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34,004 | Applying Part-of-Seech Enhanced LSA to Automatic Essay Grading | cs.IR | Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) is a widely used Information Retrieval method
based on "bag-of-words" assumption. However, according to general conception,
syntax plays a role in representing meaning of sentences. Thus, enhancing LSA
with part-of-speech (POS) information to capture the context of word
occurrences appear... | computer science |
34,005 | Size dependent word frequencies and translational invariance of books | cs.CL | It is shown that a real novel shares many characteristic features with a null
model in which the words are randomly distributed throughout the text. Such a
common feature is a certain translational invariance of the text. Another is
that the functional form of the word-frequency distribution of a novel depends
on the l... | computer science |
34,006 | Syntax is from Mars while Semantics from Venus! Insights from Spectral
Analysis of Distributional Similarity Networks | cs.CL | We study the global topology of the syntactic and semantic distributional
similarity networks for English through the technique of spectral analysis. We
observe that while the syntactic network has a hierarchical structure with
strong communities and their mixtures, the semantic network has several tightly
knit communi... | computer science |
34,007 | Properties of quasi-alphabetic tree bimorphisms | cs.CL | We study the class of quasi-alphabetic relations, i.e., tree transformations
defined by tree bimorphisms with two quasi-alphabetic tree homomorphisms and a
regular tree language. We present a canonical representation of these
relations; as an immediate consequence, we get the closure under union. Also,
we show that the... | computer science |
34,008 | Employing Wikipedia's Natural Intelligence For Cross Language
Information Retrieval | cs.IR | In this paper we present a novel method for retrieving information in
languages other than that of the query. We use this technique in combination
with existing traditional Cross Language Information Retrieval (CLIR)
techniques to improve their results. This method has a number of advantages
over traditional techniques... | computer science |
34,009 | Ezhil: A Tamil Programming Language | cs.PL | Ezhil is a Tamil language based interpreted procedural programming language.
Tamil keywords and grammar are chosen to make the native Tamil speaker write
programs in the Ezhil system. Ezhil allows easy representation of computer
program closer to the Tamil language logical constructs equivalent to the
conditional, bran... | computer science |
34,010 | Syllable Analysis to Build a Dictation System in Telugu language | cs.CL | In recent decades, Speech interactive systems gained increasing importance.
To develop Dictation System like Dragon for Indian languages it is most
important to adapt the system to a speaker with minimum training. In this paper
we focus on the importance of creating speech database at syllable units and
identifying min... | computer science |
34,011 | Implicit media frames: Automated analysis of public debate on artificial
sweeteners | cs.IR | The framing of issues in the mass media plays a crucial role in the public
understanding of science and technology. This article contributes to research
concerned with diachronic analysis of media frames by making an analytical
distinction between implicit and explicit media frames, and by introducing an
automated meth... | computer science |
34,012 | Phylogeny and geometry of languages from normalized Levenshtein distance | cs.CL | The idea that the distance among pairs of languages can be evaluated from
lexical differences seems to have its roots in the work of the French explorer
Dumont D'Urville. He collected comparative words lists of various languages
during his voyages aboard the Astrolabe from 1826 to 1829 and, in his work
about the geogra... | computer science |
34,013 | Selected Operations, Algorithms, and Applications of n-Tape Weighted
Finite-State Machines | cs.FL | A weighted finite-state machine with n tapes (n-WFSM) defines a rational
relation on n strings. It is a generalization of weighted acceptors (one tape)
and transducers (two tapes).
