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Quantum and Concept Combination, Entangled Measurements and Prototype Theory
cs.AI
We analyze the meaning of the violation of the marginal probability law for situations of correlation measurements where entanglement is identified. We show that for quantum theory applied to the cognitive realm such a violation does not lead to the type of problems commonly believed to occur in situations of quantum t...
computer science
8,801
A Feature-based Classification Technique for Answering Multi-choice World History Questions
cs.IR
Our FRDC_QA team participated in the QA-Lab English subtask of the NTCIR-11. In this paper, we describe our system for solving real-world university entrance exam questions, which are related to world history. Wikipedia is used as the main external resource for our system. Since problems with choosing right/wrong sente...
computer science
8,802
A Frobenius Model of Information Structure in Categorical Compositional Distributional Semantics
cs.CL
The categorical compositional distributional model of Coecke, Sadrzadeh and Clark provides a linguistically motivated procedure for computing the meaning of a sentence as a function of the distributional meaning of the words therein. The theoretical framework allows for reasoning about compositional aspects of language...
computer science
8,803
StalemateBreaker: A Proactive Content-Introducing Approach to Automatic Human-Computer Conversation
cs.CL
Existing open-domain human-computer conversation systems are typically passive: they either synthesize or retrieve a reply provided a human-issued utterance. It is generally presumed that humans should take the role to lead the conversation and introduce new content when a stalemate occurs, and that the computer only n...
computer science
8,804
Exploiting Deep Semantics and Compositionality of Natural Language for Human-Robot-Interaction
cs.AI
We develop a natural language interface for human robot interaction that implements reasoning about deep semantics in natural language. To realize the required deep analysis, we employ methods from cognitive linguistics, namely the modular and compositional framework of Embodied Construction Grammar (ECG) [Feldman, 200...
computer science
8,805
Concepts and Their Dynamics: A Quantum-Theoretic Modeling of Human Thought
cs.AI
We analyze different aspects of our quantum modeling approach of human concepts, and more specifically focus on the quantum effects of contextuality, interference, entanglement and emergence, illustrating how each of them makes its appearance in specific situations of the dynamics of human concepts and their combinatio...
computer science
8,806
Quantum Entanglement in Concept Combinations
cs.AI
Research in the application of quantum structures to cognitive science confirms that these structures quite systematically appear in the dynamics of concepts and their combinations and quantum-based models faithfully represent experimental data of situations where classical approaches are problematical. In this paper, ...
computer science
8,807
Enhancing QA Systems with Complex Temporal Question Processing Capabilities
cs.CL
This paper presents a multilayered architecture that enhances the capabilities of current QA systems and allows different types of complex questions or queries to be processed. The answers to these questions need to be gathered from factual information scattered throughout different documents. Specifically, we designed...
computer science
8,808
Compositional Operators in Distributional Semantics
cs.CL
This survey presents in some detail the main advances that have been recently taking place in Computational Linguistics towards the unification of the two prominent semantic paradigms: the compositional formal semantics view and the distributional models of meaning based on vector spaces. After an introduction to these...
computer science
8,809
Reasoning about Meaning in Natural Language with Compact Closed Categories and Frobenius Algebras
cs.CL
Compact closed categories have found applications in modeling quantum information protocols by Abramsky-Coecke. They also provide semantics for Lambek's pregroup algebras, applied to formalizing the grammatical structure of natural language, and are implicit in a distributional model of word meaning based on vector spa...
computer science
8,810
Learning to Predict from Textual Data
cs.CL
Given a current news event, we tackle the problem of generating plausible predictions of future events it might cause. We present a new methodology for modeling and predicting such future news events using machine learning and data mining techniques. Our Pundit algorithm generalizes examples of causality pairs to infer...
computer science
8,811
Representing, reasoning and answering questions about biological pathways - various applications
cs.AI
Biological organisms are composed of numerous interconnected biochemical processes. Diseases occur when normal functionality of these processes is disrupted. Thus, understanding these biochemical processes and their interrelationships is a primary task in biomedical research and a prerequisite for diagnosing diseases, ...
computer science
8,812
Kaggle LSHTC4 Winning Solution
cs.AI
Our winning submission to the 2014 Kaggle competition for Large Scale Hierarchical Text Classification (LSHTC) consists mostly of an ensemble of sparse generative models extending Multinomial Naive Bayes. The base-classifiers consist of hierarchically smoothed models combining document, label, and hierarchy level Multi...
