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5,700
Control of spiral waves and turbulent states in a cardiac model by travelling-wave perturbations
q-bio.TO
We propose a travelling-wave perturbation method to control the spatiotemporal dynamics in a cardiac model. It is numerically demonstrated that the method can successfully suppress the wave instability (alternans in action potential duration) in the one-dimensional case and convert spiral waves and turbulent states to ...
biology
5,701
To a Problem of Not Increasing Dynamic Compliance at Asthma Patients with Ventilating Disorders after Berotec Inhalation
q-bio.TO
The purpose of research was to check up the influence of decrease of nonequality of ventilating (after bronchodilator (berotec) inhalation (BI)) on the magnitude of dynamic compliance of lungs (Cdyn) at asthma patients with ventilating infringements. Methods and materials: 20 patients (with 2 and 3 degrees of ventilati...
biology
5,702
Dynamics of Acute Inflammation
q-bio.TO
When the body is infected, it mounts an acute inflammatory response to rid itself of the pathogens and restore health. Uncontrolled acute inflammation due to infection is defined clinically as Sepsis and can culminate in organ failure and death. We consider a three dimensional ordinary differential equation model of in...
biology
5,703
On tumor development: fractional transport approach
q-bio.TO
A growth of malignant neoplasm is considered as a fractional transport approach. We suggested that the main process of the tumor development through a lymphatic net is fractional transport of cells. In the framework of this fractional kinetics we were able to show that the mean size of main growth is due to subdiffusio...
biology
5,704
Periodic Oscillations of Blood Cell Populations in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
q-bio.TO
We develop some techniques to prove analytically the existence and stability of long period oscillations of stem cell populations in the case of periodic chronic myelogenous leukemia. Such a periodic oscillation $p_\infty $ can be analytically constructed when the hill coefficient involved in the nonlinear feedback is ...
biology
5,705
Oscillations in a maturation model of blood cell production
q-bio.TO
In this paper we use a continuous model to describe the development of a single cell lineage following the committal of stem cells. Three separate controls are implemented in the model, namely the proliferative control of stem cells, the proliferative control of developing blast cells, and the peripheral control of ste...
biology
5,706
Critical Scale-invariance in Healthy Human Heart Rate
q-bio.TO
We demonstrate the robust scale-invariance in the probability density function (PDF) of detrended healthy human heart rate increments, which is preserved not only in a quiescent condition, but also in a dynamic state where the mean level of heart rate is dramatically changing. This scale-independent and fractal structu...
biology
5,707
In vivo Cancer Marker in Mice
q-bio.TO
This work introduces an in vivo marker in mice from the altitude of the well, determined by this cancer.The duration of development and the altitude of the cancer well are obtained from the synchronization of the mechanics and the kinetics of the processes of normal and anomalous transport under tumor mass growth.The m...
biology
5,708
Energetic model of tumor growth
q-bio.TO
A macroscopic model of the tumor Gompertzian growth is proposed. This approach is based on the energetic balance among the different cell activities, described by methods of statistical mechanics and related to the growth inhibitor factors. The model is successfully applied to the multicellular tumor spheroid data.
biology
5,709
Telomere loss limits the rate of human epithelial tumor formation
q-bio.TO
Most human carcinomas exhibit telomere abnormalities early in the carcinogenesis process suggesting that crisis caused by telomere shortening may be a necessary event leading to human carcinomas. Epidemiological records of the age at which each patient in a population develops carcinoma are known as age-incidence data;...
biology
5,710
Modelling butterfly wing eyespot patterns
q-bio.TO
Eyespots are concentric motifs with contrasting colours on butterfly wings. Eyespots have intra- and inter-specific visual signalling functions with adaptive and selective roles. We propose a reaction-diffusion model that accounts for eyespot development. The model considers two diffusive morphogens and three non-diffu...
biology
5,711
Comments on "Structural dynamics and resonance in plants with nonlinear stiffness"
q-bio.TO
We make comments on the paper by Miller [{\it J. Theor. Biol.} {\bf 234} (2005) 511].
biology
5,712
Studies on European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Part 1: Variations of wood colour parameters
q-bio.TO
Colour parameters of European beech were measured using CIELab system. 103 logs from 87 trees in 9 sites were cut into boards to study the variations of wood colour parameters. Both site and tree effect on colour were observed. Patterns of red heartwood occurrence were defined. When excepting red heartwood there was st...
biology
5,713
Biological remodelling: Stationary energy, configurational change, internal variables and dissipation
q-bio.TO
Remodelling is defined as an evolution of microstructure or variations in the configuration of the underlying manifold. The manner in which a biological tissue and its subsystems remodel their structure is treated in a continuum mechanical setting. While some examples of remodelling are conveniently modelled as evoluti...