After recalling some basic definitions about n-ary weighted rational
relations and n-WFSMs, we summarize some central operations on these... | computer science |
34,014 | Detecting multiword phrases in mathematical text corpora | cs.CL | We present an approach for detecting multiword phrases in mathematical text
corpora. The method used is based on characteristic features of mathematical
terminology. It makes use of a software tool named Lingo which allows to
identify words by means of previously defined dictionaries for specific word
classes as adject... | computer science |
34,015 | The origin of Mayan languages from Formosan language group of
Austronesian | cs.CL | Basic body-part names (BBPNs) were defined as body-part names in Swadesh
basic 200 words. Non-Mayan cognates of Mayan (MY) BBPNs were extensively
searched for, by comparing with non-MY vocabulary, including ca.1300 basic
words of 82 AN languages listed by Tryon (1985), etc. Thus found cognates (CGs)
in non-MY are liste... | computer science |
34,016 | Alberti's letter counts | math.HO | Four centuries before modern statistical linguistics was born, Leon Battista
Alberti (1404--1472) compared the frequency of vowels in Latin poems and
orations, making the first quantified observation of a stylistic difference
ever. Using a corpus of 20 Latin texts (over 5 million letters), Alberti's
observations are st... | computer science |
34,017 | The Model of Semantic Concepts Lattice For Data Mining Of Microblogs | cs.CL | The model of semantic concept lattice for data mining of microblogs has been
proposed in this work. It is shown that the use of this model is effective for
the semantic relations analysis and for the detection of associative rules of
key words. | computer science |
34,018 | Optimal size, freshness and time-frame for voice search vocabulary | cs.CL | In this paper, we investigate how to optimize the vocabulary for a voice
search language model. The metric we optimize over is the out-of-vocabulary
(OoV) rate since it is a strong indicator of user experience. In a departure
from the usual way of measuring OoV rates, web search logs allow us to compute
the per-session... | computer science |
34,019 | Linguistic Analysis of Requirements of a Space Project and their
Conformity with the Recommendations Proposed by a Controlled Natural Language | cs.SE | The long term aim of the project carried out by the French National Space
Agency (CNES) is to design a writing guide based on the real and regular
writing of requirements. As a first step in the project, this paper proposes a
lin-guistic analysis of requirements written in French by CNES engineers. The
aim is to determ... | computer science |
34,020 | Automatic Extraction of Protein Interaction in Literature | cs.CL | Protein-protein interaction extraction is the key precondition of the
construction of protein knowledge network, and it is very important for the
research in the biomedicine. This paper extracted directional protein-protein
interaction from the biological text, using the SVM-based method. Experiments
were evaluated on ... | computer science |
34,021 | Two-dimensional Sentiment Analysis of text | cs.IR | Sentiment Analysis aims to get the underlying viewpoint of the text, which
could be anything that holds a subjective opinion, such as an online review,
Movie rating, Comments on Blog posts etc. This paper presents a novel approach
that classify text in two-dimensional Emotional space, based on the sentiments
of the aut... | computer science |
34,022 | RuleCNL: A Controlled Natural Language for Business Rule Specifications | cs.SE | Business rules represent the primary means by which companies define their
business, perform their actions in order to reach their objectives. Thus, they
need to be expressed unambiguously to avoid inconsistencies between business
stakeholders and formally in order to be machine-processed. A promising
solution is the u... | computer science |
34,023 | Explaining Violation Traces with Finite State Natural Language
Generation Models | cs.SE | An essential element of any verification technique is that of identifying and
communicating to the user, system behaviour which leads to a deviation from the
expected behaviour. Such behaviours are typically made available as long traces
of system actions which would benefit from a natural language explanation of
the t... | computer science |
34,024 | Mining of product reviews at aspect level | cs.CL | Todays world is a world of Internet, almost all work can be done with the
help of it, from simple mobile phone recharge to biggest business deals can be
done with the help of this technology. People spent their most of the times on
surfing on the Web it becomes a new source of entertainment, education,
communication, s... | computer science |
34,025 | The Frobenius anatomy of word meanings II: possessive relative pronouns | cs.CL | Within the categorical compositional distributional model of meaning, we
provide semantic interpretations for the subject and object roles of the
possessive relative pronoun `whose'. This is done in terms of Frobenius
algebras over compact closed categories. These algebras and their diagrammatic
language expose how mea... | computer science |
34,026 | What is India speaking: The "Hinglish" invasion | cs.CL | While language competition models of diachronic language shift are
increasingly sophisticated, drawing on sociolinguistic components like variable
language prestige, distance from language centers and intermediate bilingual
transitionary populations, in one significant way they fall short. They fail to
consider contact... | computer science |
34,027 | Zipf's law holds for phrases, not words | cs.CL | With Zipf's law being originally and most famously observed for word
frequency, it is surprisingly limited in its applicability to human language,
holding over no more than three to four orders of magnitude before hitting a
clear break in scaling. Here, building on the simple observation that phrases
of one or more wor... | computer science |
34,028 | A CNL for Contract-Oriented Diagrams | cs.CL | We present a first step towards a framework for defining and manipulating
normative documents or contracts described as Contract-Oriented (C-O) Diagrams.
