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32,402
A General Framework for Density Based Time Series Clustering Exploiting a Novel Admissible Pruning Strategy
cs.LG
Time Series Clustering is an important subroutine in many higher-level data mining analyses, including data editing for classifiers, summarization, and outlier detection. It is well known that for similarity search the superiority of Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) over Euclidean distance gradually diminishes as we consider...
computer science
32,403
Learning Operations on a Stack with Neural Turing Machines
cs.LG
Multiple extensions of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have been proposed recently to address the difficulty of storing information over long time periods. In this paper, we experiment with the capacity of Neural Turing Machines (NTMs) to deal with these long-term dependencies on well-balanced strings of parentheses. ...
computer science
32,404
Success Probability of Exploration: a Concrete Analysis of Learning Efficiency
cs.LG
Exploration has been a crucial part of reinforcement learning, yet several important questions concerning exploration efficiency are still not answered satisfactorily by existing analytical frameworks. These questions include exploration parameter setting, situation analysis, and hardness of MDPs, all of which are unav...
computer science
32,405
Trained Ternary Quantization
cs.LG
Deep neural networks are widely used in machine learning applications. However, the deployment of large neural networks models can be difficult to deploy on mobile devices with limited power budgets. To solve this problem, we propose Trained Ternary Quantization (TTQ), a method that can reduce the precision of weights ...
computer science
32,406
Learning to superoptimize programs - Workshop Version
cs.LG
Superoptimization requires the estimation of the best program for a given computational task. In order to deal with large programs, superoptimization techniques perform a stochastic search. This involves proposing a modification of the current program, which is accepted or rejected based on the improvement achieved. Th...
computer science
32,407
Cryptocurrency Portfolio Management with Deep Reinforcement Learning
cs.LG
Portfolio management is the decision-making process of allocating an amount of fund into different financial investment products. Cryptocurrencies are electronic and decentralized alternatives to government-issued money, with Bitcoin as the best-known example of a cryptocurrency. This paper presents a model-less convol...
computer science
32,408
Diagnostic Prediction Using Discomfort Drawings
cs.LG
In this paper, we explore the possibility to apply machine learning to make diagnostic predictions using discomfort drawings. A discomfort drawing is an intuitive way for patients to express discomfort and pain related symptoms. These drawings have proven to be an effective method to collect patient data and make diagn...
computer science
32,409
An Asymptotically Optimal Contextual Bandit Algorithm Using Hierarchical Structures
cs.LG
We propose online algorithms for sequential learning in the contextual multi-armed bandit setting. Our approach is to partition the context space and then optimally combine all of the possible mappings between the partition regions and the set of bandit arms in a data driven manner. We show that in our approach, the be...
computer science
32,410
Implicit Modeling -- A Generalization of Discriminative and Generative Approaches
cs.LG
We propose a new modeling approach that is a generalization of generative and discriminative models. The core idea is to use an implicit parameterization of a joint probability distribution by specifying only the conditional distributions. The proposed scheme combines the advantages of both worlds -- it can use powerfu...
computer science
32,411
Learning Adversary-Resistant Deep Neural Networks
cs.LG
Deep neural networks (DNNs) have proven to be quite effective in a vast array of machine learning tasks, with recent examples in cyber security and autonomous vehicles. Despite the superior performance of DNNs in these applications, it has been recently shown that these models are susceptible to a particular type of at...
computer science
32,412
Zeroth-order Asynchronous Doubly Stochastic Algorithm with Variance Reduction
cs.LG
Zeroth-order (derivative-free) optimization attracts a lot of attention in machine learning, because explicit gradient calculations may be computationally expensive or infeasible. To handle large scale problems both in volume and dimension, recently asynchronous doubly stochastic zeroth-order algorithms were proposed. ...
computer science
32,413
Efficient Non-oblivious Randomized Reduction for Risk Minimization with Improved Excess Risk Guarantee
cs.LG
In this paper, we address learning problems for high dimensional data. Previously, oblivious random projection based approaches that project high dimensional features onto a random subspace have been used in practice for tackling high-dimensionality challenge in machine learning. Recently, various non-oblivious randomi...
