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22,102
Robust Kernel Density Estimation by Scaling and Projection in Hilbert Space
stat.ML
While robust parameter estimation has been well studied in parametric density estimation, there has been little investigation into robust density estimation in the nonparametric setting. We present a robust version of the popular kernel density estimator (KDE). As with other estimators, a robust version of the KDE is u...
computer science
22,103
The NLMS algorithm with time-variant optimum stepsize derived from a Bayesian network perspective
stat.ML
In this article, we derive a new stepsize adaptation for the normalized least mean square algorithm (NLMS) by describing the task of linear acoustic echo cancellation from a Bayesian network perspective. Similar to the well-known Kalman filter equations, we model the acoustic wave propagation from the loudspeaker to th...
computer science
22,104
Quantifying error in estimates of human brain fiber directions using Earth Mover's Distance
stat.ML
Diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) is the only method we currently have to measure connections between different parts of the human brain in vivo. To elucidate the structure of these connections, algorithms for tracking bundles of axonal fibers through the subcortical white matter rely on local estimates of the fiber ...
computer science
22,105
Group Factor Analysis
stat.ML
Factor analysis provides linear factors that describe relationships between individual variables of a data set. We extend this classical formulation into linear factors that describe relationships between groups of variables, where each group represents either a set of related variables or a data set. The model also na...
computer science
22,106
Efficient Minimax Signal Detection on Graphs
stat.ML
Several problems such as network intrusion, community detection, and disease outbreak can be described by observations attributed to nodes or edges of a graph. In these applications presence of intrusion, community or disease outbreak is characterized by novel observations on some unknown connected subgraph. These prob...
computer science
22,107
Optimal variable selection in multi-group sparse discriminant analysis
stat.ML
This article considers the problem of multi-group classification in the setting where the number of variables $p$ is larger than the number of observations $n$. Several methods have been proposed in the literature that address this problem, however their variable selection performance is either unknown or suboptimal to...
computer science
22,108
Streaming Variational Inference for Bayesian Nonparametric Mixture Models
stat.ML
In theory, Bayesian nonparametric (BNP) models are well suited to streaming data scenarios due to their ability to adapt model complexity with the observed data. Unfortunately, such benefits have not been fully realized in practice; existing inference algorithms are either not applicable to streaming applications or no...
computer science
22,109
Nested Variational Compression in Deep Gaussian Processes
stat.ML
Deep Gaussian processes provide a flexible approach to probabilistic modelling of data using either supervised or unsupervised learning. For tractable inference approximations to the marginal likelihood of the model must be made. The original approach to approximate inference in these models used variational compressio...
computer science
22,110
A Likelihood Ratio Framework for High Dimensional Semiparametric Regression
stat.ML
We propose a likelihood ratio based inferential framework for high dimensional semiparametric generalized linear models. This framework addresses a variety of challenging problems in high dimensional data analysis, including incomplete data, selection bias, and heterogeneous multitask learning. Our work has three main ...
computer science
22,111
Detecting Overlapping Communities in Networks Using Spectral Methods
stat.ML
Community detection is a fundamental problem in network analysis which is made more challenging by overlaps between communities which often occur in practice. Here we propose a general, flexible, and interpretable generative model for overlapping communities, which can be thought of as a generalization of the degree-co...
computer science
22,112
Manifold Matching using Shortest-Path Distance and Joint Neighborhood Selection
stat.ML
Matching datasets of multiple modalities has become an important task in data analysis. Existing methods often rely on the embedding and transformation of each single modality without utilizing any correspondence information, which often results in sub-optimal matching performance. In this paper, we propose a nonlinear...
computer science
22,113
Bayesian multi-tensor factorization
stat.ML
We introduce Bayesian multi-tensor factorization, a model that is the first Bayesian formulation for joint factorization of multiple matrices and tensors. The research problem generalizes the joint matrix-tensor factorization problem to arbitrary sets of tensors of any depth, including matrices, can be interpreted as u...
computer science
22,114
On distinguishability criteria for estimating generative models
stat.ML
Two recently introduced criteria for estimation of generative models are both based on a reduction to binary classification. Noise-contrastive estimation (NCE) is an estimation procedure in which a generative model is trained to be able to distinguish data samples from noise samples. Generative adversarial networks (GA...