These diagrams provide a visual representation for such texts, giving the
possibility to express a signatory's obligations, permissions and prohibitions,
with or with... | computer science |
34,029 | Characterizing Ranked Chinese Syllable-to-Character Mapping Spectrum: A
Bridge Between the Spoken and Written Chinese Language | cs.CL | One important aspect of the relationship between spoken and written Chinese
is the ranked syllable-to-character mapping spectrum, which is the ranked list
of syllables by the number of characters that map to the syllable. Previously,
this spectrum is analyzed for more than 400 syllables without distinguishing
the four ... | computer science |
34,030 | Expressivity of Time-Varying Graphs and the Power of Waiting in Dynamic
Networks | cs.DC | In infrastructure-less highly dynamic networks, computing and performing even
basic tasks (such as routing and broadcasting) is a very challenging activity
due to the fact that connectivity does not necessarily hold, and the network
may actually be disconnected at every time instant. Clearly the task of
designing proto... | computer science |
34,031 | Effective Listings of Function Stop words for Twitter | cs.IR | Many words in documents recur very frequently but are essentially meaningless
as they are used to join words together in a sentence. It is commonly
understood that stop words do not contribute to the context or content of
textual documents. Due to their high frequency of occurrence, their presence in
text mining presen... | computer science |
34,032 | The Complexity of Learning Principles and Parameters Grammars | cs.FL | We investigate models for learning the class of context-free and
context-sensitive languages (CFLs and CSLs). We begin with a brief discussion
of some early hardness results which show that unrestricted language learning
is impossible, and unrestricted CFL learning is computationally infeasible; we
then briefly survey ... | computer science |
34,033 | Finding Structure in Text, Genome and Other Symbolic Sequences | cs.CL | The statistical methods derived and described in this thesis provide new ways
to elucidate the structural properties of text and other symbolic sequences.
Generically, these methods allow detection of a difference in the frequency of
a single feature, the detection of a difference between the frequencies of an
ensemble... | computer science |
34,034 | Distinct word length frequencies: distributions and symbol entropies | cs.CL | The distribution of frequency counts of distinct words by length in a
language's vocabulary will be analyzed using two methods. The first, will look
at the empirical distributions of several languages and derive a distribution
that reasonably explains the number of distinct words as a function of length.
We will be abl... | computer science |
34,035 | Frame Interpretation and Validation in a Open Domain Dialogue System | cs.CL | Our goal in this paper is to establish a means for a dialogue platform to be
able to cope with open domains considering the possible interaction between the
embodied agent and humans. To this end we present an algorithm capable of
processing natural language utterances and validate them against knowledge
structures of ... | computer science |
34,036 | FST Based Morphological Analyzer for Hindi Language | cs.CL | Hindi being a highly inflectional language, FST (Finite State Transducer)
based approach is most efficient for developing a morphological analyzer for
this language. The work presented in this paper uses the SFST (Stuttgart Finite
State Transducer) tool for generating the FST. A lexicon of root words is
created. Rules ... | computer science |
34,037 | Structure-semantics interplay in complex networks and its effects on the
predictability of similarity in texts | cs.CL | There are different ways to define similarity for grouping similar texts into
clusters, as the concept of similarity may depend on the purpose of the task.
