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8,500
Segmentation of optic disc, fovea and retinal vasculature using a single convolutional neural network
cs.CV
We have developed and trained a convolutional neural network to automatically and simultaneously segment optic disc, fovea and blood vessels. Fundus images were normalised before segmentation was performed to enforce consistency in background lighting and contrast. For every effective point in the fundus image, our alg...
computer science
8,501
HashNet: Deep Learning to Hash by Continuation
cs.LG
Learning to hash has been widely applied to approximate nearest neighbor search for large-scale multimedia retrieval, due to its computation efficiency and retrieval quality. Deep learning to hash, which improves retrieval quality by end-to-end representation learning and hash encoding, has received increasing attentio...
computer science
8,502
Pixel Recursive Super Resolution
cs.CV
We present a pixel recursive super resolution model that synthesizes realistic details into images while enhancing their resolution. A low resolution image may correspond to multiple plausible high resolution images, thus modeling the super resolution process with a pixel independent conditional model often results in ...
computer science
8,503
Intrinsic Grassmann Averages for Online Linear and Robust Subspace Learning
cs.LG
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a fundamental method for estimating a linear subspace approximation to high-dimensional data. Many algorithms exist in literature to achieve a statistically robust version of PCA called RPCA. In this paper, we present a geometric framework for computing the principal linear subspac...
computer science
8,504
Latent Hinge-Minimax Risk Minimization for Inference from a Small Number of Training Samples
cs.LG
Deep Learning (DL) methods show very good performance when trained on large, balanced data sets. However, many practical problems involve imbalanced data sets, or/and classes with a small number of training samples. The performance of DL methods as well as more traditional classifiers drops significantly in such settin...
computer science
8,505
Joint Discovery of Object States and Manipulation Actions
cs.CV
Many human activities involve object manipulations aiming to modify the object state. Examples of common state changes include full/empty bottle, open/closed door, and attached/detached car wheel. In this work, we seek to automatically discover the states of objects and the associated manipulation actions. Given a set ...
computer science
8,506
Discovering objects and their relations from entangled scene representations
cs.LG
Our world can be succinctly and compactly described as structured scenes of objects and relations. A typical room, for example, contains salient objects such as tables, chairs and books, and these objects typically relate to each other by their underlying causes and semantics. This gives rise to correlated features, su...
computer science
8,507
The importance of stain normalization in colorectal tissue classification with convolutional networks
cs.CV
The development of reliable imaging biomarkers for the analysis of colorectal cancer (CRC) in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained histopathology images requires an accurate and reproducible classification of the main tissue components in the image. In this paper, we propose a system for CRC tissue classification based ...
computer science
8,508
An Extended Framework for Marginalized Domain Adaptation
cs.CV
We propose an extended framework for marginalized domain adaptation, aimed at addressing unsupervised, supervised and semi-supervised scenarios. We argue that the denoising principle should be extended to explicitly promote domain-invariant features as well as help the classification task. Therefore we propose to joint...
computer science
8,509
Label Distribution Learning Forests
cs.LG
Label distribution learning (LDL) is a general learning framework, which assigns to an instance a distribution over a set of labels rather than a single label or multiple labels. Current LDL methods have either restricted assumptions on the expression form of the label distribution or limitations in representation lear...
computer science
8,510
Scene Recognition by Combining Local and Global Image Descriptors
cs.CV
Object recognition is an important problem in computer vision, having diverse applications. In this work, we construct an end-to-end scene recognition pipeline consisting of feature extraction, encoding, pooling and classification. Our approach simultaneously utilize global feature descriptors as well as local feature ...
computer science
8,511
How ConvNets model Non-linear Transformations
cs.CV
In this paper, we theoretically address three fundamental problems involving deep convolutional networks regarding invariance, depth and hierarchy. We introduce the paradigm of Transformation Networks (TN) which are a direct generalization of Convolutional Networks (ConvNets). Theoretically, we show that TNs (and there...
computer science
8,512
Bayesian Nonparametric Feature and Policy Learning for Decision-Making
cs.LG
Learning from demonstrations has gained increasing interest in the recent past, enabling an agent to learn how to make decisions by observing an experienced teacher. While many approaches have been proposed to solve this problem, there is only little work that focuses on reasoning about the observed behavior. We assume...
