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32,302
Logistic Regression: Tight Bounds for Stochastic and Online Optimization
cs.LG
The logistic loss function is often advocated in machine learning and statistics as a smooth and strictly convex surrogate for the 0-1 loss. In this paper we investigate the question of whether these smoothness and convexity properties make the logistic loss preferable to other widely considered options such as the hin...
computer science
32,303
A two-step learning approach for solving full and almost full cold start problems in dyadic prediction
cs.LG
Dyadic prediction methods operate on pairs of objects (dyads), aiming to infer labels for out-of-sample dyads. We consider the full and almost full cold start problem in dyadic prediction, a setting that occurs when both objects in an out-of-sample dyad have not been observed during training, or if one of them has been...
computer science
32,304
Online Learning with Composite Loss Functions
cs.LG
We study a new class of online learning problems where each of the online algorithm's actions is assigned an adversarial value, and the loss of the algorithm at each step is a known and deterministic function of the values assigned to its recent actions. This class includes problems where the algorithm's loss is the mi...
computer science
32,305
A Distributed Algorithm for Training Nonlinear Kernel Machines
cs.LG
This paper concerns the distributed training of nonlinear kernel machines on Map-Reduce. We show that a re-formulation of Nystr\"om approximation based solution which is solved using gradient based techniques is well suited for this, especially when it is necessary to work with a large number of basis points. The main ...
computer science
32,306
A distributed block coordinate descent method for training $l_1$ regularized linear classifiers
cs.LG
Distributed training of $l_1$ regularized classifiers has received great attention recently. Most existing methods approach this problem by taking steps obtained from approximating the objective by a quadratic approximation that is decoupled at the individual variable level. These methods are designed for multicore and...
computer science
32,307
Lipschitz Bandits: Regret Lower Bounds and Optimal Algorithms
cs.LG
We consider stochastic multi-armed bandit problems where the expected reward is a Lipschitz function of the arm, and where the set of arms is either discrete or continuous. For discrete Lipschitz bandits, we derive asymptotic problem specific lower bounds for the regret satisfied by any algorithm, and propose OSLB and ...
computer science
32,308
Online Linear Optimization via Smoothing
cs.LG
We present a new optimization-theoretic approach to analyzing Follow-the-Leader style algorithms, particularly in the setting where perturbations are used as a tool for regularization. We show that adding a strongly convex penalty function to the decision rule and adding stochastic perturbations to data correspond to d...
computer science
32,309
Visualizing Random Forest with Self-Organising Map
cs.LG
Random Forest (RF) is a powerful ensemble method for classification and regression tasks. It consists of decision trees set. Although, a single tree is well interpretable for human, the ensemble of trees is a black-box model. The popular technique to look inside the RF model is to visualize a RF proximity matrix obtain...
computer science
32,310
Proximal Reinforcement Learning: A New Theory of Sequential Decision Making in Primal-Dual Spaces
cs.LG
In this paper, we set forth a new vision of reinforcement learning developed by us over the past few years, one that yields mathematically rigorous solutions to longstanding important questions that have remained unresolved: (i) how to design reliable, convergent, and robust reinforcement learning algorithms (ii) how t...
computer science
32,311
BayesOpt: A Bayesian Optimization Library for Nonlinear Optimization, Experimental Design and Bandits
cs.LG
BayesOpt is a library with state-of-the-art Bayesian optimization methods to solve nonlinear optimization, stochastic bandits or sequential experimental design problems. Bayesian optimization is sample efficient by building a posterior distribution to capture the evidence and prior knowledge for the target function. Bu...
computer science
32,312
Effect of Different Distance Measures on the Performance of K-Means Algorithm: An Experimental Study in Matlab
cs.LG
K-means algorithm is a very popular clustering algorithm which is famous for its simplicity. Distance measure plays a very important rule on the performance of this algorithm. We have different distance measure techniques available. But choosing a proper technique for distance calculation is totally dependent on the ty...
computer science
32,313
Simultaneous Feature and Expert Selection within Mixture of Experts
cs.LG
A useful strategy to deal with complex classification scenarios is the "divide and conquer" approach. The mixture of experts (MOE) technique makes use of this strategy by joinly training a set of classifiers, or experts, that are specialized in different regions of the input space. A global model, or gate function, com...