For instance, in topic extraction similar texts mean those within the same
semantic field, whereas in author recognition stylistic features should be
considered. In... | computer science |
34,038 | Detecting and resolving spatial ambiguity in text using named entity
extraction and self learning fuzzy logic techniques | cs.IR | Information extraction identifies useful and relevant text in a document and
converts unstructured text into a form that can be loaded into a database
table. Named entity extraction is a main task in the process of information
extraction and is a classification problem in which words are assigned to one
or more semanti... | computer science |
34,039 | A Semantic approach for effective document clustering using WordNet | cs.CL | Now a days, the text document is spontaneously increasing over the internet,
e-mail and web pages and they are stored in the electronic database format. To
arrange and browse the document it becomes difficult. To overcome such problem
the document preprocessing, term selection, attribute reduction and maintaining
the r... | computer science |
34,040 | A Hybrid Approach to Extract Keyphrases from Medical Documents | cs.IR | Keyphrases are the phrases, consisting of one or more words, representing the
important concepts in the articles. Keyphrases are useful for a variety of
tasks such as text summarization, automatic indexing,
clustering/classification, text mining etc. This paper presents a hybrid
approach to keyphrase extraction from me... | computer science |
34,041 | Concept-based indexing in text information retrieval | cs.IR | Traditional information retrieval systems rely on keywords to index documents
and queries. In such systems, documents are retrieved based on the number of
shared keywords with the query. This lexical-focused retrieval leads to
inaccurate and incomplete results when different keywords are used to describe
the documents ... | computer science |
34,042 | A Multilingual Semantic Wiki Based on Attempto Controlled English and
Grammatical Framework | cs.CL | We describe a semantic wiki system with an underlying controlled natural
language grammar implemented in Grammatical Framework (GF). The grammar
restricts the wiki content to a well-defined subset of Attempto Controlled
English (ACE), and facilitates a precise bidirectional automatic translation
between ACE and languag... | computer science |
34,043 | Analytic solution of a model of language competition with bilingualism
and interlinguistic similarity | cs.CL | An in-depth analytic study of a model of language dynamics is presented: a
model which tackles the problem of the coexistence of two languages within a
closed community of speakers taking into account bilingualism and incorporating
a parameter to measure the distance between languages. After previous numerical
simulati... | computer science |
34,044 | Parameters Optimization for Improving ASR Performance in Adverse Real
World Noisy Environmental Conditions | cs.CL | From the existing research it has been observed that many techniques and
methodologies are available for performing every step of Automatic Speech
Recognition (ASR) system, but the performance (Minimization of Word Error
Recognition-WER and Maximization of Word Accuracy Rate- WAR) of the methodology
is not dependent on... | computer science |
34,045 | Adverse Conditions and ASR Techniques for Robust Speech User Interface | cs.CL | The main motivation for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is efficient
interfaces to computers, and for the interfaces to be natural and truly useful,
it should provide coverage for a large group of users. The purpose of these
tasks is to further improve man-machine communication. ASR systems exhibit
unacceptable degr... | computer science |
34,046 | Exploring the Role of Logically Related Non-Question Phrases for
Answering Why-Questions | cs.CL | In this paper, we show that certain phrases although not present in a given
question/query, play a very important role in answering the question. Exploring
the role of such phrases in answering questions not only reduces the dependency
on matching question phrases for extracting answers, but also improves the
quality o... | computer science |
34,047 | Tagging Scientific Publications using Wikipedia and Natural Language
Processing Tools. Comparison on the ArXiv Dataset | cs.CL | In this work, we compare two simple methods of tagging scientific
publications with labels reflecting their content. As a first source of labels
Wikipedia is employed, second label set is constructed from the noun phrases
occurring in the analyzed corpus. We examine the statistical properties and the
effectiveness of b... | computer science |
34,048 | Rank-frequency relation for Chinese characters | cs.CL | We show that the Zipf's law for Chinese characters perfectly holds for
sufficiently short texts (few thousand different characters). The scenario of
its validity is similar to the Zipf's law for words in short English texts. For
long Chinese texts (or for mixtures of short Chinese texts), rank-frequency
relations for C... | computer science |
34,049 | Mapping Mutable Genres in Structurally Complex Volumes | cs.CL | To mine large digital libraries in humanistically meaningful ways, scholars
need to divide them by genre. This is a task that classification algorithms are
well suited to assist, but they need adjustment to address the specific
challenges of this domain. Digital libraries pose two problems of scale not
usually found in... | computer science |
