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500
Alternating sign matrices and domino tilings
math.CO
We introduce a family of planar regions, called Aztec diamonds, and study the ways in which these regions can be tiled by dominoes. Our main result is a generating function that not only gives the number of domino tilings of the Aztec diamond of order $n$ but also provides information about the orientation of the domin...
math
501
A Short Proof of Jacobi's Formula for the Number of Representations of an Integer as a Sum of Four Squares
math.CO
A short and elementary proof, and a finite-form generalization, are given of Jacobi's formula for the number of ways of writing an integer as a sum of four squares (that implies Lagrange's famous 1777 theorem.)
math
502
Theorems for a Price: Tomorrow's Semi-Rigorous Mathematical Culture
math.CO
The future of mathematics is described, by using the WZ algorithmic proof theory as a parable.
math
503
A WZ proof of Ramanujan's Formula for Pi
math.CO
Ramanujan's series for Pi, that appeared in his famous letter to Hardy, is given a one-line WZ proof.
math
504
Chu's 1303 Identity Implies Bombieri's 1990 Norm-Inequality [via an Identity of Beauzamy and Dégot]
math.CO
The Vandermonde-Chu Binomial Coefficients Identity is shown to imply Bombieri's deep norm inequalities, via identities of Beauzamy-D\'egot, and Reznick.
math
505
Combinatorial Proofs of Capelli's and Turnbull's Identities from Classical Invariant Theory
math.CO
Capelli's and Turnbull's classical identities are given elegant combinatorial proofs.
math
506
The Dinitz problem solved for rectangles
math.CO
The Dinitz conjecture states that, for each $n$ and for every collection of $n$-element sets $S_{ij}$, an $n\times n$ partial latin square can be found with the $(i,j)$\<th entry taken from $S_{ij}$. The analogous statement for $(n-1)\times n$ rectangles is proven here. The proof uses a recent result by Alon and Tarsi ...
math
507
The sandwich theorem
math.CO
This report contains expository notes about a function $\vartheta(G)$ that is popularly known as the Lov\'asz number of a graph~$G$. There are many ways to define $\vartheta(G)$, and the surprising variety of different characterizations indicates in itself that $\vartheta(G)$ should be interesting. But the most interes...
math
508
How Joe Gillis Discovered Combinatorial Special Function Theory
math.CO
How Enumerative Combinatorics met Special Functions, thanks to Joe Gillis
math
509
The Graphical Major Index
math.CO
A generalization of the classical statistics ``maj'' and ``inv'' (the major index and number of inversions) on words is introduced, parameterized by arbitrary graphs on the underlying alphabet. The question of characterizing those graphs that lead to equi-distributed "inv" and "maj" is posed and answered.
math
510
Proof of the Alternating Sign Matrix Conjecture
math.CO
The number of $n \times n$ matrices whose entries are either -1, 0, or 1, whose row- and column- sums are all 1, and such that in every row and every column the non-zero entries alternate in sign, is proved to be $[1!4! >... (3n-2)!]/[n!(n+1)! ... (2n-1)!]$, as conjectured by Mills, Robbins, and Rumsey.
math
511
A High-School Algebra and high-school (purely formal) calculus,. Wallet-Sized Proof, of the Bieberbach Conjecture [after L. Weinstein]
math.CO
L. Weinstein's brilliant short proof of de Branges's Theorem is made even shorter by using computer algebra.
math
512
Counting pairs of lattice paths by intersections
math.CO
On an $r\times (n-r)$ lattice rectangle, we first consider walks that begin at the SW corner, proceed with unit steps in either of the directions E or N, and terminate at the NE corner of the rectangle. For each integer $k$ we ask for $N_k^{n,r}$, the number of {\em ordered\/} pairs of these walks that intersect in exa...
math
513
Inverting sets and the packing problem
math.CO
Given a set $V$, a subset $S$, and a permutation $\pi$ of $V$, we say that $\pi$ permutes $S$ if $\pi (S) \cap S = \emptyset$. Given a collection $\cS = \{V; S_1,\ldots , S_m\}$, where $S_i \subseteq V ~~(i=1,\ldots ,m)$, we say that $\cS$ is invertible if there is a permutation $\pi$ of $V$ such that $\pi (S_i) \subse...
