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15,302
Semantic Measures for the Comparison of Units of Language, Concepts or Instances from Text and Knowledge Base Analysis
cs.CL
Semantic measures are widely used today to estimate the strength of the semantic relationship between elements of various types: units of language (e.g., words, sentences, documents), concepts or even instances semantically characterized (e.g., diseases, genes, geographical locations). Semantic measures play an importa...
computer science
15,303
A State of the Art of Word Sense Induction: A Way Towards Word Sense Disambiguation for Under-Resourced Languages
cs.CL
Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD), the process of automatically identifying the meaning of a polysemous word in a sentence, is a fundamental task in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Progress in this approach to WSD opens up many promising developments in the field of NLP and its applications. Indeed, improvement over c...
computer science
15,304
Local Feature or Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients - Which One is Better for MLN-Based Bangla Speech Recognition?
cs.CL
This paper discusses the dominancy of local features (LFs), as input to the multilayer neural network (MLN), extracted from a Bangla input speech over mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs). Here, LF-based method comprises three stages: (i) LF extraction from input speech, (ii) phoneme probabilities extraction usi...
computer science
15,305
Evolution of the Modern Phase of Written Bangla: A Statistical Study
cs.CL
Active languages such as Bangla (or Bengali) evolve over time due to a variety of social, cultural, economic, and political issues. In this paper, we analyze the change in the written form of the modern phase of Bangla quantitatively in terms of character-level, syllable-level, morpheme-level and word-level features. W...
computer science
15,306
Named entity recognition using conditional random fields with non-local relational constraints
cs.CL
We begin by introducing the Computer Science branch of Natural Language Processing, then narrowing the attention on its subbranch of Information Extraction and particularly on Named Entity Recognition, discussing briefly its main methodological approaches. It follows an introduction to state-of-the-art Conditional Rand...
computer science
15,307
ARKref: a rule-based coreference resolution system
cs.CL
ARKref is a tool for noun phrase coreference. It is a deterministic, rule-based system that uses syntactic information from a constituent parser, and semantic information from an entity recognition component. Its architecture is based on the work of Haghighi and Klein (2009). ARKref was originally written in 2009. At t...
computer science
15,308
Description and Evaluation of Semantic Similarity Measures Approaches
cs.CL
In recent years, semantic similarity measure has a great interest in Semantic Web and Natural Language Processing (NLP). Several similarity measures have been developed, being given the existence of a structured knowledge representation offered by ontologies and corpus which enable semantic interpretation of terms. Sem...
computer science
15,309
A Comparative Study on Linguistic Feature Selection in Sentiment Polarity Classification
cs.CL
Sentiment polarity classification is perhaps the most widely studied topic. It classifies an opinionated document as expressing a positive or negative opinion. In this paper, using movie review dataset, we perform a comparative study with different single kind linguistic features and the combinations of these features....
computer science
15,310
Using Robust PCA to estimate regional characteristics of language use from geo-tagged Twitter messages
cs.CL
Principal component analysis (PCA) and related techniques have been successfully employed in natural language processing. Text mining applications in the age of the online social media (OSM) face new challenges due to properties specific to these use cases (e.g. spelling issues specific to texts posted by users, the pr...
computer science
15,311
Identifying Purpose Behind Electoral Tweets
cs.CL
Tweets pertaining to a single event, such as a national election, can number in the hundreds of millions. Automatically analyzing them is beneficial in many downstream natural language applications such as question answering and summarization. In this paper, we propose a new task: identifying the purpose behind elector...
computer science
15,312
Authorship Attribution Using Word Network Features
cs.CL
In this paper, we explore a set of novel features for authorship attribution of documents. These features are derived from a word network representation of natural language text. As has been noted in previous studies, natural language tends to show complex network structure at word level, with low degrees of separation...
computer science
15,313
Cornell SPF: Cornell Semantic Parsing Framework
cs.CL
The Cornell Semantic Parsing Framework (SPF) is a learning and inference framework for mapping natural language to formal representation of its meaning.
computer science
15,314
HEVAL: Yet Another Human Evaluation Metric
cs.CL
Machine translation evaluation is a very important activity in machine translation development. Automatic evaluation metrics proposed in literature are inadequate as they require one or more human reference translations to compare them with output produced by machine translation. This does not always give accurate resu...
