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19,302
An Explanation Mechanism for Bayesian Inferencing Systems
cs.AI
Explanation facilities are a particularly important feature of expert system frameworks. It is an area in which traditional rule-based expert system frameworks have had mixed results. While explanations about control are well handled, facilities are needed for generating better explanations concerning knowledge base co...
computer science
19,303
Distributed Revision of Belief Commitment in Multi-Hypothesis Interpretations
cs.AI
This paper extends the applications of belief-networks to include the revision of belief commitments, i.e., the categorical acceptance of a subset of hypotheses which, together, constitute the most satisfactory explanation of the evidence at hand. A coherent model of non-monotonic reasoning is established and distribut...
computer science
19,304
Learning Link-Probabilities in Causal Trees
cs.AI
A learning algorithm is presented which given the structure of a causal tree, will estimate its link probabilities by sequential measurements on the leaves only. Internal nodes of the tree represent conceptual (hidden) variables inaccessible to observation. The method described is incremental, local, efficient, and rem...
computer science
19,305
Approximate Deduction in Single Evidential Bodies
cs.AI
Results on approximate deduction in the context of the calculus of evidence of Dempster-Shafer and the theory of interval probabilities are reported. Approximate conditional knowledge about the truth of conditional propositions was assumed available and expressed as sets of possible values (actually numeric intervals) ...
computer science
19,306
The Rational and Computational Scope of Probabilistic Rule-Based Expert Systems
cs.AI
Belief updating schemes in artificial intelligence may be viewed as three dimensional languages, consisting of a syntax (e.g. probabilities or certainty factors), a calculus (e.g. Bayesian or CF combination rules), and a semantics (i.e. cognitive interpretations of competing formalisms). This paper studies the rational...
computer science
19,307
A Causal Bayesian Model for the Diagnosis of Appendicitis
cs.AI
The causal Bayesian approach is based on the assumption that effects (e.g., symptoms) that are not conditionally independent with respect to some causal agent (e.g., a disease) are conditionally independent with respect to some intermediate state caused by the agent, (e.g., a pathological condition). This paper describ...
computer science
19,308
A Backwards View for Assessment
cs.AI
Much artificial intelligence research focuses on the problem of deducing the validity of unobservable propositions or hypotheses from observable evidence.! Many of the knowledge representation techniques designed for this problem encode the relationship between evidence and hypothesis in a directed manner. Moreover, th...
computer science
19,309
DAVID: Influence Diagram Processing System for the Macintosh
cs.AI
Influence diagrams are a directed graph representation for uncertainties as probabilities. The graph distinguishes between those variables which are under the control of a decision maker (decisions, shown as rectangles) and those which are not (chances, shown as ovals), as well as explicitly denoting a goal for solutio...
computer science
19,310
Propagation of Belief Functions: A Distributed Approach
cs.AI
In this paper, we describe a scheme for propagating belief functions in certain kinds of trees using only local computations. This scheme generalizes the computational scheme proposed by Shafer and Logan1 for diagnostic trees of the type studied by Gordon and Shortliffe, and the slightly more general scheme given by Sh...
computer science
19,311
Appropriate and Inappropriate Estimation Techniques
cs.AI
Mode {also called MAP} estimation, mean estimation and median estimation are examined here to determine when they can be safely used to derive {posterior) cost minimizing estimates. (These are all Bayes procedures, using the mode. mean. or median of the posterior distribution). It is found that modal estimation only re...
computer science
19,312
Estimating Uncertain Spatial Relationships in Robotics
cs.AI
In this paper, we describe a representation for spatial information, called the stochastic map, and associated procedures for building it, reading information from it, and revising it incrementally as new information is obtained. The map contains the estimates of relationships among objects in the map, and their uncert...
