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9,400
Incorporating Prior Information in Compressive Online Robust Principal Component Analysis
cs.IT
We consider an online version of the robust Principle Component Analysis (PCA), which arises naturally in time-varying source separations such as video foreground-background separation. This paper proposes a compressive online robust PCA with prior information for recursively separating a sequences of frames into spars...
computer science
9,401
Dynamic time warping distance for message propagation classification in Twitter
cs.AI
Social messages classification is a research domain that has attracted the attention of many researchers in these last years. Indeed, the social message is different from ordinary text because it has some special characteristics like its shortness. Then the development of new approaches for the processing of the social...
computer science
9,402
The Causal Frame Problem: An Algorithmic Perspective
cs.AI
The Frame Problem (FP) is a puzzle in philosophy of mind and epistemology, articulated by the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy as follows: "How do we account for our apparent ability to make decisions on the basis only of what is relevant to an ongoing situation without having explicitly to consider all that is not ...
computer science
9,403
Entropic Causality and Greedy Minimum Entropy Coupling
cs.IT
We study the problem of identifying the causal relationship between two discrete random variables from observational data. We recently proposed a novel framework called entropic causality that works in a very general functional model but makes the assumption that the unobserved exogenous variable has small entropy in t...
computer science
9,404
A Study of FOSS'2013 Survey Data Using Clustering Techniques
cs.AI
FOSS is an acronym for Free and Open Source Software. The FOSS 2013 survey primarily targets FOSS contributors and relevant anonymized dataset is publicly available under CC by SA license. In this study, the dataset is analyzed from a critical perspective using statistical and clustering techniques (especially multiple...
computer science
9,405
Learning what matters - Sampling interesting patterns
stat.ML
In the field of exploratory data mining, local structure in data can be described by patterns and discovered by mining algorithms. Although many solutions have been proposed to address the redundancy problems in pattern mining, most of them either provide succinct pattern sets or take the interests of the user into acc...
computer science
9,406
Direct Estimation of Information Divergence Using Nearest Neighbor Ratios
cs.IT
We propose a direct estimation method for R\'{e}nyi and f-divergence measures based on a new graph theoretical interpretation. Suppose that we are given two sample sets $X$ and $Y$, respectively with $N$ and $M$ samples, where $\eta:=M/N$ is a constant value. Considering the $k$-nearest neighbor ($k$-NN) graph of $Y$ i...
computer science
9,407
Towards a Unified Taxonomy of Biclustering Methods
cs.AI
Being an unsupervised machine learning and data mining technique, biclustering and its multimodal extensions are becoming popular tools for analysing object-attribute data in different domains. Apart from conventional clustering techniques, biclustering is searching for homogeneous groups of objects while keeping their...
computer science
9,408
Cost-Optimal Learning of Causal Graphs
cs.AI
We consider the problem of learning a causal graph over a set of variables with interventions. We study the cost-optimal causal graph learning problem: For a given skeleton (undirected version of the causal graph), design the set of interventions with minimum total cost, that can uniquely identify any causal graph with...
computer science
9,409
FairJudge: Trustworthy User Prediction in Rating Platforms
cs.SI
Rating platforms enable large-scale collection of user opinion about items (products, other users, etc.). However, many untrustworthy users give fraudulent ratings for excessive monetary gains. In the paper, we present FairJudge, a system to identify such fraudulent users. We propose three metrics: (i) the fairness of ...
computer science
9,410
Robust Causal Estimation in the Large-Sample Limit without Strict Faithfulness
stat.ML
Causal effect estimation from observational data is an important and much studied research topic. The instrumental variable (IV) and local causal discovery (LCD) patterns are canonical examples of settings where a closed-form expression exists for the causal effect of one variable on another, given the presence of a th...
computer science
9,411
Graphical Models: An Extension to Random Graphs, Trees, and Other Objects
stat.ML
In this work, we consider an extension of graphical models to random graphs, trees, and other objects. To do this, many fundamental concepts for multivariate random variables (e.g., marginal variables, Gibbs distribution, Markov properties) must be extended to other mathematical objects; it turns out that this extensio...
computer science
9,412
Morpheo: Traceable Machine Learning on Hidden data
cs.AI
Morpheo is a transparent and secure machine learning platform collecting and analysing large datasets. It aims at building state-of-the art prediction models in various fields where data are sensitive. Indeed, it offers strong privacy of data and algorithm, by preventing anyone to read the data, apart from the owner an...