34,050 | Non-negative Matrix Factorization with Linear Constraints for
Single-Channel Speech Enhancement | cs.SD | This paper investigates a non-negative matrix factorization (NMF)-based
approach to the semi-supervised single-channel speech enhancement problem where
only non-stationary additive noise signals are given. The proposed method
relies on sinusoidal model of speech production which is integrated inside NMF
framework using... | computer science |
34,051 | An Inter-lingual Reference Approach For Multi-Lingual Ontology Matching | cs.CL | Ontologies are considered as the backbone of the Semantic Web. With the
rising success of the Semantic Web, the number of participating communities
from different countries is constantly increasing. The growing number of
ontologies available in different natural languages leads to an
interoperability problem. In this p... | computer science |
34,052 | Evaluating the Usefulness of Sentiment Information for Focused Crawlers | cs.IR | Despite the prevalence of sentiment-related content on the Web, there has
been limited work on focused crawlers capable of effectively collecting such
content. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of using sentiment-related
information for enhanced focused crawling of opinion-rich web content regarding
a particular... | computer science |
34,053 | Early Stage Influenza Detection from Twitter | cs.SI | Influenza is an acute respiratory illness that occurs virtually every year
and results in substantial disease, death and expense. Detection of Influenza
in its earliest stage would facilitate timely action that could reduce the
spread of the illness. Existing systems such as CDC and EISS which try to
collect diagnosis ... | computer science |
34,054 | Hierarchy of Scales in Language Dynamics | cs.CL | Methods and insights from statistical physics are finding an increasing
variety of applications where one seeks to understand the emergent properties
of a complex interacting system. One such area concerns the dynamics of
language at a variety of levels of description, from the behaviour of
individual agents learning s... | computer science |
34,055 | Mining Measured Information from Text | cs.CL | We present an approach to extract measured information from text (e.g., a
1370 degrees C melting point, a BMI greater than 29.9 kg/m^2 ). Such
extractions are critically important across a wide range of domains -
especially those involving search and exploration of scientific and technical
documents. We first propose a... | computer science |
34,056 | Mining Scientific Papers for Bibliometrics: a (very) Brief Survey of
Methods and Tools | cs.DL | The Open Access movement in scientific publishing and search engines like
Google Scholar have made scientific articles more broadly accessible. During
the last decade, the availability of scientific papers in full text has become
more and more widespread thanks to the growing number of publications on online
platforms ... | computer science |
34,057 | Distant Supervision for Entity Linking | cs.CL | Entity linking is an indispensable operation of populating knowledge
repositories for information extraction. It studies on aligning a textual
entity mention to its corresponding disambiguated entry in a knowledge
repository. In this paper, we propose a new paradigm named distantly supervised
entity linking (DSEL), in ... | computer science |
34,058 | A type-theoretical approach to Universal Grammar | cs.CL | The idea of Universal Grammar (UG) as the hypothetical linguistic structure
shared by all human languages harkens back at least to the 13th century. The
best known modern elaborations of the idea are due to Chomsky. Following a
devastating critique from theoretical, typological and field linguistics, these
elaborations... | computer science |
34,059 | Mining User Opinions in Mobile App Reviews: A Keyword-based Approach | cs.IR | User reviews of mobile apps often contain complaints or suggestions which are
valuable for app developers to improve user experience and satisfaction.
However, due to the large volume and noisy-nature of those reviews, manually
analyzing them for useful opinions is inherently challenging. To address this
problem, we pr... | computer science |
34,060 | Exposing ambiguities in a relation-extraction gold standard with
crowdsourcing | cs.CL | Semantic relation extraction is one of the frontiers of biomedical natural
language processing research. Gold standards are key tools for advancing this
research. It is challenging to generate these standards because of the high
cost of expert time and the difficulty in establishing agreement between
annotators. We imp... | computer science |
34,061 | Text to 3D Scene Generation with Rich Lexical Grounding | cs.CL | The ability to map descriptions of scenes to 3D geometric representations has
many applications in areas such as art, education, and robotics. However, prior
work on the text to 3D scene generation task has used manually specified object
categories and language that identifies them. We introduce a dataset of 3D
scenes ... | computer science |
34,062 | Reply to Garcia et al.: Common mistakes in measuring frequency dependent
word characteristics | cs.CL | We demonstrate that the concerns expressed by Garcia et al. are misplaced,
due to (1) a misreading of our findings in [1]; (2) a widespread failure to
examine and present words in support of asserted summary quantities based on
word usage frequencies; and (3) a range of misconceptions about word usage
frequency, word r... | computer science |