computer science
19,313
A VLSI Design and Implementation for a Real-Time Approximate Reasoning
cs.AI
The role of inferencing with uncertainty is becoming more important in rule-based expert systems (ES), since knowledge given by a human expert is often uncertain or imprecise. We have succeeded in designing a VLSI chip which can perform an entire inference process based on fuzzy logic. The design of the VLSI fuzzy infe...
computer science
19,314
A General Purpose Inference Engine for Evidential Reasoning Research
cs.AI
The purpose of this paper is to report on the most recent developments in our ongoing investigation of the representation and manipulation of uncertainty in automated reasoning systems. In our earlier studies (Tong and Shapiro, 1985) we described a series of experiments with RUBRIC (Tong et al., 1985), a system for ful...
computer science
19,315
Generalizing Fuzzy Logic Probabilistic Inferences
cs.AI
Linear representations for a subclass of boolean symmetric functions selected by a parity condition are shown to constitute a generalization of the linear constraints on probabilities introduced by Boole. These linear constraints are necessary to compute probabilities of events with relations between the. arbitrarily s...
computer science
19,316
Qualitative Probabilistic Networks for Planning Under Uncertainty
cs.AI
Bayesian networks provide a probabilistic semantics for qualitative assertions about likelihood. A qualitative reasoner based on an algebra over these assertions can derive further conclusions about the influence of actions. While the conclusions are much weaker than those computed from complete probability distributio...
computer science
19,317
Experimentally Comparing Uncertain Inference Systems to Probability
cs.AI
This paper examines the biases and performance of several uncertain inference systems: Mycin, a variant of Mycin. and a simplified version of probability using conditional independence assumptions. We present axiomatic arguments for using Minimum Cross Entropy inference as the best way to do uncertain inference. For My...
computer science
19,318
Evaluation of Uncertain Inference Models I: PROSPECTOR
cs.AI
This paper examines the accuracy of the PROSPECTOR model for uncertain reasoning. PROSPECTOR's solutions for a large number of computer-generated inference networks were compared to those obtained from probability theory and minimum cross-entropy calculations. PROSPECTOR's answers were generally accurate for a restrict...
computer science
19,319
On Implementing Usual Values
cs.AI
In many cases commonsense knowledge consists of knowledge of what is usual. In this paper we develop a system for reasoning with usual information. This system is based upon the fact that these pieces of commonsense information involve both a probabilistic aspect and a granular aspect. We implement this system with the...
computer science
19,320
On the Combinality of Evidence in the Dempster-Shafer Theory
cs.AI
In the current versions of the Dempster-Shafer theory, the only essential restriction on the validity of the rule of combination is that the sources of evidence must be statistically independent. Under this assumption, it is permissible to apply the Dempster-Shafer rule to two or mere distinct probability distributions...
computer science
19,321
Logical Probability Preferences
cs.AI
We present a unified logical framework for representing and reasoning about both probability quantitative and qualitative preferences in probability answer set programming, called probability answer set optimization programs. The proposed framework is vital to allow defining probability quantitative preferences over th...
computer science
19,322
From Constraints to Resolution Rules, Part I: Conceptual Framework
cs.AI
Many real world problems naturally appear as constraints satisfaction problems (CSP), for which very efficient algorithms are known. Most of these involve the combination of two techniques: some direct propagation of constraints between variables (with the goal of reducing their sets of possible values) and some kind o...
computer science
19,323
From Constraints to Resolution Rules, Part II: chains, braids, confluence and T&E
cs.AI
In this Part II, we apply the general theory developed in Part I to a detailed analysis of the Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP). We show how specific types of resolution rules can be defined. In particular, we introduce the general notions of a chain and a braid. As in Part I, these notions are illustrated in deta...
computer science
19,324
An Inequality Paradigm for Probabilistic Knowledge
cs.AI
We propose an inequality paradigm for probabilistic reasoning based on a logic of upper and lower bounds on conditional probabilities. We investigate a family of probabilistic logics, generalizing the work of Nilsson [14]. We develop a variety of logical notions for probabilistic reasoning, including soundness, complet...