computer science
22,115
Approximate Subspace-Sparse Recovery with Corrupted Data via Constrained $\ell_1$-Minimization
stat.ML
High-dimensional data often lie in low-dimensional subspaces corresponding to different classes they belong to. Finding sparse representations of data points in a dictionary built using the collection of data helps to uncover low-dimensional subspaces and address problems such as clustering, classification, subset sele...
computer science
22,116
Inference for Sparse Conditional Precision Matrices
stat.ML
Given $n$ i.i.d. observations of a random vector $(X,Z)$, where $X$ is a high-dimensional vector and $Z$ is a low-dimensional index variable, we study the problem of estimating the conditional inverse covariance matrix $\Omega(z) = (E[(X-E[X \mid Z])(X-E[X \mid Z])^T \mid Z=z])^{-1}$ under the assumption that the set o...
computer science
22,117
Exploring Sparsity in Multi-class Linear Discriminant Analysis
stat.ML
Recent studies in the literature have paid much attention to the sparsity in linear classification tasks. One motivation of imposing sparsity assumption on the linear discriminant direction is to rule out the noninformative features, making hardly contribution to the classification problem. Most of those work were focu...
computer science
22,118
On Semiparametric Exponential Family Graphical Models
stat.ML
We propose a new class of semiparametric exponential family graphical models for the analysis of high dimensional mixed data. Different from the existing mixed graphical models, we allow the nodewise conditional distributions to be semiparametric generalized linear models with unspecified base measure functions. Thus, ...
computer science
22,119
A General Framework for Robust Testing and Confidence Regions in High-Dimensional Quantile Regression
stat.ML
We propose a robust inferential procedure for assessing uncertainties of parameter estimation in high-dimensional linear models, where the dimension $p$ can grow exponentially fast with the sample size $n$. Our method combines the de-biasing technique with the composite quantile function to construct an estimator that ...
computer science
22,120
High Dimensional Expectation-Maximization Algorithm: Statistical Optimization and Asymptotic Normality
stat.ML
We provide a general theory of the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for inferring high dimensional latent variable models. In particular, we make two contributions: (i) For parameter estimation, we propose a novel high dimensional EM algorithm which naturally incorporates sparsity structure into parameter estima...
computer science
22,121
A General Theory of Hypothesis Tests and Confidence Regions for Sparse High Dimensional Models
stat.ML
We consider the problem of uncertainty assessment for low dimensional components in high dimensional models. Specifically, we propose a decorrelated score function to handle the impact of high dimensional nuisance parameters. We consider both hypothesis tests and confidence regions for generic penalized M-estimators. U...
computer science
22,122
Learning Parameters for Weighted Matrix Completion via Empirical Estimation
stat.ML
Recently theoretical guarantees have been obtained for matrix completion in the non-uniform sampling regime. In particular, if the sampling distribution aligns with the underlying matrix's leverage scores, then with high probability nuclear norm minimization will exactly recover the low rank matrix. In this article, we...
computer science
22,123
A Taxonomy of Big Data for Optimal Predictive Machine Learning and Data Mining
stat.ML
Big data comes in various ways, types, shapes, forms and sizes. Indeed, almost all areas of science, technology, medicine, public health, economics, business, linguistics and social science are bombarded by ever increasing flows of data begging to analyzed efficiently and effectively. In this paper, we propose a rough ...
computer science
22,124
A generalization error bound for sparse and low-rank multivariate Hawkes processes
stat.ML
We consider the problem of unveiling the implicit network structure of user interactions in a social network, based only on high-frequency timestamps. Our inference is based on the minimization of the least-squares loss associated with a multivariate Hawkes model, penalized by $\ell_1$ and trace norms. We provide a fir...
computer science
22,125
Innovated interaction screening for high-dimensional nonlinear classification
stat.ML
This paper is concerned with the problems of interaction screening and nonlinear classification in a high-dimensional setting. We propose a two-step procedure, IIS-SQDA, where in the first step an innovated interaction screening (IIS) approach based on transforming the original $p$-dimensional feature vector is propose...
computer science
22,126
Equitability of Dependence Measure
stat.ML
A measure of dependence is said to be equitable if it gives similar scores to equally noisy relationship of different types. In practice, we do not know what kind of functional relationship is underlying two given observations, Hence the equitability of dependence measure is critical in analysis and by scoring relation...
