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38,410
Continuous Representation of Location for Geolocation and Lexical Dialectology using Mixture Density Networks
cs.CL
We propose a method for embedding two-dimensional locations in a continuous vector space using a neural network-based model incorporating mixtures of Gaussian distributions, presenting two model variants for text-based geolocation and lexical dialectology. Evaluated over Twitter data, the proposed model outperforms con...
computer science
38,411
Discovering Political Topics in Facebook Discussion threads with Spectral Contextualization
stat.AP
We propose a new technique, Spectral Contextualization, to study political engagement on Facebook during the 2012 French presidential election. In particular, we examine the Facebook posts of the eight leading candidates and the comments beneath these posts. We find evidence of both (i) candidate-centered structure, wh...
computer science
38,412
A dependency look at the reality of constituency
cs.CL
A comment on "Neurophysiological dynamics of phrase-structure building during sentence processing" by Nelson et al (2017), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 114(18), E3669-E3678.
computer science
38,413
Making "fetch" happen: The influence of social and linguistic context on nonstandard word growth and decline
cs.CL
In an online community, new words come and go: today's "haha" may be replaced by tomorrow's "lol." Changes in online writing are usually studied as a social process, with innovations diffusing through a network of individuals in a speech community. But unlike other types of innovation, language change is shaped and con...
computer science
38,414
Composition by Conversation
cs.SD
Most musical programming languages are developed purely for coding virtual instruments or algorithmic compositions. Although there has been some work in the domain of musical query languages for music information retrieval, there has been little attempt to unify the principles of musical programming and query languages...
computer science
38,415
Matrix and Graph Operations for Relationship Inference: An Illustration with the Kinship Inference in the China Biographical Database
cs.DL
Biographical databases contain diverse information about individuals. Person names, birth information, career, friends, family and special achievements are some possible items in the record for an individual. The relationships between individuals, such as kinship and friendship, provide invaluable insights about hidden...
computer science
38,416
Social Media Text Processing and Semantic Analysis for Smart Cities
cs.SI
With the rise of Social Media, people obtain and share information almost instantly on a 24/7 basis. Many research areas have tried to gain valuable insights from these large volumes of freely available user generated content. With the goal of extracting knowledge from social media streams that might be useful in the...
computer science
38,417
Analyzing users' sentiment towards popular consumer industries and brands on Twitter
cs.CL
Social media serves as a unified platform for users to express their thoughts on subjects ranging from their daily lives to their opinion on consumer brands and products. These users wield an enormous influence in shaping the opinions of other consumers and influence brand perception, brand loyalty and brand advocacy. ...
computer science
38,418
Inference of Personal Attributes from Tweets Using Machine Learning
cs.CY
Using machine learning algorithms, including deep learning, we studied the prediction of personal attributes from the text of tweets, such as gender, occupation, and age groups. We applied word2vec to construct word vectors, which were then used to vectorize tweet blocks. The resulting tweet vectors were used as inputs...
computer science
38,419
The Dependence of Frequency Distributions on Multiple Meanings of Words, Codes and Signs
cs.CL
The dependence of the frequency distributions due to multiple meanings of words in a text is investigated by deleting letters. By coding the words with fewer letters the number of meanings per coded word increases. This increase is measured and used as an input in a predictive theory. For a text written in English, the...
computer science
38,420
Sentiment Perception of Readers and Writers in Emoji use
cs.IR
Previous research has traditionally analyzed emoji sentiment from the point of view of the reader of the content not the author. Here, we analyze emoji sentiment from the point of view of the author and present a emoji sentiment benchmark that was built from an employee happiness dataset where emoji happen to be annota...
computer science
38,421
A Neural Clickbait Detection Engine
cs.IR
In an age where people are becoming increasing likely to trust information found through online media, journalists have begun employing techniques to lure readers to articles by using catchy headlines, called clickbait. These headlines entice the user into clicking through the article whilst not providing information r...
computer science
38,422
The DIRHA-English corpus and related tasks for distant-speech recognition in domestic environments
eess.AS
This paper introduces the contents and the possible usage of the DIRHA-ENGLISH multi-microphone corpus, recently realized under the EC DIRHA project. The reference scenario is a domestic environment equipped with a large number of microphones and microphone arrays distributed in space. The corpus is composed of both ...