computer science
19,325
Probabilistic Interpretations for MYCIN's Certainty Factors
cs.AI
This paper examines the quantities used by MYCIN to reason with uncertainty, called certainty factors. It is shown that the original definition of certainty factors is inconsistent with the functions used in MYCIN to combine the quantities. This inconsistency is used to argue for a redefinition of certainty factors in ...
computer science
19,326
Uncertain Reasoning Using Maximum Entropy Inference
cs.AI
The use of maximum entropy inference in reasoning with uncertain information is commonly justified by an information-theoretic argument. This paper discusses a possible objection to this information-theoretic justification and shows how it can be met. I then compare maximum entropy inference with certain other currentl...
computer science
19,327
Independence and Bayesian Updating Methods
cs.AI
Duda, Hart, and Nilsson have set forth a method for rule-based inference systems to use in updating the probabilities of hypotheses on the basis of multiple items of new evidence. Pednault, Zucker, and Muresan claimed to give conditions under which independence assumptions made by Duda et al. preclude updating-that is,...
computer science
19,328
A Constraint Propagation Approach to Probabilistic Reasoning
cs.AI
The paper demonstrates that strict adherence to probability theory does not preclude the use of concurrent, self-activated constraint-propagation mechanisms for managing uncertainty. Maintaining local records of sources-of-belief allows both predictive and diagnostic inferences to be activated simultaneously and propag...
computer science
19,329
Relative Entropy, Probabilistic Inference and AI
cs.AI
Various properties of relative entropy have led to its widespread use in information theory. These properties suggest that relative entropy has a role to play in systems that attempt to perform inference in terms of probability distributions. In this paper, I will review some basic properties of relative entropy as wel...
computer science
19,330
Foundations of Probability Theory for AI - The Application of Algorithmic Probability to Problems in Artificial Intelligence
cs.AI
This paper covers two topics: first an introduction to Algorithmic Complexity Theory: how it defines probability, some of its characteristic properties and past successful applications. Second, we apply it to problems in A.I. - where it promises to give near optimum search procedures for two very broad classes of probl...
computer science
19,331
Selecting Uncertainty Calculi and Granularity: An Experiment in Trading-Off Precision and Complexity
cs.AI
The management of uncertainty in expert systems has usually been left to ad hoc representations and rules of combinations lacking either a sound theory or clear semantics. The objective of this paper is to establish a theoretical basis for defining the syntax and semantics of a small subset of calculi of uncertainty op...
computer science
19,332
A Framework for Non-Monotonic Reasoning About Probabilistic Assumptions
cs.AI
Attempts to replicate probabilistic reasoning in expert systems have typically overlooked a critical ingredient of that process. Probabilistic analysis typically requires extensive judgments regarding interdependencies among hypotheses and data, and regarding the appropriateness of various alternative models. The appli...
computer science
19,333
Metaprobability and Dempster-Shafer in Evidential Reasoning
cs.AI
Evidential reasoning in expert systems has often used ad-hoc uncertainty calculi. Although it is generally accepted that probability theory provides a firm theoretical foundation, researchers have found some problems with its use as a workable uncertainty calculus. Among these problems are representation of ignorance, ...
computer science
19,334
Implementing Probabilistic Reasoning
cs.AI
General problems in analyzing information in a probabilistic database are considered. The practical difficulties (and occasional advantages) of storing uncertain data, of using it conventional forward- or backward-chaining inference engines, and of working with a probabilistic version of resolution are discussed. The b...
computer science
19,335
Probability Judgement in Artificial Intelligence
cs.AI
This paper is concerned with two theories of probability judgment: the Bayesian theory and the theory of belief functions. It illustrates these theories with some simple examples and discusses some of the issues that arise when we try to implement them in expert systems. The Bayesian theory is well known; its main idea...