computer science
8,813
A Study of Entanglement in a Categorical Framework of Natural Language
cs.CL
In both quantum mechanics and corpus linguistics based on vector spaces, the notion of entanglement provides a means for the various subsystems to communicate with each other. In this paper we examine a number of implementations of the categorical framework of Coecke, Sadrzadeh and Clark (2010) for natural language, fr...
computer science
8,814
On Detecting Messaging Abuse in Short Text Messages using Linguistic and Behavioral patterns
cs.CL
The use of short text messages in social media and instant messaging has become a popular communication channel during the last years. This rising popularity has caused an increment in messaging threats such as spam, phishing or malware as well as other threats. The processing of these short text message threats could ...
computer science
8,815
How essential are unstructured clinical narratives and information fusion to clinical trial recruitment?
cs.CY
Electronic health records capture patient information using structured controlled vocabularies and unstructured narrative text. While structured data typically encodes lab values, encounters and medication lists, unstructured data captures the physician's interpretation of the patient's condition, prognosis, and respon...
computer science
8,816
Using Latent Semantic Analysis to Identify Quality in Use (QU) Indicators from User Reviews
cs.CL
The paper describes a novel approach to categorize users' reviews according to the three Quality in Use (QU) indicators defined in ISO: effectiveness, efficiency and freedom from risk. With the tremendous amount of reviews published each day, there is a need to automatically summarize user reviews to inform us if any o...
computer science
8,817
Bootstrapping incremental dialogue systems: using linguistic knowledge to learn from minimal data
cs.CL
We present a method for inducing new dialogue systems from very small amounts of unannotated dialogue data, showing how word-level exploration using Reinforcement Learning (RL), combined with an incremental and semantic grammar - Dynamic Syntax (DS) - allows systems to discover, generate, and understand many new dialog...
computer science
8,818
Using Discourse Signals for Robust Instructor Intervention Prediction
cs.AI
We tackle the prediction of instructor intervention in student posts from discussion forums in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). Our key finding is that using automatically obtained discourse relations improves the prediction of when instructors intervene in student discussions, when compared with a state-of-the-art...
computer science
8,819
Flu Detector: Estimating influenza-like illness rates from online user-generated content
cs.AI
We provide a brief technical description of an online platform for disease monitoring, titled as the Flu Detector (fludetector.cs.ucl.ac.uk). Flu Detector, in its current version (v.0.5), uses either Twitter or Google search data in conjunction with statistical Natural Language Processing models to estimate the rate of...
computer science
8,820
Web-based Semantic Similarity for Emotion Recognition in Web Objects
cs.CL
In this project we propose a new approach for emotion recognition using web-based similarity (e.g. confidence, PMI and PMING). We aim to extract basic emotions from short sentences with emotional content (e.g. news titles, tweets, captions), performing a web-based quantitative evaluation of semantic proximity between e...
computer science
8,821
Can a Computer Laugh ?
cs.CL
A computer model of "a sense of humour" suggested previously [arXiv:0711.2058,0711.2061], relating the humorous effect with a specific malfunction in information processing, is given in somewhat different exposition. Psychological aspects of humour are elaborated more thoroughly. The mechanism of laughter is formulated...
computer science
8,822
How to realize "a sense of humour" in computers ?
cs.CL
Computer model of a "sense of humour" suggested previously [arXiv:0711.2058, 0711.2061, 0711.2270] is raised to the level of a realistic algorithm.
computer science
8,823
A Logic-based Approach for Recognizing Textual Entailment Supported by Ontological Background Knowledge
cs.CL
We present the architecture and the evaluation of a new system for recognizing textual entailment (RTE). In RTE we want to identify automatically the type of a logical relation between two input texts. In particular, we are interested in proving the existence of an entailment between them. We conceive our system as a m...
computer science
8,824
Autodetection and Classification of Hidden Cultural City Districts from Yelp Reviews
cs.CL
Topic models are a way to discover underlying themes in an otherwise unstructured collection of documents. In this study, we specifically used the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model on a dataset of Yelp reviews to classify restaurants based off of their reviews. Furthermore, we hypothesize that within a city...