computer science
9,413
Understanding Negations in Information Processing: Learning from Replicating Human Behavior
cs.AI
Information systems experience an ever-growing volume of unstructured data, particularly in the form of textual materials. This represents a rich source of information from which one can create value for people, organizations and businesses. For instance, recommender systems can benefit from automatically understanding...
computer science
9,414
Event Stream-Based Process Discovery using Abstract Representations
cs.DB
The aim of process discovery, originating from the area of process mining, is to discover a process model based on business process execution data. A majority of process discovery techniques relies on an event log as an input. An event log is a static source of historical data capturing the execution of a business proc...
computer science
9,415
Active learning machine learns to create new quantum experiments
cs.AI
How useful can machine learning be in a quantum laboratory? Here we raise the question of the potential of intelligent machines in the context of scientific research. A major motivation for the present work is the unknown reachability of various entanglement classes in quantum experiments. We investigate this question ...
computer science
9,416
TIP: Typifying the Interpretability of Procedures
cs.AI
We provide a novel notion of what it means to be interpretable, looking past the usual association with human understanding. Our key insight is that interpretability is not an absolute concept and so we define it relative to a target model, which may or may not be a human. We define a framework that allows for comparin...
computer science
9,417
Causal Discovery in the Presence of Measurement Error: Identifiability Conditions
stat.ME
Measurement error in the observed values of the variables can greatly change the output of various causal discovery methods. This problem has received much attention in multiple fields, but it is not clear to what extent the causal model for the measurement-error-free variables can be identified in the presence of meas...
computer science
9,418
The impossibility of "fairness": a generalized impossibility result for decisions
stat.AP
Various measures can be used to estimate bias or unfairness in a predictor. Previous work has already established that some of these measures are incompatible with each other. Here we show that, when groups differ in prevalence of the predicted event, several intuitive, reasonable measures of fairness (probability of p...
computer science
9,419
Bayesian Optimization for Probabilistic Programs
stat.ML
We present the first general purpose framework for marginal maximum a posteriori estimation of probabilistic program variables. By using a series of code transformations, the evidence of any probabilistic program, and therefore of any graphical model, can be optimized with respect to an arbitrary subset of its sampled ...
computer science
9,420
Physical problem solving: Joint planning with symbolic, geometric, and dynamic constraints
cs.AI
In this paper, we present a new task that investigates how people interact with and make judgments about towers of blocks. In Experiment~1, participants in the lab solved a series of problems in which they had to re-configure three blocks from an initial to a final configuration. We recorded whether they used one hand ...
computer science
9,421
"I can assure you [$\ldots$] that it's going to be all right" -- A definition, case for, and survey of algorithmic assurances in human-autonomy trust relationships
cs.CY
As technology become more advanced, those who design, use and are otherwise affected by it want to know that it will perform correctly, and understand why it does what it does, and how to use it appropriately. In essence they want to be able to trust the systems that are being designed. In this survey we present assura...
computer science
9,422
Beyond the technical challenges for deploying Machine Learning solutions in a software company
cs.HC
Recently software development companies started to embrace Machine Learning (ML) techniques for introducing a series of advanced functionality in their products such as personalisation of the user experience, improved search, content recommendation and automation. The technical challenges for tackling these problems ar...
computer science
9,423
Optimization of Ensemble Supervised Learning Algorithms for Increased Sensitivity, Specificity, and AUC of Population-Based Colorectal Cancer Screenings
stat.ML
Over 150,000 new people in the United States are diagnosed with colorectal cancer each year. Nearly a third die from it (American Cancer Society). The only approved noninvasive diagnosis tools currently involve fecal blood count tests (FOBTs) or stool DNA tests. Fecal blood count tests take only five minutes and are av...
computer science
9,424
On a Formal Model of Safe and Scalable Self-driving Cars
cs.RO
In recent years, car makers and tech companies have been racing towards self driving cars. It seems that the main parameter in this race is who will have the first car on the road. The goal of this paper is to add to the equation two additional crucial parameters. The first is standardization of safety assurance --- wh...
computer science
9,425
Deep Learning for Accelerated Reliability Analysis of Infrastructure Networks
cs.CE
Natural disasters can have catastrophic impacts on the functionality of infrastructure systems and cause severe physical and socio-economic losses. Given budget constraints, it is crucial to optimize decisions regarding mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery practices for these systems. This requires accurate...
