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15,102
A hybrid formalism to parse Sign Languages
cs.CL
Sign Language (SL) linguistic is dependent on the expensive task of annotating. Some automation is already available for low-level information (eg. body part tracking) and the lexical level has shown significant progresses. The syntactic level lacks annotated corpora as well as complete and consistent models. This arti...
computer science
15,103
Sign Language Gibberish for syntactic parsing evaluation
cs.CL
Sign Language (SL) automatic processing slowly progresses bottom-up. The field has seen proposition to handle the video signal, to recognize and synthesize sublexical and lexical units. It starts to see the development of supra-lexical processing. But the recognition, at this level, lacks data. The syntax of SL appears...
computer science
15,104
Spelling Error Trends and Patterns in Sindhi
cs.CL
Statistical error Correction technique is the most accurate and widely used approach today, but for a language like Sindhi which is a low resourced language the trained corpora's are not available, so the statistical techniques are not possible at all. Instead a useful alternative would be to exploit various spelling e...
computer science
15,105
Using Entropy Estimates for DAG-Based Ontologies
cs.CL
Motivation: Entropy measurements on hierarchical structures have been used in methods for information retrieval and natural language modeling. Here we explore its application to semantic similarity. By finding shared ontology terms, semantic similarity can be established between annotated genes. A common procedure for ...
computer science
15,106
Clinical TempEval
cs.CL
We describe the Clinical TempEval task which is currently in preparation for the SemEval-2015 evaluation exercise. This task involves identifying and describing events, times and the relations between them in clinical text. Six discrete subtasks are included, focusing on recognising mentions of times and events, descri...
computer science
15,107
An efficiency dependency parser using hybrid approach for tamil language
cs.CL
Natural language processing is a prompt research area across the country. Parsing is one of the very crucial tool in language analysis system which aims to forecast the structural relationship among the words in a given sentence. Many researchers have already developed so many language tools but the accuracy is not mee...
computer science
15,108
Implementation of an Automatic Sign Language Lexical Annotation Framework based on Propositional Dynamic Logic
cs.CL
In this paper, we present the implementation of an automatic Sign Language (SL) sign annotation framework based on a formal logic, the Propositional Dynamic Logic (PDL). Our system relies heavily on the use of a specific variant of PDL, the Propositional Dynamic Logic for Sign Language (PDLSL), which lets us describe S...
computer science
15,109
Sign Language Lexical Recognition With Propositional Dynamic Logic
cs.CL
This paper explores the use of Propositional Dynamic Logic (PDL) as a suitable formal framework for describing Sign Language (SL), the language of deaf people, in the context of natural language processing. SLs are visual, complete, standalone languages which are just as expressive as oral languages. Signs in SL usuall...
computer science
15,110
Hybrid Approach to English-Hindi Name Entity Transliteration
cs.CL
Machine translation (MT) research in Indian languages is still in its infancy. Not much work has been done in proper transliteration of name entities in this domain. In this paper we address this issue. We have used English-Hindi language pair for our experiments and have used a hybrid approach. At first we have proces...
computer science
15,111
Contextual Semantic Parsing using Crowdsourced Spatial Descriptions
cs.CL
We describe a contextual parser for the Robot Commands Treebank, a new crowdsourced resource. In contrast to previous semantic parsers that select the most-probable parse, we consider the different problem of parsing using additional situational context to disambiguate between different readings of a sentence. We show ...
computer science
15,112
Extracting Family Relationship Networks from Novels
cs.CL
We present an approach to the extraction of family relations from literary narrative, which incorporates a technique for utterance attribution proposed recently by Elson and McKeown (2010). In our work this technique is used in combination with the detection of vocatives - the explicit forms of address used by the char...
computer science
15,113
"Translation can't change a name": Using Multilingual Data for Named Entity Recognition
cs.CL
Named Entities (NEs) are often written with no orthographic changes across different languages that share a common alphabet. We show that this can be leveraged so as to improve named entity recognition (NER) by using unsupervised word clusters from secondary languages as features in state-of-the-art discriminative NER ...
computer science
15,114
Learning Bilingual Word Representations by Marginalizing Alignments
cs.CL
We present a probabilistic model that simultaneously learns alignments and distributed representations for bilingual data. By marginalizing over word alignments the model captures a larger semantic context than prior work relying on hard alignments. The advantage of this approach is demonstrated in a cross-lingual clas...
