Unnamed: 0
int64
0
41k
title
stringlengths
4
274
category
stringlengths
5
18
summary
stringlengths
22
3.66k
theme
stringclasses
8 values
12,902
Ensembles of Protein Molecules as Statistical Analog Computers
cs.AI
A class of analog computers built from large numbers of microscopic probabilistic machines is discussed. It is postulated that such computers are implemented in biological systems as ensembles of protein molecules. The formalism is based on an abstract computational model referred to as Protein Molecule Machine (PMM). ...
computer science
12,903
Proceedings Fifth Workshop on Developments in Computational Models--Computational Models From Nature
cs.CE
The special theme of DCM 2009, co-located with ICALP 2009, concerned Computational Models From Nature, with a particular emphasis on computational models derived from physics and biology. The intention was to bring together different approaches - in a community with a strong foundational background as proffered by the ...
computer science
12,904
Robust artificial neural networks and outlier detection. Technical report
math.OC
Large outliers break down linear and nonlinear regression models. Robust regression methods allow one to filter out the outliers when building a model. By replacing the traditional least squares criterion with the least trimmed squares criterion, in which half of data is treated as potential outliers, one can fit accur...
computer science
12,905
Landau Theory of Adaptive Integration in Computational Intelligence
stat.ML
Computational Intelligence (CI) is a sub-branch of Artificial Intelligence paradigm focusing on the study of adaptive mechanisms to enable or facilitate intelligent behavior in complex and changing environments. There are several paradigms of CI [like artificial neural networks, evolutionary computations, swarm intelli...
computer science
12,906
Supervised Random Walks: Predicting and Recommending Links in Social Networks
cs.SI
Predicting the occurrence of links is a fundamental problem in networks. In the link prediction problem we are given a snapshot of a network and would like to infer which interactions among existing members are likely to occur in the near future or which existing interactions are we missing. Although this problem has b...
computer science
12,907
A Sequence of Relaxations Constraining Hidden Variable Models
cs.AI
Many widely studied graphical models with latent variables lead to nontrivial constraints on the distribution of the observed variables. Inspired by the Bell inequalities in quantum mechanics, we refer to any linear inequality whose violation rules out some latent variable model as a "hidden variable test" for that mod...
computer science
12,908
Residual Component Analysis
stat.ML
Probabilistic principal component analysis (PPCA) seeks a low dimensional representation of a data set in the presence of independent spherical Gaussian noise, Sigma = (sigma^2)*I. The maximum likelihood solution for the model is an eigenvalue problem on the sample covariance matrix. In this paper we consider the situa...
computer science
12,909
Mixed-Membership Stochastic Block-Models for Transactional Networks
stat.ML
Transactional network data can be thought of as a list of one-to-many communications(e.g., email) between nodes in a social network. Most social network models convert this type of data into binary relations between pairs of nodes. We develop a latent mixed membership model capable of modeling richer forms of transacti...
computer science
12,910
Multigrid with rough coefficients and Multiresolution operator decomposition from Hierarchical Information Games
math.NA
We introduce a near-linear complexity (geometric and meshless/algebraic) multigrid/multiresolution method for PDEs with rough ($L^\infty$) coefficients with rigorous a-priori accuracy and performance estimates. The method is discovered through a decision/game theory formulation of the problems of (1) identifying restri...
computer science
12,911
Supervised Quantum Learning without Measurements
cs.AI
We propose a quantum machine learning algorithm for efficiently solving a class of problems encoded in quantum controlled unitary operations. The central physical mechanism of the protocol is the iteration of a quantum time-delayed equation that introduces feedback in the dynamics and eliminates the necessity of interm...
computer science
12,912
Generalized Compression Dictionary Distance as Universal Similarity Measure
stat.ML
We present a new similarity measure based on information theoretic measures which is superior than Normalized Compression Distance for clustering problems and inherits the useful properties of conditional Kolmogorov complexity. We show that Normalized Compression Dictionary Size and Normalized Compression Dictionary En...
computer science
12,913
Boolean Matrix Factorization and Noisy Completion via Message Passing
math.ST
Boolean matrix factorization and Boolean matrix completion from noisy observations are desirable unsupervised data-analysis methods due to their interpretability, but hard to perform due to their NP-hardness. We treat these problems as maximum a posteriori inference problems in a graphical model and present a message p...
