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21,402
Abstractly Interpreting Argumentation Frameworks for Sharpening Extensions
cs.AI
Cycles of attacking arguments pose non-trivial issues in Dung style argumentation theory, apparent behavioural difference between odd and even length cycles being a notable one. While a few methods were proposed for treating them, to - in particular - enable selection of acceptable arguments in an odd-length cycle when...
computer science
21,403
Learning from Richer Human Guidance: Augmenting Comparison-Based Learning with Feature Queries
cs.AI
We focus on learning the desired objective function for a robot. Although trajectory demonstrations can be very informative of the desired objective, they can also be difficult for users to provide. Answers to comparison queries, asking which of two trajectories is preferable, are much easier for users, and have emerge...
computer science
21,404
Augmented Artificial Intelligence: a Conceptual Framework
cs.AI
All artificial Intelligence (AI) systems make errors. These errors are unexpected, and differ often from the typical human mistakes ("non-human" errors). The AI errors should be corrected without damage of existing skills and, hopefully, avoiding direct human expertise. This paper presents an initial summary report of ...
computer science
21,405
Evolutionary Computation plus Dynamic Programming for the Bi-Objective Travelling Thief Problem
cs.AI
This research proposes a novel indicator-based hybrid evolutionary approach that combines approximate and exact algorithms. We apply it to a new bi-criteria formulation of the travelling thief problem, which is known to the Evolutionary Computation community as a benchmark multi-component optimisation problem that inte...
computer science
21,406
Efficient Learning of Bounded-Treewidth Bayesian Networks from Complete and Incomplete Data Sets
cs.AI
Learning a Bayesian networks with bounded treewidth is important for reducing the complexity of the inferences. We present a novel anytime algorithm (k-MAX) method for this task, which scales up to thousands of variables. Through extensive experiments we show that it consistently yields higher-scoring structures than i...
computer science
21,407
Balancing Two-Player Stochastic Games with Soft Q-Learning
cs.AI
Within the context of video games the notion of perfectly rational agents can be undesirable as it leads to uninteresting situations, where humans face tough adversarial decision makers. Current frameworks for stochastic games and reinforcement learning prohibit tuneable strategies as they seek optimal performance. In ...
computer science
21,408
Narrow Artificial Intelligence with Machine Learning for Real-Time Estimation of a Mobile Agents Location Using Hidden Markov Models
cs.AI
We propose to use a supervised machine learning technique to track the location of a mobile agent in real time. Hidden Markov Models are used to build artificial intelligence that estimates the unknown position of a mobile target moving in a defined environment. This narrow artificial intelligence performs two distinct...
computer science
21,409
More Robust Doubly Robust Off-policy Evaluation
cs.AI
We study the problem of off-policy evaluation (OPE) in reinforcement learning (RL), where the goal is to estimate the performance of a policy from the data generated by another policy(ies). In particular, we focus on the doubly robust (DR) estimators that consist of an importance sampling (IS) component and a performan...
computer science
21,410
Graph Planning with Expected Finite Horizon
cs.AI
Graph planning gives rise to fundamental algorithmic questions such as shortest path, traveling salesman problem, etc. A classical problem in discrete planning is to consider a weighted graph and construct a path that maximizes the sum of weights for a given time horizon $T$. However, in many scenarios, the time horizo...
computer science
21,411
Distinguishing Question Subjectivity from Difficulty for Improved Crowdsourcing
cs.AI
The questions in a crowdsourcing task typically exhibit varying degrees of difficulty and subjectivity. Their joint effects give rise to the variation in responses to the same question by different crowd-workers. This variation is low when the question is easy to answer and objective, and high when it is difficult and ...
computer science
21,412
The Complex Event Recognition Group
cs.AI
The Complex Event Recognition (CER) group is a research team, affiliated with the National Centre of Scientific Research "Demokritos" in Greece. The CER group works towards advanced and efficient methods for the recognition of complex events in a multitude of large, heterogeneous and interdependent data streams. Its re...
computer science
21,413
Reasoning in a Hierarchical System with Missing Group Size Information
cs.AI
The paper analyzes the problem of judgments or preferences subsequent to initial analysis by autonomous agents in a hierarchical system where the higher level agents does not have access to group size information. We propose methods that reduce instances of preference reversal of the kind encountered in Simpson's parad...
