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8,900
Numerical observation of non-axisymmetric vesicles in fluid membranes
physics.bio-ph
By means of Surface Evolver (Exp. Math,1,141 1992), a software package of brute-force energy minimization over a triangulated surface developed by the geometry center of University of Minnesota, we have numerically searched the non-axisymmetric shapes under the Helfrich spontaneous curvature (SC) energy model. We show ...
physics
8,901
Experimental evidence for a power law in electroencephalographic $α$-wave dynamics
physics.bio-ph
We perform an experimental study of the time behavior of the $\alpha$-wave events occuring in human electroencephalographic signals. We find that the fraction of the time spent in an $\alpha$-burst of time size $\tau$ exhibits a scaling behavior as a function of $\tau$. The corresponding exponent is equal to 1.75$\pm$0...
physics
8,902
DNA - Nanoelectronics: Realization of a Single Electron Tunneling Transistor and a Quantum Bit Element
physics.bio-ph
Based on the understanding that chemical bonds can act as tunnel junctions in the Coulomb blockade regime, and on the technical ability to coat a DNA strand with metal, we suggest that DNA can be used to built logical devices. We discuss two explicit examples: a Single Electron Tunneling Transistor (SET) and a Quantum ...
physics
8,903
The Scaling Behaviour of Stochastic Minimization Algorithms in a Perfect Funnel Landscape
physics.bio-ph
We determined scaling laws for the numerical effort to find the optimal configurations of a simple model potential energy surface (PES) with a perfect funnel structure that reflects key characteristics of the protein interactions. Generalized Monte-Carlo methods(MCM, STUN) avoid an enumerative search of the PES and thu...
physics
8,904
A Note on Eye Movement
physics.bio-ph
In a simplified fashion, the motion of the eyeball in its orbit consists of rotations around a fixed point. Therefore, this motion can be described in terms of the Euler's angles of rigid body dynamics. However, there is a physiological constraint in the motion of the eye which reduces to two its degrees of freedom. Th...
physics
8,905
Order parametr for design of proteinlike heteropolymers
physics.bio-ph
preprint withdrawn. A revised version of this paper, with different authors appears in E. Nelson, P. Wolynes, and J. Onuchic, in Optimization in computational chemistry and molecular biology, C. Floudas and P. Pardalos editors, (1999)). The main failing of my approach in these papers is the fact that the Hamiltonian an...
physics
8,906
Structural information from multilamellar liposomes at full hydration: full q-range fitting with high quality X-ray data
physics.bio-ph
We present a novel method for analyzing Small Angle X-ray Scattering data on multilamellar phospholipid bilayer systems at full hydration. The method utilizes a modified Caille' theory structure factor in combination with a Gaussian model representation of the electron density profile such that it accounts also for the...
physics
8,907
X-Ray Kinematography of Temperature-Jump Relaxation Probes the Elastic Properties of Fluid Bilayers
physics.bio-ph
The response kinetics of liquid crystalline phosphatidylcholine bilayer stacks to rapid, IR-laser induced temperature jumps has been studied by millisecond time-resolved x-ray diffraction. The system reacts on the fast temperature change by a discrete bilayer compression normal to its surface and a lateral bilayer expa...
physics
8,908
Physical Aspects of Axonemal Beating and Swimming
physics.bio-ph
We discuss a two-dimensional model for the dynamics of axonemal deformations driven by internally generated forces of molecular motors. Our model consists of an elastic filament pair connected by active elements. We derive the dynamic equations for this system in presence of internal forces. In the limit of small defor...
physics
8,909
The Architecture of Idiotypic Networks: Percolation and Scaling Behaviour
physics.bio-ph
We investigate a model where idiotypes (characterizing B-lymphocytes and antibodies of an immune system) and anti-idiotypes are represented by complementary bitstrings of a given length d allowing for a number of mismatches (matching rules). In this model, the vertices of the hypercube in dimension d represent the pote...
physics
8,910
A Novel Approach to Structure Alignment
physics.bio-ph
A novel approach for structure alignment is presented, where the key ingredients are: (1) An error function formulation of the problem simultaneously in terms of binary (Potts) assignment variables and real-valued atomic coordinates. (2) Minimization of the error function by an iterative method, where in each iteration...
physics
8,911
Information transport by sine-Gordon solitons in microtubules
physics.bio-ph
We study the problem of information propagation in brain microtubules. After considering the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a fluid of permanent electric dipoles, the problem reduces to the sine-Gordon wave equation in one space and one time dimensions. The problem of propagation of information is thus set.