computer science
8,825
A New Efficient Method for Calculating Similarity Between Web Services
cs.AI
Web services allow communication between heterogeneous systems in a distributed environment. Their enormous success and their increased use led to the fact that thousands of Web services are present on the Internet. This significant number of Web services which not cease to increase has led to problems of the difficult...
computer science
8,826
Exploring Lexical, Syntactic, and Semantic Features for Chinese Textual Entailment in NTCIR RITE Evaluation Tasks
cs.CL
We computed linguistic information at the lexical, syntactic, and semantic levels for Recognizing Inference in Text (RITE) tasks for both traditional and simplified Chinese in NTCIR-9 and NTCIR-10. Techniques for syntactic parsing, named-entity recognition, and near synonym recognition were employed, and features like ...
computer science
8,827
Automated Analysis and Prediction of Job Interview Performance
cs.HC
We present a computational framework for automatically quantifying verbal and nonverbal behaviors in the context of job interviews. The proposed framework is trained by analyzing the videos of 138 interview sessions with 69 internship-seeking undergraduates at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Our automa...
computer science
8,828
Gradual Classical Logic for Attributed Objects - Extended in Re-Presentation
cs.AI
Our understanding about things is conceptual. By stating that we reason about objects, it is in fact not the objects but concepts referring to them that we manipulate. Now, so long just as we acknowledge infinitely extending notions such as space, time, size, colour, etc, - in short, any reasonable quality - into which...
computer science
8,829
Concept Extraction to Identify Adverse Drug Reactions in Medical Forums: A Comparison of Algorithms
cs.AI
Social media is becoming an increasingly important source of information to complement traditional pharmacovigilance methods. In order to identify signals of potential adverse drug reactions, it is necessary to first identify medical concepts in the social media text. Most of the existing studies use dictionary-based m...
computer science
8,830
Summarization of Films and Documentaries Based on Subtitles and Scripts
cs.CL
We assess the performance of generic text summarization algorithms applied to films and documentaries, using the well-known behavior of summarization of news articles as reference. We use three datasets: (i) news articles, (ii) film scripts and subtitles, and (iii) documentary subtitles. Standard ROUGE metrics are used...
computer science
8,831
Emotion Analysis of Songs Based on Lyrical and Audio Features
cs.CL
In this paper, a method is proposed to detect the emotion of a song based on its lyrical and audio features. Lyrical features are generated by segmentation of lyrics during the process of data extraction. ANEW and WordNet knowledge is then incorporated to compute Valence and Arousal values. In addition to this, linguis...
computer science
8,832
Extreme Extraction: Only One Hour per Relation
cs.CL
Information Extraction (IE) aims to automatically generate a large knowledge base from natural language text, but progress remains slow. Supervised learning requires copious human annotation, while unsupervised and weakly supervised approaches do not deliver competitive accuracy. As a result, most fielded applications ...
computer science
8,833
Leverage Financial News to Predict Stock Price Movements Using Word Embeddings and Deep Neural Networks
cs.CE
Financial news contains useful information on public companies and the market. In this paper we apply the popular word embedding methods and deep neural networks to leverage financial news to predict stock price movements in the market. Experimental results have shown that our proposed methods are simple but very effec...
computer science
8,834
Generating Navigable Semantic Maps from Social Sciences Corpora
cs.CL
It is now commonplace to observe that we are facing a deluge of online information. Researchers have of course long acknowledged the potential value of this information since digital traces make it possible to directly observe, describe and analyze social facts, and above all the co-evolution of ideas and communities o...
computer science
8,835
Replication and Generalization of PRECISE
cs.CL
This report describes an initial replication study of the PRECISE system and develops a clearer, more formal description of the approach. Based on our evaluation, we conclude that the PRECISE results do not fully replicate. However the formalization developed here suggests a road map to further enhance and extend the a...
computer science
8,836
Using Linguistic Analysis to Translate Arabic Natural Language Queries to SPARQL
cs.CL
The logic-based machine-understandable framework of the Semantic Web often challenges naive users when they try to query ontology-based knowledge bases. Existing research efforts have approached this problem by introducing Natural Language (NL) interfaces to ontologies. These NL interfaces have the ability to construct...
