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34,004
Applying Part-of-Seech Enhanced LSA to Automatic Essay Grading
cs.IR
Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) is a widely used Information Retrieval method based on "bag-of-words" assumption. However, according to general conception, syntax plays a role in representing meaning of sentences. Thus, enhancing LSA with part-of-speech (POS) information to capture the context of word occurrences appear...
computer science
34,005
Size dependent word frequencies and translational invariance of books
cs.CL
It is shown that a real novel shares many characteristic features with a null model in which the words are randomly distributed throughout the text. Such a common feature is a certain translational invariance of the text. Another is that the functional form of the word-frequency distribution of a novel depends on the l...
computer science
34,006
Syntax is from Mars while Semantics from Venus! Insights from Spectral Analysis of Distributional Similarity Networks
cs.CL
We study the global topology of the syntactic and semantic distributional similarity networks for English through the technique of spectral analysis. We observe that while the syntactic network has a hierarchical structure with strong communities and their mixtures, the semantic network has several tightly knit communi...
computer science
34,007
Properties of quasi-alphabetic tree bimorphisms
cs.CL
We study the class of quasi-alphabetic relations, i.e., tree transformations defined by tree bimorphisms with two quasi-alphabetic tree homomorphisms and a regular tree language. We present a canonical representation of these relations; as an immediate consequence, we get the closure under union. Also, we show that the...
computer science
34,008
Employing Wikipedia's Natural Intelligence For Cross Language Information Retrieval
cs.IR
In this paper we present a novel method for retrieving information in languages other than that of the query. We use this technique in combination with existing traditional Cross Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) techniques to improve their results. This method has a number of advantages over traditional techniques...
computer science
34,009
Ezhil: A Tamil Programming Language
cs.PL
Ezhil is a Tamil language based interpreted procedural programming language. Tamil keywords and grammar are chosen to make the native Tamil speaker write programs in the Ezhil system. Ezhil allows easy representation of computer program closer to the Tamil language logical constructs equivalent to the conditional, bran...
computer science
34,010
Syllable Analysis to Build a Dictation System in Telugu language
cs.CL
In recent decades, Speech interactive systems gained increasing importance. To develop Dictation System like Dragon for Indian languages it is most important to adapt the system to a speaker with minimum training. In this paper we focus on the importance of creating speech database at syllable units and identifying min...
computer science
34,011
Implicit media frames: Automated analysis of public debate on artificial sweeteners
cs.IR
The framing of issues in the mass media plays a crucial role in the public understanding of science and technology. This article contributes to research concerned with diachronic analysis of media frames by making an analytical distinction between implicit and explicit media frames, and by introducing an automated meth...
computer science
34,012
Phylogeny and geometry of languages from normalized Levenshtein distance
cs.CL
The idea that the distance among pairs of languages can be evaluated from lexical differences seems to have its roots in the work of the French explorer Dumont D'Urville. He collected comparative words lists of various languages during his voyages aboard the Astrolabe from 1826 to 1829 and, in his work about the geogra...
computer science
34,013
Selected Operations, Algorithms, and Applications of n-Tape Weighted Finite-State Machines
cs.FL
A weighted finite-state machine with n tapes (n-WFSM) defines a rational relation on n strings. It is a generalization of weighted acceptors (one tape) and transducers (two tapes). After recalling some basic definitions about n-ary weighted rational relations and n-WFSMs, we summarize some central operations on these...
computer science
34,014
Detecting multiword phrases in mathematical text corpora
cs.CL
We present an approach for detecting multiword phrases in mathematical text corpora. The method used is based on characteristic features of mathematical terminology. It makes use of a software tool named Lingo which allows to identify words by means of previously defined dictionaries for specific word classes as adject...
computer science
34,015
The origin of Mayan languages from Formosan language group of Austronesian
cs.CL
Basic body-part names (BBPNs) were defined as body-part names in Swadesh basic 200 words. Non-Mayan cognates of Mayan (MY) BBPNs were extensively searched for, by comparing with non-MY vocabulary, including ca.1300 basic words of 82 AN languages listed by Tryon (1985), etc. Thus found cognates (CGs) in non-MY are liste...