physics
8,912
Large deformation of spherical vesicle studied by perturbation theory and Surface evolver
physics.bio-ph
With tangent angle perturbation approach the axial symmetry deformation of a spherical vesicle in large under the pressure changes is studied by the elasticity theory of Helfrich spontaneous curvature model.Three main results in axial symmetry shape: biconcave shape, peanut shape, and one type of myelin are obtained. T...
physics
8,913
The Cochlear Tuning Curve
physics.bio-ph
The tuning curve of the cochlea measures how large an input is required to elicit a given output level as a function of the frequency. It is a fundamental object of auditory theory, for it summarizes how to infer what a sound was on the basis of the cochlear output. A simple model is presented showing that only two ele...
physics
8,914
Physical Chirality. It Feeds on Negative Entropy
physics.bio-ph
Chirality is considered by many scientists to be mainly a geometric concept. There exists also a physical aspect of chirality which is largely being overlooked at. Two examples of mechanical devices are introduced here that represent ``Physical Chirality''. These are a rotating water sprinkler and a variant of Crookes'...
physics
8,915
Global Spatiotemporal Order and Induced Stochastic Resonance due to a Locally Applied Signal
physics.bio-ph
We study the phenomenon of spatiotemporal stochastic resonance (STSR) in a chain of diffusively coupled bistable oscillators. In particular, we examine the situation in which the \textit{global} STSR response is controlled by a \textit{locally applied signal} and reveal a wave front propagation. In order to deepen the ...
physics
8,916
Longest Life in the Best of Health
physics.bio-ph
Throughout history, for reasons of health, well known personalities have opted not to eat to satiety - to under-eat - with known benefits. Here, for the benefits of under-eating a very simple explanation is offered and discussed in some detail. Our distant ancestors, whose bodies we inherited, ate and weighed a good de...
physics
8,917
A continuous isotropic-nematic liquid crystalline transition of F-actin solutions
physics.bio-ph
The phase transition from the isotropic (I) to nematic (N) liquid crystalline suspension of F-actin of average length $3~\mu$m or above was studied by local measurements of optical birefringence and protein concentration. Both parameters were detected to be continuous in the transition region, suggesting that the I-N t...
physics
8,918
Temperature dependence of optical rotation study on parity-violating phase transition of D-, L-, and DL-alanine
physics.bio-ph
Chiral molecules are characterized by a specific optical rotation angle. An experimental method was presented to dissect the temperature dependence of the optical rotation angle with the molecular chirality of D-alanine, L-alanine and DL-alanine crystals. Salam hypothesis predicted that quantum mechanical cooperative a...
physics
8,919
On the writhe of non-closed curves
physics.bio-ph
The writhe of a space curve fragment is considered for various boundary conditions. An expression for the writhe as a function of arclength for an arbitrary space curve is obtained. The formula is built on the base of closing the tangent indicatrix with a geodesic. The corresponding closure of a curve in 3-space is exp...
physics
8,920
Treatment of skin deseases in humans by a new method
physics.bio-ph
The original method of treatment of various pathological processes in human skin covers is described. The method has a brightly expressed differential action: destroying pathologic cells it does not render any influence on healthy cells. The examples of application of a method for treatment of some kinds of skin pathol...
physics
8,921
Network Landscape from a Brownian Particle's Perspective
physics.bio-ph
Given a complex biological or social network, how many clusters should it be decomposed into? We define the distance $d_{i,j}$ from node $i$ to node $j$ as the average number of steps a Brownian particle takes to reach $j$ from $i$. Node $j$ is a global attractor of $i$ if $d_{i,j}\leq d_{i,k}$ for any $k$ of the graph...
physics
8,922
Motion of an Adhesive Gel in a Swelling Gradient: a Mechanism for Cell Locomotion
physics.bio-ph
Motivated by the motion of nematode sperm cells, we present a model for the motion of an adhesive gel on a solid substrate. The gel polymerizes at the leading edge and depolymerizes at the rear. The motion results from a competition between a self-generated swelling gradient and the adhesion on the substrate. The resul...
physics
8,923
An Estimate of the Vibrational Frequencies of Spherical Virus Particles
physics.bio-ph
The possible normal modes of vibration of a nearly spherical virus particle are discussed. Two simple models for the particle are treated, a liquid drop model and an elastic sphere model. Some estimates for the lowest vibrational frequency are given for each model. It is concluded that this frequency is likely to be of...
physics
8,924
Two-vibron bound states in alpha-helix proteins : the interplay between the intramolecular anharmonicity and the strong vibron-phonon coupling
physics.bio-ph
The influence of the intramolecular anharmonicity and the strong vibron-phonon coupling on the two-vibron dynamics in an $\alpha$-helix protein is studied within a modified Davydov model. The intramolecular anharmonicity of each amide-I vibration is considered and the vibron dynamics is described according to the small...