computer science
22,127
Survey schemes for stochastic gradient descent with applications to M-estimation
stat.ML
In certain situations that shall be undoubtedly more and more common in the Big Data era, the datasets available are so massive that computing statistics over the full sample is hardly feasible, if not unfeasible. A natural approach in this context consists in using survey schemes and substituting the "full data" stati...
computer science
22,128
Combined modeling of sparse and dense noise for improvement of Relevance Vector Machine
stat.ML
Using a Bayesian approach, we consider the problem of recovering sparse signals under additive sparse and dense noise. Typically, sparse noise models outliers, impulse bursts or data loss. To handle sparse noise, existing methods simultaneously estimate the sparse signal of interest and the sparse noise of no interest....
computer science
22,129
SPRITE: A Response Model For Multiple Choice Testing
stat.ML
Item response theory (IRT) models for categorical response data are widely used in the analysis of educational data, computerized adaptive testing, and psychological surveys. However, most IRT models rely on both the assumption that categories are strictly ordered and the assumption that this ordering is known a priori...
computer science
22,130
Bayesian Nonparametrics in Topic Modeling: A Brief Tutorial
stat.ML
Using nonparametric methods has been increasingly explored in Bayesian hierarchical modeling as a way to increase model flexibility. Although the field shows a lot of promise, inference in many models, including Hierachical Dirichlet Processes (HDP), remain prohibitively slow. One promising path forward is to exploit t...
computer science
22,131
Differentially Private Bayesian Optimization
stat.ML
Bayesian optimization is a powerful tool for fine-tuning the hyper-parameters of a wide variety of machine learning models. The success of machine learning has led practitioners in diverse real-world settings to learn classifiers for practical problems. As machine learning becomes commonplace, Bayesian optimization bec...
computer science
22,132
Implementable confidence sets in high dimensional regression
stat.ML
We consider the setting of linear regression in high dimension. We focus on the problem of constructing adaptive and honest confidence sets for the sparse parameter \theta, i.e. we want to construct a confidence set for theta that contains theta with high probability, and that is as small as possible. The l_2 diameter ...
computer science
22,133
BDgraph: An R Package for Bayesian Structure Learning in Graphical Models
stat.ML
Graphical models provide powerful tools to uncover complicated patterns in multivariate data and are commonly used in Bayesian statistics and machine learning. In this paper, we introduce an R package BDgraph which performs Bayesian structure learning for general undirected graphical models with either continuous or di...
computer science
22,134
Minimax Optimal Sparse Signal Recovery with Poisson Statistics
stat.ML
We are motivated by problems that arise in a number of applications such as Online Marketing and Explosives detection, where the observations are usually modeled using Poisson statistics. We model each observation as a Poisson random variable whose mean is a sparse linear superposition of known patterns. Unlike many co...
computer science
22,135
A simpler condition for consistency of a kernel independence test
stat.ML
A statistical test of independence may be constructed using the Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion (HSIC) as a test statistic. The HSIC is defined as the distance between the embedding of the joint distribution, and the embedding of the product of the marginals, in a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS). It has ...
computer science
22,136
Prediction Error Reduction Function as a Variable Importance Score
stat.ML
This paper introduces and develops a novel variable importance score function in the context of ensemble learning and demonstrates its appeal both theoretically and empirically. Our proposed score function is simple and more straightforward than its counterpart proposed in the context of random forest, and by avoiding ...
computer science
22,137
Confidence intervals for AB-test
stat.ML
AB-testing is a very popular technique in web companies since it makes it possible to accurately predict the impact of a modification with the simplicity of a random split across users. One of the critical aspects of an AB-test is its duration and it is important to reliably compute confidence intervals associated with...
computer science
22,138
Structure Learning of Partitioned Markov Networks
stat.ML
We learn the structure of a Markov Network between two groups of random variables from joint observations. Since modelling and learning the full MN structure may be hard, learning the links between two groups directly may be a preferable option. We introduce a novel concept called the \emph{partitioned ratio} whose fac...
computer science
22,139
Point Localization and Density Estimation from Ordinal kNN graphs using Synchronization
stat.ML
We consider the problem of embedding unweighted, directed k-nearest neighbor graphs in low-dimensional Euclidean space. The k-nearest neighbors of each vertex provides ordinal information on the distances between points, but not the distances themselves. We use this ordinal information along with the low-dimensionality...