computer science
15,315
Automatic Ranking of MT Outputs using Approximations
cs.CL
Since long, research on machine translation has been ongoing. Still, we do not get good translations from MT engines so developed. Manual ranking of these outputs tends to be very time consuming and expensive. Identifying which one is better or worse than the others is a very taxing task. In this paper, we show an appr...
computer science
15,316
Build Electronic Arabic Lexicon
cs.CL
There are many known Arabic lexicons organized on different ways, each of them has a different number of Arabic words according to its organization way. This paper has used mathematical relations to count a number of Arabic words, which proofs the number of Arabic words presented by Al Farahidy. The paper also presents...
computer science
15,317
A Short Introduction to NILE
cs.CL
In this paper, we briefly introduce the Narrative Information Linear Extraction (NILE) system, a natural language processing library for clinical narratives. NILE is an experiment of our ideas on efficient and effective medical language processing. We introduce the overall design of NILE and its major components, and s...
computer science
15,318
Learning Semantic Representations for the Phrase Translation Model
cs.CL
This paper presents a novel semantic-based phrase translation model. A pair of source and target phrases are projected into continuous-valued vector representations in a low-dimensional latent semantic space, where their translation score is computed by the distance between the pair in this new space. The projection is...
computer science
15,319
Towards Structural Natural Language Formalization: Mapping Discourse to Controlled Natural Language
cs.CL
The author describes a conceptual study towards mapping grounded natural language discourse representation structures to instances of controlled language statements. This can be achieved via a pipeline of preexisting state of the art technologies, namely natural language syntax to semantic discourse mapping, and a redu...
computer science
15,320
One Billion Word Benchmark for Measuring Progress in Statistical Language Modeling
cs.CL
We propose a new benchmark corpus to be used for measuring progress in statistical language modeling. With almost one billion words of training data, we hope this benchmark will be useful to quickly evaluate novel language modeling techniques, and to compare their contribution when combined with other advanced techniqu...
computer science
15,321
Semantic Types, Lexical Sorts and Classifiers
cs.CL
We propose a cognitively and linguistically motivated set of sorts for lexical semantics in a compositional setting: the classifiers in languages that do have such pronouns. These sorts are needed to include lexical considerations in a semantical analyser such as Boxer or Grail. Indeed, all proposed lexical extensions ...
computer science
15,322
Towards The Development of a Bishnupriya Manipuri Corpus
cs.CL
For any deep computational processing of language we need evidences, and one such set of evidences is corpus. This paper describes the development of a text-based corpus for the Bishnupriya Manipuri language. A Corpus is considered as a building block for any language processing tasks. Due to the lack of awareness like...
computer science
15,323
Implicit Sensitive Text Summarization based on Data Conveyed by Connectives
cs.CL
So far and trying to reach human capabilities, research in automatic summarization has been based on hypothesis that are both enabling and limiting. Some of these limitations are: how to take into account and reflect (in the generated summary) the implicit information conveyed in the text, the author intention, the rea...
computer science
15,324
Deep Learning Embeddings for Discontinuous Linguistic Units
cs.CL
Deep learning embeddings have been successfully used for many natural language processing problems. Embeddings are mostly computed for word forms although a number of recent papers have extended this to other linguistic units like morphemes and phrases. In this paper, we argue that learning embeddings for discontinuous...
computer science
15,325
Distributional Models and Deep Learning Embeddings: Combining the Best of Both Worlds
cs.CL
There are two main approaches to the distributed representation of words: low-dimensional deep learning embeddings and high-dimensional distributional models, in which each dimension corresponds to a context word. In this paper, we combine these two approaches by learning embeddings based on distributional-model vector...
computer science
15,326
Multilingual Distributed Representations without Word Alignment
cs.CL
Distributed representations of meaning are a natural way to encode covariance relationships between words and phrases in NLP. By overcoming data sparsity problems, as well as providing information about semantic relatedness which is not available in discrete representations, distributed representations have proven usef...
computer science
15,327
Quality Estimation of English-Hindi Outputs using Naive Bayes Classifier
cs.CL
In this paper we present an approach for estimating the quality of machine translation system. There are various methods for estimating the quality of output sentences, but in this paper we focus on Na\"ive Bayes classifier to build model using features which are extracted from the input sentences. These features are u...