biology
5,714
Signal analysis of impulse response functions in MR- and CT-measurements of cerebral blood flow
q-bio.TO
The impulse response function (IRF) of a localized bolus in cerebral blood flow codes important information on the tissue type. It is indirectly accessible both from MR- and CT-imaging methods, at least in principle. In practice, however, noise and limited signal resolution render standard deconvolution techniques almo...
biology
5,715
Flow correlated percolation during vascular network formation in tumors
q-bio.TO
A theoretical model based on the molecular interactions between a growing tumor and a dynamically evolving blood vessel network describes the transformation of the regular vasculature in normal tissues into a highly inhomogeneous tumor specific capillary network. The emerging morphology, characterized by the compartmen...
biology
5,716
Long-range dependencies in heart rate signals- revisited
q-bio.TO
The RR series extracted from human electrocardiogram signal (ECG) is considered as a fractal stochastic process. The manifestation of long-range dependencies is the presence of power laws in scale dependent process characteristics. Exponents of these laws: $\beta$ - describing power spectrum decay, $\alpha$ - responsib...
biology
5,717
Does Cancer Growth Depend on Surface Extension?
q-bio.TO
We argue that volumetric growth dynamics of a solid cancer depend on the tumor system's overall surface extension. While this at first may seem evident, to our knowledge, so far no theoretical argument has been presented explaining this relationship explicitly. In here, we therefore develop a conceptual framework based...
biology
5,718
Influence of stochastic delays in Seidel-Herzel model of human cardiorespiratory system
q-bio.TO
Experiments that discuss influence of noise to H. Seidel and H. Herzel dynamics model of human cardiovascular system are presented. Noise is introduced by considering stochastic delays in response to the sympathetic system. It appears that in the presence of the noise 10 s heart rate oscillations connected with Mayer w...
biology
5,719
Tumors under periodic therapy -- Role of the immune response time delay
q-bio.TO
We model the interaction between the immune system and tumor cells including a time delay to simulate the time needed by the latter to develop a chemical and cell mediated response to the presence of the tumor. The results are compared with those of a previous paper, concluding that the delay introduces new instabiliti...
biology
5,720
A continuous model for cell sorting
q-bio.TO
The differential Adhesion Hypothesis (DAH) is a theory of the organization of cells within a tissue. In this study we introduce a stochastic model supporting the DAH, that can be seen as a continuous version of a discrete model of Graner and Glazier. Our approach is based on the mathematical framework of Gibbsian marke...
biology
5,721
Evidence for an unfolded border-collision bifurcation in paced cardiac tissue
q-bio.TO
We investigate, both experimentally and theoretically, the bifurcation to alternans in heart tissue. Previously, this phenomenon has been modeled either as a smooth or as border-collision period-doubling bifurcation. Using a new experimental technique, we find a hybrid behavior: very close to the bifurcation point the ...
biology
5,722
Asymptotic analysis and analytical solutions of a model of cardiac excitation
q-bio.TO
We describe an asymptotic approach to gated ionic models of single-cell cardiac excitability. It has a form essentially different from the Tikhonov fast-slow form assumed in standard asymptotic reductions of excitable systems. This is of interest since the standard approaches have been previously found inadequate to de...
biology
5,723
Cancer Dissemination: A Consequence of limited Carrying Capacity?
q-bio.TO
Assuming that there is feedback between an expanding cancer system and its organ-typical microenvironment, we argue here that such local tumor growth is guided by co-existence rather than competition with the surrounding tissue. We then present a novel concept that understands cancer dissemination as a biological mecha...
biology
5,724
Can all muscular load sharing patterns be regarded as optimal in some sense?
q-bio.TO
Muscles crossing a joint usually outnumber its degrees of freedom, which renders the motor system underdetermined. Typically, optimization laws are postulated to cope with this redundancy. A natural question then arises whether all muscular load sharing patterns can be regarded as results of optimization. To answer it,...
biology
5,725
The micromechanics of fluid-solid interactions during growth in porous soft biological tissue
q-bio.TO
In this paper we address some modelling issues related to biological growth. Our treatment is based on a recently-proposed, general formulation for growth within the context of Mixture Theory (Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 52, 2004, 1595--1625). We aim to enhance this treatment by making it more appro...
biology
5,726
Analyzing the Dynamic Relationship between Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis in a Two Dimensional Finite Element Model
q-bio.TO
Employing a novel two-dimensional computational model we have simulated the feedback between angiogenesis and tumor growth dynamics. Analyzing vessel formation and elongation towards the concentration gradient of the tumor-derived angiogenetic basic fibroblast growth factor, bFGF, we assumed that prior to the blood ves...
