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38,009
Data-Driven Sparse System Identification
cs.SY
In this paper, we study the system identification porblem for sparse linear time-invariant systems. We propose a sparsity promoting Lasso-type estimator to identify the dynamics of the system with only a limited number of input-state data samples. Using contemporary results on high-dimensional statistics, we prove that...
computer science
38,010
Jet Charge and Machine Learning
stat.ML
Modern machine learning techniques, such as convolutional, recurrent and recursive neural networks, have shown promise for jet substructure at the Large Hadron Collider. For example, they have demonstrated effectiveness at boosted top or W boson identification or for quark/gluon discrimination. We explore these methods...
computer science
38,011
Entropy-based closure for probabilistic learning on manifolds
math.PR
In a recent paper, the authors proposed a general methodology for probabilistic learning on manifolds. The method was used to generate numerical samples that are statistically consistent with an existing dataset construed as a realization from a non-Gaussian random vector. The manifold structure is learned using diffus...
computer science
38,012
SUCAG: Stochastic Unbiased Curvature-aided Gradient Method for Distributed Optimization
math.OC
We propose and analyze a new stochastic gradient method, which we call Stochastic Unbiased Curvature-aided Gra- dient (SUCAG), for finite sum optimization problems. SUCAG constitutes an unbiased total gradient tracking technique that uses Hessian information to accelerate convergence. We an- alyze our method under the ...
computer science
38,013
A Note on Zipf's Law, Natural Languages, and Noncoding DNA regions
cs.CL
In Phys. Rev. Letters (73:2, 5 Dec. 94), Mantegna et al. conclude on the basis of Zipf rank frequency data that noncoding DNA sequence regions are more like natural languages than coding regions. We argue on the contrary that an empirical fit to Zipf's ``law'' cannot be used as a criterion for similarity to natural lan...
computer science
38,014
Beyond the Zipf-Mandelbrot law in quantitative linguistics
cs.CL
In this paper the Zipf-Mandelbrot law is revisited in the context of linguistics. Despite its widespread popularity the Zipf--Mandelbrot law can only describe the statistical behaviour of a rather restricted fraction of the total number of words contained in some given corpus. In particular, we focus our attention on t...
computer science
38,015
Long-range fractal correlations in literary corpora
cs.CL
In this paper we analyse the fractal structure of long human-language records by mapping large samples of texts onto time series. The particular mapping set up in this work is inspired on linguistic basis in the sense that is retains {\em the word} as the fundamental unit of communication. The results confirm that beyo...
computer science
38,016
Autocatalytic Theory of Meaning
cs.CL
Recently it has been argued that autocatalytic theory could be applied to the origin of culture. Here possible application to a theory of meaning in the philosophy of language, called radical interpretation, is commented upon and compared to previous applications.
computer science
38,017
Estimation of English and non-English Language Use on the WWW
cs.CL
The World Wide Web has grown so big, in such an anarchic fashion, that it is difficult to describe. One of the evident intrinsic characteristics of the World Wide Web is its multilinguality. Here, we present a technique for estimating the size of a language-specific corpus given the frequency of commonly occurring word...
computer science
38,018
A Formal Framework for Linguistic Annotation (revised version)
cs.CL
`Linguistic annotation' covers any descriptive or analytic notations applied to raw language data. The basic data may be in the form of time functions - audio, video and/or physiological recordings - or it may be textual. The added notations may include transcriptions of all sorts (from phonetic features to discourse s...
computer science
38,019
Towards Solving the Interdisciplinary Language Barrier Problem
cs.CY
This work aims to make it easier for a specialist in one field to find and explore ideas from another field which may be useful in solving a new problem arising in his practice. It presents a methodology which serves to represent the relationships that exist between concepts, problems, and solution patterns from differ...
computer science
38,020
Detecting User Engagement in Everyday Conversations
cs.SD
This paper presents a novel application of speech emotion recognition: estimation of the level of conversational engagement between users of a voice communication system. We begin by using machine learning techniques, such as the support vector machine (SVM), to classify users' emotions as expressed in individual utter...