computer science
8,837
Generation of Multimedia Artifacts: An Extractive Summarization-based Approach
cs.AI
We explore methods for content selection and address the issue of coherence in the context of the generation of multimedia artifacts. We use audio and video to present two case studies: generation of film tributes, and lecture-driven science talks. For content selection, we use centrality-based and diversity-based summ...
computer science
8,838
A Compositional Explanation of the Pet Fish Phenomenon
cs.AI
The `pet fish' phenomenon is often cited as a paradigm example of the `non-compositionality' of human concept use. We show here how this phenomenon is naturally accommodated within a compositional distributional model of meaning. This model describes the meaning of a composite concept by accounting for interaction betw...
computer science
8,839
Tuned and GPU-accelerated parallel data mining from comparable corpora
cs.CL
The multilingual nature of the world makes translation a crucial requirement today. Parallel dictionaries constructed by humans are a widely-available resource, but they are limited and do not provide enough coverage for good quality translation purposes, due to out-of-vocabulary words and neologisms. This motivates th...
computer science
8,840
Normalization of Relative and Incomplete Temporal Expressions in Clinical Narratives
cs.CL
We analyze the RI-TIMEXes in temporally annotated corpora and propose two hypotheses regarding the normalization of RI-TIMEXes in the clinical narrative domain: the anchor point hypothesis and the anchor relation hypothesis. We annotate the RI-TIMEXes in three corpora to study the characteristics of RI-TMEXes in differ...
computer science
8,841
Information retrieval in folktales using natural language processing
cs.CL
Our aim is to extract information about literary characters in unstructured texts. We employ natural language processing and reasoning on domain ontologies. The first task is to identify the main characters and the parts of the story where these characters are described or act. We illustrate the system in a scenario in...
computer science
8,842
Overcoming Language Variation in Sentiment Analysis with Social Attention
cs.CL
Variation in language is ubiquitous, particularly in newer forms of writing such as social media. Fortunately, variation is not random, it is often linked to social properties of the author. In this paper, we show how to exploit social networks to make sentiment analysis more robust to social language variation. The ke...
computer science
8,843
Semantic Folding Theory And its Application in Semantic Fingerprinting
cs.AI
Human language is recognized as a very complex domain since decades. No computer system has been able to reach human levels of performance so far. The only known computational system capable of proper language processing is the human brain. While we gather more and more data about the brain, its fundamental computation...
computer science
8,844
Inferring Interpersonal Relations in Narrative Summaries
cs.CL
Characterizing relationships between people is fundamental for the understanding of narratives. In this work, we address the problem of inferring the polarity of relationships between people in narrative summaries. We formulate the problem as a joint structured prediction for each narrative, and present a model that co...
computer science
8,845
Sentence Entailment in Compositional Distributional Semantics
cs.CL
Distributional semantic models provide vector representations for words by gathering co-occurrence frequencies from corpora of text. Compositional distributional models extend these representations from words to phrases and sentences. In categorical compositional distributional semantics these representations are built...
computer science
8,846
Evaluating the Performance of a Speech Recognition based System
cs.CL
Speech based solutions have taken center stage with growth in the services industry where there is a need to cater to a very large number of people from all strata of the society. While natural language speech interfaces are the talk in the research community, yet in practice, menu based speech solutions thrive. Typica...
computer science
8,847
GeoTextTagger: High-Precision Location Tagging of Textual Documents using a Natural Language Processing Approach
cs.AI
Location tagging, also known as geotagging or geolocation, is the process of assigning geographical coordinates to input data. In this paper we present an algorithm for location tagging of textual documents. Our approach makes use of previous work in natural language processing by using a state-of-the-art part-of-speec...
computer science
8,848
Concept Generation in Language Evolution
cs.AI
This thesis investigates the generation of new concepts from combinations of existing concepts as a language evolves. We give a method for combining concepts, and will be investigating the utility of composite concepts in language evolution and thence the utility of concept generation.
computer science
8,849
The Utility of Hedged Assertions in the Emergence of Shared Categorical Labels
cs.AI
We investigate the emergence of shared concepts in a community of language users using a multi-agent simulation. We extend results showing that negated assertions are of use in developing shared categories, to include assertions modified by linguistic hedges. Results show that using hedged assertions positively affects...