biology
5,727
Fitting analysis provides further evidence for eradication of hiv/aids infection under combined liposome drug delivery treatment
q-bio.TO
It is now evident that the commonly accepted strategy for treatment of HIV/AIDS by highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) will not lead to eradication of HIV in a reasonable time. This is straightforward from the typical exponential viral load decay upon treatment revealing initial considerable but incomplete red...
biology
5,728
Regional distribution of the prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 in the rat brain: accumulation in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum
q-bio.TO
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), is a major prostanoid produced by the activity of cyclooxygenases (COX) in response to various physiological and pathological stimuli. PGE2 exerts its effects by activating four specific E-type prostanoid receptors (EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4). In the present study, we analyzed the expression of th...
biology
5,729
Delayed treatment with nimesulide reduces measures of oxidative stress following global ischemic brain injury in gerbils
q-bio.TO
Metabolism of arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenase is one of the primary sources of reactive oxygen species in the ischemic brain. Neuronal overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 has recently been shown to contribute to neurodegeneration following ischemic injury. In the present study, we examined the possibility that the ne...
biology
5,730
Neuroprotective efficacy of nimesulide against hippocampal neuronal damage following transient forebrain ischemia
q-bio.TO
Cyclooxygenase-2 is involved in the inflammatory component of the ischemic cascade, playing an important role in the delayed progression of the brain damage. The present study evaluated the pharmacological effects of the selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor nimesulide on delayed neuronal death of hippocampal CA1 neuron...
biology
5,731
Time course of oxidative damage in different brain regions following transient cerebral ischemia in gerbils
q-bio.TO
The time course of oxidative damage in different brain regions was investigated in the gerbil model of transient cerebral ischemia. Animals were subjected to both common carotid arteries occlusion for 5 min. After the end of ischemia and at different reperfusion times (2, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 h and 7 days), markers of...
biology
5,732
The highly selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor DFU is neuroprotective when given several hours after transient cerebral ischemia in gerbils
q-bio.TO
Several studies suggest that cyclooxygenase-2 contributes to the delayed progression of ischemic brain damage. In this study we examined whether the highly selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor DFU reduces neuronal damage when administered several hours after 5 min of transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils. The extent ...
biology
5,733
Effects of pyruvate administration on infarct volume and neurological deficits following permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rats
q-bio.TO
Recent experimental evidences indicate that pyruvate, the final metabolite of glycolysis, has a remarkable protective effect against different types of brain injury. The purpose of this study was to assess the neuroprotective effect and the neurological outcome after pyruvate administration in a model of ischemic strok...
biology
5,734
Nimesulide limits kainate-induced oxidative damage in the rat hippocampus
q-bio.TO
Kainate induces a marked expression of cyclooxygenase-2 after its systemic administration. Because cyclooxygenase-2 activity is associated to the production of reactive oxygen species, we investigated the effects of nimesulide, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, on kainate-induced in vivo oxidative damage in the r...
biology
5,735
Selective vulnerability to kainate-induced oxidative damage in different rat brain regions
q-bio.TO
Some markers of oxidative injury were measured in different rat brain areas (hippocampus, cerebral cortex, striatum, hypothalamus, amygdala/piriform cortex and cerebellum) after the systemic administration of an excitotoxic dose of kainic acid (KA, 9 mg kg(-1) i.p.) at two different sampling times (24 and 48 h). Kainic...
biology
5,736
Modeling the variability of shapes of a human placenta
q-bio.TO
While it is well-understood what a normal human placenta should look like, a deviation from the norm can take many possible shapes. In this paper we propose a mechanism for this variability based on the change in the structure of the vascular tree.
biology
5,737
Morphogenesis of growing soft tissues
q-bio.TO
Recently, much attention has been given to a noteworthy property of some soft tissues: their ability to grow. Many attempts have been made to model this behaviour in biology, chemistry and physics. Using the theory of finite elasticity, Rodriguez has postulated a multiplicative decomposition of the geometric deformatio...
biology
5,738
A ptototype compartmental model of blood pressure distribution
q-bio.TO
We consider a system of differential equations the behavior of which solutions possesses several properties characteristic of the blood pressure distribution. The system can be used for a compartmental modeling of the cardiovascular system. It admits a unique bounded solution such that all coordinates of the solution a...
biology
5,739
Hot spot formation in tumor vasculature during tumor growth in an arterio-venous-network environment
q-bio.TO
Hot spots in tumors are regions of high vascular density in the center of the tumor and their analysis is an important diagnostic tool in cancer treatment. We present a model for vascular remodeling in tumors predicting that the formation of hot spots correlates with local inhomogeneities of the original arterio-venous...
