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38,009 | Data-Driven Sparse System Identification | cs.SY | In this paper, we study the system identification porblem for sparse linear
time-invariant systems. We propose a sparsity promoting Lasso-type estimator to
identify the dynamics of the system with only a limited number of input-state
data samples. Using contemporary results on high-dimensional statistics, we
prove that... | computer science |
38,010 | Jet Charge and Machine Learning | stat.ML | Modern machine learning techniques, such as convolutional, recurrent and
recursive neural networks, have shown promise for jet substructure at the Large
Hadron Collider. For example, they have demonstrated effectiveness at boosted
top or W boson identification or for quark/gluon discrimination. We explore
these methods... | computer science |
38,011 | Entropy-based closure for probabilistic learning on manifolds | math.PR | In a recent paper, the authors proposed a general methodology for
probabilistic learning on manifolds. The method was used to generate numerical
samples that are statistically consistent with an existing dataset construed as
a realization from a non-Gaussian random vector. The manifold structure is
learned using diffus... | computer science |
38,012 | SUCAG: Stochastic Unbiased Curvature-aided Gradient Method for
Distributed Optimization | math.OC | We propose and analyze a new stochastic gradient method, which we call
Stochastic Unbiased Curvature-aided Gra- dient (SUCAG), for finite sum
optimization problems. SUCAG constitutes an unbiased total gradient tracking
technique that uses Hessian information to accelerate convergence. We an- alyze
our method under the ... | computer science |
38,013 | A Note on Zipf's Law, Natural Languages, and Noncoding DNA regions | cs.CL | In Phys. Rev. Letters (73:2, 5 Dec. 94), Mantegna et al. conclude on the
basis of Zipf rank frequency data that noncoding DNA sequence regions are more
like natural languages than coding regions. We argue on the contrary that an
empirical fit to Zipf's ``law'' cannot be used as a criterion for similarity to
natural lan... | computer science |
38,014 | Beyond the Zipf-Mandelbrot law in quantitative linguistics | cs.CL | In this paper the Zipf-Mandelbrot law is revisited in the context of
linguistics. Despite its widespread popularity the Zipf--Mandelbrot law can
only describe the statistical behaviour of a rather restricted fraction of the
total number of words contained in some given corpus. In particular, we focus
our attention on t... | computer science |
38,015 | Long-range fractal correlations in literary corpora | cs.CL | In this paper we analyse the fractal structure of long human-language records
by mapping large samples of texts onto time series. The particular mapping set
up in this work is inspired on linguistic basis in the sense that is retains
{\em the word} as the fundamental unit of communication. The results confirm
that beyo... | computer science |
38,016 | Autocatalytic Theory of Meaning | cs.CL | Recently it has been argued that autocatalytic theory could be applied to the
origin of culture. Here possible application to a theory of meaning in the
philosophy of language, called radical interpretation, is commented upon and
compared to previous applications. | computer science |
38,017 | Estimation of English and non-English Language Use on the WWW | cs.CL | The World Wide Web has grown so big, in such an anarchic fashion, that it is
difficult to describe. One of the evident intrinsic characteristics of the
World Wide Web is its multilinguality. Here, we present a technique for
estimating the size of a language-specific corpus given the frequency of
commonly occurring word... | computer science |
38,018 | A Formal Framework for Linguistic Annotation (revised version) | cs.CL | `Linguistic annotation' covers any descriptive or analytic notations applied
to raw language data. The basic data may be in the form of time functions -
audio, video and/or physiological recordings - or it may be textual. The added
notations may include transcriptions of all sorts (from phonetic features to
discourse s... | computer science |
38,019 | Towards Solving the Interdisciplinary Language Barrier Problem | cs.CY | This work aims to make it easier for a specialist in one field to find and
explore ideas from another field which may be useful in solving a new problem
arising in his practice. It presents a methodology which serves to represent
the relationships that exist between concepts, problems, and solution patterns
from differ... | computer science |
38,020 | Detecting User Engagement in Everyday Conversations | cs.SD | This paper presents a novel application of speech emotion recognition:
estimation of the level of conversational engagement between users of a voice
communication system. We begin by using machine learning techniques, such as
the support vector machine (SVM), to classify users' emotions as expressed in
individual utter... | computer science |
38,021 | A knowledge-based approach to semi-automatic annotation of multimedia
documents via user adaptation | cs.DL | Current approaches to the annotation process focus on annotation schemas,
languages for annotation, or are very application driven. In this paper it is
proposed that a more flexible architecture for annotation requires a knowledge
component to allow for flexible search and navigation of the annotated
material. In parti... | computer science |
38,022 | An argumentative annotation schema for meeting discussions | cs.CL | In this article, we are interested in the annotation of transcriptions of
human-human dialogue taken from meeting records. We first propose a meeting
content model where conversational acts are interpreted with respect to their
argumentative force and their role in building the argumentative structure of
the meeting di... | computer science |
38,023 | Automatic Keyword Extraction from Spoken Text. A Comparison of two
Lexical Resources: the EDR and WordNet | cs.CL | Lexical resources such as WordNet and the EDR electronic dictionary have been
used in several NLP tasks. Probably, partly due to the fact that the EDR is not
freely available, WordNet has been used far more often than the EDR. We have
used both resources on the same task in order to make a comparison possible.