computer science
15,115
Automatic Method Of Domain Ontology Construction based on Characteristics of Corpora POS-Analysis
cs.CL
It is now widely recognized that ontologies, are one of the fundamental cornerstones of knowledge-based systems. What is lacking, however, is a currently accepted strategy of how to build ontology; what kinds of the resources and techniques are indispensables to optimize the expenses and the time on the one hand and th...
computer science
15,116
Latent semantics of action verbs reflect phonetic parameters of intensity and emotional content
cs.CL
Conjuring up our thoughts, language reflects statistical patterns of word co-occurrences which in turn come to describe how we perceive the world. Whether counting how frequently nouns and verbs combine in Google search queries, or extracting eigenvectors from term document matrices made up of Wikipedia lines and Shake...
computer science
15,117
D-Bees: A Novel Method Inspired by Bee Colony Optimization for Solving Word Sense Disambiguation
cs.CL
Word sense disambiguation (WSD) is a problem in the field of computational linguistics given as finding the intended sense of a word (or a set of words) when it is activated within a certain context. WSD was recently addressed as a combinatorial optimization problem in which the goal is to find a sequence of senses tha...
computer science
15,118
A Corpus of Sentence-level Revisions in Academic Writing: A Step towards Understanding Statement Strength in Communication
cs.CL
The strength with which a statement is made can have a significant impact on the audience. For example, international relations can be strained by how the media in one country describes an event in another; and papers can be rejected because they overstate or understate their findings. It is thus important to understan...
computer science
15,119
An Expert System for Automatic Reading of A Text Written in Standard Arabic
cs.CL
In this work we present our expert system of Automatic reading or speech synthesis based on a text written in Standard Arabic, our work is carried out in two great stages: the creation of the sound data base, and the transformation of the written text into speech (Text To Speech TTS). This transformation is done firstl...
computer science
15,120
Coordinate System Selection for Minimum Error Rate Training in Statistical Machine Translation
cs.CL
Minimum error rate training (MERT) is a widely used training procedure for statistical machine translation. A general problem of this approach is that the search space is easy to converge to a local optimum and the acquired weight set is not in accord with the real distribution of feature functions. This paper introduc...
computer science
15,121
Phonetic based SoundEx & ShapeEx algorithm for Sindhi Spell Checker System
cs.CL
This paper presents a novel combinational phonetic algorithm for Sindhi Language, to be used in developing Sindhi Spell Checker which has yet not been developed prior to this work. The compound textual forms and glyphs of Sindhi language presents a substantial challenge for developing Sindhi spell checker system and ge...
computer science
15,122
Temporal Analysis of Language through Neural Language Models
cs.CL
We provide a method for automatically detecting change in language across time through a chronologically trained neural language model. We train the model on the Google Books Ngram corpus to obtain word vector representations specific to each year, and identify words that have changed significantly from 1900 to 2009. T...
computer science
15,123
INAUT, a Controlled Language for the French Coast Pilot Books Instructions nautiques
cs.CL
We describe INAUT, a controlled natural language dedicated to collaborative update of a knowledge base on maritime navigation and to automatic generation of coast pilot books (Instructions nautiques) of the French National Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service SHOM. INAUT is based on French language and abundantly use...
computer science
15,124
Méthodes pour la représentation informatisée de données lexicales / Methoden der Speicherung lexikalischer Daten
cs.CL
In recent years, new developments in the area of lexicography have altered not only the management, processing and publishing of lexicographical data, but also created new types of products such as electronic dictionaries and thesauri. These expand the range of possible uses of lexical data and support users with more ...
computer science
15,125
A preliminary study of Croatian Language Syllable Networks
cs.CL
This paper presents preliminary results of Croatian syllable networks analysis. Syllable network is a network in which nodes are syllables and links between them are constructed according to their connections within words. In this paper we analyze networks of syllables generated from texts collected from the Croatian W...
computer science
15,126
Les mathématiques de la langue : l'approche formelle de Montague
cs.CL
We present a natural language modelization method which is strongely relying on mathematics. This method, called "Formal Semantics," has been initiated by the American linguist Richard M. Montague in the 1970's. It uses mathematical tools such as formal languages and grammars, first-order logic, type theory and $\lambd...