biology
5,740
Hepatocyte Aggregates: Methods of Preparation in the Microgravity Simulating Bioreactor Use in Tissue Engineering
q-bio.TO
Tissue Engineering concerns the three-dimensional cell growth so that bio-artificial tissues could be created and used for transplantation. The recently expressed concerns from the Tissue Engineering research community for a re-direction of the research activities necessitate the proposition of new methodologies. We pr...
biology
5,741
The dynamics of human body weight change
q-bio.TO
An imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure will lead to a change in body weight (mass) and body composition (fat and lean masses). A quantitative understanding of the processes involved, which currently remains lacking, will be useful in determining the etiology and treatment of obesity and other conditi...
biology
5,742
Low energy defibrillation in human cardiac tissue: a simulation study
q-bio.TO
We aim to assess the effectiveness of feedback controlled resonant drift pacing as a method for low energy defibrillation. Antitachycardia pacing is the only low energy defibrillation approach to have gained clinical significance, but it is still suboptimal. Low energy defibrillation would avoid adverse side effects as...
biology
5,743
New Mechanics of Traumatic Brain Injury
q-bio.TO
The prediction and prevention of traumatic brain injury is a very important aspect of preventive medical science. This paper proposes a new coupled loading-rate hypothesis for the traumatic brain injury (TBI), which states that the main cause of the TBI is an external Euclidean jolt, or SE(3)-jolt, an impulsive loading...
biology
5,744
Stroke volume estimation by thoracocardiography is better when glottis is closed
q-bio.TO
Thoracocardiography approach pretends to non-invasively monitor stroke volume by inductive plethysmographic recording of ventricular volume curves by a transducer placed on the chest. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of thoracocardiography to estimate stroke volumes while apnea with open glott...
biology
5,745
SAPHIR - a multi-scale, multi-resolution modeling environment targeting blood pressure regulation and fluid homeostasis
q-bio.TO
We present progress on a comprehensive, modular, interactive modeling environment centered on overall regulation of blood pressure and body fluid homeostasis. We call the project SAPHIR, for "a Systems Approach for PHysiological Integration of Renal, cardiac, and respiratory functions". The project uses state-of-the-ar...
biology
5,746
Potential Phytoextraction with in-vitro regenerated plantlets of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. in presence of CdCl$_2$: Cadmium accumulation and physiological parameter measurement
q-bio.TO
Heavy metal contamination of agricultural land is partly responsible for limiting crop productivity. Cd$^{2+}$ is known as a non-essentiel HM that can be harmful to plants even at low concentrations. Brassica juncea (L.) is able to accumulate more than 400 $\mu$g.g$^{-1}$ D.W. in the shoot, a physiological trait which ...
biology
5,747
Micropropagation of three genotypes of Indian mustard [{Brassica juncea} (L.) Czern.] using seedling-derived transverse thin cell layer (tTCL) explants
q-bio.TO
Micropropagation of three genotypes of Indian mustard [\textit{Brassica juncea} (L.) Czern.] using 7-days old seedling-derived transverse thin cell layer (tTCL) explants was accomplished. The genotype, explant source and addition of silver nitrate to the medium significantly influenced shoot bud induction. MS medium ...
biology
5,748
Beneficial effects of intercellular interactions between pancreatic islet cells in blood glucose regulation
q-bio.TO
Glucose homeostasis is controlled by the islets of Langerhans which are equipped with alpha-cells increasing the blood glucose level, beta-cells decreasing it, and delta-cells the precise role of which still needs identifying. Although intercellular communications between these endocrine cells have recently been observ...
biology
5,749
Steric Constraints as a Global Regulation of Growing Leaf Shape
q-bio.TO
Shape is one of the important characteristics for the structures observed in living organisms. Whereas biologists have proposed models where the shape is controlled on a molecular level [1], physicists, following Turing [2] and d'Arcy Thomson [3], have developed theories where patterns arise spontaneously [4]. Here, we...
biology
5,750
Aging as a consequence of misrepair -- a novel theory of aging
q-bio.TO
It is now increasingly realized that the underlying mechanism which governs aging (ageing) is a complex interplay of genetic regulation and damage-accumulation. "Aging as a result of accumulation of 'faults' on cellular and molecular levels", has been proposed in the damage (fault)-accumulation theory. However, this th...
