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5,900 | HAT-P-11b: A Super-Neptune Planet Transiting a Bright K Star in the Kepler Field | astro-ph.EP | We report on the discovery of HAT-P-11b, the smallest radius transiting
extrasolar planet (TEP) discovered from the ground, and the first hot Neptune
discovered to date by transit searches. HAT-P-11b orbits the bright (V=9.587)
and metal rich ([Fe=H] = +0.31 +/- 0.05) K4 dwarf star GSC 03561-02092 with P =
4.8878162 +/... | physics |
5,901 | Physical collisions of moonlets and clumps with the Saturn's F-ring core | astro-ph.EP | Since 2004, observations of Saturn's F ring have revealed that the ring's
core is surrounded by structures with radial scales of hundreds of kilometers,
called "spirals" and "jets". Gravitational scattering by nearby moons was
suggested as a potential production mechanism; however, it remained doubtful
because a popula... | physics |
5,902 | Discovering the Growth Histories of Exoplanets: The Saturn Analog HD 149026b | astro-ph.EP | The transiting "hot Saturn" HD 149026b, which has the highest mean density of
any confirmed planet in the Neptune-Jupiter mass range, has challenged theories
of planet formation since its discovery in 2005. Previous investigations could
not explain the origin of the planet's 45-110 Earth-mass solid core without
invokin... | physics |
5,903 | Transit observations at the observatory in Grossschwabhausen: XO-1b and TrES-1 | astro-ph.EP | We report on observations of transit events of the transiting planets XO-1b
and TrES-1 with the AIU Jena telescope in Grossschwabhausen. Based on our IR
photometry (in March 2007) and available transit timings (SuperWASP, XO and
TLC-project-data) we improved the orbital period of XO-1b (P =
3.941497$\pm$0.000006) and T... | physics |
5,904 | Thermal Tides in Short Period Exoplanets | astro-ph.EP | Time-dependent insolation in a planetary atmosphere induces a mass quadrupole
upon which the stellar tidal acceleration can exert a force. This "thermal
tide" force can give rise to secular torques on the planet and orbit as well as
radial forces causing eccentricity evolution. We apply this idea to the
close-in gas gi... | physics |
5,905 | A Metric and Optimisation Scheme for Microlens Planet Searches | astro-ph.EP | OGLE III and MOA II are discovering 600-1000 Galactic Bulge microlens events
each year. This stretches the resources available for intensive follow-up
monitoring of the lightcurves in search of anomalies caused by planets near the
lens stars. We advocate optimizing microlens planet searches by using an
automatic priori... | physics |
5,906 | Abundances of the elements in the solar system | astro-ph.EP | A review of the abundances and condensation temperatures of the elements and
their nuclides in the solar nebula and in chondritic meteorites. Abundances of
the elements in some neighboring stars are also discussed. | physics |
5,907 | The Earth as an extrasolar planet: The vegetation spectral signature today and during the last Quaternary climatic extrema | astro-ph.EP | The so-called Vegetation Red-Edge (VRE), a sharp increase in the reflectance
around $700 nm$, is a characteristic of vegetation spectra, and can therefore
be used as a biomarker if it can be detected in an unresolved extrasolar
Earth-like planet integrated reflectance spectrum. Here we investigate the
potential for det... | physics |
5,908 | On the various origins of close-in extrasolar planets | astro-ph.EP | The extrasolar planets (EPs) so far detected are very different to the
planets in our own Solar System. Many of them have Jupiter-like masses and
close-in orbits (the so-called hot planets, HPs), with orbital periods of only
a few days. In this paper, we present a new statistical analysis of the
observed EPs, focusing ... | physics |
5,909 | Intermittent turbulence, noisy fluctuations and wavy structures in the Venusian magnetosheath and wake | astro-ph.EP | Recent research has shown that distinct physical regions in the Venusian
induced magnetosphere are recognizable from the variations of strength of the
magnetic field and its wave/fluctuation activity. In this paper the statistical
properties of magnetic fluctuations are investigated in the Venusian
magnetosheath and wa... | physics |
5,910 | Vortices in self-gravitating gaseous discs | astro-ph.EP | (abridged) Vortices are believed to play a role in the formation of km-sized
planetesimals. However, vortex dynamics is commonly studied in
non-self-gravitating discs. The main goal here is to examine the effects of
disc self-gravity on vortex dynamics. For this purpose, we employ the 2D
self-gravitating shearing sheet... | physics |
5,911 | Planet formation bursts at the borders of the dead zone in 2D numerical simulations of circumstellar disks | astro-ph.EP | As accretion in protoplanetary disks is enabled by turbulent viscosity, the
border between active and inactive (dead) zones constitutes a location where
there is an abrupt change in the accretion flow. The gas accumulation that
ensues triggers the Rossby wave instability, that in turn saturates into
anticyclonic vortic... | physics |
5,912 | 2006 SQ372: A Likely Long-Period Comet from the Inner Oort Cloud | astro-ph.EP | We report the discovery of a minor planet (2006 SQ372) on an orbit with a
perihelion of 24 AU and a semimajor axis of 796 AU. Dynamical simulations show
that this is a transient orbit and is unstable on a timescale of 200 Myrs.