computer science
34,016
Alberti's letter counts
math.HO
Four centuries before modern statistical linguistics was born, Leon Battista Alberti (1404--1472) compared the frequency of vowels in Latin poems and orations, making the first quantified observation of a stylistic difference ever. Using a corpus of 20 Latin texts (over 5 million letters), Alberti's observations are st...
computer science
34,017
The Model of Semantic Concepts Lattice For Data Mining Of Microblogs
cs.CL
The model of semantic concept lattice for data mining of microblogs has been proposed in this work. It is shown that the use of this model is effective for the semantic relations analysis and for the detection of associative rules of key words.
computer science
34,018
Optimal size, freshness and time-frame for voice search vocabulary
cs.CL
In this paper, we investigate how to optimize the vocabulary for a voice search language model. The metric we optimize over is the out-of-vocabulary (OoV) rate since it is a strong indicator of user experience. In a departure from the usual way of measuring OoV rates, web search logs allow us to compute the per-session...
computer science
34,019
Linguistic Analysis of Requirements of a Space Project and their Conformity with the Recommendations Proposed by a Controlled Natural Language
cs.SE
The long term aim of the project carried out by the French National Space Agency (CNES) is to design a writing guide based on the real and regular writing of requirements. As a first step in the project, this paper proposes a lin-guistic analysis of requirements written in French by CNES engineers. The aim is to determ...
computer science
34,020
Automatic Extraction of Protein Interaction in Literature
cs.CL
Protein-protein interaction extraction is the key precondition of the construction of protein knowledge network, and it is very important for the research in the biomedicine. This paper extracted directional protein-protein interaction from the biological text, using the SVM-based method. Experiments were evaluated on ...
computer science
34,021
Two-dimensional Sentiment Analysis of text
cs.IR
Sentiment Analysis aims to get the underlying viewpoint of the text, which could be anything that holds a subjective opinion, such as an online review, Movie rating, Comments on Blog posts etc. This paper presents a novel approach that classify text in two-dimensional Emotional space, based on the sentiments of the aut...
computer science
34,022
RuleCNL: A Controlled Natural Language for Business Rule Specifications
cs.SE
Business rules represent the primary means by which companies define their business, perform their actions in order to reach their objectives. Thus, they need to be expressed unambiguously to avoid inconsistencies between business stakeholders and formally in order to be machine-processed. A promising solution is the u...
computer science
34,023
Explaining Violation Traces with Finite State Natural Language Generation Models
cs.SE
An essential element of any verification technique is that of identifying and communicating to the user, system behaviour which leads to a deviation from the expected behaviour. Such behaviours are typically made available as long traces of system actions which would benefit from a natural language explanation of the t...
computer science
34,024
Mining of product reviews at aspect level
cs.CL
Todays world is a world of Internet, almost all work can be done with the help of it, from simple mobile phone recharge to biggest business deals can be done with the help of this technology. People spent their most of the times on surfing on the Web it becomes a new source of entertainment, education, communication, s...
computer science
34,025
The Frobenius anatomy of word meanings II: possessive relative pronouns
cs.CL
Within the categorical compositional distributional model of meaning, we provide semantic interpretations for the subject and object roles of the possessive relative pronoun `whose'. This is done in terms of Frobenius algebras over compact closed categories. These algebras and their diagrammatic language expose how mea...
computer science
34,026
What is India speaking: The "Hinglish" invasion
cs.CL
While language competition models of diachronic language shift are increasingly sophisticated, drawing on sociolinguistic components like variable language prestige, distance from language centers and intermediate bilingual transitionary populations, in one significant way they fall short. They fail to consider contact...
computer science
34,027
Zipf's law holds for phrases, not words
cs.CL
With Zipf's law being originally and most famously observed for word frequency, it is surprisingly limited in its applicability to human language, holding over no more than three to four orders of magnitude before hitting a clear break in scaling. Here, building on the simple observation that phrases of one or more wor...
computer science
34,028
A CNL for Contract-Oriented Diagrams
cs.CL
We present a first step towards a framework for defining and manipulating normative documents or contracts described as Contract-Oriented (C-O) Diagrams. These diagrams provide a visual representation for such texts, giving the possibility to express a signatory's obligations, permissions and prohibitions, with or with...