computer science
21,414
A New Multi Criteria Decision Making Method: Approach of Logarithmic Concept (APLOCO)
cs.AI
The primary aim of the study is to introduce APLOCO method which is developed for the solution of multicriteria decision making problems both theoretically and practically. In this context, application subject of APLACO constitutes evaluation of investment potential of different cities in metropolitan status in Turkey....
computer science
21,415
Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence
cs.AI
It is undeniable that artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain concepts are spreading at a phenomenal rate. Both technologies have distinct degree of technological complexity and multi-dimensional business implications. However, a common misunderstanding about blockchain concept, in particular, is that blockchain is...
computer science
21,416
Learning Robust and Adaptive Real-World Continuous Control Using Simulation and Transfer Learning
cs.AI
We use model-free reinforcement learning, extensive simulation, and transfer learning to develop a continuous control algorithm that has good zero-shot performance in a real physical environment. We train a simulated agent to act optimally across a set of similar environments, each with dynamics drawn from a prior dist...
computer science
21,417
Rebalancing Dockless Bike Sharing Systems
cs.AI
Bike sharing provides an environment-friendly way for traveling and is booming all over the world. Yet, due to the high similarity of user travel patterns, the bike imbalance problem constantly occurs, especially for dockless bike sharing systems, causing significant impact on service quality and company revenue. Thus,...
computer science
21,418
Story Generation and Aviation Incident Representation
cs.AI
This working note discusses the topic of story generation, with a view to identifying the knowledge required to understand aviation incident narratives (which have structural similarities to stories), following the premise that to understand aviation incidents, one should at least be able to generate examples of them. ...
computer science
21,419
Morphologic for knowledge dynamics: revision, fusion, abduction
cs.AI
Several tasks in artificial intelligence require to be able to find models about knowledge dynamics. They include belief revision, fusion and belief merging, and abduction. In this paper we exploit the algebraic framework of mathematical morphology in the context of propositional logic, and define operations such as di...
computer science
21,420
Who Killed Albert Einstein? From Open Data to Murder Mystery Games
cs.AI
This paper presents a framework for generating adventure games from open data. Focusing on the murder mystery type of adventure games, the generator is able to transform open data from Wikipedia articles, OpenStreetMap and images from Wikimedia Commons into WikiMysteries. Every WikiMystery game revolves around the murd...
computer science
21,421
From Gameplay to Symbolic Reasoning: Learning SAT Solver Heuristics in the Style of Alpha(Go) Zero
cs.AI
Despite the recent successes of deep neural networks in various fields such as image and speech recognition, natural language processing, and reinforcement learning, we still face big challenges in bringing the power of numeric optimization to symbolic reasoning. Researchers have proposed different avenues such as neur...
computer science
21,422
Reliable Uncertain Evidence Modeling in Bayesian Networks by Credal Networks
cs.AI
A reliable modeling of uncertain evidence in Bayesian networks based on a set-valued quantification is proposed. Both soft and virtual evidences are considered. We show that evidence propagation in this setup can be reduced to standard updating in an augmented credal network, equivalent to a set of consistent Bayesian ...
computer science
21,423
An Anytime Algorithm for Task and Motion MDPs
cs.AI
Integrated task and motion planning has emerged as a challenging problem in sequential decision making, where a robot needs to compute high-level strategy and low-level motion plans for solving complex tasks. While high-level strategies require decision making over longer time-horizons and scales, their feasibility dep...
computer science
21,424
Detecting truth on components
cs.AI
We investigate and generalize to an extended framework the notion of 'true on components' introduced by Zhou, Wang and Sun in their paper "Automated Reducible Geometric Theorem Proving and Discovery by Gr\"obner Basis Method", J. Automat. Reasoning 59 (3), 331-344, 2017. A new, simple criterion is presented for a state...
computer science
21,425
Monte Carlo Q-learning for General Game Playing
cs.AI
Recently, the interest in reinforcement learning in game playing has been renewed. This is evidenced by the groundbreaking results achieved by AlphaGo. General Game Playing (GGP) provides a good testbed for reinforcement learning, currently one of the hottest fields of AI. In GGP, a specification of games rules is give...
