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16,202
Improving historical spelling normalization with bi-directional LSTMs and multi-task learning
cs.CL
Natural-language processing of historical documents is complicated by the abundance of variant spellings and lack of annotated data. A common approach is to normalize the spelling of historical words to modern forms. We explore the suitability of a deep neural network architecture for this task, particularly a deep bi-...
computer science
16,203
Sequence Segmentation Using Joint RNN and Structured Prediction Models
cs.CL
We describe and analyze a simple and effective algorithm for sequence segmentation applied to speech processing tasks. We propose a neural architecture that is composed of two modules trained jointly: a recurrent neural network (RNN) module and a structured prediction model. The RNN outputs are considered as feature fu...
computer science
16,204
Statistical Machine Translation for Indian Languages: Mission Hindi 2
cs.CL
This paper presents Centre for Development of Advanced Computing Mumbai's (CDACM) submission to NLP Tools Contest on Statistical Machine Translation in Indian Languages (ILSMT) 2015 (collocated with ICON 2015). The aim of the contest was to collectively explore the effectiveness of Statistical Machine Translation (SMT)...
computer science
16,205
Content Selection in Data-to-Text Systems: A Survey
cs.CL
Data-to-text systems are powerful in generating reports from data automatically and thus they simplify the presentation of complex data. Rather than presenting data using visualisation techniques, data-to-text systems use natural (human) language, which is the most common way for human-human communication. In addition,...
computer science
16,206
Broad Context Language Modeling as Reading Comprehension
cs.CL
Progress in text understanding has been driven by large datasets that test particular capabilities, like recent datasets for reading comprehension (Hermann et al., 2015). We focus here on the LAMBADA dataset (Paperno et al., 2016), a word prediction task requiring broader context than the immediate sentence. We view LA...
computer science
16,207
Distraction-Based Neural Networks for Document Summarization
cs.CL
Distributed representation learned with neural networks has recently shown to be effective in modeling natural languages at fine granularities such as words, phrases, and even sentences. Whether and how such an approach can be extended to help model larger spans of text, e.g., documents, is intriguing, and further inve...
computer science
16,208
Knowledge-Based Biomedical Word Sense Disambiguation with Neural Concept Embeddings
cs.CL
Biomedical word sense disambiguation (WSD) is an important intermediate task in many natural language processing applications such as named entity recognition, syntactic parsing, and relation extraction. In this paper, we employ knowledge-based approaches that also exploit recent advances in neural word/concept embeddi...
computer science
16,209
CogALex-V Shared Task: LexNET - Integrated Path-based and Distributional Method for the Identification of Semantic Relations
cs.CL
We present a submission to the CogALex 2016 shared task on the corpus-based identification of semantic relations, using LexNET (Shwartz and Dagan, 2016), an integrated path-based and distributional method for semantic relation classification. The reported results in the shared task bring this submission to the third pl...
computer science
16,210
A Deeper Look into Sarcastic Tweets Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
cs.CL
Sarcasm detection is a key task for many natural language processing tasks. In sentiment analysis, for example, sarcasm can flip the polarity of an "apparently positive" sentence and, hence, negatively affect polarity detection performance. To date, most approaches to sarcasm detection have treated the task primarily a...
computer science
16,211
Ex Machina: Personal Attacks Seen at Scale
cs.CL
The damage personal attacks cause to online discourse motivates many platforms to try to curb the phenomenon. However, understanding the prevalence and impact of personal attacks in online platforms at scale remains surprisingly difficult. The contribution of this paper is to develop and illustrate a method that combin...
computer science
16,212
Representation Learning Models for Entity Search
cs.CL
We focus on the problem of learning distributed representations for entity search queries, named entities, and their short descriptions. With our representation learning models, the entity search query, named entity and description can be represented as low-dimensional vectors. Our goal is to develop a simple but effec...
computer science
16,213
Word Embeddings for the Construction Domain
cs.CL
We introduce word vectors for the construction domain. Our vectors were obtained by running word2vec on an 11M-word corpus that we created from scratch by leveraging freely-accessible online sources of construction-related text. We first explore the embedding space and show that our vectors capture meaningful construct...
computer science
16,214
Sequence-to-sequence neural network models for transliteration
cs.CL
Transliteration is a key component of machine translation systems and software internationalization. This paper demonstrates that neural sequence-to-sequence models obtain state of the art or close to state of the art results on existing datasets. In an effort to make machine transliteration accessible, we open source ...