computer science
15,328
Evaluation and Ranking of Machine Translated Output in Hindi Language using Precision and Recall Oriented Metrics
cs.CL
Evaluation plays a crucial role in development of Machine translation systems. In order to judge the quality of an existing MT system i.e. if the translated output is of human translation quality or not, various automatic metrics exist. We here present the implementation results of different metrics when used on Hindi ...
computer science
15,329
Intégration des données d'un lexique syntaxique dans un analyseur syntaxique probabiliste
cs.CL
This article reports the evaluation of the integration of data from a syntactic-semantic lexicon, the Lexicon-Grammar of French, into a syntactic parser. We show that by changing the set of labels for verbs and predicational nouns, we can improve the performance on French of a non-lexicalized probabilistic parser.
computer science
15,330
Extracting a bilingual semantic grammar from FrameNet-annotated corpora
cs.CL
We present the creation of an English-Swedish FrameNet-based grammar in Grammatical Framework. The aim of this research is to make existing framenets computationally accessible for multilingual natural language applications via a common semantic grammar API, and to facilitate the porting of such grammar to other langua...
computer science
15,331
A Convolutional Neural Network for Modelling Sentences
cs.CL
The ability to accurately represent sentences is central to language understanding. We describe a convolutional architecture dubbed the Dynamic Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) that we adopt for the semantic modelling of sentences. The network uses Dynamic k-Max Pooling, a global pooling operation over linear sequen...
computer science
15,332
Overview of Stemming Algorithms for Indian and Non-Indian Languages
cs.CL
Stemming is a pre-processing step in Text Mining applications as well as a very common requirement of Natural Language processing functions. Stemming is the process for reducing inflected words to their stem. The main purpose of stemming is to reduce different grammatical forms / word forms of a word like its noun, adj...
computer science
15,333
A Generalized Language Model as the Combination of Skipped n-grams and Modified Kneser-Ney Smoothing
cs.CL
We introduce a novel approach for building language models based on a systematic, recursive exploration of skip n-gram models which are interpolated using modified Kneser-Ney smoothing. Our approach generalizes language models as it contains the classical interpolation with lower order models as a special case. In this...
computer science
15,334
Meta-evaluation of comparability metrics using parallel corpora
cs.CL
Metrics for measuring the comparability of corpora or texts need to be developed and evaluated systematically. Applications based on a corpus, such as training Statistical MT systems in specialised narrow domains, require finding a reasonable balance between the size of the corpus and its consistency, with controlled a...
computer science
15,335
Assessing the Quality of MT Systems for Hindi to English Translation
cs.CL
Evaluation plays a vital role in checking the quality of MT output. It is done either manually or automatically. Manual evaluation is very time consuming and subjective, hence use of automatic metrics is done most of the times. This paper evaluates the translation quality of different MT Engines for Hindi-English (Hind...
computer science
15,336
An Empirical Comparison of Parsing Methods for Stanford Dependencies
cs.CL
Stanford typed dependencies are a widely desired representation of natural language sentences, but parsing is one of the major computational bottlenecks in text analysis systems. In light of the evolving definition of the Stanford dependencies and developments in statistical dependency parsing algorithms, this paper re...
computer science
15,337
The First Parallel Multilingual Corpus of Persian: Toward a Persian BLARK
cs.CL
In this article, we have introduced the first parallel corpus of Persian with more than 10 other European languages. This article describes primary steps toward preparing a Basic Language Resources Kit (BLARK) for Persian. Up to now, we have proposed morphosyntactic specification of Persian based on EAGLE/MULTEXT guide...
computer science
15,338
Multilingual Models for Compositional Distributed Semantics
cs.CL
We present a novel technique for learning semantic representations, which extends the distributional hypothesis to multilingual data and joint-space embeddings. Our models leverage parallel data and learn to strongly align the embeddings of semantically equivalent sentences, while maintaining sufficient distance betwee...
computer science
15,339
Radical-Enhanced Chinese Character Embedding
cs.CL
We present a method to leverage radical for learning Chinese character embedding. Radical is a semantic and phonetic component of Chinese character. It plays an important role as characters with the same radical usually have similar semantic meaning and grammatical usage. However, existing Chinese processing algorithms...