computer science
21,426
Artificial intelligence and pediatrics: A synthetic mini review
cs.AI
The use of artificial intelligence intelligencein medicine can be traced back to 1968 when Paycha published his paper Le diagnostic a l'aide d'intelligences artificielle, presentation de la premiere machine diagnostri. Few years later Shortliffe et al. presented an expert system named Mycin which was able to identify b...
computer science
21,427
Implicit Robot-Human Communication in Adversarial and Collaborative Environments
cs.AI
Users of AI systems may rely upon them to produce plans for achieving desired objectives. Such AI systems should be able to compute obfuscated plans whose execution in adversarial situations protects privacy as well as legible plans which are easy for team-members to understand in collaborative situations. We develop a...
computer science
21,428
HyP-DESPOT: A Hybrid Parallel Algorithm for Online Planning under Uncertainty
cs.AI
Planning under uncertainty is critical for robust robot performance in uncertain, dynamic environments, but it incurs high computational cost. State-of-the-art online search algorithms, such as DESPOT, have vastly improved the computational efficiency of planning under uncertainty and made it a valuable tool for roboti...
computer science
21,429
Large Neighborhood-Based Metaheuristic and Branch-and-Price for the Pickup and Delivery Problem with Split Loads
cs.AI
We consider the multi-vehicle one-to-one pickup and delivery problem with split loads, a NP-hard problem linked with a variety of applications for bulk product transportation, bike-sharing systems and inventory re-balancing. This problem is notoriously difficult due to the interaction of two challenging vehicle routing...
computer science
21,430
A Machine Learning Approach to Air Traffic Route Choice Modelling
cs.AI
Air Traffic Flow and Capacity Management (ATFCM) is one of the constituent parts of Air Traffic Management (ATM). The goal of ATFCM is to make airport and airspace capacity meet traffic demand and, when capacity opportunities are exhausted, optimise traffic flows to meet the available capacity. One of the key enablers ...
computer science
21,431
Learning High-level Representations from Demonstrations
cs.AI
Hierarchical learning (HL) is key to solving complex sequential decision problems with long horizons and sparse rewards. It allows learning agents to break-up large problems into smaller, more manageable subtasks. A common approach to HL, is to provide the agent with a number of high-level skills that solve small parts...
computer science
21,432
Analysis of Cause-Effect Inference via Regression Errors
cs.AI
We address the problem of inferring the causal relation between two variables by comparing the least-squares errors of the predictions in both possible causal directions. Under the assumption of an independence between the function relating cause and effect, the conditional noise distribution, and the distribution of t...
computer science
21,433
The problem of the development ontology-driven architecture of intellectual software systems
cs.AI
The paper describes the architecture of the intelligence system for automated design of ontological knowledge bases of domain areas and the software model of the management GUI (Graphical User Interface) subsystem
computer science
21,434
Design and software implementation of subsystems for creating and using the ontological base of a research scientist
cs.AI
Creation of the information systems and tools for scientific research and development support has always been one of the central directions of the development of computer science. The main features of the modern evolution of scientific research and development are the transdisciplinary approach and the deep intellectua...
computer science
21,435
Technique for designing a domain ontology
cs.AI
The article describes the technique for designing a domain ontology, shows the flowchart of algorithm design and example of constructing a fragment of the ontology of the subject area of Computer Science is considered.
computer science
21,436
Integrated Tools for Engineering Ontologies
cs.AI
The article presents an overview of current specialized ontology engineering tools, as well as texts' annotation tools based on ontologies. The main functions and features of these tools, their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. A systematic comparative analysis of means for engineering ontologies is presented...
computer science
21,437
Principles of design and software development models of ontological-driven computer systems
cs.AI
This paper describes the design principles of methodology of knowledge-oriented information systems based on ontological approach. Such systems implement technology subject-oriented extraction of knowledge from the set of natural language texts and their formal and logical presentation and application processing
computer science
21,438
Expert System for Diagnosis of Chest Diseases Using Neural Networks
cs.AI
This article represents one of the contemporary trends in the application of the latest methods of information and communication technology for medicine through an expert system helps the doctor to diagnose some chest diseases which is important because of the frequent spread of chest diseases nowadays in addition to t...
computer science
21,439
Automated Playtesting with Procedural Personas through MCTS with Evolved Heuristics
cs.AI
This paper describes a method for generative player modeling and its application to the automatic testing of game content using archetypal player models called procedural personas. Theoretically grounded in psychological decision theory, procedural personas are implemented using a variation of Monte Carlo Tree Search (...