computer science
19,336
A Framework for Comparing Uncertain Inference Systems to Probability
cs.AI
Several different uncertain inference systems (UISs) have been developed for representing uncertainty in rule-based expert systems. Some of these, such as Mycin's Certainty Factors, Prospector, and Bayes' Networks were designed as approximations to probability, and others, such as Fuzzy Set Theory and DempsterShafer Be...
computer science
19,337
Inductive Inference and the Representation of Uncertainty
cs.AI
The form and justification of inductive inference rules depend strongly on the representation of uncertainty. This paper examines one generic representation, namely, incomplete information. The notion can be formalized by presuming that the relevant probabilities in a decision problem are known only to the extent that ...
computer science
19,338
Induction, of and by Probability
cs.AI
This paper examines some methods and ideas underlying the author's successful probabilistic learning systems(PLS), which have proven uniquely effective and efficient in generalization learning or induction. While the emerging principles are generally applicable, this paper illustrates them in heuristic search, which de...
computer science
19,339
An Odds Ratio Based Inference Engine
cs.AI
Expert systems applications that involve uncertain inference can be represented by a multidimensional contingency table. These tables offer a general approach to inferring with uncertain evidence, because they can embody any form of association between any number of pieces of evidence and conclusions. (Simpler models m...
computer science
19,340
A Framework for Control Strategies in Uncertain Inference Networks
cs.AI
Control Strategies for hierarchical tree-like probabilistic inference networks are formulated and investigated. Strategies that utilize staged look-ahead and temporary focus on subgoals are formalized and refined using the Depth Vector concept that serves as a tool for defining the 'virtual tree' regarded by the contro...
computer science
19,341
Combining Uncertain Estimates
cs.AI
In a real expert system, one may have unreliable, unconfident, conflicting estimates of the value for a particular parameter. It is important for decision making that the information present in this aggregate somehow find its way into use. We cast the problem of representing and combining uncertain estimates as selecti...
computer science
19,342
Confidence Factors, Empiricism and the Dempster-Shafer Theory of Evidence
cs.AI
The issue of confidence factors in Knowledge Based Systems has become increasingly important and Dempster-Shafer (DS) theory has become increasingly popular as a basis for these factors. This paper discusses the need for an empirical lnterpretatlon of any theory of confidence factors applied to Knowledge Based Systems ...
computer science
19,343
Incidence Calculus: A Mechanism for Probabilistic Reasoning
cs.AI
Mechanisms for the automation of uncertainty are required for expert systems. Sometimes these mechanisms need to obey the properties of probabilistic reasoning. A purely numeric mechanism, like those proposed so far, cannot provide a probabilistic logic with truth functional connectives. We propose an alternative mecha...
computer science
19,344
Evidential Confirmation as Transformed Probability
cs.AI
A considerable body of work in AI has been concerned with aggregating measures of confirmatory and disconfirmatory evidence for a common set of propositions. Claiming classical probability to be inadequate or inappropriate, several researchers have gone so far as to invent new formalisms and methods. We show how to rep...
computer science
19,345
Interval-Based Decisions for Reasoning Systems
cs.AI
This essay looks at decision-making with interval-valued probability measures. Existing decision methods have either supplemented expected utility methods with additional criteria of optimality, or have attempted to supplement the interval-valued measures. We advocate a new approach, which makes the following questions...
computer science
19,346
Machine Generalization and Human Categorization: An Information-Theoretic View
cs.AI
In designing an intelligent system that must be able to explain its reasoning to a human user, or to provide generalizations that the human user finds reasonable, it may be useful to take into consideration psychological data on what types of concepts and categories people naturally use. The psychological literature on...
computer science
19,347
Exact Reasoning Under Uncertainty
cs.AI
This paper focuses on designing expert systems to support decision making in complex, uncertain environments. In this context, our research indicates that strictly probabilistic representations, which enable the use of decision-theoretic reasoning, are highly preferable to recently proposed alternatives (e.g., fuzzy se...