computer science
38,021
A knowledge-based approach to semi-automatic annotation of multimedia documents via user adaptation
cs.DL
Current approaches to the annotation process focus on annotation schemas, languages for annotation, or are very application driven. In this paper it is proposed that a more flexible architecture for annotation requires a knowledge component to allow for flexible search and navigation of the annotated material. In parti...
computer science
38,022
An argumentative annotation schema for meeting discussions
cs.CL
In this article, we are interested in the annotation of transcriptions of human-human dialogue taken from meeting records. We first propose a meeting content model where conversational acts are interpreted with respect to their argumentative force and their role in building the argumentative structure of the meeting di...
computer science
38,023
Automatic Keyword Extraction from Spoken Text. A Comparison of two Lexical Resources: the EDR and WordNet
cs.CL
Lexical resources such as WordNet and the EDR electronic dictionary have been used in several NLP tasks. Probably, partly due to the fact that the EDR is not freely available, WordNet has been used far more often than the EDR. We have used both resources on the same task in order to make a comparison possible. The task...
computer science
38,024
On Hilberg's Law and Its Links with Guiraud's Law
cs.CL
Hilberg (1990) supposed that finite-order excess entropy of a random human text is proportional to the square root of the text length. Assuming that Hilberg's hypothesis is true, we derive Guiraud's law, which states that the number of word types in a text is greater than proportional to the square root of the text len...
computer science
38,025
From semiotics of hypermedia to physics of semiosis: A view from system theory
cs.HC
Given that theoretical analysis and empirical validation is fundamental to any model, whether conceptual or formal, it is surprising that these two tools of scientific discovery are so often ignored in the contemporary studies of communication. In this paper, we pursued the ideas of a) correcting and expanding the mode...
computer science
38,026
Get out the vote: Determining support or opposition from Congressional floor-debate transcripts
cs.CL
We investigate whether one can determine from the transcripts of U.S. Congressional floor debates whether the speeches represent support of or opposition to proposed legislation. To address this problem, we exploit the fact that these speeches occur as part of a discussion; this allows us to use sources of information ...
computer science
38,027
Statistical keyword detection in literary corpora
cs.CL
Understanding the complexity of human language requires an appropriate analysis of the statistical distribution of words in texts. We consider the information retrieval problem of detecting and ranking the relevant words of a text by means of statistical information referring to the "spatial" use of the words. Shannon'...
computer science
38,028
On vocabulary size of grammar-based codes
cs.IT
We discuss inequalities holding between the vocabulary size, i.e., the number of distinct nonterminal symbols in a grammar-based compression for a string, and the excess length of the respective universal code, i.e., the code-based analog of algorithmic mutual information. The aim is to strengthen inequalities which we...
computer science
38,029
Reconstruction of Protein-Protein Interaction Pathways by Mining Subject-Verb-Objects Intermediates
cs.IR
The exponential increase in publication rate of new articles is limiting access of researchers to relevant literature. This has prompted the use of text mining tools to extract key biological information. Previous studies have reported extensive modification of existing generic text processors to process biological tex...
computer science
38,030
Toward a statistical mechanics of four letter words
cs.CL
We consider words as a network of interacting letters, and approximate the probability distribution of states taken on by this network. Despite the intuition that the rules of English spelling are highly combinatorial (and arbitrary), we find that maximum entropy models consistent with pairwise correlations among lette...
computer science
38,031
Computational approach to the emergence and evolution of language - evolutionary naming game model
cs.CL
Computational modelling with multi-agent systems is becoming an important technique of studying language evolution. We present a brief introduction into this rapidly developing field, as well as our own contributions that include an analysis of the evolutionary naming-game model. In this model communicating agents, tha...
computer science
38,032
Hubs in Languages: Scale Free Networks of Synonyms
cs.CL
Natural languages are described in this paper in terms of networks of synonyms: a word is identified with a node, and synonyms are connected by undirected links. Our statistical analysis of the network of synonyms in Polish language showed it is scale-free; similar to what is known for English. The statistical properti...