computer science
21,440
Superrational types
cs.AI
We present a formal analysis of Douglas Hofstadter's concept of \emph{superrationality}. We start by defining superrationally justifiable actions, and study them in symmetric games. We then model the beliefs of the players, in a way that leads them to different choices than the usual assumption of rationality by restri...
computer science
21,441
Hierarchical Expertise-Level Modeling for User Specific Robot-Behavior Explanations
cs.AI
There is a growing interest within the AI research community to develop autonomous systems capable of explaining their behavior to users. One aspect of the explanation generation problem that has yet to receive much attention is the task of explaining plans to users whose level of expertise differ from that of the expl...
computer science
21,442
Using Automatic Generation of Relaxation Constraints to Improve the Preimage Attack on 39-step MD4
cs.AI
In this paper we construct preimage attack on the truncated variant of the MD4 hash function. Specifically, we study the MD4-39 function defined by the first 39 steps of the MD4 algorithm. We suggest a new attack on MD4-39, which develops the ideas proposed by H. Dobbertin in 1998. Namely, the special relaxation constr...
computer science
21,443
Epistemic Graphs for Representing and Reasoning with Positive and Negative Influences of Arguments
cs.AI
This paper introduces epistemic graphs as a generalization of the epistemic approach to probabilistic argumentation. In these graphs, an argument can be believed or disbelieved up to a given degree, thus providing a more fine--grained alternative to the standard Dung's approaches when it comes to determining the status...
computer science
21,444
Machine Theory of Mind
cs.AI
Theory of mind (ToM; Premack & Woodruff, 1978) broadly refers to humans' ability to represent the mental states of others, including their desires, beliefs, and intentions. We propose to train a machine to build such models too. We design a Theory of Mind neural network -- a ToMnet -- which uses meta-learning to build ...
computer science
21,445
Convergent Actor-Critic Algorithms Under Off-Policy Training and Function Approximation
cs.AI
We present the first class of policy-gradient algorithms that work with both state-value and policy function-approximation, and are guaranteed to converge under off-policy training. Our solution targets problems in reinforcement learning where the action representation adds to the-curse-of-dimensionality; that is, with...
computer science
21,446
A Polynomial Time Subsumption Algorithm for Nominal Safe $\mathcal{ELO}_\bot$ under Rational Closure
cs.AI
Description Logics (DLs) under Rational Closure (RC) is a well-known framework for non-monotonic reasoning in DLs. In this paper, we address the concept subsumption decision problem under RC for nominal safe $\mathcal{ELO}_\bot$, a notable and practically important DL representative of the OWL 2 profile OWL 2 EL. Our...
computer science
21,447
On Looking for Local Expansion Invariants in Argumentation Semantics
cs.AI
We study invariant local expansion operators for conflict-free and admissible sets in Abstract Argumentation Frameworks (AFs). Such operators are directly applied on AFs, and are invariant with respect to a chosen "semantics" (that is w.r.t. each of the conflict free/admissible set of arguments). Accordingly, we derive...
computer science
21,448
Budget Constrained Bidding by Model-free Reinforcement Learning in Display Advertising
cs.AI
Real-time bidding (RTB) is almost the most important mechanism in online display advertising, where proper bid for each page view plays a vital and essential role for good marketing results. Budget constrained bidding is a typical scenario in RTB mechanism where the advertisers hope to maximize total value of winning i...
computer science
21,449
A Matrix Approach for Weighted Argumentation Frameworks: a Preliminary Report
cs.AI
The assignment of weights to attacks in a classical Argumentation Framework allows to compute semantics by taking into account the different importance of each argument. We represent a Weighted Argumentation Framework by a non-binary matrix, and we characterize the basic extensions (such as w-admissible, w- stable, w-c...
computer science
21,450
Optimal Stochastic Delivery Planning in Full-Truckload and Less-Than-Truckload Delivery
cs.AI
With an increasing demand from emerging logistics businesses, Vehicle Routing Problem with Private fleet and common Carrier (VRPPC) has been introduced to manage package delivery services from a supplier to customers. However, almost all of existing studies focus on the deterministic problem that assumes all parameters...