computer science
15,340
Challenges in Persian Electronic Text Analysis
cs.CL
Farsi, also known as Persian, is the official language of Iran and Tajikistan and one of the two main languages spoken in Afghanistan. Farsi enjoys a unified Arabic script as its writing system. In this paper we briefly introduce the writing standards of Farsi and highlight problems one would face when analyzing Farsi ...
computer science
15,341
The Frobenius anatomy of word meanings I: subject and object relative pronouns
cs.CL
This paper develops a compositional vector-based semantics of subject and object relative pronouns within a categorical framework. Frobenius algebras are used to formalise the operations required to model the semantics of relative pronouns, including passing information between the relative clause and the modified noun...
computer science
15,342
Morphological Analysis of the Bishnupriya Manipuri Language using Finite State Transducers
cs.CL
In this work we present a morphological analysis of Bishnupriya Manipuri language, an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the north eastern India. As of now, there is no computational work available for the language. Finite state morphology is one of the successful approaches applied in a wide variety of languages over the y...
computer science
15,343
Lexicon Infused Phrase Embeddings for Named Entity Resolution
cs.CL
Most state-of-the-art approaches for named-entity recognition (NER) use semi supervised information in the form of word clusters and lexicons. Recently neural network-based language models have been explored, as they as a byproduct generate highly informative vector representations for words, known as word embeddings. ...
computer science
15,344
Reconstructing Native Language Typology from Foreign Language Usage
cs.CL
Linguists and psychologists have long been studying cross-linguistic transfer, the influence of native language properties on linguistic performance in a foreign language. In this work we provide empirical evidence for this process in the form of a strong correlation between language similarities derived from structura...
computer science
15,345
A Deep Architecture for Semantic Parsing
cs.CL
Many successful approaches to semantic parsing build on top of the syntactic analysis of text, and make use of distributional representations or statistical models to match parses to ontology-specific queries. This paper presents a novel deep learning architecture which provides a semantic parsing system through the un...
computer science
15,346
Les noms propres se traduisent-ils ? Étude d'un corpus multilingue
cs.CL
In this paper, we tackle the problem of the translation of proper names. We introduce our hypothesis according to which proper names can be translated more often than most people seem to think. Then, we describe the construction of a parallel multilingual corpus used to illustrate our point. We eventually evaluate both...
computer science
15,347
Inter-Rater Agreement Study on Readability Assessment in Bengali
cs.CL
An inter-rater agreement study is performed for readability assessment in Bengali. A 1-7 rating scale was used to indicate different levels of readability. We obtained moderate to fair agreement among seven independent annotators on 30 text passages written by four eminent Bengali authors. As a by product of our study,...
computer science
15,348
Assamese-English Bilingual Machine Translation
cs.CL
Machine translation is the process of translating text from one language to another. In this paper, Statistical Machine Translation is done on Assamese and English language by taking their respective parallel corpus. A statistical phrase based translation toolkit Moses is used here. To develop the language model and to...
computer science
15,349
Quality Estimation Of Machine Translation Outputs Through Stemming
cs.CL
Machine Translation is the challenging problem for Indian languages. Every day we can see some machine translators being developed, but getting a high quality automatic translation is still a very distant dream . The correct translated sentence for Hindi language is rarely found. In this paper, we are emphasizing on En...
computer science
15,350
A Survey of Named Entity Recognition in Assamese and other Indian Languages
cs.CL
Named Entity Recognition is always important when dealing with major Natural Language Processing tasks such as information extraction, question-answering, machine translation, document summarization etc so in this paper we put forward a survey of Named Entities in Indian Languages with particular reference to Assamese....
computer science
15,351
Hidden Markov Model Based Part of Speech Tagger for Sinhala Language
cs.CL
In this paper we present a fundamental lexical semantics of Sinhala language and a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based Part of Speech (POS) Tagger for Sinhala language. In any Natural Language processing task, Part of Speech is a very vital topic, which involves analysing of the construction, behaviour and the dynamics of ...
computer science
15,352
Substitute Based SCODE Word Embeddings in Supervised NLP Tasks
cs.CL
We analyze a word embedding method in supervised tasks. It maps words on a sphere such that words co-occurring in similar contexts lie closely. The similarity of contexts is measured by the distribution of substitutes that can fill them. We compared word embeddings, including more recent representations, in Named Entit...