computer science
32,314
Flip-Flop Sublinear Models for Graphs: Proof of Theorem 1
cs.LG
We prove that there is no class-dual for almost all sublinear models on graphs.
computer science
32,315
On the Consistency of Ordinal Regression Methods
cs.LG
Many of the ordinal regression models that have been proposed in the literature can be seen as methods that minimize a convex surrogate of the zero-one, absolute, or squared loss functions. A key property that allows to study the statistical implications of such approximations is that of Fisher consistency. Fisher cons...
computer science
32,316
On the Complexity of Bandit Linear Optimization
cs.LG
We study the attainable regret for online linear optimization problems with bandit feedback, where unlike the full-information setting, the player can only observe its own loss rather than the full loss vector. We show that the price of bandit information in this setting can be as large as $d$, disproving the well-know...
computer science
32,317
Learning a hyperplane classifier by minimizing an exact bound on the VC dimension
cs.LG
The VC dimension measures the capacity of a learning machine, and a low VC dimension leads to good generalization. While SVMs produce state-of-the-art learning performance, it is well known that the VC dimension of a SVM can be unbounded; despite good results in practice, there is no guarantee of good generalization. I...
computer science
32,318
Robust OS-ELM with a novel selective ensemble based on particle swarm optimization
cs.LG
In this paper, a robust online sequential extreme learning machine (ROS-ELM) is proposed. It is based on the original OS-ELM with an adaptive selective ensemble framework. Two novel insights are proposed in this paper. First, a novel selective ensemble algorithm referred to as particle swarm optimization selective ense...
computer science
32,319
Linear Contour Learning: A Method for Supervised Dimension Reduction
cs.LG
We propose a novel approach to sufficient dimension reduction in regression, based on estimating contour directions of negligible variation for the response surface. These directions span the orthogonal complement of the minimal space relevant for the regression, and can be extracted according to a measure of the varia...
computer science
32,320
Multi-Sensor Event Detection using Shape Histograms
cs.LG
Vehicular sensor data consists of multiple time-series arising from a number of sensors. Using such multi-sensor data we would like to detect occurrences of specific events that vehicles encounter, e.g., corresponding to particular maneuvers that a vehicle makes or conditions that it encounters. Events are characterize...
computer science
32,321
AFP Algorithm and a Canonical Normal Form for Horn Formulas
cs.LG
AFP Algorithm is a learning algorithm for Horn formulas. We show that it does not improve the complexity of AFP Algorithm, if after each negative counterexample more that just one refinements are performed. Moreover, a canonical normal form for Horn formulas is presented, and it is proved that the output formula of AFP...
computer science
32,322
Conic Multi-Task Classification
cs.LG
Traditionally, Multi-task Learning (MTL) models optimize the average of task-related objective functions, which is an intuitive approach and which we will be referring to as Average MTL. However, a more general framework, referred to as Conic MTL, can be formulated by considering conic combinations of the objective fun...
computer science
32,323
Improved Distributed Principal Component Analysis
cs.LG
We study the distributed computing setting in which there are multiple servers, each holding a set of points, who wish to compute functions on the union of their point sets. A key task in this setting is Principal Component Analysis (PCA), in which the servers would like to compute a low dimensional subspace capturing ...
computer science
32,324
Label Distribution Learning
cs.LG
Although multi-label learning can deal with many problems with label ambiguity, it does not fit some real applications well where the overall distribution of the importance of the labels matters. This paper proposes a novel learning paradigm named \emph{label distribution learning} (LDL) for such kind of applications. ...
computer science
32,325
Large Scale Purchase Prediction with Historical User Actions on B2C Online Retail Platform
cs.LG
This paper describes the solution of Bazinga Team for Tmall Recommendation Prize 2014. With real-world user action data provided by Tmall, one of the largest B2C online retail platforms in China, this competition requires to predict future user purchases on Tmall website. Predictions are judged on F1Score, which consid...
computer science
32,326
Task-group Relatedness and Generalization Bounds for Regularized Multi-task Learning
cs.LG
In this paper, we study the generalization performance of regularized multi-task learning (RMTL) in a vector-valued framework, where MTL is considered as a learning process for vector-valued functions. We are mainly concerned with two theoretical questions: 1) under what conditions does RMTL perform better with a small...