math
514
Invertible families of sets of bounded degree
math.CO
Let H = (H,V) be a hypergraph with edge set H and vertex set V. Then hypergraph H is invertible iff there exists a permutation pi of V such that for all E belongs to H(edges) intersection of(pi(E) and E)=0. H is invertibility critical if H is not invertible but every hypergraph obtained by removing an edge from H is in...
math
515
Graph generated union-closed families of sets
math.CO
Let G be a graph with vertices V and edges E. Let F be the union-closed family of sets generated by E. Then F is the family of subsets of V without isolated points. Theorem: There is an edge e belongs to E such that |{U belongs to F | e belongs to U}| =< 1/2|F|. This is equivalent to the following assertion: If H is a ...
math
516
A geometric identity for Pappus' Theorem
math.CO
An expression in the exterior algebra of a Peano space yielding Pappus' Theorem was originally given by Doubilet, Rota, and Stein. Motivated by an identity of Rota, we give an identity in a Grassmann-Cayley algebra of step 3, involving joins and meets alone, which expresses the Theorem of Pappus.
math
517
Restricted routing and wide diameter of the cycle prefix network
math.CO
The cycle prefix network is a Cayley coset digraph based on sequences over an alphabet which has been proposed as a vertex symmetric communication network. This network has been shown to have many remarkable communication properties such as a large number of vertices for a given degree and diameter, simple shortest pat...
math
518
The lattice of closure relations of a poset
math.CO
In this paper we show that the set of closure relations on a finite poset P forms a supersolvable lattice, as suggested by Rota. Furthermore this lattice is dually isomorphic to the lattice of closed sets in a convex geometry (in the sense of Edelman and Jamison). We also characterize the modular elements of this latti...
math
519
Spanning trees short or small
math.CO
We study the problem of finding small trees. Classical network design problems are considered with the additional constraint that only a specified number $k$ of nodes are required to be connected in the solution. A prototypical example is the $k$MST problem in which we require a tree of minimum weight spanning at least...
math
520
Optimal pooling designs with error detection
math.CO
Consider a collection of objects, some of which may be `bad', and a test which determines whether or not a given sub-collection contains no bad objects. The non-adaptive pooling (or group testing) problem involves identifying the bad objects using the least number of tests applied in parallel. The `hypergeometric' case...
math
521
A simple linear-time algorithm for finding path-decompositions of small width
math.CO
We described a simple algorithm running in linear time for each fixed constant $k$, that either establishes that the pathwidth of a graph $G$ is greater than $k$, or finds a path-decomposition of $G$ of width at most $O(2^{k})$. This provides a simple proof of the result by Bodlaender that many families of graphs of bo...
math
522
Symmetries of plane partitions and the permanent-determinant method
math.CO
In the paper [J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 43 (1986), 103--113], Stanley gives formulas for the number of plane partitions in each of ten symmetry classes. This paper together with results by Andrews [J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 66 (1994), 28-39] and Stembridge [Adv. Math 111 (1995), 227-243] completes the project of proving ...
math
523
New large graphs with given degree and diameter
math.CO
In this paper we give graphs with the largest known order for a given degree $\Delta$ and diameter $D$. The graphs are constructed from Moore bipartite graphs by replacement of some vertices by adequate structures. The paper also contains the latest version of the $(\Delta, D)$ table for graphs.
math
524
Generalized degrees and densities for families of sets
math.CO
Let F be a family of subsets of {1,2,...,n}. The width-degree of an element x in at least one member of F is the width of the family {U in F | x in U}. If F has maximum width-degree at most k, then F is locally k-wide. Bounds on the size of locally k-wide families of sets are established. If F is locally k-wide and cen...
math
525
Notes on the connectivity of Cayley coset digraphs
math.CO
Hamidoune's connectivity results for hierarchical Cayley digraphs are extended to Cayley coset digraphs and thus to arbitrary vertex transitive digraphs. It is shown that if a Cayley coset digraph can be hierarchically decomposed in a certain way, then it is optimally vertex connected. The results are obtained by exten...
math
526
Algorithms for learning and teaching sets of vertices in graphs
math.CO
The learning complexity of special sets of vertices in graphs is studied in the model(s) of exact learning by (extended) equivalence and membership queries. Polynomial-time learning algorithms are described for vertex covers, independent sets, and dominating sets. The complexity of learning vertex sets of fixed size is...