computer science
8,513
ShaResNet: reducing residual network parameter number by sharing weights
cs.CV
Deep Residual Networks have reached the state of the art in many image processing tasks such image classification. However, the cost for a gain in accuracy in terms of depth and memory is prohibitive as it requires a higher number of residual blocks, up to double the initial value. To tackle this problem, we propose in...
computer science
8,514
Graph-based Isometry Invariant Representation Learning
cs.CV
Learning transformation invariant representations of visual data is an important problem in computer vision. Deep convolutional networks have demonstrated remarkable results for image and video classification tasks. However, they have achieved only limited success in the classification of images that undergo geometric ...
computer science
8,515
Wireless Interference Identification with Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.LG
The steadily growing use of license-free frequency bands requires reliable coexistence management for deterministic medium utilization. For interference mitigation, proper wireless interference identification (WII) is essential. In this work we propose the first WII approach based upon deep convolutional neural network...
computer science
8,516
Attentive Recurrent Comparators
cs.CV
Rapid learning requires flexible representations to quickly adopt to new evidence. We develop a novel class of models called Attentive Recurrent Comparators (ARCs) that form representations of objects by cycling through them and making observations. Using the representations extracted by ARCs, we develop a way of appro...
computer science
8,517
LR-GAN: Layered Recursive Generative Adversarial Networks for Image Generation
cs.CV
We present LR-GAN: an adversarial image generation model which takes scene structure and context into account. Unlike previous generative adversarial networks (GANs), the proposed GAN learns to generate image background and foregrounds separately and recursively, and stitch the foregrounds on the background in a contex...
computer science
8,518
Building a Regular Decision Boundary with Deep Networks
cs.CV
In this work, we build a generic architecture of Convolutional Neural Networks to discover empirical properties of neural networks. Our first contribution is to introduce a state-of-the-art framework that depends upon few hyper parameters and to study the network when we vary them. It has no max pooling, no biases, onl...
computer science
8,519
Distance Metric Learning using Graph Convolutional Networks: Application to Functional Brain Networks
cs.CV
Evaluating similarity between graphs is of major importance in several computer vision and pattern recognition problems, where graph representations are often used to model objects or interactions between elements. The choice of a distance or similarity metric is, however, not trivial and can be highly dependent on the...
computer science
8,520
Triple Generative Adversarial Nets
cs.LG
Generative Adversarial Nets (GANs) have shown promise in image generation and semi-supervised learning (SSL). However, existing GANs in SSL have two problems: (1) the generator and the discriminator (i.e. the classifier) may not be optimal at the same time; and (2) the generator cannot control the semantics of the gene...
computer science
8,521
Qualitative Assessment of Recurrent Human Motion
cs.LG
Smartphone applications designed to track human motion in combination with wearable sensors, e.g., during physical exercising, raised huge attention recently. Commonly, they provide quantitative services, such as personalized training instructions or the counting of distances. But qualitative monitoring and assessment ...
computer science
8,522
A Hybrid Deep Learning Architecture for Privacy-Preserving Mobile Analytics
cs.LG
The increasing quality of smartphone cameras and variety of photo editing applications, in addition to the rise in popularity of image-centric social media, have all led to a phenomenal growth in mobile-based photography. Advances in computer vision and machine learning techniques provide a large number of cloud-based ...
computer science
8,523
Deep Convolutional Neural Network Inference with Floating-point Weights and Fixed-point Activations
cs.LG
Deep convolutional neural network (CNN) inference requires significant amount of memory and computation, which limits its deployment on embedded devices. To alleviate these problems to some extent, prior research utilize low precision fixed-point numbers to represent the CNN weights and activations. However, the minimu...
computer science
8,524
Convolutional neural network architecture for geometric matching
cs.CV
We address the problem of determining correspondences between two images in agreement with a geometric model such as an affine or thin-plate spline transformation, and estimating its parameters. The contributions of this work are three-fold. First, we propose a convolutional neural network architecture for geometric ma...