34,063 | Unveiling the Political Agenda of the European Parliament Plenary: A
Topical Analysis | cs.CL | This study analyzes political interactions in the European Parliament (EP) by
considering how the political agenda of the plenary sessions has evolved over
time and the manner in which Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) have
reacted to external and internal stimuli when making Parliamentary speeches. It
does so ... | computer science |
34,064 | AttSum: Joint Learning of Focusing and Summarization with Neural
Attention | cs.IR | Query relevance ranking and sentence saliency ranking are the two main tasks
in extractive query-focused summarization. Previous supervised summarization
systems often perform the two tasks in isolation. However, since reference
summaries are the trade-off between relevance and saliency, using them as
supervision, neit... | computer science |
34,065 | In narrative texts punctuation marks obey the same statistics as words | cs.CL | From a grammar point of view, the role of punctuation marks in a sentence is
formally defined and well understood. In semantic analysis punctuation plays
also a crucial role as a method of avoiding ambiguity of the meaning. A
different situation can be observed in the statistical analyses of language
samples, where the... | computer science |
34,066 | Entity Type Recognition using an Ensemble of Distributional Semantic
Models to Enhance Query Understanding | cs.CL | We present an ensemble approach for categorizing search query entities in the
recruitment domain. Understanding the types of entities expressed in a search
query (Company, Skill, Job Title, etc.) enables more intelligent information
retrieval based upon those entities compared to a traditional keyword-based
search. Bec... | computer science |
34,067 | Composition of Deep and Spiking Neural Networks for Very Low Bit Rate
Speech Coding | cs.SD | Most current very low bit rate (VLBR) speech coding systems use hidden Markov
model (HMM) based speech recognition/synthesis techniques. This allows
transmission of information (such as phonemes) segment by segment that
decreases the bit rate. However, the encoder based on a phoneme speech
recognition may create bursts... | computer science |
34,068 | Distributed Entity Disambiguation with Per-Mention Learning | cs.CL | Entity disambiguation, or mapping a phrase to its canonical representation in
a knowledge base, is a fundamental step in many natural language processing
applications. Existing techniques based on global ranking models fail to
capture the individual peculiarities of the words and hence, either struggle to
meet the accu... | computer science |
34,069 | OCR Error Correction Using Character Correction and Feature-Based Word
Classification | cs.IR | This paper explores the use of a learned classifier for post-OCR text
correction. Experiments with the Arabic language show that this approach, which
integrates a weighted confusion matrix and a shallow language model, improves
the vast majority of segmentation and recognition errors, the most frequent
types of error o... | computer science |
34,070 | Accent Classification with Phonetic Vowel Representation | cs.SD | Previous accent classification research focused mainly on detecting accents
with pure acoustic information without recognizing accented speech. This work
combines phonetic knowledge such as vowels with acoustic information to build
Guassian Mixture Model (GMM) classifier with Perceptual Linear Predictive (PLP)
features... | computer science |
34,071 | Detecting "Smart" Spammers On Social Network: A Topic Model Approach | cs.CL | Spammer detection on social network is a challenging problem. The rigid
anti-spam rules have resulted in emergence of "smart" spammers. They resemble
legitimate users who are difficult to identify. In this paper, we present a
novel spammer classification approach based on Latent Dirichlet
Allocation(LDA), a topic model... | computer science |
34,072 | Index wiki database: design and experiments | cs.IR | With the fantastic growth of Internet usage, information search in documents
of a special type called a "wiki page" that is written using a simple markup
language, has become an important problem. This paper describes the software
architectural model for indexing wiki texts in three languages (Russian,
English, and Ger... | computer science |
34,073 | Offloading Cognition onto Cognitive Technology | cs.MA | "Cognizing" (e.g., thinking, understanding, and knowing) is a mental state.
Systems without mental states, such as cognitive technology, can sometimes
contribute to human cognition, but that does not make them cognizers. Cognizers
can offload some of their cognitive functions onto cognitive technology,
thereby extendin... | computer science |
34,074 | Classification of Flames in Computer Mediated Communications | cs.SI | Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) has brought about a revolution in the
way the world communicates with each other. With the increasing number of
people, interacting through the internet and the rise of new platforms and
technologies has brought together the people from different social, cultural
and geographical b... | computer science |
34,075 | Segmenting DNA sequence into `words' | cs.CL | This paper presents a novel method to segment/decode DNA sequences based on
n-grams statistical language model. Firstly, we find the length of most DNA
'words' is 12 to 15 bps by analyzing the genomes of 12 model species. Then we
design an unsupervised probability based approach to segment the DNA sequences.