math
527
Self-complementary plane partitions by Proctor's minuscule method
math.CO
A method of Proctor [European J. Combin. 5 (1984), no. 4, 331-350] realizes the set of arbitrary plane partitions in a box and the set of symmetric plane partitions as bases of linear representations of Lie groups. We extend this method by realizing transposition and complementation of plane partitions as natural linea...
math
528
Leaper graphs
math.CO
An $\{r,s\}$-leaper is a generalized knight that can jump from $(x,y)$ to $(x\pm r,y\pm s)$ or $(x\pm s,y\pm r)$ on a rectangular grid. The graph of an $\{r,s\}$-leaper on an $m\times n$ board is the set of $mn$~vertices $(x,y)$ for $0\leq x<m$ and $0\leq y<n$, with an edge between vertices that are one $\{r,s\}$-leape...
math
529
The degree-diameter problem for several varieties of Cayley graphs, I: the Abelian case
math.CO
We address the degree-diameter problem for Cayley graphs of Abelian groups (Abelian graphs), both directed and undirected. The problem turns out to be closely related to the problem of finding efficient lattice coverings of Euclidean space by shapes such as octahedra and tetrahedra; we exploit this relationship in both...
math
530
A new series of dense graphs of high girth
math.CO
Let $k\ge 1$ be an odd integer, $t=\lfloor {{k+2}\over 4}\rfloor$, and $q$ be a prime power. We construct a bipartite, $q$-regular, edge-transitive graph $C\!D(k,q)$ of order $v \le 2q^{k-t+1}$ and girth $g \ge k+5$. If $e$ is the the number of edges of $C\!D(k,q)$, then $e =\Omega(v^{1+ {1\over {k-t+1}}})$. These grap...
math
531
Aztec diamonds, checkerboard graphs, and spanning trees
math.CO
This note derives the characteristic polynomial of a graph that represents nonjump moves in a generalized game of checkers. The number of spanning trees is also determined.
math
532
Recent contributions to the calculus of finite differences: a survey
math.CO
We retrace the recent history of the Umbral Calculus. After studying the classic results concerning polynomial sequences of binomial type, we generalize to a certain type of logarithmic series. Finally, we demonstrate numerous typical examples of our theory. Nous passons en revue ici les resultats recents du calcul o...
math
533
DX-operator expansion
math.CO
We characterize those linear operators that can be expressed as a sum over k of terms of the form f_k(D) x^k and give several examples.
math
534
Proof of a conjecture of Narayana on dominance refinements of the Smirnov two-sample test
math.CO
We prove the following conjecture of Narayana: there are no dominance refinements of the Smirnov two-sample test if and only if the two sample sizes are relatively prime.
math
535
Maple umbral calculus package
math.CO
We are developing a Maple package of functions related to Rota's Umbral Calculus. A Mathematica version of this package is being developed in parallel.
math
536
Getting results with negative thinking
math.CO
Given a universe of discourse $U$, a {\em multiset} can be thought of as a function $M$ from $U$ to the natural numbers ${\bf N}$. In this paper, we define a {\em hybrid set} to be any function from the universe $U$ to the integers ${\bf Z}$. These sets are called hybrid since they contain elements with either a positi...
math
537
A simpler characterization of Sheffer polynomial
math.CO
We characterize the Sheffer sequences by a single convolution identity $$ F^{(y)} p_{n}(x) = \sum _{k=0}^{n}\ p_{k}(x)\ p_{n-k}(y)$$ where $F^{(y)}$ is a shift-invariant operator. We then study a generalization of the notion of Sheffer sequences by removing the requirement that $F^{(y)}$ be shift-invariant. All these s...
math
538
Series with general exponents
math.CO
We define the Artinian and Noetherian algebra which consist of formal series involving exponents which are not necessarily integers. All of the usual operations are defined here and characterized. As an application, we compute the algebra of symmetric functions with nonnegative real exponents. The applications to logar...
math
539
A generalization of Stirling numbers
math.CO
We generalize the Stirling numbers of the first kind $s(a,k)$ to the case where $a$ may be an arbitrary real number. In particular, we study the case in which $a$ is an integer. There, we discover new combinatorial properties held by the classical Stirling numbers, and analogous properties held by the Stirling numbers ...