computer science
8,525
Automatically identifying, counting, and describing wild animals in camera-trap images with deep learning
cs.CV
Having accurate, detailed, and up-to-date information about the location and behavior of animals in the wild would revolutionize our ability to study and conserve ecosystems. We investigate the ability to automatically, accurately, and inexpensively collect such data, which could transform many fields of biology, ecolo...
computer science
8,526
Unsupervised Anomaly Detection with Generative Adversarial Networks to Guide Marker Discovery
cs.CV
Obtaining models that capture imaging markers relevant for disease progression and treatment monitoring is challenging. Models are typically based on large amounts of data with annotated examples of known markers aiming at automating detection. High annotation effort and the limitation to a vocabulary of known markers ...
computer science
8,527
Comparison of Different Methods for Tissue Segmentation in Histopathological Whole-Slide Images
cs.CV
Tissue segmentation is an important pre-requisite for efficient and accurate diagnostics in digital pathology. However, it is well known that whole-slide scanners can fail in detecting all tissue regions, for example due to the tissue type, or due to weak staining because their tissue detection algorithms are not robus...
computer science
8,528
Active Decision Boundary Annotation with Deep Generative Models
cs.CV
This paper is on active learning where the goal is to reduce the data annotation burden by interacting with a (human) oracle during training. Standard active learning methods ask the oracle to annotate data samples. Instead, we take a profoundly different approach: we ask for annotations of the decision boundary. We ac...
computer science
8,529
How far are we from solving the 2D & 3D Face Alignment problem? (and a dataset of 230,000 3D facial landmarks)
cs.CV
This paper investigates how far a very deep neural network is from attaining close to saturating performance on existing 2D and 3D face alignment datasets. To this end, we make the following 5 contributions: (a) we construct, for the first time, a very strong baseline by combining a state-of-the-art architecture for la...
computer science
8,530
Predicting Deeper into the Future of Semantic Segmentation
cs.CV
The ability to predict and therefore to anticipate the future is an important attribute of intelligence. It is also of utmost importance in real-time systems, e.g. in robotics or autonomous driving, which depend on visual scene understanding for decision making. While prediction of the raw RGB pixel values in future vi...
computer science
8,531
Discriminatively Boosted Image Clustering with Fully Convolutional Auto-Encoders
cs.CV
Traditional image clustering methods take a two-step approach, feature learning and clustering, sequentially. However, recent research results demonstrated that combining the separated phases in a unified framework and training them jointly can achieve a better performance. In this paper, we first introduce fully convo...
computer science
8,532
On the Robustness of Convolutional Neural Networks to Internal Architecture and Weight Perturbations
cs.LG
Deep convolutional neural networks are generally regarded as robust function approximators. So far, this intuition is based on perturbations to external stimuli such as the images to be classified. Here we explore the robustness of convolutional neural networks to perturbations to the internal weights and architecture ...
computer science
8,533
Who Said What: Modeling Individual Labelers Improves Classification
cs.LG
Data are often labeled by many different experts with each expert only labeling a small fraction of the data and each data point being labeled by several experts. This reduces the workload on individual experts and also gives a better estimate of the unobserved ground truth. When experts disagree, the standard approach...
computer science
8,534
Learned Multi-Patch Similarity
cs.CV
Estimating a depth map from multiple views of a scene is a fundamental task in computer vision. As soon as more than two viewpoints are available, one faces the very basic question how to measure similarity across >2 image patches. Surprisingly, no direct solution exists, instead it is common to fall back to more or le...
computer science
8,535
Scaling the Scattering Transform: Deep Hybrid Networks
cs.CV
We use the scattering network as a generic and fixed ini-tialization of the first layers of a supervised hybrid deep network. We show that early layers do not necessarily need to be learned, providing the best results to-date with pre-defined representations while being competitive with Deep CNNs. Using a shallow casca...
computer science
8,536
Learned Spectral Super-Resolution
cs.CV
We describe a novel method for blind, single-image spectral super-resolution. While conventional super-resolution aims to increase the spatial resolution of an input image, our goal is to spectrally enhance the input, i.e., generate an image with the same spatial resolution, but a greatly increased number of narrow (hy...
computer science
8,537
Two-Stream RNN/CNN for Action Recognition in 3D Videos
cs.CV
The recognition of actions from video sequences has many applications in health monitoring, assisted living, surveillance, and smart homes. Despite advances in sensing, in particular related to 3D video, the methodologies to process the data are still subject to research. We demonstrate superior results by a system whi...