computer science
9,426
Learning from lions: inferring the utility of agents from their trajectories
cs.AI
We build a model using Gaussian processes to infer a spatio-temporal vector field from observed agent trajectories. Significant landmarks or influence points in agent surroundings are jointly derived through vector calculus operations that indicate presence of sources and sinks. We evaluate these influence points by us...
computer science
9,427
On labeling Android malware signatures using minhashing and further classification with Structural Equation Models
cs.CR
Multi-scanner Antivirus systems provide insightful information on the nature of a suspect application; however there is often a lack of consensus and consistency between different Anti-Virus engines. In this article, we analyze more than 250 thousand malware signatures generated by 61 different Anti-Virus engines after...
computer science
9,428
Towards personalized human AI interaction - adapting the behavior of AI agents using neural signatures of subjective interest
cs.HC
Reinforcement Learning AI commonly uses reward/penalty signals that are objective and explicit in an environment -- e.g. game score, completion time, etc. -- in order to learn the optimal strategy for task performance. However, Human-AI interaction for such AI agents should include additional reinforcement that is impl...
computer science
9,429
A Categorical Approach for Recognizing Emotional Effects of Music
cs.AI
Recently, digital music libraries have been developed and can be plainly accessed. Latest research showed that current organization and retrieval of music tracks based on album information are inefficient. Moreover, they demonstrated that people use emotion tags for music tracks in order to search and retrieve them. In...
computer science
9,430
Generalized Quantum Reinforcement Learning with Quantum Technologies
cs.AI
We propose a protocol to perform generalized quantum reinforcement learning with quantum technologies. At variance with recent results on quantum reinforcement learning with superconducting circuits [L. Lamata, Sci. Rep. 7, 1609 (2017)], in our current protocol coherent feedback during the learning process is not requi...
computer science
9,431
Deep Haptic Model Predictive Control for Robot-Assisted Dressing
cs.RO
Robot-assisted dressing offers an opportunity to benefit the lives of many people with disabilities, such as some older adults. However, robots currently lack common sense about the physical implications of their actions on people. The physical implications of dressing are complicated by non-rigid garments, which can r...
computer science
9,432
Duality-free Methods for Stochastic Composition Optimization
stat.ML
We consider the composition optimization with two expected-value functions in the form of $\frac{1}{n}\sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^n F_i(\frac{1}{m}\sum\nolimits_{j = 1}^m G_j(x))+R(x)$, { which formulates many important problems in statistical learning and machine learning such as solving Bellman equations in reinforcement l...
computer science
9,433
Intelligent Fault Analysis in Electrical Power Grids
cs.SY
Power grids are one of the most important components of infrastructure in today's world. Every nation is dependent on the security and stability of its own power grid to provide electricity to the households and industries. A malfunction of even a small part of a power grid can cause loss of productivity, revenue and i...
computer science
9,434
Parkinson's Disease Digital Biomarker Discovery with Optimized Transitions and Inferred Markov Emissions
cs.AI
We search for digital biomarkers from Parkinson's Disease by observing approximate repetitive patterns matching hypothesized step and stride periodic cycles. These observations were modeled as a cycle of hidden states with randomness allowing deviation from a canonical pattern of transitions and emissions, under the hy...
computer science
9,435
Efficiency Analysis of ASP Encodings for Sequential Pattern Mining Tasks
cs.AI
This article presents the use of Answer Set Programming (ASP) to mine sequential patterns. ASP is a high-level declarative logic programming paradigm for high level encoding combinatorial and optimization problem solving as well as knowledge representation and reasoning. Thus, ASP is a good candidate for implementing p...
computer science
9,436
A generalised framework for detailed classification of swimming paths inside the Morris Water Maze
cs.AI
The Morris Water Maze is commonly used in behavioural neuroscience for the study of spatial learning with rodents. Over the years, various methods of analysing rodent data collected in this task have been proposed. These methods span from classical performance measurements (e.g. escape latency, rodent speed, quadrant p...
computer science
9,437
Quantifying Performance of Bipedal Standing with Multi-channel EMG
stat.ML
Spinal cord stimulation has enabled humans with motor complete spinal cord injury (SCI) to independently stand and recover some lost autonomic function. Quantifying the quality of bipedal standing under spinal stimulation is important for spinal rehabilitation therapies and for new strategies that seek to combine spina...