computer science
22,140
A New Approach to Building the Interindustry Input--Output Table
stat.ML
We present a new approach to estimating the interdependence of industries in an economy by applying data science solutions. By exploiting interfirm buyer--seller network data, we show that the problem of estimating the interdependence of industries is similar to the problem of uncovering the latent block structure in n...
computer science
22,141
A closed-form approach to Bayesian inference in tree-structured graphical models
stat.ML
We consider the inference of the structure of an undirected graphical model in an exact Bayesian framework. More specifically we aim at achieving the inference with close-form posteriors, avoiding any sampling step. This task would be intractable without any restriction on the considered graphs, so we limit our explora...
computer science
22,142
High-Dimensional Classification for Brain Decoding
stat.ML
Brain decoding involves the determination of a subject's cognitive state or an associated stimulus from functional neuroimaging data measuring brain activity. In this setting the cognitive state is typically characterized by an element of a finite set, and the neuroimaging data comprise voluminous amounts of spatiotemp...
computer science
22,143
Partition MCMC for inference on acyclic digraphs
stat.ML
Acyclic digraphs are the underlying representation of Bayesian networks, a widely used class of probabilistic graphical models. Learning the underlying graph from data is a way of gaining insights about the structural properties of a domain. Structure learning forms one of the inference challenges of statistical graphi...
computer science
22,144
Nonparametric Testing for Heterogeneous Correlation
stat.ML
In the presence of weak overall correlation, it may be useful to investigate if the correlation is significantly and substantially more pronounced over a subpopulation. Two different testing procedures are compared. Both are based on the rankings of the values of two variables from a data set with a large number n of o...
computer science
22,145
A local approach to estimation in discrete loglinear models
stat.ML
We consider two connected aspects of maximum likelihood estimation of the parameter for high-dimensional discrete graphical models: the existence of the maximum likelihood estimate (mle) and its computation. When the data is sparse, there are many zeros in the contingency table and the maximum likelihood estimate of ...
computer science
22,146
Graphical Fermat's Principle and Triangle-Free Graph Estimation
stat.ML
We consider the problem of estimating undirected triangle-free graphs of high dimensional distributions. Triangle-free graphs form a rich graph family which allows arbitrary loopy structures but 3-cliques. For inferential tractability, we propose a graphical Fermat's principle to regularize the distribution family. Suc...
computer science
22,147
A Prior Distribution over Directed Acyclic Graphs for Sparse Bayesian Networks
stat.ML
The main contribution of this article is a new prior distribution over directed acyclic graphs, which gives larger weight to sparse graphs. This distribution is intended for structured Bayesian networks, where the structure is given by an ordered block model. That is, the nodes of the graph are objects which fall into ...
computer science
22,148
On Sparse variational methods and the Kullback-Leibler divergence between stochastic processes
stat.ML
The variational framework for learning inducing variables (Titsias, 2009a) has had a large impact on the Gaussian process literature. The framework may be interpreted as minimizing a rigorously defined Kullback-Leibler divergence between the approximating and posterior processes. To our knowledge this connection has th...
computer science
22,149
Non-Gaussian Discriminative Factor Models via the Max-Margin Rank-Likelihood
stat.ML
We consider the problem of discriminative factor analysis for data that are in general non-Gaussian. A Bayesian model based on the ranks of the data is proposed. We first introduce a new {\em max-margin} version of the rank-likelihood. A discriminative factor model is then developed, integrating the max-margin rank-lik...
computer science
22,150
Automatic Inference for Inverting Software Simulators via Probabilistic Programming
stat.ML
Models of complex systems are often formalized as sequential software simulators: computationally intensive programs that iteratively build up probable system configurations given parameters and initial conditions. These simulators enable modelers to capture effects that are difficult to characterize analytically or su...
computer science
22,151
Bootstrap Bias Corrections for Ensemble Methods
stat.ML
This paper examines the use of a residual bootstrap for bias correction in machine learning regression methods. Accounting for bias is an important obstacle in recent efforts to develop statistical inference for machine learning methods. We demonstrate empirically that the proposed bootstrap bias correction can lead to...