computer science
38,033
Equilibrium (Zipf) and Dynamic (Grasseberg-Procaccia) method based analyses of human texts. A comparison of natural (english) and artificial (esperanto) languages
cs.CL
A comparison of two english texts from Lewis Carroll, one (Alice in wonderland), also translated into esperanto, the other (Through a looking glass) are discussed in order to observe whether natural and artificial languages significantly differ from each other. One dimensional time series like signals are constructed u...
computer science
38,034
La fiabilité des informations sur le web
cs.IR
Online IR tools have to take into account new phenomena linked to the appearance of blogs, wiki and other collaborative publications. Among these collaborative sites, Wikipedia represents a crucial source of information. However, the quality of this information has been recently questionned. A better knowledge of the c...
computer science
38,035
Managing conflicts between users in Wikipedia
cs.IR
Wikipedia is nowadays a widely used encyclopedia, and one of the most visible sites on the Internet. Its strong principle of collaborative work and free editing sometimes generates disputes due to disagreements between users. In this article we study how the wikipedian community resolves the conflicts and which roles d...
computer science
38,036
Formal semantics of language and the Richard-Berry paradox
cs.CL
The classical logical antinomy known as Richard-Berry paradox is combined with plausible assumptions about the size i.e. the descriptional complexity of Turing machines formalizing certain sentences, to show that formalization of language leads to contradiction.
computer science
38,037
On the nature of long-range letter correlations in texts
cs.CL
The origin of long-range letter correlations in natural texts is studied using random walk analysis and Jensen-Shannon divergence. It is concluded that they result from slow variations in letter frequency distribution, which are a consequence of slow variations in lexical composition within the text. These correlations...
computer science
38,038
Beyond word frequency: Bursts, lulls, and scaling in the temporal distributions of words
cs.CL
Background: Zipf's discovery that word frequency distributions obey a power law established parallels between biological and physical processes, and language, laying the groundwork for a complex systems perspective on human communication. More recent research has also identified scaling regularities in the dynamics und...
computer science
38,039
Extracting Spooky-activation-at-a-distance from Considerations of Entanglement
cs.CL
Following an early claim by Nelson & McEvoy \cite{Nelson:McEvoy:2007} suggesting that word associations can display `spooky action at a distance behaviour', a serious investigation of the potentially quantum nature of such associations is currently underway. This paper presents a simple quantum model of a word associat...
computer science
38,040
On the Entropy of Written Spanish
cs.CL
This paper reports on results on the entropy of the Spanish language. They are based on an analysis of natural language for n-word symbols (n = 1 to 18), trigrams, digrams, and characters. The results obtained in this work are based on the analysis of twelve different literary works in Spanish, as well as a 279917 word...
computer science
38,041
Language Diversity across the Consonant Inventories: A Study in the Framework of Complex Networks
cs.CL
n this paper, we attempt to explain the emergence of the linguistic diversity that exists across the consonant inventories of some of the major language families of the world through a complex network based growth model. There is only a single parameter for this model that is meant to introduce a small amount of random...
computer science
38,042
Automated languages phylogeny from Levenshtein distance
cs.CL
Languages evolve over time in a process in which reproduction, mutation and extinction are all possible, similar to what happens to living organisms. Using this similarity it is possible, in principle, to build family trees which show the degree of relatedness between languages. The method used by modern glottochrono...
computer science
38,043
Automated words stability and languages phylogeny
cs.CL
The idea of measuring distance between languages seems to have its roots in the work of the French explorer Dumont D'Urville (D'Urville 1832). He collected comparative words lists of various languages during his voyages aboard the Astrolabe from 1826 to1829 and, in his work about the geographical division of the Pacifi...
computer science
38,044
Measuring the Meaning of Words in Contexts: An automated analysis of controversies about Monarch butterflies, Frankenfoods, and stem cells
cs.CL
Co-words have been considered as carriers of meaning across different domains in studies of science, technology, and society. Words and co-words, however, obtain meaning in sentences, and sentences obtain meaning in their contexts of use. At the science/society interface, words can be expected to have different meaning...
computer science
38,045
Statistical Physics for Natural Language Processing
cs.CL
This paper has been withdrawn by the author.