computer science
21,451
Semantic Vector Spaces for Broadening Consideration of Consequences
cs.AI
Reasoning systems with too simple a model of the world and human intent are unable to consider potential negative side effects of their actions and modify their plans to avoid them (e.g., avoiding potential errors). However, hand-encoding the enormous and subtle body of facts that constitutes common sense into a knowle...
computer science
21,452
Reinforcement Learning on Web Interfaces Using Workflow-Guided Exploration
cs.AI
Reinforcement learning (RL) agents improve through trial-and-error, but when reward is sparse and the agent cannot discover successful action sequences, learning stagnates. This has been a notable problem in training deep RL agents to perform web-based tasks, such as booking flights or replying to emails, where a singl...
computer science
21,453
PSO-based Fuzzy Markup Language for Student Learning Performance Evaluation and Educational Application
cs.AI
This paper proposes an agent with particle swarm optimization (PSO) based on a Fuzzy Markup Language (FML) for students learning performance evaluation and educational applications, and the proposed agent is according to the response data from a conventional test and an item response theory. First, we apply a GS-based ...
computer science
21,454
One Big Net For Everything
cs.AI
I apply recent work on "learning to think" (2015) and on PowerPlay (2011) to the incremental training of an increasingly general problem solver, continually learning to solve new tasks without forgetting previous skills. The problem solver is a single recurrent neural network (or similar general purpose computer) calle...
computer science
21,455
Prototyping Virtual Reality Serious Games for Building Earthquake Preparedness: The Auckland City Hospital Case Study
cs.AI
Enhancing evacuee safety is a key factor in reducing the number of injuries and deaths that result from earthquakes. One way this can be achieved is by training occupants. Virtual Reality (VR) and Serious Games (SGs), represent novel techniques that may overcome the limitations of traditional training approaches. VR an...
computer science
21,456
Antifragility for Intelligent Autonomous Systems
cs.AI
Antifragile systems grow measurably better in the presence of hazards. This is in contrast to fragile systems which break down in the presence of hazards, robust systems that tolerate hazards up to a certain degree, and resilient systems that -- like self-healing systems -- revert to their earlier expected behavior aft...
computer science
21,457
A Multi-Disciplinary Review of Knowledge Acquisition Methods: From Human to Autonomous Eliciting Agents
cs.AI
This paper offers a multi-disciplinary review of knowledge acquisition methods in human activity systems. The review captures the degree of involvement of various types of agencies in the knowledge acquisition process, and proposes a classification with three categories of methods: the human agent, the human-inspired a...
computer science
21,458
Human-in-the-Loop Synthesis for Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes
cs.AI
We study planning problems where autonomous agents operate inside environments that are subject to uncertainties and not fully observable. Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) are a natural formal model to capture such problems. Because of the potentially huge or even infinite belief space in POMDPs,...
computer science
21,459
Introduction to the SP theory of intelligence
cs.AI
This article provides a brief introduction to the "Theory of Intelligence" and its realisation in the "SP Computer Model". The overall goal of the SP programme of research, in accordance with long-established principles in science, has been the simplification and integration of observations and concepts across artifici...
computer science
21,460
Domain Modelling in Computational Persuasion for Behaviour Change in Healthcare
cs.AI
The aim of behaviour change is to help people to change aspects of their behaviour for the better (e.g., to decrease calorie intake, to drink in moderation, to take more exercise, to complete a course of antibiotics once started, etc.). In current persuasion technology for behaviour change, the emphasis is on helping p...
computer science
21,461
Selective Experience Replay for Lifelong Learning
cs.AI
Deep reinforcement learning has emerged as a powerful tool for a variety of learning tasks, however deep nets typically exhibit forgetting when learning multiple tasks in sequence. To mitigate forgetting, we propose an experience replay process that augments the standard FIFO buffer and selectively stores experiences i...
computer science
21,462
General Video Game AI: a Multi-Track Framework for Evaluating Agents, Games and Content Generation Algorithms
cs.AI
General Video Game Playing (GVGP) aims at designing an agent that is capable of playing multiple video games with no human intervention. In 2014, The General Video Game AI (GVGAI) competition framework was created and released with the purpose of providing researchers a common open-source and easy to use platform for t...
computer science
21,463
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Sponsored Search Real-time Bidding
cs.AI
Bidding optimization is one of the most critical problems in online advertising. Sponsored search (SS) auction, due to the randomness of user query behavior and platform nature, usually adopts keyword-level bidding strategies. In contrast, the display advertising (DA), as a relatively simpler scenario for auction, has ...