computer science
15,127
Compositional Morphology for Word Representations and Language Modelling
cs.CL
This paper presents a scalable method for integrating compositional morphological representations into a vector-based probabilistic language model. Our approach is evaluated in the context of log-bilinear language models, rendered suitably efficient for implementation inside a machine translation decoder by factoring t...
computer science
15,128
Thematically Reinforced Explicit Semantic Analysis
cs.CL
We present an extended, thematically reinforced version of Gabrilovich and Markovitch's Explicit Semantic Analysis (ESA), where we obtain thematic information through the category structure of Wikipedia. For this we first define a notion of categorical tfidf which measures the relevance of terms in categories. Using th...
computer science
15,129
Narrowing the Modeling Gap: A Cluster-Ranking Approach to Coreference Resolution
cs.CL
Traditional learning-based coreference resolvers operate by training the mention-pair model for determining whether two mentions are coreferent or not. Though conceptually simple and easy to understand, the mention-pair model is linguistically rather unappealing and lags far behind the heuristic-based coreference model...
computer science
15,130
New Perspectives in Sinographic Language Processing Through the Use of Character Structure
cs.CL
Chinese characters have a complex and hierarchical graphical structure carrying both semantic and phonetic information. We use this structure to enhance the text model and obtain better results in standard NLP operations. First of all, to tackle the problem of graphical variation we define allographic classes of charac...
computer science
15,131
Machine Translation Model based on Non-parallel Corpus and Semi-supervised Transductive Learning
cs.CL
Although the parallel corpus has an irreplaceable role in machine translation, its scale and coverage is still beyond the actual needs. Non-parallel corpus resources on the web have an inestimable potential value in machine translation and other natural language processing tasks. This article proposes a semi-supervised...
computer science
15,132
MotàMot project: conversion of a French-Khmer published dictionary for building a multilingual lexical system
cs.CL
Economic issues related to the information processing techniques are very important. The development of such technologies is a major asset for developing countries like Cambodia and Laos, and emerging ones like Vietnam, Malaysia and Thailand. The MotAMot project aims to computerize an under-resourced language: Khmer, s...
computer science
15,133
Computerization of African languages-French dictionaries
cs.CL
This paper relates work done during the DiLAF project. It consists in converting 5 bilingual African language-French dictionaries originally in Word format into XML following the LMF model. The languages processed are Bambara, Hausa, Kanuri, Tamajaq and Songhai-zarma, still considered as under-resourced languages conce...
computer science
15,134
Building of Networks of Natural Hierarchies of Terms Based on Analysis of Texts Corpora
cs.CL
The technique of building of networks of hierarchies of terms based on the analysis of chosen text corpora is offered. The technique is based on the methodology of horizontal visibility graphs. Constructed and investigated language network, formed on the basis of electronic preprints arXiv on topics of information retr...
computer science
15,135
Evaluating the fully automatic multi-language translation of the Swiss avalanche bulletin
cs.CL
The Swiss avalanche bulletin is produced twice a day in four languages. Due to the lack of time available for manual translation, a fully automated translation system is employed, based on a catalogue of predefined phrases and predetermined rules of how these phrases can be combined to produce sentences. The system is ...
computer science
15,136
Cross-Language Personal Name Mapping
cs.CL
Name matching between multiple natural languages is an important step in cross-enterprise integration applications and data mining. It is difficult to decide whether or not two syntactic values (names) from two heterogeneous data sources are alternative designation of the same semantic entity (person), this process bec...
computer science
15,137
Optimality Theory as a Framework for Lexical Acquisition
cs.CL
This paper re-investigates a lexical acquisition system initially developed for French.We show that, interestingly, the architecture of the system reproduces and implements the main components of Optimality Theory. However, we formulate the hypothesis that some of its limitations are mainly due to a poor representation...
computer science
15,138
An HMM Based Named Entity Recognition System for Indian Languages: The JU System at ICON 2013
cs.CL
This paper reports about our work in the ICON 2013 NLP TOOLS CONTEST on Named Entity Recognition. We submitted runs for Bengali, English, Hindi, Marathi, Punjabi, Tamil and Telugu. A statistical HMM (Hidden Markov Models) based model has been used to implement our system. The system has been trained and tested on the N...