computer science
16,215
Represent, Aggregate, and Constrain: A Novel Architecture for Machine Reading from Noisy Sources
cs.CL
In order to extract event information from text, a machine reading model must learn to accurately read and interpret the ways in which that information is expressed. But it must also, as the human reader must, aggregate numerous individual value hypotheses into a single coherent global analysis, applying global constra...
computer science
16,216
Experiments with POS Tagging Code-mixed Indian Social Media Text
cs.CL
This paper presents Centre for Development of Advanced Computing Mumbai's (CDACM) submission to the NLP Tools Contest on Part-Of-Speech (POS) Tagging For Code-mixed Indian Social Media Text (POSCMISMT) 2015 (collocated with ICON 2015). We submitted results for Hindi (hi), Bengali (bn), and Telugu (te) languages mixed w...
computer science
16,217
Named Entity Recognition for Novel Types by Transfer Learning
cs.CL
In named entity recognition, we often don't have a large in-domain training corpus or a knowledge base with adequate coverage to train a model directly. In this paper, we propose a method where, given training data in a related domain with similar (but not identical) named entity (NE) types and a small amount of in-dom...
computer science
16,218
Knowledge Questions from Knowledge Graphs
cs.CL
We address the novel problem of automatically generating quiz-style knowledge questions from a knowledge graph such as DBpedia. Questions of this kind have ample applications, for instance, to educate users about or to evaluate their knowledge in a specific domain. To solve the problem, we propose an end-to-end approac...
computer science
16,219
Generating Sentiment Lexicons for German Twitter
cs.CL
Despite a substantial progress made in developing new sentiment lexicon generation (SLG) methods for English, the task of transferring these approaches to other languages and domains in a sound way still remains open. In this paper, we contribute to the solution of this problem by systematically comparing semi-automati...
computer science
16,220
End-to-End Answer Chunk Extraction and Ranking for Reading Comprehension
cs.CL
This paper proposes dynamic chunk reader (DCR), an end-to-end neural reading comprehension (RC) model that is able to extract and rank a set of answer candidates from a given document to answer questions. DCR is able to predict answers of variable lengths, whereas previous neural RC models primarily focused on predicti...
computer science
16,221
RNN Approaches to Text Normalization: A Challenge
cs.CL
This paper presents a challenge to the community: given a large corpus of written text aligned to its normalized spoken form, train an RNN to learn the correct normalization function. We present a data set of general text where the normalizations were generated using an existing text normalization component of a text-t...
computer science
16,222
Improving Twitter Sentiment Classification via Multi-Level Sentiment-Enriched Word Embeddings
cs.CL
Most of existing work learn sentiment-specific word representation for improving Twitter sentiment classification, which encoded both n-gram and distant supervised tweet sentiment information in learning process. They assume all words within a tweet have the same sentiment polarity as the whole tweet, which ignores the...
computer science
16,223
Dual Learning for Machine Translation
cs.CL
While neural machine translation (NMT) is making good progress in the past two years, tens of millions of bilingual sentence pairs are needed for its training. However, human labeling is very costly. To tackle this training data bottleneck, we develop a dual-learning mechanism, which can enable an NMT system to automat...
computer science
16,224
Recurrent Neural Network Language Model Adaptation Derived Document Vector
cs.CL
In many natural language processing (NLP) tasks, a document is commonly modeled as a bag of words using the term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) vector. One major shortcoming of the frequency-based TF-IDF feature vector is that it ignores word orders that carry syntactic and semantic relationships among t...
computer science
16,225
Faster decoding for subword level Phrase-based SMT between related languages
cs.CL
A common and effective way to train translation systems between related languages is to consider sub-word level basic units. However, this increases the length of the sentences resulting in increased decoding time. The increase in length is also impacted by the specific choice of data format for representing the senten...
computer science
16,226
Towards Sub-Word Level Compositions for Sentiment Analysis of Hindi-English Code Mixed Text
cs.CL
Sentiment analysis (SA) using code-mixed data from social media has several applications in opinion mining ranging from customer satisfaction to social campaign analysis in multilingual societies. Advances in this area are impeded by the lack of a suitable annotated dataset. We introduce a Hindi-English (Hi-En) code-mi...