computer science
15,353
Two-pass Discourse Segmentation with Pairing and Global Features
cs.CL
Previous attempts at RST-style discourse segmentation typically adopt features centered on a single token to predict whether to insert a boundary before that token. In contrast, we develop a discourse segmenter utilizing a set of pairing features, which are centered on a pair of adjacent tokens in the sentence, by equa...
computer science
15,354
Empirical Evaluation of Tree distances for Parser Evaluation
cs.CL
In this empirical study, I compare various tree distance measures -- originally developed in computational biology for the purpose of tree comparison -- for the purpose of parser evaluation. I will control for the parser setting by comparing the automatically generated parse trees from the state-of-the-art parser Charn...
computer science
15,355
An NLP Assistant for Clide
cs.CL
This report describes an NLP assistant for the collaborative development environment Clide, that supports the development of NLP applications by providing easy access to some common NLP data structures. The assistant visualizes text fragments and their dependencies by displaying the semantic graph of a sentence, the co...
computer science
15,356
A Study of Association Measures and their Combination for Arabic MWT Extraction
cs.CL
Automatic Multi-Word Term (MWT) extraction is a very important issue to many applications, such as information retrieval, question answering, and text categorization. Although many methods have been used for MWT extraction in English and other European languages, few studies have been applied to Arabic. In this paper, ...
computer science
15,357
Word Sense Disambiguation using WSD specific Wordnet of Polysemy Words
cs.CL
This paper presents a new model of WordNet that is used to disambiguate the correct sense of polysemy word based on the clue words. The related words for each sense of a polysemy word as well as single sense word are referred to as the clue words. The conventional WordNet organizes nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs ...
computer science
15,358
Incorporating Semi-supervised Features into Discontinuous Easy-First Constituent Parsing
cs.CL
This paper describes adaptations for EaFi, a parser for easy-first parsing of discontinuous constituents, to adapt it to multiple languages as well as make use of the unlabeled data that was provided as part of the SPMRL shared task 2014.
computer science
15,359
An Algorithm Based on Empirical Methods, for Text-to-Tuneful-Speech Synthesis of Sanskrit Verse
cs.CL
The rendering of Sanskrit poetry from text to speech is a problem that has not been solved before. One reason may be the complications in the language itself. We present unique algorithms based on extensive empirical analysis, to synthesize speech from a given text input of Sanskrit verses. Using a pre-recorded audio u...
computer science
15,360
A Binary Schema and Computational Algorithms to Process Vowel-based Euphonic Conjunctions for Word Searches
cs.CL
Comprehensively searching for words in Sanskrit E-text is a non-trivial problem because words could change their forms in different contexts. One such context is sandhi or euphonic conjunctions, which cause a word to change owing to the presence of adjacent letters or words. The change wrought by these possible conjunc...
computer science
15,361
Computational Algorithms Based on the Paninian System to Process Euphonic Conjunctions for Word Searches
cs.CL
Searching for words in Sanskrit E-text is a problem that is accompanied by complexities introduced by features of Sanskrit such as euphonic conjunctions or sandhis. A word could occur in an E-text in a transformed form owing to the operation of rules of sandhi. Simple word search would not yield these transformed forms...
computer science
15,362
Lexical Normalisation of Twitter Data
cs.CL
Twitter with over 500 million users globally, generates over 100,000 tweets per minute . The 140 character limit per tweet, perhaps unintentionally, encourages users to use shorthand notations and to strip spellings to their bare minimum "syllables" or elisions e.g. "srsly". The analysis of twitter messages which typic...
computer science
15,363
Using crowdsourcing system for creating site-specific statistical machine translation engine
cs.CL
A crowdsourcing translation approach is an effective tool for globalization of site content, but it is also an important source of parallel linguistic data. For the given site, processed with a crowdsourcing system, a sentence-aligned corpus can be fetched, which covers a very narrow domain of terminology and language ...