computer science
19,348
The Estimation of Subjective Probabilities via Categorical Judgments of Uncertainty
cs.AI
Theoretically as well as experimentally it is investigated how people represent their knowledge in order to make decisions or to share their knowledge with others. Experiment 1 probes into the ways how people 6ather information about the frequencies of events and how the requested response mode, that is, numerical vs. ...
computer science
19,349
A Cure for Pathological Behavior in Games that Use Minimax
cs.AI
The traditional approach to choosing moves in game-playing programs is the minimax procedure. The general belief underlying its use is that increasing search depth improves play. Recent research has shown that given certain simplifying assumptions about a game tree's structure, this belief is erroneous: searching deepe...
computer science
19,350
An Evaluation of Two Alternatives to Minimax
cs.AI
In the field of Artificial Intelligence, traditional approaches to choosing moves in games involve the we of the minimax algorithm. However, recent research results indicate that minimizing may not always be the best approach. In this paper we summarize the results of some measurements on several model games with sever...
computer science
19,351
Intelligent Probabilistic Inference
cs.AI
The analysis of practical probabilistic models on the computer demands a convenient representation for the available knowledge and an efficient algorithm to perform inference. An appealing representation is the influence diagram, a network that makes explicit the random variables in a model and their probabilistic depe...
computer science
19,352
Strong & Weak Methods: A Logical View of Uncertainty
cs.AI
The last few years has seen a growing debate about techniques for managing uncertainty in AI systems. Unfortunately this debate has been cast as a rivalry between AI methods and classical probability based ones. Three arguments for extending the probability framework of uncertainty are presented, none of which imply a ...
computer science
19,353
Probabilistic Conflict Resolution in Hierarchical Hypothesis Spaces
cs.AI
Artificial intelligence applications such as industrial robotics, military surveillance, and hazardous environment clean-up, require situation understanding based on partial, uncertain, and ambiguous or erroneous evidence. It is necessary to evaluate the relative likelihood of multiple possible hypotheses of the (curre...
computer science
19,354
Knowledge Structures and Evidential Reasoning in Decision Analysis
cs.AI
The roles played by decision factors in making complex subject are decisions are characterized by how these factors affect the overall decision. Evidence that partially matches a factor is evaluated, and then effective computational rules are applied to these roles to form an appropriate aggregation of the evidence. Th...
computer science
19,355
Logical Stochastic Optimization
cs.AI
We present a logical framework to represent and reason about stochastic optimization problems based on probability answer set programming. This is established by allowing probability optimization aggregates, e.g., minimum and maximum in the language of probability answer set programming to allow minimization or maximiz...
computer science
19,356
Evolutionary Turing in the Context of Evolutionary Machines
cs.AI
One of the roots of evolutionary computation was the idea of Turing about unorganized machines. The goal of this work is the development of foundations for evolutionary computations, connecting Turing's ideas and the contemporary state of art in evolutionary computations. To achieve this goal, we develop a general appr...