computer science
12,914
Large Collection of Diverse Gene Set Search Queries Recapitulate Known Protein-Protein Interactions and Gene-Gene Functional Associations
cs.AI
Popular online enrichment analysis tools from the field of molecular systems biology provide users with the ability to submit their experimental results as gene sets for individual analysis. Such queries are kept private, and have never before been considered as a resource for integrative analysis. By harnessing gene s...
computer science
12,915
Infinite-dimensional Log-Determinant divergences II: Alpha-Beta divergences
math.FA
This work presents a parametrized family of divergences, namely Alpha-Beta Log- Determinant (Log-Det) divergences, between positive definite unitized trace class operators on a Hilbert space. This is a generalization of the Alpha-Beta Log-Determinant divergences between symmetric, positive definite matrices to the infi...
computer science
12,916
Edward: A library for probabilistic modeling, inference, and criticism
stat.CO
Probabilistic modeling is a powerful approach for analyzing empirical information. We describe Edward, a library for probabilistic modeling. Edward's design reflects an iterative process pioneered by George Box: build a model of a phenomenon, make inferences about the model given data, and criticize the model's fit to ...
computer science
12,917
Basic protocols in quantum reinforcement learning with superconducting circuits
cs.AI
Superconducting circuit technologies have recently achieved quantum protocols involving closed feedback loops. Quantum artificial intelligence and quantum machine learning are emerging fields inside quantum technologies which may enable quantum devices to acquire information from the outer world and improve themselves ...
computer science
12,918
Duality of Graphical Models and Tensor Networks
math.ST
In this article we show the duality between tensor networks and undirected graphical models with discrete variables. We study tensor networks on hypergraphs, which we call tensor hypernetworks. We show that the tensor hypernetwork on a hypergraph exactly corresponds to the graphical model given by the dual hypergraph. ...
computer science
12,919
Marginal sequential Monte Carlo for doubly intractable models
stat.CO
Bayesian inference for models that have an intractable partition function is known as a doubly intractable problem, where standard Monte Carlo methods are not applicable. The past decade has seen the development of auxiliary variable Monte Carlo techniques (M{\o}ller et al., 2006; Murray et al., 2006) for tackling this...
computer science
12,920
"Dave...I can assure you...that it's going to be all right..." -- A definition, case for, and survey of algorithmic assurances in human-autonomy trust relationships
cs.CY
As technology becomes more advanced, those who design, use and are otherwise affected by it want to know that it will perform correctly, and understand why it does what it does, and how to use it appropriately. In essence they want to be able to trust the systems that are being designed. In this survey we present assur...
computer science
12,921
Bootstrapped synthetic likelihood
stat.CO
Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) and synthetic likelihood (SL) techniques have enabled the use of Bayesian inference for models that may be simulated, but for which the likelihood cannot be evaluated pointwise at values of an unknown parameter $\theta$. The main idea in ABC and SL is to, for different values of $...
computer science
12,922
Modeling the Formation of Social Conventions in Multi-Agent Populations
cs.MA
In order to understand the formation of social conventions we need to know the specific role of control and learning in multi-agent systems. To advance in this direction, we propose, within the framework of the Distributed Adaptive Control (DAC) theory, a novel Control-based Reinforcement Learning architecture (CRL) th...
computer science
12,923
Using Simulated Annealing to Calculate the Trembles of Trembling Hand Perfection
cs.GT
Within the literature on non-cooperative game theory, there have been a number of attempts to propose logorithms which will compute Nash equilibria. Rather than derive a new algorithm, this paper shows that the family of algorithms known as Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) can be used to calculate Nash equilibria. MCMC ...
computer science
12,924
Learning from Complex Systems: On the Roles of Entropy and Fisher Information in Pairwise Isotropic Gaussian Markov Random Fields
cs.IT
Markov Random Field models are powerful tools for the study of complex systems. However, little is known about how the interactions between the elements of such systems are encoded, especially from an information-theoretic perspective. In this paper, our goal is to enlight the connection between Fisher information, Sha...
computer science
12,925
An iterative feature selection method for GRNs inference by exploring topological properties
cs.CV
An important problem in bioinformatics is the inference of gene regulatory networks (GRN) from temporal expression profiles. In general, the main limitations faced by GRN inference methods is the small number of samples with huge dimensionalities and the noisy nature of the expression measurements. In face of these lim...