Falling near the upper semimajor axis range of the scattered disk and the lower
semimajor ax... | physics |
5,913 | The HD 40307 Planetary System: Super-Earths or Mini-Neptunes? | astro-ph.EP | Three planets with minimum masses less than 10 Earth masses orbit the star HD
40307, suggesting these planets may be rocky. However, with only radial
velocity data, it is impossible to determine if these planets are rocky or
gaseous. Here we exploit various dynamical features of the system in order to
assess the physic... | physics |
5,914 | Mercury's capture into the 3/2 spin-orbit resonance including the effect of core-mantle friction | astro-ph.EP | The rotation of Mercury is presently captured in a 3/2 spin-orbit resonance
with the orbital mean motion. The capture mechanism is well understood as the
result of tidal interactions with the Sun combined with planetary
perturbations. However, it is now almost certain that Mercury has a liquid
core, which should induce... | physics |
5,915 | Ground-based secondary eclipse detection of the very-hot Jupiter OGLE-TR-56b | astro-ph.EP | We report on the detection of the secondary eclipse of the very-hot Jupiter
OGLE-TR-56b from combined z-band time series photometry obtained with the VLT
and Magellan telescopes. We measure a flux decrement of 0.0363+/-0.0091 percent
from the combined Magellan and VLT datasets, which indicates a blackbody
brightness te... | physics |
5,916 | Ground-based K-band detection of thermal emission from the exoplanet TrES-3b | astro-ph.EP | Context: Secondary eclipse measurements of transiting extrasolar planets with
the Spitzer Space Telescope have yielded several direct detections of thermal
exoplanet light. Since Spitzer operates at wavelengths longward of 3.6 um,
arguably one of the most interesting parts of the planet spectrum (from 1 to 3
um) is ina... | physics |
5,917 | Exoplanets - search methods, discoveries, and prospects for astrobiology | astro-ph.EP | Whereas the Solar System has Mars and Europa as the best candidates for
finding fossil/extant life as we know it - based on complex carbon compounds
and liquid water - the 263 (non-pulsar) planetary systems around other stars as
known at 15 September 2008 could between them possess many more planets where
life might ex... | physics |
5,918 | Falling Transiting Extrasolar Giant Planets | astro-ph.EP | We revisit the tidal stability of extrasolar systems harboring a transiting
planet and demonstrate that, independently of any tidal model, none but one
(HAT-P-2b) of these planets has a tidal equilibrium state, which implies
ultimately a collision of these objects with their host star. Consequently,
conventional circul... | physics |
5,919 | The chemical diversity of comets | astro-ph.EP | A fundamental question in cometary science is whether the different dynamical
classes of comets have different chemical compositions, which would reflect
different initial conditions. From the ground or Earth orbit, radio and
infrared spectroscopic observations of a now significant sample of comets
indeed reveal deep d... | physics |
5,920 | On the width and shape of the corotation region for low-mass planets | astro-ph.EP | We study the coorbital flow for embedded, low mass planets. We provide a
simple semi-analytic model for the corotation region, which is subsequently
compared to high resolution numerical simulations. The model is used to derive
an expression for the half-width of the horseshoe region, x_s, which in the
limit of zero so... | physics |
5,921 | On corotation torques, horseshoe drag and the possibility of sustained stalled or outward protoplanetary migration | astro-ph.EP | We study the torque on low mass protoplanets on fixed circular orbits,
embedded in a protoplanetary disc in the isothermal limit. For low mass
protoplanets and large viscosity the corotation torque behaves as expected from
linear theory. However, when the viscosity becomes small enough to enable
horseshoe turns to occu... | physics |
5,922 | Secondary radio eclipse of the transiting planet HD 189733 b: an upper limit at 307-347 MHz | astro-ph.EP | We report the first attempt to observe the secondary eclipse of a transiting
extra-solar planet at radio wavelengths. We observed HD 189733 b with the
Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope of the NRAO over about 5.5 hours before,
during and after secondary eclipse, at frequencies of 307 - 347 MHz. In this
frequency range... | physics |
5,923 | Why did Comet 17P/Holmes burst out? | astro-ph.EP | Based on millimeter-wavelength continuum observations we suggest that the
recent 'spectacle' of comet 17P/Holmes can be explained by a thick, air-tight
dust cover and the effects of H2O sublimation, which started when the comet
arrived at the heliocentric distance <= 2.5 AU. The porous structure inside the
nucleus prov... | physics |
5,924 | Optical polarimetry of Comet NEAT C/2001 Q4 | astro-ph.EP | Comet NEAT C/2001 Q4 was observed for linear polarization using the optical
polarimeter mounted at the 1.2m telescope at Mt. Abu Observatory, during the
months of May and June 2004. Observations were conducted through the
International Halley Watch narrow band (continuum) and B,V,R broad band
filters. During the observ... | physics |
5,925 | Interpreting the yield of transit surveys: Are there groups in the known transiting planets population? | astro-ph.EP | Each transiting planet discovered is characterized by 7 measurable
quantities, that may or may not be linked together (planet mass, radius,
orbital period, and star mass, radius, effective temperature, and metallicity).