computer science
8,538
Deceiving Google's Cloud Video Intelligence API Built for Summarizing Videos
cs.CV
Despite the rapid progress of the techniques for image classification, video annotation has remained a challenging task. Automated video annotation would be a breakthrough technology, enabling users to search within the videos. Recently, Google introduced the Cloud Video Intelligence API for video analysis. As per the ...
computer science
8,539
Interpretable Learning for Self-Driving Cars by Visualizing Causal Attention
cs.CV
Deep neural perception and control networks are likely to be a key component of self-driving vehicles. These models need to be explainable - they should provide easy-to-interpret rationales for their behavior - so that passengers, insurance companies, law enforcement, developers etc., can understand what triggered a pa...
computer science
8,540
SafetyNet: Detecting and Rejecting Adversarial Examples Robustly
cs.CV
We describe a method to produce a network where current methods such as DeepFool have great difficulty producing adversarial samples. Our construction suggests some insights into how deep networks work. We provide a reasonable analyses that our construction is difficult to defeat, and show experimentally that our metho...
computer science
8,541
Clustering in Hilbert simplex geometry
cs.LG
Clustering categorical distributions in the probability simplex is a fundamental primitive often met in applications dealing with histograms or mixtures of multinomials. Traditionally, the differential-geometric structure of the probability simplex has been used either by (i) setting the Riemannian metric tensor to the...
computer science
8,542
Soft-to-Hard Vector Quantization for End-to-End Learning Compressible Representations
cs.LG
We present a new approach to learn compressible representations in deep architectures with an end-to-end training strategy. Our method is based on a soft (continuous) relaxation of quantization and entropy, which we anneal to their discrete counterparts throughout training. We showcase this method for two challenging a...
computer science
8,543
Not All Pixels Are Equal: Difficulty-aware Semantic Segmentation via Deep Layer Cascade
cs.CV
We propose a novel deep layer cascade (LC) method to improve the accuracy and speed of semantic segmentation. Unlike the conventional model cascade (MC) that is composed of multiple independent models, LC treats a single deep model as a cascade of several sub-models. Earlier sub-models are trained to handle easy and co...
computer science
8,544
Automatic Breast Ultrasound Image Segmentation: A Survey
cs.CV
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death among women worldwide. In clinical routine, automatic breast ultrasound (BUS) image segmentation is very challenging and essential for cancer diagnosis and treatment planning. Many BUS segmentation approaches have been studied in the last two decades, and have ...
computer science
8,545
Online Hashing
cs.CV
Although hash function learning algorithms have achieved great success in recent years, most existing hash models are off-line, which are not suitable for processing sequential or online data. To address this problem, this work proposes an online hash model to accommodate data coming in stream for online learning. Spec...
computer science
8,546
Land Cover Classification via Multi-temporal Spatial Data by Recurrent Neural Networks
cs.CV
Nowadays, modern earth observation programs produce huge volumes of satellite images time series (SITS) that can be useful to monitor geographical areas through time. How to efficiently analyze such kind of information is still an open question in the remote sensing field. Recently, deep learning methods proved suitabl...
computer science
8,547
Learning a collaborative multiscale dictionary based on robust empirical mode decomposition
cs.CV
Dictionary learning is a challenge topic in many image processing areas. The basic goal is to learn a sparse representation from an overcomplete basis set. Due to combining the advantages of generic multiscale representations with learning based adaptivity, multiscale dictionary representation approaches have the power...
computer science
8,548
Deep Learning for Photoacoustic Tomography from Sparse Data
cs.CV
The development of fast and accurate image reconstruction algorithms is a central aspect of computed tomography. In this paper we investigate this issue for the sparse data problem in photoacoustic tomography (PAT). We develop a direct and highly efficient reconstruction algorithm based on deep learning. In our approac...
computer science
8,549
Gang of GANs: Generative Adversarial Networks with Maximum Margin Ranking
cs.CV
Traditional generative adversarial networks (GAN) and many of its variants are trained by minimizing the KL or JS-divergence loss that measures how close the generated data distribution is from the true data distribution. A recent advance called the WGAN based on Wasserstein distance can improve on the KL and JS-diverg...