computer science
32,414
Control Matching via Discharge Code Sequences
cs.LG
In this paper, we consider the patient similarity matching problem over a cancer cohort of more than 220,000 patients. Our approach first leverages on Word2Vec framework to embed ICD codes into vector-valued representation. We then propose a sequential algorithm for case-control matching on this representation space of...
computer science
32,415
Combinatorial semi-bandit with known covariance
cs.LG
The combinatorial stochastic semi-bandit problem is an extension of the classical multi-armed bandit problem in which an algorithm pulls more than one arm at each stage and the rewards of all pulled arms are revealed. One difference with the single arm variant is that the dependency structure of the arms is crucial. Pr...
computer science
32,416
Towards Information-Seeking Agents
cs.LG
We develop a general problem setting for training and testing the ability of agents to gather information efficiently. Specifically, we present a collection of tasks in which success requires searching through a partially-observed environment, for fragments of information which can be pieced together to accomplish vari...
computer science
32,417
Design of Data-Driven Mathematical Laws for Optimal Statistical Classification Systems
cs.LG
This article will devise data-driven, mathematical laws that generate optimal, statistical classification systems which achieve Bayes' error rate for data distributions with unchanging statistics. Thereby, I will design learning machines that minimize the Bayes' risk or probability of misclassification. I will devise a...
computer science
32,418
An empirical analysis of the optimization of deep network loss surfaces
cs.LG
The success of deep neural networks hinges on our ability to accurately and efficiently optimize high-dimensional, non-convex functions. In this paper, we empirically investigate the loss functions of state-of-the-art networks, and how commonly-used stochastic gradient descent variants optimize these loss functions. To...
computer science
32,419
DizzyRNN: Reparameterizing Recurrent Neural Networks for Norm-Preserving Backpropagation
cs.LG
The vanishing and exploding gradient problems are well-studied obstacles that make it difficult for recurrent neural networks to learn long-term time dependencies. We propose a reparameterization of standard recurrent neural networks to update linear transformations in a provably norm-preserving way through Givens rota...
computer science
32,420
An Architecture for Deep, Hierarchical Generative Models
cs.LG
We present an architecture which lets us train deep, directed generative models with many layers of latent variables. We include deterministic paths between all latent variables and the generated output, and provide a richer set of connections between computations for inference and generation, which enables more effect...
computer science
32,421
Bayesian Optimization for Machine Learning : A Practical Guidebook
cs.LG
The engineering of machine learning systems is still a nascent field; relying on a seemingly daunting collection of quickly evolving tools and best practices. It is our hope that this guidebook will serve as a useful resource for machine learning practitioners looking to take advantage of Bayesian optimization techniqu...
computer science
32,422
Models, networks and algorithmic complexity
cs.LG
I aim to show that models, classification or generating functions, invariances and datasets are algorithmically equivalent concepts once properly defined, and provide some concrete examples of them. I then show that a) neural networks (NNs) of different kinds can be seen to implement models, b) that perturbations of in...
computer science
32,423
A new recurrent neural network based predictive model for Faecal Calprotectin analysis: A retrospective study
cs.LG
Faecal Calprotectin (FC) is a surrogate marker for intestinal inflammation, termed Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), but not for cancer. In this retrospective study of 804 patients, an enhanced benchmark predictive model for analyzing FC is developed, based on a novel state-of-the-art Echo State Network (ESN), an advan...
computer science
32,424
Quantization and Training of Low Bit-Width Convolutional Neural Networks for Object Detection
cs.LG
We present LBW-Net, an efficient optimization based method for quantization and training of the low bit-width convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Specifically, we quantize the weights to zero or powers of two by minimizing the Euclidean distance between full-precision weights and quantized weights during backpropagat...
computer science
32,425
Supervised Learning for Optimal Power Flow as a Real-Time Proxy
cs.LG
In this work we design and compare different supervised learning algorithms to compute the cost of Alternating Current Optimal Power Flow (ACOPF). The motivation for quick calculation of OPF cost outcomes stems from the growing need of algorithmic-based long-term and medium-term planning methodologies in power networks...
computer science
32,426
Temporal Feature Selection on Networked Time Series
cs.LG
This paper formulates the problem of learning discriminative features (\textit{i.e.,} segments) from networked time series data considering the linked information among time series. For example, social network users are considered to be social sensors that continuously generate social signals (tweets) represented as a ...