The task... | computer science |
38,024 | On Hilberg's Law and Its Links with Guiraud's Law | cs.CL | Hilberg (1990) supposed that finite-order excess entropy of a random human
text is proportional to the square root of the text length. Assuming that
Hilberg's hypothesis is true, we derive Guiraud's law, which states that the
number of word types in a text is greater than proportional to the square root
of the text len... | computer science |
38,025 | From semiotics of hypermedia to physics of semiosis: A view from system
theory | cs.HC | Given that theoretical analysis and empirical validation is fundamental to
any model, whether conceptual or formal, it is surprising that these two tools
of scientific discovery are so often ignored in the contemporary studies of
communication. In this paper, we pursued the ideas of a) correcting and
expanding the mode... | computer science |
38,026 | Get out the vote: Determining support or opposition from Congressional
floor-debate transcripts | cs.CL | We investigate whether one can determine from the transcripts of U.S.
Congressional floor debates whether the speeches represent support of or
opposition to proposed legislation. To address this problem, we exploit the
fact that these speeches occur as part of a discussion; this allows us to use
sources of information ... | computer science |
38,027 | Statistical keyword detection in literary corpora | cs.CL | Understanding the complexity of human language requires an appropriate
analysis of the statistical distribution of words in texts. We consider the
information retrieval problem of detecting and ranking the relevant words of a
text by means of statistical information referring to the "spatial" use of the
words. Shannon'... | computer science |
38,028 | On vocabulary size of grammar-based codes | cs.IT | We discuss inequalities holding between the vocabulary size, i.e., the number
of distinct nonterminal symbols in a grammar-based compression for a string,
and the excess length of the respective universal code, i.e., the code-based
analog of algorithmic mutual information. The aim is to strengthen inequalities
which we... | computer science |
38,029 | Reconstruction of Protein-Protein Interaction Pathways by Mining
Subject-Verb-Objects Intermediates | cs.IR | The exponential increase in publication rate of new articles is limiting
access of researchers to relevant literature. This has prompted the use of text
mining tools to extract key biological information. Previous studies have
reported extensive modification of existing generic text processors to process
biological tex... | computer science |
38,030 | Toward a statistical mechanics of four letter words | cs.CL | We consider words as a network of interacting letters, and approximate the
probability distribution of states taken on by this network. Despite the
intuition that the rules of English spelling are highly combinatorial (and
arbitrary), we find that maximum entropy models consistent with pairwise
correlations among lette... | computer science |
38,031 | Computational approach to the emergence and evolution of language -
evolutionary naming game model | cs.CL | Computational modelling with multi-agent systems is becoming an important
technique of studying language evolution. We present a brief introduction into
this rapidly developing field, as well as our own contributions that include an
analysis of the evolutionary naming-game model. In this model communicating
agents, tha... | computer science |
38,032 | Hubs in Languages: Scale Free Networks of Synonyms | cs.CL | Natural languages are described in this paper in terms of networks of
synonyms: a word is identified with a node, and synonyms are connected by
undirected links. Our statistical analysis of the network of synonyms in Polish
language showed it is scale-free; similar to what is known for English. The
statistical properti... | computer science |
38,033 | Equilibrium (Zipf) and Dynamic (Grasseberg-Procaccia) method based
analyses of human texts. A comparison of natural (english) and artificial
(esperanto) languages | cs.CL | A comparison of two english texts from Lewis Carroll, one (Alice in
wonderland), also translated into esperanto, the other (Through a looking
glass) are discussed in order to observe whether natural and artificial
languages significantly differ from each other. One dimensional time series
like signals are constructed u... | computer science |
38,034 | La fiabilité des informations sur le web | cs.IR | Online IR tools have to take into account new phenomena linked to the
appearance of blogs, wiki and other collaborative publications. Among these
collaborative sites, Wikipedia represents a crucial source of information.