computer science
8,550
Google's Cloud Vision API Is Not Robust To Noise
cs.CV
Google has recently introduced the Cloud Vision API for image analysis. According to the demonstration website, the API "quickly classifies images into thousands of categories, detects individual objects and faces within images, and finds and reads printed words contained within images." It can be also used to "detect ...
computer science
8,551
Insensitive Stochastic Gradient Twin Support Vector Machine for Large Scale Problems
cs.LG
Stochastic gradient descent algorithm has been successfully applied on support vector machines (called PEGASOS) for many classification problems. In this paper, stochastic gradient descent algorithm is investigated to twin support vector machines for classification. Compared with PEGASOS, the proposed stochastic gradie...
computer science
8,552
Unsupervised Creation of Parameterized Avatars
cs.CV
We study the problem of mapping an input image to a tied pair consisting of a vector of parameters and an image that is created using a graphical engine from the vector of parameters. The mapping's objective is to have the output image as similar as possible to the input image. During training, no supervision is given ...
computer science
8,553
A Deep Learning Framework using Passive WiFi Sensing for Respiration Monitoring
cs.CV
This paper presents an end-to-end deep learning framework using passive WiFi sensing to classify and estimate human respiration activity. A passive radar test-bed is used with two channels where the first channel provides the reference WiFi signal, whereas the other channel provides a surveillance signal that contains ...
computer science
8,554
End-to-end representation learning for Correlation Filter based tracking
cs.CV
The Correlation Filter is an algorithm that trains a linear template to discriminate between images and their translations. It is well suited to object tracking because its formulation in the Fourier domain provides a fast solution, enabling the detector to be re-trained once per frame. Previous works that use the Corr...
computer science
8,555
Multimodal MRI brain tumor segmentation using random forests with features learned from fully convolutional neural network
cs.CV
In this paper, we propose a novel learning based method for automated segmenta-tion of brain tumor in multimodal MRI images. The machine learned features from fully convolutional neural network (FCN) and hand-designed texton fea-tures are used to classify the MRI image voxels. The score map with pixel-wise predictions ...
computer science
8,556
Risk Stratification of Lung Nodules Using 3D CNN-Based Multi-task Learning
cs.CV
Risk stratification of lung nodules is a task of primary importance in lung cancer diagnosis. Any improvement in robust and accurate nodule characterization can assist in identifying cancer stage, prognosis, and improving treatment planning. In this study, we propose a 3D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based nodule...
computer science
8,557
Deep Multi-view Models for Glitch Classification
cs.LG
Non-cosmic, non-Gaussian disturbances known as "glitches", show up in gravitational-wave data of the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory, or aLIGO. In this paper, we propose a deep multi-view convolutional neural network to classify glitches automatically. The primary purpose of classifying gli...
computer science
8,558
Regularized Residual Quantization: a multi-layer sparse dictionary learning approach
cs.LG
The Residual Quantization (RQ) framework is revisited where the quantization distortion is being successively reduced in multi-layers. Inspired by the reverse-water-filling paradigm in rate-distortion theory, an efficient regularization on the variances of the codewords is introduced which allows to extend the RQ for v...
computer science
8,559
Single image depth estimation by dilated deep residual convolutional neural network and soft-weight-sum inference
cs.CV
This paper proposes a new residual convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture for single image depth estimation. Compared with existing deep CNN based methods, our method achieves much better results with fewer training examples and model parameters. The advantages of our method come from the usage of dilated conv...
computer science
8,560
A Strategy for an Uncompromising Incremental Learner
cs.CV
Multi-class supervised learning systems require the knowledge of the entire range of labels they predict. Often when learnt incrementally, they suffer from catastrophic forgetting. To avoid this, generous leeways have to be made to the philosophy of incremental learning that either forces a part of the machine to not l...
computer science
8,561
Generative Convolutional Networks for Latent Fingerprint Reconstruction
cs.CV
Performance of fingerprint recognition depends heavily on the extraction of minutiae points. Enhancement of the fingerprint ridge pattern is thus an essential pre-processing step that noticeably reduces false positive and negative detection rates. A particularly challenging setting is when the fingerprint images are co...