computer science
34,029
Characterizing Ranked Chinese Syllable-to-Character Mapping Spectrum: A Bridge Between the Spoken and Written Chinese Language
cs.CL
One important aspect of the relationship between spoken and written Chinese is the ranked syllable-to-character mapping spectrum, which is the ranked list of syllables by the number of characters that map to the syllable. Previously, this spectrum is analyzed for more than 400 syllables without distinguishing the four ...
computer science
34,030
Expressivity of Time-Varying Graphs and the Power of Waiting in Dynamic Networks
cs.DC
In infrastructure-less highly dynamic networks, computing and performing even basic tasks (such as routing and broadcasting) is a very challenging activity due to the fact that connectivity does not necessarily hold, and the network may actually be disconnected at every time instant. Clearly the task of designing proto...
computer science
34,031
Effective Listings of Function Stop words for Twitter
cs.IR
Many words in documents recur very frequently but are essentially meaningless as they are used to join words together in a sentence. It is commonly understood that stop words do not contribute to the context or content of textual documents. Due to their high frequency of occurrence, their presence in text mining presen...
computer science
34,032
The Complexity of Learning Principles and Parameters Grammars
cs.FL
We investigate models for learning the class of context-free and context-sensitive languages (CFLs and CSLs). We begin with a brief discussion of some early hardness results which show that unrestricted language learning is impossible, and unrestricted CFL learning is computationally infeasible; we then briefly survey ...
computer science
34,033
Finding Structure in Text, Genome and Other Symbolic Sequences
cs.CL
The statistical methods derived and described in this thesis provide new ways to elucidate the structural properties of text and other symbolic sequences. Generically, these methods allow detection of a difference in the frequency of a single feature, the detection of a difference between the frequencies of an ensemble...
computer science
34,034
Distinct word length frequencies: distributions and symbol entropies
cs.CL
The distribution of frequency counts of distinct words by length in a language's vocabulary will be analyzed using two methods. The first, will look at the empirical distributions of several languages and derive a distribution that reasonably explains the number of distinct words as a function of length. We will be abl...
computer science
34,035
Frame Interpretation and Validation in a Open Domain Dialogue System
cs.CL
Our goal in this paper is to establish a means for a dialogue platform to be able to cope with open domains considering the possible interaction between the embodied agent and humans. To this end we present an algorithm capable of processing natural language utterances and validate them against knowledge structures of ...
computer science
34,036
FST Based Morphological Analyzer for Hindi Language
cs.CL
Hindi being a highly inflectional language, FST (Finite State Transducer) based approach is most efficient for developing a morphological analyzer for this language. The work presented in this paper uses the SFST (Stuttgart Finite State Transducer) tool for generating the FST. A lexicon of root words is created. Rules ...
computer science
34,037
Structure-semantics interplay in complex networks and its effects on the predictability of similarity in texts
cs.CL
There are different ways to define similarity for grouping similar texts into clusters, as the concept of similarity may depend on the purpose of the task. For instance, in topic extraction similar texts mean those within the same semantic field, whereas in author recognition stylistic features should be considered. In...
computer science
34,038
Detecting and resolving spatial ambiguity in text using named entity extraction and self learning fuzzy logic techniques
cs.IR
Information extraction identifies useful and relevant text in a document and converts unstructured text into a form that can be loaded into a database table. Named entity extraction is a main task in the process of information extraction and is a classification problem in which words are assigned to one or more semanti...
computer science
34,039
A Semantic approach for effective document clustering using WordNet
cs.CL
Now a days, the text document is spontaneously increasing over the internet, e-mail and web pages and they are stored in the electronic database format. To arrange and browse the document it becomes difficult. To overcome such problem the document preprocessing, term selection, attribute reduction and maintaining the r...
computer science
34,040
A Hybrid Approach to Extract Keyphrases from Medical Documents
cs.IR
Keyphrases are the phrases, consisting of one or more words, representing the important concepts in the articles. Keyphrases are useful for a variety of tasks such as text summarization, automatic indexing, clustering/classification, text mining etc. This paper presents a hybrid approach to keyphrase extraction from me...