The benchm... | computer science |
34,076 | The GF Mathematics Library | cs.MS | This paper is devoted to present the Mathematics Grammar Library, a system
for multilingual mathematical text processing. We explain the context in which
it originated, its current design and functionality and the current development
goals. We also present two prototype services and comment on possible future
applicati... | computer science |
34,077 | A Lexical Analysis Tool with Ambiguity Support | cs.CL | Lexical ambiguities naturally arise in languages. We present Lamb, a lexical
analyzer that produces a lexical analysis graph describing all the possible
sequences of tokens that can be found within the input string. Parsers can
process such lexical analysis graphs and discard any sequence of tokens that
does not produc... | computer science |
34,078 | Automated Word Puzzle Generation via Topic Dictionaries | cs.CL | We propose a general method for automated word puzzle generation. Contrary to
previous approaches in this novel field, the presented method does not rely on
highly structured datasets obtained with serious human annotation effort: it
only needs an unstructured and unannotated corpus (i.e., document collection)
as input... | computer science |
34,079 | Temporal expression normalisation in natural language texts | cs.CL | Automatic annotation of temporal expressions is a research challenge of great
interest in the field of information extraction. In this report, I describe a
novel rule-based architecture, built on top of a pre-existing system, which is
able to normalise temporal expressions detected in English texts. Gold standard
tempo... | computer science |
34,080 | Challenges in Kurdish Text Processing | cs.IR | Despite having a large number of speakers, the Kurdish language is among the
less-resourced languages. In this work we highlight the challenges and problems
in providing the required tools and techniques for processing texts written in
Kurdish. From a high-level perspective, the main challenges are: the inherent
divers... | computer science |
34,081 | Condensés de textes par des méthodes numériques | cs.IR | Since information in electronic form is already a standard, and that the
variety and the quantity of information become increasingly large, the methods
of summarizing or automatic condensation of texts is a critical phase of the
analysis of texts. This article describes CORTEX a system based on numerical
methods, which... | computer science |
34,082 | A Novel Feature-based Bayesian Model for Query Focused Multi-document
Summarization | cs.CL | Both supervised learning methods and LDA based topic model have been
successfully applied in the field of query focused multi-document
summarization. In this paper, we propose a novel supervised approach that can
incorporate rich sentence features into Bayesian topic models in a principled
way, thus taking advantages o... | computer science |
34,083 | Query-focused Multi-document Summarization: Combining a Novel Topic
Model with Graph-based Semi-supervised Learning | cs.CL | Graph-based semi-supervised learning has proven to be an effective approach
for query-focused multi-document summarization. The problem of previous
semi-supervised learning is that sentences are ranked without considering the
higher level information beyond sentence level. Researches on general
summarization illustrate... | computer science |
34,084 | A Scale-Space Theory for Text | cs.IR | Scale-space theory has been established primarily by the computer vision and
signal processing communities as a well-founded and promising framework for
multi-scale processing of signals (e.g., images). By embedding an original
signal into a family of gradually coarsen signals parameterized with a
continuous scale para... | computer science |
34,085 | Web-Based Question Answering: A Decision-Making Perspective | cs.IR | We describe an investigation of the use of probabilistic models and
cost-benefit analyses to guide resource-intensive procedures used by a
Web-based question answering system. We first provide an overview of research
on question-answering systems. Then, we present details on AskMSR, a prototype
web-based question answe... | computer science |
34,086 | 1 Billion Pages = 1 Million Dollars? Mining the Web to Play "Who Wants
to be a Millionaire?" | cs.IR | We exploit the redundancy and volume of information on the web to build a
computerized player for the ABC TV game show 'Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?'
The player consists of a question-answering module and a decision-making
module. The question-answering module utilizes question transformation
techniques, natural lang... | computer science |
34,087 | Keyword Extraction for Identifying Social Actors | cs.IR | Identifying the social actor has become one of tasks in Artificial
Intelligence, whereby extracting keyword from Web snippets depend on the use of
web is steadily gaining ground in this research. We develop therefore an
approach based on overlap principle for utilizing a collection of features in
web snippets, where us... | computer science |
34,088 | Sentence Compression in Spanish driven by Discourse Segmentation and
Language Models | cs.CL | Previous works demonstrated that Automatic Text Summarization (ATS) by
sentences extraction may be improved using sentence compression. In this work
we present a sentence compressions approach guided by level-sentence discourse
segmentation and probabilistic language models (LM). The results presented here
show that th... | computer science |
34,089 | A comparative study of root-based and stem-based approaches for
measuring the similarity between arabic words for arabic text mining
applications | cs.CL | Representation of semantic information contained in the words is needed for
any Arabic Text Mining applications. More precisely, the purpose is to better
take into account the semantic dependencies between words expressed by the
co-occurrence frequencies of these words. There have been many proposals to
compute similar... | computer science |
34,090 | Arabic text summarization based on latent semantic analysis to enhance
arabic documents clustering | cs.IR | Arabic Documents Clustering is an important task for obtaining good results
with the traditional Information Retrieval (IR) systems especially with the
rapid growth of the number of online documents present in Arabic language.