computer science
8,562
Deep Descriptor Transforming for Image Co-Localization
cs.CV
Reusable model design becomes desirable with the rapid expansion of machine learning applications. In this paper, we focus on the reusability of pre-trained deep convolutional models. Specifically, different from treating pre-trained models as feature extractors, we reveal more treasures beneath convolutional layers, i...
computer science
8,563
Collaborative Descriptors: Convolutional Maps for Preprocessing
cs.CV
The paper presents a novel concept for collaborative descriptors between deeply learned and hand-crafted features. To achieve this concept, we apply convolutional maps for pre-processing, namely the convovlutional maps are used as input of hand-crafted features. We recorded an increase in the performance rate of +17.06...
computer science
8,564
Incremental Learning Through Deep Adaptation
cs.CV
Given an existing trained neural network, it is often desirable to learn new capabilities without hindering performance of those already learned. Existing approaches either learn sub-optimal solutions, require joint training, or incur a substantial increment in the number of parameters for each added domain, typically ...
computer science
8,565
Learning Image Relations with Contrast Association Networks
cs.CV
Inferring the relations between two images is an important class of tasks in computer vision. Examples of such tasks include computing optical flow and stereo disparity. We treat the relation inference tasks as a machine learning problem and tackle it with neural networks. A key to the problem is learning a representat...
computer science
8,566
One Shot Joint Colocalization and Cosegmentation
cs.CV
This paper presents a novel framework in which image cosegmentation and colocalization are cast into a single optimization problem that integrates information from low level appearance cues with that of high level localization cues in a very weakly supervised manner. In contrast to multi-task learning paradigm that lea...
computer science
8,567
What do We Learn by Semantic Scene Understanding for Remote Sensing imagery in CNN framework?
cs.CV
Recently, deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) achieved increasingly remarkable success and rapidly developed in the field of natural image recognition. Compared with the natural image, the scale of remote sensing image is larger and the scene and the object it represents are more macroscopic. This study inquires w...
computer science
8,568
Multi-Stage Variational Auto-Encoders for Coarse-to-Fine Image Generation
cs.CV
Variational auto-encoder (VAE) is a powerful unsupervised learning framework for image generation. One drawback of VAE is that it generates blurry images due to its Gaussianity assumption and thus L2 loss. To allow the generation of high quality images by VAE, we increase the capacity of decoder network by employing re...
computer science
8,569
PixColor: Pixel Recursive Colorization
cs.CV
We propose a novel approach to automatically produce multiple colorized versions of a grayscale image. Our method results from the observation that the task of automated colorization is relatively easy given a low-resolution version of the color image. We first train a conditional PixelCNN to generate a low resolution ...
computer science
8,570
CrossNets : A New Approach to Complex Learning
cs.CV
We propose a novel neural network structure called CrossNets, which considers architectures on directed acyclic graphs. This structure builds on previous generalizations of feed forward models, such as ResNets, by allowing for all forward cross connections between layers (both adjacent and non-adjacent). The addition o...
computer science
8,571
Shake-Shake regularization
cs.LG
The method introduced in this paper aims at helping deep learning practitioners faced with an overfit problem. The idea is to replace, in a multi-branch network, the standard summation of parallel branches with a stochastic affine combination. Applied to 3-branch residual networks, shake-shake regularization improves o...
computer science
8,572
Quo Vadis, Action Recognition? A New Model and the Kinetics Dataset
cs.CV
The paucity of videos in current action classification datasets (UCF-101 and HMDB-51) has made it difficult to identify good video architectures, as most methods obtain similar performance on existing small-scale benchmarks. This paper re-evaluates state-of-the-art architectures in light of the new Kinetics Human Actio...
computer science
8,573
Stabilizing GAN Training with Multiple Random Projections
cs.LG
Training generative adversarial networks is unstable in high-dimensions when the true data distribution lies on a lower-dimensional manifold. The discriminator is then easily able to separate nearly all generated samples leaving the generator without meaningful gradients. We propose training a single generator simultan...
