnitude-based pruning of weights...
computer science
8,449
Semantic Video Trailers
cs.LG
Query-based video summarization is the task of creating a brief visual trailer, which captures the parts of the video (or a collection of videos) that are most relevant to the user-issued query. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised label propagation approach for this task. Our approach effectively captures the mul...
computer science
8,450
DAiSEE: Towards User Engagement Recognition in the Wild
cs.CV
We introduce DAiSEE, the largest multi-label video classification dataset comprising of over two-and-a-half million video frames (2,723,882), 9068 video snippets (about 25 hours of recording) captured from 112 users for recognizing user affective states, including engagement, in the wild. In addition to engagement, it ...
computer science
8,451
Automatic Selection of Stochastic Watershed Hierarchies
cs.CV
The segmentation, seen as the association of a partition with an image, is a difficult task. It can be decomposed in two steps: at first, a family of contours associated with a series of nested partitions (or hierarchy) is created and organized, then pertinent contours are extracted. A coarser partition is obtained by ...
computer science
8,452
Geometry-Based Next Frame Prediction from Monocular Video
cs.LG
We consider the problem of next frame prediction from video input. A recurrent convolutional neural network is trained to predict depth from monocular video input, which, along with the current video image and the camera trajectory, can then be used to compute the next frame. Unlike prior next-frame prediction approach...
computer science
8,453
PixelNet: Towards a General Pixel-level Architecture
cs.CV
We explore architectures for general pixel-level prediction problems, from low-level edge detection to mid-level surface normal estimation to high-level semantic segmentation. Convolutional predictors, such as the fully-convolutional network (FCN), have achieved remarkable success by exploiting the spatial redundancy o...
computer science
8,454
A Rotation Invariant Latent Factor Model for Moveme Discovery from Static Poses
cs.CV
We tackle the problem of learning a rotation invariant latent factor model when the training data is comprised of lower-dimensional projections of the original feature space. The main goal is the discovery of a set of 3-D bases poses that can characterize the manifold of primitive human motions, or movemes, from a trai...
computer science
8,455
Deep Structured Features for Semantic Segmentation
cs.CV
We propose a highly structured neural network architecture for semantic segmentation with an extremely small model size, suitable for low-power embedded and mobile platforms. Specifically, our architecture combines i) a Haar wavelet-based tree-like convolutional neural network (CNN), ii) a random layer realizing a radi...
computer science
8,456
Simultaneous Low-rank Component and Graph Estimation for High-dimensional Graph Signals: Application to Brain Imaging
cs.CV
We propose an algorithm to uncover the intrinsic low-rank component of a high-dimensional, graph-smooth and grossly-corrupted dataset, under the situations that the underlying graph is unknown. Based on a model with a low-rank component plus a sparse perturbation, and an initial graph estimation, our proposed algorithm...
computer science
8,457
Similarity Mapping with Enhanced Siamese Network for Multi-Object Tracking
cs.CV
Multi-object tracking has recently become an important area of computer vision, especially for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). Despite growing attention, achieving high performance tracking is still challenging, with state-of-the- art systems resulting in high complexity with a large number of hyper paramete...
computer science
8,458
OPML: A One-Pass Closed-Form Solution for Online Metric Learning
cs.LG
To achieve a low computational cost when performing online metric learning for large-scale data, we present a one-pass closed-form solution namely OPML in this paper. Typically, the proposed OPML first adopts a one-pass triplet construction strategy, which aims to use only a very small number of triplets to approximate...
computer science
8,459
Structure-Aware Classification using Supervised Dictionary Learning
cs.LG
In this paper, we propose a supervised dictionary learning algorithm that aims to preserve the local geometry in both dimensions of the data. A graph-based regularization explicitly takes into account the local manifold structure of the data points. A second graph regularization gives similar treatment to the feature d...
computer science
8,460
Video Pixel Networks
cs.CV
We propose a probabilistic video model, the Video Pixel Network (VPN), that estimates the discrete joint distribution of the raw pixel values in a video. The model and the neural architecture reflect the time, space and color structure of video tensors and encode it as a four-dimensional dependency chain. The VPN appro...
computer science
8,461
Kernel Selection using Multiple Kernel Learning and Domain Adaptation in Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space, for Face Recognition under Surveillance Scenario
cs.CV
Face Recognition (FR) has been the interest to several researchers over the past few decades due to its passive nature of biometric authentication. Despite high accuracy achieved by face recognition algorithms under controlled conditions, achieving the same performance for face images obtained in surveillance scenarios...