computer science
38,046
Network analysis of a corpus of undeciphered Indus civilization inscriptions indicates syntactic organization
cs.CL
Archaeological excavations in the sites of the Indus Valley civilization (2500-1900 BCE) in Pakistan and northwestern India have unearthed a large number of artifacts with inscriptions made up of hundreds of distinct signs. To date there is no generally accepted decipherment of these sign sequences and there have been ...
computer science
38,047
The probabilistic analysis of language acquisition: Theoretical, computational, and experimental analysis
cs.CL
There is much debate over the degree to which language learning is governed by innate language-specific biases, or acquired through cognition-general principles. Here we examine the probabilistic language acquisition hypothesis on three levels: We outline a novel theoretical result showing that it is possible to learn ...
computer science
38,048
Minimization Strategies for Maximally Parallel Multiset Rewriting Systems
cs.FL
Maximally parallel multiset rewriting systems (MPMRS) give a convenient way to express relations between unstructured objects. The functioning of various computational devices may be expressed in terms of MPMRS (e.g., register machines and many variants of P systems). In particular, this means that MPMRS are computatio...
computer science
38,049
Matrix Insertion-Deletion Systems
cs.FL
In this article, we consider for the first time the operations of insertion and deletion working in a matrix controlled manner. We show that, similarly as in the case of context-free productions, the computational power is strictly increased when using a matrix control: computational completeness can be obtained by sys...
computer science
38,050
Happiness is assortative in online social networks
cs.SI
Social networks tend to disproportionally favor connections between individuals with either similar or dissimilar characteristics. This propensity, referred to as assortative mixing or homophily, is expressed as the correlation between attribute values of nearest neighbour vertices in a graph. Recent results indicate t...
computer science
38,051
Incremental dimension reduction of tensors with random index
cs.DS
We present an incremental, scalable and efficient dimension reduction technique for tensors that is based on sparse random linear coding. Data is stored in a compactified representation with fixed size, which makes memory requirements low and predictable. Component encoding and decoding are performed on-line without co...
computer science
38,052
Mixing, Ergodic, and Nonergodic Processes with Rapidly Growing Information between Blocks
cs.IT
We construct mixing processes over an infinite alphabet and ergodic processes over a finite alphabet for which Shannon mutual information between adjacent blocks of length $n$ grows as $n^\beta$, where $\beta\in(0,1)$. The processes are a modification of nonergodic Santa Fe processes, which were introduced in the conte...
computer science
38,053
On the accuracy of language trees
cs.CL
Historical linguistics aims at inferring the most likely language phylogenetic tree starting from information concerning the evolutionary relatedness of languages. The available information are typically lists of homologous (lexical, phonological, syntactic) features or characters for many different languages. From t...
computer science
38,054
Excess entropy in natural language: present state and perspectives
cs.IT
We review recent progress in understanding the meaning of mutual information in natural language. Let us define words in a text as strings that occur sufficiently often. In a few previous papers, we have shown that a power-law distribution for so defined words (a.k.a. Herdan's law) is obeyed if there is a similar power...
computer science
38,055
A sentiment analysis of Singapore Presidential Election 2011 using Twitter data with census correction
stat.AP
Sentiment analysis is a new area in text analytics where it focuses on the analysis and understanding of the emotions from the text patterns. This new form of analysis has been widely adopted in customer relation management especially in the context of complaint management. With increasing level of interest in this tec...
computer science
38,056
Emotional Analysis of Blogs and Forums Data
cs.CL
We perform a statistical analysis of emotionally annotated comments in two large online datasets, examining chains of consecutive posts in the discussions. Using comparisons with randomised data we show that there is a high level of correlation for the emotional content of messages.
computer science
38,057
Towards cross-lingual alerting for bursty epidemic events
cs.CL
Background: Online news reports are increasingly becoming a source for event based early warning systems that detect natural disasters. Harnessing the massive volume of information available from multilingual newswire presents as many challenges as opportunities due to the patterns of reporting complex spatiotemporal e...
computer science
38,058
OMG U got flu? Analysis of shared health messages for bio-surveillance
cs.CL
Background: Micro-blogging services such as Twitter offer the potential to crowdsource epidemics in real-time. However, Twitter posts ('tweets') are often ambiguous and reactive to media trends. In order to ground user messages in epidemic response we focused on tracking reports of self-protective behaviour such as avo...