computer science
38,423
Contaminated speech training methods for robust DNN-HMM distant speech recognition
eess.AS
Despite the significant progress made in the last years, state-of-the-art speech recognition technologies provide a satisfactory performance only in the close-talking condition. Robustness of distant speech recognition in adverse acoustic conditions, on the other hand, remains a crucial open issue for future applicatio...
computer science
38,424
A Computational Framework for Multi-Modal Social Action Identification
cs.SI
We create a computational framework for understanding social action and demonstrate how this framework can be used to build an open-source event detection tool with scalable statistical machine learning algorithms and a subsampled database of over 600 million geo-tagged Tweets from around the world. These Tweets were c...
computer science
38,425
BridgeNets: Student-Teacher Transfer Learning Based on Recursive Neural Networks and its Application to Distant Speech Recognition
cs.CL
Despite the remarkable progress achieved on automatic speech recognition, recognizing far-field speeches mixed with various noise sources is still a challenging task. In this paper, we introduce novel student-teacher transfer learning, BridgeNet which can provide a solution to improve distant speech recognition. There ...
computer science
38,426
Digitising Cultural Complexity: Representing Rich Cultural Data in a Big Data environment
cs.CL
One of the major terminological forces driving ICT integration in research today is that of "big data." While the phrase sounds inclusive and integrative, "big data" approaches are highly selective, excluding input that cannot be effectively structured, represented, or digitised. Data of this complex sort is precisely ...
computer science
38,427
Recurrent Neural Networks as Weighted Language Recognizers
cs.FL
We investigate the computational complexity of various problems for simple recurrent neural networks (RNNs) as formal models for recognizing weighted languages. We focus on the single-layer, ReLU-activation, rational-weight RNNs with softmax, which are commonly used in natural language processing applications. We show ...
computer science
38,428
The Cultural Evolution of National Constitutions
cs.SI
We explore how ideas from infectious disease and genetics can be used to uncover patterns of cultural inheritance and innovation in a corpus of 591 national constitutions spanning 1789 - 2008. Legal "Ideas" are encoded as "topics" - words statistically linked in documents - derived from topic modeling the corpus of con...
computer science
38,429
Unsupervised Adaptation with Domain Separation Networks for Robust Speech Recognition
cs.CL
Unsupervised domain adaptation of speech signal aims at adapting a well-trained source-domain acoustic model to the unlabeled data from target domain. This can be achieved by adversarial training of deep neural network (DNN) acoustic models to learn an intermediate deep representation that is both senone-discriminative...
computer science
38,430
Graph Centrality Measures for Boosting Popularity-Based Entity Linking
cs.CL
Many Entity Linking systems use collective graph-based methods to disambiguate the entity mentions within a document. Most of them have focused on graph construction and initial weighting of the candidate entities, less attention has been devoted to compare the graph ranking algorithms. In this work, we focus on the gr...
computer science
38,431
EmTaggeR: A Word Embedding Based Novel Method for Hashtag Recommendation on Twitter
cs.CL
The hashtag recommendation problem addresses recommending (suggesting) one or more hashtags to explicitly tag a post made on a given social network platform, based upon the content and context of the post. In this work, we propose a novel methodology for hashtag recommendation for microblog posts, specifically Twitter....
computer science
38,432
Comparative analysis of criteria for filtering time series of word usage frequencies
stat.ME
This paper describes a method of nonlinear wavelet thresholding of time series. The Ramachandran-Ranganathan runs test is used to assess the quality of approximation. To minimize the objective function, it is proposed to use genetic algorithms - one of the stochastic optimization methods. The suggested method is tested...
computer science
38,433
Learning Spontaneity to Improve Emotion Recognition In Speech
eess.AS
We investigate the effect and usefulness of spontaneity in speech (i.e. whether a given speech data is spontaneous or not) in the context of emotion recognition. We hypothesize that emotional content in speech is interrelated with its spontaneity, and thus propose to use spontaneity classification as an auxiliary task ...
computer science
38,434
A Novel Approach for Effective Learning in Low Resourced Scenarios
cs.CL
Deep learning based discriminative methods, being the state-of-the-art machine learning techniques, are ill-suited for learning from lower amounts of data. In this paper, we propose a novel framework, called simultaneous two sample learning (s2sL), to effectively learn the class discriminative characteristics, even fro...