computer science
32,427
Robust Classification of Graph-Based Data
cs.LG
A graph-based classification method is proposed both for semi-supervised learning in the case of Euclidean data and for classification in the case of graph data. Our manifold learning technique is based on a convex optimization problem involving a convex regularization term and a concave loss function with a trade-off ...
computer science
32,428
Collaborative Filtering with User-Item Co-Autoregressive Models
cs.LG
Deep neural networks have shown promise in collaborative filtering (CF). However, existing neural approaches are either user-based or item-based, which cannot leverage all the underlying information explicitly. We propose CF-UIcA, a neural co-autoregressive model for CF tasks, which exploits the structural correlation ...
computer science
32,429
Loss is its own Reward: Self-Supervision for Reinforcement Learning
cs.LG
Reinforcement learning optimizes policies for expected cumulative reward. Need the supervision be so narrow? Reward is delayed and sparse for many tasks, making it a difficult and impoverished signal for end-to-end optimization. To augment reward, we consider a range of self-supervised tasks that incorporate states, ac...
computer science
32,430
A note on the function approximation error bound for risk-sensitive reinforcement learning
cs.LG
In this paper we obtain several error bounds on function approximation for the policy evaluation algorithm proposed by Basu et al. when the aim is to find the risk-sensitive cost represented using exponential utility. We also give examples where all our bounds achieve the "actual error" whereas the earlier bound given ...
computer science
32,431
A Hybrid Both Filter and Wrapper Feature Selection Method for Microarray Classification
cs.LG
Gene expression data is widely used in disease analysis and cancer diagnosis. However, since gene expression data could contain thousands of genes simultaneously, successful microarray classification is rather difficult. Feature selection is an important pre-treatment for any classification process. Selecting a useful ...
computer science
32,432
Automatic composition and optimisation of multicomponent predictive systems
cs.LG
Composition and parametrisation of multicomponent predictive systems (MCPSs) consisting of chains of data transformation steps is a challenging task. This paper is concerned with theoretical considerations and extensive experimental analysis for automating the task of building such predictive systems. In the theoretica...
computer science
32,433
Deep Learning and Hierarchal Generative Models
cs.LG
We propose a new prism for studying deep learning motivated by connections between deep learning and evolution. We hypothesize that deep learning is efficient in learning data from "generative hierarchal models". Our main contributions are: 1. We introduce of a sequence of increasingly complex hierarchical generative...
computer science
32,434
Modeling documents with Generative Adversarial Networks
cs.LG
This paper describes a method for using Generative Adversarial Networks to learn distributed representations of natural language documents. We propose a model that is based on the recently proposed Energy-Based GAN, but instead uses a Denoising Autoencoder as the discriminator network. Document representations are extr...
computer science
32,435
Linear Learning with Sparse Data
cs.LG
Linear predictors are especially useful when the data is high-dimensional and sparse. One of the standard techniques used to train a linear predictor is the Averaged Stochastic Gradient Descent (ASGD) algorithm. We present an efficient implementation of ASGD that avoids dense vector operations. We also describe a trans...
computer science
32,436
Automatic Discoveries of Physical and Semantic Concepts via Association Priors of Neuron Groups
cs.LG
The recent successful deep neural networks are largely trained in a supervised manner. It {\it associates} complex patterns of input samples with neurons in the last layer, which form representations of {\it concepts}. In spite of their successes, the properties of complex patterns associated a learned concept remain e...
computer science
32,437
Linking the Neural Machine Translation and the Prediction of Organic Chemistry Reactions
cs.LG
Finding the main product of a chemical reaction is one of the important problems of organic chemistry. This paper describes a method of applying a neural machine translation model to the prediction of organic chemical reactions. In order to translate 'reactants and reagents' to 'products', a gated recurrent unit based ...
computer science
32,438
Parametric Learning and Monte Carlo Optimization
cs.LG
This paper uncovers and explores the close relationship between Monte Carlo Optimization of a parametrized integral (MCO), Parametric machine-Learning (PL), and `blackbox' or `oracle'-based optimization (BO). We make four contributions. First, we prove that MCO is mathematically identical to a broad class of PL problem...