computer science
15,364
Performance of Stanford and Minipar Parser on Biomedical Texts
cs.CL
In this paper, the performance of two dependency parsers, namely Stanford and Minipar, on biomedical texts has been reported. The performance of te parsers to assignm dependencies between two biomedical concepts that are already proved to be connected is not satisfying. Both Stanford and Minipar, being statistical pars...
computer science
15,365
Generating Conceptual Metaphors from Proposition Stores
cs.CL
Contemporary research on computational processing of linguistic metaphors is divided into two main branches: metaphor recognition and metaphor interpretation. We take a different line of research and present an automated method for generating conceptual metaphors from linguistic data. Given the generated conceptual met...
computer science
15,366
CRF-based Named Entity Recognition @ICON 2013
cs.CL
This paper describes performance of CRF based systems for Named Entity Recognition (NER) in Indian language as a part of ICON 2013 shared task. In this task we have considered a set of language independent features for all the languages. Only for English a language specific feature, i.e. capitalization, has been added....
computer science
15,367
Improving the Performance of English-Tamil Statistical Machine Translation System using Source-Side Pre-Processing
cs.CL
Machine Translation is one of the major oldest and the most active research area in Natural Language Processing. Currently, Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) dominates the Machine Translation research. Statistical Machine Translation is an approach to Machine Translation which uses models to learn translation patte...
computer science
15,368
LAF-Fabric: a data analysis tool for Linguistic Annotation Framework with an application to the Hebrew Bible
cs.CL
The Linguistic Annotation Framework (LAF) provides a general, extensible stand-off markup system for corpora. This paper discusses LAF-Fabric, a new tool to analyse LAF resources in general with an extension to process the Hebrew Bible in particular. We first walk through the history of the Hebrew Bible as text databas...
computer science
15,369
A Morphological Analyzer for Japanese Nouns, Verbs and Adjectives
cs.CL
We present an open source morphological analyzer for Japanese nouns, verbs and adjectives. The system builds upon the morphological analyzing capabilities of MeCab to incorporate finer details of classification such as politeness, tense, mood and voice attributes. We implemented our analyzer in the form of a finite sta...
computer science
15,370
Not All Neural Embeddings are Born Equal
cs.CL
Neural language models learn word representations that capture rich linguistic and conceptual information. Here we investigate the embeddings learned by neural machine translation models. We show that translation-based embeddings outperform those learned by cutting-edge monolingual models at single-language tasks requi...
computer science
15,371
Corpora Preparation and Stopword List Generation for Arabic data in Social Network
cs.CL
This paper proposes a methodology to prepare corpora in Arabic language from online social network (OSN) and review site for Sentiment Analysis (SA) task. The paper also proposes a methodology for generating a stopword list from the prepared corpora. The aim of the paper is to investigate the effect of removing stopwor...
computer science
15,372
Contrastive Unsupervised Word Alignment with Non-Local Features
cs.CL
Word alignment is an important natural language processing task that indicates the correspondence between natural languages. Recently, unsupervised learning of log-linear models for word alignment has received considerable attention as it combines the merits of generative and discriminative approaches. However, a major...
computer science
15,373
Language-based Examples in the Statistics Classroom
cs.CL
Statistics pedagogy values using a variety of examples. Thanks to text resources on the Web, and since statistical packages have the ability to analyze string data, it is now easy to use language-based examples in a statistics class. Three such examples are discussed here. First, many types of wordplay (e.g., crossword...
computer science
15,374
Hybrid approaches for automatic vowelization of Arabic texts
cs.CL
Hybrid approaches for automatic vowelization of Arabic texts are presented in this article. The process is made up of two modules. In the first one, a morphological analysis of the text words is performed using the open source morphological Analyzer AlKhalil Morpho Sys. Outputs for each word analyzed out of context, ar...
computer science
15,375
An Ontology for Comprehensive Tutoring of Euphonic Conjunctions of Sanskrit Grammar
cs.CL
Euphonic conjunctions (sandhis) form a very important aspect of Sanskrit morphology and phonology. The traditional and modern methods of studying about euphonic conjunctions in Sanskrit follow different methodologies. The former involves a rigorous study of the Paninian system embodied in Panini's Ashtadhyayi, while th...
computer science
15,376
Learning Distributed Word Representations for Natural Logic Reasoning
cs.CL
Natural logic offers a powerful relational conception of meaning that is a natural counterpart to distributed semantic representations, which have proven valuable in a wide range of sophisticated language tasks. However, it remains an open question whether it is possible to train distributed representations to support ...