Documents clustering aim to automatically group similar documents in one
cluster using differ... | computer science |
34,091 | Compactified Horizontal Visibility Graph for the Language Network | cs.CL | A compactified horizontal visibility graph for the language network is
proposed. It was found that the networks constructed in such way are scale
free, and have a property that among the nodes with largest degrees there are
words that determine not only a text structure communication, but also its
informational structu... | computer science |
34,092 | Basic Classes of Grammars with Prohibition | cs.FL | A practical tool for natural language modeling and development of
human-machine interaction is developed in the context of formal grammars and
languages. A new type of formal grammars, called grammars with prohibition, is
introduced. Grammars with prohibition provide more powerful tools for natural
language generation ... | computer science |
34,093 | Development of Yes/No Arabic Question Answering System | cs.CL | Developing Question Answering systems has been one of the important research
issues because it requires insights from a variety of
disciplines,including,Artificial Intelligence,Information Retrieval,
Information Extraction,Natural Language Processing, and Psychology.In this
paper we realize a formal model for a lightwe... | computer science |
34,094 | A quantum teleportation inspired algorithm produces sentence meaning
from word meaning and grammatical structure | cs.CL | We discuss an algorithm which produces the meaning of a sentence given
meanings of its words, and its resemblance to quantum teleportation. In fact,
this protocol was the main source of inspiration for this algorithm which has
many applications in the area of Natural Language Processing. | computer science |
34,095 | CONATION: English Command Input/Output System for Computers | cs.HC | In this information technology age, a convenient and user friendly interface
is required to operate the computer system on very fast rate. In the human
being, speech being a natural mode of communication has potential to being a
fast and convenient mode of interaction with computer. Speech recognition will
play an impo... | computer science |
34,096 | Techniques for Feature Extraction In Speech Recognition System : A
Comparative Study | cs.SD | The time domain waveform of a speech signal carries all of the auditory
information. From the phonological point of view, it little can be said on the
basis of the waveform itself. However, past research in mathematics, acoustics,
and speech technology have provided many methods for converting data that can
be consider... | computer science |
34,097 | Speech Enhancement Modeling Towards Robust Speech Recognition System | cs.SD | Form about four decades human beings have been dreaming of an intelligent
machine which can master the natural speech. In its simplest form, this machine
should consist of two subsystems, namely automatic speech recognition (ASR) and
speech understanding (SU). The goal of ASR is to transcribe natural speech
while SU is... | computer science |
34,098 | Speech: A Challenge to Digital Signal Processing Technology for
Human-to-Computer Interaction | cs.HC | This software project based paper is for a vision of the near future in which
computer interaction is characterized by natural face-to-face conversations
with lifelike characters that speak, emote, and gesture. The first step is
speech. The dream of a true virtual reality, a complete human-computer
interaction system w... | computer science |
34,099 | Speech Enhancement Using Pitch Detection Approach For Noisy Environment | cs.SD | Acoustical mismatch among training and testing phases degrades outstandingly
speech recognition results. This problem has limited the development of
real-world nonspecific applications, as testing conditions are highly variant
or even unpredictable during the training process. Therefore the background
noise has to be r... | computer science |
34,100 | A study for the effect of the Emphaticness and language and dialect for
Voice Onset Time (VOT) in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) | cs.CL | The signal sound contains many different features, including Voice Onset Time
(VOT), which is a very important feature of stop sounds in many languages. The
only application of VOT values is stopping phoneme subsets. This subset of
consonant sounds is stop phonemes exist in the Arabic language, and in fact,
all languag... | computer science |
34,101 | Opportunities & Challenges In Automatic Speech Recognition | cs.CL | Automatic speech recognition enables a wide range of current and emerging
applications such as automatic transcription, multimedia content analysis, and
natural human-computer interfaces. This paper provides a glimpse of the
opportunities and challenges that parallelism provides for automatic speech
recognition and rel... | computer science |
34,102 | An Overview of Hindi Speech Recognition | cs.CL | In this age of information technology, information access in a convenient
manner has gained importance. Since speech is a primary mode of communication
among human beings, it is natural for people to expect to be able to carry out
spoken dialogue with computer. Speech recognition system permits ordinary
people to speak... | computer science |
34,103 | Automatic Speech Recognition Using Template Model for Man-Machine
Interface | cs.SD | Speech is a natural form of communication for human beings, and computers
with the ability to understand speech and speak with a human voice are expected
to contribute to the development of more natural man-machine interfaces.
Computers with this kind of ability are gradually becoming a reality, through
the evolution o... | computer science |
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