computer science
15,139
Training a Multilingual Sportscaster: Using Perceptual Context to Learn Language
cs.CL
We present a novel framework for learning to interpret and generate language using only perceptual context as supervision. We demonstrate its capabilities by developing a system that learns to sportscast simulated robot soccer games in both English and Korean without any language-specific prior knowledge. Training empl...
computer science
15,140
Targetable Named Entity Recognition in Social Media
cs.CL
We present a novel approach for recognizing what we call targetable named entities; that is, named entities in a targeted set (e.g, movies, books, TV shows). Unlike many other NER systems that need to retrain their statistical models as new entities arrive, our approach does not require such retraining, which makes it ...
computer science
15,141
Microtask crowdsourcing for disease mention annotation in PubMed abstracts
cs.CL
Identifying concepts and relationships in biomedical text enables knowledge to be applied in computational analyses. Many biological natural language process (BioNLP) projects attempt to address this challenge, but the state of the art in BioNLP still leaves much room for improvement. Progress in BioNLP research depend...
computer science
15,142
Gap-weighted subsequences for automatic cognate identification and phylogenetic inference
cs.CL
In this paper, we describe the problem of cognate identification and its relation to phylogenetic inference. We introduce subsequence based features for discriminating cognates from non-cognates. We show that subsequence based features perform better than the state-of-the-art string similarity measures for the purpose ...
computer science
15,143
Detection is the central problem in real-word spelling correction
cs.CL
Real-word spelling correction differs from non-word spelling correction in its aims and its challenges. Here we show that the central problem in real-word spelling correction is detection. Methods from non-word spelling correction, which focus instead on selection among candidate corrections, do not address detection a...
computer science
15,144
SimLex-999: Evaluating Semantic Models with (Genuine) Similarity Estimation
cs.CL
We present SimLex-999, a gold standard resource for evaluating distributional semantic models that improves on existing resources in several important ways. First, in contrast to gold standards such as WordSim-353 and MEN, it explicitly quantifies similarity rather than association or relatedness, so that pairs of enti...
computer science
15,145
Unsupervised Keyword Extraction from Polish Legal Texts
cs.CL
In this work, we present an application of the recently proposed unsupervised keyword extraction algorithm RAKE to a corpus of Polish legal texts from the field of public procurement. RAKE is essentially a language and domain independent method. Its only language-specific input is a stoplist containing a set of non-con...
computer science
15,146
Be Careful When Assuming the Obvious: Commentary on "The placement of the head that minimizes online memory: a complex systems approach"
cs.CL
Ferrer-i-Cancho (2015) presents a mathematical model of both the synchronic and diachronic nature of word order based on the assumption that memory costs are a never decreasing function of distance and a few very general linguistic assumptions. However, even these minimal and seemingly obvious assumptions are not as sa...
computer science
15,147
Evaluating Neural Word Representations in Tensor-Based Compositional Settings
cs.CL
We provide a comparative study between neural word representations and traditional vector spaces based on co-occurrence counts, in a number of compositional tasks. We use three different semantic spaces and implement seven tensor-based compositional models, which we then test (together with simpler additive and multipl...
computer science
15,148
Resolving Lexical Ambiguity in Tensor Regression Models of Meaning
cs.CL
This paper provides a method for improving tensor-based compositional distributional models of meaning by the addition of an explicit disambiguation step prior to composition. In contrast with previous research where this hypothesis has been successfully tested against relatively simple compositional models, in our wor...
computer science
15,149
Strongly Incremental Repair Detection
cs.CL
We present STIR (STrongly Incremental Repair detection), a system that detects speech repairs and edit terms on transcripts incrementally with minimal latency. STIR uses information-theoretic measures from n-gram models as its principal decision features in a pipeline of classifiers detecting the different stages of re...
computer science
15,150
Authorship recognition via fluctuation analysis of network topology and word intermittency
cs.CL
Statistical methods have been widely employed in many practical natural language processing applications. More specifically, complex networks concepts and methods from dynamical systems theory have been successfully applied to recognize stylistic patterns in written texts. Despite the large amount of studies devoted to...