computer science
8,462
Predicting the dynamics of 2d objects with a deep residual network
cs.CV
We investigate how a residual network can learn to predict the dynamics of interacting shapes purely as an image-to-image regression task. With a simple 2d physics simulator, we generate short sequences composed of rectangles put in motion by applying a pulling force at a point picked at random. The network is traine...
computer science
8,463
Encoding the Local Connectivity Patterns of fMRI for Cognitive State Classification
cs.CV
In this work, we propose a novel framework to encode the local connectivity patterns of brain, using Fisher Vectors (FV), Vector of Locally Aggregated Descriptors (VLAD) and Bag-of-Words (BoW) methods. We first obtain local descriptors, called Mesh Arc Descriptors (MADs) from fMRI data, by forming local meshes around a...
computer science
8,464
Fast L1-NMF for Multiple Parametric Model Estimation
cs.CV
In this work we introduce a comprehensive algorithmic pipeline for multiple parametric model estimation. The proposed approach analyzes the information produced by a random sampling algorithm (e.g., RANSAC) from a machine learning/optimization perspective, using a \textit{parameterless} biclustering algorithm based on ...
computer science
8,465
Utilization of Deep Reinforcement Learning for saccadic-based object visual search
cs.CV
The paper focuses on the problem of learning saccades enabling visual object search. The developed system combines reinforcement learning with a neural network for learning to predict the possible outcomes of its actions. We validated the solution in three types of environment consisting of (pseudo)-randomly generated ...
computer science
8,466
Exercise Motion Classification from Large-Scale Wearable Sensor Data Using Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.CV
The ability to accurately identify human activities is essential for developing automatic rehabilitation and sports training systems. In this paper, large-scale exercise motion data obtained from a forearm-worn wearable sensor are classified with a convolutional neural network (CNN). Time-series data consisting of acce...
computer science
8,467
Learning a Probabilistic Latent Space of Object Shapes via 3D Generative-Adversarial Modeling
cs.CV
We study the problem of 3D object generation. We propose a novel framework, namely 3D Generative Adversarial Network (3D-GAN), which generates 3D objects from a probabilistic space by leveraging recent advances in volumetric convolutional networks and generative adversarial nets. The benefits of our model are three-fol...
computer science
8,468
A Learned Representation For Artistic Style
cs.CV
The diversity of painting styles represents a rich visual vocabulary for the construction of an image. The degree to which one may learn and parsimoniously capture this visual vocabulary measures our understanding of the higher level features of paintings, if not images in general. In this work we investigate the const...
computer science
8,469
Local Similarity-Aware Deep Feature Embedding
cs.CV
Existing deep embedding methods in vision tasks are capable of learning a compact Euclidean space from images, where Euclidean distances correspond to a similarity metric. To make learning more effective and efficient, hard sample mining is usually employed, with samples identified through computing the Euclidean featu...
computer science
8,470
Exploiting Spatio-Temporal Structure with Recurrent Winner-Take-All Networks
cs.LG
We propose a convolutional recurrent neural network, with Winner-Take-All dropout for high dimensional unsupervised feature learning in multi-dimensional time series. We apply the proposedmethod for object recognition with temporal context in videos and obtain better results than comparable methods in the literature, i...
computer science
8,471
Embedding Deep Metric for Person Re-identication A Study Against Large Variations
cs.CV
Person re-identification is challenging due to the large variations of pose, illumination, occlusion and camera view. Owing to these variations, the pedestrian data is distributed as highly-curved manifolds in the feature space, despite the current convolutional neural networks (CNN)'s capability of feature extraction....
computer science
8,472
Learning Identity Mappings with Residual Gates
cs.CV
We propose a new layer design by adding a linear gating mechanism to shortcut connections. By using a scalar parameter to control each gate, we provide a way to learn identity mappings by optimizing only one parameter. We build upon the motivation behind Residual Networks, where a layer is reformulated in order to make...
computer science
8,473
Fixed-point Factorized Networks
cs.CV
In recent years, Deep Neural Networks (DNN) based methods have achieved remarkable performance in a wide range of tasks and have been among the most powerful and widely used techniques in computer vision. However, DNN-based methods are both computational-intensive and resource-consuming, which hinders the application o...