computer science
19,357
Proceedings of the Sixteenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (2000)
cs.AI
This is the Proceedings of the Sixteenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, which was held in San Francisco, CA, June 30 - July 3, 2000
computer science
19,358
Proceedings of the Fifteenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (1999)
cs.AI
This is the Proceedings of the Fifteenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, which was held in Stockholm Sweden, July 30 - August 1, 1999
computer science
19,359
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (1998)
cs.AI
This is the Proceedings of the Fourteenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, which was held in Madison, WI, July 24-26, 1998
computer science
19,360
Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (1997)
cs.AI
This is the Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, which was held in Providence, RI, August 1-3, 1997
computer science
19,361
Proceedings of the Twelfth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (1996)
cs.AI
This is the Proceedings of the Twelfth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, which was held in Portland, OR, August 1-4, 1996
computer science
19,362
Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (1995)
cs.AI
This is the Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, which was held in Montreal, QU, August 18-20, 1995
computer science
19,363
Proceedings of the Tenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (1994)
cs.AI
This is the Proceedings of the Tenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, which was held in Seattle, WA, July 29-31, 1994
computer science
19,364
Proceedings of the Ninth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (1993)
cs.AI
This is the Proceedings of the Ninth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, which was held in Washington, DC, July 9-11, 1993
computer science
19,365
Proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (1992)
cs.AI
This is the Proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, which was held in Stanford, CA, July 17-19, 1992
computer science
19,366
Proceedings of the Seventh Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (1991)
cs.AI
This is the Proceedings of the Seventh Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, which was held in Los Angeles, CA, July 13-15, 1991
computer science
19,367
Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (1990)
cs.AI
This is the Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, which was held in Cambridge, MA, Jul 27 - Jul 29, 1990
computer science
19,368
Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (1989)
cs.AI
This is the Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, which was held in Windsor, ON, August 18-20, 1989
computer science
19,369
Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (1988)
cs.AI
This is the Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, which was held in Minneapolis, MN, July 10-12, 1988
computer science
19,370
Proceedings of the Third Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (1987)
cs.AI
This is the Proceedings of the Third Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, which was held in Seattle, WA, July 10-12, 1987
computer science
19,371
Proceedings of the Second Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (1986)
cs.AI
This is the Proceedings of the Second Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, which was held in Philadelphia, PA, August 8-10, 1986
computer science
19,372
Justificatory and Explanatory Argumentation for Committing Agents
cs.AI
In the interaction between agents we can have an explicative discourse, when communicating preferences or intentions, and a normative discourse, when considering normative knowledge. For justifying their actions our agents are endowed with a Justification and Explanation Logic (JEL), capable to cover both the justifica...
computer science
19,373
Proceedings of the First Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (1985)
cs.AI
This is the Proceedings of the First Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, which was held in Los Angeles, CA, July 10-12, 1985
computer science
19,374
RockIt: Exploiting Parallelism and Symmetry for MAP Inference in Statistical Relational Models
cs.AI
RockIt is a maximum a-posteriori (MAP) query engine for statistical relational models. MAP inference in graphical models is an optimization problem which can be compiled to integer linear programs (ILPs). We describe several advances in translating MAP queries to ILP instances and present the novel meta-algorithm cutti...
computer science
19,375
Mining to Compact CNF Propositional Formulae
cs.AI
In this paper, we propose a first application of data mining techniques to propositional satisfiability. Our proposed Mining4SAT approach aims to discover and to exploit hidden structural knowledge for reducing the size of propositional formulae in conjunctive normal form (CNF). Mining4SAT combines both frequent itemse...
computer science
19,376
h-approximation: History-Based Approximation of Possible World Semantics as ASP
cs.AI
We propose an approximation of the Possible Worlds Semantics (PWS) for action planning. A corresponding planning system is implemented by a transformation of the action specification to an Answer-Set Program. A novelty is support for postdiction wrt. (a) the plan existence problem in our framework can be solved in NP, ...
computer science
19,377
Improvement/Extension of Modular Systems as Combinatorial Reengineering (Survey)
cs.AI
The paper describes development (improvement/extension) approaches for composite (modular) systems (as combinatorial reengineering). The following system improvement/extension actions are considered: (a) improvement of systems component(s) (e.g., improvement of a system component, replacement of a system component); (b...
computer science
19,378
Solving WCSP by Extraction of Minimal Unsatisfiable Cores
cs.AI
Usual techniques to solve WCSP are based on cost transfer operations coupled with a branch and bound algorithm. In this paper, we focus on an approach integrating extraction and relaxation of Minimal Unsatisfiable Cores in order to solve this problem. We decline our approach in two ways: an incomplete, greedy, algorith...