computer science
15,151
INRIASAC: Simple Hypernym Extraction Methods
cs.CL
Given a set of terms from a given domain, how can we structure them into a taxonomy without manual intervention? This is the task 17 of SemEval 2015. Here we present our simple taxonomy structuring techniques which, despite their simplicity, ranked first in this 2015 benchmark. We use large quantities of text (English ...
computer science
15,152
Beyond Word-based Language Model in Statistical Machine Translation
cs.CL
Language model is one of the most important modules in statistical machine translation and currently the word-based language model dominants this community. However, many translation models (e.g. phrase-based models) generate the target language sentences by rendering and compositing the phrases rather than the words. ...
computer science
15,153
An investigation into language complexity of World-of-Warcraft game-external texts
cs.CL
We present a language complexity analysis of World of Warcraft (WoW) community texts, which we compare to texts from a general corpus of web English. Results from several complexity types are presented, including lexical diversity, density, readability and syntactic complexity. The language of WoW texts is found to be ...
computer science
15,154
Phrase-based Image Captioning
cs.CL
Generating a novel textual description of an image is an interesting problem that connects computer vision and natural language processing. In this paper, we present a simple model that is able to generate descriptive sentences given a sample image. This model has a strong focus on the syntax of the descriptions. We tr...
computer science
15,155
A new hybrid metric for verifying parallel corpora of Arabic-English
cs.CL
This paper discusses a new metric that has been applied to verify the quality in translation between sentence pairs in parallel corpora of Arabic-English. This metric combines two techniques, one based on sentence length and the other based on compression code length. Experiments on sample test parallel Arabic-English ...
computer science
15,156
Probabilistic Models for High-Order Projective Dependency Parsing
cs.CL
This paper presents generalized probabilistic models for high-order projective dependency parsing and an algorithmic framework for learning these statistical models involving dependency trees. Partition functions and marginals for high-order dependency trees can be computed efficiently, by adapting our algorithms which...
computer science
15,157
A Survey of Word Reordering in Statistical Machine Translation: Computational Models and Language Phenomena
cs.CL
Word reordering is one of the most difficult aspects of statistical machine translation (SMT), and an important factor of its quality and efficiency. Despite the vast amount of research published to date, the interest of the community in this problem has not decreased, and no single method appears to be strongly domina...
computer science
15,158
Web-scale Surface and Syntactic n-gram Features for Dependency Parsing
cs.CL
We develop novel first- and second-order features for dependency parsing based on the Google Syntactic Ngrams corpus, a collection of subtree counts of parsed sentences from scanned books. We also extend previous work on surface $n$-gram features from Web1T to the Google Books corpus and from first-order to second-orde...
computer science
15,159
Breaking Sticks and Ambiguities with Adaptive Skip-gram
cs.CL
Recently proposed Skip-gram model is a powerful method for learning high-dimensional word representations that capture rich semantic relationships between words. However, Skip-gram as well as most prior work on learning word representations does not take into account word ambiguity and maintain only single representati...
computer science
15,160
Rational Kernels for Arabic Stemming and Text Classification
cs.CL
In this paper, we address the problems of Arabic Text Classification and stemming using Transducers and Rational Kernels. We introduce a new stemming technique based on the use of Arabic patterns (Pattern Based Stemmer). Patterns are modelled using transducers and stemming is done without depending on any dictionary. U...
computer science
15,161
Local Translation Prediction with Global Sentence Representation
cs.CL
Statistical machine translation models have made great progress in improving the translation quality. However, the existing models predict the target translation with only the source- and target-side local context information. In practice, distinguishing good translations from bad ones does not only depend on the local...
computer science
15,162
Parsing as Reduction
cs.CL
We reduce phrase-representation parsing to dependency parsing. Our reduction is grounded on a new intermediate representation, "head-ordered dependency trees", shown to be isomorphic to constituent trees. By encoding order information in the dependency labels, we show that any off-the-shelf, trainable dependency parser...
computer science
15,163
Task-Oriented Learning of Word Embeddings for Semantic Relation Classification
cs.CL
We present a novel learning method for word embeddings designed for relation classification. Our word embeddings are trained by predicting words between noun pairs using lexical relation-specific features on a large unlabeled corpus. This allows us to explicitly incorporate relation-specific information into the word e...