computer science
16,227
Detecting Context Dependent Messages in a Conversational Environment
cs.CL
While automatic response generation for building chatbot systems has drawn a lot of attention recently, there is limited understanding on when we need to consider the linguistic context of an input text in the generation process. The task is challenging, as messages in a conversational environment are short and informa...
computer science
16,228
Ordinal Common-sense Inference
cs.CL
Humans have the capacity to draw common-sense inferences from natural language: various things that are likely but not certain to hold based on established discourse, and are rarely stated explicitly. We propose an evaluation of automated common-sense inference based on an extension of recognizing textual entailment: p...
computer science
16,229
Fuzzy paraphrases in learning word representations with a lexicon
cs.CL
A synonym of a polysemous word is usually only the paraphrase of one sense among many. When lexicons are used to improve vector-space word representations, such paraphrases are unreliable and bring noise to the vector-space. The prior works use a coefficient to adjust the overall learning of the lexicons. They regard t...
computer science
16,230
A FOFE-based Local Detection Approach for Named Entity Recognition and Mention Detection
cs.CL
In this paper, we study a novel approach for named entity recognition (NER) and mention detection in natural language processing. Instead of treating NER as a sequence labelling problem, we propose a new local detection approach, which rely on the recent fixed-size ordinally forgetting encoding (FOFE) method to fully e...
computer science
16,231
An empirical study for Vietnamese dependency parsing
cs.CL
This paper presents an empirical comparison of different dependency parsers for Vietnamese, which has some unusual characteristics such as copula drop and verb serialization. Experimental results show that the neural network-based parsers perform significantly better than the traditional parsers. We report the highest ...
computer science
16,232
A Hybrid Approach to Word Sense Disambiguation Combining Supervised and Unsupervised Learning
cs.CL
In this paper, we are going to find meaning of words based on distinct situations. Word Sense Disambiguation is used to find meaning of words based on live contexts using supervised and unsupervised approaches. Unsupervised approaches use online dictionary for learning, and supervised approaches use manual learning set...
computer science
16,233
CogALex-V Shared Task: ROOT18
cs.CL
In this paper, we describe ROOT 18, a classifier using the scores of several unsupervised distributional measures as features to discriminate between semantically related and unrelated words, and then to classify the related pairs according to their semantic relation (i.e. synonymy, antonymy, hypernymy, part-whole mero...
computer science
16,234
Binary Paragraph Vectors
cs.CL
Recently Le & Mikolov described two log-linear models, called Paragraph Vector, that can be used to learn state-of-the-art distributed representations of documents. Inspired by this work, we present Binary Paragraph Vector models: simple neural networks that learn short binary codes for fast information retrieval. We s...
computer science
16,235
Answering Complicated Question Intents Expressed in Decomposed Question Sequences
cs.CL
Recent work in semantic parsing for question answering has focused on long and complicated questions, many of which would seem unnatural if asked in a normal conversation between two humans. In an effort to explore a conversational QA setting, we present a more realistic task: answering sequences of simple but inter-re...
computer science
16,236
Assessing the Ability of LSTMs to Learn Syntax-Sensitive Dependencies
cs.CL
The success of long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks in language processing is typically attributed to their ability to capture long-distance statistical regularities. Linguistic regularities are often sensitive to syntactic structure; can such dependencies be captured by LSTMs, which do not have explicit struc...
computer science
16,237
Learning Recurrent Span Representations for Extractive Question Answering
cs.CL
The reading comprehension task, that asks questions about a given evidence document, is a central problem in natural language understanding. Recent formulations of this task have typically focused on answer selection from a set of candidates pre-defined manually or through the use of an external NLP pipeline. However, ...
computer science
16,238
Morphological Inflection Generation with Hard Monotonic Attention
cs.CL
We present a neural model for morphological inflection generation which employs a hard attention mechanism, inspired by the nearly-monotonic alignment commonly found between the characters in a word and the characters in its inflection. We evaluate the model on three previously studied morphological inflection generati...
computer science
16,239
Bidirectional Attention Flow for Machine Comprehension
cs.CL
Machine comprehension (MC), answering a query about a given context paragraph, requires modeling complex interactions between the context and the query. Recently, attention mechanisms have been successfully extended to MC. Typically these methods use attention to focus on a small portion of the context and summarize it...