computer science
38,059
What's unusual in online disease outbreak news?
cs.CL
Background: Accurate and timely detection of public health events of international concern is necessary to help support risk assessment and response and save lives. Novel event-based methods that use the World Wide Web as a signal source offer potential to extend health surveillance into areas where traditional indicat...
computer science
38,060
Syndromic classification of Twitter messages
cs.CL
Recent studies have shown strong correlation between social networking data and national influenza rates. We expanded upon this success to develop an automated text mining system that classifies Twitter messages in real time into six syndromic categories based on key terms from a public health ontology. 10-fold cross v...
computer science
38,061
Positive words carry less information than negative words
cs.CL
We show that the frequency of word use is not only determined by the word length \cite{Zipf1935} and the average information content \cite{Piantadosi2011}, but also by its emotional content. We have analyzed three established lexica of affective word usage in English, German, and Spanish, to verify that these lexica ha...
computer science
38,062
Entropy-growth-based model of emotionally charged online dialogues
cs.CL
We analyze emotionally annotated massive data from IRC (Internet Relay Chat) and model the dialogues between its participants by assuming that the driving force for the discussion is the entropy growth of emotional probability distribution. This process is claimed to be correlated to the emergence of the power-law dist...
computer science
38,063
Statistical analysis of emotions and opinions at Digg website
cs.CL
We performed statistical analysis on data from the Digg.com website, which enables its users to express their opinion on news stories by taking part in forum-like discussions as well as directly evaluate previous posts and stories by assigning so called "diggs". Owing to fact that the content of each post has been anno...
computer science
38,064
Variable types for meaning assembly: a logical syntax for generic noun phrases introduced by most
math.LO
This paper proposes a way to compute the meanings associated with sentences with generic noun phrases corresponding to the generalized quantifier most. We call these generics specimens and they resemble stereotypes or prototypes in lexical semantics. The meanings are viewed as logical formulae that can thereafter be in...
computer science
38,065
Do Linguistic Style and Readability of Scientific Abstracts affect their Virality?
cs.SI
Reactions to textual content posted in an online social network show different dynamics depending on the linguistic style and readability of the submitted content. Do similar dynamics exist for responses to scientific articles? Our intuition, supported by previous research, suggests that the success of a scientific art...
computer science
38,066
Semi-Automatically Extracting FAQs to Improve Accessibility of Software Development Knowledge
cs.SE
Frequently asked questions (FAQs) are a popular way to document software development knowledge. As creating such documents is expensive, this paper presents an approach for automatically extracting FAQs from sources of software development discussion, such as mailing lists and Internet forums, by combining techniques o...
computer science
38,067
Exploring Text Virality in Social Networks
cs.CL
This paper aims to shed some light on the concept of virality - especially in social networks - and to provide new insights on its structure. We argue that: (a) virality is a phenomenon strictly connected to the nature of the content being spread, rather than to the influencers who spread it, (b) virality is a phenomen...
computer science
38,068
Intelligent Interface Architectures for Folksonomy Driven Structure Network
cs.HC
The folksonomy is the result of free personal information or assignment of tags to an object (determined by the URI) in order to find them. The practice of tagging is done in a collective environment. Folksonomies are self constructed, based on co-occurrence of definitions, rather than a hierarchical structure of the d...
computer science
38,069
You had me at hello: How phrasing affects memorability
cs.CL
Understanding the ways in which information achieves widespread public awareness is a research question of significant interest. We consider whether, and how, the way in which the information is phrased --- the choice of words and sentence structure --- can affect this process. To this end, we develop an analysis frame...
computer science
38,070
A practical approach to language complexity: a Wikipedia case study
cs.CL
In this paper we present statistical analysis of English texts from Wikipedia. We try to address the issue of language complexity empirically by comparing the simple English Wikipedia (Simple) to comparable samples of the main English Wikipedia (Main). Simple is supposed to use a more simplified language with a limited...