Correlations between planet mass and period, surface gravity and period, planet
radius and star temp... | physics |
5,926 | The architecture of the GJ876 planetary system. Masses and orbital coplanarity for planets b and c | astro-ph.EP | We present a combined analysis of previously published high-precision radial
velocities and astrometry for the GJ876 planetary system using a
self-consistent model that accounts for the planet-planet interactions.
Assuming the three planets so far identified in the system are coplanar, we
find that including the astrom... | physics |
5,927 | Concerning thermal tides on hot Jupiters | astro-ph.EP | By analogy with a mechanism proposed by Gold and Soter to explain the
retrograde rotation of Venus, Arras and Socrates suggest that thermal tides may
excite hot jovian exoplanets into nonsynchronous rotation, and perhaps also
noncircular orbits. It is shown here that because of the absence of a solid
surface above the ... | physics |
5,928 | Diurnal Thermal Tides in a Non-synchronized Hot Jupiter | astro-ph.EP | We perform a linear analysis to investigate the dynamical response of a
non-synchronized hot Jupiter to stellar irradiation. In this work, we consider
the diurnal Fourier harmonic of the stellar irradiation acting at the top of a
radiative layer of a hot Jupiter with no clouds and winds. In the absence of
the Coriolis ... | physics |
5,929 | Accurate estimation of third-order moments from turbulence measurements | astro-ph.EP | Politano and Pouquet's law, a generalization of Kolmogorov's four-fifths law
to incompressible MHD, makes it possible to measure the energy cascade rate in
incompressible MHD turbulence by means of third-order moments. In
hydrodynamics, accurate measurement of third-order moments requires large
amounts of data because ... | physics |
5,930 | Long-term impact risk for (101955) 1999 RQ36 | astro-ph.EP | The potentially hazardous asteroid (101955) 1999 RQ36 has the possibility of
collision with the Earth in the latter half of the 22nd century, well beyond
the traditional 100-year time horizon for routine impact monitoring. The
probabilities accumulate to a total impact probability of approximately 10E-3,
with a pair of... | physics |
5,931 | A Comparison of Water Vapor Line Parameters for Modeling the Venus Deep Atmosphere | astro-ph.EP | The discovery of the near infrared windows into the Venus deep atmosphere has
enabled the use of remote sensing techniques to study the composition of the
Venus atmosphere below the clouds. In particular, water vapor absorption lines
can be observed in a number of the near-infrared windows allowing measurement
of the H... | physics |
5,932 | A Shocking Solar Nebula? | astro-ph.EP | It has been suggested that shock waves in the solar nebula formed the high
temperature materials observed in meteorites and comets. It is shown that the
temperatures at the inner rim of the solar nebula could have been high enough
over a sufficient length of time to produce chondrules, CAIs, refractory dust
grains and ... | physics |
5,933 | A Search for Distant Solar System Bodies in the Region of Sedna | astro-ph.EP | We present the results of a wide-field survey for distant Sedna-like bodies
in the outer solar system using the 1.2-m Samuel Oschin Telescope at Palomar
Observatory. We searched ~12,000 square degrees down to a mean limiting
magnitude of 21.3 in R. A total number of 53 Kuiper belt objects and Centaurs
have been detecte... | physics |
5,934 | High Velocity Dust Collisions: Forming Planetesimals in a Fragmentation Cascade with Final Accretion | astro-ph.EP | In laboratory experiments we determine the mass gain and loss in central
collisions between cm to dm-size SiO2 dust targets and sub-mm to cm-size SiO2
dust projectiles of varying mass, size, shape, and at different collision
velocities up to ~56.5 m/s. Dust projectiles much larger than 1 mm lead to a
small amount of er... | physics |
5,935 | The Transit Light Curve Project. XI. Submillimagnitude Photometry of Two Transits of the Bloated Planet WASP-4b | astro-ph.EP | We present photometry of two transits of the giant planet WASP-4b with a
photometric precision of 400-800 parts per million and a time sampling of 25-40
seconds. The two midtransit times are determined to within 6 seconds. Together
with previously published times, the data are consistent with a constant
orbital period,... | physics |
5,936 | The NASA-UC Eta-Earth Program: I. A Super-Earth Orbiting HD 7924 | astro-ph.EP | We report the discovery of the first low-mass planet to emerge from the
NASA-UC Eta-Earth Program, a super-Earth orbiting the K0 dwarf HD 7924.