biology
5,751
Isoprenaline increases Excursive Restitution Slope in the Conscious Rabbit with Ischaemic Heart Failure
q-bio.TO
Background: An increased QT/RR slope is hypothesized to be predictive of sudden cardiac death after myocardial infarction. Previous studies have shown that beta-adrenergic stimulation increases QT/RR slope, but the effects of beta-adrenergic stimulation on QT/RR slope in heart failure are unknown. Methods: New Zealand ...
biology
5,752
Asymptotics of conduction velocity restitution in models of electrical excitation in the heart
q-bio.TO
We extend a non-Tikhonov asymptotic embedding, proposed earlier, for calculation of conduction velocity restitution curves in ionic models of cardiac excitability. Conduction velocity restitution is the simplest nontrivial spatially extended problem in excitable media, and in the case of cardiac tissue it is an importa...
biology
5,753
Variant assumptions made in deriving equilibrium solutions to Little et al (PLoS Comput Biol 2009 5(10) e1000539)
q-bio.TO
The paper of Little et al. (PloS Comput Biol 2009 5(10) e1000539) outlined a system of reaction-diffusion equations that were used to describe induction of atherosclerotic disease. These were solved by considering an equilibrium solution and small perturbations around this equilibrium. Here we consider slight variant s...
biology
5,754
Growth-Algorithm Model of Leaf Shape
q-bio.TO
The innumerable shapes of plant leaves present a challenge to the explanatory power of biophysical theory. A model is needed that can produce these shapes with a small set of parameters. This paper presents a simple model of leaf shape based on a growth algorithm, which governs the growth rate of leaf tissue in two dim...
biology
5,755
Frequency Structure of Heart Rate Variability
q-bio.TO
Factor structure of heart rate periodogram has been detected with factor analysis. The results showed that there are at least four periodical phenomena of HRV. Two of them have not been discovered and physiologically explained yet. Their frequency ranges are 0.21 to 0.31 1/beat with the peak at 0.26 1/beat and 0.25 to ...
biology
5,756
Myocardial Contractions and the Ventricular Pressure--Volume Relationship
q-bio.TO
We present a reduced-order heart model with the aim of introducing a novel point of view in the interpretation of the pressure-volume loops. The novelty of the approach is based on the definition of active contraction as opposed to that of active stress. The consequences of the assumption are discussed with reference t...
biology
5,757
General analysis of mathematical models for bone remodeling
q-bio.TO
Bone remodeling is regulated by pathways controlling the interplay of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In this work, we apply the method of generalized modelling to systematically analyse a large class of models of bone remodeling. Our analysis shows that osteoblast precursors can play an important role in the regulation o...
biology
5,758
Computational challenges of tumor spheroid modeling
q-bio.TO
The speed and the versatility of today's computers open up new opportunities to simulate complex biological systems. Here we review a computational approach recently proposed by us to model large tumor cell populations and spheroids, and we put forward general considerations that apply to any fine-grained numerical mod...
biology
5,759
Abnormality of the placental vasculature affects placental thickness
q-bio.TO
Our empirical modeling suggests that deformation of placental vascular growth is associated with abnormal placental chorionic surface shape. Altered chorionic surface shape is associated with lowered placental functional efficiency. We hypothesize that placentas with deformed chorionic surface vascular trees and reduce...
biology
5,760
A validated model of serum anti-Mullerian hormone from conception to menopause
q-bio.TO
Background: Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is a product of growing ovarian follicles. The concentration of AMH in blood may also reflect the non-growing follicle (NGF) population, i.e. the ovarian reserve, and be of value in predicting reproductive lifespan. A full description of AMH production up to the menopause has no...
biology
5,761
Human ovarian reserve from conception to the menopause
q-bio.TO
The human ovary contains a fixed number of non-growing follicles (NGFs) established before birth that decline with increasing age culminating in the menopause at 50-51 years. The objective of this study is to model the age-related population of NGFs in the human ovary from conception to menopause. Data were taken from ...
biology
5,762
Psoriasis as a consequence of incorporation of beta-streptococci into the microbiocenosis of highly permeable intestines (a pathogenic concept)
q-bio.TO
A review of recent investigations into pathogenesis of psoriasis summarizing data on the relationship between the presence {\beta}-streptococci in the organism and the cutaneous immune reaction. Results of the studies on gastrointestinal pathology in psoriatic patients are presented. The authors propose a hypothesis th...
biology
5,763
Stability of nonconstant stationary solutions in a reaction-diffusion equation coupled to the system of ordinary differential equations
q-bio.TO
In this paper we study pattern formation arising in a system of a single reaction-diffusion equation coupled with subsystem of ordinary differential equations, describing spatially-distributed growth of clonal populations of precancerous cells, whose proliferation is controled by growth factors diffusing in the extrace...