computer science
32,439
Supervised Feature Selection via Dependence Estimation
cs.LG
We introduce a framework for filtering features that employs the Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion (HSIC) as a measure of dependence between the features and the labels. The key idea is that good features should maximise such dependence. Feature selection for various supervised learning problems (including classif...
computer science
32,440
Clustering with Transitive Distance and K-Means Duality
cs.LG
Recent spectral clustering methods are a propular and powerful technique for data clustering. These methods need to solve the eigenproblem whose computational complexity is $O(n^3)$, where $n$ is the number of data samples. In this paper, a non-eigenproblem based clustering method is proposed to deal with the clusterin...
computer science
32,441
Covariance and PCA for Categorical Variables
cs.LG
Covariances from categorical variables are defined using a regular simplex expression for categories. The method follows the variance definition by Gini, and it gives the covariance as a solution of simultaneous equations. The calculated results give reasonable values for test data. A method of principal component anal...
computer science
32,442
Asymptotic Analysis of Generative Semi-Supervised Learning
cs.LG
Semisupervised learning has emerged as a popular framework for improving modeling accuracy while controlling labeling cost. Based on an extension of stochastic composite likelihood we quantify the asymptotic accuracy of generative semi-supervised learning. In doing so, we complement distribution-free analysis by provid...
computer science
32,443
Unsupervised Supervised Learning II: Training Margin Based Classifiers without Labels
cs.LG
Many popular linear classifiers, such as logistic regression, boosting, or SVM, are trained by optimizing a margin-based risk function. Traditionally, these risk functions are computed based on a labeled dataset. We develop a novel technique for estimating such risks using only unlabeled data and the marginal label dis...
computer science
32,444
Model Selection with the Loss Rank Principle
cs.LG
A key issue in statistics and machine learning is to automatically select the "right" model complexity, e.g., the number of neighbors to be averaged over in k nearest neighbor (kNN) regression or the polynomial degree in regression with polynomials. We suggest a novel principle - the Loss Rank Principle (LoRP) - for mo...
computer science
32,445
Statistical and Computational Tradeoffs in Stochastic Composite Likelihood
cs.LG
Maximum likelihood estimators are often of limited practical use due to the intensive computation they require. We propose a family of alternative estimators that maximize a stochastic variation of the composite likelihood function. Each of the estimators resolve the computation-accuracy tradeoff differently, and taken...
computer science
32,446
Exponential Family Hybrid Semi-Supervised Learning
cs.LG
We present an approach to semi-supervised learning based on an exponential family characterization. Our approach generalizes previous work on coupled priors for hybrid generative/discriminative models. Our model is more flexible and natural than previous approaches. Experimental results on several data sets show that o...
computer science
32,447
A New Clustering Approach based on Page's Path Similarity for Navigation Patterns Mining
cs.LG
In recent years, predicting the user's next request in web navigation has received much attention. An information source to be used for dealing with such problem is the left information by the previous web users stored at the web access log on the web servers. Purposed systems for this problem work based on this idea t...
computer science
32,448
Hierarchical Web Page Classification Based on a Topic Model and Neighboring Pages Integration
cs.LG
Most Web page classification models typically apply the bag of words (BOW) model to represent the feature space. The original BOW representation, however, is unable to recognize semantic relationships between terms. One possible solution is to apply the topic model approach based on the Latent Dirichlet Allocation algo...
computer science
32,449
Supermartingales in Prediction with Expert Advice
cs.LG
We apply the method of defensive forecasting, based on the use of game-theoretic supermartingales, to prediction with expert advice. In the traditional setting of a countable number of experts and a finite number of outcomes, the Defensive Forecasting Algorithm is very close to the well-known Aggregating Algorithm. Not...
computer science
32,450
The Latent Bernoulli-Gauss Model for Data Analysis
cs.LG
We present a new latent-variable model employing a Gaussian mixture integrated with a feature selection procedure (the Bernoulli part of the model) which together form a "Latent Bernoulli-Gauss" distribution. The model is applied to MAP estimation, clustering, feature selection and collaborative filtering and fares fav...
computer science
32,451
Filtrage vaste marge pour l'étiquetage séquentiel à noyaux de signaux
cs.LG
We address in this paper the problem of multi-channel signal sequence labeling. In particular, we consider the problem where the signals are contaminated by noise or may present some dephasing with respect to their labels. For that, we propose to jointly learn a SVM sample classifier with a temporal filtering of the ch...