computer science
16,240
Reference-Aware Language Models
cs.CL
We propose a general class of language models that treat reference as an explicit stochastic latent variable. This architecture allows models to create mentions of entities and their attributes by accessing external databases (required by, e.g., dialogue generation and recipe generation) and internal state (required by...
computer science
16,241
Hierarchical Question Answering for Long Documents
cs.CL
We present a framework for question answering that can efficiently scale to longer documents while maintaining or even improving performance of state-of-the-art models. While most successful approaches for reading comprehension rely on recurrent neural networks (RNNs), running them over long documents is prohibitively ...
computer science
16,242
Latent Attention For If-Then Program Synthesis
cs.CL
Automatic translation from natural language descriptions into programs is a longstanding challenging problem. In this work, we consider a simple yet important sub-problem: translation from textual descriptions to If-Then programs. We devise a novel neural network architecture for this task which we train end-to-end. Sp...
computer science
16,243
Neural Machine Translation with Reconstruction
cs.CL
Although end-to-end Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has achieved remarkable progress in the past two years, it suffers from a major drawback: translations generated by NMT systems often lack of adequacy. It has been widely observed that NMT tends to repeatedly translate some source words while mistakenly ignoring othe...
computer science
16,244
AC-BLSTM: Asymmetric Convolutional Bidirectional LSTM Networks for Text Classification
cs.CL
Recently deeplearning models have been shown to be capable of making remarkable performance in sentences and documents classification tasks. In this work, we propose a novel framework called AC-BLSTM for modeling sentences and documents, which combines the asymmetric convolution neural network (ACNN) with the Bidirecti...
computer science
16,245
Keyphrase Annotation with Graph Co-Ranking
cs.CL
Keyphrase annotation is the task of identifying textual units that represent the main content of a document. Keyphrase annotation is either carried out by extracting the most important phrases from a document, keyphrase extraction, or by assigning entries from a controlled domain-specific vocabulary, keyphrase assignme...
computer science
16,246
Presenting a New Dataset for the Timeline Generation Problem
cs.CL
The timeline generation task summarises an entity's biography by selecting stories representing key events from a large pool of relevant documents. This paper addresses the lack of a standard dataset and evaluative methodology for the problem. We present and make publicly available a new dataset of 18,793 news articles...
computer science
16,247
:telephone::person::sailboat::whale::okhand:; or "Call me Ishmael" - How do you translate emoji?
cs.CL
We report on an exploratory analysis of Emoji Dick, a project that leverages crowdsourcing to translate Melville's Moby Dick into emoji. This distinctive use of emoji removes textual context, and leads to a varying translation quality. In this paper, we use statistical word alignment and part-of-speech tagging to explo...
computer science
16,248
Building a comprehensive syntactic and semantic corpus of Chinese clinical texts
cs.CL
Objective: To build a comprehensive corpus covering syntactic and semantic annotations of Chinese clinical texts with corresponding annotation guidelines and methods as well as to develop tools trained on the annotated corpus, which supplies baselines for research on Chinese texts in the clinical domain. Materials an...
computer science
16,249
A Convolutional Encoder Model for Neural Machine Translation
cs.CL
The prevalent approach to neural machine translation relies on bi-directional LSTMs to encode the source sentence. In this paper we present a faster and simpler architecture based on a succession of convolutional layers. This allows to encode the entire source sentence simultaneously compared to recurrent networks for ...
computer science
16,250
Cruciform: Solving Crosswords with Natural Language Processing
cs.CL
Crossword puzzles are popular word games that require not only a large vocabulary, but also a broad knowledge of topics. Answering each clue is a natural language task on its own as many clues contain nuances, puns, or counter-intuitive word definitions. Additionally, it can be extremely difficult to ascertain definiti...
computer science
16,251
Dependency Sensitive Convolutional Neural Networks for Modeling Sentences and Documents
cs.CL
The goal of sentence and document modeling is to accurately represent the meaning of sentences and documents for various Natural Language Processing tasks. In this work, we present Dependency Sensitive Convolutional Neural Networks (DSCNN) as a general-purpose classification system for both sentences and documents. DSC...
computer science
16,252
A Surrogate-based Generic Classifier for Chinese TV Series Reviews
cs.CL
With the emerging of various online video platforms like Youtube, Youku and LeTV, online TV series' reviews become more and more important both for viewers and producers. Customers rely heavily on these reviews before selecting TV series, while producers use them to improve the quality. As a result, automatically class...