biology
5,764
Psoriasis as a consequence of incorporation of beta-streptococci into the microbiocenosis of highly permeable intestines (a pathogenic concept). Russian edition
q-bio.TO
A review of recent investigations into pathogenesis of psoriasis summarizing data on the relationship between the presence beta-streptococci in the organism and the cutaneous immune reaction. Results of the studies on gastrointestinal pathology in psoriatic patients are presented. The authors propose a hypothesis that ...
biology
5,765
Pattern formation in auxin flux
q-bio.TO
The plant hormone auxin is fundamental for plant growth, and its spatial distribution in plant tissues is critical for plant morphogenesis. We consider a leading model of the polar auxin flux, and study in full detail the stability of the possible equilibrium configurations. We show that the critical states of the auxi...
biology
5,766
Dinamics of HPV Infection among Women with Cervical Lesions
q-bio.TO
A total of 293 women treated at Tomsk Cancer Research Institute were examined. HPV type 16 had the highest incidence rate (45.0%) followed by HPV 31-17,0%, HPV 56/33-15,0%, HPV 51/18/52-13,0%, HPV 58/35/39/45-7,0%, HPV 59-5,0%. Persistent infection was detected in 35.7% of primarily HPV-positive cases (10 out of 28 pat...
biology
5,767
The cellular dynamics of bone remodeling: a mathematical model
q-bio.TO
The mechanical properties of vertebrate bone are largely determined by a process which involves the complex interplay of three different cell types. This process is called {\it bone remodeling}, and occurs asynchronously at multiple sites in the mature skeleton. The cells involved are bone resorbing osteoclasts, bone m...
biology
5,768
Propagating left/right asymmetry in the zebrafish embryo: one-dimensional model
q-bio.TO
During embryonic development in vertebrates, left-right (L/R) asymmetry is reliably generated by a conserved mechanism: a L/R asymmetric signal is transmitted from the embryonic node to other parts of the embryo by the L/R asymmetric expression and diffusion of the TGF-$\beta$ related proteins Nodal and Lefty via propa...
biology
5,769
In vitro and in vivo antileishmanial efficacy of a combination therapy of diminazene and artesunate against Leishmania donovani in BALB /c mice
q-bio.TO
The in vitro and in vivo activity of diminazene (Dim), artesunate (Art) and combination of Dim and Art (Dim-Art) against Leishmania donovani was compared to reference drug; amphotericin B. IC50 of Dim-Art was found to be $2.28 \pm 0.24 \mu$ g/mL while those of Dim and Art were $9.16 \pm 0.3 \mu$ g/mL and $4.64 \pm 0.48...
biology
5,770
The Fundamental Theorem of Phyllotaxis revisited
q-bio.TO
Jean's `Fundamental Theorem of Phyllotaxis' (\emph{Phyllotaxis: a systematic study in Plant Morphogenesis}, CUP 1994) describes the relationship between the count numbers of observed spirals in cylindrical lattices and the horizontal angle between vertically successive spots in the lattice. It is indeed fundamental to ...
biology
5,771
Simulating Organogenesis in COMSOL
q-bio.TO
Organogenesis is a tightly regulated process that has been studied experimentally for decades. Computational models can help to integrate available knowledge and to better understand the underlying regulatory logic. We are currently studying mechanistic models for the development of limbs, lungs, kidneys, and bone. We ...
biology
5,772
Branch Mode Selection during Early Lung Development
q-bio.TO
Many organs of higher organisms, such as the vascular system, lung, kidney, pancreas, liver and glands, are heavily branched structures. The branching process during lung development has been studied in great detail and is remarkably stereotyped. The branched tree is generated by the sequential, non-random use of three...
biology
5,773
Immunomodulatory role of an Ayurvedic formulation on imbalanced immune-metabolics during inflammatory responses of obesity and pre-diabetic disease
q-bio.TO
Obesity and related type 2 diabetes are associated with a low level chronic inflammatory state with disease status increasing at epidemic proportions worldwide. It is now universally accepted that the underlying immune-inflammatory responses mediated within the adipose tissue in obesity are central to the development o...
biology
5,774
The effect of low doses of cadmium and zinc chloride on the Blood-Testis Barrier of Sprague Dawley rats
q-bio.TO
Background: Cadmium chloride is an environmental toxic that affects the male reproductive system. This study was directed 1) to evaluate whether long-term oral exposures to low doses of Cd in rats causes morphological changes, 2) the immunohistochemical TJ and AJ protein expression; and 3) to evidence that zinc exposur...