computer science
12,926
I'm sorry to say, but your understanding of image processing fundamentals is absolutely wrong
cs.AI
The ongoing discussion whether modern vision systems have to be viewed as visually-enabled cognitive systems or cognitively-enabled vision systems is groundless, because perceptual and cognitive faculties of vision are separate components of human (and consequently, artificial) information processing system modeling.
computer science
12,927
Quantifying Creativity in Art Networks
cs.AI
Can we develop a computer algorithm that assesses the creativity of a painting given its context within art history? This paper proposes a novel computational framework for assessing the creativity of creative products, such as paintings, sculptures, poetry, etc. We use the most common definition of creativity, which e...
computer science
12,928
ShapeNet: An Information-Rich 3D Model Repository
cs.GR
We present ShapeNet: a richly-annotated, large-scale repository of shapes represented by 3D CAD models of objects. ShapeNet contains 3D models from a multitude of semantic categories and organizes them under the WordNet taxonomy. It is a collection of datasets providing many semantic annotations for each 3D model such ...
computer science
12,929
CAS-CNN: A Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Image Compression Artifact Suppression
cs.CV
Lossy image compression algorithms are pervasively used to reduce the size of images transmitted over the web and recorded on data storage media. However, we pay for their high compression rate with visual artifacts degrading the user experience. Deep convolutional neural networks have become a widespread tool to addre...
computer science
12,930
Beautiful and damned. Combined effect of content quality and social ties on user engagement
cs.SI
User participation in online communities is driven by the intertwinement of the social network structure with the crowd-generated content that flows along its links. These aspects are rarely explored jointly and at scale. By looking at how users generate and access pictures of varying beauty on Flickr, we investigate h...
computer science
12,931
Visually-Aware Fashion Recommendation and Design with Generative Image Models
cs.CV
Building effective recommender systems for domains like fashion is challenging due to the high level of subjectivity and the semantic complexity of the features involved (i.e., fashion styles). Recent work has shown that approaches to `visual' recommendation (e.g.~clothing, art, etc.) can be made more accurate by incor...
computer science
12,932
Learning audio and image representations with bio-inspired trainable feature extractors
cs.CV
Recent advancements in pattern recognition and signal processing concern the automatic learning of data representations from labeled training samples. Typical approaches are based on deep learning and convolutional neural networks, which require large amount of labeled training samples. In this work, we propose novel f...
computer science
12,933
Computationally efficient algorithms for statistical image processing. Implementation in R
stat.CO
In the series of our earlier papers on the subject, we proposed a novel statistical hypothesis testing method for detection of objects in noisy images. The method uses results from percolation theory and random graph theory. We developed algorithms that allowed to detect objects of unknown shapes in the presence of non...
computer science
12,934
Methods of Hierarchical Clustering
cs.IR
We survey agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithms and discuss efficient implementations that are available in R and other software environments. We look at hierarchical self-organizing maps, and mixture models. We review grid-based clustering, focusing on hierarchical density-based approaches. Finally we descr...
computer science
12,935
Highly comparative time-series analysis: The empirical structure of time series and their methods
cs.CV
The process of collecting and organizing sets of observations represents a common theme throughout the history of science. However, despite the ubiquity of scientists measuring, recording, and analyzing the dynamics of different processes, an extensive organization of scientific time-series data and analysis methods ha...
computer science
12,936
Adaptive-Rate Sparse Signal Reconstruction With Application in Compressive Background Subtraction
math.OC
We propose and analyze an online algorithm for reconstructing a sequence of signals from a limited number of linear measurements. The signals are assumed sparse, with unknown support, and evolve over time according to a generic nonlinear dynamical model. Our algorithm, based on recent theoretical results for $\ell_1$-$...
computer science
12,937
On Transitive Consistency for Linear Invertible Transformations between Euclidean Coordinate Systems
math.OC
Transitive consistency is an intrinsic property for collections of linear invertible transformations between Euclidean coordinate frames. In practice, when the transformations are estimated from data, this property is lacking. This work addresses the problem of synchronizing transformations that are not transitively co...
computer science
12,938
Complete Dictionary Recovery over the Sphere I: Overview and the Geometric Picture
cs.IT
We consider the problem of recovering a complete (i.e., square and invertible) matrix $\mathbf A_0$, from $\mathbf Y \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times p}$ with $\mathbf Y = \mathbf A_0 \mathbf X_0$, provided $\mathbf X_0$ is sufficiently sparse. This recovery problem is central to theoretical understanding of dictionary learnin...