math
540
A generalization of the binomial coefficients
math.CO
We pose the question of what is the best generalization of the factorial and the binomial coefficient. We give several examples, derive their combinatorial properties, and demonstrate their interrelationships. On cherche ici \`a d\'eterminer est la meilleure g\'en\'eralisation possible des factorielles et des coeffic...
math
541
The iterated logarithmic algebra
math.CO
We generalize the Umbral Calculus of G-C. Rota by studying not only sequences of polynomials and inverse power series, or even the logarithms studied in, but instead we study sequences of formal expressions involving the iterated logarithms and x to an arbitrary real power. Using a theory of formal power series with ...
math
542
The iterated logarithmic algebra II: Sheffer sequences
math.CO
An extension of the theory of the Iterated Logarithmic Algebra gives the logarithmic analog of a Sheffer or Appell sequence of polynomials. This leads to several examples including Stirling's formula and a logarithmic version of the Euler-MacLaurin summation formula. Gr\^ace \`a une g\'en\'eralisation de la th\'eorie...
math
543
Sequences of symmetric functions of binomial type
math.CO
We take advantage of the combinatorial interpretations of many sequences of polynomials of binomial type to define a sequence of symmetric functions corresponding to each sequence of polynomials of binomial type. We derive many of the results of Umbral Calculus in this context including a Taylor's expansion and a binom...
math
544
Richman games
math.CO
A Richman game is a combinatorial game in which, rather than alternating moves, the two players bid for the privilege of making the next move. We consider both the case where the players pay each other and the case where the players pay a neutral third party. We find optimal strategies considering both the case where t...
math
545
A new proof of Monjardet's median theorem
math.CO
New proofs are given for Monjardet's theorem that all strong simple games (i.e., ipsodual elements of the free distributive lattice) can be generated by the median operation. Tighter limits are placed on the number of iterations necessary. Comparison is drawn with the $\chi$ function which also generates all strong sim...
math
546
Symmetric chain decompositions of B_n and Pi_n
math.CO
We review the Green/Kleitman/Leeb interpretation of de Bruijn's symmetric chain decomposition of ${\cal B}_{n}$, and explain how it can be used to find a maximal collection of disjoint symmetric chains in the nonsymmetric lattice of partitions of a set.
math
547
The combinatorics of Mancala-type games: Ayo, Tchoukaitlon, and 1/pi
math.CO
Certain endgame considerations in the two-player Nigerian Mancala-type game Ayo can be identified with the problem of finding winning positions in the solitaire game Tchoukaitlon. The periodicity of the pit occupancies in $s$ stone winning positions is determined. Given $n$ pits, the number of stones in a winning posit...
math
548
Obstructions to within a few vertices or edges of acyclic
math.CO
Finite obstruction sets for lower ideals in the minor order are guaranteed to exist by the Graph Minor Theorem. It has been known for several years that, in principle, obstruction sets can be mechanically computed for most natural lower ideals. In this paper, we describe a general-purpose method for finding obstruction...
math
549
A finite partition theorem with double exponential bounds
math.CO
We prove that double exponentiation is an upper bound to Ramsey theorem for colouring of pairs when we want to predetermine the order of the differences of successive members of the homogeneous set.
math
550
The Knowlton-Graham partition problem
math.CO
A set partition technique that is useful for identifying wires in cables can be recast in the language of 0--1 matrices, thereby resolving an open problem stated by R.~L. Graham in Volume 1 of this journal. The proof involves a construction of 0--1 matrices having row and column sums without gaps.
math
551
New constructions for covering designs
math.CO
A $(v,k,t)$ {\em covering design}, or {\em covering}, is a family of $k$-subsets, called blocks, chosen from a $v$-set, such that each $t$-subset is contained in at least one of the blocks. The number of blocks is the covering's {\em size}, and the minimum size of such a covering is denoted by $C(v,k,t)$. This paper gi...
math
552
Scenic trails ascending from sea-level Nim to alpine chess
math.CO
Aim: Present a systematic development of part of the theory of combinatorial games from the ground up. Approach: Computational complexity. Combinatorial games are completely determined; the questions of interest are efficiencies of strategies. Methodology: Divide and conquer. Ascend from Nim to chess in small strid...