computer science
15,377
Dependent Types for Pragmatics
cs.CL
This paper proposes the use of dependent types for pragmatic phenomena such as pronoun binding and presupposition resolution as a type-theoretic alternative to formalisms such as Discourse Representation Theory and Dynamic Semantics.
computer science
15,378
Arabic Language Text Classification Using Dependency Syntax-Based Feature Selection
cs.CL
We study the performance of Arabic text classification combining various techniques: (a) tfidf vs. dependency syntax, for feature selection and weighting; (b) class association rules vs. support vector machines, for classification. The Arabic text is used in two forms: rootified and lightly stemmed. The results we obta...
computer science
15,379
A Modality Lexicon and its use in Automatic Tagging
cs.CL
This paper describes our resource-building results for an eight-week JHU Human Language Technology Center of Excellence Summer Camp for Applied Language Exploration (SCALE-2009) on Semantically-Informed Machine Translation. Specifically, we describe the construction of a modality annotation scheme, a modality lexicon, ...
computer science
15,380
The Visualization of Change in Word Meaning over Time using Temporal Word Embeddings
cs.CL
We describe a visualization tool that can be used to view the change in meaning of words over time. The tool makes use of existing (static) word embedding datasets together with a timestamped $n$-gram corpus to create {\em temporal} word embeddings.
computer science
15,381
Analysis of Named Entity Recognition and Linking for Tweets
cs.CL
Applying natural language processing for mining and intelligent information access to tweets (a form of microblog) is a challenging, emerging research area. Unlike carefully authored news text and other longer content, tweets pose a number of new challenges, due to their short, noisy, context-dependent, and dynamic nat...
computer science
15,382
Correcting Errors in Digital Lexicographic Resources Using a Dictionary Manipulation Language
cs.CL
We describe a paradigm for combining manual and automatic error correction of noisy structured lexicographic data. Modifications to the structure and underlying text of the lexicographic data are expressed in a simple, interpreted programming language. Dictionary Manipulation Language (DML) commands identify nodes by u...
computer science
15,383
Experiments to Improve Named Entity Recognition on Turkish Tweets
cs.CL
Social media texts are significant information sources for several application areas including trend analysis, event monitoring, and opinion mining. Unfortunately, existing solutions for tasks such as named entity recognition that perform well on formal texts usually perform poorly when applied to social media texts. I...
computer science
15,384
On Detecting Noun-Adjective Agreement Errors in Bulgarian Language Using GATE
cs.CL
In this article, we describe an approach for automatic detection of noun-adjective agreement errors in Bulgarian texts by explaining the necessary steps required to develop a simple Java-based language processing application. For this purpose, we use the GATE language processing framework, which is capable of analyzing...
computer science
15,385
Detecting Suicidal Ideation in Chinese Microblogs with Psychological Lexicons
cs.CL
Suicide is among the leading causes of death in China. However, technical approaches toward preventing suicide are challenging and remaining under development. Recently, several actual suicidal cases were preceded by users who posted microblogs with suicidal ideation to Sina Weibo, a Chinese social media network akin t...
computer science
15,386
word2vec Parameter Learning Explained
cs.CL
The word2vec model and application by Mikolov et al. have attracted a great amount of attention in recent two years. The vector representations of words learned by word2vec models have been shown to carry semantic meanings and are useful in various NLP tasks. As an increasing number of researchers would like to experim...
computer science
15,387
Distributed Representations for Compositional Semantics
cs.CL
The mathematical representation of semantics is a key issue for Natural Language Processing (NLP). A lot of research has been devoted to finding ways of representing the semantics of individual words in vector spaces. Distributional approaches --- meaning distributed representations that exploit co-occurrence statistic...
computer science
15,388
A Text to Speech (TTS) System with English to Punjabi Conversion
cs.CL
The paper aims to show how an application can be developed that converts the English language into the Punjabi Language, and the same application can convert the Text to Speech(TTS) i.e. pronounce the text. This application can be really beneficial for those with special needs.