computer science
9,438
Automated Algorithm Selection on Continuous Black-Box Problems By Combining Exploratory Landscape Analysis and Machine Learning
stat.ML
In this paper, we build upon previous work on designing informative and efficient Exploratory Landscape Analysis features for characterizing problems' landscapes and show their effectiveness in automatically constructing algorithm selection models in continuous black-box optimization problems. Focussing on algorithm pe...
computer science
9,439
Representation Learning for Scale-free Networks
cs.SI
Network embedding aims to learn the low-dimensional representations of vertexes in a network, while structure and inherent properties of the network is preserved. Existing network embedding works primarily focus on preserving the microscopic structure, such as the first- and second-order proximity of vertexes, while th...
computer science
9,440
Gated Recurrent Networks for Seizure Detection
eess.SP
Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) with sophisticated units that implement a gating mechanism have emerged as powerful technique for modeling sequential signals such as speech or electroencephalography (EEG). The latter is the focus on this paper. A significant big data resource, known as the TUH EEG Corpus (TUEEG), has ...
computer science
9,441
Robust Propensity Score Computation Method based on Machine Learning with Label-corrupted Data
stat.ME
In biostatistics, propensity score is a common approach to analyze the imbalance of covariate and process confounding covariates to eliminate differences between groups. While there are an abundant amount of methods to compute propensity score, a common issue of them is the corrupted labels in the dataset. For example,...
computer science
9,442
Estimating Heterogeneous Consumer Preferences for Restaurants and Travel Time Using Mobile Location Data
econ.EM
This paper analyzes consumer choices over lunchtime restaurants using data from a sample of several thousand anonymous mobile phone users in the San Francisco Bay Area. The data is used to identify users' approximate typical morning location, as well as their choices of lunchtime restaurants. We build a model where res...
computer science
9,443
HONE: Higher-Order Network Embeddings
stat.ML
This paper describes a general framework for learning Higher-Order Network Embeddings (HONE) from graph data based on network motifs. The HONE framework is highly expressive and flexible with many interchangeable components. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of learning higher-order network represe...
computer science
9,444
Human-Machine Inference Networks For Smart Decision Making: Opportunities and Challenges
cs.HC
The emerging paradigm of Human-Machine Inference Networks (HuMaINs) combines complementary cognitive strengths of humans and machines in an intelligent manner to tackle various inference tasks and achieves higher performance than either humans or machines by themselves. While inference performance optimization techniqu...
computer science
9,445
Over-representation of Extreme Events in Decision-Making: A Rational Metacognitive Account
cs.AI
The Availability bias, manifested in the over-representation of extreme eventualities in decision-making, is a well-known cognitive bias, and is generally taken as evidence of human irrationality. In this work, we present the first rational, metacognitive account of the Availability bias, formally articulated at Marr's...
computer science
9,446
A Rational Distributed Process-level Account of Independence Judgment
cs.AI
It is inconceivable how chaotic the world would look to humans, faced with innumerable decisions a day to be made under uncertainty, had they been lacking the capacity to distinguish the relevant from the irrelevant---a capacity which computationally amounts to handling probabilistic independence relations. The highly ...
computer science
9,447
Learning Role-based Graph Embeddings
stat.ML
Random walks are at the heart of many existing network embedding methods. However, such algorithms have many limitations that arise from the use of random walks, e.g., the features resulting from these methods are unable to transfer to new nodes and graphs as they are tied to vertex identity. In this work, we introduce...
computer science
9,448
ATPboost: Learning Premise Selection in Binary Setting with ATP Feedback
cs.AI
ATPboost is a system for solving sets of large-theory problems by interleaving ATP runs with state-of-the-art machine learning of premise selection from the proofs. Unlike many previous approaches that use multi-label setting, the learning is implemented as binary classification that estimates the pairwise-relevance of...
computer science
9,449
The Need for Speed of AI Applications: Performance Comparison of Native vs. Browser-based Algorithm Implementations
cs.AI
AI applications pose increasing demands on performance, so it is not surprising that the era of client-side distributed software is becoming important. On top of many AI applications already using mobile hardware, and even browsers for computationally demanding AI applications, we are already witnessing the emergence o...