computer science
38,071
Estimating the Prevalence of Deception in Online Review Communities
cs.SI
Consumers' purchase decisions are increasingly influenced by user-generated online reviews. Accordingly, there has been growing concern about the potential for posting "deceptive opinion spam" -- fictitious reviews that have been deliberately written to sound authentic, to deceive the reader. But while this practice ha...
computer science
38,072
A Computational Analysis of Collective Discourse
cs.SI
This paper is focused on the computational analysis of collective discourse, a collective behavior seen in non-expert content contributions in online social media. We collect and analyze a wide range of real-world collective discourse datasets from movie user reviews to microblogs and news headlines to scientific citat...
computer science
38,073
Towards Real-Time Summarization of Scheduled Events from Twitter Streams
cs.IR
This paper explores the real-time summarization of scheduled events such as soccer games from torrential flows of Twitter streams. We propose and evaluate an approach that substantially shrinks the stream of tweets in real-time, and consists of two steps: (i) sub-event detection, which determines if something new has o...
computer science
38,074
Your Two Weeks of Fame and Your Grandmother's
cs.DL
Did celebrity last longer in 1929, 1992 or 2009? We investigate the phenomenon of fame by mining a collection of news articles that spans the twentieth century, and also perform a side study on a collection of blog posts from the last 10 years. By analyzing mentions of personal names, we measure each person's time in t...
computer science
38,075
"I Wanted to Predict Elections with Twitter and all I got was this Lousy Paper" -- A Balanced Survey on Election Prediction using Twitter Data
cs.CY
Predicting X from Twitter is a popular fad within the Twitter research subculture. It seems both appealing and relatively easy. Among such kind of studies, electoral prediction is maybe the most attractive, and at this moment there is a growing body of literature on such a topic. This is not only an interesting researc...
computer science
38,076
Leveraging Subjective Human Annotation for Clustering Historic Newspaper Articles
cs.IR
The New York Public Library is participating in the Chronicling America initiative to develop an online searchable database of historically significant newspaper articles. Microfilm copies of the newspapers are scanned and high resolution Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software is run on them. The text from the OC...
computer science
38,077
Information content versus word length in random typing
cs.CL
Recently, it has been claimed that a linear relationship between a measure of information content and word length is expected from word length optimization and it has been shown that this linearity is supported by a strong correlation between information content and word length in many languages (Piantadosi et al. 2011...
computer science
38,078
Multi-Level Modeling of Quotation Families Morphogenesis
cs.CY
This paper investigates cultural dynamics in social media by examining the proliferation and diversification of clearly-cut pieces of content: quoted texts. In line with the pioneering work of Leskovec et al. and Simmons et al. on memes dynamics we investigate in deep the transformations that quotations published onlin...
computer science
38,079
Adaptation of fictional and online conversations to communication media
cs.CL
Conversations allow the quick transfer of short bits of information and it is reasonable to expect that changes in communication medium affect how we converse. Using conversations in works of fiction and in an online social networking platform, we show that the utterance length of conversations is slowly shortening wit...
computer science
38,080
Meaning-focused and Quantum-inspired Information Retrieval
cs.IR
In recent years, quantum-based methods have promisingly integrated the traditional procedures in information retrieval (IR) and natural language processing (NLP). Inspired by our research on the identification and application of quantum structures in cognition, more specifically our work on the representation of concep...
computer science
38,081
Hubiness, length, crossings and their relationships in dependency trees
cs.CL
Here tree dependency structures are studied from three different perspectives: their degree variance (hubiness), the mean dependency length and the number of dependency crossings. Bounds that reveal pairwise dependencies among these three metrics are derived. Hubiness (the variance of degrees) plays a central role: the...
computer science
38,082
Towards a Formal Distributional Semantics: Simulating Logical Calculi with Tensors
math.LO
The development of compositional distributional models of semantics reconciling the empirical aspects of distributional semantics with the compositional aspects of formal semantics is a popular topic in the contemporary literature. This paper seeks to bring this reconciliation one step further by showing how the mathem...
computer science
38,083
The Quantum Challenge in Concept Theory and Natural Language Processing
cs.CL
The mathematical formalism of quantum theory has been successfully used in human cognition to model decision processes and to deliver representations of human knowledge. As such, quantum cognition inspired tools have improved technologies for Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval. In this paper, we over...