computer science
8,850
Emerging Dimension Weights in a Conceptual Spaces Model of Concept Combination
cs.AI
We investigate the generation of new concepts from combinations of properties as an artificial language develops. To do so, we have developed a new framework for conjunctive concept combination. This framework gives a semantic grounding to the weighted sum approach to concept combination seen in the literature. We impl...
computer science
8,851
Spatial Concept Acquisition for a Mobile Robot that Integrates Self-Localization and Unsupervised Word Discovery from Spoken Sentences
cs.AI
In this paper, we propose a novel unsupervised learning method for the lexical acquisition of words related to places visited by robots, from human continuous speech signals. We address the problem of learning novel words by a robot that has no prior knowledge of these words except for a primitive acoustic model. Furth...
computer science
8,852
A Generalised Quantifier Theory of Natural Language in Categorical Compositional Distributional Semantics with Bialgebras
cs.CL
Categorical compositional distributional semantics is a model of natural language; it combines the statistical vector space models of words with the compositional models of grammar. We formalise in this model the generalised quantifier theory of natural language, due to Barwise and Cooper. The underlying setting is a c...
computer science
8,853
Scalable Text Mining with Sparse Generative Models
cs.IR
The information age has brought a deluge of data. Much of this is in text form, insurmountable in scope for humans and incomprehensible in structure for computers. Text mining is an expanding field of research that seeks to utilize the information contained in vast document collections. General data mining methods base...
computer science
8,854
Identifying Structures in Social Conversations in NSCLC Patients through the Semi-Automatic extraction of Topical Taxonomies
cs.IR
The exploration of social conversations for addressing patient's needs is an important analytical task in which many scholarly publications are contributing to fill the knowledge gap in this area. The main difficulty remains the inability to turn such contributions into pragmatic processes the pharmaceutical industry c...
computer science
8,855
A System for Probabilistic Linking of Thesauri and Classification Systems
cs.AI
This paper presents a system which creates and visualizes probabilistic semantic links between concepts in a thesaurus and classes in a classification system. For creating the links, we build on the Polylingual Labeled Topic Model (PLL-TM). PLL-TM identifies probable thesaurus descriptors for each class in the classifi...
computer science
8,856
An Improved System for Sentence-level Novelty Detection in Textual Streams
cs.IR
Novelty detection in news events has long been a difficult problem. A number of models performed well on specific data streams but certain issues are far from being solved, particularly in large data streams from the WWW where unpredictability of new terms requires adaptation in the vector space model. We present a nov...
computer science
8,857
Machine Learning Techniques with Ontology for Subjective Answer Evaluation
cs.AI
Computerized Evaluation of English Essays is performed using Machine learning techniques like Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA), Generalized LSA, Bilingual Evaluation Understudy and Maximum Entropy. Ontology, a concept map of domain knowledge, can enhance the performance of these techniques. Use of Ontology makes the eval...
computer science
8,858
Towards Empathetic Human-Robot Interactions
cs.CL
Since the late 1990s when speech companies began providing their customer-service software in the market, people have gotten used to speaking to machines. As people interact more often with voice and gesture controlled machines, they expect the machines to recognize different emotions, and understand other high level c...
computer science
8,859
Natural Language Semantics and Computability
cs.CL
This paper is a reflexion on the computability of natural language semantics. It does not contain a new model or new results in the formal semantics of natural language: it is rather a computational analysis of the logical models and algorithms currently used in natural language semantics, defined as the mapping of a s...
computer science
8,860
Digital Stylometry: Linking Profiles Across Social Networks
cs.SI
There is an ever growing number of users with accounts on multiple social media and networking sites. Consequently, there is increasing interest in matching user accounts and profiles across different social networks in order to create aggregate profiles of users. In this paper, we present models for Digital Stylometry...
computer science
8,861
Enhanced Twitter Sentiment Classification Using Contextual Information
cs.SI
The rise in popularity and ubiquity of Twitter has made sentiment analysis of tweets an important and well-covered area of research. However, the 140 character limit imposed on tweets makes it hard to use standard linguistic methods for sentiment classification. On the other hand, what tweets lack in structure they mak...
computer science
8,862
Dimension Projection among Languages based on Pseudo-relevant Documents for Query Translation
cs.IR
Using top-ranked documents in response to a query has been shown to be an effective approach to improve the quality of query translation in dictionary-based cross-language information retrieval. In this paper, we propose a new method for dictionary-based query translation based on dimension projection of embedded vecto...