computer science
32,327
A Multi-Plane Block-Coordinate Frank-Wolfe Algorithm for Training Structural SVMs with a Costly max-Oracle
cs.LG
Structural support vector machines (SSVMs) are amongst the best performing models for structured computer vision tasks, such as semantic image segmentation or human pose estimation. Training SSVMs, however, is computationally costly, because it requires repeated calls to a structured prediction subroutine (called \emph...
computer science
32,328
A Batchwise Monotone Algorithm for Dictionary Learning
cs.LG
We propose a batchwise monotone algorithm for dictionary learning. Unlike the state-of-the-art dictionary learning algorithms which impose sparsity constraints on a sample-by-sample basis, we instead treat the samples as a batch, and impose the sparsity constraint on the whole. The benefit of batchwise optimization is ...
computer science
32,329
Lock in Feedback in Sequential Experiments
cs.LG
We often encounter situations in which an experimenter wants to find, by sequential experimentation, $x_{max} = \arg\max_{x} f(x)$, where $f(x)$ is a (possibly unknown) function of a well controllable variable $x$. Taking inspiration from physics and engineering, we have designed a new method to address this problem. I...
computer science
32,330
Learning Parametric-Output HMMs with Two Aliased States
cs.LG
In various applications involving hidden Markov models (HMMs), some of the hidden states are aliased, having identical output distributions. The minimality, identifiability and learnability of such aliased HMMs have been long standing problems, with only partial solutions provided thus far. In this paper we focus on pa...
computer science
32,331
SDNA: Stochastic Dual Newton Ascent for Empirical Risk Minimization
cs.LG
We propose a new algorithm for minimizing regularized empirical loss: Stochastic Dual Newton Ascent (SDNA). Our method is dual in nature: in each iteration we update a random subset of the dual variables. However, unlike existing methods such as stochastic dual coordinate ascent, SDNA is capable of utilizing all curvat...
computer science
32,332
Rademacher Observations, Private Data, and Boosting
cs.LG
The minimization of the logistic loss is a popular approach to batch supervised learning. Our paper starts from the surprising observation that, when fitting linear (or kernelized) classifiers, the minimization of the logistic loss is \textit{equivalent} to the minimization of an exponential \textit{rado}-loss computed...
computer science
32,333
An Infinite Restricted Boltzmann Machine
cs.LG
We present a mathematical construction for the restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) that doesn't require specifying the number of hidden units. In fact, the hidden layer size is adaptive and can grow during training. This is obtained by first extending the RBM to be sensitive to the ordering of its hidden units. Then, th...
computer science
32,334
Adaptive Random SubSpace Learning (RSSL) Algorithm for Prediction
cs.LG
We present a novel adaptive random subspace learning algorithm (RSSL) for prediction purpose. This new framework is flexible where it can be adapted with any learning technique. In this paper, we tested the algorithm for regression and classification problems. In addition, we provide a variety of weighting schemes to i...
computer science
32,335
Optimal and Adaptive Algorithms for Online Boosting
cs.LG
We study online boosting, the task of converting any weak online learner into a strong online learner. Based on a novel and natural definition of weak online learnability, we develop two online boosting algorithms. The first algorithm is an online version of boost-by-majority. By proving a matching lower bound, we show...
computer science
32,336
Learning Reductions that Really Work
cs.LG
We provide a summary of the mathematical and computational techniques that have enabled learning reductions to effectively address a wide class of problems, and show that this approach to solving machine learning problems can be broadly useful.
computer science
32,337
Scalable Multilabel Prediction via Randomized Methods
cs.LG
Modeling the dependence between outputs is a fundamental challenge in multilabel classification. In this work we show that a generic regularized nonlinearity mapping independent predictions to joint predictions is sufficient to achieve state-of-the-art performance on a variety of benchmark problems. Crucially, we compu...
computer science
32,338
Learning Transferable Features with Deep Adaptation Networks
cs.LG
Recent studies reveal that a deep neural network can learn transferable features which generalize well to novel tasks for domain adaptation. However, as deep features eventually transition from general to specific along the network, the feature transferability drops significantly in higher layers with increasing domain...