computer science
16,253
Discriminative Acoustic Word Embeddings: Recurrent Neural Network-Based Approaches
cs.CL
Acoustic word embeddings --- fixed-dimensional vector representations of variable-length spoken word segments --- have begun to be considered for tasks such as speech recognition and query-by-example search. Such embeddings can be learned discriminatively so that they are similar for speech segments corresponding to th...
computer science
16,254
Contradiction Detection for Rumorous Claims
cs.CL
The utilization of social media material in journalistic workflows is increasing, demanding automated methods for the identification of mis- and disinformation. Since textual contradiction across social media posts can be a signal of rumorousness, we seek to model how claims in Twitter posts are being textually contrad...
computer science
16,255
Veracity Computing from Lexical Cues and Perceived Certainty Trends
cs.CL
We present a data-driven method for determining the veracity of a set of rumorous claims on social media data. Tweets from different sources pertaining to a rumor are processed on three levels: first, factuality values are assigned to each tweet based on four textual cue categories relevant for our journalism use case;...
computer science
16,256
Old Content and Modern Tools - Searching Named Entities in a Finnish OCRed Historical Newspaper Collection 1771-1910
cs.CL
Named Entity Recognition (NER), search, classification and tagging of names and name like frequent informational elements in texts, has become a standard information extraction procedure for textual data. NER has been applied to many types of texts and different types of entities: newspapers, fiction, historical record...
computer science
16,257
A Comparison of Word Embeddings for English and Cross-Lingual Chinese Word Sense Disambiguation
cs.CL
Word embeddings are now ubiquitous forms of word representation in natural language processing. There have been applications of word embeddings for monolingual word sense disambiguation (WSD) in English, but few comparisons have been done. This paper attempts to bridge that gap by examining popular embeddings for the t...
computer science
16,258
Distant supervision for emotion detection using Facebook reactions
cs.CL
We exploit the Facebook reaction feature in a distant supervised fashion to train a support vector machine classifier for emotion detection, using several feature combinations and combining different Facebook pages. We test our models on existing benchmarks for emotion detection and show that employing only information...
computer science
16,259
When silver glitters more than gold: Bootstrapping an Italian part-of-speech tagger for Twitter
cs.CL
We bootstrap a state-of-the-art part-of-speech tagger to tag Italian Twitter data, in the context of the Evalita 2016 PoSTWITA shared task. We show that training the tagger on native Twitter data enriched with little amounts of specifically selected gold data and additional silver-labelled data scraped from Facebook, y...
computer science
16,260
Tracing metaphors in time through self-distance in vector spaces
cs.CL
From a diachronic corpus of Italian, we build consecutive vector spaces in time and use them to compare a term's cosine similarity to itself in different time spans. We assume that a drop in similarity might be related to the emergence of a metaphorical sense at a given time. Similarity-based observations are matched t...
computer science
16,261
Efficient Summarization with Read-Again and Copy Mechanism
cs.CL
Encoder-decoder models have been widely used to solve sequence to sequence prediction tasks. However current approaches suffer from two shortcomings. First, the encoders compute a representation of each word taking into account only the history of the words it has read so far, yielding suboptimal representations. Secon...
computer science
16,262
Syntactic Enhancement to VSIMM for Roadmap Based Anomalous Trajectory Detection: A Natural Language Processing Approach
cs.CL
The aim of syntactic tracking is to classify spatio-temporal patterns of a target's motion using natural language processing models. In this paper, we generalize earlier work by considering a constrained stochastic context free grammar (CSCFG) for modeling patterns confined to a roadmap. The constrained grammar facilit...
computer science
16,263
Improving Reliability of Word Similarity Evaluation by Redesigning Annotation Task and Performance Measure
cs.CL
We suggest a new method for creating and using gold-standard datasets for word similarity evaluation. Our goal is to improve the reliability of the evaluation, and we do this by redesigning the annotation task to achieve higher inter-rater agreement, and by defining a performance measure which takes the reliability of ...
computer science
16,264
Training IBM Watson using Automatically Generated Question-Answer Pairs
cs.CL
IBM Watson is a cognitive computing system capable of question answering in natural languages. It is believed that IBM Watson can understand large corpora and answer relevant questions more effectively than any other question-answering system currently available. To unleash the full power of Watson, however, we need to...