computer science
9,450
Crowd ideation of supervised learning problems
cs.HC
Crowdsourcing is an important avenue for collecting machine learning data, but crowdsourcing can go beyond simple data collection by employing the creativity and wisdom of crowd workers. Yet crowd participants are unlikely to be experts in statistics or predictive modeling, and it is not clear how well non-experts can ...
computer science
9,451
SentRNA: Improving computational RNA design by incorporating a prior of human design strategies
cs.AI
Designing RNA sequences that fold into specific structures and perform desired biological functions is an emerging field in bioengineering with broad applications from intracellular chemical catalysis to cancer therapy via selective gene silencing. Effective RNA design requires first solving the inverse folding problem...
computer science
9,452
Valuing knowledge, information and agency in Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning: a case study in smart buildings
cs.MA
Increasing energy efficiency in buildings can reduce costs and emissions substantially. Historically, this has been treated as a local, or single-agent, optimization problem. However, many buildings utilize the same types of thermal equipment e.g. electric heaters and hot water vessels. During operation, occupants in t...
computer science
9,453
Categorizing Variants of Goodhart's Law
cs.AI
There are several distinct failure modes for overoptimization of systems on the basis of metrics. This occurs when a metric which can be used to improve a system is used to an extent that further optimization is ineffective or harmful, and is sometimes termed Goodhart's Law. This class of failure is often poorly unders...
computer science
9,454
Oracle Complexity and Nontransitivity in Pattern Recognition
cs.CC
Different mathematical models of recognition processes are known. In the present paper we consider a pattern recognition algorithm as an oracle computation on a Turing machine. Such point of view seems to be useful in pattern recognition as well as in recursion theory. Use of recursion theory in pattern recognition sho...
computer science
9,455
The Generalized Universal Law of Generalization
cs.CV
It has been argued by Shepard that there is a robust psychological law that relates the distance between a pair of items in psychological space and the probability that they will be confused with each other. Specifically, the probability of confusion is a negative exponential function of the distance between the pair o...
computer science
9,456
Cyborg Systems as Platforms for Computer-Vision Algorithm-Development for Astrobiology
cs.CV
Employing the allegorical imagery from the film "The Matrix", we motivate and discuss our `Cyborg Astrobiologist' research program. In this research program, we are using a wearable computer and video camcorder in order to test and train a computer-vision system to be a field-geologist and field-astrobiologist.
computer science
9,457
ScheduleNanny: Using GPS to Learn the User's Significant Locations, Travel Times and Schedule
cs.AI
As computing technology becomes more pervasive, personal devices such as the PDA, cell-phone, and notebook should use context to determine how to act. Location is one form of context that can be used in many ways. We present a multiple-device system that collects and clusters GPS data into significant locations. These ...
computer science
9,458
Fast Lexically Constrained Viterbi Algorithm (FLCVA): Simultaneous Optimization of Speed and Memory
cs.CV
Lexical constraints on the input of speech and on-line handwriting systems improve the performance of such systems. A significant gain in speed can be achieved by integrating in a digraph structure the different Hidden Markov Models (HMM) corresponding to the words of the relevant lexicon. This integration avoids redun...
computer science
9,459
Applying MDL to Learning Best Model Granularity
cs.AI
The Minimum Description Length (MDL) principle is solidly based on a provably ideal method of inference using Kolmogorov complexity. We test how the theory behaves in practice on a general problem in model selection: that of learning the best model granularity. The performance of a model depends critically on the granu...
computer science
9,460
The Expressive Power of Binary Submodular Functions
cs.DM
It has previously been an open problem whether all Boolean submodular functions can be decomposed into a sum of binary submodular functions over a possibly larger set of variables. This problem has been considered within several different contexts in computer science, including computer vision, artificial intelligence,...
computer science
9,461
FaceBots: Steps Towards Enhanced Long-Term Human-Robot Interaction by Utilizing and Publishing Online Social Information
cs.RO
Our project aims at supporting the creation of sustainable and meaningful longer-term human-robot relationships through the creation of embodied robots with face recognition and natural language dialogue capabilities, which exploit and publish social information available on the web (Facebook). Our main underlying expe...
computer science
9,462
A Model-Based Approach to Predicting Predator-Prey & Friend-Foe Relationships in Ant Colonies
cs.AI
Understanding predator-prey relationships among insects is a challenging task in the domain of insect-colony research. This is due to several factors involved, such as determining whether a particular behavior is the result of a predator-prey interaction, a friend-foe interaction or another kind of interaction. In this...