computer science
8,863
Automatic Extraction of Causal Relations from Natural Language Texts: A Comprehensive Survey
cs.AI
Automatic extraction of cause-effect relationships from natural language texts is a challenging open problem in Artificial Intelligence. Most of the early attempts at its solution used manually constructed linguistic and syntactic rules on small and domain-specific data sets. However, with the advent of big data, the a...
computer science
8,864
Determining the Characteristic Vocabulary for a Specialized Dictionary using Word2vec and a Directed Crawler
cs.CL
Specialized dictionaries are used to understand concepts in specific domains, especially where those concepts are not part of the general vocabulary, or having meanings that differ from ordinary languages. The first step in creating a specialized dictionary involves detecting the characteristic vocabulary of the domain...
computer science
8,865
Coordination in Categorical Compositional Distributional Semantics
cs.CL
An open problem with categorical compositional distributional semantics is the representation of words that are considered semantically vacuous from a distributional perspective, such as determiners, prepositions, relative pronouns or coordinators. This paper deals with the topic of coordination between identical synta...
computer science
8,866
WordNet2Vec: Corpora Agnostic Word Vectorization Method
cs.CL
A complex nature of big data resources demands new methods for structuring especially for textual content. WordNet is a good knowledge source for comprehensive abstraction of natural language as its good implementations exist for many languages. Since WordNet embeds natural language in the form of a complex network, a ...
computer science
8,867
Product Classification in E-Commerce using Distributional Semantics
cs.AI
Product classification is the task of automatically predicting a taxonomy path for a product in a predefined taxonomy hierarchy given a textual product description or title. For efficient product classification we require a suitable representation for a document (the textual description of a product) feature vector and...
computer science
8,868
Emulating Human Conversations using Convolutional Neural Network-based IR
cs.AI
Conversational agents ("bots") are beginning to be widely used in conversational interfaces. To design a system that is capable of emulating human-like interactions, a conversational layer that can serve as a fabric for chat-like interaction with the agent is needed. In this paper, we introduce a model that employs Inf...
computer science
8,869
Automated Extraction of Number of Subjects in Randomised Controlled Trials
cs.AI
We present a simple approach for automatically extracting the number of subjects involved in randomised controlled trials (RCT). Our approach first applies a set of rule-based techniques to extract candidate study sizes from the abstracts of the articles. Supervised classification is then performed over the candidates ...
computer science
8,870
Enriching Linked Datasets with New Object Properties
cs.DB
Although several RDF knowledge bases are available through the LOD initiative, the ontology schema of such linked datasets is not very rich. In particular, they lack object properties. The problem of finding new object properties (and their instances) between any two given classes has not been investigated in detail in...
computer science
8,871
A Game-Theoretic Approach to Word Sense Disambiguation
cs.AI
This paper presents a new model for word sense disambiguation formulated in terms of evolutionary game theory, where each word to be disambiguated is represented as a node on a graph whose edges represent word relations and senses are represented as classes. The words simultaneously update their class membership prefer...
computer science
8,872
Scalable Semantic Matching of Queries to Ads in Sponsored Search Advertising
cs.IR
Sponsored search represents a major source of revenue for web search engines. This popular advertising model brings a unique possibility for advertisers to target users' immediate intent communicated through a search query, usually by displaying their ads alongside organic search results for queries deemed relevant to ...
computer science
8,873
Document Clustering Games in Static and Dynamic Scenarios
cs.AI
In this work we propose a game theoretic model for document clustering. Each document to be clustered is represented as a player and each cluster as a strategy. The players receive a reward interacting with other players that they try to maximize choosing their best strategies. The geometry of the data is modeled with ...
computer science
8,874
Analysis of opinionated text for opinion mining
cs.CL
In sentiment analysis, the polarities of the opinions expressed on an object/feature are determined to assess the sentiment of a sentence or document whether it is positive/negative/neutral. Naturally, the object/feature is a noun representation which refers to a product or a component of a product, let us say, the "le...