biology
5,775
Immunoexpression of Nm23: correlation with traditional prognostic markers in breast carcinoma
q-bio.TO
Fifty cases of breast carcinoma were investigated for Nm23, LPA1, Ki67 and p53 antigen expression, using immunohistochemical techniques. Correlation between markers was studied. Nm23 showed an inverse correlation with LPA1 and Ki67, and positive with p53. Nm23/LPA1presented significant (p<0.001) negative correlation wi...
biology
5,776
On applications of conservation laws in pharmacokinetics
q-bio.TO
There has been certain criticism raised by A. Rescigno [2,8,9,12-15] against the standard formulation of pharmacokinetics. In 2011 it has been suggested that inconsistencies in pharmacokinetics should be eliminated after deriving "pharmacokinetic parameters" from conservation laws [3]. In the following text a simple sy...
biology
5,777
On the Way to More Convenient Description of Drug-Plasma Protein Binding
q-bio.TO
The theoretical case is considered where the total amount of plasma protein is conserved, but the drug is eliminated after its single application. After a single drug application at time t = 0, the total drug concentration is measured at times ti,...,tk and the total drug concentration at time ti is denoted by {\phi}i....
biology
5,778
The model muddle: in search of tumour growth laws
q-bio.TO
In this article we shall trace the historical development of tumour growth laws, which in a quantitative fashion describe the increase in tumour mass/volume over time. These models are usually formulated in terms of differential equations that relate the growth rate of the tumour to its current state, and range from th...
biology
5,779
The Flexibility and Musculature of the Ostrich Neck: Implications for the Feeding Ecology and Reconstruction of the Sauropoda (Dinosauria:Saurischia)
q-bio.TO
The Sauropoda were the largest terrestrial animals ever to have lived on this planet. As their nutritional requirements were so huge, their diet holds sway over the ecology of many Mesozoic herbivores. The diet of the sauropods is limited by their feeding envelope, which in turn is governed by the posture and flexibili...
biology
5,780
Aspects of the history, anatomy, taxonomy and palaeobiology of sauropod dinosaurs
q-bio.TO
Although the sauropod dinosaurs have been recognised for more than a hundred and sixty years, much remains to be discovered and understood about their functional anatomy and palaeobiology. Older taxa require revision and new taxa await description. The characteristic long necks of sauropods are mechanically perplexing ...
biology
5,781
Computational and Experimental Study of the Mechanics of Embryonic Wound Healing
q-bio.TO
Wounds in the embryo show a remarkable ability to heal quickly without leaving a scar. Previous studies have found that an actomyosin ring ("purse string") forms around the wound perimeter and contracts to close the wound over the course of several dozens of minutes. Here, we report experiments that reveal an even fast...
biology
5,782
Senescent fibroblasts can drive melanoma initiation and progression
q-bio.TO
Skin is one of the largest human organ systems whose primary purpose is the protection of deeper tissues. As such, the skin must maintain a homeostatic balance in the face of many microenvironmental and genetic perturbations. At its simplest, skin homeostasis is maintained by the balance between skin cell growth and de...
biology
5,783
WARN: an R package for quantitative reconstruction of weaning ages in archaeological populations using bone collagen nitrogen isotope ratios
q-bio.TO
Nitrogen isotope analysis of bone collagen has been used to reconstruct the breastfeeding practices of archaeological human populations. However, weaning ages have been estimated subjectively because of a lack of both information on subadult bone collagen turnover rates and appropriate analytical models. Here, we prese...
biology
5,784
A Systems Model of the Eco-physiological Response of Plants to Environmental Heavy Metal Concentrations
q-bio.TO
The ecophysiological response of plants to environmental heavy metal stress is indicated by the profile of its tissue HM concentrations (Cp) versus the concentration of the HM in the substrate (Cs). We report a systems biology approach to the modelling of the Cp- Cs profile using as loose analogy, the Verhulst model of...
biology
5,785
Arterial stiffening provides sufficient explanation for primary hypertension
q-bio.TO
Hypertension is one of the most common age-related chronic diseases and by predisposing individuals for heart failure, stroke and kidney disease, it is a major source of morbidity and mortality. Its etiology remains enigmatic despite intense research efforts over many decades. By use of empirically well-constrained com...
biology
5,786
Mathematical modeling of the metastatic process
q-bio.TO
Mathematical modeling in cancer has been growing in popularity and impact since its inception in 1932. The first theoretical mathematical modeling in cancer research was focused on understanding tumor growth laws and has grown to include the competition between healthy and normal tissue, carcinogenesis, therapy and met...
biology
5,787
Travelling wave analysis of a mathematical model of glioblastoma growth
q-bio.TO
In this paper we analyse a previously proposed cell-based model of glioblastoma (brain tumour) growth, which is based on the assumption that the cancer cells switch phenotypes between a proliferative and motile state (Gerlee and Nelander, PLoS Comp. Bio., 8(6) 2012). The dynamics of this model can be described by a sys...