Keplerian modeling of precise Doppler radial velocities reveals a planet with
minimum mass M_P sin i = 9.26 M_Earth in a P = 5.398 d orbit. Based on
Keck-HIRES measurements fro... | physics |
5,937 | Global MHD simulations of stratified and turbulent protoplanetary discs. II. Dust settling | astro-ph.EP | The aim of this paper is to study the vertical profile of small dust
particles in protoplanetary discs in which angular momentum transport is due to
MHD turbulence driven by the magnetorotational instability. We consider
particle sizes that range from approximately 1 micron up to a few
millimeters.We use a grid--based ... | physics |
5,938 | Searching for Main-Belt Comets Using the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey | astro-ph.EP | The Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey, specifically the Very Wide
segment of data, is used to search for possible main-belt comets. In the first
data set, 952 separate objects with asteroidal orbits within the main-belt are
examined using a three-level technique. First, the full-width-half-maximum of
each ob... | physics |
5,939 | Catalogue of ISO LWS observations of asteroids | astro-ph.EP | (Abridged) The Long Wavelength Spectrometer (LWS) onboard the Infrared Space
Observatory (ISO) observed the four large main-belt asteroids (1) Ceres, (2)
Pallas, (4) Vesta, and (10) Hygiea multiple times. The photometric and
spectroscopic data cover the wavelength range between 43 and 197 um, and are a
unique dataset f... | physics |
5,940 | Discovery and characterization of WASP-6b, an inflated sub-Jupiter mass planet transiting a solar-type star | astro-ph.EP | We report the discovery of WASP-6b, an inflated sub-Jupiter mass planet
transiting every 3.3610060 +0.0000022-0.0000035 days a mildly metal-poor
solar-type star of magnitude V=11.9. A combined analysis of the WASP
photometry, high-precision followup transit photometry and radial velocities
yield a planetary mass M_p = ... | physics |
5,941 | Quadrantids 2008 and 2009: Detection of Dust in the Atmosphere by Polarization Twilight Sky Measurements | astro-ph.EP | The paper contains the results of the polarization measurements of twilight
sky background during the wintertime including the epoch of Quadrantids
activity in January 2008 and 2009 in Crimea (Ukraine). Analysis of the twilight
sky polarization behavior had shown the barely detectable depolarization effect
at the scatt... | physics |
5,942 | Pluto's lower atmosphere structure and methane abundance from high-resolution spectroscopy and stellar occultations | astro-ph.EP | Context: Pluto possesses a thin atmosphere, primarily composed of nitrogen,
in which the detection of methane has been reported.
Aims: The goal is to constrain essential but so far unknown parameters of
Pluto's atmosphere such as the surface pressure, lower atmosphere thermal
stucture, and methane mixing ratio.
Met... | physics |
5,943 | On the Completeness of Reflex Astrometry on Extrasolar Planets near the Sensitivity Limit | astro-ph.EP | We provide a preliminary estimate of the performance of reflex astrometry on
Earth-like planets in the habitable zones of nearby stars. In Monte Carlo
experiments, we analyze large samples of astrometric data sets with low to
moderate signal-to-noise ratios. We treat the idealized case of a single planet
orbiting a sin... | physics |
5,944 | Dependence of solar wind power spectra on the direction of the local mean magnetic field | astro-ph.EP | (Abridged) Wavelet analysis can be used to measure the power spectrum of
solar wind fluctuations along a line in any direction with respect to the local
mean magnetic field. This technique is applied to study solar wind turbulence
in high-speed streams in the ecliptic plane near solar minimum using magnetic
field measu... | physics |
5,945 | Terrestrial planet formation in low eccentricity warm-Jupiter systems | astro-ph.EP | We examine the effect of giant planet migration on the formation of inner
terrestrial planet systems. We consider situations in which the giant planet
halts migration at semi-major axes in the range 0.13 - 1.7 AU due to gas disk
dispersal. An N-body code is employed that is linked to a viscous gas disk
algorithm capabl... | physics |
5,946 | True polar wander driven by late-stage volcanism and the distribution of paleopolar deposits on Mars | astro-ph.EP | The areal centroids of the youngest polar deposits on Mars are offset from
those of adjacent paleopolar deposits by 5-10 degrees. We test the hypothesis
that the offset is the result of true polar wander (TPW), the motion of the
solid surface with respect to the spin axis, caused by a mass redistribution
within or on t... | physics |
5,947 | The opposition effect in Saturn rings seen by Cassini/ISS: 1. Morphology of phase curves | astro-ph.EP | The Cassini cameras have captured the opposition effect in Saturn rings with
a high radial resolution at phase angles down to 0.01o in the entire main ring
system. We derive phase functions from 0.01 to 25 degrees of phase angle in the
Wide-Angle Camera clear filters with a central wavelength of 0.611microns and
phase ... | physics |
5,948 | The opposition effect in the outer Solar System: a comparative study of the phase function morphology | astro-ph.EP | In this paper, we characterize the morphology of the disk-integrated phase
functions of satellites and rings around the giant planets of our Solar System.
We find that the shape of the phase function is accurately represented by a
logarithmic model (Bobrov, 1970, in Surfaces and Interiors of Planets and
Satellites, Aca... | physics |
5,949 | Dynamics of planets in retrograde mean motion resonance | astro-ph.EP | In a previous paper (Gayon & Bois 2008a), we have shown the general
efficiency of retrograde resonances for stabilizing compact planetary systems.