computer science
38,084
Discriminating word senses with tourist walks in complex networks
cs.CL
Patterns of topological arrangement are widely used for both animal and human brains in the learning process. Nevertheless, automatic learning techniques frequently overlook these patterns. In this paper, we apply a learning technique based on the structural organization of the data in the attribute space to the proble...
computer science
38,085
A Computational Approach to Politeness with Application to Social Factors
cs.CL
We propose a computational framework for identifying linguistic aspects of politeness. Our starting point is a new corpus of requests annotated for politeness, which we use to evaluate aspects of politeness theory and to uncover new interactions between politeness markers and context. These findings guide our construct...
computer science
38,086
The DeLiVerMATH project - Text analysis in mathematics
cs.CL
A high-quality content analysis is essential for retrieval functionalities but the manual extraction of key phrases and classification is expensive. Natural language processing provides a framework to automatize the process. Here, a machine-based approach for the content analysis of mathematical texts is described. A p...
computer science
38,087
Demographic growth and the distribution of language sizes
cs.CL
It is argued that the present log-normal distribution of language sizes is, to a large extent, a consequence of demographic dynamics within the population of speakers of each language. A two-parameter stochastic multiplicative process is proposed as a model for the population dynamics of individual languages, and appli...
computer science
38,088
Linguistic Information Energy
cs.CL
In this treatment a text is considered to be a series of word impulses which are read at a constant rate. The brain then assembles these units of information into higher units of meaning. A classical systems approach is used to model an initial part of this assembly process. The concepts of linguistic system response, ...
computer science
38,089
On the Vocabulary of Grammar-Based Codes and the Logical Consistency of Texts
cs.IT
The article presents a new interpretation for Zipf-Mandelbrot's law in natural language which rests on two areas of information theory. Firstly, we construct a new class of grammar-based codes and, secondly, we investigate properties of strongly nonergodic stationary processes. The motivation for the joint discussion i...
computer science
38,090
Language structure in the n-object naming game
cs.CL
We examine a naming game with two agents trying to establish a common vocabulary for n objects. Such efforts lead to the emergence of language that allows for an efficient communication and exhibits some degree of homonymy and synonymy. Although homonymy reduces the communication efficiency, it seems to be a dynamical ...
computer science
38,091
Computational modelling of evolution: ecosystems and language
cs.CL
Recently, computational modelling became a very important research tool that enables us to study problems that for decades evaded scientific analysis. Evolutionary systems are certainly examples of such problems: they are composed of many units that might reproduce, diffuse, mutate, die, or in some cases for example co...
computer science
38,092
The meta book and size-dependent properties of written language
cs.CL
Evidence is given for a systematic text-length dependence of the power-law index gamma of a single book. The estimated gamma values are consistent with a monotonic decrease from 2 to 1 with increasing length of a text. A direct connection to an extended Heap's law is explored. The infinite book limit is, as a consequen...
computer science
38,093
Naming Game on Adaptive Weighted Networks
cs.CL
We examine a naming game on an adaptive weighted network. A weight of connection for a given pair of agents depends on their communication success rate and determines the probability with which the agents communicate. In some cases, depending on the parameters of the model, the preference toward successfully communicat...
computer science
38,094
Science Fiction as a Worldwide Phenomenon: A Study of International Creation, Consumption and Dissemination
cs.DL
This paper examines the international nature of science fiction. The focus of this research is to determine whether science fiction is primarily English speaking and Western or global; being created and consumed by people in non-Western, non-English speaking countries? Science fiction's international presence was found...
computer science
38,095
The Royal Birth of 2013: Analysing and Visualising Public Sentiment in the UK Using Twitter
cs.CL
Analysis of information retrieved from microblogging services such as Twitter can provide valuable insight into public sentiment in a geographic region. This insight can be enriched by visualising information in its geographic context. Two underlying approaches for sentiment analysis are dictionary-based and machine le...