computer science
38,435
Deep Learning for Distant Speech Recognition
cs.CL
Deep learning is an emerging technology that is considered one of the most promising directions for reaching higher levels of artificial intelligence. Among the other achievements, building computers that understand speech represents a crucial leap towards intelligent machines. Despite the great efforts of the past dec...
computer science
38,436
Emo, Love, and God: Making Sense of Urban Dictionary, a Crowd-Sourced Online Dictionary
cs.CL
The Internet facilitates large-scale collaborative projects. The emergence of Web~2.0 platforms, where producers and consumers of content unify, has drastically changed the information market. On the one hand, the promise of the "wisdom of the crowd" has inspired successful projects such as Wikipedia, which has become ...
computer science
38,437
The origins of Zipf's meaning-frequency law
cs.CL
In his pioneering research, G. K. Zipf observed that more frequent words tend to have more meanings, and showed that the number of meanings of a word grows as the square root of its frequency. He derived this relationship from two assumptions: that words follow Zipf's law for word frequencies (a power law dependency be...
computer science
38,438
Exploring Architectures, Data and Units For Streaming End-to-End Speech Recognition with RNN-Transducer
cs.CL
We investigate training end-to-end speech recognition models with the recurrent neural network transducer (RNN-T): a streaming, all-neural, sequence-to-sequence architecture which jointly learns acoustic and language model components from transcribed acoustic data. We explore various model architectures and demonstrate...
computer science
38,439
Topical Stance Detection for Twitter: A Two-Phase LSTM Model Using Attention
cs.CL
The topical stance detection problem addresses detecting the stance of the text content with respect to a given topic: whether the sentiment of the given text content is in FAVOR of (positive), is AGAINST (negative), or is NONE (neutral) towards the given topic. Using the concept of attention, we develop a two-phase so...
computer science
38,440
Detecting Offensive Language in Tweets Using Deep Learning
cs.CL
This paper addresses the important problem of discerning hateful content in social media. We propose a detection scheme that is an ensemble of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) classifiers, and it incorporates various features associated with user-related information, such as the users' tendency towards racism or sexism. ...
computer science
38,441
Grounded Language Understanding for Manipulation Instructions Using GAN-Based Classification
cs.RO
The target task of this study is grounded language understanding for domestic service robots (DSRs). In particular, we focus on instruction understanding for short sentences where verbs are missing. This task is of critical importance to build communicative DSRs because manipulation is essential for DSRs. Existing inst...
computer science
38,442
Automatic Detection of Cyberbullying in Social Media Text
cs.CL
While social media offer great communication opportunities, they also increase the vulnerability of young people to threatening situations online. Recent studies report that cyberbullying constitutes a growing problem among youngsters. Successful prevention depends on the adequate detection of potentially harmful messa...
computer science
38,443
Deep Learning for Detecting Cyberbullying Across Multiple Social Media Platforms
cs.IR
Harassment by cyberbullies is a significant phenomenon on the social media. Existing works for cyberbullying detection have at least one of the following three bottlenecks. First, they target only one particular social media platform (SMP). Second, they address just one topic of cyberbullying. Third, they rely on caref...
computer science
38,444
Empirical observations of ultraslow diffusion driven by the fractional dynamics in languages: Dynamical statistical properties of word counts of already popular words
cs.CL
Ultraslow diffusion (i.e. logarithmic diffusion) has been extensively studied theoretically, but has hardly been observed empirically. In this paper, firstly, we find the ultraslow-like diffusion of the time-series of word counts of already popular words by analysing three different nationwide language databases: (i) n...
computer science
38,445
Geospatial distributions reflect rates of evolution of features of language
cs.CL
Different structural features of human language change at different rates and thus exhibit different temporal stabilities. Existing methods of linguistic stability estimation depend upon the prior genealogical classification of the world's languages into language families; these methods result in unreliable stability e...
computer science
38,446
Preparation of Improved Turkish DataSet for Sentiment Analysis in Social Media
cs.CL
A public dataset, with a variety of properties suitable for sentiment analysis [1], event prediction, trend detection and other text mining applications, is needed in order to be able to successfully perform analysis studies. The vast majority of data on social media is text-based and it is not possible to directly app...