computer science
8,474
Domain Adaptation with L2 constraints for classifying images from different endoscope systems
cs.CV
This paper proposes a method for domain adaptation that extends the maximum margin domain transfer (MMDT) proposed by Hoffman et al., by introducing L2 distance constraints between samples of different domains; thus, our method is denoted as MMDTL2. Motivated by the differences between the images taken by narrow band i...
computer science
8,475
Gradients of Counterfactuals
cs.LG
Gradients have been used to quantify feature importance in machine learning models. Unfortunately, in nonlinear deep networks, not only individual neurons but also the whole network can saturate, and as a result an important input feature can have a tiny gradient. We study various networks, and observe that this phenom...
computer science
8,476
Hierarchical Object Detection with Deep Reinforcement Learning
cs.CV
We present a method for performing hierarchical object detection in images guided by a deep reinforcement learning agent. The key idea is to focus on those parts of the image that contain richer information and zoom on them. We train an intelligent agent that, given an image window, is capable of deciding where to focu...
computer science
8,477
Constrained Low-Rank Learning Using Least Squares-Based Regularization
cs.CV
Low-rank learning has attracted much attention recently due to its efficacy in a rich variety of real-world tasks, e.g., subspace segmentation and image categorization. Most low-rank methods are incapable of capturing low-dimensional subspace for supervised learning tasks, e.g., classification and regression. This pape...
computer science
8,478
S3Pool: Pooling with Stochastic Spatial Sampling
cs.LG
Feature pooling layers (e.g., max pooling) in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) serve the dual purpose of providing increasingly abstract representations as well as yielding computational savings in subsequent convolutional layers. We view the pooling operation in CNNs as a two-step procedure: first, a pooling windo...
computer science
8,479
Fast On-Line Kernel Density Estimation for Active Object Localization
cs.CV
A major goal of computer vision is to enable computers to interpret visual situations---abstract concepts (e.g., "a person walking a dog," "a crowd waiting for a bus," "a picnic") whose image instantiations are linked more by their common spatial and semantic structure than by low-level visual similarity. In this paper...
computer science
8,480
Fully-adaptive Feature Sharing in Multi-Task Networks with Applications in Person Attribute Classification
cs.CV
Multi-task learning aims to improve generalization performance of multiple prediction tasks by appropriately sharing relevant information across them. In the context of deep neural networks, this idea is often realized by hand-designed network architectures with layers that are shared across tasks and branches that enc...
computer science
8,481
Optical Flow Requires Multiple Strategies (but only one network)
cs.CV
We show that the matching problem that underlies optical flow requires multiple strategies, depending on the amount of image motion and other factors. We then study the implications of this observation on training a deep neural network for representing image patches in the context of descriptor based optical flow. We p...
computer science
8,482
Inverting The Generator Of A Generative Adversarial Network
cs.CV
Generative adversarial networks (GANs) learn to synthesise new samples from a high-dimensional distribution by passing samples drawn from a latent space through a generative network. When the high-dimensional distribution describes images of a particular data set, the network should learn to generate visually similar i...
computer science
8,483
Temporal Generative Adversarial Nets with Singular Value Clipping
cs.LG
In this paper, we propose a generative model, Temporal Generative Adversarial Nets (TGAN), which can learn a semantic representation of unlabeled videos, and is capable of generating videos. Unlike existing Generative Adversarial Nets (GAN)-based methods that generate videos with a single generator consisting of 3D dec...
computer science
8,484
Training Sparse Neural Networks
cs.CV
Deep neural networks with lots of parameters are typically used for large-scale computer vision tasks such as image classification. This is a result of using dense matrix multiplications and convolutions. However, sparse computations are known to be much more efficient. In this work, we train and build neural networks ...
computer science
8,485
Effective Deterministic Initialization for $k$-Means-Like Methods via Local Density Peaks Searching
cs.LG
The $k$-means clustering algorithm is popular but has the following main drawbacks: 1) the number of clusters, $k$, needs to be provided by the user in advance, 2) it can easily reach local minima with randomly selected initial centers, 3) it is sensitive to outliers, and 4) it can only deal with well separated hypersp...
computer science
8,486
Adaptive Down-Sampling and Dimension Reduction in Time Elastic Kernel Machines for Efficient Recognition of Isolated Gestures
cs.CV
In the scope of gestural action recognition, the size of the feature vector representing movements is in general quite large especially when full body movements are considered. Furthermore, this feature vector evolves during the movement performance so that a complete movement is fully represented by a matrix M of size...