computer science
21,464
Composable Planning with Attributes
cs.AI
The tasks that an agent will need to solve often are not known during training. However, if the agent knows which properties of the environment are important then, after learning how its actions affect those properties, it may be able to use this knowledge to solve complex tasks without training specifically for them. ...
computer science
21,465
Knowledge Base Relation Detection via Multi-View Matching
cs.AI
Relation detection is a core component for Knowledge Base Question Answering (KBQA). In this paper, we propose a KB relation detection model via multi-view matching which utilizes more useful information extracted from question and KB. The matching inside each view is through multiple perspectives to compare two input ...
computer science
21,466
Estimating Total Search Space Size for Specific Piece Sets in Chess
cs.AI
Automatic chess problem or puzzle composition typically involves generating and testing various different positions, sometimes using particular piece sets. Once a position has been generated, it is then usually tested for positional legality based on the game rules. However, it is useful to be able to estimate what the...
computer science
21,467
Multi-Agent Imitation Learning for Driving Simulation
cs.AI
Simulation is an appealing option for validating the safety of autonomous vehicles. Generative Adversarial Imitation Learning (GAIL) has recently been shown to learn representative human driver models. These human driver models were learned through training in single-agent environments, but they have difficulty in gene...
computer science
21,468
Analyzing Business Process Anomalies Using Autoencoders
cs.AI
Businesses are naturally interested in detecting anomalies in their internal processes, because these can be indicators for fraud and inefficiencies. Within the domain of business intelligence, classic anomaly detection is not very frequently researched. In this paper, we propose a method, using autoencoders, for detec...
computer science
21,469
An Interactive Many Objective Evolutionary Algorithm with Cascade Clustering and Reference Point Incremental Learning
cs.AI
Researches have shown difficulties in obtaining proximity while maintaining diversity for solving many-objective optimization problems (MaOPs). The complexities of the true Pareto Front (PF) also pose serious challenges for the pervasive algorithms for their insufficient ability to adapt to the characteristics of the t...
computer science
21,470
Some Considerations on Learning to Explore via Meta-Reinforcement Learning
cs.AI
We consider the problem of exploration in meta reinforcement learning. Two new meta reinforcement learning algorithms are suggested: E-MAML and E-$\text{RL}^2$. Results are presented on a novel environment we call `Krazy World' and a set of maze environments. We show E-MAML and E-$\text{RL}^2$ deliver better performanc...
computer science
21,471
A Swift Heuristic Method for Work Order Scheduling under the Skilled-Workforce Constraint
cs.AI
The considered problem is how to optimally allocate a set of jobs to technicians of different skills such that the number of technicians of each skill does not exceed the number of persons with that skill designation. The key motivation is the quick sensitivity analysis in terms of the workforce size which is quite nec...
computer science
21,472
Exploring Novel Game Spaces with Fluidic Games
cs.AI
With the growing integration of smartphones into our daily lives, and their increased ease of use, mobile games have become highly popular across all demographics. People listen to music, play games or read the news while in transit or bridging gap times. While mobile gaming is gaining popularity, mobile expression of ...
computer science
21,473
A real-time rule-based system for bridge management based on CART decision tree and SMO algorithms
cs.AI
To real-time management of the bridges under dynamic conditions, this paper develops a rule-based decision support framework to extract the necessary rules from simulation results made by Aimsun. In this rule-based system, the supervised and the unsupervised learning algorithms are applied to generalize the rules where...
computer science
21,474
Explanatory relations in arbitrary logics based on satisfaction systems, cutting and retraction
cs.AI
The aim of this paper is to introduce a new framework for defining abductive reasoning operators based on a notion of retraction in arbitrary logics defined as satisfaction systems. We show how this framework leads to the design of explanatory relations satisfying properties of abductive reasoning, and discuss its appl...
computer science
21,475
A Genetic Programming Framework for 2D Platform AI
cs.AI
There currently exists a wide range of techniques to model and evolve artificial players for games. Existing techniques range from black box neural networks to entirely hand-designed solutions. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of a genetic programming framework using human controller input to derive meanin...
computer science
21,476
Memory Search and Sense from Shallow Hierarchies
cs.AI
This paper describes an automatic process for combining patterns and features, to guide a search process and reason about it. It is based on the functionality that a human brain might have, which is a highly distributed network of simple neuronal components that can apply some level of matching and cross-referencing ov...