computer science
15,389
Retrofitting Word Vectors to Semantic Lexicons
cs.CL
Vector space word representations are learned from distributional information of words in large corpora. Although such statistics are semantically informative, they disregard the valuable information that is contained in semantic lexicons such as WordNet, FrameNet, and the Paraphrase Database. This paper proposes a met...
computer science
15,390
Opinion mining of text documents written in Macedonian language
cs.CL
The ability to extract public opinion from web portals such as review sites, social networks and blogs will enable companies and individuals to form a view, an attitude and make decisions without having to do lengthy and costly researches and surveys. In this paper machine learning techniques are used for determining t...
computer science
15,391
Using graph transformation algorithms to generate natural language equivalents of icons expressing medical concepts
cs.CL
A graphical language addresses the need to communicate medical information in a synthetic way. Medical concepts are expressed by icons conveying fast visual information about patients' current state or about the known effects of drugs. In order to increase the visual language's acceptance and usability, a natural langu...
computer science
15,392
Network Motifs Analysis of Croatian Literature
cs.CL
In this paper we analyse network motifs in the co-occurrence directed networks constructed from five different texts (four books and one portal) in the Croatian language. After preparing the data and network construction, we perform the network motif analysis. We analyse the motif frequencies and Z-scores in the five n...
computer science
15,393
Type-Driven Incremental Semantic Parsing with Polymorphism
cs.CL
Semantic parsing has made significant progress, but most current semantic parsers are extremely slow (CKY-based) and rather primitive in representation. We introduce three new techniques to tackle these problems. First, we design the first linear-time incremental shift-reduce-style semantic parsing algorithm which is m...
computer science
15,394
Pre-processing of Domain Ontology Graph Generation System in Punjabi
cs.CL
This paper describes pre-processing phase of ontology graph generation system from Punjabi text documents of different domains. This research paper focuses on pre-processing of Punjabi text documents. Pre-processing is structured representation of the input text. Pre-processing of ontology graph generation includes all...
computer science
15,395
Coarse-grained Cross-lingual Alignment of Comparable Texts with Topic Models and Encyclopedic Knowledge
cs.CL
We present a method for coarse-grained cross-lingual alignment of comparable texts: segments consisting of contiguous paragraphs that discuss the same theme (e.g. history, economy) are aligned based on induced multilingual topics. The method combines three ideas: a two-level LDA model that filters out words that do not...
computer science
15,396
Using Sentence Plausibility to Learn the Semantics of Transitive Verbs
cs.CL
The functional approach to compositional distributional semantics considers transitive verbs to be linear maps that transform the distributional vectors representing nouns into a vector representing a sentence. We conduct an initial investigation that uses a matrix consisting of the parameters of a logistic regression ...
computer science
15,397
Tiered Clustering to Improve Lexical Entailment
cs.CL
Many tasks in Natural Language Processing involve recognizing lexical entailment. Two different approaches to this problem have been proposed recently that are quite different from each other. The first is an asymmetric similarity measure designed to give high scores when the contexts of the narrower term in the entail...
computer science
15,398
Mary Astell's words in A Serious Proposal to the Ladies (part I), a lexicographic inquiry with NooJ
cs.CL
In the following article we elected to study with NooJ the lexis of a 17 th century text, Mary Astell's seminal essay, A Serious Proposal to the Ladies, part I, published in 1694. We first focused on the semantics to see how Astell builds her vindication of the female sex, which words she uses to sensitise women to the...
computer science
15,399
A perspective on the advancement of natural language processing tasks via topological analysis of complex networks
cs.CL
Comment on "Approaching human language with complex networks" by Cong and Liu (Physics of Life Reviews, Volume 11, Issue 4, December 2014, Pages 598-618).
computer science
15,400
Deep Learning for Answer Sentence Selection
cs.CL
Answer sentence selection is the task of identifying sentences that contain the answer to a given question. This is an important problem in its own right as well as in the larger context of open domain question answering. We propose a novel approach to solving this task via means of distributed representations, and lea...
computer science
15,401
Context-Dependent Fine-Grained Entity Type Tagging
cs.CL
Entity type tagging is the task of assigning category labels to each mention of an entity in a document. While standard systems focus on a small set of types, recent work (Ling and Weld, 2012) suggests that using a large fine-grained label set can lead to dramatic improvements in downstream tasks. In the absence of lab...
computer science