biology
5,788
Compartmental analysis of nuclear imaging data for the quantification of FDG liver metabolism
q-bio.TO
This paper utilizes compartmental analysis and a statistical optimization technique in order to reduce a compartmental model describing the metabolism of labelled glucose in liver. Specifically, we first design a compartmental model for the gut providing as output the tracer concentration in the portal vein. This quant...
biology
5,789
Reduction of breast cancer relapses with perioperative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: new findings and a review
q-bio.TO
To explain a bimodal pattern of hazard of relapse among early stage breast cancer patients identified in multiple databases, we proposed that late relapses result from steady stochastic progressions from single dormant malignant cells to avascular micrometastases and then on to growing deposits. However in order to exp...
biology
5,790
Inter-dependent Tissue Growth and Turing Patterning in a Model for Long Bone Development
q-bio.TO
The development of long bones requires a sophisticated spatial organization of cellular signaling, proliferation, and differentiation programs. How such spatial organization emerges on the growing long bone domain is still unresolved. Based on the reported biochemical interactions we developed a regulatory model for th...
biology
5,791
Fractal growth of tumors and other cellular populations: Linking the mechanistic to the phenomenological modeling and vice versa
q-bio.TO
In this paper we study and extend the mechanistic mean field theory of growth of cellular populations proposed by Mombach et al in (Mombach J. C. M. et al., Europhysics Letter, 59 (2002) 923) (MLBI model), and we demonstrate that the original model and our generalizations lead to inferences of biological interest. In t...
biology
5,792
A non-linear mathematical model of cell turnover, differentiation and tumorigenesis in the intestinal crypt
q-bio.TO
We present a development of a model of the relationship between cells in three compartments of the intestinal crypt: stem cells, semi-differentiated cells and fully differentiated cells. Stem and semi-differentiated cells may divide to self-renew, undergo programmed death or progress to semi-differentiated and fully di...
biology
5,793
A general framework for modeling tumor-immune system competition and immunotherapy: mathematical analysis and biomedical inferences
q-bio.TO
In this work we propose and investigate a family of models, which admits as particular cases some well known mathematical models of tumor-immune system interaction, with the additional assumption that the influx of immune system cells may be a function of the number of cancer cells. Constant, periodic and impulsive the...
biology
5,794
A filter-flow perspective of hematogenous metastasis offers a non-genetic paradigm for personalized cancer therapy
q-bio.TO
Research into mechanisms of hematogenous metastasis has largely become genetic in focus, attempting to understand the molecular basis of `seed-soil' relationships. Preceeding this biological mechanism is the physical process of dissemination of circulating tumour cells (CTCs). We utilize a `filter-flow' paradigm to sho...
biology
5,795
Precision and reproducibility of macroscopic developmental patterns
q-bio.TO
Developmental processes in multicellular organisms occur far from equilibrium, yet produce complex patterns with astonishing reproducibility. We measure the precision and reproducibility of bilaterally symmetric fly wings across the natural range of genetic and environmental conditions and find that wing patterns are s...
biology
5,796
Overt and covert paths for sound in the auditory system of mammals
q-bio.TO
The consensus, according to which the transmission of sound from the tympanum to the Outer Hair Cells is solely mechanical, is problematic, especially with respect to high pitched sounds. We demonstrate that the collagenous fibers of the tympanum produce electric potentials synchronous to acoustic vibrations and that, ...
biology
5,797
Modeling and Simulation of the Effects of Cyclic Loading on Articular Cartilage Lesion Formation
q-bio.TO
We present a model of articular cartilage lesion formation to simulate the effects of cyclic loading. This model extends and modifies the reaction-diffusion-delay model by Graham et al. 2012 for the spread of a lesion formed though a single traumatic event. Our model represents "implicitly" the effects of loading, mean...
biology
5,798
A Bayesian approach to accounting for variability in mechanical properties in biomaterials
q-bio.TO
In this paper, we present an approach for modeling bio-tissues that incorporates the variability in properties as part of their characteristics. This is achieved by considering the parameters of the model of a biomaterial to themselves be random variables and represented by a probability distribution over the space of ...
biology
5,799
Fine temporal structure of cardiorespiratory synchronization
q-bio.TO
Cardiac and respiratory rhythms are known to exhibit a modest degree of phase synchronization, which is affected by age, diseases, and other factors. We study the fine temporal structure of this synchrony in healthy young, healthy elderly, and elderly subjects with coronary artery disease. We employ novel time-series a...
biology