Such retrograde resonances can be found when two-planets of a three-body
planetary system are both in mean motion resonance and revolve in opposite
directions. For a particu... | physics |
5,950 | Non-Detection of Polarized, Scattered Light from the HD 189733b Hot Jupiter | astro-ph.EP | Using the POLISH instrument, I am unable to reproduce the large-amplitude
polarimetric observations of Berdyugina et al. (2008) to the >99.99% confidence
level. I observe no significant polarimetric variability in the HD 189733
system, and the upper limit to variability from the exoplanet is Delta_P < 7.9
x 10^(-5) wit... | physics |
5,951 | HD60532, a planetary system in a 3:1 mean motion resonance | astro-ph.EP | In a recent paper it was reported a planetary system around the star HD60532,
composed by two giant planets in a possible 3:1 mean motion resonance, that
should be confirmed within the next decade. Here we show that the analysis of
the global dynamics of the system allows to confirm this resonance. The present
best fit... | physics |
5,952 | Water in Comets 71P/Clark and C/2004 B1 (LINEAR) with Spitzer | astro-ph.EP | We present 5.5 to 7.6 micron spectra of comets 71P/Clark (2006 May 27.56 UT,
r_h = 1.57 AU pre-perihelion) and C/2004 B1 (LINEAR) (2005 October 15.22 UT,
r_h = 2.21 AU pre-perihelion and 2006 May 16.22 UT, r_h = 2.06 AU
post-perihelion) obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope. The nu_2
vibrational band of water is de... | physics |
5,953 | On the protection of extrasolar Earth-like planets around K/M stars against galactic cosmic rays | astro-ph.EP | Previous studies have shown that extrasolar Earth-like planets in close-in
habitable zones around M-stars are weakly protected against galactic cosmic
rays (GCRs), leading to a strongly increased particle flux to the top of the
planetary atmosphere. Two main effects were held responsible for the weak
shielding of such ... | physics |
5,954 | Solid-solid interaction in the two body problem | astro-ph.EP | We consider the solid-solid interactions in the two body problem. The
relative equilibria have been previously studied analytically and general
motions were numerically analyzed using some expansion of the gravitational
potential up to the second order, but only when there are no direct
interactions between the orienta... | physics |
5,955 | Near-infrared transit photometry of the exoplanet HD 149026b | astro-ph.EP | The transiting exoplanet HD 149026b is an important case for theories of
planet formation and planetary structure, because the planet's relatively small
size has been interpreted as evidence for a highly metal-enriched composition.
We present observations of 4 transits with the Near Infrared Camera and
Multi-Object Spe... | physics |
5,956 | A Study of the Accuracy of Mass-Radius Relationships for Silicate-Rich and Ice-Rich Planets up to 100 Earth Masses | astro-ph.EP | A mass-radius relationship is proposed for solid planets and solid cores
ranging from 1 to 100 Earth-mass planets. It relies on the assumption that
solid spheres are composed of iron and silicates, around which a variable
amount of water is added. The M-R law has been set up assuming that the
planetary composition is s... | physics |
5,957 | Potential of Radiotelescopes for Atmospheric Line Observations: I. Observation Principles and Transmission Curves for Selected Sites | astro-ph.EP | Existing and planned radiotelescopes working in the millimetre (mm) and
sub-millimetre wavelengths range provide the possibility to be used for
atmospheric line observations. To scrutinize this potential, we outline the
differences and similarities in technical equipment and observing techniques
between ground-based ae... | physics |
5,958 | Local Linear Analysis of Interaction between a Planet and Viscous Disk and an Implication on Type I Planetary Migration | astro-ph.EP | We investigate the effects of viscosity on disk-planet interaction and
discuss how type I migration of planets is modified. We have performed a linear
calculation using shearing-sheet approximation and obtained the detailed, high
resolution density structure around the planet embedded in a viscous disk with
a wide rang... | physics |
5,959 | Detecting Extra-solar Planets with a Bayesian hybrid MCMC Kepler periodogram | astro-ph.EP | A Bayesian re-analysis of published radial velocity data sets is providing
evidence for additional planetary candidates. The nonlinear model fitting is
accomplished with a new hybrid Markov chain Monte Carlo (HMCMC) algorithm which
incorporates parallel tempering, simulated annealing and genetic crossover
operations. E... | physics |
5,960 | Detection and Characterization of Planetary Systems with $μ$as Astrometry | astro-ph.EP | Astrometry as a technique has so far proved of limited utility when employed
as either a follow-up tool or to independently search for planetary mass
companions orbiting nearby stars. However, this is bound to change during the
next decade. In this review, I start by summarizing past and present efforts to
detect plane... | physics |
5,961 | On the Stability of the Satellites of Asteroid 87 Sylvia | astro-ph.EP | he triple asteroidal system (87) Sylvia is composed of a 280-km primary and
two small moonlets named Romulus and Remus (Marchis et al 2005). Sylvia is
located in the main asteroid belt. The satellites are in nearly equatorial
circular orbits around the primary. In the present work we study the stability
of the satellit... | physics |
5,962 | On the coexistence of phases in a Lennard Jones liquid:first results | astro-ph.EP | The aim of this paper is to investigate the conditions for the coexistence of
phases in a Lennard Jones fluid. The calculation has been performed within the
virial developement mathod and, as a result, a simple approximate relation has
been obtained between the number densities of two coexisting densities and the
inter... | physics |
5,963 | The low density transiting exoplanet WASP-15b | astro-ph.EP | We report the discovery of a low-density exoplanet transiting an 11th
magnitude star in the Southern hemisphere. WASP-15b, which orbits its host star