computer science
34,041
Concept-based indexing in text information retrieval
cs.IR
Traditional information retrieval systems rely on keywords to index documents and queries. In such systems, documents are retrieved based on the number of shared keywords with the query. This lexical-focused retrieval leads to inaccurate and incomplete results when different keywords are used to describe the documents ...
computer science
34,042
A Multilingual Semantic Wiki Based on Attempto Controlled English and Grammatical Framework
cs.CL
We describe a semantic wiki system with an underlying controlled natural language grammar implemented in Grammatical Framework (GF). The grammar restricts the wiki content to a well-defined subset of Attempto Controlled English (ACE), and facilitates a precise bidirectional automatic translation between ACE and languag...
computer science
34,043
Analytic solution of a model of language competition with bilingualism and interlinguistic similarity
cs.CL
An in-depth analytic study of a model of language dynamics is presented: a model which tackles the problem of the coexistence of two languages within a closed community of speakers taking into account bilingualism and incorporating a parameter to measure the distance between languages. After previous numerical simulati...
computer science
34,044
Parameters Optimization for Improving ASR Performance in Adverse Real World Noisy Environmental Conditions
cs.CL
From the existing research it has been observed that many techniques and methodologies are available for performing every step of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system, but the performance (Minimization of Word Error Recognition-WER and Maximization of Word Accuracy Rate- WAR) of the methodology is not dependent on...
computer science
34,045
Adverse Conditions and ASR Techniques for Robust Speech User Interface
cs.CL
The main motivation for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is efficient interfaces to computers, and for the interfaces to be natural and truly useful, it should provide coverage for a large group of users. The purpose of these tasks is to further improve man-machine communication. ASR systems exhibit unacceptable degr...
computer science
34,046
Exploring the Role of Logically Related Non-Question Phrases for Answering Why-Questions
cs.CL
In this paper, we show that certain phrases although not present in a given question/query, play a very important role in answering the question. Exploring the role of such phrases in answering questions not only reduces the dependency on matching question phrases for extracting answers, but also improves the quality o...
computer science
34,047
Tagging Scientific Publications using Wikipedia and Natural Language Processing Tools. Comparison on the ArXiv Dataset
cs.CL
In this work, we compare two simple methods of tagging scientific publications with labels reflecting their content. As a first source of labels Wikipedia is employed, second label set is constructed from the noun phrases occurring in the analyzed corpus. We examine the statistical properties and the effectiveness of b...
computer science
34,048
Rank-frequency relation for Chinese characters
cs.CL
We show that the Zipf's law for Chinese characters perfectly holds for sufficiently short texts (few thousand different characters). The scenario of its validity is similar to the Zipf's law for words in short English texts. For long Chinese texts (or for mixtures of short Chinese texts), rank-frequency relations for C...
computer science
34,049
Mapping Mutable Genres in Structurally Complex Volumes
cs.CL
To mine large digital libraries in humanistically meaningful ways, scholars need to divide them by genre. This is a task that classification algorithms are well suited to assist, but they need adjustment to address the specific challenges of this domain. Digital libraries pose two problems of scale not usually found in...
computer science
34,050
Non-negative Matrix Factorization with Linear Constraints for Single-Channel Speech Enhancement
cs.SD
This paper investigates a non-negative matrix factorization (NMF)-based approach to the semi-supervised single-channel speech enhancement problem where only non-stationary additive noise signals are given. The proposed method relies on sinusoidal model of speech production which is integrated inside NMF framework using...
computer science
34,051
An Inter-lingual Reference Approach For Multi-Lingual Ontology Matching
cs.CL
Ontologies are considered as the backbone of the Semantic Web. With the rising success of the Semantic Web, the number of participating communities from different countries is constantly increasing. The growing number of ontologies available in different natural languages leads to an interoperability problem. In this p...
computer science
34,052
Evaluating the Usefulness of Sentiment Information for Focused Crawlers
cs.IR
Despite the prevalence of sentiment-related content on the Web, there has been limited work on focused crawlers capable of effectively collecting such content. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of using sentiment-related information for enhanced focused crawling of opinion-rich web content regarding a particular...
computer science
34,053
Early Stage Influenza Detection from Twitter
cs.SI
Influenza is an acute respiratory illness that occurs virtually every year and results in substantial disease, death and expense. Detection of Influenza in its earliest stage would facilitate timely action that could reduce the spread of the illness. Existing systems such as CDC and EISS which try to collect diagnosis ...