computer science
12,939
Complete Dictionary Recovery over the Sphere II: Recovery by Riemannian Trust-region Method
cs.IT
We consider the problem of recovering a complete (i.e., square and invertible) matrix $\mathbf A_0$, from $\mathbf Y \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times p}$ with $\mathbf Y = \mathbf A_0 \mathbf X_0$, provided $\mathbf X_0$ is sufficiently sparse. This recovery problem is central to theoretical understanding of dictionary learnin...
computer science
12,940
High Accuracy Classification of Parkinson's Disease through Shape Analysis and Surface Fitting in $^{123}$I-Ioflupane SPECT Imaging
stat.AP
Early and accurate identification of parkinsonian syndromes (PS) involving presynaptic degeneration from non-degenerative variants such as Scans Without Evidence of Dopaminergic Deficit (SWEDD) and tremor disorders, is important for effective patient management as the course, therapy and prognosis differ substantially ...
computer science
12,941
Iteratively Linearized Reweighted Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers for a Class of Nonconvex Problems
cs.NA
In this paper, we consider solving a class of nonconvex and nonsmooth problems frequently appearing in signal processing and machine learning research. The traditional alternating direction method of multipliers encounters troubles in both mathematics and computations in solving the nonconvex and nonsmooth subproblem. ...
computer science
12,942
Towards a Universal Theory of Artificial Intelligence based on Algorithmic Probability and Sequential Decision Theory
cs.AI
Decision theory formally solves the problem of rational agents in uncertain worlds if the true environmental probability distribution is known. Solomonoff's theory of universal induction formally solves the problem of sequence prediction for unknown distribution. We unify both theories and give strong arguments that th...
computer science
12,943
On the Existence and Convergence Computable Universal Priors
cs.LG
Solomonoff unified Occam's razor and Epicurus' principle of multiple explanations to one elegant, formal, universal theory of inductive inference, which initiated the field of algorithmic information theory. His central result is that the posterior of his universal semimeasure M converges rapidly to the true sequence g...
computer science
12,944
On the Convergence Speed of MDL Predictions for Bernoulli Sequences
cs.LG
We consider the Minimum Description Length principle for online sequence prediction. If the underlying model class is discrete, then the total expected square loss is a particularly interesting performance measure: (a) this quantity is bounded, implying convergence with probability one, and (b) it additionally specifie...
computer science
12,945
Distributed Kernel Regression: An Algorithm for Training Collaboratively
cs.LG
This paper addresses the problem of distributed learning under communication constraints, motivated by distributed signal processing in wireless sensor networks and data mining with distributed databases. After formalizing a general model for distributed learning, an algorithm for collaboratively training regularized k...
computer science
12,946
Equivalence of LP Relaxation and Max-Product for Weighted Matching in General Graphs
cs.IT
Max-product belief propagation is a local, iterative algorithm to find the mode/MAP estimate of a probability distribution. While it has been successfully employed in a wide variety of applications, there are relatively few theoretical guarantees of convergence and correctness for general loopy graphs that may have man...
computer science
12,947
On Tsallis Entropy Bias and Generalized Maximum Entropy Models
cs.LG
In density estimation task, maximum entropy model (Maxent) can effectively use reliable prior information via certain constraints, i.e., linear constraints without empirical parameters. However, reliable prior information is often insufficient, and the selection of uncertain constraints becomes necessary but poses cons...
computer science
12,948
Collective Classification of Textual Documents by Guided Self-Organization in T-Cell Cross-Regulation Dynamics
cs.IR
We present and study an agent-based model of T-Cell cross-regulation in the adaptive immune system, which we apply to binary classification. Our method expands an existing analytical model of T-cell cross-regulation (Carneiro et al. in Immunol Rev 216(1):48-68, 2007) that was used to study the self-organizing dynamics ...
computer science
12,949
Counterfactual Reasoning and Learning Systems
cs.LG
This work shows how to leverage causal inference to understand the behavior of complex learning systems interacting with their environment and predict the consequences of changes to the system. Such predictions allow both humans and algorithms to select changes that improve both the short-term and long-term performance...