computer science
16,265
Linguistically Regularized LSTMs for Sentiment Classification
cs.CL
Sentiment understanding has been a long-term goal of AI in the past decades. This paper deals with sentence-level sentiment classification. Though a variety of neural network models have been proposed very recently, however, previous models either depend on expensive phrase-level annotation, whose performance drops sub...
computer science
16,266
Multi-Language Identification Using Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network
cs.CL
Language Identification, being an important aspect of Automatic Speaker Recognition has had many changes and new approaches to ameliorate performance over the last decade. We compare the performance of using audio spectrum in the log scale and using Polyphonic sound sequences from raw audio samples to train the neural ...
computer science
16,267
Semi-automatic Simultaneous Interpreting Quality Evaluation
cs.CL
Increasing interpreting needs a more objective and automatic measurement. We hold a basic idea that 'translating means translating meaning' in that we can assessment interpretation quality by comparing the meaning of the interpreting output with the source input. That is, a translation unit of a 'chunk' named Frame whi...
computer science
16,268
Cross-lingual Dataless Classification for Languages with Small Wikipedia Presence
cs.CL
This paper presents an approach to classify documents in any language into an English topical label space, without any text categorization training data. The approach, Cross-Lingual Dataless Document Classification (CLDDC) relies on mapping the English labels or short category description into a Wikipedia-based semanti...
computer science
16,269
Joint Representation Learning of Text and Knowledge for Knowledge Graph Completion
cs.CL
Joint representation learning of text and knowledge within a unified semantic space enables us to perform knowledge graph completion more accurately. In this work, we propose a novel framework to embed words, entities and relations into the same continuous vector space. In this model, both entity and relation embedding...
computer science
16,270
SummaRuNNer: A Recurrent Neural Network based Sequence Model for Extractive Summarization of Documents
cs.CL
We present SummaRuNNer, a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) based sequence model for extractive summarization of documents and show that it achieves performance better than or comparable to state-of-the-art. Our model has the additional advantage of being very interpretable, since it allows visualization of its prediction...
computer science
16,271
A New Recurrent Neural CRF for Learning Non-linear Edge Features
cs.CL
Conditional Random Field (CRF) and recurrent neural models have achieved success in structured prediction. More recently, there is a marriage of CRF and recurrent neural models, so that we can gain from both non-linear dense features and globally normalized CRF objective. These recurrent neural CRF models mainly focus ...
computer science
16,272
F-Score Driven Max Margin Neural Network for Named Entity Recognition in Chinese Social Media
cs.CL
We focus on named entity recognition (NER) for Chinese social media. With massive unlabeled text and quite limited labelled corpus, we propose a semi-supervised learning model based on B-LSTM neural network. To take advantage of traditional methods in NER such as CRF, we combine transition probability with deep learnin...
computer science
16,273
Classify or Select: Neural Architectures for Extractive Document Summarization
cs.CL
We present two novel and contrasting Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) based architectures for extractive summarization of documents. The Classifier based architecture sequentially accepts or rejects each sentence in the original document order for its membership in the final summary. The Selector architecture, on the oth...
computer science
16,274
`Who would have thought of that!': A Hierarchical Topic Model for Extraction of Sarcasm-prevalent Topics and Sarcasm Detection
cs.CL
Topic Models have been reported to be beneficial for aspect-based sentiment analysis. This paper reports a simple topic model for sarcasm detection, a first, to the best of our knowledge. Designed on the basis of the intuition that sarcastic tweets are likely to have a mixture of words of both sentiments as against twe...
computer science
16,275
Character-level Convolutional Network for Text Classification Applied to Chinese Corpus
cs.CL
This article provides an interesting exploration of character-level convolutional neural network solving Chinese corpus text classification problem. We constructed a large-scale Chinese language dataset, and the result shows that character-level convolutional neural network works better on Chinese corpus than its corre...
computer science
16,276
Ranking medical jargon in electronic health record notes by adapted distant supervision
cs.CL
Objective: Allowing patients to access their own electronic health record (EHR) notes through online patient portals has the potential to improve patient-centered care. However, medical jargon, which abounds in EHR notes, has been shown to be a barrier for patient EHR comprehension. Existing knowledge bases that link m...