computer science
34,054
Hierarchy of Scales in Language Dynamics
cs.CL
Methods and insights from statistical physics are finding an increasing variety of applications where one seeks to understand the emergent properties of a complex interacting system. One such area concerns the dynamics of language at a variety of levels of description, from the behaviour of individual agents learning s...
computer science
34,055
Mining Measured Information from Text
cs.CL
We present an approach to extract measured information from text (e.g., a 1370 degrees C melting point, a BMI greater than 29.9 kg/m^2 ). Such extractions are critically important across a wide range of domains - especially those involving search and exploration of scientific and technical documents. We first propose a...
computer science
34,056
Mining Scientific Papers for Bibliometrics: a (very) Brief Survey of Methods and Tools
cs.DL
The Open Access movement in scientific publishing and search engines like Google Scholar have made scientific articles more broadly accessible. During the last decade, the availability of scientific papers in full text has become more and more widespread thanks to the growing number of publications on online platforms ...
computer science
34,057
Distant Supervision for Entity Linking
cs.CL
Entity linking is an indispensable operation of populating knowledge repositories for information extraction. It studies on aligning a textual entity mention to its corresponding disambiguated entry in a knowledge repository. In this paper, we propose a new paradigm named distantly supervised entity linking (DSEL), in ...
computer science
34,058
A type-theoretical approach to Universal Grammar
cs.CL
The idea of Universal Grammar (UG) as the hypothetical linguistic structure shared by all human languages harkens back at least to the 13th century. The best known modern elaborations of the idea are due to Chomsky. Following a devastating critique from theoretical, typological and field linguistics, these elaborations...
computer science
34,059
Mining User Opinions in Mobile App Reviews: A Keyword-based Approach
cs.IR
User reviews of mobile apps often contain complaints or suggestions which are valuable for app developers to improve user experience and satisfaction. However, due to the large volume and noisy-nature of those reviews, manually analyzing them for useful opinions is inherently challenging. To address this problem, we pr...
computer science
34,060
Exposing ambiguities in a relation-extraction gold standard with crowdsourcing
cs.CL
Semantic relation extraction is one of the frontiers of biomedical natural language processing research. Gold standards are key tools for advancing this research. It is challenging to generate these standards because of the high cost of expert time and the difficulty in establishing agreement between annotators. We imp...
computer science
34,061
Text to 3D Scene Generation with Rich Lexical Grounding
cs.CL
The ability to map descriptions of scenes to 3D geometric representations has many applications in areas such as art, education, and robotics. However, prior work on the text to 3D scene generation task has used manually specified object categories and language that identifies them. We introduce a dataset of 3D scenes ...
computer science
34,062
Reply to Garcia et al.: Common mistakes in measuring frequency dependent word characteristics
cs.CL
We demonstrate that the concerns expressed by Garcia et al. are misplaced, due to (1) a misreading of our findings in [1]; (2) a widespread failure to examine and present words in support of asserted summary quantities based on word usage frequencies; and (3) a range of misconceptions about word usage frequency, word r...
computer science
34,063
Unveiling the Political Agenda of the European Parliament Plenary: A Topical Analysis
cs.CL
This study analyzes political interactions in the European Parliament (EP) by considering how the political agenda of the plenary sessions has evolved over time and the manner in which Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) have reacted to external and internal stimuli when making Parliamentary speeches. It does so ...
computer science
34,064
AttSum: Joint Learning of Focusing and Summarization with Neural Attention
cs.IR
Query relevance ranking and sentence saliency ranking are the two main tasks in extractive query-focused summarization. Previous supervised summarization systems often perform the two tasks in isolation. However, since reference summaries are the trade-off between relevance and saliency, using them as supervision, neit...
computer science
34,065
In narrative texts punctuation marks obey the same statistics as words
cs.CL
From a grammar point of view, the role of punctuation marks in a sentence is formally defined and well understood. In semantic analysis punctuation plays also a crucial role as a method of avoiding ambiguity of the meaning. A different situation can be observed in the statistical analyses of language samples, where the...