computer science
15,164
The NLP Engine: A Universal Turing Machine for NLP
cs.CL
It is commonly accepted that machine translation is a more complex task than part of speech tagging. But how much more complex? In this paper we make an attempt to develop a general framework and methodology for computing the informational and/or processing complexity of NLP applications and tasks. We define a universa...
computer science
15,165
Studying the Wikipedia Hyperlink Graph for Relatedness and Disambiguation
cs.CL
Hyperlinks and other relations in Wikipedia are a extraordinary resource which is still not fully understood. In this paper we study the different types of links in Wikipedia, and contrast the use of the full graph with respect to just direct links. We apply a well-known random walk algorithm on two tasks, word related...
computer science
15,166
An Unsupervised Method for Uncovering Morphological Chains
cs.CL
Most state-of-the-art systems today produce morphological analysis based only on orthographic patterns. In contrast, we propose a model for unsupervised morphological analysis that integrates orthographic and semantic views of words. We model word formation in terms of morphological chains, from base words to the obser...
computer science
15,167
On Using Monolingual Corpora in Neural Machine Translation
cs.CL
Recent work on end-to-end neural network-based architectures for machine translation has shown promising results for En-Fr and En-De translation. Arguably, one of the major factors behind this success has been the availability of high quality parallel corpora. In this work, we investigate how to leverage abundant monol...
computer science
15,168
An implementation of Apertium based Assamese morphological analyzer
cs.CL
Morphological Analysis is an important branch of linguistics for any Natural Language Processing Technology. Morphology studies the word structure and formation of word of a language. In current scenario of NLP research, morphological analysis techniques have become more popular day by day. For processing any language,...
computer science
15,169
$gen$CNN: A Convolutional Architecture for Word Sequence Prediction
cs.CL
We propose a novel convolutional architecture, named $gen$CNN, for word sequence prediction. Different from previous work on neural network-based language modeling and generation (e.g., RNN or LSTM), we choose not to greedily summarize the history of words as a fixed length vector. Instead, we use a convolutional neura...
computer science
15,170
Prediction Using Note Text: Synthetic Feature Creation with word2vec
cs.CL
word2vec affords a simple yet powerful approach of extracting quantitative variables from unstructured textual data. Over half of healthcare data is unstructured and therefore hard to model without involved expertise in data engineering and natural language processing. word2vec can serve as a bridge to quickly gather i...
computer science
15,171
Phrase database Approach to structural and semantic disambiguation in English-Korean Machine Translation
cs.CL
In machine translation it is common phenomenon that machine-readable dictionaries and standard parsing rules are not enough to ensure accuracy in parsing and translating English phrases into Korean language, which is revealed in misleading translation results due to consequent structural and semantic ambiguities. This ...
computer science
15,172
Syntagma Lexical Database
cs.CL
This paper discusses the structure of Syntagma's Lexical Database (focused on Italian). The basic database consists in four tables. Table Forms contains word inflections, used by the POS-tagger for the identification of input-words. Forms is related to Lemma. Table Lemma stores all kinds of grammatical features of word...
computer science
15,173
On measuring linguistic intelligence
cs.CL
This work addresses the problem of measuring how many languages a person "effectively" speaks given that some of the languages are close to each other. In other words, to assign a meaningful number to her language portfolio. Intuition says that someone who speaks fluently Spanish and Portuguese is linguistically less p...
computer science
15,174
Multilingual Open Relation Extraction Using Cross-lingual Projection
cs.CL
Open domain relation extraction systems identify relation and argument phrases in a sentence without relying on any underlying schema. However, current state-of-the-art relation extraction systems are available only for English because of their heavy reliance on linguistic tools such as part-of-speech taggers and depen...
computer science
15,175
Yara Parser: A Fast and Accurate Dependency Parser
cs.CL
Dependency parsers are among the most crucial tools in natural language processing as they have many important applications in downstream tasks such as information retrieval, machine translation and knowledge acquisition. We introduce the Yara Parser, a fast and accurate open-source dependency parser based on the arc-e...
computer science
15,176
Unsupervised POS Induction with Word Embeddings
cs.CL
Unsupervised word embeddings have been shown to be valuable as features in supervised learning problems; however, their role in unsupervised problems has been less thoroughly explored. In this paper, we show that embeddings can likewise add value to the problem of unsupervised POS induction. In two representative model...