computer science
9,463
Survey on Various Gesture Recognition Techniques for Interfacing Machines Based on Ambient Intelligence
cs.AI
Gesture recognition is mainly apprehensive on analyzing the functionality of human wits. The main goal of gesture recognition is to create a system which can recognize specific human gestures and use them to convey information or for device control. Hand gestures provide a separate complementary modality to speech for ...
computer science
9,464
A linear framework for region-based image segmentation and inpainting involving curvature penalization
cs.CV
We present the first method to handle curvature regularity in region-based image segmentation and inpainting that is independent of initialization. To this end we start from a new formulation of length-based optimization schemes, based on surface continuation constraints, and discuss the connections to existing schem...
computer science
9,465
Inferring 3D Articulated Models for Box Packaging Robot
cs.RO
Given a point cloud, we consider inferring kinematic models of 3D articulated objects such as boxes for the purpose of manipulating them. While previous work has shown how to extract a planar kinematic model (often represented as a linear chain), such planar models do not apply to 3D objects that are composed of segmen...
computer science
9,466
Active Classification: Theory and Application to Underwater Inspection
cs.RO
We discuss the problem in which an autonomous vehicle must classify an object based on multiple views. We focus on the active classification setting, where the vehicle controls which views to select to best perform the classification. The problem is formulated as an extension to Bayesian active learning, and we show co...
computer science
9,467
An Efficient Real Time Method of Fingertip Detection
cs.CV
Fingertips detection has been used in many applications, and it is very popular and commonly used in the area of Human Computer Interaction these days. This paper presents a novel time efficient method that will lead to fingertip detection after cropping the irrelevant parts of input image. Binary silhouette of the inp...
computer science
9,468
Towards Holistic Scene Understanding: Feedback Enabled Cascaded Classification Models
cs.CV
Scene understanding includes many related sub-tasks, such as scene categorization, depth estimation, object detection, etc. Each of these sub-tasks is often notoriously hard, and state-of-the-art classifiers already exist for many of them. These classifiers operate on the same raw image and provide correlated outputs. ...
computer science
9,469
Contextually Guided Semantic Labeling and Search for 3D Point Clouds
cs.RO
RGB-D cameras, which give an RGB image to- gether with depths, are becoming increasingly popular for robotic perception. In this paper, we address the task of detecting commonly found objects in the 3D point cloud of indoor scenes obtained from such cameras. Our method uses a graphical model that captures various featu...
computer science
9,470
3D Model Retrieval Based on Semantic and Shape Indexes
cs.IR
The size of 3D models used on the web or stored in databases is becoming increasingly high. Then, an efficient method that allows users to find similar 3D objects for a given 3D model query has become necessary. Keywords and the geometry of a 3D model cannot meet the needs of users' retrieval because they do not includ...
computer science
9,471
Cognitive Memory Network
cs.AI
A resistive memory network that has no crossover wiring is proposed to overcome the hardware limitations to size and functional complexity that is associated with conventional analogue neural networks. The proposed memory network is based on simple network cells that are arranged in a hierarchical modular architecture....
computer science
9,472
Seeing Unseeability to See the Unseeable
cs.CV
We present a framework that allows an observer to determine occluded portions of a structure by finding the maximum-likelihood estimate of those occluded portions consistent with visible image evidence and a consistency model. Doing this requires determining which portions of the structure are occluded in the first pla...
computer science
9,473
Spike Timing Dependent Competitive Learning in Recurrent Self Organizing Pulsed Neural Networks Case Study: Phoneme and Word Recognition
cs.CV
Synaptic plasticity seems to be a capital aspect of the dynamics of neural networks. It is about the physiological modifications of the synapse, which have like consequence a variation of the value of the synaptic weight. The information encoding is based on the precise timing of single spike events that is based on th...
computer science
9,474
Utility-Based Control for Computer Vision
cs.CV
Several key issues arise in implementing computer vision recognition of world objects in terms of Bayesian networks. Computational efficiency is a driving force. Perceptual networks are very deep, typically fifteen levels of structure. Images are wide, e.g., an unspecified-number of edges may appear anywhere in an imag...
computer science
9,475
Separating the Real from the Synthetic: Minutiae Histograms as Fingerprints of Fingerprints
cs.CV
In this study we show that by the current state-of-the-art synthetically generated fingerprints can easily be discriminated from real fingerprints. We propose a method based on second order extended minutiae histograms (MHs) which can distinguish between real and synthetic prints with very high accuracy. MHs provide a ...