computer science
38,096
Exploratory Analysis of Highly Heterogeneous Document Collections
cs.CL
We present an effective multifaceted system for exploratory analysis of highly heterogeneous document collections. Our system is based on intelligently tagging individual documents in a purely automated fashion and exploiting these tags in a powerful faceted browsing framework. Tagging strategies employed include both ...
computer science
38,097
A Secure and Comparable Text Encryption Algorithm
cs.CR
This paper discloses a simple algorithm for encrypting text messages, based on the NP-completeness of the subset sum problem, such that the similarity between encryptions is roughly proportional to the semantic similarity between their generating messages. This allows parties to compare encrypted messages for semantic ...
computer science
38,098
Natural Language Web Interface for Database (NLWIDB)
cs.CL
It is a long term desire of the computer users to minimize the communication gap between the computer and a human. On the other hand, almost all ICT applications store information in to databases and retrieve from them. Retrieving information from the database requires knowledge of technical languages such as Structure...
computer science
38,099
Can inferred provenance and its visualisation be used to detect erroneous annotation? A case study using UniProtKB
cs.CL
A constant influx of new data poses a challenge in keeping the annotation in biological databases current. Most biological databases contain significant quantities of textual annotation, which often contains the richest source of knowledge. Many databases reuse existing knowledge, during the curation process annotation...
computer science
38,100
Sentiment in New York City: A High Resolution Spatial and Temporal View
cs.CL
Measuring public sentiment is a key task for researchers and policymakers alike. The explosion of available social media data allows for a more time-sensitive and geographically specific analysis than ever before. In this paper we analyze data from the micro-blogging site Twitter and generate a sentiment map of New Yor...
computer science
38,101
Acronym-Meaning Extraction from Corpora Using Multi-Tape Weighted Finite-State Machines
cs.CL
The automatic extraction of acronyms and their meaning from corpora is an important sub-task of text mining. It can be seen as a special case of string alignment, where a text chunk is aligned with an acronym. Alternative alignments have different cost, and ideally the least costly one should give the correct meaning o...
computer science
38,102
Viterbi Algorithm Generalized for n-Tape Best-Path Search
cs.CL
We present a generalization of the Viterbi algorithm for identifying the path with minimal (resp. maximal) weight in a n-tape weighted finite-state machine (n-WFSM), that accepts a given n-tuple of input strings (s_1,... s_n). It also allows us to compile the best transduction of a given input n-tuple by a weighted (n+...
computer science
38,103
Thermodynamics of Information Retrieval
cs.IT
In this work, we suggest a parameterized statistical model (the gamma distribution) for the frequency of word occurrences in long strings of English text and use this model to build a corresponding thermodynamic picture by constructing the partition function. We then use our partition function to compute thermodynamic ...
computer science
38,104
How opinions are received by online communities: A case study on Amazon.com helpfulness votes
cs.CL
There are many on-line settings in which users publicly express opinions. A number of these offer mechanisms for other users to evaluate these opinions; a canonical example is Amazon.com, where reviews come with annotations like "26 of 32 people found the following review helpful." Opinion evaluation appears in many of...
computer science
38,105
Towards the quantification of the semantic information encoded in written language
cs.CL
Written language is a complex communication signal capable of conveying information encoded in the form of ordered sequences of words. Beyond the local order ruled by grammar, semantic and thematic structures affect long-range patterns in word usage. Here, we show that a direct application of information theory quantif...
computer science
38,106
Serializing the Parallelism in Parallel Communicating Pushdown Automata Systems
cs.FL
We consider parallel communicating pushdown automata systems (PCPA) and define a property called known communication for it. We use this property to prove that the power of a variant of PCPA, called returning centralized parallel communicating pushdown automata (RCPCPA), is equivalent to that of multi-head pushdown aut...
computer science
38,107
Twitter mood predicts the stock market
cs.CE
Behavioral economics tells us that emotions can profoundly affect individual behavior and decision-making. Does this also apply to societies at large, i.e., can societies experience mood states that affect their collective decision making? By extension is the public mood correlated or even predictive of economic indica...
computer science
38,108
Network motifs in music sequences
cs.CL
This paper has been withdrawn by the author because it needs a deep methodological revision.
computer science