computer science
21,477
Intent-aware Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
cs.AI
This paper proposes an intent-aware multi-agent planning framework as well as a learning algorithm. Under this framework, an agent plans in the goal space to maximize the expected utility. The planning process takes the belief of other agents' intents into consideration. Instead of formulating the learning problem as a...
computer science
21,478
Discovering Underlying Plans Based on Shallow Models
cs.AI
Plan recognition aims to discover target plans (i.e., sequences of actions) behind observed actions, with history plan libraries or domain models in hand. Previous approaches either discover plans by maximally "matching" observed actions to plan libraries, assuming target plans are from plan libraries, or infer plans b...
computer science
21,479
Decision-making processes in the Cognitive Theory of True Conditions
cs.AI
The Cognitive Theory of True Conditions (CTTC) is a proposal to design the implementation of cognitive abilities and to describe the model-theoretic semantics of symbolic cognitive architectures. The CTTC is formulated mathematically using the multi-optional many-sorted past present future(MMPPF) structures. This artic...
computer science
21,480
OntoWind: An Improved and Extended Wind Energy Ontology
cs.AI
Ontologies are critical sources of semantic information for many application domains. Hence, there are ontologies proposed and utilized for domains such as medicine, chemical engineering, and electrical energy. In this paper, we present an improved and extended version of a wind energy ontology previously proposed. Fir...
computer science
21,481
A Brandom-ian view of Reinforcement Learning towards strong-AI
cs.AI
The analytic philosophy of Robert Brandom, based on the ideas of pragmatism, paints a picture of sapience, through inferentialism. In this paper, we present a theory, that utilizes essential elements of Brandom's philosophy, towards the objective of achieving strong-AI. We do this by connecting the constitutive element...
computer science
21,482
SA-IGA: A Multiagent Reinforcement Learning Method Towards Socially Optimal Outcomes
cs.AI
In multiagent environments, the capability of learning is important for an agent to behave appropriately in face of unknown opponents and dynamic environment. From the system designer's perspective, it is desirable if the agents can learn to coordinate towards socially optimal outcomes, while also avoiding being exploi...
computer science
21,483
Compositional Attention Networks for Machine Reasoning
cs.AI
We present the MAC network, a novel fully differentiable neural network architecture, designed to facilitate explicit and expressive reasoning. Drawing inspiration from first principles of computer organization, MAC moves away from monolithic black-box neural architectures towards a design that encourages both transpar...
computer science
21,484
Concise Fuzzy Representation of Big Graphs: a Dimensionality Reduction Approach
cs.AI
The enormous amount of data to be represented using large graphs exceeds in some cases the resources of a conventional computer. Edges in particular can take up a considerable amount of memory as compared to the number of nodes. However, rigorous edge storage might not always be essential to be able to draw the needed ...
computer science
21,485
Institutional Metaphors for Designing Large-Scale Distributed AI versus AI Techniques for Running Institutions
cs.AI
Artificial Intelligence (AI) started out with an ambition to reproduce the human mind, but, as the sheer scale of that ambition became apparent, quickly retreated into either studying specialized intelligent behaviours, or proposing overarching architectural concepts for interfacing specialized intelligent behaviour co...
computer science
21,486
Highly Automated Learning for Improved Active Safety of Vulnerable Road Users
cs.AI
Highly automated driving requires precise models of traffic participants. Many state of the art models are currently based on machine learning techniques. Among others, the required amount of labeled data is one major challenge. An autonomous learning process addressing this problem is proposed. The initial models are ...
computer science
21,487
Learning and analyzing vector encoding of symbolic representations
cs.AI
We present a formal language with expressions denoting general symbol structures and queries which access information in those structures. A sequence-to-sequence network processing this language learns to encode symbol structures and query them. The learned representation (approximately) shares a simple linearity prope...
computer science
21,488
Intelligible Artificial Intelligence
cs.AI
Since Artificial Intelligence (AI) software uses techniques like deep lookahead search and stochastic optimization of huge neural networks to fit mammoth datasets, it often results in complex behavior that is difficult for people to understand. Yet organizations are deploying AI algorithms in many mission-critical sett...
