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9,100
A Note on the Relativistic Covariance of the $B-$ Cyclic Relations
physics.class-ph
It is shown that the Evans-Vigier modified electrodynamics is compatible with the Relativity Theory.
physics
9,101
Classical $v_{gr} \neq c$ solutions of Maxwell equations and the tunneling photon effect
physics.class-ph
We propose a very simple but general method to construct solutions of Maxwell equations propagating with a group velocity $v_{gr} \neq c$. Applications to wave guides and a possible description of the known experimental evidences on photonic tunneling are discussed.
physics
9,102
Nonlinear Maxwell Equations
physics.class-ph
A new relativistic invariant version of nonlinear Maxwell equations is offerred. Some properties of these equations are considered.
physics
9,103
Mechanical interpretation of existence theorems in a nonlinear Dirichlet problem
physics.class-ph
The existence of radial solutions of a nonlinear Dirichlet problem in a ball is translated to the language of Mechanics, i.e. to requirements on the time of motion of a particle in an external potential and under the action of a viscosity force. This approach reproduces existing theorems and, in principle, provides a m...
physics
9,104
An Approach to Maxwell Equations in Uniformly Accelerated Spherical Coordinates by Newman-Penrose Method
physics.class-ph
Variables are separated in Maxwell equations by the Newman-Penrose method of isotropic complex tetrade in the uniformly accelerated spherical coordinate system. Particular solutions are obtained in terms of spin 1 spherical harmonics. PACS: 03.50.De
physics
9,105
Theorem on the proportionality of inertial and gravitational masses in classical mechanics
physics.class-ph
We considered the problem of the proportionality of inertial and gravitational masses in classical mechanics. We found that the kinetic energy of a material mass point m in a circular motion with a constant angular velocity around another material point M depends only on its gravitational mass. This fact, together with...
physics
9,106
To Foundations of Classical Electrodynamics
physics.class-ph
In the present work foundations of the law of the energy conservation and the introduction of particles in the classical electrodynamics are discussed. We pay attention to a logic error which takes place at an interpretation of the Poynting's theorem as the law of conservation of energy. It was shown that the laws of c...
physics
9,107
Long Wavelength Broadband Sources of Coherent Radiation
physics.class-ph
Some considerations of long wavelength and broadband radiation sources based on the emission of the coherent radiation by a train of short relativistic electron bunches moving in an open resonator along an arc-like or undulator trajectories and some new versions of the transition radiation sources and long wavelength s...
physics
9,108
Asymptotic conditions of motion for radiating charged particles
physics.class-ph
Approximate asymptotic conditions on the motion of compact, electrically charged particles are derived within the framework of general relativity using the Einstein- Infeld-Hoffmann (EIH) surface integral method. While superficially similar to the Abraham-Lorentz and Lorentz-Dirac (ALD) equations of motion, these condi...
physics
9,109
The geometry of spacetime with superluminal phenomena
physics.class-ph
Recent theoretical results show the existence of arbitrary speeds (0 <= v < \infty) solutions of all relativistic wave equations. Some recent experiments confirm the results for sound waves. The question arises naturally: What is the appropriate geometry of spacetime to describe superluminal phenomena? In this paper we...
physics
9,110
Launching of Non-Dispersive Superluminal Beams
physics.class-ph
In this paper we analyze the physical meaning of sub- and superluminal soliton-like solutions (as the X-waves) of the relativistic wave equations and of some non-trivial solutions of the free Schr\"odinger equation for which the concepts of phase and group velocities have a different meaning than in the case of plane w...
physics
9,111
Hamiltonian Structure for Classical Electrodynamics of a Point Particle
physics.class-ph
We prove that, contrary to the common belief, the classical Maxwell electrodynamics of a point-like particle may be formulated as an infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian system. We derive well defined quasi-Hamiltonian which possesses direct physical interpretation being equal to the total energy of the composed (field + p...
physics
9,112
Speculations on the Evans-Comay Discussion
physics.class-ph
The Reply to G. W. Bruhn is added.