computer science
8,487
Image Based Appraisal of Real Estate Properties
cs.CV
Real estate appraisal, which is the process of estimating the price for real estate properties, is crucial for both buys and sellers as the basis for negotiation and transaction. Traditionally, the repeat sales model has been widely adopted to estimate real estate price. However, it depends the design and calculation o...
computer science
8,488
Effective Quantization Methods for Recurrent Neural Networks
cs.LG
Reducing bit-widths of weights, activations, and gradients of a Neural Network can shrink its storage size and memory usage, and also allow for faster training and inference by exploiting bitwise operations. However, previous attempts for quantization of RNNs show considerable performance degradation when using low bit...
computer science
8,489
Two-Bit Networks for Deep Learning on Resource-Constrained Embedded Devices
cs.LG
With the rapid proliferation of Internet of Things and intelligent edge devices, there is an increasing need for implementing machine learning algorithms, including deep learning, on resource-constrained mobile embedded devices with limited memory and computation power. Typical large Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs...
computer science
8,490
Overlapping Cover Local Regression Machines
cs.LG
We present the Overlapping Domain Cover (ODC) notion for kernel machines, as a set of overlapping subsets of the data that covers the entire training set and optimized to be spatially cohesive as possible. We show how this notion benefit the speed of local kernel machines for regression in terms of both speed while ach...
computer science
8,491
Unsupervised Image-to-Image Translation with Generative Adversarial Networks
cs.CV
It's useful to automatically transform an image from its original form to some synthetic form (style, partial contents, etc.), while keeping the original structure or semantics. We define this requirement as the "image-to-image translation" problem, and propose a general approach to achieve it, based on deep convolutio...
computer science
8,492
Scaling Binarized Neural Networks on Reconfigurable Logic
cs.CV
Binarized neural networks (BNNs) are gaining interest in the deep learning community due to their significantly lower computational and memory cost. They are particularly well suited to reconfigurable logic devices, which contain an abundance of fine-grained compute resources and can result in smaller, lower power impl...
computer science
8,493
Geometric features for voxel-based surface recognition
cs.CV
We introduce a library of geometric voxel features for CAD surface recognition/retrieval tasks. Our features include local versions of the intrinsic volumes (the usual 3D volume, surface area, integrated mean and Gaussian curvature) and a few closely related quantities. We also compute Haar wavelet and statistical dist...
computer science
8,494
When Slepian Meets Fiedler: Putting a Focus on the Graph Spectrum
cs.LG
The study of complex systems benefits from graph models and their analysis. In particular, the eigendecomposition of the graph Laplacian lets emerge properties of global organization from local interactions; e.g., the Fiedler vector has the smallest non-zero eigenvalue and plays a key role for graph clustering. Graph s...
computer science
8,495
Transformation-Based Models of Video Sequences
cs.LG
In this work we propose a simple unsupervised approach for next frame prediction in video. Instead of directly predicting the pixels in a frame given past frames, we predict the transformations needed for generating the next frame in a sequence, given the transformations of the past frames. This leads to sharper result...
computer science
8,496
Fully Convolutional Architectures for Multi-Class Segmentation in Chest Radiographs
cs.CV
The success of deep convolutional neural networks on image classification and recognition tasks has led to new applications in very diversified contexts, including the field of medical imaging. In this paper we investigate and propose neural network architectures for automated multi-class segmentation of anatomical org...
computer science
8,497
Emergence of Selective Invariance in Hierarchical Feed Forward Networks
cs.LG
Many theories have emerged which investigate how in- variance is generated in hierarchical networks through sim- ple schemes such as max and mean pooling. The restriction to max/mean pooling in theoretical and empirical studies has diverted attention away from a more general way of generating invariance to nuisance tra...
computer science
8,498
SenseGen: A Deep Learning Architecture for Synthetic Sensor Data Generation
cs.LG
Our ability to synthesize sensory data that preserves specific statistical properties of the real data has had tremendous implications on data privacy and big data analytics. The synthetic data can be used as a substitute for selective real data segments,that are sensitive to the user, thus protecting privacy and resul...
computer science
8,499
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Visual Object Tracking in Videos
cs.CV
In this paper we introduce a fully end-to-end approach for visual tracking in videos that learns to predict the bounding box locations of a target object at every frame. An important insight is that the tracking problem can be considered as a sequential decision-making process and historical semantics encode highly rel...
computer science