physics
8,925
Current Reversals in a inhomogeneous system with asymmetric unbiased fluctuations
physics.bio-ph
We present a study of transport of a Brownian particle moving in periodic symmetric potential in the presence of asymmetric unbiased fluctuations. The particle is considered to move in a medium with periodic space dependent friction. By tuning the parameters of the system, the direction of current exhibit reversals, bo...
physics
8,926
Relaxation channels of two-vibron bound states in α-helix proteins
physics.bio-ph
Relaxation channels for two-vibron bound states in an anharmonic alpha-helix protein are studied. It is pointed out that the relaxation originates in the interaction between the dressed anharmonic vibrons and the remaining phonons. This interaction is responsible for the occurrence of transitions between two-vibron eig...
physics
8,927
Panic induced symmetry breaking in escaping ants
physics.bio-ph
We report the phenomenon of symmetry breaking in ants escaping under panic. Ants confined into a cell with two symmetrically located exits use both exits in approximately equal proportions to abandon the cell in normal conditions, but prefer one of the exits if panic is created by adding a repellent fluid. This finding...
physics
8,928
An analytical analysis of vesicle tumbling under a shear flow
physics.bio-ph
Vesicles under a shear flow exhibit a tank-treading motion of their membrane, while their long axis points with an angle < 45 degrees with respect to the shear stress if the viscosity contrast between the interior and the exterior is not large enough. Above a certain viscosity contrast, the vesicle undergoes a tumbling...
physics
8,929
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Amyloid Beta Dimer Formation
physics.bio-ph
Recent experiments with amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide suggest that formation of toxic oligomers may be an important contribution to the onset of Alzheimer's disease. The toxicity of Abeta oligomers depends on their structure, which is governed by assembly dynamics. Due to limitations of current experimental techniques, ...
physics
8,930
Measuring the force ejecting DNA from phage
physics.bio-ph
We discuss how a balance can be established between the force acting to eject DNA from viral capsids and the force resisting its entry into a colloidal suspension which mimics the host cell cytoplasm. The ejection force arises from the energy stored in the capsid as a consequence of the viral genome (double-stranded DN...
physics
8,931
Comment on Why is the DNA Transition First Order? and Griffiths Singularities in Unbinding of Strongly Disordered Polymers
physics.bio-ph
The papers [1,2] consider unbinding of a disordered heteropolymer. They find the first order phase transition [1] when disorder is strong (i.e. the ratio v of the binding energies is large; in DNA v is~1.1) and the Griffiths singularity, i.e. infinite order transition, otherwise [2]. The problem is important, since man...
physics
8,932
Dynamics of Human Walking
physics.bio-ph
The problem of biped locomotion at steady speeds is discussed through a Lagrangian formulation developed for velocity-dependent, body driving forces. Human walking on a level surface is analyzed in terms of the data on the resultant ground-reaction force and the external work. It is shown that the trajectory of the cen...
physics
8,933
Modifications of the Dielectric Properties of Biological Membranes by Heating
physics.bio-ph
Biological cell suspensions are known to show dielectric dispersions due to the Maxwell-Wagner mechanism. Many examples are summarized in a number of papers by Schwan [7, 9, 10]. By the application of an appropriate analysis to the dielectric dispersion, it is possible to estimate electrical phase parameters related to...
physics
8,934
Coupled dynamics of voltage and calcium in paced cardiac cells
physics.bio-ph
We investigate numerically and analytically the coupled dynamics of transmembrane voltage and intracellular calcium cycling in paced cardiac cells using a detailed physiological model and its reduction to a three-dimensional discrete map. The results provide a theoretical framework to interpret various experimentally o...
physics
8,935
Structural Effects of Small Molecules on Phospholipid Bilayers Investigated by Molecular Simulations
physics.bio-ph
We summarize and compare recent Molecular Dynamics simulations on the interactions of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayers in the liquid crystalline phase with a number of small molecules including trehalose, a disaccharide of glucose, alcohols, and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The sugar molecules tend to stabil...
physics
8,936
Where To Go and How To Go: a Theoretical Study of Different Leader Roles in Networked Systems
physics.bio-ph
This letter studies synchronization conditions for distributed dynamic networks with different types of leaders. The role of a leader specifying a desired global state trajectory through local interactions (the power leader) has long been recognized and modeled. This paper introduces the complementary notion of a knowl...