computer science
12,950
Probabilities on Sentences in an Expressive Logic
cs.LO
Automated reasoning about uncertain knowledge has many applications. One difficulty when developing such systems is the lack of a completely satisfactory integration of logic and probability. We address this problem directly. Expressive languages like higher-order logic are ideally suited for representing and reasoning...
computer science
12,951
HOL(y)Hammer: Online ATP Service for HOL Light
cs.AI
HOL(y)Hammer is an online AI/ATP service for formal (computer-understandable) mathematics encoded in the HOL Light system. The service allows its users to upload and automatically process an arbitrary formal development (project) based on HOL Light, and to attack arbitrary conjectures that use the concepts defined in s...
computer science
12,952
Safe Probability
stat.ME
We formalize the idea of probability distributions that lead to reliable predictions about some, but not all aspects of a domain. The resulting notion of `safety' provides a fresh perspective on foundational issues in statistics, providing a middle ground between imprecise probability and multiple-prior models on the o...
computer science
12,953
Decentralized Data Fusion and Active Sensing with Mobile Sensors for Modeling and Predicting Spatiotemporal Traffic Phenomena
cs.LG
The problem of modeling and predicting spatiotemporal traffic phenomena over an urban road network is important to many traffic applications such as detecting and forecasting congestion hotspots. This paper presents a decentralized data fusion and active sensing (D2FAS) algorithm for mobile sensors to actively explore ...
computer science
12,954
Cortical prediction markets
cs.AI
We investigate cortical learning from the perspective of mechanism design. First, we show that discretizing standard models of neurons and synaptic plasticity leads to rational agents maximizing simple scoring rules. Second, our main result is that the scoring rules are proper, implying that neurons faithfully encode e...
computer science
12,955
Highly comparative feature-based time-series classification
cs.LG
A highly comparative, feature-based approach to time series classification is introduced that uses an extensive database of algorithms to extract thousands of interpretable features from time series. These features are derived from across the scientific time-series analysis literature, and include summaries of time ser...
computer science
12,956
Rate of Convergence and Error Bounds for LSTD($λ$)
cs.LG
We consider LSTD($\lambda$), the least-squares temporal-difference algorithm with eligibility traces algorithm proposed by Boyan (2002). It computes a linear approximation of the value function of a fixed policy in a large Markov Decision Process. Under a $\beta$-mixing assumption, we derive, for any value of $\lambda ...
computer science
12,957
TACT: A Transfer Actor-Critic Learning Framework for Energy Saving in Cellular Radio Access Networks
cs.NI
Recent works have validated the possibility of improving energy efficiency in radio access networks (RANs), achieved by dynamically turning on/off some base stations (BSs). In this paper, we extend the research over BS switching operations, which should match up with traffic load variations. Instead of depending on the...
computer science
12,958
MizAR 40 for Mizar 40
cs.AI
As a present to Mizar on its 40th anniversary, we develop an AI/ATP system that in 30 seconds of real time on a 14-CPU machine automatically proves 40% of the theorems in the latest official version of the Mizar Mathematical Library (MML). This is a considerable improvement over previous performance of large- theory AI...
computer science
12,959
A Formal Methods Approach to Pattern Synthesis in Reaction Diffusion Systems
cs.AI
We propose a technique to detect and generate patterns in a network of locally interacting dynamical systems. Central to our approach is a novel spatial superposition logic, whose semantics is defined over the quad-tree of a partitioned image. We show that formulas in this logic can be efficiently learned from positive...
computer science
12,960
Private Disclosure of Information in Health Tele-monitoring
cs.CR
We present a novel framework, called Private Disclosure of Information (PDI), which is aimed to prevent an adversary from inferring certain sensitive information about subjects using the data that they disclosed during communication with an intended recipient. We show cases where it is possible to achieve perfect priva...
computer science
12,961
Self-Learning Cloud Controllers: Fuzzy Q-Learning for Knowledge Evolution
cs.SY
Cloud controllers aim at responding to application demands by automatically scaling the compute resources at runtime to meet performance guarantees and minimize resource costs. Existing cloud controllers often resort to scaling strategies that are codified as a set of adaptation rules. However, for a cloud provider, ap...
computer science
12,962
Robust Learning of Fixed-Structure Bayesian Networks
cs.DS
We investigate the problem of learning Bayesian networks in an agnostic model where an $\epsilon$-fraction of the samples are adversarially corrupted. Our agnostic learning model is similar to -- in fact, stronger than -- Huber's contamination model in robust statistics. In this work, we study the fully observable Bern...