computer science
15,177
Morphological Analyzer and Generator for Russian and Ukrainian Languages
cs.CL
pymorphy2 is a morphological analyzer and generator for Russian and Ukrainian languages. It uses large efficiently encoded lexi- cons built from OpenCorpora and LanguageTool data. A set of linguistically motivated rules is developed to enable morphological analysis and generation of out-of-vocabulary words observed in ...
computer science
15,178
Unsupervised authorship attribution
cs.CL
We describe a technique for attributing parts of a written text to a set of unknown authors. Nothing is assumed to be known a priori about the writing styles of potential authors. We use multiple independent clusterings of an input text to identify parts that are similar and dissimilar to one another. We describe algor...
computer science
15,179
Normalization of Non-Standard Words in Croatian Texts
cs.CL
This paper presents text normalization which is an integral part of any text-to-speech synthesis system. Text normalization is a set of methods with a task to write non-standard words, like numbers, dates, times, abbreviations, acronyms and the most common symbols, in their full expanded form are presented. The whole t...
computer science
15,180
Towards Using Machine Translation Techniques to Induce Multilingual Lexica of Discourse Markers
cs.CL
Discourse markers are universal linguistic events subject to language variation. Although an extensive literature has already reported language specific traits of these events, little has been said on their cross-language behavior and on building an inventory of multilingual lexica of discourse markers. This work descr...
computer science
15,181
Multilingual Multiword Expressions
cs.CL
The project aims to provide a semi-supervised approach to identify Multiword Expressions in a multilingual context consisting of English and most of the major Indian languages. Multiword expressions are a group of words which refers to some conventional or regional way of saying things. If they are literally translated...
computer science
15,182
Definition Modeling: Learning to define word embeddings in natural language
cs.CL
Distributed representations of words have been shown to capture lexical semantics, as demonstrated by their effectiveness in word similarity and analogical relation tasks. But, these tasks only evaluate lexical semantics indirectly. In this paper, we study whether it is possible to utilize distributed representations t...
computer science
15,183
Neural Document Embeddings for Intensive Care Patient Mortality Prediction
cs.CL
We present an automatic mortality prediction scheme based on the unstructured textual content of clinical notes. Proposing a convolutional document embedding approach, our empirical investigation using the MIMIC-III intensive care database shows significant performance gains compared to previously employed methods such...
computer science
15,184
Shift-Reduce Constituent Parsing with Neural Lookahead Features
cs.CL
Transition-based models can be fast and accurate for constituent parsing. Compared with chart-based models, they leverage richer features by extracting history information from a parser stack, which spans over non-local constituents. On the other hand, during incremental parsing, constituent information on the right ha...
computer science
15,185
Alleviating Overfitting for Polysemous Words for Word Representation Estimation Using Lexicons
cs.CL
Though there are some works on improving distributed word representations using lexicons, the improper overfitting of the words that have multiple meanings is a remaining issue deteriorating the learning when lexicons are used, which needs to be solved. An alternative method is to allocate a vector per sense instead of...
computer science
15,186
ESE: Efficient Speech Recognition Engine with Sparse LSTM on FPGA
cs.CL
Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is widely used in speech recognition. In order to achieve higher prediction accuracy, machine learning scientists have built larger and larger models. Such large model is both computation intensive and memory intensive. Deploying such bulky model results in high power consumption and leads...
computer science
15,187
Automated assessment of non-native learner essays: Investigating the role of linguistic features
cs.CL
Automatic essay scoring (AES) refers to the process of scoring free text responses to given prompts, considering human grader scores as the gold standard. Writing such essays is an essential component of many language and aptitude exams. Hence, AES became an active and established area of research, and there are many p...
computer science
15,188
Creating a Real-Time, Reproducible Event Dataset
cs.CL
The generation of political event data has remained much the same since the mid-1990s, both in terms of data acquisition and the process of coding text into data. Since the 1990s, however, there have been significant improvements in open-source natural language processing software and in the availability of digitized n...
computer science
15,189
Unit Dependency Graph and its Application to Arithmetic Word Problem Solving
cs.CL
Math word problems provide a natural abstraction to a range of natural language understanding problems that involve reasoning about quantities, such as interpreting election results, news about casualties, and the financial section of a newspaper. Units associated with the quantities often provide information that is e...