with a period P=3.7520656+-0.0000028d has a mass M_p=0.542+-0.050M_J and radius
R_p=1.428+-0.077R_J, and is therefore the one of least dense transiting
exoplanets so far ... | physics |
5,964 | New Worlds: Evaluating terrestrial planets as astrophysical objects | astro-ph.EP | Terrestrial exoplanets are on the verge of joining the ranks of
astronomically accessible objects. Interpreting their observable
characteristics, and informing decisions on instrument design and use, will
hinge on the ability to model these planets successfully across a vast range of
configurations and climate forcings... | physics |
5,965 | Formation, Survival, and Detectability of Planets Beyond 100 AU | astro-ph.EP | Direct imaging searches have begun to detect planetary and brown dwarf
companions and to place constraints on the presence of giant planets at large
separations from their host star. This work helps to motivate such planet
searches by predicting a population of young giant planets that could be
detectable by direct ima... | physics |
5,966 | Bayesian analysis of the radial velocities of HD 11506 reveals another planetary companion | astro-ph.EP | We aim to demonstrate the efficiency of a Bayesian approach in analysing
radial velocity data by reanalysing a set of radial velocity measurements. We
present Bayesian analysis of a recently published set of radial velocity
measurements known to contain the signal of one extrasolar planetary candidate,
namely, HD 11506... | physics |
5,967 | The Formation and Architecture of Young Planetary Systems | astro-ph.EP | Newly-formed planetary systems with ages of <10 Myr offer many unique
insights into the formation, evolution, and fundamental properties of
extrasolar planets. These planets have fallen beyond the limits of past
surveys, but as we enter the next decade, we stand on the threshold of several
crucial advances in instrumen... | physics |
5,968 | The Physics of Protoplanetesimal Dust Agglomerates. III. Compaction in Multiple Collisions | astro-ph.EP | To study the evolution of protoplanetary dust aggregates, we performed
experiments with up to 2600 collisions between single, highly-porous dust
aggregates and a solid plate. The dust aggregates consisted of spherical
SiO$_2$ grains with 1.5$\mu$m diameter and had an initial volume filling factor
(the volume fraction o... | physics |
5,969 | The gravitational wave background from star-massive black hole fly-bys | astro-ph.EP | Stars on eccentric orbits around a massive black hole (MBH) emit bursts of
gravitational waves (GWs) at periapse. Such events may be directly resolvable
in the Galactic centre. However, if the star does not spiral in, the emitted
GWs are not resolvable for extra-galactic MBHs, but constitute a source of
background nois... | physics |
5,970 | Kuiper Belt Object Occultations: Expected Rates, False Positives, and Survey Design | astro-ph.EP | A novel method of generating artificial scintillation noise is developed and
used to evaluate occultation rates and false positive rates for surveys probing
the Kuiper Belt with the method of serendipitous stellar occultations. A
thorough examination of survey design shows that: (1) diffraction-dominated
occultations a... | physics |
5,971 | Radial velocity follow-up for confirmation and characterization of transiting exoplanets | astro-ph.EP | Radial Velocity follow-up is essential to establish or exclude the planetary
nature of a transiting companion as well as to accurately determine its mass.
Here we present some elements of an efficient Doppler follow-up strategy, based
on high-resolution spectroscopy, devoted to the characterization of transiting
candid... | physics |
5,972 | Probing the origin of the dark material on Iapetus | astro-ph.EP | Among the icy satellites of Saturn, Iapetus shows a striking dichotomy
between its leading and trailing hemispheres, the former being significantly
darker than the latter. Thanks to the VIMS imaging spectrometer on-board
Cassini, it is now possible to investigate the spectral features of the
satellites in Saturn system... | physics |
5,973 | Albedos of Main-Belt Comets 133P/Elst-Pizarro and 176P/LINEAR | astro-ph.EP | We present the determination of the geometric R-band albedos of two main-belt
comet nuclei based on data from the Spitzer Space Telescope and a number of
ground-based optical facilities. For 133P/Elst-Pizarro, we find an albedo of
p_R=0.05+/-0.02 and an effective radius of r_e=1.9+/-0.3 km (estimated
semi-axes of a~2.3... | physics |
5,974 | Release of meteoroids from asteroids by Earth's tides | astro-ph.EP | The orbital evolution of particles released from the surface of a rubble-pile
body by Earth's tides during flyby within the Roche limit is studied. Test
particles initially placed on the surface leave the surface and escape the
parent body. Released particles remain in a relative small cloud for about 500
years and spr... | physics |
5,975 | Seeing another Earth: Detecting and Characterizing Rocky Planets with Extremely Large Telescopes | astro-ph.EP | The detection of lower mass planets now being reported via radial velocity
and microlensing surveys suggests that they may be ubiquitous. If missions such
as Kepler are able to confirm this, the detection and study of rocky planets
via direct imaging with ground-based telescopes of apertures > 20 m is feasible
in the t... | physics |
5,976 | T.I.P.O. (Tesla Interferometric Planetary Observer) | astro-ph.EP | In the last years the Space Science community was confronted to a continuous
increasing interest in Martian missions, extra-solar planet search and
multi-satellite missions. The presented T.I.P.O. mission is a proposal for a
research program dedicated to study, by space borne interferometric methods,
the radio emission... | physics |
5,977 | Thermosphere and exosphere of Hot-Jupiters | astro-ph.EP | Here we describe the observations and the resulting constraints on the upper
atmosphere (thermosphere and exosphere) of the "Hot-Jupiters". In particular,
observations and theoretical modeling of Hot-Jupiter evaporation are described.