physics
8,937
Quantitative photoluminescence of broad band absorbing melanins: A procedure to correct for inner filter and re-absorption effects
physics.bio-ph
We report methods for correcting the photoluminescence emission and excitation spectra of highly absorbing samples for re-absorption and inner filter effects. We derive the general form of the correction, and investigate various methods for determining the parameters. Additionally, the correction methods are tested wit...
physics
8,938
Engines at molecular scales
physics.bio-ph
In recent literature there has been a lot of interest in the phenomena of noise induced transport in the absence of an average bias occurring in spatially periodic systems far from equilibrium. One of the main motivations in this area is to understand the mechanism behind the operation of biological motors at molecular...
physics
8,939
Statistical mechanics of columnar DNA assemblies
physics.bio-ph
Many physical systems can be mapped onto solved or "solvable" models of magnetism. In this work, we have mapped the statistical mechanics of columnar phases of ideally helical rigid DNA -- subject to the earlier found unusual, frustrated pair potential [A. A. Kornyshev and S. Leikin, J. Chem. Phys. 107, 3656 (1997)] --...
physics
8,940
Phase Separation of Saturated and Mono-unsaturated Lipids as determined from a Microscopic Model
physics.bio-ph
A molecular model is proposed of a bilayer consisting of fully saturated DPPC and mono unsaturated DOPC. The model not only encompasses the constant density within the hydrophobic core of the bilayer, but also the tendency of chain segments to align. It is solved within self-consistent field theory. A model bilayer of ...
physics
8,941
Counterion density profiles at charged flexible membranes
physics.bio-ph
Counterion distributions at charged soft membranes are studied using perturbative analytical and simulation methods in both weak coupling (mean-field or Poisson-Boltzmann) and strong coupling limits. The softer the membrane, the more smeared out the counterion density profile becomes and counterions pentrate through th...
physics
8,942
Multifractal Analysis of Human Retinal Vessels
physics.bio-ph
In this work it is shown that vascular structures of the human retina represent geometrical multifractals, characterized by a hierarchy of exponents rather then a single fractal dimension. A number of retinal images from the STARE database (www.parl.clemson.edu/stare) are analyzed, corresponding to both normal and path...
physics
8,943
Spatial snowdrift game with myopic agents
physics.bio-ph
We have studied a spatially extended snowdrift game, in which the players are located on the sites of two-dimensional square lattices and repeatedly have to choose one of the two strategies, either cooperation (C) or defection (D). A player interacts with its nearest neighbors only, and aims at playing a strategy which...
physics
8,944
Atomic transfers between implanted bioceramics and tissues in orthopaedics surgery
physics.bio-ph
We study transfers of ions and debris from bioceramics implanted in bone sites. A contamination of surrounding tissues may play a major role in aseptic loosening of the implant. For these reasons, bioceramics require studies of biocompatibility and biofunctionality . So, in addition to in vitro studies of bioceramics, ...
physics
8,945
Random walk and balancing
physics.bio-ph
Presents a minireview of topics concerned with balancing in quiet (bipedal) standing, and balancing of a stick. In the focus is the apparent stochastic nature of the swaying of the human inverted pendulum.
physics
8,946
Probing Dynamics at Interfaces: Molecular Motions in Lipid Bilayers studied by Neutron Backscattering
physics.bio-ph
Lipid membranes in a physiological context cannot be understood without taking into account their mobile environment. Here, we report on a high energy-resolution neutron backscattering study to investigate slow motions on nanosecond time scales in highly oriented solid supported phospholipid bilayers of the model syste...
physics
8,947
Probing Dynamics at Interfaces: Options for Neutron and X-ray Spectroscopy
physics.bio-ph
Inelastic neutron and X-ray scattering experiments on surfaces and interfaces are a challenging topic in modern physics. Particular interest arises regarding surfaces and interfaces of soft matter and biological systems. We review both neutron and x-ray spectroscopic techniques with view at their applicability to these...
physics
8,948
Stochastic Dynamics of Magnetosomes in Cytoskeleton
physics.bio-ph
Rotations of microscopic magnetic particles, magnetosomes, embedded into the cytoskeleton and subjected to the influence of an ac magnetic field and thermal noise are considered. Magnetosome dynamics is shown to comply with the conditions of the stochastic resonance under not-too-tight constraints on the character of t...
physics
8,949
Peptide Conformational Equilibria Computed via a Single-Stage Shifting Protocol
physics.bio-ph
We study the conformational equilibria of two peptides using a novel statistical mechanics approach designed for calculating free energy differences between highly dis-similar conformational states. Our results elucidate the contrasting roles of entropy in implicitly solvated leucine dipeptide and decaglycine. The meth...