However, the quality of this information has been recently questionned. A
better knowledge of the c... | computer science |
38,035 | Managing conflicts between users in Wikipedia | cs.IR | Wikipedia is nowadays a widely used encyclopedia, and one of the most visible
sites on the Internet. Its strong principle of collaborative work and free
editing sometimes generates disputes due to disagreements between users. In
this article we study how the wikipedian community resolves the conflicts and
which roles d... | computer science |
38,036 | Formal semantics of language and the Richard-Berry paradox | cs.CL | The classical logical antinomy known as Richard-Berry paradox is combined
with plausible assumptions about the size i.e. the descriptional complexity of
Turing machines formalizing certain sentences, to show that formalization of
language leads to contradiction. | computer science |
38,037 | On the nature of long-range letter correlations in texts | cs.CL | The origin of long-range letter correlations in natural texts is studied
using random walk analysis and Jensen-Shannon divergence. It is concluded that
they result from slow variations in letter frequency distribution, which are a
consequence of slow variations in lexical composition within the text. These
correlations... | computer science |
38,038 | Beyond word frequency: Bursts, lulls, and scaling in the temporal
distributions of words | cs.CL | Background: Zipf's discovery that word frequency distributions obey a power
law established parallels between biological and physical processes, and
language, laying the groundwork for a complex systems perspective on human
communication. More recent research has also identified scaling regularities in
the dynamics und... | computer science |
38,039 | Extracting Spooky-activation-at-a-distance from Considerations of
Entanglement | cs.CL | Following an early claim by Nelson & McEvoy \cite{Nelson:McEvoy:2007}
suggesting that word associations can display `spooky action at a distance
behaviour', a serious investigation of the potentially quantum nature of such
associations is currently underway. This paper presents a simple quantum model
of a word associat... | computer science |
38,040 | On the Entropy of Written Spanish | cs.CL | This paper reports on results on the entropy of the Spanish language. They
are based on an analysis of natural language for n-word symbols (n = 1 to 18),
trigrams, digrams, and characters. The results obtained in this work are based
on the analysis of twelve different literary works in Spanish, as well as a
279917 word... | computer science |
38,041 | Language Diversity across the Consonant Inventories: A Study in the
Framework of Complex Networks | cs.CL | n this paper, we attempt to explain the emergence of the linguistic diversity
that exists across the consonant inventories of some of the major language
families of the world through a complex network based growth model. There is
only a single parameter for this model that is meant to introduce a small
amount of random... | computer science |
38,042 | Automated languages phylogeny from Levenshtein distance | cs.CL | Languages evolve over time in a process in which reproduction, mutation and
extinction are all possible, similar to what happens to living organisms. Using
this similarity it is possible, in principle, to build family trees which show
the degree of relatedness between languages.