computer science
32,339
Batch Normalization: Accelerating Deep Network Training by Reducing Internal Covariate Shift
cs.LG
Training Deep Neural Networks is complicated by the fact that the distribution of each layer's inputs changes during training, as the parameters of the previous layers change. This slows down the training by requiring lower learning rates and careful parameter initialization, and makes it notoriously hard to train mode...
computer science
32,340
Supervised LogEuclidean Metric Learning for Symmetric Positive Definite Matrices
cs.LG
Metric learning has been shown to be highly effective to improve the performance of nearest neighbor classification. In this paper, we address the problem of metric learning for Symmetric Positive Definite (SPD) matrices such as covariance matrices, which arise in many real-world applications. Naively using standard Ma...
computer science
32,341
Adding vs. Averaging in Distributed Primal-Dual Optimization
cs.LG
Distributed optimization methods for large-scale machine learning suffer from a communication bottleneck. It is difficult to reduce this bottleneck while still efficiently and accurately aggregating partial work from different machines. In this paper, we present a novel generalization of the recent communication-effici...
computer science
32,342
Scalable Stochastic Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers
cs.LG
Stochastic alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), which visits only one sample or a mini-batch of samples each time, has recently been proved to achieve better performance than batch ADMM. However, most stochastic methods can only achieve a convergence rate $O(1/\sqrt T)$ on general convex problems,where T...
computer science
32,343
A Predictive System for detection of Bankruptcy using Machine Learning techniques
cs.LG
Bankruptcy is a legal procedure that claims a person or organization as a debtor. It is essential to ascertain the risk of bankruptcy at initial stages to prevent financial losses. In this perspective, different soft computing techniques can be employed to ascertain bankruptcy. This study proposes a bankruptcy predicti...
computer science
32,344
Non-Adaptive Learning a Hidden Hipergraph
cs.LG
We give a new deterministic algorithm that non-adaptively learns a hidden hypergraph from edge-detecting queries. All previous non-adaptive algorithms either run in exponential time or have non-optimal query complexity. We give the first polynomial time non-adaptive learning algorithm for learning hypergraph that asks ...
computer science
32,345
Towards Biologically Plausible Deep Learning
cs.LG
Neuroscientists have long criticised deep learning algorithms as incompatible with current knowledge of neurobiology. We explore more biologically plausible versions of deep representation learning, focusing here mostly on unsupervised learning but developing a learning mechanism that could account for supervised, unsu...
computer science
32,346
Application of Deep Neural Network in Estimation of the Weld Bead Parameters
cs.LG
We present a deep learning approach to estimation of the bead parameters in welding tasks. Our model is based on a four-hidden-layer neural network architecture. More specifically, the first three hidden layers of this architecture utilize Sigmoid function to produce their respective intermediate outputs. On the other ...
computer science
32,347
The Ladder: A Reliable Leaderboard for Machine Learning Competitions
cs.LG
The organizer of a machine learning competition faces the problem of maintaining an accurate leaderboard that faithfully represents the quality of the best submission of each competing team. What makes this estimation problem particularly challenging is its sequential and adaptive nature. As participants are allowed to...
computer science
32,348
Deep Transform: Error Correction via Probabilistic Re-Synthesis
cs.LG
Errors in data are usually unwelcome and so some means to correct them is useful. However, it is difficult to define, detect or correct errors in an unsupervised way. Here, we train a deep neural network to re-synthesize its inputs at its output layer for a given class of data. We then exploit the fact that this abstra...
computer science
32,349
Generalized Gradient Learning on Time Series under Elastic Transformations
cs.LG
The majority of machine learning algorithms assumes that objects are represented as vectors. But often the objects we want to learn on are more naturally represented by other data structures such as sequences and time series. For these representations many standard learning algorithms are unavailable. We generalize gra...
computer science
32,350
Real time clustering of time series using triangular potentials
cs.LG
Motivated by the problem of computing investment portfolio weightings we investigate various methods of clustering as alternatives to traditional mean-variance approaches. Such methods can have significant benefits from a practical point of view since they remove the need to invert a sample covariance matrix, which can...
computer science
32,351
CSAL: Self-adaptive Labeling based Clustering Integrating Supervised Learning on Unlabeled Data
cs.LG
Supervised classification approaches can predict labels for unknown data because of the supervised training process. The success of classification is heavily dependent on the labeled training data. Differently, clustering is effective in revealing the aggregation property of unlabeled data, but the performance of most ...