physics
9,113
Lateral Drift of Free Electrons
physics.class-ph
An experiment was conducted with the intent to detect the effect, if any, of the hypothetical centricoris acceleration of freely spinning electrons by the use of an electromagnet with its conductor firmly clamped between its two attracting magnetic plates. It was theorized that the freely spinning electrons were unifor...
physics
9,114
Grasers based on particle accelerators and on lasers
physics.class-ph
Grasers based on a stimulated emission of gravitational radiation by relativistic charged particle beams in external fields and on a conversion of laser radiation into gravitational one in the magnetic fields as well as detectors are discussed. A scheme of the gravitational radiation not accompanied by an useless inacc...
physics
9,115
The Dynamics of Charges Induced by a Charged Particle Traversing a Dielectric Slab
physics.class-ph
We studied the dynamics of surfacea and wake charges induced by a charged particle traversing a dielectric slab. It is shown that after the crossing of the slab first boundary, the induced on the slab surface charge (image charge) is transformed into the wake charge, which overflows to the second boundary when the part...
physics
9,116
Reply to the Comment on ``Theorem on the proportionality of inertial and gravitational masses in classical mechanics"
physics.class-ph
In the Comment [Eur. J. Phys., to be published] on our paper [Eur. J. Phys. 19 (1998) 1-6], the author declares that we claim that the ratio of inertial mass to gravitational mass can be derived ex nihilo and that our paper was published "by mistake". In this "Reply" we dispute the point of view of the author.
physics
9,117
A Gauge-invariant Hamiltonian Description of the Motion of Charged Test Particles
physics.class-ph
New, gauge-independent, second-order Lagrangian for the motion of classical, charged test particles is used to derive the corresponding Hamiltonian formulation. For this purpose a Hamiltonian description of the theories derived from the second-order Lagrangian is presented. Unlike in the standard approach, the canonica...
physics
9,118
Equations of Motion from Field Equations and a Gauge-invariant Variational Principle for the Motion of Charged Particles
physics.class-ph
New, gauge-independent, second-order Lagrangian for the motion of classical, charged test particles is proposed. It differs from the standard, gauge-dependent, first order Lagrangian by boundary terms only. A new method of deriving equations of motion from field equations is developed. When applied to classical electro...
physics
9,119
Generalized Lorentzian Adjustment of Reference Frames and Waves of Transformation of Spacetime
physics.class-ph
It is demonstrated that any two reference frames (RFs), which are uniformly and rectilinearly moving relative to each other, can be adjusted via (possibly anisotropic) rescaling and re-synchronization so that the resulting pair of RFs is Lorentzian; this statement remains true if the word "Lorentzian" is replaced by "G...
physics
9,120
1D Toy Model For Trapping Neutral Particles
physics.class-ph
We study, both classically and quantum-mechanically, the problem of a neutral particle with spin, moving in one-dimension in an inhomogeneous magnetic field. This problem serves for us as a toy model to study the trapping of neutral particles. We identify K, the ratio between the precessional frequency of the particle ...
physics
9,121
Stochastic Stokes' drift
physics.class-ph
Classical Stokes' drift is the small time-averaged drift velocity of suspended non-diffusing particles in a fluid due to the presence of a wave. We consider the effect of adding diffusion to the motion of the particles, and show in particular that a non-zero time-averaged drift velocity exists in general even when the ...
physics
9,122
An accelerated charge is also absorbing power
physics.class-ph
An accelerated classical point charge radiates at the Larmor power rate $2e^2a^2/3$, leading to the expectation of an associated radiation reaction force. The famous Abraham-Lorentz-Dirac proposal is plagued with difficulties. Here we note a simple, amazing, and apparently overlooked fact: an accelerated charge is also...
physics
9,123
A Proposal to Revise the Macroscopic Electromagnetic Theory
physics.class-ph
There are reasons to believe that implications of a certain paradox introduced by Ginzburg and related problems have not been fully recognized. Pertinent issues remain open and unresolved. There are instances when the current widely used theory yields results having no physical meaning. As a result, the current widely ...
physics
9,124
Stability of Uniform Rectilinear Motion of Charged Shell in Sommerfeld Model with Self-Action
physics.class-ph
It is proved that in classical electrodynamics the uniform rectilinear motion of charged "rigid" sphere with self-action (Sommerfeld model) is stable.