computer science
19,379
OntoRich - A Support Tool for Semi-Automatic Ontology Enrichment and Evaluation
cs.AI
This paper presents the OntoRich framework, a support tool for semi-automatic ontology enrichment and evaluation. The WordNet is used to extract candidates for dynamic ontology enrichment from RSS streams. With the integration of OpenNLP the system gains access to syntactic analysis of the RSS news. The enriched ontolo...
computer science
19,380
Enacting Social Argumentative Machines in Semantic Wikipedia
cs.AI
This research advocates the idea of combining argumentation theory with the social web technology, aiming to enact large scale or mass argumentation. The proposed framework allows mass-collaborative editing of structured arguments in the style of semantic wikipedia. The long term goal is to apply the abstract machinery...
computer science
19,381
A novice looks at emotional cognition
cs.AI
Modeling emotional-cognition is in a nascent stage and therefore wide-open for new ideas and discussions. In this paper the author looks at the modeling problem by bringing in ideas from axiomatic mathematics, information theory, computer science, molecular biology, non-linear dynamical systems and quantum computing an...
computer science
19,382
Exchanging OWL 2 QL Knowledge Bases
cs.AI
Knowledge base exchange is an important problem in the area of data exchange and knowledge representation, where one is interested in exchanging information between a source and a target knowledge base connected through a mapping. In this paper, we study this fundamental problem for knowledge bases and mappings express...
computer science
19,383
Towards an Extension of the 2-tuple Linguistic Model to Deal With Unbalanced Linguistic Term sets
cs.AI
In the domain of Computing with words (CW), fuzzy linguistic approaches are known to be relevant in many decision-making problems. Indeed, they allow us to model the human reasoning in replacing words, assessments, preferences, choices, wishes... by ad hoc variables, such as fuzzy sets or more sophisticated variables. ...
computer science
19,384
Three Generalizations of the FOCUS Constraint
cs.AI
The FOCUS constraint expresses the notion that solutions are concentrated. In practice, this constraint suffers from the rigidity of its semantics. To tackle this issue, we propose three generalizations of the FOCUS constraint. We provide for each one a complete filtering algorithm as well as discussing decompositions.
computer science
19,385
Automating the Dispute Resolution in Task Dependency Network
cs.AI
When perturbation or unexpected events do occur, agents need protocols for repairing or reforming the supply chain. Unfortunate contingency could increase too much the cost of performance, while breaching the current contract may be more efficient. In our framework the principles of contract law are applied to set pena...
computer science
19,386
Verification of Inconsistency-Aware Knowledge and Action Bases (Extended Version)
cs.AI
Description Logic Knowledge and Action Bases (KABs) have been recently introduced as a mechanism that provides a semantically rich representation of the information on the domain of interest in terms of a DL KB and a set of actions to change such information over time, possibly introducing new objects. In this setting,...
computer science
19,387
Non Deterministic Logic Programs
cs.AI
Non deterministic applications arise in many domains, including, stochastic optimization, multi-objectives optimization, stochastic planning, contingent stochastic planning, reinforcement learning, reinforcement learning in partially observable Markov decision processes, and conditional planning. We present a logic pro...
computer science
19,388
Solution of the Decision Making Problems using Fuzzy Soft Relations
cs.AI
The Fuzzy Modeling has been applied in a wide variety of fields such as Engineering and Management Sciences and Social Sciences to solve a number Decision Making Problems which involve impreciseness, uncertainty and vagueness in data. In particular, applications of this Modeling technique in Decision Making Problems ha...
computer science
19,389
Solution of System of Linear Equations - A Neuro-Fuzzy Approach
cs.AI
Neuro-Fuzzy Modeling has been applied in a wide variety of fields such as Decision Making, Engineering and Management Sciences etc. In particular, applications of this Modeling technique in Decision Making by involving complex Systems of Linear Algebraic Equations have remarkable significance. In this Paper, we present...