The observations allowed the discovery that the planet orbiting HD209458 has an
exten... | physics |
5,978 | The origin of hydrogen around HD 209458b | astro-ph.EP | Using numerical simulation, Holmstrom et al. (2008) proposed a plausible
alternative explanation of the observed Lyman-alpha absorption that was seen
during the transit of HD 209458b (Vidal-Madjar et al. 2003). They conclude that
radiation pressure alone cannot explain the observations and that a peculiar
stellar wind ... | physics |
5,979 | Can TiO Explain Thermal Inversions in the Upper Atmospheres of Irradiated Giant Planets? | astro-ph.EP | Spitzer Space Telescope infrared observations indicate that several
transiting extrasolar giant planets have thermal inversions in their upper
atmospheres. Above a relative minimum, the temperature appears to increase with
altitude. Such an inversion probably requires a species at high altitude that
absorbs a significa... | physics |
5,980 | Coupled Evolution with Tides of the Radius and Orbit of Transiting Giant Planets: General Results | astro-ph.EP | Some transiting extrasolar giant planets have measured radii larger than
predicted by the standard theory. In this paper, we explore the possibility
that an earlier episode of tidal heating can explain such radius anomalies and
apply the formalism we develop to HD 209458b as an example. We find that for
strong enough t... | physics |
5,981 | The Two Modes of Gas Giant Planet Formation | astro-ph.EP | I argue for two modes of gas giant planet formation and discuss the
conditions under which each mode operates. Gas giant planets at disk radii
$r>100$ AU are likely to form in situ by disk instability, while core accretion
plus gas capture remains the dominant formation mechanism for $r<100$ AU.
During the mass accreti... | physics |
5,982 | Search for very close approaching NEAs | astro-ph.EP | A simulation of de-biased population of NEAs is presented. The numerical
integration of modeled orbits reveals geometrical conditions of close
approaching NEAs to the Earth. The population with the absolute magnitude up to
H=28 is simulated during one year. The probability of possible discoveries of
the objects in the ... | physics |
5,983 | Formation and tidal evolution of hot super-Earths in multiple planetary systems | astro-ph.EP | Hot super-Earths are exoplanets with masses < 10 Earth masses and orbital
periods < 20 days. Around 8 hot super-Earths have been discovered in the
neighborhood of solar system. In this lecture, we review the mechanisms for the
formation of hot super-Earths, dynamical effects that play important roles in
sculpting the a... | physics |
5,984 | Main-Belt Comet P/2008 R1 (Garradd) | astro-ph.EP | We present a study of the newly-discovered main-belt comet P/2008 R1
(Garradd), an object with the dynamical characteristics of an asteroid and the
physical characteristics of a comet. Photometry sets a limit to the effective
radius of the nucleus at r_e < 0.7 km (red geometric albedo 0.05 assumed). The
coma shows a se... | physics |
5,985 | The Dynamical Architecture and Habitable Zones of the Quintuplet Planetary System 55 Cancri | astro-ph.EP | We perform numerical simulations to study the secular orbital evolution and
dynamical structure in the quintuplet planetary system 55 Cancri with the
self-consistent orbital solutions by Fischer and coworkers (2008). In the
simulations, we show that this system can be stable at least for $10^{8}$ yr.