math
553
Partitioned tensor products and their spectra
math.CO
A pleasant family of graphs defined by Godsil and McKay is shown to have easily computed eigenvalues in many cases.
math
554
Overlapping Pfaffians
math.CO
A combinatorial construction proves an identity for the product of the Pfaffian of a skew-symmetric matrix by the Pfaffian of one of its submatrices. Several applications of this identity are followed by a brief history of Pfaffians.
math
555
Error-correcting codes derived from combinatorial games
math.CO
The ``losing positions" of certain combinatorial games constitute linear error detecting and correcting codes. We show that a large class of games that can be cast in the form of *annihilation games*, provides a potentially polynomial method for computing codes (*anncodes*). We also give a short proof of the basic prop...
math
556
Algebraic constructions of efficient broadcast networks
math.CO
Cayley graph techniques are introduced for the problem of constructing networks having the maximum possible number of nodes, among networks that satisfy prescribed bounds on the parameters maximum node degree and broadcast diameter. The broadcast diameter of a network is the maximum time required for a message originat...
math
557
New results for the degree/diameter problem
math.CO
The results of computer searches for large graphs with given (small) degree and diameter are presented. The new graphs are Cayley graphs of semidirect products of cyclic groups and related groups. One fundamental use of our ``dense graphs'' is in the design of efficient communication network topologies.
math
558
Self Avoiding Walks, the Language of Science, and Fibonacci Numbers
math.CO
The Bordelaise philosophy, or rather a juvenile version of it, is used to enumerate self avoiding walks in a $[0,1] \times (- \infty, \infty)$.
math
559
The Method of Undetermined Generalization and Specialization Illustrated with Fred Galvin's Amazing Proof of the Dinitz Conjecture
math.CO
Fred Galvin's amazing proof of the Dinitiz conjecture is used to illustrate the method of undetermined generalization and specialization.
math
560
Four symmetry classes of plane partitions under one roof
math.CO
In previous paper, the author applied the permanent-determinant method of Kasteleyn and its non-bipartite generalization, the Hafnian-Pfaffian method, to obtain a determinant or a Pfaffian that enumerates each of the ten symmetry classes of plane partitions. After a cosmetic generalization of the Kasteleyn method, we i...
math
561
On non-even digraphs and symplectic pairs
math.CO
A digraph $D$ is called {\bf noneven} if it is possible to assign weights of 0,1 to its arcs so that $D$ contains no cycle of even weight. A noneven digraph $D$ corresponds to one or more nonsingular sign patterns. Given an $n \times n$ sign pattern $H$, a {\bf symplectic pair} in $Q(H)$ is a pair of matrices $(A,D)$ s...
math
562
Reverend Charles to the aid of Major Percy and Fields-Medalist Enrico
math.CO
Dodgson's determinant condensation rule is shown to immediately imply the evaluation of MacMahon's determinant expression that leads to the Box Theorem.
math
563
Finite canonization
math.CO
The canonization theorem says that for given m,n for some m^* (the first one is called ER(n;m)) we have: for every function f with domain [{1, ...,m^*}]^n, for some A in [{1, ...,m^*}]^m, the question of when the equality f({i_1, ...,i_n})=f({j_1, ...,j_n}) (where i_1< ... <i_n and j_1 < ... < j_n are from A) holds has...
math
564
Asymptotically optimal covering designs
math.CO
A (v,k,t) covering design, or covering, is a family of k-subsets, called blocks, chosen from a v-set, such that each t-subset is contained in at least one of the blocks. The number of blocks is the covering's size}, and the minimum size of such a covering is denoted by C(v,k,t). It is easy to see that a covering must c...
math
565
An Explicit Formula for the Number of Solutions of X^2=0 in Triangular Matrices over a Finite Field
math.CO
We prove an explicit formula for the number of $n \times n$ upper triangular matrices, over $GF(q)$, whose square is the zero matrix. This formula was recently conjectured by Sasha Kirillov and Anna Melnikov[KM].