computer science
15,190
CER: Complementary Entity Recognition via Knowledge Expansion on Large Unlabeled Product Reviews
cs.CL
Product reviews contain a lot of useful information about product features and customer opinions. One important product feature is the complementary entity (products) that may potentially work together with the reviewed product. Knowing complementary entities of the reviewed product is very important because customers ...
computer science
15,191
Mapping the Dialog Act Annotations of the LEGO Corpus into the Communicative Functions of ISO 24617-2
cs.CL
In this paper we present strategies for mapping the dialog act annotations of the LEGO corpus into the communicative functions of the ISO 24617-2 standard. Using these strategies, we obtained an additional 347 dialogs annotated according to the standard. This is particularly important given the reduced amount of existi...
computer science
15,192
Sequential Matching Network: A New Architecture for Multi-turn Response Selection in Retrieval-based Chatbots
cs.CL
We study response selection for multi-turn conversation in retrieval-based chatbots. Existing work either concatenates utterances in context or matches a response with a highly abstract context vector finally, which may lose relationships among utterances or important contextual information. We propose a sequential mat...
computer science
15,193
Listen and Translate: A Proof of Concept for End-to-End Speech-to-Text Translation
cs.CL
This paper proposes a first attempt to build an end-to-end speech-to-text translation system, which does not use source language transcription during learning or decoding. We propose a model for direct speech-to-text translation, which gives promising results on a small French-English synthetic corpus. Relaxing the nee...
computer science
15,194
Condensed Memory Networks for Clinical Diagnostic Inferencing
cs.CL
Diagnosis of a clinical condition is a challenging task, which often requires significant medical investigation. Previous work related to diagnostic inferencing problems mostly consider multivariate observational data (e.g. physiological signals, lab tests etc.). In contrast, we explore the problem using free-text medi...
computer science
15,195
When is multitask learning effective? Semantic sequence prediction under varying data conditions
cs.CL
Multitask learning has been applied successfully to a range of tasks, mostly morphosyntactic. However, little is known on when MTL works and whether there are data characteristics that help to determine its success. In this paper we evaluate a range of semantic sequence labeling tasks in a MTL setup. We examine differe...
computer science
15,196
Embedding Words and Senses Together via Joint Knowledge-Enhanced Training
cs.CL
Word embeddings are widely used in Natural Language Processing, mainly due to their success in capturing semantic information from massive corpora. However, their creation process does not allow the different meanings of a word to be automatically separated, as it conflates them into a single vector. We address this is...
computer science
15,197
Entity Identification as Multitasking
cs.CL
Standard approaches in entity identification hard-code boundary detection and type prediction into labels (e.g., John/B-PER Smith/I-PER) and then perform Viterbi. This has two disadvantages: 1. the runtime complexity grows quadratically in the number of types, and 2. there is no natural segment-level representation. In...
computer science
15,198
Discovering Conversational Dependencies between Messages in Dialogs
cs.CL
We investigate the task of inferring conversational dependencies between messages in one-on-one online chat, which has become one of the most popular forms of customer service. We propose a novel probabilistic classifier that leverages conversational, lexical and semantic information. The approach is evaluated empirica...
computer science
15,199
Evaluating Creative Language Generation: The Case of Rap Lyric Ghostwriting
cs.CL
Language generation tasks that seek to mimic human ability to use language creatively are difficult to evaluate, since one must consider creativity, style, and other non-trivial aspects of the generated text. The goal of this paper is to develop evaluation methods for one such task, ghostwriting of rap lyrics, and to p...
computer science
15,200
#HashtagWars: Learning a Sense of Humor
cs.CL
In this work, we present a new dataset for computational humor, specifically comparative humor ranking, which attempts to eschew the ubiquitous binary approach to humor detection. The dataset consists of tweets that are humorous responses to a given hashtag. We describe the motivation for this new dataset, as well as t...
computer science
15,201
A Character-Word Compositional Neural Language Model for Finnish
cs.CL
Inspired by recent research, we explore ways to model the highly morphological Finnish language at the level of characters while maintaining the performance of word-level models. We propose a new Character-to-Word-to-Character (C2W2C) compositional language model that uses characters as input and output while still int...
computer science