physics
8,950
X-ray microanalysis in STEM of short-term physico-chemical reactions at bioactive glass particles / biological fluids interface. Determination of O/Si atomic ratios
physics.bio-ph
Short-term physico-chemical reactions at the interface between bioactive glass particles and biological fluids are studied and we focus our attention on the measurements of O/Si atomic ratio. The studied bioactive glass is in the SiO2-Na2O-CaO-P2O5-K2O-Al2O3-MgO system. The elemental analysis is performed at the submic...
physics
8,951
Stochastic dynamics of magnetic nanoparticles and a mechanism of biological orientation in the geomagnetic field
physics.bio-ph
The rotations of microscopic magnetic particles, magnetosomes, embedded into the cytoskeleton are considered. A great number of magnetosomes are shown to possess two stable equilibrium positions, between which there occur transitions under the influence of thermal disturbances. The random rotations attain the value of ...
physics
8,952
Photosystem 0, a proposed ancestral photosystem without reducing power that synthesized ATP during light-dark cycling
physics.bio-ph
Photosystem 0 concerns a primitive mechanism for free energy gain as ATP from fluctuating light during early evolution. The PS0 reaction centers had no reducing power: charge transport was only temporary. Light induced within the reaction centers metastable dipoles that generated a membrane potential. This in turn drov...
physics
8,953
Vibron-polaron in alpha-helices. I. Single-vibron states
physics.bio-ph
The vibron dynamics associated to amide-I vibrations in a 3D alpha-helix is described according to a generalized Davydov model. The helix is modeled by three spines of hydrogen-bonded peptide units linked via covalent bonds. To remove the intramolecular anharmonicity of each amide-I mode and to renormalized the vibron-...
physics
8,954
Contamination by metallic elements released from joint prostheses
physics.bio-ph
When a metallic implant is in contact with human tissues, the organism reacts and a corrosion process starts. Consequently, we might observe liberation of metallic debris and wear. Our purpose is to measure the contamination and the migration of these metallic elements in the surrounding tissues of the implant. Two typ...
physics
8,955
Gel Electrophoresis of DNA Knots in Weak and Strong Electric Fields
physics.bio-ph
Gel electrophoresis allows to separate knotted DNA (nicked circular) of equal length according to the knot type. At low electric fields, complex knots being more compact, drift faster than simpler knots. Recent experiments have shown that the drift velocity dependence on the knot type is inverted when changing from low...
physics
8,956
Tumor growth instability and the onset of invasion
physics.bio-ph
Motivated by experimental observations, we develop a mathematical model of chemotactically directed tumor growth. We present an analytical study of the model as well as a numerical one. The mathematical analysis shows that: (i) tumor cell proliferation by itself cannot generate the invasive branching behaviour observed...
physics
8,957
Morphological Variation in a Toroid Generated from a Single Polymer Chain
physics.bio-ph
A single semiflexible polymer chain folds into a toroidal object under poor solvent conditions. In this study, we examined the morphological change in such a toroidal state as a function of the width and stiffness of the chain together with the surface energy, which characterizes the segmental interaction parameter. Ch...
physics
8,958
A model for codon position bias in RNA editing
physics.bio-ph
RNA editing can be crucial for the expression of genetic information via inserting, deleting, or substituting a few nucleotides at specific positions in an RNA sequence. Within coding regions in an RNA sequence, editing usually occurs with a certain bias in choosing the positions of the editing sites. In the mitochondr...
physics
8,959
Scale dependence of branching in arterial and bronchial trees
physics.bio-ph
Although models of branching in arterial and bronchial trees often predict a dependence of bifurcation parameters on the scale of the bifurcating vessels, direct verifications of this dependence with data are uncommon. We compare measurements of bifurcation parameters in airways and arterial trees of different mammals ...
physics
8,960
Towards Experimental Tests of Quantum Effects in Cytoskeletal Proteins
physics.bio-ph
It has become increasingly evident that fabrication of novel biomaterials through molecular self-assembly is going to play a significant role in material science and possibly the information technology of the future. Tubulin, microtubules (MTs) and the cytoskeleton are dynamic, self-assembling systems and we asked whet...
physics
8,961
Theory and Experiments on the "Quantum Mind"
physics.bio-ph
This article is a short summary, in Greek, of work presented in English in the following articles: 1. Mershin et al. "Towards Experimental Tests of Quantum Effects in Cytoskeletal Proteins" (physics/0505080) 2. Mershin et al. "Learning and Memory deficits Upon TAU Accumulation in Drosophila Mushroom Body Neurons", ...