computer science
32,452
A note on sample complexity of learning binary output neural networks under fixed input distributions
cs.LG
We show that the learning sample complexity of a sigmoidal neural network constructed by Sontag (1992) required to achieve a given misclassification error under a fixed purely atomic distribution can grow arbitrarily fast: for any prescribed rate of growth there is an input distribution having this rate as the sample c...
computer science
32,453
Reinforcement Learning via AIXI Approximation
cs.LG
This paper introduces a principled approach for the design of a scalable general reinforcement learning agent. This approach is based on a direct approximation of AIXI, a Bayesian optimality notion for general reinforcement learning agents. Previously, it has been unclear whether the theory of AIXI could motivate the d...
computer science
32,454
Adapting to the Shifting Intent of Search Queries
cs.LG
Search engines today present results that are often oblivious to abrupt shifts in intent. For example, the query `independence day' usually refers to a US holiday, but the intent of this query abruptly changed during the release of a major film by that name. While no studies exactly quantify the magnitude of intent-shi...
computer science
32,455
Comparison of Support Vector Machine and Back Propagation Neural Network in Evaluating the Enterprise Financial Distress
cs.LG
Recently, applying the novel data mining techniques for evaluating enterprise financial distress has received much research alternation. Support Vector Machine (SVM) and back propagation neural (BPN) network has been applied successfully in many areas with excellent generalization results, such as rule extraction, clas...
computer science
32,456
Close Clustering Based Automated Color Image Annotation
cs.LG
Most image-search approaches today are based on the text based tags associated with the images which are mostly human generated and are subject to various kinds of errors. The results of a query to the image database thus can often be misleading and may not satisfy the requirements of the user. In this work we propose ...
computer science
32,457
Bounded Coordinate-Descent for Biological Sequence Classification in High Dimensional Predictor Space
cs.LG
We present a framework for discriminative sequence classification where the learner works directly in the high dimensional predictor space of all subsequences in the training set. This is possible by employing a new coordinate-descent algorithm coupled with bounding the magnitude of the gradient for selecting discrimin...
computer science
32,458
Semi-Supervised Kernel PCA
cs.LG
We present three generalisations of Kernel Principal Components Analysis (KPCA) which incorporate knowledge of the class labels of a subset of the data points. The first, MV-KPCA, penalises within class variances similar to Fisher discriminant analysis. The second, LSKPCA is a hybrid of least squares regression and ker...
computer science
32,459
Online Learning in Case of Unbounded Losses Using the Follow Perturbed Leader Algorithm
cs.LG
In this paper the sequential prediction problem with expert advice is considered for the case where losses of experts suffered at each step cannot be bounded in advance. We present some modification of Kalai and Vempala algorithm of following the perturbed leader where weights depend on past losses of the experts. New ...
computer science
32,460
Switching between Hidden Markov Models using Fixed Share
cs.LG
In prediction with expert advice the goal is to design online prediction algorithms that achieve small regret (additional loss on the whole data) compared to a reference scheme. In the simplest such scheme one compares to the loss of the best expert in hindsight. A more ambitious goal is to split the data into segments...
computer science
32,461
Freezing and Sleeping: Tracking Experts that Learn by Evolving Past Posteriors
cs.LG
A problem posed by Freund is how to efficiently track a small pool of experts out of a much larger set. This problem was solved when Bousquet and Warmuth introduced their mixing past posteriors (MPP) algorithm in 2001. In Freund's problem the experts would normally be considered black boxes. However, in this paper we...
computer science
32,462
Learning in embodied action-perception loops through exploration
cs.LG
Although exploratory behaviors are ubiquitous in the animal kingdom, their computational underpinnings are still largely unknown. Behavioral Psychology has identified learning as a primary drive underlying many exploratory behaviors. Exploration is seen as a means for an animal to gather sensory data useful for reducin...
computer science
32,463
An Identity for Kernel Ridge Regression
cs.LG
This paper derives an identity connecting the square loss of ridge regression in on-line mode with the loss of the retrospectively best regressor. Some corollaries about the properties of the cumulative loss of on-line ridge regression are also obtained.