computer science
8,574
Look, Listen and Learn
cs.CV
We consider the question: what can be learnt by looking at and listening to a large number of unlabelled videos? There is a valuable, but so far untapped, source of information contained in the video itself -- the correspondence between the visual and the audio streams, and we introduce a novel "Audio-Visual Correspond...
computer science
8,575
Stochastic Sequential Neural Networks with Structured Inference
cs.LG
Unsupervised structure learning in high-dimensional time series data has attracted a lot of research interests. For example, segmenting and labelling high dimensional time series can be helpful in behavior understanding and medical diagnosis. Recent advances in generative sequential modeling have suggested to combine r...
computer science
8,576
Classification of Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence Images Using Convolutional Neural Network
cs.CV
Images are an important data source for diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases. The manual classification of images may lead to misdiagnosis or mistreatment due to subjective errors. In this paper an image classification model based on Convolutional Neural Network is applied to Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence...
computer science
8,577
Learning Robust Features with Incremental Auto-Encoders
cs.LG
Automatically learning features, especially robust features, has attracted much attention in the machine learning community. In this paper, we propose a new method to learn non-linear robust features by taking advantage of the data manifold structure. We first follow the commonly used trick of the trade, that is learni...
computer science
8,578
A Multi-strength Adversarial Training Method to Mitigate Adversarial Attacks
cs.LG
Some recent works revealed that deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to so-called adversarial attacks where input examples are intentionally perturbed to fool DNNs. In this work, we revisit the DNN training process that includes adversarial examples into the training dataset so as to improve DNN's resilience to a...
computer science
8,579
Global hard thresholding algorithms for joint sparse image representation and denoising
cs.CV
Sparse coding of images is traditionally done by cutting them into small patches and representing each patch individually over some dictionary given a pre-determined number of nonzero coefficients to use for each patch. In lack of a way to effectively distribute a total number (or global budget) of nonzero coefficients...
computer science
8,580
Multi-Focus Image Fusion Via Coupled Sparse Representation and Dictionary Learning
cs.CV
We address the multi-focus image fusion problem, where multiple images captured with different focal settings are to be fused into an all-in-focus image of higher quality. Algorithms for this problem necessarily admit the source image characteristics along with focused and blurred feature. However, most sparsity-based ...
computer science
8,581
Personalized Pancreatic Tumor Growth Prediction via Group Learning
cs.CV
Tumor growth prediction, a highly challenging task, has long been viewed as a mathematical modeling problem, where the tumor growth pattern is personalized based on imaging and clinical data of a target patient. Though mathematical models yield promising results, their prediction accuracy may be limited by the absence ...
computer science
8,582
Convolutional Neural Networks for Medical Image Analysis: Full Training or Fine Tuning?
cs.CV
Training a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) from scratch is difficult because it requires a large amount of labeled training data and a great deal of expertise to ensure proper convergence. A promising alternative is to fine-tune a CNN that has been pre-trained using, for instance, a large set of labeled natural...
computer science
8,583
Automating Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Video Interpretation with Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.CV
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality yet largely preventable, but the key to prevention is to identify at-risk individuals before adverse events. For predicting individual CVD risk, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), a noninvasive ultrasound method, has proven to be valuable, offering seve...
computer science
8,584
IDK Cascades: Fast Deep Learning by Learning not to Overthink
cs.CV
Advances in deep learning have led to substantial increases in prediction accuracy but have been accompanied by increases in the cost of rendering predictions. We conjecture that for a majority of real-world inputs, the recent advances in deep learning have created models that effectively "over-think" on simple inputs....
computer science
8,585
Learning by Association - A versatile semi-supervised training method for neural networks
cs.CV
In many real-world scenarios, labeled data for a specific machine learning task is costly to obtain. Semi-supervised training methods make use of abundantly available unlabeled data and a smaller number of labeled examples. We propose a new framework for semi-supervised training of deep neural networks inspired by lear...
computer science
8,586
Progressive Boosting for Class Imbalance
cs.LG
Pattern recognition applications often suffer from skewed data distributions between classes, which may vary during operations w.r.t. the design data. Two-class classification systems designed using skewed data tend to recognize the majority class better than the minority class of interest. Several data-level technique...