computer science
12,963
Mammalian Value Systems
cs.AI
Characterizing human values is a topic deeply interwoven with the sciences, humanities, art, and many other human endeavors. In recent years, a number of thinkers have argued that accelerating trends in computer science, cognitive science, and related disciplines foreshadow the creation of intelligent machines which me...
computer science
12,964
Spectral learning of dynamic systems from nonequilibrium data
cs.LG
Observable operator models (OOMs) and related models are one of the most important and powerful tools for modeling and analyzing stochastic systems. They exactly describe dynamics of finite-rank systems and can be efficiently and consistently estimated through spectral learning under the assumption of identically distr...
computer science
12,965
Learn&Fuzz: Machine Learning for Input Fuzzing
cs.AI
Fuzzing consists of repeatedly testing an application with modified, or fuzzed, inputs with the goal of finding security vulnerabilities in input-parsing code. In this paper, we show how to automate the generation of an input grammar suitable for input fuzzing using sample inputs and neural-network-based statistical ma...
computer science
12,966
Robust Budget Allocation via Continuous Submodular Functions
cs.LG
The optimal allocation of resources for maximizing influence, spread of information or coverage, has gained attention in the past years, in particular in machine learning and data mining. But in applications, the parameters of the problem are rarely known exactly, and using wrong parameters can lead to undesirable outc...
computer science
12,967
Guarantees for Greedy Maximization of Non-submodular Functions with Applications
cs.DM
We investigate the performance of the standard Greedy algorithm for cardinality constrained maximization of non-submodular nondecreasing set functions. While there are strong theoretical guarantees on the performance of Greedy for maximizing submodular functions, there are few guarantees for non-submodular ones. Howeve...
computer science
12,968
A Novel Experimental Platform for In-Vessel Multi-Chemical Molecular Communications
cs.ET
This work presents a new multi-chemical experimental platform for molecular communication where the transmitter can release different chemicals. This platform is designed to be inexpensive and accessible, and it can be expanded to simulate different environments including the cardiovascular system and complex network o...
computer science
12,969
Optimization by a quantum reinforcement algorithm
cs.AI
A reinforcement algorithm solves a classical optimization problem by introducing a feedback to the system which slowly changes the energy landscape and converges the algorithm to an optimal solution in the configuration space. Here, we use this strategy to concentrate (localize) preferentially the wave function of a qu...
computer science
12,970
Fairness Testing: Testing Software for Discrimination
cs.SE
This paper defines software fairness and discrimination and develops a testing-based method for measuring if and how much software discriminates, focusing on causality in discriminatory behavior. Evidence of software discrimination has been found in modern software systems that recommend criminal sentences, grant acces...
computer science
12,971
Learners that Use Little Information
cs.LG
We study learning algorithms that are restricted to using a small amount of information from their input sample. We introduce a category of learning algorithms we term $d$-bit information learners, which are algorithms whose output conveys at most $d$ bits of information of their input. A central theme in this work is ...
computer science
12,972
Discovering More Precise Process Models from Event Logs by Filtering Out Chaotic Activities
cs.DB
Process Discovery is concerned with the automatic generation of a process model that describes a business process from execution data of that business process. Real life event logs can contain chaotic activities. These activities are independent of the state of the process and can, therefore, happen at rather arbitrary...
computer science
12,973
PFAx: Predictable Feature Analysis to Perform Control
cs.LG
Predictable Feature Analysis (PFA) (Richthofer, Wiskott, ICMLA 2015) is an algorithm that performs dimensionality reduction on high dimensional input signal. It extracts those subsignals that are most predictable according to a certain prediction model. We refer to these extracted signals as predictable features. In ...
computer science
12,974
Inverse Reinforcement Learning for Marketing
cs.AI
Learning customer preferences from an observed behaviour is an important topic in the marketing literature. Structural models typically model forward-looking customers or firms as utility-maximizing agents whose utility is estimated using methods of Stochastic Optimal Control. We suggest an alternative approach to stud...
computer science
12,975
DataBright: Towards a Global Exchange for Decentralized Data Ownership and Trusted Computation
cs.ET
It is safe to assume that, for the foreseeable future, machine learning, especially deep learning will remain both data- and computation-hungry. In this paper, we ask: Can we build a global exchange where everyone can contribute computation and data to train the next generation of machine learning applications? We pr...