computer science
32,464
Bipartite ranking algorithm for classification and survival analysis
cs.LG
Unsupervised aggregation of independently built univariate predictors is explored as an alternative regularization approach for noisy, sparse datasets. Bipartite ranking algorithm Smooth Rank implementing this approach is introduced. The advantages of this algorithm are demonstrated on two types of problems. First, Smo...
computer science
32,465
Analysis and Extension of Arc-Cosine Kernels for Large Margin Classification
cs.LG
We investigate a recently proposed family of positive-definite kernels that mimic the computation in large neural networks. We examine the properties of these kernels using tools from differential geometry; specifically, we analyze the geometry of surfaces in Hilbert space that are induced by these kernels. When this g...
computer science
32,466
Nonnegative Matrix Factorization for Semi-supervised Dimensionality Reduction
cs.LG
We show how to incorporate information from labeled examples into nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), a popular unsupervised learning algorithm for dimensionality reduction. In addition to mapping the data into a space of lower dimensionality, our approach aims to preserve the nonnegative components of the data tha...
computer science
32,467
Clustering and Latent Semantic Indexing Aspects of the Nonnegative Matrix Factorization
cs.LG
This paper provides a theoretical support for clustering aspect of the nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF). By utilizing the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions, we show that NMF objective is equivalent to graph clustering objective, so clustering aspect of the NMF has a solid justification. Different from prev...
computer science
32,468
Evaluation of Performance Measures for Classifiers Comparison
cs.LG
The selection of the best classification algorithm for a given dataset is a very widespread problem, occuring each time one has to choose a classifier to solve a real-world problem. It is also a complex task with many important methodological decisions to make. Among those, one of the most crucial is the choice of an a...
computer science
32,469
Modeling transition dynamics in MDPs with RKHS embeddings of conditional distributions
cs.LG
We propose a new, nonparametric approach to estimating the value function in reinforcement learning. This approach makes use of a recently developed representation of conditional distributions as functions in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. Such representations bypass the need for estimating transition probabilitie...
computer science
32,470
Combining One-Class Classifiers via Meta-Learning
cs.LG
Selecting the best classifier among the available ones is a difficult task, especially when only instances of one class exist. In this work we examine the notion of combining one-class classifiers as an alternative for selecting the best classifier. In particular, we propose two new one-class classification performance...
computer science
32,471
Building high-level features using large scale unsupervised learning
cs.LG
We consider the problem of building high-level, class-specific feature detectors from only unlabeled data. For example, is it possible to learn a face detector using only unlabeled images? To answer this, we train a 9-layered locally connected sparse autoencoder with pooling and local contrast normalization on a large ...
computer science
32,472
Two-Manifold Problems
cs.LG
Recently, there has been much interest in spectral approaches to learning manifolds---so-called kernel eigenmap methods. These methods have had some successes, but their applicability is limited because they are not robust to noise. To address this limitation, we look at two-manifold problems, in which we simultaneousl...
computer science
32,473
Extension of TSVM to Multi-Class and Hierarchical Text Classification Problems With General Losses
cs.LG
Transductive SVM (TSVM) is a well known semi-supervised large margin learning method for binary text classification. In this paper we extend this method to multi-class and hierarchical classification problems. We point out that the determination of labels of unlabeled examples with fixed classifier weights is a linear ...
computer science
32,474
K-Plane Regression
cs.LG
In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for piecewise linear regression which can learn continuous as well as discontinuous piecewise linear functions. The main idea is to repeatedly partition the data and learn a liner model in in each partition. While a simple algorithm incorporating this idea does not work well,...
computer science
32,475
Algorithm for Missing Values Imputation in Categorical Data with Use of Association Rules
cs.LG
This paper presents algorithm for missing values imputation in categorical data. The algorithm is based on using association rules and is presented in three variants. Experimental shows better accuracy of missing values imputation using the algorithm then using most common attribute value.
computer science
32,476
No-Regret Algorithms for Unconstrained Online Convex Optimization
cs.LG
Some of the most compelling applications of online convex optimization, including online prediction and classification, are unconstrained: the natural feasible set is R^n. Existing algorithms fail to achieve sub-linear regret in this setting unless constraints on the comparator point x^* are known in advance. We presen...