computer science
9,476
ROTUNDE - A Smart Meeting Cinematography Initiative: Tools, Datasets, and Benchmarks for Cognitive Interpretation and Control
cs.AI
We construe smart meeting cinematography with a focus on professional situations such as meetings and seminars, possibly conducted in a distributed manner across socio-spatially separated groups. The basic objective in smart meeting cinematography is to interpret professional interactions involving people, and automati...
computer science
9,477
Cognitive Interpretation of Everyday Activities: Toward Perceptual Narrative Based Visuo-Spatial Scene Interpretation
cs.AI
We position a narrative-centred computational model for high-level knowledge representation and reasoning in the context of a range of assistive technologies concerned with "visuo-spatial perception and cognition" tasks. Our proposed narrative model encompasses aspects such as \emph{space, events, actions, change, and ...
computer science
9,478
Two-Dimensional ARMA Modeling for Breast Cancer Detection and Classification
cs.AI
We propose a new model-based computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for tumor detection and classification (cancerous v.s. benign) in breast images. Specifically, we show that (x-ray, ultrasound and MRI) images can be accurately modeled by two-dimensional autoregressive-moving average (ARMA) random fields. We derive a t...
computer science
9,479
Learning Human Activities and Object Affordances from RGB-D Videos
cs.RO
Understanding human activities and object affordances are two very important skills, especially for personal robots which operate in human environments. In this work, we consider the problem of extracting a descriptive labeling of the sequence of sub-activities being performed by a human, and more importantly, of their...
computer science
9,480
Optimization in Differentiable Manifolds in Order to Determine the Method of Construction of Prehistoric Wall-Paintings
cs.CV
In this paper a general methodology is introduced for the determination of potential prototype curves used for the drawing of prehistoric wall-paintings. The approach includes a) preprocessing of the wall-paintings contours to properly partition them, according to their curvature, b) choice of prototype curves families...
computer science
9,481
To Fall Or Not To Fall: A Visual Approach to Physical Stability Prediction
cs.CV
Understanding physical phenomena is a key competence that enables humans and animals to act and interact under uncertain perception in previously unseen environments containing novel object and their configurations. Developmental psychology has shown that such skills are acquired by infants from observations at a very ...
computer science
9,482
Deep Cross Residual Learning for Multitask Visual Recognition
cs.CV
Residual learning has recently surfaced as an effective means of constructing very deep neural networks for object recognition. However, current incarnations of residual networks do not allow for the modeling and integration of complex relations between closely coupled recognition tasks or across domains. Such problems...
computer science
9,483
The Curious Robot: Learning Visual Representations via Physical Interactions
cs.CV
What is the right supervisory signal to train visual representations? Current approaches in computer vision use category labels from datasets such as ImageNet to train ConvNets. However, in case of biological agents, visual representation learning does not require millions of semantic labels. We argue that biological a...
computer science
9,484
Autonomously Learning to Visually Detect Where Manipulation Will Succeed
cs.RO
Visual features can help predict if a manipulation behavior will succeed at a given location. For example, the success of a behavior that flips light switches depends on the location of the switch. Within this paper, we present methods that enable a mobile manipulator to autonomously learn a function that takes an RGB ...
computer science
9,485
Medical Image Fusion: A survey of the state of the art
cs.CV
Medical image fusion is the process of registering and combining multiple images from single or multiple imaging modalities to improve the imaging quality and reduce randomness and redundancy in order to increase the clinical applicability of medical images for diagnosis and assessment of medical problems. Multi-modal ...
computer science
9,486
Video Face Editing Using Temporal-Spatial-Smooth Warping
cs.CV
Editing faces in videos is a popular yet challenging aspect of computer vision and graphics, which encompasses several applications including facial attractiveness enhancement, makeup transfer, face replacement, and expression manipulation. Simply applying image-based warping algorithms to video-based face editing prod...
computer science
9,487
Classifying sequences by the optimized dissimilarity space embedding approach: a case study on the solubility analysis of the E. coli proteome
cs.CV
We evaluate a version of the recently-proposed classification system named Optimized Dissimilarity Space Embedding (ODSE) that operates in the input space of sequences of generic objects. The ODSE system has been originally presented as a classification system for patterns represented as labeled graphs. However, since ...