computer science
12,976
A Geometric Method to Obtain the Generation Probability of a Sentence
cs.CL
"How to generate a sentence" is the most critical and difficult problem in all the natural language processing technologies. In this paper, we present a new approach to explain the generation process of a sentence from the perspective of mathematics. Our method is based on the premise that in our brain a sentence is a ...
computer science
12,977
The Loss Rank Principle for Model Selection
math.ST
We introduce a new principle for model selection in regression and classification. Many regression models are controlled by some smoothness or flexibility or complexity parameter c, e.g. the number of neighbors to be averaged over in k nearest neighbor (kNN) regression or the polynomial degree in regression with polyno...
computer science
12,978
Getting started in probabilistic graphical models
cs.LG
Probabilistic graphical models (PGMs) have become a popular tool for computational analysis of biological data in a variety of domains. But, what exactly are they and how do they work? How can we use PGMs to discover patterns that are biologically relevant? And to what extent can PGMs help us formulate new hypotheses t...
computer science
12,979
Decoding Beta-Decay Systematics: A Global Statistical Model for Beta^- Halflives
cs.LG
Statistical modeling of nuclear data provides a novel approach to nuclear systematics complementary to established theoretical and phenomenological approaches based on quantum theory. Continuing previous studies in which global statistical modeling is pursued within the general framework of machine learning theory, we ...
computer science
12,980
A survey of statistical network models
stat.ME
Networks are ubiquitous in science and have become a focal point for discussion in everyday life. Formal statistical models for the analysis of network data have emerged as a major topic of interest in diverse areas of study, and most of these involve a form of graphical representation. Probability models on graphs dat...
computer science
12,981
Smoothing proximal gradient method for general structured sparse regression
stat.ML
We study the problem of estimating high-dimensional regression models regularized by a structured sparsity-inducing penalty that encodes prior structural information on either the input or output variables. We consider two widely adopted types of penalties of this kind as motivating examples: (1) the general overlappin...
computer science
12,982
Tight Sample Complexity of Large-Margin Learning
cs.LG
We obtain a tight distribution-specific characterization of the sample complexity of large-margin classification with L_2 regularization: We introduce the \gamma-adapted-dimension, which is a simple function of the spectrum of a distribution's covariance matrix, and show distribution-specific upper and lower bounds on ...
computer science
12,983
Sparse Bayesian Methods for Low-Rank Matrix Estimation
stat.ML
Recovery of low-rank matrices has recently seen significant activity in many areas of science and engineering, motivated by recent theoretical results for exact reconstruction guarantees and interesting practical applications. A number of methods have been developed for this recovery problem. However, a principled meth...
computer science
12,984
Collaborative Filtering via Group-Structured Dictionary Learning
math.OC
Structured sparse coding and the related structured dictionary learning problems are novel research areas in machine learning. In this paper we present a new application of structured dictionary learning for collaborative filtering based recommender systems. Our extensive numerical experiments demonstrate that the pres...
computer science
12,985
Identification of relevant subtypes via preweighted sparse clustering
stat.ME
Cluster analysis methods are used to identify homogeneous subgroups in a data set. In biomedical applications, one frequently applies cluster analysis in order to identify biologically interesting subgroups. In particular, one may wish to identify subgroups that are associated with a particular outcome of interest. Con...
computer science
12,986
Spectral Compressed Sensing via Structured Matrix Completion
cs.IT
The paper studies the problem of recovering a spectrally sparse object from a small number of time domain samples. Specifically, the object of interest with ambient dimension $n$ is assumed to be a mixture of $r$ complex multi-dimensional sinusoids, while the underlying frequencies can assume any value in the unit disk...
computer science
12,987
Multiclass Semi-Supervised Learning on Graphs using Ginzburg-Landau Functional Minimization
stat.ML
We present a graph-based variational algorithm for classification of high-dimensional data, generalizing the binary diffuse interface model to the case of multiple classes. Motivated by total variation techniques, the method involves minimizing an energy functional made up of three terms. The first two terms promote a ...
computer science
12,988
A Randomized Nonmonotone Block Proximal Gradient Method for a Class of Structured Nonlinear Programming
math.OC
We propose a randomized nonmonotone block proximal gradient (RNBPG) method for minimizing the sum of a smooth (possibly nonconvex) function and a block-separable (possibly nonconvex nonsmooth) function. At each iteration, this method randomly picks a block according to any prescribed probability distribution and solves...