computer science
32,477
Recovering the Optimal Solution by Dual Random Projection
cs.LG
Random projection has been widely used in data classification. It maps high-dimensional data into a low-dimensional subspace in order to reduce the computational cost in solving the related optimization problem. While previous studies are focused on analyzing the classification performance of using random projection, i...
computer science
32,478
On the difficulty of training Recurrent Neural Networks
cs.LG
There are two widely known issues with properly training Recurrent Neural Networks, the vanishing and the exploding gradient problems detailed in Bengio et al. (1994). In this paper we attempt to improve the understanding of the underlying issues by exploring these problems from an analytical, a geometric and a dynamic...
computer science
32,479
An Approach of Improving Students Academic Performance by using k means clustering algorithm and Decision tree
cs.LG
Improving students academic performance is not an easy task for the academic community of higher learning. The academic performance of engineering and science students during their first year at university is a turning point in their educational path and usually encroaches on their General Point Average,GPA in a decisi...
computer science
32,480
Multi-Target Regression via Input Space Expansion: Treating Targets as Inputs
cs.LG
In many practical applications of supervised learning the task involves the prediction of multiple target variables from a common set of input variables. When the prediction targets are binary the task is called multi-label classification, while when the targets are continuous the task is called multi-target regression...
computer science
32,481
Exploratory Learning
cs.LG
In multiclass semi-supervised learning (SSL), it is sometimes the case that the number of classes present in the data is not known, and hence no labeled examples are provided for some classes. In this paper we present variants of well-known semi-supervised multiclass learning methods that are robust when the data conta...
computer science
32,482
A PAC-Bayesian Tutorial with A Dropout Bound
cs.LG
This tutorial gives a concise overview of existing PAC-Bayesian theory focusing on three generalization bounds. The first is an Occam bound which handles rules with finite precision parameters and which states that generalization loss is near training loss when the number of bits needed to write the rule is small compa...
computer science
32,483
Minimum Error Rate Training and the Convex Hull Semiring
cs.LG
We describe the line search used in the minimum error rate training algorithm MERT as the "inside score" of a weighted proof forest under a semiring defined in terms of well-understood operations from computational geometry. This conception leads to a straightforward complexity analysis of the dynamic programming MERT ...
computer science
32,484
Large-scale Multi-label Learning with Missing Labels
cs.LG
The multi-label classification problem has generated significant interest in recent years. However, existing approaches do not adequately address two key challenges: (a) the ability to tackle problems with a large number (say millions) of labels, and (b) the ability to handle data with missing labels. In this paper, we...
computer science
32,485
Towards Distribution-Free Multi-Armed Bandits with Combinatorial Strategies
cs.LG
In this paper we study a generalized version of classical multi-armed bandits (MABs) problem by allowing for arbitrary constraints on constituent bandits at each decision point. The motivation of this study comes from many situations that involve repeatedly making choices subject to arbitrary constraints in an uncertai...
computer science
32,486
A scalable stage-wise approach to large-margin multi-class loss based boosting
cs.LG
We present a scalable and effective classification model to train multi-class boosting for multi-class classification problems. Shen and Hao introduced a direct formulation of multi- class boosting in the sense that it directly maximizes the multi- class margin [C. Shen and Z. Hao, "A direct formulation for totally-cor...
computer science
32,487
A New Strategy of Cost-Free Learning in the Class Imbalance Problem
cs.LG
In this work, we define cost-free learning (CFL) formally in comparison with cost-sensitive learning (CSL). The main difference between them is that a CFL approach seeks optimal classification results without requiring any cost information, even in the class imbalance problem. In fact, several CFL approaches exist in t...
computer science
32,488
A Propound Method for the Improvement of Cluster Quality
cs.LG
In this paper Knockout Refinement Algorithm (KRA) is proposed to refine original clusters obtained by applying SOM and K-Means clustering algorithms. KRA Algorithm is based on Contingency Table concepts. Metrics are computed for the Original and Refined Clusters. Quality of Original and Refined Clusters are compared in...
computer science
32,489
Towards Minimax Online Learning with Unknown Time Horizon
cs.LG
We consider online learning when the time horizon is unknown. We apply a minimax analysis, beginning with the fixed horizon case, and then moving on to two unknown-horizon settings, one that assumes the horizon is chosen randomly according to some known distribution, and the other which allows the adversary full contro...