computer science
8,875
Is spoken language all-or-nothing? Implications for future speech-based human-machine interaction
cs.HC
Recent years have seen significant market penetration for voice-based personal assistants such as Apple's Siri. However, despite this success, user take-up is frustratingly low. This position paper argues that there is a habitability gap caused by the inevitable mismatch between the capabilities and expectations of hum...
computer science
8,876
Novel Word Embedding and Translation-based Language Modeling for Extractive Speech Summarization
cs.CL
Word embedding methods revolve around learning continuous distributed vector representations of words with neural networks, which can capture semantic and/or syntactic cues, and in turn be used to induce similarity measures among words, sentences and documents in context. Celebrated methods can be categorized as predic...
computer science
8,877
Processing Natural Language About Ongoing Actions
cs.AI
Actions may not proceed as planned; they may be interrupted, resumed or overridden. This is a challenge to handle in a natural language understanding system. We describe extensions to an existing implementation for the control of autonomous systems by natural language, to enable such systems to handle incoming language...
computer science
8,878
OntoCat: Automatically categorizing knowledge in API Documentation
cs.SE
Most application development happens in the context of complex APIs; reference documentation for APIs has grown tremendously in variety, complexity, and volume, and can be difficult to navigate. There is a growing need to develop well-organized ways to access the knowledge latent in the documentation; several research ...
computer science
8,879
The DLVHEX System for Knowledge Representation: Recent Advances (System Description)
cs.CL
The DLVHEX system implements the HEX-semantics, which integrates answer set programming (ASP) with arbitrary external sources. Since its first release ten years ago, significant advancements were achieved. Most importantly, the exploitation of properties of external sources led to efficiency improvements and flexibilit...
computer science
8,880
Keyphrase Extraction using Sequential Labeling
cs.CL
Keyphrases efficiently summarize a document's content and are used in various document processing and retrieval tasks. Several unsupervised techniques and classifiers exist for extracting keyphrases from text documents. Most of these methods operate at a phrase-level and rely on part-of-speech (POS) filters for candida...
computer science
8,881
Proceedings of the 2016 Workshop on Semantic Spaces at the Intersection of NLP, Physics and Cognitive Science
cs.CL
This volume contains the Proceedings of the 2016 Workshop on Semantic Spaces at the Intersection of NLP, Physics and Cognitive Science (SLPCS 2016), which was held on the 11th of June at the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, and was co-located with Quantum Physics and Logic (QPL 2016). Exploiting the common ground pr...
computer science
8,882
Interacting Conceptual Spaces
cs.AI
We propose applying the categorical compositional scheme of [6] to conceptual space models of cognition. In order to do this we introduce the category of convex relations as a new setting for categorical compositional semantics, emphasizing the convex structure important to conceptual space applications. We show how co...
computer science
8,883
Quantifier Scope in Categorical Compositional Distributional Semantics
cs.CL
In previous work with J. Hedges, we formalised a generalised quantifiers theory of natural language in categorical compositional distributional semantics with the help of bialgebras. In this paper, we show how quantifier scope ambiguity can be represented in that setting and how this representation can be generalised t...
computer science
8,884
Compositional Distributional Cognition
cs.AI
We accommodate the Integrated Connectionist/Symbolic Architecture (ICS) of [32] within the categorical compositional semantics (CatCo) of [13], forming a model of categorical compositional cognition (CatCog). This resolves intrinsic problems with ICS such as the fact that representations inhabit an unbounded space and ...
computer science
8,885
Determining Health Utilities through Data Mining of Social Media
cs.CL
'Health utilities' measure patient preferences for perfect health compared to specific unhealthy states, such as asthma, a fractured hip, or colon cancer. When integrated over time, these estimations are called quality adjusted life years (QALYs). Until now, characterizing health utilities (HUs) required detailed patie...
computer science
8,886
Towards Music Captioning: Generating Music Playlist Descriptions
cs.MM
Descriptions are often provided along with recommendations to help users' discovery. Recommending automatically generated music playlists (e.g. personalised playlists) introduces the problem of generating descriptions. In this paper, we propose a method for generating music playlist descriptions, which is called as mus...
computer science
8,887
Learning Latent Vector Spaces for Product Search
cs.IR
We introduce a novel latent vector space model that jointly learns the latent representations of words, e-commerce products and a mapping between the two without the need for explicit annotations. The power of the model lies in its ability to directly model the discriminative relation between products and a particular ...