computer science
22,152
Parallel Stochastic Gradient Markov Chain Monte Carlo for Matrix Factorisation Models
stat.ML
For large matrix factorisation problems, we develop a distributed Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method based on stochastic gradient Langevin dynamics (SGLD) that we call Parallel SGLD (PSGLD). PSGLD has very favourable scaling properties with increasing data size and is comparable in terms of computational requiremen...
computer science
22,153
Dropout as a Bayesian Approximation: Appendix
stat.ML
We show that a neural network with arbitrary depth and non-linearities, with dropout applied before every weight layer, is mathematically equivalent to an approximation to a well known Bayesian model. This interpretation might offer an explanation to some of dropout's key properties, such as its robustness to over-fitt...
computer science
22,154
Generalized Spectral Kernels
stat.ML
In this paper we propose a family of tractable kernels that is dense in the family of bounded positive semi-definite functions (i.e. can approximate any bounded kernel with arbitrary precision). We start by discussing the case of stationary kernels, and propose a family of spectral kernels that extends existing approac...
computer science
22,155
String Gaussian Process Kernels
stat.ML
We introduce a new class of nonstationary kernels, which we derive as covariance functions of a novel family of stochastic processes we refer to as string Gaussian processes (string GPs). We construct string GPs to allow for multiple types of local patterns in the data, while ensuring a mild global regularity condition...
computer science
22,156
Interpretable Selection and Visualization of Features and Interactions Using Bayesian Forests
stat.ML
It is becoming increasingly important for machine learning methods to make predictions that are interpretable as well as accurate. In many practical applications, it is of interest which features and feature interactions are relevant to the prediction task. We present a novel method, Selective Bayesian Forest Classifie...
computer science
22,157
Convex recovery of tensors using nuclear norm penalization
stat.ML
The subdifferential of convex functions of the singular spectrum of real matrices has been widely studied in matrix analysis, optimization and automatic control theory. Convex analysis and optimization over spaces of tensors is now gaining much interest due to its potential applications to signal processing, statistics...
computer science
22,158
Gradient-free Hamiltonian Monte Carlo with Efficient Kernel Exponential Families
stat.ML
We propose Kernel Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (KMC), a gradient-free adaptive MCMC algorithm based on Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC). On target densities where classical HMC is not an option due to intractable gradients, KMC adaptively learns the target's gradient structure by fitting an exponential family model in a Reprod...
computer science
22,159
Frank-Wolfe Bayesian Quadrature: Probabilistic Integration with Theoretical Guarantees
stat.ML
There is renewed interest in formulating integration as an inference problem, motivated by obtaining a full distribution over numerical error that can be propagated through subsequent computation. Current methods, such as Bayesian Quadrature, demonstrate impressive empirical performance but lack theoretical analysis. A...
computer science
22,160
Community detection in multi-relational data with restricted multi-layer stochastic blockmodel
stat.ML
In recent years there has been an increased interest in statistical analysis of data with multiple types of relations among a set of entities. Such multi-relational data can be represented as multi-layer graphs where the set of vertices represents the entities and multiple types of edges represent the different relatio...
computer science
22,161
Parallelizing MCMC with Random Partition Trees
stat.ML
The modern scale of data has brought new challenges to Bayesian inference. In particular, conventional MCMC algorithms are computationally very expensive for large data sets. A promising approach to solve this problem is embarrassingly parallel MCMC (EP-MCMC), which first partitions the data into multiple subsets and r...
computer science
22,162
A Scale Mixture Perspective of Multiplicative Noise in Neural Networks
stat.ML
Corrupting the input and hidden layers of deep neural networks (DNNs) with multiplicative noise, often drawn from the Bernoulli distribution (or 'dropout'), provides regularization that has significantly contributed to deep learning's success. However, understanding how multiplicative corruptions prevent overfitting ha...
computer science
22,163
Automatic Variational Inference in Stan
stat.ML
Variational inference is a scalable technique for approximate Bayesian inference. Deriving variational inference algorithms requires tedious model-specific calculations; this makes it difficult to automate. We propose an automatic variational inference algorithm, automatic differentiation variational inference (ADVI). ...
computer science
22,164
Probabilistic Curve Learning: Coulomb Repulsion and the Electrostatic Gaussian Process
stat.ML
Learning of low dimensional structure in multidimensional data is a canonical problem in machine learning. One common approach is to suppose that the observed data are close to a lower-dimensional smooth manifold. There are a rich variety of manifold learning methods available, which allow mapping of data points to the...