physics
8,962
The use of a syncytium model of the crystalline lens of the human eye to study the light flashes seen by astronauts
physics.bio-ph
A syncytium model to study some electrical properties of the eye is proposed in the attempt to explain the phenomenon of anomalous Light Flashes (LF) perceived by astronauts in orbit. The crystalline lens is modelled as an ellipsoidal syncytium having a variable relative dielectric constant. The mathematical model prop...
physics
8,963
Elasticity Theory and Shape Transitions of Viral Shells
physics.bio-ph
Recently, continuum elasticity theory has been applied to explain the shape transition of icosahedral viral capsids - single-protein-thick crystalline shells - from spherical to buckled/faceted as their radius increases through a critical value determined by the competition between stretching and bending energies of a ...
physics
8,964
A modelling approach towards Epidermal homoeostasis control
physics.bio-ph
In order to grasp the features arising from cellular discreteness and individuality, in large parts of cell tissue modelling agent-based models are favoured. The subclass of off-lattice models allows for a physical motivation of the intercellular interaction rules. We apply an improved version of a previously introduce...
physics
8,965
Extracellular polymeric bacterial coverages as minimal area surfaces
physics.bio-ph
Surfaces formed by extracellular polymeric substances enclosing individual and some small communities of {\it Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans} on plates of hydrophobic silicon and hydrophilic mica are analyzed by means of atomic force microscopy imaging. Accurate nanoscale descriptions of such coverage surfaces are obta...
physics
8,966
Stochastic resonance in the growth of a tumor induced by correlated noises
physics.bio-ph
Multiplicative noise is found to divide the growth law of tumors into two parts in a logistic model, which is driven by additive and multiplicative noises simultaneously. The Fokker-Planck equation was also derived to explain the fact that the influence of the intensity of multiplicative noise on the growth of tumor ce...
physics
8,967
Lancret helices
physics.bio-ph
Helical configurations of inhomogeneous symmetric rods with non-constant bending and twisting stiffness are studied within the framework of the Kirchhoff rod model. From the static Kirchhoff equations, we obtain a set of differential equations for the curvature and torsion of the centerline of the rod and the Lancret's...
physics
8,968
What can we learn about the lipid vesicle structure from the small-angle neutron scattering experiment? (Investigation DMPC vesicle structure by small angle neutron scattering)
physics.bio-ph
Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) on the unilamellar vesicle populations (diameter 500 and 1000 angstrom) was used to characterize lipid vesicles from dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) at three phases (gel, ripple, and liquid). Parameters of vesicle populations and internal structure of the DMPC bilayer were ch...
physics
8,969
Phase diagram of a ternary mixture of cholesterol and saturated and unsaturated lipids calculated from a microscopic model
physics.bio-ph
We employ a molecular model to study a ternary mixture of saturated lipid, with tails of sixteen carbons, a mono unsaturated lipid with tails of eighteen carbons, and cholesterol. The model, solved within mean-field theory, produces several forms of phase diagrams depending upon the relative strengths of interactions, ...
physics
8,970
Dynamical model based on finite stacking enthalpies for homogeneous and inhomogeneous DNA thermal denaturation
physics.bio-ph
We present a nonlinear dynamical model for DNA thermal denaturation, which is based on the finite stacking enthalpies used in thermodynamical nearest-neighbour calculations. Within this model, the finiteness of stacking enthalpies is shown to be responsible for the sharpness of calculated melting curves. Transfer-integ...
physics
8,971
Comparison of metal-amino acid interaction in Phe-Ag and Tyr-Ag complexes by spectroscopic measurements
physics.bio-ph
In this article, we have compared the metal-amino acid interactions in Tyr-Ag and Phe-Ag complexes through pH dependent SERS measurements. By analyzing the variation in relative intensities of SERS bands with the pH of the amino acid solution, we have obtained the orientation and conformation of the amino acid molecule...
physics
8,972
Role of network connectivity in intercellular calcium oscillations
physics.bio-ph
It is important to understand the coordinated performance of cells in tissue. One possible mechanism in this coordination involves intracellular calcium signaling. The topology of intercellular connections in tissue should also play an important role in this process. It is most relevant for plane tissues, in which the ...
physics
8,973
An elasticity theory for self-assembled protein lattices with application to the martensitic phase transition in bacteriophage T4 tail sheath
physics.bio-ph
We propose an elasticity theory for one and two dimensional arrays of globular proteins for which the free energy is affected by relative position and relative rotation between neighboring molecules. The kinematics of such assemblies is described, the conditions of compatibility are found, a form of the free energy is ...