math
566
A Tverberg-type result on multicolored simplices
math.CO
Let $P_1, P_2,\ldots, P_{d+1}$ be pairwise disjoint $n$-element point sets in general position in $d$-space. It is shown that there exist a point $O$ and suitable subsets $Q_i\subseteq P_i \; (i=1, 2, \ldots, d+1)$ such that $|Q_i|\geq c_d|P_i|$, and every $d$-dimensional simplex with exactly one vertex in each $Q_i$ c...
math
567
Proof of the Refined Alternating Sign Matrix Conjecture
math.CO
Mills, Robbins, and Rumsey conjectured, and Zeilberger proved, that the number of alternating sign matrices of order $n$ equals $A(n):={{1!4!7! ... (3n-2)!} \over {n!(n+1)! ... (2n-1)!}}$. Mills, Robbins, and Rumsey also made the stronger conjecture that the number of such matrices whose (unique) `1' of the first row i...
math
568
Irredundant intervals
math.CO
This expository note presents simplifications of a theorem due to Gy\H{o}ri and an algorithm due to Franzblau and Kleitman: Given a family $F$ of $m$ intervals on a linearly ordered set of $n$ elements, we can construct in $O(m+n)^2$ steps an irredundant subfamily having maximum cardinality, as well as a generating fam...
math
569
Combinatorics and topology of stratifications of the space of monic polynomials with real coefficients
math.CO
We study the stratification of the space of monic polynomials with real coefficients according to the number and multiplicities of real zeros. In the first part, for each of these strata we provide a purely combinatorial chain complex calculating (co)homology of its one-point compactification and describe the homotopy ...
math
570
Proper and Unit Trapezoid Orders and Graphs
math.CO
We show that the class of trapezoid orders in which no trapezoid strictly contains any other trapezoid strictly contains the class of trapezoid orders in which every trapezoid can be drawn with unit area. This is different from the case of interval orders, where the class of proper interval orders is exactly the same a...
math
571
On $k$-ordered Hamiltonian Graphs
math.CO
A Hamiltonian graph $G$ of order $n$ is $k$-ordered, $2\leq k \leq n$, if for every sequence $v_1, v_2, \ldots ,v_k$ of $k$ distinct vertices of $G$, there exists a Hamiltonian cycle that encounters $v_1, v_2, \ldots , v_k$ in this order. In this paper, answering a question of Ng and Schultz, we give a sharp bound for ...
math
572
An Algorithmic Version of the Blow-up Lemma
math.CO
Recently we have developed a new method in graph theory based on the Regularity Lemma. The method is applied to find certain spanning subgraphs in dense graphs. The other main general tool of the method, beside the Regularity Lemma, is the so-called Blow-up Lemma. This lemma helps to find bounded degree spanning subgra...
math
573
The number of faces of a simple polytope
math.CO
Consider the question: Given integers $k<d<n$, does there exist a simple $d$-polytope with $n$ faces of dimension $k$? We show that there exist numbers $G(d,k)$ and $N(d,k)$ such that for $n> N(d,k)$ the answer is yes if and only if $n\equiv 0\quad \pmod {G(d,k)}$. Furthermore, a formula for $G(d,k)$ is given, showing ...
math
574
Trapezoid Order Classification
math.CO
We show the nonequivalence of combinations of several natural geometric restrictions on trapezoid representations of trapezoid orders. Each of the properties unit parallelogram, unit trapezoid and proper parallelogram, unit trapezoid and parallelogram, unit trapezoid, proper parallelogram, proper trapezoid and parallel...
math
575
Piles of Cubes, Monotone Path Polytopes and Hyperplane Arrangements
math.CO
Monotone path polytopes arise as a special case of the construction of fiber polytopes, introduced by Billera and Sturmfels. A simple example is provided by the permutahedron, which is a monotone path polytope of the standard unit cube. The permutahedron is the zonotope polar to the braid arrangement. We show how the z...
math
576
The Tutte dichromate and Whitney homology of matroids
math.CO
We consider a specialization $Y_M(q,t)$ of the Tutte polynomial of a matroid $M$ which is inspired by analogy with the Potts model from statistical mechanics. The only information lost in this specialization is the number of loops of $M$. We show that the coefficients of $Y_M(1-p,t)$ are very simply related to the rank...