The method used by modern glottochrono... | computer science |
38,043 | Automated words stability and languages phylogeny | cs.CL | The idea of measuring distance between languages seems to have its roots in
the work of the French explorer Dumont D'Urville (D'Urville 1832). He collected
comparative words lists of various languages during his voyages aboard the
Astrolabe from 1826 to1829 and, in his work about the geographical division of
the Pacifi... | computer science |
38,044 | Measuring the Meaning of Words in Contexts: An automated analysis of
controversies about Monarch butterflies, Frankenfoods, and stem cells | cs.CL | Co-words have been considered as carriers of meaning across different domains
in studies of science, technology, and society. Words and co-words, however,
obtain meaning in sentences, and sentences obtain meaning in their contexts of
use. At the science/society interface, words can be expected to have different
meaning... | computer science |
38,045 | Statistical Physics for Natural Language Processing | cs.CL | This paper has been withdrawn by the author. | computer science |
38,046 | Network analysis of a corpus of undeciphered Indus civilization
inscriptions indicates syntactic organization | cs.CL | Archaeological excavations in the sites of the Indus Valley civilization
(2500-1900 BCE) in Pakistan and northwestern India have unearthed a large
number of artifacts with inscriptions made up of hundreds of distinct signs. To
date there is no generally accepted decipherment of these sign sequences and
there have been ... | computer science |
38,047 | The probabilistic analysis of language acquisition: Theoretical,
computational, and experimental analysis | cs.CL | There is much debate over the degree to which language learning is governed
by innate language-specific biases, or acquired through cognition-general
principles. Here we examine the probabilistic language acquisition hypothesis
on three levels: We outline a novel theoretical result showing that it is
possible to learn ... | computer science |
38,048 | Minimization Strategies for Maximally Parallel Multiset Rewriting
Systems | cs.FL | Maximally parallel multiset rewriting systems (MPMRS) give a convenient way
to express relations between unstructured objects. The functioning of various
computational devices may be expressed in terms of MPMRS (e.g., register
machines and many variants of P systems). In particular, this means that MPMRS
are computatio... | computer science |
38,049 | Matrix Insertion-Deletion Systems | cs.FL | In this article, we consider for the first time the operations of insertion
and deletion working in a matrix controlled manner. We show that, similarly as
in the case of context-free productions, the computational power is strictly
increased when using a matrix control: computational completeness can be
obtained by sys... | computer science |
38,050 | Happiness is assortative in online social networks | cs.SI | Social networks tend to disproportionally favor connections between
individuals with either similar or dissimilar characteristics. This propensity,
referred to as assortative mixing or homophily, is expressed as the correlation
between attribute values of nearest neighbour vertices in a graph. Recent
results indicate t... | computer science |
38,051 | Incremental dimension reduction of tensors with random index | cs.DS | We present an incremental, scalable and efficient dimension reduction
technique for tensors that is based on sparse random linear coding. Data is
stored in a compactified representation with fixed size, which makes memory
requirements low and predictable. Component encoding and decoding are performed
on-line without co... | computer science |
38,052 | Mixing, Ergodic, and Nonergodic Processes with Rapidly Growing
Information between Blocks | cs.IT | We construct mixing processes over an infinite alphabet and ergodic processes
over a finite alphabet for which Shannon mutual information between adjacent
blocks of length $n$ grows as $n^\beta$, where $\beta\in(0,1)$. The processes
are a modification of nonergodic Santa Fe processes, which were introduced in
the conte... | computer science |
38,053 | On the accuracy of language trees | cs.CL | Historical linguistics aims at inferring the most likely language
phylogenetic tree starting from information concerning the evolutionary
relatedness of languages. The available information are typically lists of
homologous (lexical, phonological, syntactic) features or characters for many
different languages.
From t... | computer science |
38,054 | Excess entropy in natural language: present state and perspectives | cs.IT | We review recent progress in understanding the meaning of mutual information
in natural language. Let us define words in a text as strings that occur
sufficiently often. In a few previous papers, we have shown that a power-law
distribution for so defined words (a.k.a. Herdan's law) is obeyed if there is a
similar power... | computer science |
38,055 | A sentiment analysis of Singapore Presidential Election 2011 using
Twitter data with census correction | stat.AP | Sentiment analysis is a new area in text analytics where it focuses on the
analysis and understanding of the emotions from the text patterns. This new
form of analysis has been widely adopted in customer relation management
especially in the context of complaint management. With increasing level of
interest in this tec... | computer science |
38,056 | Emotional Analysis of Blogs and Forums Data | cs.CL | We perform a statistical analysis of emotionally annotated comments in two
large online datasets, examining chains of consecutive posts in the
discussions. Using comparisons with randomised data we show that there is a
high level of correlation for the emotional content of messages. | computer science |
38,057 | Towards cross-lingual alerting for bursty epidemic events | cs.CL | Background: Online news reports are increasingly becoming a source for event
based early warning systems that detect natural disasters. Harnessing the
massive volume of information available from multilingual newswire presents as
many challenges as opportunities due to the patterns of reporting complex
spatiotemporal e... | computer science |
38,058 | OMG U got flu? Analysis of shared health messages for bio-surveillance | cs.CL | Background: Micro-blogging services such as Twitter offer the potential to
crowdsource epidemics in real-time. However, Twitter posts ('tweets') are often
ambiguous and reactive to media trends. In order to ground user messages in
epidemic response we focused on tracking reports of self-protective behaviour
such as avo... | computer science |
38,059 | What's unusual in online disease outbreak news? | cs.CL | Background: Accurate and timely detection of public health events of
international concern is necessary to help support risk assessment and response
and save lives. Novel event-based methods that use the World Wide Web as a
signal source offer potential to extend health surveillance into areas where
traditional indicat... | computer science |
38,060 | Syndromic classification of Twitter messages | cs.CL | Recent studies have shown strong correlation between social networking data
and national influenza rates. We expanded upon this success to develop an
automated text mining system that classifies Twitter messages in real time into
six syndromic categories based on key terms from a public health ontology.