computer science
34,066
Entity Type Recognition using an Ensemble of Distributional Semantic Models to Enhance Query Understanding
cs.CL
We present an ensemble approach for categorizing search query entities in the recruitment domain. Understanding the types of entities expressed in a search query (Company, Skill, Job Title, etc.) enables more intelligent information retrieval based upon those entities compared to a traditional keyword-based search. Bec...
computer science
34,067
Composition of Deep and Spiking Neural Networks for Very Low Bit Rate Speech Coding
cs.SD
Most current very low bit rate (VLBR) speech coding systems use hidden Markov model (HMM) based speech recognition/synthesis techniques. This allows transmission of information (such as phonemes) segment by segment that decreases the bit rate. However, the encoder based on a phoneme speech recognition may create bursts...
computer science
34,068
Distributed Entity Disambiguation with Per-Mention Learning
cs.CL
Entity disambiguation, or mapping a phrase to its canonical representation in a knowledge base, is a fundamental step in many natural language processing applications. Existing techniques based on global ranking models fail to capture the individual peculiarities of the words and hence, either struggle to meet the accu...
computer science
34,069
OCR Error Correction Using Character Correction and Feature-Based Word Classification
cs.IR
This paper explores the use of a learned classifier for post-OCR text correction. Experiments with the Arabic language show that this approach, which integrates a weighted confusion matrix and a shallow language model, improves the vast majority of segmentation and recognition errors, the most frequent types of error o...
computer science
34,070
Accent Classification with Phonetic Vowel Representation
cs.SD
Previous accent classification research focused mainly on detecting accents with pure acoustic information without recognizing accented speech. This work combines phonetic knowledge such as vowels with acoustic information to build Guassian Mixture Model (GMM) classifier with Perceptual Linear Predictive (PLP) features...
computer science
34,071
Detecting "Smart" Spammers On Social Network: A Topic Model Approach
cs.CL
Spammer detection on social network is a challenging problem. The rigid anti-spam rules have resulted in emergence of "smart" spammers. They resemble legitimate users who are difficult to identify. In this paper, we present a novel spammer classification approach based on Latent Dirichlet Allocation(LDA), a topic model...
computer science
34,072
Index wiki database: design and experiments
cs.IR
With the fantastic growth of Internet usage, information search in documents of a special type called a "wiki page" that is written using a simple markup language, has become an important problem. This paper describes the software architectural model for indexing wiki texts in three languages (Russian, English, and Ger...
computer science
34,073
Offloading Cognition onto Cognitive Technology
cs.MA
"Cognizing" (e.g., thinking, understanding, and knowing) is a mental state. Systems without mental states, such as cognitive technology, can sometimes contribute to human cognition, but that does not make them cognizers. Cognizers can offload some of their cognitive functions onto cognitive technology, thereby extendin...
computer science
34,074
Classification of Flames in Computer Mediated Communications
cs.SI
Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) has brought about a revolution in the way the world communicates with each other. With the increasing number of people, interacting through the internet and the rise of new platforms and technologies has brought together the people from different social, cultural and geographical b...
computer science
34,075
Segmenting DNA sequence into `words'
cs.CL
This paper presents a novel method to segment/decode DNA sequences based on n-grams statistical language model. Firstly, we find the length of most DNA 'words' is 12 to 15 bps by analyzing the genomes of 12 model species. Then we design an unsupervised probability based approach to segment the DNA sequences. The benchm...
computer science
34,076
The GF Mathematics Library
cs.MS
This paper is devoted to present the Mathematics Grammar Library, a system for multilingual mathematical text processing. We explain the context in which it originated, its current design and functionality and the current development goals. We also present two prototype services and comment on possible future applicati...
computer science
34,077
A Lexical Analysis Tool with Ambiguity Support
cs.CL
Lexical ambiguities naturally arise in languages. We present Lamb, a lexical analyzer that produces a lexical analysis graph describing all the possible sequences of tokens that can be found within the input string. Parsers can process such lexical analysis graphs and discard any sequence of tokens that does not produc...
computer science
34,078
Automated Word Puzzle Generation via Topic Dictionaries
cs.CL
We propose a general method for automated word puzzle generation. Contrary to previous approaches in this novel field, the presented method does not rely on highly structured datasets obtained with serious human annotation effort: it only needs an unstructured and unannotated corpus (i.e., document collection) as input...