computer science
8,587
Learning to Extract Semantic Structure from Documents Using Multimodal Fully Convolutional Neural Network
cs.CV
We present an end-to-end, multimodal, fully convolutional network for extracting semantic structures from document images. We consider document semantic structure extraction as a pixel-wise segmentation task, and propose a unified model that classifies pixels based not only on their visual appearance, as in the traditi...
computer science
8,588
Image Matching via Loopy RNN
cs.LG
Most existing matching algorithms are one-off algorithms, i.e., they usually measure the distance between the two image feature representation vectors for only one time. In contrast, human's vision system achieves this task, i.e., image matching, by recursively looking at specific/related parts of both images and then ...
computer science
8,589
Enriched Deep Recurrent Visual Attention Model for Multiple Object Recognition
cs.CV
We design an Enriched Deep Recurrent Visual Attention Model (EDRAM) - an improved attention-based architecture for multiple object recognition. The proposed model is a fully differentiable unit that can be optimized end-to-end by using Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD). The Spatial Transformer (ST) was employed as visu...
computer science
8,590
Channel-Recurrent Autoencoding for Image Modeling
cs.LG
Despite recent successes in synthesizing faces and bedrooms, existing generative models struggle to capture more complex image types, potentially due to the oversimplification of their latent space constructions. To tackle this issue, building on Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), we integrate recurrent connections acros...
computer science
8,591
SEP-Nets: Small and Effective Pattern Networks
cs.CV
While going deeper has been witnessed to improve the performance of convolutional neural networks (CNN), going smaller for CNN has received increasing attention recently due to its attractiveness for mobile/embedded applications. It remains an active and important topic how to design a small network while retaining the...
computer science
8,592
Teaching Compositionality to CNNs
cs.CV
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown great success in computer vision, approaching human-level performance when trained for specific tasks via application-specific loss functions. In this paper, we propose a method for augmenting and training CNNs so that their learned features are compositional. It encourag...
computer science
8,593
Effective Sequential Classifier Training for SVM-based Multitemporal Remote Sensing Image Classification
cs.CV
The explosive availability of remote sensing images has challenged supervised classification algorithms such as Support Vector Machines (SVM), as training samples tend to be highly limited due to the expensive and laborious task of ground truthing. The temporal correlation and spectral similarity between multitemporal ...
computer science
8,594
Human-like Clustering with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.LG
Classification and clustering have been studied separately in machine learning and computer vision. Inspired by the recent success of deep learning models in solving various vision problems (e.g., object recognition, semantic segmentation) and the fact that humans serve as the gold standard in assessing clustering algo...
computer science
8,595
MEC: Memory-efficient Convolution for Deep Neural Network
cs.LG
Convolution is a critical component in modern deep neural networks, thus several algorithms for convolution have been developed. Direct convolution is simple but suffers from poor performance. As an alternative, multiple indirect methods have been proposed including im2col-based convolution, FFT-based convolution, or W...
computer science
8,596
Learning Efficient Point Cloud Generation for Dense 3D Object Reconstruction
cs.CV
Conventional methods of 3D object generative modeling learn volumetric predictions using deep networks with 3D convolutional operations, which are direct analogies to classical 2D ones. However, these methods are computationally wasteful in attempt to predict 3D shapes, where information is rich only on the surfaces. I...
computer science
8,597
Balanced Quantization: An Effective and Efficient Approach to Quantized Neural Networks
cs.CV
Quantized Neural Networks (QNNs), which use low bitwidth numbers for representing parameters and performing computations, have been proposed to reduce the computation complexity, storage size and memory usage. In QNNs, parameters and activations are uniformly quantized, such that the multiplications and additions can b...
computer science
8,598
Pixels to Graphs by Associative Embedding
cs.CV
Graphs are a useful abstraction of image content. Not only can graphs represent details about individual objects in a scene but they can capture the interactions between pairs of objects. We present a method for training a convolutional neural network such that it takes in an input image and produces a full graph. This...
computer science
8,599
Multi-Label Learning with Label Enhancement
cs.LG
Multi-label learning deals with training instances associated with multiple labels. Many common multi-label algorithms are to treat each label in a crisp manner, being either relevant or irrelevant to an instance, and such label can be called logical label. In contrast, we assume that there is a vector of numerical lab...
computer science