10-fold cross v... | computer science |
38,061 | Positive words carry less information than negative words | cs.CL | We show that the frequency of word use is not only determined by the word
length \cite{Zipf1935} and the average information content
\cite{Piantadosi2011}, but also by its emotional content. We have analyzed
three established lexica of affective word usage in English, German, and
Spanish, to verify that these lexica ha... | computer science |
38,062 | Entropy-growth-based model of emotionally charged online dialogues | cs.CL | We analyze emotionally annotated massive data from IRC (Internet Relay Chat)
and model the dialogues between its participants by assuming that the driving
force for the discussion is the entropy growth of emotional probability
distribution. This process is claimed to be correlated to the emergence of the
power-law dist... | computer science |
38,063 | Statistical analysis of emotions and opinions at Digg website | cs.CL | We performed statistical analysis on data from the Digg.com website, which
enables its users to express their opinion on news stories by taking part in
forum-like discussions as well as directly evaluate previous posts and stories
by assigning so called "diggs". Owing to fact that the content of each post has
been anno... | computer science |
38,064 | Variable types for meaning assembly: a logical syntax for generic noun
phrases introduced by most | math.LO | This paper proposes a way to compute the meanings associated with sentences
with generic noun phrases corresponding to the generalized quantifier most. We
call these generics specimens and they resemble stereotypes or prototypes in
lexical semantics. The meanings are viewed as logical formulae that can
thereafter be in... | computer science |
38,065 | Do Linguistic Style and Readability of Scientific Abstracts affect their
Virality? | cs.SI | Reactions to textual content posted in an online social network show
different dynamics depending on the linguistic style and readability of the
submitted content. Do similar dynamics exist for responses to scientific
articles? Our intuition, supported by previous research, suggests that the
success of a scientific art... | computer science |
38,066 | Semi-Automatically Extracting FAQs to Improve Accessibility of Software
Development Knowledge | cs.SE | Frequently asked questions (FAQs) are a popular way to document software
development knowledge. As creating such documents is expensive, this paper
presents an approach for automatically extracting FAQs from sources of software
development discussion, such as mailing lists and Internet forums, by combining
techniques o... | computer science |
38,067 | Exploring Text Virality in Social Networks | cs.CL | This paper aims to shed some light on the concept of virality - especially in
social networks - and to provide new insights on its structure. We argue that:
(a) virality is a phenomenon strictly connected to the nature of the content
being spread, rather than to the influencers who spread it, (b) virality is a
phenomen... | computer science |
38,068 | Intelligent Interface Architectures for Folksonomy Driven Structure
Network | cs.HC | The folksonomy is the result of free personal information or assignment of
tags to an object (determined by the URI) in order to find them. The practice
of tagging is done in a collective environment. Folksonomies are self
constructed, based on co-occurrence of definitions, rather than a hierarchical
structure of the d... | computer science |
38,069 | You had me at hello: How phrasing affects memorability | cs.CL | Understanding the ways in which information achieves widespread public
awareness is a research question of significant interest. We consider whether,
and how, the way in which the information is phrased --- the choice of words
and sentence structure --- can affect this process. To this end, we develop an
analysis frame... | computer science |
38,070 | A practical approach to language complexity: a Wikipedia case study | cs.CL | In this paper we present statistical analysis of English texts from
Wikipedia. We try to address the issue of language complexity empirically by
comparing the simple English Wikipedia (Simple) to comparable samples of the
main English Wikipedia (Main). Simple is supposed to use a more simplified
language with a limited... | computer science |
38,071 | Estimating the Prevalence of Deception in Online Review Communities | cs.SI | Consumers' purchase decisions are increasingly influenced by user-generated
online reviews. Accordingly, there has been growing concern about the potential
for posting "deceptive opinion spam" -- fictitious reviews that have been
deliberately written to sound authentic, to deceive the reader. But while this
practice ha... | computer science |
38,072 | A Computational Analysis of Collective Discourse | cs.SI | This paper is focused on the computational analysis of collective discourse,
a collective behavior seen in non-expert content contributions in online social
media. We collect and analyze a wide range of real-world collective discourse
datasets from movie user reviews to microblogs and news headlines to scientific
citat... | computer science |
38,073 | Towards Real-Time Summarization of Scheduled Events from Twitter Streams | cs.IR | This paper explores the real-time summarization of scheduled events such as
soccer games from torrential flows of Twitter streams. We propose and evaluate
an approach that substantially shrinks the stream of tweets in real-time, and