computer science
34,079
Temporal expression normalisation in natural language texts
cs.CL
Automatic annotation of temporal expressions is a research challenge of great interest in the field of information extraction. In this report, I describe a novel rule-based architecture, built on top of a pre-existing system, which is able to normalise temporal expressions detected in English texts. Gold standard tempo...
computer science
34,080
Challenges in Kurdish Text Processing
cs.IR
Despite having a large number of speakers, the Kurdish language is among the less-resourced languages. In this work we highlight the challenges and problems in providing the required tools and techniques for processing texts written in Kurdish. From a high-level perspective, the main challenges are: the inherent divers...
computer science
34,081
Condensés de textes par des méthodes numériques
cs.IR
Since information in electronic form is already a standard, and that the variety and the quantity of information become increasingly large, the methods of summarizing or automatic condensation of texts is a critical phase of the analysis of texts. This article describes CORTEX a system based on numerical methods, which...
computer science
34,082
A Novel Feature-based Bayesian Model for Query Focused Multi-document Summarization
cs.CL
Both supervised learning methods and LDA based topic model have been successfully applied in the field of query focused multi-document summarization. In this paper, we propose a novel supervised approach that can incorporate rich sentence features into Bayesian topic models in a principled way, thus taking advantages o...
computer science
34,083
Query-focused Multi-document Summarization: Combining a Novel Topic Model with Graph-based Semi-supervised Learning
cs.CL
Graph-based semi-supervised learning has proven to be an effective approach for query-focused multi-document summarization. The problem of previous semi-supervised learning is that sentences are ranked without considering the higher level information beyond sentence level. Researches on general summarization illustrate...
computer science
34,084
A Scale-Space Theory for Text
cs.IR
Scale-space theory has been established primarily by the computer vision and signal processing communities as a well-founded and promising framework for multi-scale processing of signals (e.g., images). By embedding an original signal into a family of gradually coarsen signals parameterized with a continuous scale para...
computer science
34,085
Web-Based Question Answering: A Decision-Making Perspective
cs.IR
We describe an investigation of the use of probabilistic models and cost-benefit analyses to guide resource-intensive procedures used by a Web-based question answering system. We first provide an overview of research on question-answering systems. Then, we present details on AskMSR, a prototype web-based question answe...
computer science
34,086
1 Billion Pages = 1 Million Dollars? Mining the Web to Play "Who Wants to be a Millionaire?"
cs.IR
We exploit the redundancy and volume of information on the web to build a computerized player for the ABC TV game show 'Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?' The player consists of a question-answering module and a decision-making module. The question-answering module utilizes question transformation techniques, natural lang...
computer science
34,087
Keyword Extraction for Identifying Social Actors
cs.IR
Identifying the social actor has become one of tasks in Artificial Intelligence, whereby extracting keyword from Web snippets depend on the use of web is steadily gaining ground in this research. We develop therefore an approach based on overlap principle for utilizing a collection of features in web snippets, where us...
computer science
34,088
Sentence Compression in Spanish driven by Discourse Segmentation and Language Models
cs.CL
Previous works demonstrated that Automatic Text Summarization (ATS) by sentences extraction may be improved using sentence compression. In this work we present a sentence compressions approach guided by level-sentence discourse segmentation and probabilistic language models (LM). The results presented here show that th...
computer science
34,089
A comparative study of root-based and stem-based approaches for measuring the similarity between arabic words for arabic text mining applications
cs.CL
Representation of semantic information contained in the words is needed for any Arabic Text Mining applications. More precisely, the purpose is to better take into account the semantic dependencies between words expressed by the co-occurrence frequencies of these words. There have been many proposals to compute similar...
computer science
34,090
Arabic text summarization based on latent semantic analysis to enhance arabic documents clustering
cs.IR
Arabic Documents Clustering is an important task for obtaining good results with the traditional Information Retrieval (IR) systems especially with the rapid growth of the number of online documents present in Arabic language. Documents clustering aim to automatically group similar documents in one cluster using differ...