math
577
Exact enumeration of 1342-avoiding permutations: A close link with labeled trees and planar maps
math.CO
Solving the first nonmonotonic, longer-than-three instance of a classic enumeration problem, we obtain the generating function $H(x)$ of all 1342-avoiding permutations of length $n$ as well as an {\em exact} formula for their number $S_n(1342)$. While achieving this, we bijectively prove that the number of indecomposab...
math
578
A Simple Bijection for the Regions of the Shi Arrangement of Hyperplanes
math.CO
The Shi arrangement ${\mathcal S}_n$ is the arrangement of affine hyperplanes in ${\mathbb R}^n$ of the form $x_i - x_j = 0$ or $1$, for $1 \leq i < j \leq n$. It dissects ${\mathbb R}^n$ into $(n+1)^{n-1}$ regions, as was first proved by Shi. We give a simple bijective proof of this result. Our bijection generalizes e...
math
579
Automorphism groups with cyclic commutator subgroup and Hamilton cycles
math.CO
It has been shown that there is a Hamilton cycle in every connected Cayley graph on each group G whose commutator subgroup is cyclic of prime-power order. This paper considers connected, vertex-transitive graphs X of order at least 3 where the automorphism group of X contains a transitive subgroup G whose commutator su...
math
580
On non-Hamiltonian circulant digraphs of outdegree three
math.CO
We construct infinitely many connected, circulant digraphs of outdegree three that have no hamiltonian circuit. All of our examples have an even number of vertices, and our examples are of two types: either every vertex in the digraph is adjacent to two diametrically opposite vertices, or every vertex is adjacent to th...
math
581
A Combinatorial proof of a result of Hetyei and Reiner on Foata-Strehl type permutation trees
math.CO
We give a combinatorial proof of the result of Hetyei and Reiner that there are exactly $n!/3$ permutations of length $n$ in the minmax tree representation of which the $i$th node is a leaf. We also prove the new result that the number of $n$-permutations in which this node has one child is $n!/3$ as well, implying tha...
math
582
A Suspension Lemma for Bounded Posets
math.CO
Let $P$ and $Q$ be bounded posets. In this note, a lemma is introduced that provides a set of sufficient conditions for the proper part of $P$ being homotopy equivalent to the suspension of the proper part of~$Q$. An application of this lemma is a unified proof of the sphericity of the higher Bruhat orders under both i...
math
583
On Subdivision Posets of Cyclic Polytopes
math.CO
There are two related poset structures, the higher Stasheff-Tamari orders, on the set of all triangulations of the cyclic $d$ polytope with $n$ vertices. In this paper it is shown that both of them have the homotopy type of a sphere of dimension $n-d-3$. Moreover, we resolve positively a new special case of the \emph...
math
584
Continued Fractions and Unique Additive Partitions
math.CO
A partition of the positive integers into sets $A$ and $B$ {\em avoids} a set $S\subset\N$ if no two distinct elements in the same part have a sum in $S$. If the partition is unique, $S$ is {\em uniquely avoidable.} For any irrational $\alpha>1$, Chow and Long constructed a partition which avoids the numerators of all ...
math
585
Order complexes of noncomplemented lattices are nonevasive
math.CO
We reprove and generalize in a combinatorial way the result of A. Bj\"orner [J.\ Comb.\ Th.\ A {\bf 30}, 1981, pp.~90--100, Theorem 3.3], that order complexes of noncomplemented lattices are contractible, namely by showing that these simplicial complexes are in fact nonevasive, in particular collapsible.
math
586
A Polynomial Time Algorithm for Vertex Enumeration and Optimization over Shaped Partition Polytopes
math.CO
We consider the {\em Shaped Partition Problem} of partitioning $n$ given vectors in real $k$-space into $p$ parts so as to maximize an arbitrary objective function which is convex on the sum of vectors in each part, subject to arbitrary constraints on the number of elements in each part. In addressing this problem, we ...
math
587
Diagrams of classifying spaces and $k$-fold Boolean algebras
math.CO
In this paper we study the problem of determining the homology groups of a quotient of a topological space by an action of a group. The method is to represent the original topological space as a homotopy limit of a diagram, and then act with the group on that diagram. Once it is possible to understand what the action o...