consists of two steps: (i) sub-event detection, which determines if something
new has o... | computer science |
38,074 | Your Two Weeks of Fame and Your Grandmother's | cs.DL | Did celebrity last longer in 1929, 1992 or 2009? We investigate the
phenomenon of fame by mining a collection of news articles that spans the
twentieth century, and also perform a side study on a collection of blog posts
from the last 10 years. By analyzing mentions of personal names, we measure
each person's time in t... | computer science |
38,075 | "I Wanted to Predict Elections with Twitter and all I got was this Lousy
Paper" -- A Balanced Survey on Election Prediction using Twitter Data | cs.CY | Predicting X from Twitter is a popular fad within the Twitter research
subculture. It seems both appealing and relatively easy. Among such kind of
studies, electoral prediction is maybe the most attractive, and at this moment
there is a growing body of literature on such a topic. This is not only an
interesting researc... | computer science |
38,076 | Leveraging Subjective Human Annotation for Clustering Historic Newspaper
Articles | cs.IR | The New York Public Library is participating in the Chronicling America
initiative to develop an online searchable database of historically significant
newspaper articles. Microfilm copies of the newspapers are scanned and high
resolution Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software is run on them. The
text from the OC... | computer science |
38,077 | Information content versus word length in random typing | cs.CL | Recently, it has been claimed that a linear relationship between a measure of
information content and word length is expected from word length optimization
and it has been shown that this linearity is supported by a strong correlation
between information content and word length in many languages (Piantadosi et
al. 2011... | computer science |
38,078 | Multi-Level Modeling of Quotation Families Morphogenesis | cs.CY | This paper investigates cultural dynamics in social media by examining the
proliferation and diversification of clearly-cut pieces of content: quoted
texts. In line with the pioneering work of Leskovec et al. and Simmons et al.
on memes dynamics we investigate in deep the transformations that quotations
published onlin... | computer science |
38,079 | Adaptation of fictional and online conversations to communication media | cs.CL | Conversations allow the quick transfer of short bits of information and it is
reasonable to expect that changes in communication medium affect how we
converse. Using conversations in works of fiction and in an online social
networking platform, we show that the utterance length of conversations is
slowly shortening wit... | computer science |
38,080 | Meaning-focused and Quantum-inspired Information Retrieval | cs.IR | In recent years, quantum-based methods have promisingly integrated the
traditional procedures in information retrieval (IR) and natural language
processing (NLP). Inspired by our research on the identification and
application of quantum structures in cognition, more specifically our work on
the representation of concep... | computer science |
38,081 | Hubiness, length, crossings and their relationships in dependency trees | cs.CL | Here tree dependency structures are studied from three different
perspectives: their degree variance (hubiness), the mean dependency length and
the number of dependency crossings. Bounds that reveal pairwise dependencies
among these three metrics are derived. Hubiness (the variance of degrees) plays
a central role: the... | computer science |
38,082 | Towards a Formal Distributional Semantics: Simulating Logical Calculi
with Tensors | math.LO | The development of compositional distributional models of semantics
reconciling the empirical aspects of distributional semantics with the
compositional aspects of formal semantics is a popular topic in the
contemporary literature. This paper seeks to bring this reconciliation one step
further by showing how the mathem... | computer science |
38,083 | The Quantum Challenge in Concept Theory and Natural Language Processing | cs.CL | The mathematical formalism of quantum theory has been successfully used in
human cognition to model decision processes and to deliver representations of
human knowledge. As such, quantum cognition inspired tools have improved
technologies for Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval. In this
paper, we over... | computer science |
38,084 | Discriminating word senses with tourist walks in complex networks | cs.CL | Patterns of topological arrangement are widely used for both animal and human
brains in the learning process. Nevertheless, automatic learning techniques
frequently overlook these patterns. In this paper, we apply a learning
technique based on the structural organization of the data in the attribute
space to the proble... | computer science |
38,085 | A Computational Approach to Politeness with Application to Social
Factors | cs.CL | We propose a computational framework for identifying linguistic aspects of
politeness. Our starting point is a new corpus of requests annotated for
politeness, which we use to evaluate aspects of politeness theory and to
uncover new interactions between politeness markers and context. These findings
guide our construct... | computer science |
38,086 | The DeLiVerMATH project - Text analysis in mathematics | cs.CL | A high-quality content analysis is essential for retrieval functionalities
but the manual extraction of key phrases and classification is expensive.