computer science
38,447
Characterisation of (Sub)sequential Rational Functions over a General Class Monoids
cs.FL
In this technical report we describe a general class of monoids for which (sub)sequential rational can be characterised in terms of a congruence relation in the flavour of Myhill-Nerode relation. The class of monoids that we consider can be described in terms of natural algebraic axioms, contains the free monoids, grou...
computer science
38,448
The New Modality: Emoji Challenges in Prediction, Anticipation, and Retrieval
cs.CL
Over the past decade, emoji have emerged as a new and widespread form of digital communication, spanning diverse social networks and spoken languages. We propose to treat these ideograms as a new modality in their own right, distinct in their semantic structure from both the text in which they are often embedded as wel...
computer science
38,449
Phonetic and Graphemic Systems for Multi-Genre Broadcast Transcription
cs.SD
State-of-the-art English automatic speech recognition systems typically use phonetic rather than graphemic lexicons. Graphemic systems are known to perform less well for English as the mapping from the written form to the spoken form is complicated. However, in recent years the representational power of deep-learning b...
computer science
38,450
Disunited Nations? A Multiplex Network Approach to Detecting Preference Affinity Blocs using Texts and Votes
cs.CL
This paper contributes to an emerging literature that models votes and text in tandem to better understand polarization of expressed preferences. It introduces a new approach to estimate preference polarization in multidimensional settings, such as international relations, based on developments in the natural language ...
computer science
38,451
Comparing approaches for mitigating intergroup variability in personality recognition
cs.SD
Personality have been found to predict many life outcomes, and there have been huge interests on automatic personality recognition from a speaker's utterance. Previously, we achieved accuracies between 37%-44% for three-way classification of high, medium or low for each of the Big Five personality traits (Openness to E...
computer science
38,452
Polisis: Automated Analysis and Presentation of Privacy Policies Using Deep Learning
cs.CL
Privacy policies are the primary channel through which companies inform users about their data collection and sharing practices. In their current form, policies remain long and difficult to comprehend, thus merely serving the goal of legally protecting the companies. Short notices based on information extracted from pr...
computer science
38,453
Learning from Past Mistakes: Improving Automatic Speech Recognition Output via Noisy-Clean Phrase Context Modeling
cs.CL
Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems lack joint optimization during decoding over the acoustic, lexical and language models; for instance the ASR will often prune words due to acoustics using short-term context, prior to rescoring with long-term context. In this work we model the automated speech transcription pr...
computer science
38,454
Joint Modeling of Accents and Acoustics for Multi-Accent Speech Recognition
cs.CL
The performance of automatic speech recognition systems degrades with increasing mismatch between the training and testing scenarios. Differences in speaker accents are a significant source of such mismatch. The traditional approach to deal with multiple accents involves pooling data from several accents during trainin...
computer science
38,455
Articulatory information and Multiview Features for Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition
cs.CL
This paper explores the use of multi-view features and their discriminative transforms in a convolutional deep neural network (CNN) architecture for a continuous large vocabulary speech recognition task. Mel-filterbank energies and perceptually motivated forced damped oscillator coefficient (DOC) features are used afte...
computer science
38,456
Structured-based Curriculum Learning for End-to-end English-Japanese Speech Translation
cs.CL
Sequence-to-sequence attentional-based neural network architectures have been shown to provide a powerful model for machine translation and speech recognition. Recently, several works have attempted to extend the models for end-to-end speech translation task. However, the usefulness of these models were only investigat...
computer science
38,457
Authorship Attribution Using the Chaos Game Representation
cs.CL
The Chaos Game Representation, a method for creating images from nucleotide sequences, is modified to make images from chunks of text documents. Machine learning methods are then applied to train classifiers based on authorship. Experiments are conducted on several benchmark data sets in English, including the widely u...
computer science
38,458
Sentiment Analysis on Speaker Specific Speech Data
cs.CL
Sentiment analysis has evolved over past few decades, most of the work in it revolved around textual sentiment analysis with text mining techniques. But audio sentiment analysis is still in a nascent stage in the research community. In this proposed research, we perform sentiment analysis on speaker discriminated speec...
computer science
38,459
Interpreting DNN output layer activations: A strategy to cope with unseen data in speech recognition
cs.CL
Unseen data can degrade performance of deep neural net acoustic models. To cope with unseen data, adaptation techniques are deployed. For unlabeled unseen data, one must generate some hypothesis given an existing model, which is used as the label for model adaptation. However, assessing the goodness of the hypothesis c...