In addition, we ex... | physics |
5,986 | Photometric Detection of a Transit of HD 80606b | astro-ph.EP | We report a times series of B-band photometric observations initiated on the
eve of Valentine's day, February 14, 2009, at the anticipated time of a transit
of the extrasolar planet HD 80606b. The same transit has been observed
independently (Fossey et al. 2009; Moutou et al. 2009). For one transit model
favored by the... | physics |
5,987 | Bisector Measurements of HD 102272 | astro-ph.EP | Searches for planets around massive stars are essential for developing
general understanding of planet formation and evolution of the planetary
systems. The main objective of the Pennsylvania - Torun Planet Search is
detection of planets around G-K subgiants and giants through precision radial
velocity (RV) measurement... | physics |
5,988 | Effects of Magnetic Braking and Tidal Friction on Hot Jupiters | astro-ph.EP | Tidal friction is thought to be important in determining the long-term
spin-orbit evolution of short-period extrasolar planetary systems. Using a
simple model of the orbit-averaged effects of tidal friction Eggleton, Kiseleva
& Hut (1998), we analyse the effects of the inclusion of stellar magnetic
braking on the evolu... | physics |
5,989 | On the tidal evolution of Hot Jupiters on inclined orbits | astro-ph.EP | Tidal friction is thought to be important in determining the long-term
spin-orbit evolution of short-period extrasolar planetary systems. Using a
simple model of the orbit-averaged effects of tidal friction, we study the
evolution of close-in planets on inclined orbits, due to tides. We analyse the
effects of the inclu... | physics |
5,990 | Observational detection of eight mutual eclipses and occultations between the satellites of Uranus | astro-ph.EP | We carried out observations, with five different instruments ranging in
aperture from 0.4m to 10m, of the satellites of Uranus during that planet's
2007 Equinox. Our observations covered specific intervals of time when mutual
eclipses and occultations were predicted.
The observations were carried out in the near-infr... | physics |
5,991 | Detection of a transit by the planetary companion of HD 80606 | astro-ph.EP | We report the detection of a transit egress by the ~ 3.9-Jupiter-mass planet
HD 80606b, an object in a highly-eccentric orbit (e ~ 0.93) about its parent
star of approximately solar type. The astrophysical reality of the signal of
variability in HD 80606 is confirmed by observation with two independent
telescope system... | physics |
5,992 | The Active Centaurs | astro-ph.EP | The Centaurs are recent escapees from the Kuiper belt that are destined
either to meet fiery oblivion in the hot inner regions of the Solar system or
to be ejected to the interstellar medium by gravitational scattering from the
giant planets. Dynamically evolved Centaurs, when captured by Jupiter and close
enough to th... | physics |
5,993 | A Keck HIRES Doppler Search for Planets Orbiting Metal-Poor Dwarfs. II. On the Frequency of Giant Planets in the Metal-Poor Regime | astro-ph.EP | We present an analysis of three years of precision radial velocity
measurements of 160 metal-poor stars observed with HIRES on the Keck 1
telescope. We report on variability and long-term velocity trends for each star
in our sample. We identify several long-term, low-amplitude radial-velocity
variables worthy of follow... | physics |
5,994 | MARVELS: Revealing the Formation and Dynamical Evolution of Giant Planet Systems | astro-ph.EP | MARVELS, the Multi-Object APO Radial Velocity Exoplanet Large-area Survey, is
a 6-year program to characterize the distribution of gas giant planets with
orbital periods ranging from several hours to two years. MARVELS will use
multi-fiber interferometric spectrographs on the wide-field, 2.5-meter Sloan
Foundation tele... | physics |
5,995 | Tidal decay and circularization of the orbits of short-period planets | astro-ph.EP | We analyze the long-term tidal evolution of a single-planet system through
the use of numerical simulations and averaged equations giving the variations
of semi-major axis and eccentricity of the relative orbit. For different types
of planets, we compute the variations due to the planetary and stellar tides.
Then, we c... | physics |
5,996 | NICMOS Photometry of the Unusual Dwarf Planet Haumea and its Satellites | astro-ph.EP | We present here HST NICMOS F110W and F160W observations of Haumea, and its
two satellites Hi'iaka and Namaka. From the measured (F110W-F160W) colours of
-1.209 +/-0.004, -1.48 +/- 0.06, and -1.4 +/- 0.2 mag for each object,
respectively, we infer that the 1.6 imcron water-ice absorption feature depths
on Hi'iaka and Na... | physics |
5,997 | Magnetospheric Emission from Extrasolar Planets | astro-ph.EP | The magnetospheric emissions from extrasolar planets represent a science
frontier for the next decade. All of the solar system giant planets and the
Earth produce radio emissions as a result of interactions between their
magnetic fields and the solar wind. In the case of the Earth, its magnetic
field may contribute to ... | physics |
5,998 | The Demographics of Extrasolar Planets Beyond the Snow Line with Ground-based Microlensing Surveys | astro-ph.EP | In the currently-favored paradigm of planet formation, the location of the
snow line in the protoplanetary disk plays a crucial role. Determining the
demographics of planets beyond the snow line of stars of various masses is thus
essential for testing this model. Microlensing is sensitive to planets that are
generally ... | physics |
5,999 | Considerations on the magnitude distributions of the Kuiper belt and of the Jupiter Trojans | astro-ph.EP | By examining the absolute magnitude (H) distributions (hereafter HD) of the
cold and hot populations in the Kuiper belt and of the Trojans of Jupiter, we
find evidence that the Trojans have been captured from the outer part of the
primordial trans-Neptunian planetesimal disk. We develop a sketch model of the
HDs in the... | physics |
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