computer science
32,352
Supervised cross-modal factor analysis for multiple modal data classification
cs.LG
In this paper we study the problem of learning from multiple modal data for purpose of document classification. In this problem, each document is composed two different modals of data, i.e., an image and a text. Cross-modal factor analysis (CFA) has been proposed to project the two different modals of data to a shared ...
computer science
32,353
Trust Region Policy Optimization
cs.LG
We describe an iterative procedure for optimizing policies, with guaranteed monotonic improvement. By making several approximations to the theoretically-justified procedure, we develop a practical algorithm, called Trust Region Policy Optimization (TRPO). This algorithm is similar to natural policy gradient methods and...
computer science
32,354
Achieving All with No Parameters: Adaptive NormalHedge
cs.LG
We study the classic online learning problem of predicting with expert advice, and propose a truly parameter-free and adaptive algorithm that achieves several objectives simultaneously without using any prior information. The main component of this work is an improved version of the NormalHedge.DT algorithm (Luo and Sc...
computer science
32,355
SDCA without Duality
cs.LG
Stochastic Dual Coordinate Ascent is a popular method for solving regularized loss minimization for the case of convex losses. In this paper we show how a variant of SDCA can be applied for non-convex losses. We prove linear convergence rate even if individual loss functions are non-convex as long as the expected loss ...
computer science
32,356
Teaching and compressing for low VC-dimension
cs.LG
In this work we study the quantitative relation between VC-dimension and two other basic parameters related to learning and teaching. Namely, the quality of sample compression schemes and of teaching sets for classes of low VC-dimension. Let $C$ be a binary concept class of size $m$ and VC-dimension $d$. Prior to this ...
computer science
32,357
Contextual Dueling Bandits
cs.LG
We consider the problem of learning to choose actions using contextual information when provided with limited feedback in the form of relative pairwise comparisons. We study this problem in the dueling-bandits framework of Yue et al. (2009), which we extend to incorporate context. Roughly, the learner's goal is to find...
computer science
32,358
Reified Context Models
cs.LG
A classic tension exists between exact inference in a simple model and approximate inference in a complex model. The latter offers expressivity and thus accuracy, but the former provides coverage of the space, an important property for confidence estimation and learning with indirect supervision. In this work, we intro...
computer science
32,359
Learning Fast-Mixing Models for Structured Prediction
cs.LG
Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms are often used for approximate inference inside learning, but their slow mixing can be difficult to diagnose and the approximations can seriously degrade learning. To alleviate these issues, we define a new model family using strong Doeblin Markov chains, whose mixing times ca...
computer science
32,360
Strongly Adaptive Online Learning
cs.LG
Strongly adaptive algorithms are algorithms whose performance on every time interval is close to optimal. We present a reduction that can transform standard low-regret algorithms to strongly adaptive. As a consequence, we derive simple, yet efficient, strongly adaptive algorithms for a handful of problems.
computer science
32,361
The VC-Dimension of Similarity Hypotheses Spaces
cs.LG
Given a set $X$ and a function $h:X\longrightarrow\{0,1\}$ which labels each element of $X$ with either $0$ or $1$, we may define a function $h^{(s)}$ to measure the similarity of pairs of points in $X$ according to $h$. Specifically, for $h\in \{0,1\}^X$ we define $h^{(s)}\in \{0,1\}^{X\times X}$ by $h^{(s)}(w,x):= \m...
computer science
32,362
Online Learning with Feedback Graphs: Beyond Bandits
cs.LG
We study a general class of online learning problems where the feedback is specified by a graph. This class includes online prediction with expert advice and the multi-armed bandit problem, but also several learning problems where the online player does not necessarily observe his own loss. We analyze how the structure...
computer science
32,363
Learning Mixtures of Gaussians in High Dimensions
cs.LG
Efficiently learning mixture of Gaussians is a fundamental problem in statistics and learning theory. Given samples coming from a random one out of k Gaussian distributions in Rn, the learning problem asks to estimate the means and the covariance matrices of these Gaussians. This learning problem arises in many areas r...