computer science
19,390
Universal Induction with Varying Sets of Combinators
cs.AI
Universal induction is a crucial issue in AGI. Its practical applicability can be achieved by the choice of the reference machine or representation of algorithms agreed with the environment. This machine should be updatable for solving subsequent tasks more efficiently. We study this problem on an example of combinator...
computer science
19,391
First-Order Decomposition Trees
cs.AI
Lifting attempts to speed up probabilistic inference by exploiting symmetries in the model. Exact lifted inference methods, like their propositional counterparts, work by recursively decomposing the model and the problem. In the propositional case, there exist formal structures, such as decomposition trees (dtrees), th...
computer science
19,392
LLAMA: Leveraging Learning to Automatically Manage Algorithms
cs.AI
Algorithm portfolio and selection approaches have achieved remarkable improvements over single solvers. However, the implementation of such systems is often highly customised and specific to the problem domain. This makes it difficult for researchers to explore different techniques for their specific problems. We prese...
computer science
19,393
Direct Uncertainty Estimation in Reinforcement Learning
cs.AI
Optimal probabilistic approach in reinforcement learning is computationally infeasible. Its simplification consisting in neglecting difference between true environment and its model estimated using limited number of observations causes exploration vs exploitation problem. Uncertainty can be expressed in terms of a prob...
computer science
19,394
Extending Universal Intelligence Models with Formal Notion of Representation
cs.AI
Solomonoff induction is known to be universal, but incomputable. Its approximations, namely, the Minimum Description (or Message) Length (MDL) principles, are adopted in practice in the efficient, but non-universal form. Recent attempts to bridge this gap leaded to development of the Representational MDL principle that...
computer science
19,395
Flexibly-bounded Rationality and Marginalization of Irrationality Theories for Decision Making
cs.AI
In this paper the theory of flexibly-bounded rationality which is an extension to the theory of bounded rationality is revisited. Rational decision making involves using information which is almost always imperfect and incomplete together with some intelligent machine which if it is a human being is inconsistent to mak...
computer science
19,396
The Effect of Biased Communications On Both Trusting and Suspicious Voters
cs.AI
In recent studies of political decision-making, apparently anomalous behavior has been observed on the part of voters, in which negative information about a candidate strengthens, rather than weakens, a prior positive opinion about the candidate. This behavior appears to run counter to rational models of decision makin...
computer science
19,397
Sparse Auto-Regressive: Robust Estimation of AR Parameters
cs.AI
In this paper I present a new approach for regression of time series using their own samples. This is a celebrated problem known as Auto-Regression. Dealing with outlier or missed samples in a time series makes the problem of estimation difficult, so it should be robust against them. Moreover for coding purposes I will...
computer science
19,398
Encoding Petri Nets in Answer Set Programming for Simulation Based Reasoning
cs.AI
One of our long term research goals is to develop systems to answer realistic questions (e.g., some mentioned in textbooks) about biological pathways that a biologist may ask. To answer such questions we need formalisms that can model pathways, simulate their execution, model intervention to those pathways, and compare...
computer science
19,399
Encoding Higher Level Extensions of Petri Nets in Answer Set Programming
cs.AI
Answering realistic questions about biological systems and pathways similar to the ones used by text books to test understanding of students about biological systems is one of our long term research goals. Often these questions require simulation based reasoning. To answer such questions, we need formalisms to build pa...
computer science
19,400
The Rise and Fall of Semantic Rule Updates Based on SE-Models
cs.AI
Logic programs under the stable model semantics, or answer-set programs, provide an expressive rule-based knowledge representation framework, featuring a formal, declarative and well-understood semantics. However, handling the evolution of rule bases is still a largely open problem. The AGM framework for belief change ...
computer science
19,401
The SP theory of intelligence: an overview
cs.AI
This article is an overview of the "SP theory of intelligence". The theory aims to simplify and integrate concepts across artificial intelligence, mainstream computing and human perception and cognition, with information compression as a unifying theme. It is conceived as a brain-like system that receives 'New' informa...
computer science