Natural language processing provides a framework to automatize the process.
Here, a machine-based approach for the content analysis of mathematical texts
is described. A p... | computer science |
38,087 | Demographic growth and the distribution of language sizes | cs.CL | It is argued that the present log-normal distribution of language sizes is,
to a large extent, a consequence of demographic dynamics within the population
of speakers of each language. A two-parameter stochastic multiplicative process
is proposed as a model for the population dynamics of individual languages, and
appli... | computer science |
38,088 | Linguistic Information Energy | cs.CL | In this treatment a text is considered to be a series of word impulses which
are read at a constant rate. The brain then assembles these units of
information into higher units of meaning. A classical systems approach is used
to model an initial part of this assembly process. The concepts of linguistic
system response, ... | computer science |
38,089 | On the Vocabulary of Grammar-Based Codes and the Logical Consistency of
Texts | cs.IT | The article presents a new interpretation for Zipf-Mandelbrot's law in
natural language which rests on two areas of information theory. Firstly, we
construct a new class of grammar-based codes and, secondly, we investigate
properties of strongly nonergodic stationary processes. The motivation for the
joint discussion i... | computer science |
38,090 | Language structure in the n-object naming game | cs.CL | We examine a naming game with two agents trying to establish a common
vocabulary for n objects. Such efforts lead to the emergence of language that
allows for an efficient communication and exhibits some degree of homonymy and
synonymy. Although homonymy reduces the communication efficiency, it seems to
be a dynamical ... | computer science |
38,091 | Computational modelling of evolution: ecosystems and language | cs.CL | Recently, computational modelling became a very important research tool that
enables us to study problems that for decades evaded scientific analysis.
Evolutionary systems are certainly examples of such problems: they are composed
of many units that might reproduce, diffuse, mutate, die, or in some cases for
example co... | computer science |
38,092 | The meta book and size-dependent properties of written language | cs.CL | Evidence is given for a systematic text-length dependence of the power-law
index gamma of a single book. The estimated gamma values are consistent with a
monotonic decrease from 2 to 1 with increasing length of a text. A direct
connection to an extended Heap's law is explored. The infinite book limit is,
as a consequen... | computer science |
38,093 | Naming Game on Adaptive Weighted Networks | cs.CL | We examine a naming game on an adaptive weighted network. A weight of
connection for a given pair of agents depends on their communication success
rate and determines the probability with which the agents communicate. In some
cases, depending on the parameters of the model, the preference toward
successfully communicat... | computer science |
38,094 | Science Fiction as a Worldwide Phenomenon: A Study of International
Creation, Consumption and Dissemination | cs.DL | This paper examines the international nature of science fiction. The focus of
this research is to determine whether science fiction is primarily English
speaking and Western or global; being created and consumed by people in
non-Western, non-English speaking countries? Science fiction's international
presence was found... | computer science |
38,095 | The Royal Birth of 2013: Analysing and Visualising Public Sentiment in
the UK Using Twitter | cs.CL | Analysis of information retrieved from microblogging services such as Twitter
can provide valuable insight into public sentiment in a geographic region. This
insight can be enriched by visualising information in its geographic context.