computer science
32,364
Utility-Theoretic Ranking for Semi-Automated Text Classification
cs.LG
\emph{Semi-Automated Text Classification} (SATC) may be defined as the task of ranking a set $\mathcal{D}$ of automatically labelled textual documents in such a way that, if a human annotator validates (i.e., inspects and corrects where appropriate) the documents in a top-ranked portion of $\mathcal{D}$ with the goal o...
computer science
32,365
An $\mathcal{O}(n\log n)$ projection operator for weighted $\ell_1$-norm regularization with sum constraint
cs.LG
We provide a simple and efficient algorithm for the projection operator for weighted $\ell_1$-norm regularization subject to a sum constraint, together with an elementary proof. The implementation of the proposed algorithm can be downloaded from the author's homepage.
computer science
32,366
Projection onto the capped simplex
cs.LG
We provide a simple and efficient algorithm for computing the Euclidean projection of a point onto the capped simplex---a simplex with an additional uniform bound on each coordinate---together with an elementary proof. Both the MATLAB and C++ implementations of the proposed algorithm can be downloaded at https://eng.uc...
computer science
32,367
Joint Active Learning and Feature Selection via CUR Matrix Decomposition
cs.LG
This paper focuses on the problem of simultaneous sample and feature selection for machine learning in a fully unsupervised setting. Though most existing works tackle these two problems separately that derives two well-studied sub-areas namely active learning and feature selection, a unified approach is inspirational s...
computer science
32,368
Probabilistic Label Relation Graphs with Ising Models
cs.LG
We consider classification problems in which the label space has structure. A common example is hierarchical label spaces, corresponding to the case where one label subsumes another (e.g., animal subsumes dog). But labels can also be mutually exclusive (e.g., dog vs cat) or unrelated (e.g., furry, carnivore). To jointl...
computer science
32,369
Ranking and significance of variable-length similarity-based time series motifs
cs.LG
The detection of very similar patterns in a time series, commonly called motifs, has received continuous and increasing attention from diverse scientific communities. In particular, recent approaches for discovering similar motifs of different lengths have been proposed. In this work, we show that such variable-length ...
computer science
32,370
Model selection of polynomial kernel regression
cs.LG
Polynomial kernel regression is one of the standard and state-of-the-art learning strategies. However, as is well known, the choices of the degree of polynomial kernel and the regularization parameter are still open in the realm of model selection. The first aim of this paper is to develop a strategy to select these pa...
computer science
32,371
Label optimal regret bounds for online local learning
cs.LG
We resolve an open question from (Christiano, 2014b) posed in COLT'14 regarding the optimal dependency of the regret achievable for online local learning on the size of the label set. In this framework the algorithm is shown a pair of items at each step, chosen from a set of $n$ items. The learner then predicts a label...
computer science
32,372
Deep Learning and the Information Bottleneck Principle
cs.LG
Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are analyzed via the theoretical framework of the information bottleneck (IB) principle. We first show that any DNN can be quantified by the mutual information between the layers and the input and output variables. Using this representation we can calculate the optimal information theoretic ...
computer science
32,373
apsis - Framework for Automated Optimization of Machine Learning Hyper Parameters
cs.LG
The apsis toolkit presented in this paper provides a flexible framework for hyperparameter optimization and includes both random search and a bayesian optimizer. It is implemented in Python and its architecture features adaptability to any desired machine learning code. It can easily be used with common Python ML frame...
computer science
32,374
Scalable Discovery of Time-Series Shapelets
cs.LG
Time-series classification is an important problem for the data mining community due to the wide range of application domains involving time-series data. A recent paradigm, called shapelets, represents patterns that are highly predictive for the target variable. Shapelets are discovered by measuring the prediction accu...
computer science
32,375
Estimating the Mean Number of K-Means Clusters to Form
cs.LG
Utilizing the sample size of a dataset, the random cluster model is employed in order to derive an estimate of the mean number of K-Means clusters to form during classification of a dataset.
computer science
32,376
LINE: Large-scale Information Network Embedding
cs.LG
This paper studies the problem of embedding very large information networks into low-dimensional vector spaces, which is useful in many tasks such as visualization, node classification, and link prediction. Most existing graph embedding methods do not scale for real world information networks which usually contain mill...