physics
9,125
Superluminal motions (and microwave propagation) in Special Relativity: Solution of the causal paradoxes
physics.class-ph
Some recent experiments, performed at Berkeley, Cologne, Florence and Vienna led to the claim that something seems to travel with a speed larger than the speed c of light in vacuum. Various other experimental results seem to point in the same direction: For instance, localized wavelet-type solutions of Maxwell equation...
physics
9,126
Superluminal Signal Velocity
physics.class-ph
It recently has been demonstrated that signals conveyed by evanescent modes can travel faster than light. In this report some special features of signals are introduced and investigated, for instance the fundamental property that signals are frequency band limited. Evanescent modes are characterized by extraordinary ...
physics
9,127
Comment to the paper "The energy conservation law for electromagnetic field in application to problems of radiation of moving particles "
physics.class-ph
In the paper [B.M.Bolotovskii, S.N.Stoliarov, Uspekhi Fizicheskich Nauk, v.162, No 3, p.195, 1992] the energy conservation law was applied to a problem of radiation of a charged particle in an external electromagnetic field. The authors consecutively and mathematically strictly solved the problem but received wrong res...
physics
9,128
The energy conservation law in classical electrodynamics
physics.class-ph
In the framework of the classical Maxwell-Lorentz electrodynamics the energy conservation law is reconsidered.
physics
9,129
One-Dimensional Motion of Sommerfeld Sphere in Potential Hole in Classical Electrodynamics: Inside the Hole
physics.class-ph
Equation of motion of Sommerfeld sphere in the one-dimensional potential hole, produced by two equal charges on some distance from each other, is numerically investigated. Two types of solutions are found: (i) damping oscillations, (ii) oscillations without damping (radiationless motion). Solutions with growing amplitu...
physics
9,130
On the Discontinuity of Electrostatic Fields Across a Planar Surface With Multipolar Surface Charge Density
physics.class-ph
We use covariance and dimensional analysis to find expressions for the discontinuity of the potential and normal electric field across a flat surface with multipolar charge surface density in vacuum.
physics
9,131
On the Darwin Lagrangian
physics.class-ph
In this paper we explore some surprising consequences of the retardation effects of Maxwell's electrodynamics to a system of charged particles. The specific cases of three interacting particles are considered in the framework of classical electrodynamics. We show that the solutions of the equations of motion defined by...
physics
9,132
Unified Expressions Of All Differential Variational Principles
physics.class-ph
This paper has been withdrawn by the authors because the paper is largely revised and improved, and to appear in Mechanics Research Communications.
physics
9,133
Unified Expressions Of All Integral Variational Principles
physics.class-ph
In terms of the quantitative causal principle, this paper obtains a general variational principle, gives unified expressions of the general, Hamilton, Voss, H\"{o}lder, Maupertuis-Lagrange variational principles of integral style, the invariant quantities of the general, Voss, H\"{o}lder, Maupertuis-Lagrange variationa...
physics
9,134
On localization of acoustic waves
physics.class-ph
The paper presents a discussion on localization of acoustic waves. Some important questions about wave localization are addressed. Particular attention is paid to acoustic localization in liquid media containing many air-filled bubbles. It is shown that an amazing collective behavior appears when localization occurs. T...
physics
9,135
An axiomatic framework for classical particle mechanics without space-time
physics.class-ph
We present an axiomatic framework for non-relativistic classical particle mechanics, inspired on Tati's ideas about a non-space-time description for physics. The main advantage of our picture is that it allows us to describe causality without any reference to elapsed time intervals.
physics
9,136
Electromagnetic radiation of the travelling spin wave propagating in an antiferromagnetic plate. Exact solution
physics.class-ph
The exact solution of radiation problem of a spin wave travelling in an antiferromagnetic (AFM) plate was found. The spin wave with in-plane oscillations of antiferromagnetism vector was considered. In this case the magnetization vector is oscillating being perpendicular to the AFM plate and depends on time and plane c...