computer science
21,489
On the Algebra in Boole's Laws of Thought
cs.AI
This article explores the ideas that went into George Boole's development of an algebra for logical inference in his book The Laws of Thought. We explore in particular his wife Mary Boole's claim that he was deeply influenced by Indian logic and argue that his work was more than a framework for processing propositions....
computer science
21,490
Solving the Course-timetabling Problem of Cairo University Using Max-SAT
cs.AI
Due to the good performance of current SAT (satisfiability) and Max-SAT (maximum ssatisfiability) solvers, many real-life optimization problems such as scheduling can be solved by encoding them into Max-SAT. In this paper we tackle the course timetabling problem of the department of mathematics, Cairo University by enc...
computer science
21,491
Fractal AI: A fragile theory of intelligence
cs.AI
Fractal AI is a theory for general artificial intelligence. It allows to derive new mathematical tools that constitute the foundations for a new kind of stochastic calculus, by modelling information using cellular automaton-like structures instead of smooth functions. In the repository included we are presenting a ne...
computer science
21,492
The 2017 AIBIRDS Competition
cs.AI
This paper presents an overview of the sixth AIBIRDS competition, held at the 26th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. This competition tasked participants with developing an intelligent agent which can play the physics-based puzzle game Angry Birds. This game uses a sophisticated physics engine ...
computer science
21,493
A Study of Car-to-Train Assignment Problem for Rail Express Cargos on Scheduled and Unscheduled Train Service Network
cs.AI
Freight train services in a railway network system are generally divided into two categories: one is the unscheduled train, whose operating frequency fluctuates with origin-destination (OD) demands; the other is the scheduled train, which is running based on regular timetable just like the passenger trains. The timetab...
computer science
21,494
A New Result on the Complexity of Heuristic Estimates for the A* Algorithm
cs.AI
Relaxed models are abstract problem descriptions generated by ignoring constraints that are present in base-level problems. They play an important role in planning and search algorithms, as it has been shown that the length of an optimal solution to a relaxed model yields a monotone heuristic for an A? search of a base...
computer science
21,495
Automated Curriculum Learning by Rewarding Temporally Rare Events
cs.AI
Reward shaping allows reinforcement learning (RL) agents to accelerate learning by receiving additional reward signals. However, these signals can be difficult to design manually, especially for complex RL tasks. We propose a simple and general approach that determines the reward of pre-defined events by their rarity a...
computer science
21,496
Lasso type classifiers with a reject option
stat.ML
We consider the problem of binary classification where one can, for a particular cost, choose not to classify an observation. We present a simple proof for the oracle inequality for the excess risk of structural risk minimizers using a lasso type penalty.
computer science
21,497
Metric Embedding for Nearest Neighbor Classification
stat.ML
The distance metric plays an important role in nearest neighbor (NN) classification. Usually the Euclidean distance metric is assumed or a Mahalanobis distance metric is optimized to improve the NN performance. In this paper, we study the problem of embedding arbitrary metric spaces into a Euclidean space with the goal...
computer science
21,498
Degenerating families of dendrograms
stat.ML
Dendrograms used in data analysis are ultrametric spaces, hence objects of nonarchimedean geometry. It is known that there exist $p$-adic representation of dendrograms. Completed by a point at infinity, they can be viewed as subtrees of the Bruhat-Tits tree associated to the $p$-adic projective line. The implications a...
computer science
21,499
Families of dendrograms
stat.ML
A conceptual framework for cluster analysis from the viewpoint of p-adic geometry is introduced by describing the space of all dendrograms for n datapoints and relating it to the moduli space of p-adic Riemannian spheres with punctures using a method recently applied by Murtagh (2004b). This method embeds a dendrogram ...
computer science
21,500
Online Learning in Discrete Hidden Markov Models
stat.ML
We present and analyse three online algorithms for learning in discrete Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) and compare them with the Baldi-Chauvin Algorithm. Using the Kullback-Leibler divergence as a measure of generalisation error we draw learning curves in simplified situations. The performance for learning drifting concep...
computer science
21,501
Supervised Machine Learning with a Novel Kernel Density Estimator
stat.ML
In recent years, kernel density estimation has been exploited by computer scientists to model machine learning problems. The kernel density estimation based approaches are of interest due to the low time complexity of either O(n) or O(n*log(n)) for constructing a classifier, where n is the number of sampling instances....
computer science