computer science
38,460
Distilling Knowledge Using Parallel Data for Far-field Speech Recognition
cs.CL
In order to improve the performance for far-field speech recognition, this paper proposes to distill knowledge from the close-talking model to the far-field model using parallel data. The close-talking model is called the teacher model. The far-field model is called the student model. The student model is trained to im...
computer science
38,461
Sequence-based Multi-lingual Low Resource Speech Recognition
cs.CL
Techniques for multi-lingual and cross-lingual speech recognition can help in low resource scenarios, to bootstrap systems and enable analysis of new languages and domains. End-to-end approaches, in particular sequence-based techniques, are attractive because of their simplicity and elegance. While it is possible to in...
computer science
38,462
Neural Predictive Coding using Convolutional Neural Networks towards Unsupervised Learning of Speaker Characteristics
cs.SD
Learning speaker-specific features is vital in many applications like speaker recognition, diarization and speech recognition. This paper provides a novel approach, we term Neural Predictive Coding (NPC), to learn speaker-specific characteristics in a completely unsupervised manner from large amounts of unlabeled train...
computer science
38,463
Content-Based Citation Recommendation
cs.CL
We present a content-based method for recommending citations in an academic paper draft. We embed a given query document into a vector space, then use its nearest neighbors as candidates, and rerank the candidates using a discriminative model trained to distinguish between observed and unobserved citations. Unlike prev...
computer science
38,464
"You are no Jack Kennedy": On Media Selection of Highlights from Presidential Debates
cs.SI
Political speeches and debates play an important role in shaping the images of politicians, and the public often relies on media outlets to select bits of political communication from a large pool of utterances. It is an important research question to understand what factors impact this selection process. To quantita...
computer science
38,465
Age Group Classification with Speech and Metadata Multimodality Fusion
cs.CL
Children comprise a significant proportion of TV viewers and it is worthwhile to customize the experience for them. However, identifying who is a child in the audience can be a challenging task. Identifying gender and age from audio commands is a well-studied problem but is still very challenging to get good accuracy w...
computer science
38,466
Precise but Natural Specification for Robot Tasks
cs.RO
We present Flipper, a natural language interface for describing high level task specifications for robots that are compiled into robot actions. Flipper starts with a formal core language for task planning that allows expressing rich temporal specifications and uses a semantic parser to provide a natural language interf...
computer science
38,467
Co-occurrence of the Benford-like and Zipf Laws Arising from the Texts Representing Human and Artificial Languages
cs.CL
We demonstrate that large texts, representing human (English, Russian, Ukrainian) and artificial (C++, Java) languages, display quantitative patterns characterized by the Benford-like and Zipf laws. The frequency of a word following the Zipf law is inversely proportional to its rank, whereas the total numbers of a cert...
computer science
38,468
Community Interaction and Conflict on the Web
cs.SI
Users organize themselves into communities on web platforms. These communities can interact with one another, often leading to conflicts and toxic interactions. However, little is known about the mechanisms of interactions between communities and how they impact users. Here we study intercommunity interactions across...
computer science
38,469
Investigating the Effect of Music and Lyrics on Spoken-Word Recognition
cs.SD
Background music in social interaction settings can hinder conversation. Yet, little is known of how specific properties of music impact speech processing. This paper addresses this knowledge gap by investigating 1) whether the masking effect of background music with lyrics is larger than that of music without lyrics, ...
computer science
38,470
How to evaluate sentiment classifiers for Twitter time-ordered data?
cs.CL
Social media are becoming an increasingly important source of information about the public mood regarding issues such as elections, Brexit, stock market, etc. In this paper we focus on sentiment classification of Twitter data. Construction of sentiment classifiers is a standard text mining task, but here we address the...
computer science
38,471
Computational Geometry Column 38
cs.CG
Recent results on curve reconstruction are described.
computer science
38,472
An Even Faster and More Unifying Algorithm for Comparing Trees via Unbalanced Bipartite Matchings
cs.CV
A widely used method for determining the similarity of two labeled trees is to compute a maximum agreement subtree of the two trees. Previous work on this similarity measure is only concerned with the comparison of labeled trees of two special kinds, namely, uniformly labeled trees (i.e., trees with all their nodes lab...