computer science
9,488
Building with Drones: Accurate 3D Facade Reconstruction using MAVs
cs.RO
Automatic reconstruction of 3D models from images using multi-view Structure-from-Motion methods has been one of the most fruitful outcomes of computer vision. These advances combined with the growing popularity of Micro Aerial Vehicles as an autonomous imaging platform, have made 3D vision tools ubiquitous for large n...
computer science
9,489
Group Event Detection with a Varying Number of Group Members for Video Surveillance
cs.CV
This paper presents a novel approach for automatic recognition of group activities for video surveillance applications. We propose to use a group representative to handle the recognition with a varying number of group members, and use an Asynchronous Hidden Markov Model (AHMM) to model the relationship between people. ...
computer science
9,490
Reduced Basis Decomposition: a Certified and Fast Lossy Data Compression Algorithm
math.NA
Dimension reduction is often needed in the area of data mining. The goal of these methods is to map the given high-dimensional data into a low-dimensional space preserving certain properties of the initial data. There are two kinds of techniques for this purpose. The first, projective methods, builds an explicit linear...
computer science
9,491
CDVAE: Co-embedding Deep Variational Auto Encoder for Conditional Variational Generation
cs.CV
Problems such as predicting a new shading field (Y) for an image (X) are ambiguous: many very distinct solutions are good. Representing this ambiguity requires building a conditional model P(Y|X) of the prediction, conditioned on the image. Such a model is difficult to train, because we do not usually have training dat...
computer science
9,492
Multiple Instance Learning: A Survey of Problem Characteristics and Applications
cs.CV
Multiple instance learning (MIL) is a form of weakly supervised learning where training instances are arranged in sets, called bags, and a label is provided for the entire bag. This formulation is gaining interest because it naturally fits various problems and allows to leverage weakly labeled data. Consequently, it ha...
computer science
9,493
Accelerated Convolutions for Efficient Multi-Scale Time to Contact Computation in Julia
cs.CV
Convolutions have long been regarded as fundamental to applied mathematics, physics and engineering. Their mathematical elegance allows for common tasks such as numerical differentiation to be computed efficiently on large data sets. Efficient computation of convolutions is critical to artificial intelligence in real-t...
computer science
9,494
Multi-q Analysis of Image Patterns
cs.AI
This paper studies the use of the Tsallis Entropy versus the classic Boltzmann-Gibbs-Shannon entropy for classifying image patterns. Given a database of 40 pattern classes, the goal is to determine the class of a given image sample. Our experiments show that the Tsallis entropy encoded in a feature vector for different...
computer science
9,495
Fast Exact Search in Hamming Space with Multi-Index Hashing
cs.CV
There is growing interest in representing image data and feature descriptors using compact binary codes for fast near neighbor search. Although binary codes are motivated by their use as direct indices (addresses) into a hash table, codes longer than 32 bits are not being used as such, as it was thought to be ineffecti...
computer science
9,496
Understanding Humans' Strategies in Maze Solving
cs.CV
Navigating through a visual maze relies on the strategic use of eye movements to select and identify the route. When navigating the maze, there are trade-offs between exploring to the environment and relying on memory. This study examined strategies used to navigating through novel and familiar mazes that were viewed f...
computer science
9,497
Integration of 3D Object Recognition and Planning for Robotic Manipulation: A Preliminary Report
cs.AI
We investigate different approaches to integrating object recognition and planning in a tabletop manipulation domain with the set of objects used in the 2012 RoboCup@Work competition. Results of our preliminary experiments show that, with some approaches, close integration of perception and planning improves the qualit...
computer science
9,498
RANSAC: Identification of Higher-Order Geometric Features and Applications in Humanoid Robot Soccer
cs.RO
The ability for an autonomous agent to self-localise is directly proportional to the accuracy and precision with which it can perceive salient features within its local environment. The identification of such features by recognising geometric profile allows robustness against lighting variations, which is necessary in ...
computer science
9,499
Tree-based iterated local search for Markov random fields with applications in image analysis
cs.AI
The \emph{maximum a posteriori} (MAP) assignment for general structure Markov random fields (MRFs) is computationally intractable. In this paper, we exploit tree-based methods to efficiently address this problem. Our novel method, named Tree-based Iterated Local Search (T-ILS) takes advantage of the tractability of tre...
computer science