physics
8,974
Vibron-polaron in alpha-helices. II. Two-vibron bound states
physics.bio-ph
The two-vibron dynamics associated to amide-I vibrations in a 3D $\alpha$-helix is described according to a generalized Davydov model. The helix is modeled by three spines of hydrogen-bonded peptide units linked via covalent bonds. It is shown that the two-vibron energy spectrum supports both a two-vibron free states c...
physics
8,975
Characteristic Length Scale of Electric Transport Properties of Genomes
physics.bio-ph
A tight-binding model together with a novel statistical method are used to investigate the relation between the sequence-dependent electric transport properties and the sequences of protein-coding regions of complete genomes. A correlation parameter $\Omega$ is defined to analyze the relation. For some particular propa...
physics
8,976
Monte Carlo simulation of melting transition on DNA nanocompartment
physics.bio-ph
DNA nanocompartment is a typical DNA-based machine whose function is dependent of molecular collective effect. Fundamental properties of the device have been addressed via electrochemical analysis, fluorescent microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Interesting and novel phenomena emerged during the switching of the d...
physics
8,977
Chaotic desynchronization of multi-strain diseases
physics.bio-ph
Multi-strain diseases are diseases that consist of several strains, or serotypes. The serotypes may interact by antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), in which infection with a single serotype is asymptomatic, but infection with a second serotype leads to serious illness accompanied by greater infectivity. It has been o...
physics
8,978
Johnson-Kendall-Roberts theory applied to living cells
physics.bio-ph
Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) theory is an accurate model for strong adhesion energies of soft slightly deformable material. Little is known about the validity of this theory on complex systems such as living cells. We have addressed this problem using a depletion controlled cell adhesion and measured the force necessa...
physics
8,979
Coarse-graining protein energetics in sequence variables
physics.bio-ph
We show that cluster expansions (CE), previously used to model solid-state materials with binary or ternary configurational disorder, can be extended to the protein design problem. We present a generalized CE framework, in which properties such as energy can be unambiguously expanded in the amino-acid sequence space. T...
physics
8,980
Migration induced epidemics: Dynamics of flux-based multipatch models
physics.bio-ph
Classical disease models use a mass action term as the interaction between infected and susceptible people in separate patches. We derive the equations when this interaction is a migration of people between patches. The results model what happens when a new population is moved into a region with endemic disease.
physics
8,981
DNA properties investigated by dynamic force microscopy
physics.bio-ph
In this work, we show that by varying the experimental conditions, the driving amplitude, a dynamic force microscope allows DNA properties to be selectively imaged. The substrate on which the DNA is fixed is a silica surface grafted with silanes molecules ended with amine groups. Use of small oscillation amplitudes fav...
physics
8,982
The stability of solitons in biomembranes and nerves
physics.bio-ph
We examine the stability of a class of solitons, obtained from a generalization of the Boussinesq equation, which have been proposed to be relevant for pulse propagation in biomembranes and nerves. These solitons are found to be stable with respect to small amplitude fluctuations. They emerge naturally from non-soliton...
physics
8,983
A phenomenological approach to the simulation of metabolism and proliferation dynamics of large tumour cell populations
physics.bio-ph
A major goal of modern computational biology is to simulate the collective behaviour of large cell populations starting from the intricate web of molecular interactions occurring at the microscopic level. In this paper we describe a simplified model of cell metabolism, growth and proliferation, suitable for inclusion i...
physics
8,984
Facilitated diffusion of DNA-binding proteins: Efficient simulation with the method of excess collisions (MEC)
physics.bio-ph
In this paper, a new method to efficiently simulate diffusion controlled second order chemical reactions is derived and applied to site-specific DNA-binding proteins. The protein enters a spherical cell and propagates via two competing modes, a free diffusion and a DNA-sliding mode, to search for its specific binding s...
physics
8,985
Model of Low-pass Filtering of Local Field Potentials in Brain Tissue
physics.bio-ph
Local field potentials (LFPs) are routinely measured experimentally in brain tissue, and exhibit strong low-pass frequency filtering properties, with high frequencies (such as action potentials) being visible only at very short distances ($\approx$10~$\mu m$) from the recording electrode. Understanding this filtering i...
physics
8,986
Hydrosomes: Optically trapped femtoliter containers for single molecule studies and microfluidics
physics.bio-ph
We demonstrate a novel technique for creating, manipulating, and combining femtoliter volume chemical containers. Possible uses include creating controlled chemical reactions involving small quantities of reagent, and studying the dynamics of single molecules within the containers by fluorescence imaging techniques. Th...