computer science
38,473
Toward Natural Gesture/Speech Control of a Large Display
cs.CV
In recent years because of the advances in computer vision research, free hand gestures have been explored as means of human-computer interaction (HCI). Together with improved speech processing technology it is an important step toward natural multimodal HCI. However, inclusion of non-predefined continuous gestures int...
computer science
38,474
Digital Color Imaging
cs.CV
This paper surveys current technology and research in the area of digital color imaging. In order to establish the background and lay down terminology, fundamental concepts of color perception and measurement are first presented us-ing vector-space notation and terminology. Present-day color recording and reproduction ...
computer science
38,475
Structure from Motion: Theoretical Foundations of a Novel Approach Using Custom Built Invariants
cs.CV
We rephrase the problem of 3D reconstruction from images in terms of intersections of projections of orbits of custom built Lie groups actions. We then use an algorithmic method based on moving frames "a la Fels-Olver" to obtain a fundamental set of invariants of these groups actions. The invariants are used to define ...
computer science
38,476
On the Cell-based Complexity of Recognition of Bounded Configurations by Finite Dynamic Cellular Automata
cs.CC
This paper studies complexity of recognition of classes of bounded configurations by a generalization of conventional cellular automata (CA) -- finite dynamic cellular automata (FDCA). Inspired by the CA-based models of biological and computer vision, this study attempts to derive the properties of a complexity measure...
computer science
38,477
Prosody Based Co-analysis for Continuous Recognition of Coverbal Gestures
cs.CV
Although speech and gesture recognition has been studied extensively, all the successful attempts of combining them in the unified framework were semantically motivated, e.g., keyword-gesture cooccurrence. Such formulations inherited the complexity of natural language processing. This paper presents a Bayesian formulat...
computer science
38,478
Segmentation, Indexing, and Visualization of Extended Instructional Videos
cs.IR
We present a new method for segmenting, and a new user interface for indexing and visualizing, the semantic content of extended instructional videos. Given a series of key frames from the video, we generate a condensed view of the data by clustering frames according to media type and visual similarities. Using various ...
computer science
38,479
Analysis and Interface for Instructional Video
cs.IR
We present a new method for segmenting, and a new user interface for indexing and visualizing, the semantic content of extended instructional videos. Using various visual filters, key frames are first assigned a media type (board, class, computer, illustration, podium, and sheet). Key frames of media type board and she...
computer science
38,480
Differential Methods in Catadioptric Sensor Design with Applications to Panoramic Imaging
cs.CV
We discuss design techniques for catadioptric sensors that realize given projections. In general, these problems do not have solutions, but approximate solutions may often be found that are visually acceptable. There are several methods to approach this problem, but here we focus on what we call the ``vector field appr...
computer science
38,481
The Generalized Riemann or Henstock Integral Underpinning Multivariate Data Analysis: Application to Faint Structure Finding in Price Processes
cs.CE
Practical data analysis involves many implicit or explicit assumptions about the good behavior of the data, and excludes consideration of various potentially pathological or limit cases. In this work, we present a new general theory of data, and of data processing, to bypass some of these assumptions. The new framework...
computer science
38,482
On the complexity of curve fitting algorithms
cs.CC
We study a popular algorithm for fitting polynomial curves to scattered data based on the least squares with gradient weights. We show that sometimes this algorithm admits a substantial reduction of complexity, and, furthermore, find precise conditions under which this is possible. It turns out that this is, indeed, po...
computer science
38,483
Fast Verification of Convexity of Piecewise-linear Surfaces
cs.CG
We show that a realization of a closed connected PL-manifold of dimension n-1 in n-dimensional Euclidean space (n>2) is the boundary of a convex polyhedron (finite or infinite) if and only if the interior of each (n-3)-face has a point, which has a neighborhood lying on the boundary of an n-dimensional convex body. No ...
computer science
38,484
A rigorous definition of axial lines: ridges on isovist fields
cs.CV
We suggest that 'axial lines' defined by (Hillier and Hanson, 1984) as lines of uninterrupted movement within urban streetscapes or buildings, appear as ridges in isovist fields (Benedikt, 1979). These are formed from the maximum diametric lengths of the individual isovists, sometimes called viewsheds, that make up the...