Two underlying approaches for sentiment analysis are dictionary-based and
machine le... | computer science |
38,096 | Exploratory Analysis of Highly Heterogeneous Document Collections | cs.CL | We present an effective multifaceted system for exploratory analysis of
highly heterogeneous document collections. Our system is based on intelligently
tagging individual documents in a purely automated fashion and exploiting these
tags in a powerful faceted browsing framework. Tagging strategies employed
include both ... | computer science |
38,097 | A Secure and Comparable Text Encryption Algorithm | cs.CR | This paper discloses a simple algorithm for encrypting text messages, based
on the NP-completeness of the subset sum problem, such that the similarity
between encryptions is roughly proportional to the semantic similarity between
their generating messages. This allows parties to compare encrypted messages
for semantic ... | computer science |
38,098 | Natural Language Web Interface for Database (NLWIDB) | cs.CL | It is a long term desire of the computer users to minimize the communication
gap between the computer and a human. On the other hand, almost all ICT
applications store information in to databases and retrieve from them.
Retrieving information from the database requires knowledge of technical
languages such as Structure... | computer science |
38,099 | Can inferred provenance and its visualisation be used to detect
erroneous annotation? A case study using UniProtKB | cs.CL | A constant influx of new data poses a challenge in keeping the annotation in
biological databases current. Most biological databases contain significant
quantities of textual annotation, which often contains the richest source of
knowledge. Many databases reuse existing knowledge, during the curation process
annotation... | computer science |
38,100 | Sentiment in New York City: A High Resolution Spatial and Temporal View | cs.CL | Measuring public sentiment is a key task for researchers and policymakers
alike. The explosion of available social media data allows for a more
time-sensitive and geographically specific analysis than ever before. In this
paper we analyze data from the micro-blogging site Twitter and generate a
sentiment map of New Yor... | computer science |
38,101 | Acronym-Meaning Extraction from Corpora Using Multi-Tape Weighted
Finite-State Machines | cs.CL | The automatic extraction of acronyms and their meaning from corpora is an
important sub-task of text mining. It can be seen as a special case of string
alignment, where a text chunk is aligned with an acronym. Alternative
alignments have different cost, and ideally the least costly one should give
the correct meaning o... | computer science |
38,102 | Viterbi Algorithm Generalized for n-Tape Best-Path Search | cs.CL | We present a generalization of the Viterbi algorithm for identifying the path
with minimal (resp. maximal) weight in a n-tape weighted finite-state machine
(n-WFSM), that accepts a given n-tuple of input strings (s_1,... s_n). It also
allows us to compile the best transduction of a given input n-tuple by a
weighted (n+... | computer science |
38,103 | Thermodynamics of Information Retrieval | cs.IT | In this work, we suggest a parameterized statistical model (the gamma
distribution) for the frequency of word occurrences in long strings of English
text and use this model to build a corresponding thermodynamic picture by
constructing the partition function. We then use our partition function to
compute thermodynamic ... | computer science |
38,104 | How opinions are received by online communities: A case study on
Amazon.com helpfulness votes | cs.CL | There are many on-line settings in which users publicly express opinions. A
number of these offer mechanisms for other users to evaluate these opinions; a
canonical example is Amazon.com, where reviews come with annotations like "26
of 32 people found the following review helpful." Opinion evaluation appears in
many of... | computer science |
38,105 | Towards the quantification of the semantic information encoded in
written language | cs.CL | Written language is a complex communication signal capable of conveying
information encoded in the form of ordered sequences of words. Beyond the local
order ruled by grammar, semantic and thematic structures affect long-range
patterns in word usage. Here, we show that a direct application of information
theory quantif... | computer science |
38,106 | Serializing the Parallelism in Parallel Communicating Pushdown Automata
Systems | cs.FL | We consider parallel communicating pushdown automata systems (PCPA) and
define a property called known communication for it. We use this property to
prove that the power of a variant of PCPA, called returning centralized
parallel communicating pushdown automata (RCPCPA), is equivalent to that of
multi-head pushdown aut... | computer science |
38,107 | Twitter mood predicts the stock market | cs.CE | Behavioral economics tells us that emotions can profoundly affect individual
behavior and decision-making. Does this also apply to societies at large, i.e.,
can societies experience mood states that affect their collective decision
making? By extension is the public mood correlated or even predictive of
economic indica... | computer science |
38,108 | Network motifs in music sequences | cs.CL | This paper has been withdrawn by the author because it needs a deep
methodological revision. | computer science |
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