physics
9,137
Equation of states for classical Coulomb systems. The use of Hubbard-Schofield approach
physics.class-ph
An effective method based on Hubbard-Schofield approach [Phys. Lett. A {\bf 40}, 245 (1972)] is developed to calculate the free energy of classical Coulomb systems. This method significantly simplifies the derivation of the cluster expansion. A diagrammatic representation of the cluster integrals is proposed. Simple ru...
physics
9,138
Entropy Decrease in Isolated Systems with an Internal Wall undergoing Brownian Motion
physics.class-ph
We consider an isolated gaseous system, divided in two parts by an adiabatic movable frictionless internal wall undergoing Brownian motion. We show how this kind of motion can lead to a substantial decrease of the system entropy. This surprising result does not violate Boltzmann's H-theorem since the molecular chaos as...
physics
9,139
Excitation Theory for Space-Dispersive Active Media Waveguides
physics.class-ph
A unified electrodynamic approach to the guided-wave excitation theory is generalized to the waveguiding structures containing a hypothetical space-dispersive medium with drifting charge carriers possessing simultaneously elastic, piezoelectric and magnetic properties. Substantial features of our electrodynamic approac...
physics
9,140
Acceleration-dependent self-interaction effects as a possible mechanism of inertia
physics.class-ph
The paper pursues two aims. First, to revisit the classical electromagnetic mass theory and develop it further by making use of a corollary of general relativity - that the propagation of light in non-inertial reference frames is anisotropic. Second, to show that the same type of acceleration-dependent self-interaction...
physics
9,141
Possible Self-Organised Criticality and Dynamical Clustering of Traffic flow in Open Systems
physics.class-ph
We focus in this work on the study of traffic in open systems using a modified version of an existing cellular automaton model. We demonstrate that the open system is rather different from the closed system in its 'choice' of a unique steady-state density and velocity distribution, independently of the initial conditio...
physics
9,142
Classical Tunneling as the Result of Retardation in Classical Electrodynamics: Nonrelativistic Case
physics.class-ph
In nonrelativistic approximation one-dimensional motion of Sommerfeld sphere in the case of potential barrier is numerically investigated. The effect of classical tunneling is confirmed once more - Sommerfeld sphere overcomes the barrier and finds itself in the forbidden, from classical point of view, area.
physics
9,143
Exploring a rheonomic system
physics.class-ph
A simple and illustrative rheonomic system is explored in the Lagrangian formalism. The difference between Jacobi's integral and energy is highlighted. A sharp contrast with remarks found in the literature is pointed out. The non-conservative system possess a Lagrangian not explicitly dependent on time and consequently...
physics
9,144
Rutherford Scattering with Retardation
physics.class-ph
Numerical solutions for Sommerfeld model in nonrelativistic case are presented for the scattering of a spinless extended charged body in a static Coulomb field of a fixed point charge. It is shown that differential cross section for extended body preserves the form of the Rutherford result with multiplier, not equal to...
physics
9,145
Excitation of resonators by electron beams
physics.class-ph
In this paper the main consequences of the vector theory of excitation of resonators by particle beams are presented. Some features of excitation of broadband radiation in longitudinal modes of the enclosed and open resonators are discussed.
physics
9,146
Limits on the Applicability of Classical Electromagnetic Fields as Inferred from the Radiation Reaction
physics.class-ph
Can the wavelength of a classical electromagnetic field be arbitrarily small, or its electric field strength be arbitrarily large? If we require that the radiation-reaction force on a charged particle in response to an applied field be smaller than the Lorentz force we find limits on the classical electromagnetic field...
physics
9,147
A bounded source cannot emit a unipolar electromagnetic wave
physics.class-ph
We show that a bounded source cannot produce a unipolar electromagnetic pulse. As a consequence, there are no three-dimensional electromagnetic solitons in vacuum.
physics
9,148
Classical Radiation Processes in the Weizsacker-Williams Approximation
physics.class-ph
The main features of radiation by relativistic electrons are well approximated in the Weizsacker-Williams method of virtual quanta. This method is best known for its application to radiation during elementary particle collisions, but is equally useful in describing "classical" radiation emitted during the interaction o...