computer science
32,377
An Emphatic Approach to the Problem of Off-policy Temporal-Difference Learning
cs.LG
In this paper we introduce the idea of improving the performance of parametric temporal-difference (TD) learning algorithms by selectively emphasizing or de-emphasizing their updates on different time steps. In particular, we show that varying the emphasis of linear TD($\lambda$)'s updates in a particular way causes it...
computer science
32,378
On Extreme Pruning of Random Forest Ensembles for Real-time Predictive Applications
cs.LG
Random Forest (RF) is an ensemble supervised machine learning technique that was developed by Breiman over a decade ago. Compared with other ensemble techniques, it has proved its accuracy and superiority. Many researchers, however, believe that there is still room for enhancing and improving its performance accuracy. ...
computer science
32,379
Ultra-Fast Shapelets for Time Series Classification
cs.LG
Time series shapelets are discriminative subsequences and their similarity to a time series can be used for time series classification. Since the discovery of time series shapelets is costly in terms of time, the applicability on long or multivariate time series is difficult. In this work we propose Ultra-Fast Shapelet...
computer science
32,380
An Outlier Detection-based Tree Selection Approach to Extreme Pruning of Random Forests
cs.LG
Random Forest (RF) is an ensemble classification technique that was developed by Breiman over a decade ago. Compared with other ensemble techniques, it has proved its accuracy and superiority. Many researchers, however, believe that there is still room for enhancing and improving its performance in terms of predictive ...
computer science
32,381
GSNs : Generative Stochastic Networks
cs.LG
We introduce a novel training principle for probabilistic models that is an alternative to maximum likelihood. The proposed Generative Stochastic Networks (GSN) framework is based on learning the transition operator of a Markov chain whose stationary distribution estimates the data distribution. Because the transition ...
computer science
32,382
On Invariance and Selectivity in Representation Learning
cs.LG
We discuss data representation which can be learned automatically from data, are invariant to transformations, and at the same time selective, in the sense that two points have the same representation only if they are one the transformation of the other. The mathematical results here sharpen some of the key claims of i...
computer science
32,383
Networked Stochastic Multi-Armed Bandits with Combinatorial Strategies
cs.LG
In this paper, we investigate a largely extended version of classical MAB problem, called networked combinatorial bandit problems. In particular, we consider the setting of a decision maker over a networked bandits as follows: each time a combinatorial strategy, e.g., a group of arms, is chosen, and the decision maker ...
computer science
32,384
Optimum Reject Options for Prototype-based Classification
cs.LG
We analyse optimum reject strategies for prototype-based classifiers and real-valued rejection measures, using the distance of a data point to the closest prototype or probabilistic counterparts. We compare reject schemes with global thresholds, and local thresholds for the Voronoi cells of the classifier. For the latt...
computer science
32,385
Proficiency Comparison of LADTree and REPTree Classifiers for Credit Risk Forecast
cs.LG
Predicting the Credit Defaulter is a perilous task of Financial Industries like Banks. Ascertaining non-payer before giving loan is a significant and conflict-ridden task of the Banker. Classification techniques are the better choice for predictive analysis like finding the claimant, whether he/she is an unpretentious ...
computer science
32,386
Fusing Continuous-valued Medical Labels using a Bayesian Model
cs.LG
With the rapid increase in volume of time series medical data available through wearable devices, there is a need to employ automated algorithms to label data. Examples of labels include interventions, changes in activity (e.g. sleep) and changes in physiology (e.g. arrhythmias). However, automated algorithms tend to b...
computer science
32,387
A Probabilistic Interpretation of Sampling Theory of Graph Signals
cs.LG
We give a probabilistic interpretation of sampling theory of graph signals. To do this, we first define a generative model for the data using a pairwise Gaussian random field (GRF) which depends on the graph. We show that, under certain conditions, reconstructing a graph signal from a subset of its samples by least squ...
computer science
32,388
Online classifier adaptation for cost-sensitive learning
cs.LG
In this paper, we propose the problem of online cost-sensitive clas- sifier adaptation and the first algorithm to solve it. We assume we have a base classifier for a cost-sensitive classification problem, but it is trained with respect to a cost setting different to the desired one. Moreover, we also have some training...