math
588
Littlewood-Richardson semigroups
math.CO
This note is an extended abstract of my talk at the workshop on Representation Theory and Symmetric Functions, MSRI, April 14, 1997. We discuss the problem of finding an explicit description of the semigroup $LR_r$ of triples of partitions of length $\leq r$ such that the corresponding Littlewood-Richardson coefficient...
math
589
Complexes of not $i$-connected graphs
math.CO
Complexes of (not) connected graphs, hypergraphs and their homology appear in the construction of knot invariants given by V. Vassiliev. In this paper we study the complexes of not $i$-connected $k$-hypergraphs on $n$ vertices. We show that the complex of not $2$-connected graphs has the homotopy type of a wedge of $(n...
math
590
2-stack sortable permutations with a given number of runs
math.CO
Using earlier results we prove a formula for the number $W_{(n,k)}$ of 2-stack sortable permutations of length $n$ with $k$ runs, or in other words, $k-1$ descents. This formula will yield the suprising fact that there are as many 2-stack sortable permutations with $k-1$ descents as with $k-1$ ascents. We also prove th...
math
591
Extended Linial Hyperplane Arrangements for Root Systems and a Conjecture of Postnikov and Stanley
math.CO
A hyperplane arrangement is said to satisfy the ``Riemann hypothesis'' if all roots of its characteristic polynomial have the same real part. This property was conjectured by Postnikov and Stanley for certain families of arrangements which are defined for any irreducible root system and was proved for the root system $...
math
592
$q$-Rook polynomials and matrices over finite fields
math.CO
Connections between $q$-rook polynomials and matrices over finite fields are exploited to derive a new statistic for Garsia and Remmel's $q$-hit polynomial. Both this new statistic $mat$ and another statistic for the $q$-hit polynomial $\xi$ recently introduced by Dworkin are shown to induce different multiset Mahonian...
math
593
Linear inequalities for flags in graded posets
math.CO
The closure of the convex cone generated by all flag $f$-vectors of graded posets is shown to be polyhedral. In particular, we give the facet inequalities to the polar cone of all nonnegative chain-enumeration functionals on this class of posets. These are in one-to-one correspondence with antichains of intervals on th...
math
594
Obstructions to Shellability
math.CO
We consider a simplicial complex generaliztion of a result of Billera and Meyers that every nonshellable poset contains the smallest nonshellable poset as an induced subposet. We prove that every nonshellable $2$-dimensional simplicial complex contains a nonshellable induced subcomplex with less than $8$ vertices. We a...
math
595
Bases in Systems of Simplices and Chambers
math.CO
We consider a finite set $E$ of points in the $n$-dimensional affine space and two sets of objects that are generated by the set $E$: the system $\Sigma$ of $n$-dimensional simplices with vertices in $E$ and the system $\Gamma$ of chambers. The incidence matrix $A= \parallel a_{\sigma, \gamma}\parallel$, $\sigma \in \S...
math
596
Chain Decomposition Theorems for Ordered Sets (and Other Musings)
math.CO
A brief introduction to the theory of ordered sets and lattice theory is given. To illustrate proof techniques in the theory of ordered sets, a generalization of a conjecture of Daykin and Daykin, concerning the structure of posets that can be partitioned into chains in a ``strong'' way, is proved. The result is motiva...
math
597
Residue symbols and Jantzen-Seitz partitions
math.CO
Jantzen-Seitz partitions are those $p$-regular partitions of~$n$ which label $p$-modular irreducible representations of the symmetric group $S_n$ which remain irreducible when restricted to $S_{n-1}$; they have recently also been found to be important for certain exactly solvable models in statistical mechanics. In thi...
math
598
Enumeration of rhombus tilings of a hexagon which contain a fixed rhombus on its symmetry axis
math.CO
We compute the number of rhombus tilings of a hexagon with sides $N,M,N,N,M,N$, which contain a fixed rhombus on the symmetry axis. A special case solves a problem posed by Jim Propp.
math
599
Determinant identities and a generalization of the number of totally symmetric self-complementary plane partitions
math.CO
We prove a constant term conjecture of Robbins and Zeilberger (J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 66 (1994), 17-27), by translating the problem into a determinant evaluation problem and evaluating the determinant. This determinant generalizes the determinant that gives the number of all totally symmetric self-complementary plane...
math