computer science
12,989
Understanding the Predictive Power of Computational Mechanics and Echo State Networks in Social Media
cs.SI
There is a large amount of interest in understanding users of social media in order to predict their behavior in this space. Despite this interest, user predictability in social media is not well-understood. To examine this question, we consider a network of fifteen thousand users on Twitter over a seven week period. W...
computer science
12,990
Distributed Matrix Completion and Robust Factorization
cs.LG
If learning methods are to scale to the massive sizes of modern datasets, it is essential for the field of machine learning to embrace parallel and distributed computing. Inspired by the recent development of matrix factorization methods with rich theory but poor computational complexity and by the relative ease of map...
computer science
12,991
Compressive Network Analysis
stat.ML
Modern data acquisition routinely produces massive amounts of network data. Though many methods and models have been proposed to analyze such data, the research of network data is largely disconnected with the classical theory of statistical learning and signal processing. In this paper, we present a new framework for ...
computer science
12,992
Bayesian Analysis for miRNA and mRNA Interactions Using Expression Data
stat.AP
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules composed of 19-22 nt, which play important regulatory roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation by inhibiting the translation of the mRNA into proteins or otherwise cleaving the target mRNA. Inferring miRNA targets provides useful information for understanding the roles of...
computer science
12,993
Mean-Field Learning: a Survey
cs.LG
In this paper we study iterative procedures for stationary equilibria in games with large number of players. Most of learning algorithms for games with continuous action spaces are limited to strict contraction best reply maps in which the Banach-Picard iteration converges with geometrical convergence rate. When the be...
computer science
12,994
High quality topic extraction from business news explains abnormal financial market volatility
stat.ML
Understanding the mutual relationships between information flows and social activity in society today is one of the cornerstones of the social sciences. In financial economics, the key issue in this regard is understanding and quantifying how news of all possible types (geopolitical, environmental, social, financial, e...
computer science
12,995
Enhancing the functional content of protein interaction networks
cs.CE
Protein interaction networks are a promising type of data for studying complex biological systems. However, despite the rich information embedded in these networks, they face important data quality challenges of noise and incompleteness that adversely affect the results obtained from their analysis. Here, we explore th...
computer science
12,996
Convex Total Least Squares
stat.ML
We study the total least squares (TLS) problem that generalizes least squares regression by allowing measurement errors in both dependent and independent variables. TLS is widely used in applied fields including computer vision, system identification and econometrics. The special case when all dependent and independent...
computer science
12,997
Inference of Sparse Networks with Unobserved Variables. Application to Gene Regulatory Networks
stat.ML
Networks are a unifying framework for modeling complex systems and network inference problems are frequently encountered in many fields. Here, I develop and apply a generative approach to network inference (RCweb) for the case when the network is sparse and the latent (not observed) variables affect the observed ones. ...
computer science
12,998
Supervised classification-based stock prediction and portfolio optimization
cs.CE
As the number of publicly traded companies as well as the amount of their financial data grows rapidly, it is highly desired to have tracking, analysis, and eventually stock selections automated. There have been few works focusing on estimating the stock prices of individual companies. However, many of those have worke...
computer science
12,999
Fast and Flexible ADMM Algorithms for Trend Filtering
stat.ML
This paper presents a fast and robust algorithm for trend filtering, a recently developed nonparametric regression tool. It has been shown that, for estimating functions whose derivatives are of bounded variation, trend filtering achieves the minimax optimal error rate, while other popular methods like smoothing spline...
computer science
13,000
Rows vs Columns for Linear Systems of Equations - Randomized Kaczmarz or Coordinate Descent?
math.OC
This paper is about randomized iterative algorithms for solving a linear system of equations $X \beta = y$ in different settings. Recent interest in the topic was reignited when Strohmer and Vershynin (2009) proved the linear convergence rate of a Randomized Kaczmarz (RK) algorithm that works on the rows of $X$ (data p...
computer science
13,001
Causality Networks
cs.LG
While correlation measures are used to discern statistical relationships between observed variables in almost all branches of data-driven scientific inquiry, what we are really interested in is the existence of causal dependence. Designing an efficient causality test, that may be carried out in the absence of restricti...
computer science