computer science
34,091
Compactified Horizontal Visibility Graph for the Language Network
cs.CL
A compactified horizontal visibility graph for the language network is proposed. It was found that the networks constructed in such way are scale free, and have a property that among the nodes with largest degrees there are words that determine not only a text structure communication, but also its informational structu...
computer science
34,092
Basic Classes of Grammars with Prohibition
cs.FL
A practical tool for natural language modeling and development of human-machine interaction is developed in the context of formal grammars and languages. A new type of formal grammars, called grammars with prohibition, is introduced. Grammars with prohibition provide more powerful tools for natural language generation ...
computer science
34,093
Development of Yes/No Arabic Question Answering System
cs.CL
Developing Question Answering systems has been one of the important research issues because it requires insights from a variety of disciplines,including,Artificial Intelligence,Information Retrieval, Information Extraction,Natural Language Processing, and Psychology.In this paper we realize a formal model for a lightwe...
computer science
34,094
A quantum teleportation inspired algorithm produces sentence meaning from word meaning and grammatical structure
cs.CL
We discuss an algorithm which produces the meaning of a sentence given meanings of its words, and its resemblance to quantum teleportation. In fact, this protocol was the main source of inspiration for this algorithm which has many applications in the area of Natural Language Processing.
computer science
34,095
CONATION: English Command Input/Output System for Computers
cs.HC
In this information technology age, a convenient and user friendly interface is required to operate the computer system on very fast rate. In the human being, speech being a natural mode of communication has potential to being a fast and convenient mode of interaction with computer. Speech recognition will play an impo...
computer science
34,096
Techniques for Feature Extraction In Speech Recognition System : A Comparative Study
cs.SD
The time domain waveform of a speech signal carries all of the auditory information. From the phonological point of view, it little can be said on the basis of the waveform itself. However, past research in mathematics, acoustics, and speech technology have provided many methods for converting data that can be consider...
computer science
34,097
Speech Enhancement Modeling Towards Robust Speech Recognition System
cs.SD
Form about four decades human beings have been dreaming of an intelligent machine which can master the natural speech. In its simplest form, this machine should consist of two subsystems, namely automatic speech recognition (ASR) and speech understanding (SU). The goal of ASR is to transcribe natural speech while SU is...
computer science
34,098
Speech: A Challenge to Digital Signal Processing Technology for Human-to-Computer Interaction
cs.HC
This software project based paper is for a vision of the near future in which computer interaction is characterized by natural face-to-face conversations with lifelike characters that speak, emote, and gesture. The first step is speech. The dream of a true virtual reality, a complete human-computer interaction system w...
computer science
34,099
Speech Enhancement Using Pitch Detection Approach For Noisy Environment
cs.SD
Acoustical mismatch among training and testing phases degrades outstandingly speech recognition results. This problem has limited the development of real-world nonspecific applications, as testing conditions are highly variant or even unpredictable during the training process. Therefore the background noise has to be r...
computer science
34,100
A study for the effect of the Emphaticness and language and dialect for Voice Onset Time (VOT) in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA)
cs.CL
The signal sound contains many different features, including Voice Onset Time (VOT), which is a very important feature of stop sounds in many languages. The only application of VOT values is stopping phoneme subsets. This subset of consonant sounds is stop phonemes exist in the Arabic language, and in fact, all languag...
computer science
34,101
Opportunities & Challenges In Automatic Speech Recognition
cs.CL
Automatic speech recognition enables a wide range of current and emerging applications such as automatic transcription, multimedia content analysis, and natural human-computer interfaces. This paper provides a glimpse of the opportunities and challenges that parallelism provides for automatic speech recognition and rel...
computer science
34,102
An Overview of Hindi Speech Recognition
cs.CL
In this age of information technology, information access in a convenient manner has gained importance. Since speech is a primary mode of communication among human beings, it is natural for people to expect to be able to carry out spoken dialogue with computer. Speech recognition system permits ordinary people to speak...
computer science
34,103
Automatic Speech Recognition Using Template Model for Man-Machine Interface
cs.SD
Speech is a natural form of communication for human beings, and computers with the ability to understand speech and speak with a human voice are expected to contribute to the development of more natural man-machine interfaces. Computers with this kind of ability are gradually becoming a reality, through the evolution o...
computer science