computer science
22,165
Generalized Additive Model Selection
stat.ML
We introduce GAMSEL (Generalized Additive Model Selection), a penalized likelihood approach for fitting sparse generalized additive models in high dimension. Our method interpolates between null, linear and additive models by allowing the effect of each variable to be estimated as being either zero, linear, or a low-co...
computer science
22,166
Robust Structured Low-Rank Approximation on the Grassmannian
stat.ML
Over the past years Robust PCA has been established as a standard tool for reliable low-rank approximation of matrices in the presence of outliers. Recently, the Robust PCA approach via nuclear norm minimization has been extended to matrices with linear structures which appear in applications such as system identificat...
computer science
22,167
MCMC for Variationally Sparse Gaussian Processes
stat.ML
Gaussian process (GP) models form a core part of probabilistic machine learning. Considerable research effort has been made into attacking three issues with GP models: how to compute efficiently when the number of data is large; how to approximate the posterior when the likelihood is not Gaussian and how to estimate co...
computer science
22,168
Linear Response Methods for Accurate Covariance Estimates from Mean Field Variational Bayes
stat.ML
Mean field variational Bayes (MFVB) is a popular posterior approximation method due to its fast runtime on large-scale data sets. However, it is well known that a major failing of MFVB is that it underestimates the uncertainty of model variables (sometimes severely) and provides no information about model variable cova...
computer science
22,169
Exact ICL maximization in a non-stationary time extension of the latent block model for dynamic networks
stat.ML
The latent block model (LBM) is a flexible probabilistic tool to describe interactions between node sets in bipartite networks, but it does not account for interactions of time varying intensity between nodes in unknown classes. In this paper we propose a non stationary temporal extension of the LBM that clusters simul...
computer science
22,170
A Spectral Algorithm with Additive Clustering for the Recovery of Overlapping Communities in Networks
stat.ML
This paper presents a novel spectral algorithm with additive clustering designed to identify overlapping communities in networks. The algorithm is based on geometric properties of the spectrum of the expected adjacency matrix in a random graph model that we call stochastic blockmodel with overlap (SBMO). An adaptive ve...
computer science
22,171
Online Matrix Factorization via Broyden Updates
stat.ML
In this paper, we propose an online algorithm to compute matrix factorizations. Proposed algorithm updates the dictionary matrix and associated coefficients using a single observation at each time. The algorithm performs low-rank updates to dictionary matrix. We derive the algorithm by defining a simple objective funct...
computer science
22,172
Fast Two-Sample Testing with Analytic Representations of Probability Measures
stat.ML
We propose a class of nonparametric two-sample tests with a cost linear in the sample size. Two tests are given, both based on an ensemble of distances between analytic functions representing each of the distributions. The first test uses smoothed empirical characteristic functions to represent the distributions, the s...
computer science
22,173
Simultaneous Estimation of Non-Gaussian Components and their Correlation Structure
stat.ML
The statistical dependencies which independent component analysis (ICA) cannot remove often provide rich information beyond the linear independent components. It would thus be very useful to estimate the dependency structure from data. While such models have been proposed, they usually concentrated on higher-order corr...
computer science
22,174
Dependent Multinomial Models Made Easy: Stick Breaking with the Pólya-Gamma Augmentation
stat.ML
Many practical modeling problems involve discrete data that are best represented as draws from multinomial or categorical distributions. For example, nucleotides in a DNA sequence, children's names in a given state and year, and text documents are all commonly modeled with multinomial distributions. In all of these cas...
computer science
22,175
Doubly Decomposing Nonparametric Tensor Regression
stat.ML
Nonparametric extension of tensor regression is proposed. Nonlinearity in a high-dimensional tensor space is broken into simple local functions by incorporating low-rank tensor decomposition. Compared to naive nonparametric approaches, our formulation considerably improves the convergence rate of estimation while maint...
computer science
22,176
Clustering categorical data via ensembling dissimilarity matrices
stat.ML
We present a technique for clustering categorical data by generating many dissimilarity matrices and averaging over them. We begin by demonstrating our technique on low dimensional categorical data and comparing it to several other techniques that have been proposed. Then we give conditions under which our method shoul...