computer science
38,485
A New Computational Framework For 2D Shape-Enclosing Contours
cs.CV
In this paper, a new framework for one-dimensional contour extraction from discrete two-dimensional data sets is presented. Contour extraction is important in many scientific fields such as digital image processing, computer vision, pattern recognition, etc. This novel framework includes (but is not limited to) algorit...
computer science
38,486
Three-Dimensional Face Orientation and Gaze Detection from a Single Image
cs.CV
Gaze detection and head orientation are an important part of many advanced human-machine interaction applications. Many systems have been proposed for gaze detection. Typically, they require some form of user cooperation and calibration. Additionally, they may require multiple cameras and/or restricted head positions. ...
computer science
38,487
Top-Down Unsupervised Image Segmentation (it sounds like oxymoron, but actually it is not)
cs.CV
Pattern recognition is generally assumed as an interaction of two inversely directed image-processing streams: the bottom-up information details gathering and localization (segmentation) stream, and the top-down information features aggregation, association and interpretation (recognition) stream. Inspired by recent ev...
computer science
38,488
A hybrid MLP-PNN architecture for fast image superresolution
cs.CV
Image superresolution methods process an input image sequence of a scene to obtain a still image with increased resolution. Classical approaches to this problem involve complex iterative minimization procedures, typically with high computational costs. In this paper is proposed a novel algorithm for super-resolution th...
computer science
38,489
Semi-automatic vectorization of linear networks on rasterized cartographic maps
cs.CV
A system for semi-automatic vectorization of linear networks (roads, rivers, etc.) on rasterized cartographic maps is presented. In this system, human intervention is limited to a graphic, interactive selection of the color attributes of the information to be obtained. Using this data, the system performs a preliminary...
computer science
38,490
Geometric Models of Rolling-Shutter Cameras
cs.CV
Cameras with rolling shutters are becoming more common as low-power, low-cost CMOS sensors are being used more frequently in cameras. The rolling shutter means that not all scanlines are exposed over the same time interval. The effects of a rolling shutter are noticeable when either the camera or objects in the scene a...
computer science
38,491
Convexity Analysis of Snake Models Based on Hamiltonian Formulation
cs.CV
This paper presents a convexity analysis for the dynamic snake model based on the Potential Energy functional and the Hamiltonian formulation of the classical mechanics. First we see the snake model as a dynamical system whose singular points are the borders we seek. Next we show that a necessary condition for a singul...
computer science
38,492
An Efficient Approximation Algorithm for Point Pattern Matching Under Noise
cs.CV
Point pattern matching problems are of fundamental importance in various areas including computer vision and structural bioinformatics. In this paper, we study one of the more general problems, known as LCP (largest common point set problem): Let $\PP$ and $\QQ$ be two point sets in $\mathbb{R}^3$, and let $\epsilon \g...
computer science
38,493
Spatiotemporal sensistivity and visual attention for efficient rendering of dynamic environments
cs.GR
We present a method to accelerate global illumination computation in dynamic environments by taking advantage of limitations of the human visual system. A model of visual attention is used to locate regions of interest in a scene and to modulate spatiotemporal sensitivity. The method is applied in the form of a spatiot...
computer science
38,494
The consistency principle for a digitization procedure. An algorithm for building normal digital spaces of continuous n-dimensional objects
cs.CV
This paper considers conditions, which allow to preserve important topological and geometric properties in the process of digitization. For this purpose, we introduce a triplet {C,M,D} consisting of a continuous object C, an intermediate model M, which is a collection of subregions whose union is C, a digital model D, ...
computer science
38,495
Similarity of Objects and the Meaning of Words
cs.CV
We survey the emerging area of compression-based, parameter-free, similarity distance measures useful in data-mining, pattern recognition, learning and automatic semantics extraction. Given a family of distances on a set of objects, a distance is universal up to a certain precision for that family if it minorizes every...
computer science
38,496
A Better Alternative to Piecewise Linear Time Series Segmentation
cs.DB
Time series are difficult to monitor, summarize and predict. Segmentation organizes time series into few intervals having uniform characteristics (flatness, linearity, modality, monotonicity and so on). For scalability, we require fast linear time algorithms. The popular piecewise linear model can determine where the d...