computer science
16,277
Multi-view Recurrent Neural Acoustic Word Embeddings
cs.CL
Recent work has begun exploring neural acoustic word embeddings---fixed-dimensional vector representations of arbitrary-length speech segments corresponding to words. Such embeddings are applicable to speech retrieval and recognition tasks, where reasoning about whole words may make it possible to avoid ambiguous sub-w...
computer science
16,278
Knowledge Enhanced Hybrid Neural Network for Text Matching
cs.CL
Long text brings a big challenge to semantic matching due to their complicated semantic and syntactic structures. To tackle the challenge, we consider using prior knowledge to help identify useful information and filter out noise to matching in long text. To this end, we propose a knowledge enhanced hybrid neural netwo...
computer science
16,279
A Neural Architecture Mimicking Humans End-to-End for Natural Language Inference
cs.CL
In this work we use the recent advances in representation learning to propose a neural architecture for the problem of natural language inference. Our approach is aligned to mimic how a human does the natural language inference process given two statements. The model uses variants of Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), atte...
computer science
16,280
Toward Multilingual Neural Machine Translation with Universal Encoder and Decoder
cs.CL
In this paper, we present our first attempts in building a multilingual Neural Machine Translation framework under a unified approach. We are then able to employ attention-based NMT for many-to-many multilingual translation tasks. Our approach does not require any special treatment on the network architecture and it al...
computer science
16,281
SimDoc: Topic Sequence Alignment based Document Similarity Framework
cs.CL
Document similarity is the problem of estimating the degree to which a given pair of documents has similar semantic content. An accurate document similarity measure can improve several enterprise relevant tasks such as document clustering, text mining, and question-answering. In this paper, we show that a document's th...
computer science
16,282
Lost in Space: Geolocation in Event Data
cs.CL
Extracting the "correct" location information from text data, i.e., determining the place of event, has long been a goal for automated text processing. To approximate human-like coding schema, we introduce a supervised machine learning algorithm that classifies each location word to be either correct or incorrect. We u...
computer science
16,283
Neural Machine Translation with Pivot Languages
cs.CL
While recent neural machine translation approaches have delivered state-of-the-art performance for resource-rich language pairs, they suffer from the data scarcity problem for resource-scarce language pairs. Although this problem can be alleviated by exploiting a pivot language to bridge the source and target languages...
computer science
16,284
End-to-End Neural Sentence Ordering Using Pointer Network
cs.CL
Sentence ordering is one of important tasks in NLP. Previous works mainly focused on improving its performance by using pair-wise strategy. However, it is nontrivial for pair-wise models to incorporate the contextual sentence information. In addition, error prorogation could be introduced by using the pipeline strategy...
computer science
16,285
Recurrent Neural Network based Part-of-Speech Tagger for Code-Mixed Social Media Text
cs.CL
This paper describes Centre for Development of Advanced Computing's (CDACM) submission to the shared task-'Tool Contest on POS tagging for Code-Mixed Indian Social Media (Facebook, Twitter, and Whatsapp) Text', collocated with ICON-2016. The shared task was to predict Part of Speech (POS) tag at word level for a given ...
computer science
16,286
How to do lexical quality estimation of a large OCRed historical Finnish newspaper collection with scarce resources
cs.CL
The National Library of Finland has digitized the historical newspapers published in Finland between 1771 and 1910. This collection contains approximately 1.95 million pages in Finnish and Swedish. Finnish part of the collection consists of about 2.40 billion words. The National Library's Digital Collections are offere...
computer science
16,287
The Life of Lazarillo de Tormes and of His Machine Learning Adversities
cs.CL
Summit work of the Spanish Golden Age and forefather of the so-called picaresque novel, The Life of Lazarillo de Tormes and of His Fortunes and Adversities still remains an anonymous text. Although distinguished scholars have tried to attribute it to different authors based on a variety of criteria, a consensus has yet...
computer science
16,288
A Feature-Enriched Neural Model for Joint Chinese Word Segmentation and Part-of-Speech Tagging
cs.CL
Recently, neural network models for natural language processing tasks have been increasingly focused on for their ability of alleviating the burden of manual feature engineering. However, the previous neural models cannot extract the complicated feature compositions as the traditional methods with discrete features. In...
computer science
16,289
What Do Recurrent Neural Network Grammars Learn About Syntax?