computer science
22,177
Principal Geodesic Analysis for Probability Measures under the Optimal Transport Metric
stat.ML
Given a family of probability measures in P(X), the space of probability measures on a Hilbert space X, our goal in this paper is to highlight one ore more curves in P(X) that summarize efficiently that family. We propose to study this problem under the optimal transport (Wasserstein) geometry, using curves that are re...
computer science
22,178
Factorized Asymptotic Bayesian Inference for Factorial Hidden Markov Models
stat.ML
Factorial hidden Markov models (FHMMs) are powerful tools of modeling sequential data. Learning FHMMs yields a challenging simultaneous model selection issue, i.e., selecting the number of multiple Markov chains and the dimensionality of each chain. Our main contribution is to address this model selection issue by exte...
computer science
22,179
An Efficient Post-Selection Inference on High-Order Interaction Models
stat.ML
Finding statistically significant high-order interaction features in predictive modeling is important but challenging task. The difficulty lies in the fact that, for a recent applications with high-dimensional covariates, the number of possible high-order interaction features would be extremely large. Identifying stati...
computer science
22,180
Safe Feature Pruning for Sparse High-Order Interaction Models
stat.ML
Taking into account high-order interactions among covariates is valuable in many practical regression problems. This is, however, computationally challenging task because the number of high-order interaction features to be considered would be extremely large unless the number of covariates is sufficiently small. In thi...
computer science
22,181
Bayesian Nonparametric Kernel-Learning
stat.ML
Kernel methods are ubiquitous tools in machine learning. However, there is often little reason for the common practice of selecting a kernel a priori. Even if a universal approximating kernel is selected, the quality of the finite sample estimator may be greatly affected by the choice of kernel. Furthermore, when direc...
computer science
22,182
On the Equivalence of Factorized Information Criterion Regularization and the Chinese Restaurant Process Prior
stat.ML
Factorized Information Criterion (FIC) is a recently developed information criterion, based on which a novel model selection methodology, namely Factorized Asymptotic Bayesian (FAB) Inference, has been developed and successfully applied to various hierarchical Bayesian models. The Dirichlet Process (DP) prior, and one ...
computer science
22,183
Gaussian Process for Noisy Inputs with Ordering Constraints
stat.ML
We study the Gaussian Process regression model in the context of training data with noise in both input and output. The presence of two sources of noise makes the task of learning accurate predictive models extremely challenging. However, in some instances additional constraints may be available that can reduce the unc...
computer science
22,184
Identification of stable models via nonparametric prediction error methods
stat.ML
A new Bayesian approach to linear system identification has been proposed in a series of recent papers. The main idea is to frame linear system identification as predictor estimation in an infinite dimensional space, with the aid of regularization/Bayesian techniques. This approach guarantees the identification of stab...
computer science
22,185
Classical vs. Bayesian methods for linear system identification: point estimators and confidence sets
stat.ML
This paper compares classical parametric methods with recently developed Bayesian methods for system identification. A Full Bayes solution is considered together with one of the standard approximations based on the Empirical Bayes paradigm. Results regarding point estimators for the impulse response as well as for conf...
computer science
22,186
Anomaly Detection and Removal Using Non-Stationary Gaussian Processes
stat.ML
This paper proposes a novel Gaussian process approach to fault removal in time-series data. Fault removal does not delete the faulty signal data but, instead, massages the fault from the data. We assume that only one fault occurs at any one time and model the signal by two separate non-parametric Gaussian process model...
computer science
22,187
Remarks on kernel Bayes' rule
stat.ML
Kernel Bayes' rule has been proposed as a nonparametric kernel-based method to realize Bayesian inference in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. However, we demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally that the prediction result by kernel Bayes' rule is in some cases unnatural. We consider that this phenomenon is i...
computer science
22,188
Semiblind Hyperspectral Unmixing in the Presence of Spectral Library Mismatches
stat.ML
The dictionary-aided sparse regression (SR) approach has recently emerged as a promising alternative to hyperspectral unmixing (HU) in remote sensing. By using an available spectral library as a dictionary, the SR approach identifies the underlying materials in a given hyperspectral image by selecting a small subset of...