computer science
32,490
The Planning-ahead SMO Algorithm
cs.LG
The sequential minimal optimization (SMO) algorithm and variants thereof are the de facto standard method for solving large quadratic programs for support vector machine (SVM) training. In this paper we propose a simple yet powerful modification. The main emphasis is on an algorithm improving the SMO step size by plann...
computer science
32,491
Clustering on Multiple Incomplete Datasets via Collective Kernel Learning
cs.LG
Multiple datasets containing different types of features may be available for a given task. For instance, users' profiles can be used to group users for recommendation systems. In addition, a model can also use users' historical behaviors and credit history to group users. Each dataset contains different information an...
computer science
32,492
Fast Multi-Instance Multi-Label Learning
cs.LG
In many real-world tasks, particularly those involving data objects with complicated semantics such as images and texts, one object can be represented by multiple instances and simultaneously be associated with multiple labels. Such tasks can be formulated as multi-instance multi-label learning (MIML) problems, and hav...
computer science
32,493
Localized Iterative Methods for Interpolation in Graph Structured Data
cs.LG
In this paper, we present two localized graph filtering based methods for interpolating graph signals defined on the vertices of arbitrary graphs from only a partial set of samples. The first method is an extension of previous work on reconstructing bandlimited graph signals from partially observed samples. The iterati...
computer science
32,494
Scaling Graph-based Semi Supervised Learning to Large Number of Labels Using Count-Min Sketch
cs.LG
Graph-based Semi-supervised learning (SSL) algorithms have been successfully used in a large number of applications. These methods classify initially unlabeled nodes by propagating label information over the structure of graph starting from seed nodes. Graph-based SSL algorithms usually scale linearly with the number o...
computer science
32,495
Learning Tensors in Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces with Multilinear Spectral Penalties
cs.LG
We present a general framework to learn functions in tensor product reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (TP-RKHSs). The methodology is based on a novel representer theorem suitable for existing as well as new spectral penalties for tensors. When the functions in the TP-RKHS are defined on the Cartesian product of finite ...
computer science
32,496
Thompson Sampling in Dynamic Systems for Contextual Bandit Problems
cs.LG
We consider the multiarm bandit problems in the timevarying dynamic system for rich structural features. For the nonlinear dynamic model, we propose the approximate inference for the posterior distributions based on Laplace Approximation. For the context bandit problems, Thompson Sampling is adopted based on the underl...
computer science
32,497
Graph-Based Approaches to Clustering Network-Constrained Trajectory Data
cs.LG
Clustering trajectory data attracted considerable attention in the last few years. Most of prior work assumed that moving objects can move freely in an euclidean space and did not consider the eventual presence of an underlying road network and its influence on evaluating the similarity between trajectories. In this pa...
computer science
32,498
Multi-Task Regularization with Covariance Dictionary for Linear Classifiers
cs.LG
In this paper we propose a multi-task linear classifier learning problem called D-SVM (Dictionary SVM). D-SVM uses a dictionary of parameter covariance shared by all tasks to do multi-task knowledge transfer among different tasks. We formally define the learning problem of D-SVM and show two interpretations of this pro...
computer science
32,499
Learning Theory and Algorithms for Revenue Optimization in Second-Price Auctions with Reserve
cs.LG
Second-price auctions with reserve play a critical role for modern search engine and popular online sites since the revenue of these companies often directly de- pends on the outcome of such auctions. The choice of the reserve price is the main mechanism through which the auction revenue can be influenced in these elec...
computer science
32,500
Relative Deviation Learning Bounds and Generalization with Unbounded Loss Functions
cs.LG
We present an extensive analysis of relative deviation bounds, including detailed proofs of two-sided inequalities and their implications. We also give detailed proofs of two-sided generalization bounds that hold in the general case of unbounded loss functions, under the assumption that a moment of the loss is bounded....
computer science
32,501
Efficient Optimization for Sparse Gaussian Process Regression
cs.LG
We propose an efficient optimization algorithm for selecting a subset of training data to induce sparsity for Gaussian process regression. The algorithm estimates an inducing set and the hyperparameters using a single objective, either the marginal likelihood or a variational free energy. The space and time complexity ...
computer science