computer science
32,389
Communication Efficient Distributed Kernel Principal Component Analysis
cs.LG
Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) is a key machine learning algorithm for extracting nonlinear features from data. In the presence of a large volume of high dimensional data collected in a distributed fashion, it becomes very costly to communicate all of this data to a single data center and then perform kerne...
computer science
32,390
Comparing published multi-label classifier performance measures to the ones obtained by a simple multi-label baseline classifier
cs.LG
In supervised learning, simple baseline classifiers can be constructed by only looking at the class, i.e., ignoring any other information from the dataset. The single-label learning community frequently uses as a reference the one which always predicts the majority class. Although a classifier might perform worse than ...
computer science
32,391
Sample compression schemes for VC classes
cs.LG
Sample compression schemes were defined by Littlestone and Warmuth (1986) as an abstraction of the structure underlying many learning algorithms. Roughly speaking, a sample compression scheme of size $k$ means that given an arbitrary list of labeled examples, one can retain only $k$ of them in a way that allows to reco...
computer science
32,392
A Survey of Classification Techniques in the Area of Big Data
cs.LG
Big Data concern large-volume, growing data sets that are complex and have multiple autonomous sources. Earlier technologies were not able to handle storage and processing of huge data thus Big Data concept comes into existence. This is a tedious job for users unstructured data. So, there should be some mechanism which...
computer science
32,393
Multi-Labeled Classification of Demographic Attributes of Patients: a case study of diabetics patients
cs.LG
Automated learning of patients demographics can be seen as multi-label problem where a patient model is based on different race and gender groups. The resulting model can be further integrated into Privacy-Preserving Data Mining, where it can be used to assess risk of identification of different patient groups. Our pro...
computer science
32,394
A Variance Reduced Stochastic Newton Method
cs.LG
Quasi-Newton methods are widely used in practise for convex loss minimization problems. These methods exhibit good empirical performance on a wide variety of tasks and enjoy super-linear convergence to the optimal solution. For large-scale learning problems, stochastic Quasi-Newton methods have been recently proposed. ...
computer science
32,395
Global Bandits
cs.LG
Multi-armed bandits (MAB) model sequential decision making problems, in which a learner sequentially chooses arms with unknown reward distributions in order to maximize its cumulative reward. Most of the prior work on MAB assumes that the reward distributions of each arm are independent. But in a wide variety of decisi...
computer science
32,396
Towards More Efficient SPSD Matrix Approximation and CUR Matrix Decomposition
cs.LG
Symmetric positive semi-definite (SPSD) matrix approximation methods have been extensively used to speed up large-scale eigenvalue computation and kernel learning methods. The standard sketch based method, which we call the prototype model, produces relatively accurate approximations, but is inefficient on large square...
computer science
32,397
Fast Label Embeddings for Extremely Large Output Spaces
cs.LG
Many modern multiclass and multilabel problems are characterized by increasingly large output spaces. For these problems, label embeddings have been shown to be a useful primitive that can improve computational and statistical efficiency. In this work we utilize a correspondence between rank constrained estimation and ...
computer science
32,398
Generalized Categorization Axioms
cs.LG
Categorization axioms have been proposed to axiomatizing clustering results, which offers a hint of bridging the difference between human recognition system and machine learning through an intuitive observation: an object should be assigned to its most similar category. However, categorization axioms cannot be generali...
computer science
32,399
Efficient Orthogonal Parametrisation of Recurrent Neural Networks Using Householder Reflections
cs.LG
The problem of learning long-term dependencies in sequences using Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) is still a major challenge. Recent methods have been suggested to solve this problem by constraining the transition matrix to be unitary during training which ensures that its norm is equal to one and prevents exploding g...
computer science
32,400
Higher Order Mutual Information Approximation for Feature Selection
cs.LG
Feature selection is a process of choosing a subset of relevant features so that the quality of prediction models can be improved. An extensive body of work exists on information-theoretic feature selection, based on maximizing Mutual Information (MI) between subsets of features and class labels. The prior methods use ...
computer science
32,401
Predictive Clinical Decision Support System with RNN Encoding and Tensor Decoding
cs.LG
With the introduction of the Electric Health Records, large amounts of digital data become available for analysis and decision support. When physicians are prescribing treatments to a patient, they need to consider a large range of data variety and volume, making decisions increasingly complex. Machine learning based C...
computer science