physics
8,987
Torsional fluctuations in columnar DNA assemblies
physics.bio-ph
In columnar assemblies of helical bio-molecules the azimuthal degrees of freedom, i.e. rotations about the long axes of molecules, may be important in determining the structure of the assemblies especially when the interaction energy between neighbouring molecules explicitly depends on their relative azimuthal orientat...
physics
8,988
Conditions for propagation and block of excitation in an asymptotic model of atrial tissue
physics.bio-ph
Detailed ionic models of cardiac cells are difficult for numerical simulations because they consist of a large number of equations and contain small parameters. The presence of small parameters, however, may be used for asymptotic reduction of the models. Earlier results have shown that the asymptotics of cardiac equat...
physics
8,989
Role of fluctuations in a snug-fit mechanism of KcsA channel selectivity
physics.bio-ph
The KcsA potassium channel belongs to a class of K+ channels that is selective for K+ over Na+ at rates of K+ transport approaching the diffusion limit. This selectivity is explained thermodynamically in terms of favorable partitioning of K+ relative to Na+ in a narrow selectivity filter in the channel. One mechanism f...
physics
8,990
Detailed analysis of the response of different cell lines to carbon irradiation
physics.bio-ph
Published survival data for Chinese hamster ovarian cells CHO-K1 and their radiosensitive mutant xrs5 after irradiation by carbon ions of energies from 2.4 to 266.4 MeV/u have been analyzed using the probabilistic two-stage radiobiological model, which enables to represent the interplay of damage induction and repair p...
physics
8,991
Motion of the hydrogen bond proton in cytosine and the transition between its normal and imino states
physics.bio-ph
The potential energy surface of the H13 proton in base cytosine of the DNA molecules is calculated {\it ab initio} at the Gaussian98 MP2/6-311G(d,p) level. Two potential wells are found. One corresponds to the normal cytosine, while the other corresponds to its imino tautomer. The bindings of the proton in these wells ...
physics
8,992
Towards more realistic dynamical models for DNA secondary structure
physics.bio-ph
We propose a dynamical model for the secondary structure of DNA, which is based on the finite stacking enthalpies used in thermodynamics calculations. In this model, the two strands can separate and the bases are allowed to rotate perpendicular to the sequence axis. We show, through molecular dynamics simulations, that...
physics
8,993
Inferring mixed-culture growth from total biomass data in a wavelet approach
physics.bio-ph
It is shown that the presence of mixed-culture growth in batch fermentation processes can be very accurately inferred from total biomass data by means of the wavelet analysis for singularity detection. This is accomplished by considering simple phenomenological models for the mixed growth and the more complicated case ...
physics
8,994
Swimming Efficiency of Bacterium Escherichia Coli
physics.bio-ph
We use in vivo measurements of swimming bacteria in an optical trap to determine fundamental properties of bacterial propulsion. In particular, we determine the propulsion matrix, which relates the angular velocity of the flagellum to the torques and forces propelling the bacterium. From the propulsion matrix dynamical...
physics
8,995
A Classification Scheme for Phenomenological Universalities in Growth Problems
physics.bio-ph
A classification in universality classes of broad categories of phenomenologies, belonging to different disciplines, may be very useful for a crossfertilization among them and for the purpose of pattern recognition. We present here a simple scheme for the classification of nonlinear growth problems. The success of the ...
physics
8,996
Channel noise and synchronization in excitable membranes
physics.bio-ph
Using a stochastic generalization of the Hodgkin&#8211;Huxley model, we consider the influence of intrinsic channel noise on the synchronization between the spiking activity of the excitable membrane and an externally applied periodic signal. For small patches, i.e., when the channel noise dominates the excitable dynam...
physics
8,997
Non-Markovian Stochastic Resonance: three state model of ion channel gating
physics.bio-ph
Stochastic Resonance in single voltage-dependent ion channels is investigated within a three state non-Markovian modeling of the ion channel conformational dynamics. In contrast to a two-state description one assumes the presence of an additional closed state for the ion channel which mimics the manifold of voltage-ind...
physics
8,998
The role of conformational diffusion in ion channel gating
physics.bio-ph
We consider an exactly tractable model of the Kramers type for the voltage-dependent gating dynamics of single ion channels. It is assumed that the gating dynamics is caused by the thermally activated transitions in a bistable potential. Moreover, the closed state of the channel is highly degenerate and embraces the wh...
physics
8,999
Cytoskeleton influence on normal and tangent fluctuation modes in the red blood cells
physics.bio-ph
We argue that the paradoxal softness of the red blood cells (RBC) in fluctuation spectra experiments is apparent. We show that the effective surface shear modulus $\mu_s$ of the RBC obtained from fluctuation data and that measured in static deformation experiments have the same order of magnitude. A simple micromechani...
physics