cs.CL
Recurrent neural network grammars (RNNG) are a recently proposed probabilistic generative modeling family for natural language. They show state-of-the-art language modeling and parsing performance. We investigate what information they learn, from a linguistic perspective, through various ablations to the model and the ...
computer science
16,290
Word and Document Embeddings based on Neural Network Approaches
cs.CL
Data representation is a fundamental task in machine learning. The representation of data affects the performance of the whole machine learning system. In a long history, the representation of data is done by feature engineering, and researchers aim at designing better features for specific tasks. Recently, the rapid d...
computer science
16,291
Tracking Words in Chinese Poetry of Tang and Song Dynasties with the China Biographical Database
cs.CL
Large-scale comparisons between the poetry of Tang and Song dynasties shed light on how words, collocations, and expressions were used and shared among the poets. That some words were used only in the Tang poetry and some only in the Song poetry could lead to interesting research in linguistics. That the most frequent ...
computer science
16,292
Incorporating Pass-Phrase Dependent Background Models for Text-Dependent Speaker Verification
cs.CL
In this paper, we propose pass-phrase dependent background models (PBMs) for text-dependent (TD) speaker verification (SV) to integrate the pass-phrase identification process into the conventional TD-SV system, where a PBM is derived from a text-independent background model through adaptation using the utterances of a ...
computer science
16,293
Text Classification Improved by Integrating Bidirectional LSTM with Two-dimensional Max Pooling
cs.CL
Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) is one of the most popular architectures used in Natural Language Processsing (NLP) tasks because its recurrent structure is very suitable to process variable-length text. RNN can utilize distributed representations of words by first converting the tokens comprising each text into vectors...
computer science
16,294
False-Friend Detection and Entity Matching via Unsupervised Transliteration
cs.CL
Transliterations play an important role in multilingual entity reference resolution, because proper names increasingly travel between languages in news and social media. Previous work associated with machine translation targets transliteration only single between language pairs, focuses on specific classes of entities ...
computer science
16,295
Bidirectional Tree-Structured LSTM with Head Lexicalization
cs.CL
Sequential LSTM has been extended to model tree structures, giving competitive results for a number of tasks. Existing methods model constituent trees by bottom-up combinations of constituent nodes, making direct use of input word information only for leaf nodes. This is different from sequential LSTMs, which contain r...
computer science
16,296
Learning to Distill: The Essence Vector Modeling Framework
cs.CL
In the context of natural language processing, representation learning has emerged as a newly active research subject because of its excellent performance in many applications. Learning representations of words is a pioneering study in this school of research. However, paragraph (or sentence and document) embedding lea...
computer science
16,297
Compositional Learning of Relation Path Embedding for Knowledge Base Completion
cs.CL
Large-scale knowledge bases have currently reached impressive sizes; however, these knowledge bases are still far from complete. In addition, most of the existing methods for knowledge base completion only consider the direct links between entities, ignoring the vital impact of the consistent semantics of relation path...
computer science
16,298
ATR4S: Toolkit with State-of-the-art Automatic Terms Recognition Methods in Scala
cs.CL
Automatically recognized terminology is widely used for various domain-specific texts processing tasks, such as machine translation, information retrieval or sentiment analysis. However, there is still no agreement on which methods are best suited for particular settings and, moreover, there is no reliable comparison o...
computer science
16,299
Emergent Predication Structure in Hidden State Vectors of Neural Readers
cs.CL
A significant number of neural architectures for reading comprehension have recently been developed and evaluated on large cloze-style datasets. We present experiments supporting the emergence of "predication structure" in the hidden state vectors of these readers. More specifically, we provide evidence that the hidden...
computer science
16,300
Kannada Spell Checker with Sandhi Splitter
cs.CL
Spelling errors are introduced in text either during typing, or when the user does not know the correct phoneme or grapheme. If a language contains complex words like sandhi where two or more morphemes join based on some rules, spell checking becomes very tedious. In such situations, having a spell checker with sandhi ...
computer science
16,301
Neural Machine Translation with Latent Semantic of Image and Text
cs.CL
Although attention-based Neural Machine Translation have achieved great success, attention-mechanism cannot capture the entire meaning of the source sentence because the attention mechanism generates a target word depending heavily on the relevant parts of the source sentence. The report of earlier studies has introduc...
computer science