computer science
38,497
Stability in multidimensional Size Theory
cs.CG
This paper proves that in Size Theory the comparison of multidimensional size functions can be reduced to the 1-dimensional case by a suitable change of variables. Indeed, we show that a foliation in half-planes can be given, such that the restriction of a multidimensional size function to each of these half-planes tur...
computer science
38,498
In Quest of Image Semantics: Are We Looking for It Under the Right Lamppost?
cs.CV
In the last years we witness a dramatic growth of research focused on semantic image understanding. Indeed, without understanding image content successful accomplishment of any image-processing task is simply incredible. Up to the recent times, the ultimate need for such understanding has been met by the knowledge that...
computer science
38,499
Plot 94 in ambiance X-Window
cs.CV
<PLOT > is a collection of routines to draw surfaces, contours and so on. In this work we are presenting a version, that functions over work stations with the operative system UNIX, that count with the graphic ambiance X-WINDOW with the tools XLIB and OSF/MOTIF. This implant was realized for the work stations DEC 5000-...
computer science
38,500
Perception games, the image understanding and interpretational geometry
math.HO
The interactive game theoretical approach to the description of perception processes is proposed. The subject is treated formally in terms of a new class of the verbalizable interactive games which are called the perception games. An application of the previously elaborated formalism of dialogues and verbalizable inter...
computer science
38,501
An active curve approach for tomographic reconstruction of binary radially symmetric objects
math.OC
This paper deals with a method of tomographic reconstruction of radially symmetric objects from a single radiograph, in order to study the behavior of shocked material. The usual tomographic reconstruction algorithms such as generalized inverse or filtered back-projection cannot be applied here because data are very no...
computer science
38,502
Linear versus Non-linear Acquisition of Step-Functions
math.CA
We address in this paper the following two closely related problems: 1. How to represent functions with singularities (up to a prescribed accuracy) in a compact way? 2. How to reconstruct such functions from a small number of measurements? The stress is on a comparison of linear and non-linear approaches. As a mo...
computer science
38,503
Functional dissipation microarrays for classification
cs.CV
In this article, we describe a new method of extracting information from signals, called functional dissipation, that proves to be very effective for enhancing classification of high resolution, texture-rich data. Our algorithm bypasses to some extent the need to have very specialized feature extraction techniques, and...
computer science
38,504
Analogue Quantum Computers for Data Analysis
cs.CV
Analogue computers use continuous properties of physical system for modeling. In the paper is described possibility of modeling by analogue quantum computers for some model of data analysis. It is analogue associative memory and a formal neural network. A particularity of the models is combination of continuous interna...
computer science
38,505
Evolutionary Optimisation Methods for Template Based Image Registration
cs.CE
This paper investigates the use of evolutionary optimisation techniques to register a template with a scene image. An error function is created to measure the correspondence of the template to the image. The problem presented here is to optimise the horizontal, vertical and scaling parameters that register the template...
computer science
38,506
Local Area Damage Detection in Composite Structures Using Piezoelectric Transducers
cs.SD
An integrated and automated smart structures approach for structural health monitoring is presented, utilizing an array of piezoelectric transducers attached to or embedded within the structure for both actuation and sensing. The system actively interrogates the structure via broadband excitation of multiple actuators ...
computer science
38,507
Towards understanding and modelling office daily life
cs.CV
Measuring and modeling human behavior is a very complex task. In this paper we present our initial thoughts on modeling and automatic recognition of some human activities in an office. We argue that to successfully model human activities, we need to consider both individual behavior and group dynamics. To demonstrate t...
computer science
38,508
The Fuzzy Vault for fingerprints is Vulnerable to Brute Force Attack
cs.CV
The \textit{fuzzy vault} approach is one of the best studied and well accepted ideas for binding cryptographic security into biometric authentication. The vault has been implemented in connection with fingerprint data by Uludag and Jain. We show that this instance of the vault is vulnerable to brute force attack. An in...
computer science
38,509
Probabilistic Visual Secret Sharing Schemes for Gray-scale images and Color images
cs.CR
Visual secrete sharing (VSS) is an encryption technique that utilizes human visual system in the recovering of the secret image and it does not require any complex calculation. Pixel expansion has been a major issue of VSS schemes. A number of probabilistic VSS schemes with minimum pixel expansion have been proposed fo...
computer science