computer science
8,888
What is Wrong with Topic Modeling? (and How to Fix it Using Search-based Software Engineering)
cs.SE
Context: Topic modeling finds human-readable structures in unstructured textual data. A widely used topic modeler is Latent Dirichlet allocation. When run on different datasets, LDA suffers from "order effects" i.e. different topics are generated if the order of training data is shuffled. Such order effects introduce a...
computer science
8,889
The Semantic Knowledge Graph: A compact, auto-generated model for real-time traversal and ranking of any relationship within a domain
cs.IR
This paper describes a new kind of knowledge representation and mining system which we are calling the Semantic Knowledge Graph. At its heart, the Semantic Knowledge Graph leverages an inverted index, along with a complementary uninverted index, to represent nodes (terms) and edges (the documents within intersecting po...
computer science
8,890
Long-Term Trends in the Public Perception of Artificial Intelligence
cs.CL
Analyses of text corpora over time can reveal trends in beliefs, interest, and sentiment about a topic. We focus on views expressed about artificial intelligence (AI) in the New York Times over a 30-year period. General interest, awareness, and discussion about AI has waxed and waned since the field was founded in 1956...
computer science
8,891
Hierarchical Memory Networks for Answer Selection on Unknown Words
cs.IR
Recently, end-to-end memory networks have shown promising results on Question Answering task, which encode the past facts into an explicit memory and perform reasoning ability by making multiple computational steps on the memory. However, memory networks conduct the reasoning on sentence-level memory to output coarse s...
computer science
8,892
Automated Big Text Security Classification
cs.CR
In recent years, traditional cybersecurity safeguards have proven ineffective against insider threats. Famous cases of sensitive information leaks caused by insiders, including the WikiLeaks release of diplomatic cables and the Edward Snowden incident, have greatly harmed the U.S. government's relationship with other g...
computer science
8,893
Introduction: Cognitive Issues in Natural Language Processing
cs.CL
This special issue is dedicated to get a better picture of the relationships between computational linguistics and cognitive science. It specifically raises two questions: "what is the potential contribution of computational language modeling to cognitive science?" and conversely: "what is the influence of cognitive sc...
computer science
8,894
Self-Wiring Question Answering Systems
cs.AI
Question answering (QA) has been the subject of a resurgence over the past years. The said resurgence has led to a multitude of question answering (QA) systems being developed both by companies and research facilities. While a few components of QA systems get reused across implementations, most systems do not leverage ...
computer science
8,895
Neural Networks Models for Entity Discovery and Linking
cs.CL
This paper describes the USTC_NELSLIP systems submitted to the Trilingual Entity Detection and Linking (EDL) track in 2016 TAC Knowledge Base Population (KBP) contests. We have built two systems for entity discovery and mention detection (MD): one uses the conditional RNNLM and the other one uses the attention-based en...
computer science
8,896
PCT and Beyond: Towards a Computational Framework for `Intelligent' Communicative Systems
cs.AI
Recent years have witnessed increasing interest in the potential benefits of `intelligent' autonomous machines such as robots. Honda's Asimo humanoid robot, iRobot's Roomba robot vacuum cleaner and Google's driverless cars have fired the imagination of the general public, and social media buzz with speculation about a ...
computer science
8,897
Generating machine-executable plans from end-user's natural-language instructions
cs.AI
It is critical for advanced manufacturing machines to autonomously execute a task by following an end-user's natural language (NL) instructions. However, NL instructions are usually ambiguous and abstract so that the machines may misunderstand and incorrectly execute the task. To address this NL-based human-machine com...
computer science
8,898
Analyzing Features for the Detection of Happy Endings in German Novels
cs.IR
With regard to a computational representation of literary plot, this paper looks at the use of sentiment analysis for happy ending detection in German novels. Its focus lies on the investigation of previously proposed sentiment features in order to gain insight about the relevance of specific features on the one hand a...
computer science
8,899
Learning Concept Hierarchies through Probabilistic Topic Modeling
cs.AI
With the advent of semantic web, various tools and techniques have been introduced for presenting and organizing knowledge. Concept hierarchies are one such technique which gained significant attention due to its usefulness in creating domain ontologies that are considered as an integral part of semantic web. Automated...
computer science