computer science
22,189
Completely random measures for modelling block-structured networks
stat.ML
Many statistical methods for network data parameterize the edge-probability by attributing latent traits to the vertices such as block structure and assume exchangeability in the sense of the Aldous-Hoover representation theorem. Empirical studies of networks indicate that many real-world networks have a power-law dist...
computer science
22,190
On the use of Harrell's C for clinical risk prediction via random survival forests
stat.ML
Random survival forests (RSF) are a powerful method for risk prediction of right-censored outcomes in biomedical research. RSF use the log-rank split criterion to form an ensemble of survival trees. The most common approach to evaluate the prediction accuracy of a RSF model is Harrell's concordance index for survival d...
computer science
22,191
Dependent Indian Buffet Process-based Sparse Nonparametric Nonnegative Matrix Factorization
stat.ML
Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) aims to factorize a matrix into two optimized nonnegative matrices appropriate for the intended applications. The method has been widely used for unsupervised learning tasks, including recommender systems (rating matrix of users by items) and document clustering (weighting matrix ...
computer science
22,192
Scalable Bayesian Inference for Excitatory Point Process Networks
stat.ML
Networks capture our intuition about relationships in the world. They describe the friendships between Facebook users, interactions in financial markets, and synapses connecting neurons in the brain. These networks are richly structured with cliques of friends, sectors of stocks, and a smorgasbord of cell types that go...
computer science
22,193
Scatter Matrix Concordance: A Diagnostic for Regressions on Subsets of Data
stat.ML
Linear regression models depend directly on the design matrix and its properties. Techniques that efficiently estimate model coefficients by partitioning rows of the design matrix are increasingly popular for large-scale problems because they fit well with modern parallel computing architectures. We propose a simple me...
computer science
22,194
Joint Tensor Factorization and Outlying Slab Suppression with Applications
stat.ML
We consider factoring low-rank tensors in the presence of outlying slabs. This problem is important in practice, because data collected in many real-world applications, such as speech, fluorescence, and some social network data, fit this paradigm. Prior work tackles this problem by iteratively selecting a fixed number ...
computer science
22,195
On the Convergence of Stochastic Variational Inference in Bayesian Networks
stat.ML
We highlight a pitfall when applying stochastic variational inference to general Bayesian networks. For global random variables approximated by an exponential family distribution, natural gradient steps, commonly starting from a unit length step size, are averaged to convergence. This useful insight into the scaling of...
computer science
22,196
Scalable Gaussian Process Classification via Expectation Propagation
stat.ML
Variational methods have been recently considered for scaling the training process of Gaussian process classifiers to large datasets. As an alternative, we describe here how to train these classifiers efficiently using expectation propagation. The proposed method allows for handling datasets with millions of data insta...
computer science
22,197
Incremental Variational Inference for Latent Dirichlet Allocation
stat.ML
We introduce incremental variational inference and apply it to latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA). Incremental variational inference is inspired by incremental EM and provides an alternative to stochastic variational inference. Incremental LDA can process massive document collections, does not require to set a learning ...
computer science
22,198
Fast Approximate Bayesian Computation for Estimating Parameters in Differential Equations
stat.ML
Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) using a sequential Monte Carlo method provides a comprehensive platform for parameter estimation, model selection and sensitivity analysis in differential equations. However, this method, like other Monte Carlo methods, incurs a significant computational cost as it requires explic...
computer science
22,199
Optimal Estimation of Low Rank Density Matrices
stat.ML
The density matrices are positively semi-definite Hermitian matrices of unit trace that describe the state of a quantum system. The goal of the paper is to develop minimax lower bounds on error rates of estimation of low rank density matrices in trace regression models used in quantum state tomography (in particular, i...
computer science
22,200
The Population Posterior and Bayesian Inference on Streams
stat.ML
Many modern data analysis problems involve inferences from streaming data. However, streaming data is not easily amenable to the standard probabilistic modeling approaches, which assume that we condition on finite data. We develop population variational Bayes, a new approach for using Bayesian modeling to analyze strea...
computer science
22,201
Causal Transfer in Machine Learning
stat.ML
Methods of transfer learning try to combine knowledge from several related tasks (or domains) to improve performance on a test task. Inspired by causal methodology, we relax the usual covariate shift assumption and assume that it holds true for a subset of predictor variables: the conditional distribution of the target...
computer science