physics
9,149
Lorentz-Covariant Hamiltonian Formalism
physics.class-ph
The dynamic of a classical system can be expressed by means of Poisson brackets. In this paper we generalize the relation between the usual non covariant Hamiltonian and the Poisson brackets to a covariant Hamiltonian and new brackets in the frame of the Minkowski space. These brackets can be related to those used by F...
physics
9,150
Ermakov-Lewis angles for one-parameter supersymmetric families of Newtonian free damping modes
physics.class-ph
We apply the Ermakov-Lewis procedure to the one-parameter damped modes \tilde{y} recently introduced by Rosu and Reyes, which are related to the common Newtonian free damping modes y by the general Riccati solution [H.C. Rosu and M. Reyes, Phys. Rev. E 57, 4850 (1998), physics/9707019]. In particular, we calculate and ...
physics
9,151
Technique for measuring the parameters of polarization of an ultrasonic wave
physics.class-ph
Method for precise measurements of the ellipticity and rotation of the polarization of a transverse ultrasonic wave is presented. It is applicable for investigating the acoustic analogs of the Faraday, Cotton-Mouton, and Kerr effects. The technique consists of measuring amplitude of the voltage on the receiving piezoel...
physics
9,152
Axioms for Mach's mechanics
physics.class-ph
We present an axiomatic framework for what we call Mach's mechanics, inspired on the ideas by A. K. T. Assis and P. Graneau about relational mechanics. We show that contrarily to what is suggested by these authors, Mach's principle does not need to be committed with any Weber's like gravitational force. Actually it is ...
physics
9,153
Experiments on the generation of long wavelength edge radiation along directions nearly coincident with the axis of a straight section of the "Pakhra" synchrotron
physics.class-ph
Generation of long wavelength edge radiation along directions nearly coincident with the axes of straight sections of storage rings and synchrotrons is discussed. The removal of destructive interference from the superimposed edge radiation patterns of a straight section on the synchrotron "Pakhra" has been observed exp...
physics
9,154
A Modified Theory Of Newtonian Mechanics
physics.class-ph
A specific form of the inertial law is presented by which we can have some deeper insight into the essence of mass and inertia. In this modified theory, there is no need to keep the concept of absolute space and Newton's third law as principles. By introducing a convenient form for gravitational law the coupling consta...
physics
9,155
Excitations of oscillations in loaded systems with internal degrees of freedom
physics.class-ph
We show that oscillations are excited in a complex system under the influence of the external force, if the parameters of the system experience rapid change due to the changes in its internal structure. This excitation is collision-like and does not require any phase coherence or periodicity. The change of the internal...
physics
9,156
A mechanical model that exhibits a gravitational critical radius
physics.class-ph
Circular orbits of a particle sliding on a frictionless surface of revolution about a vertical axis are unstable below a critical radius if the curvature of the surface satisfies a specified condition. This behavior can be realized in a mechanical model, which give a glimpse of the greater complexity of particle orbits...
physics
9,157
True Transformations of Spacetime Lengths and Apparent Transformations of Spatial and Temporal Distances. I. the Theory
physics.class-ph
It is shown in this paper that the difference between the two forms of relativity - the ''true transformation (TT) relativity'' and - the ''apparent transformation (AT) relativity'' is essentially caused by the difference in the concept of \emph{sameness} of a physical system, i.e., of a physical quantity, for differen...
physics
9,158
True Transformations of Spacetime Lengths and Apparent Transformations of Spatial and Temporal Distances. II. the Comparison with Experiments
physics.class-ph
Some of the well-known experiments: the ''muon'' experiment, the Michelson-Morley type experiments, the Kennedy-Thorndike type experiments and the Ives-Stilwell type experiments are analyzed using the nonrelativistic theory, the ''apparent transformations (AT) relativity'' and the ''true transformations (TT) relativity...
physics
9,159
On electromagnetic induction
physics.class-ph
A general law for electromagnetic induction phenomena is derived from Lorentz force and Maxwell equation connecting electric field and time variation of magnetic field. The derivation provides with a unified mathematical treatment the statement according to which electromagnetic induction is the product of two independ...
physics
9,160
Circular Orbits Inside the Sphere of Death
physics.class-ph
A wheel or sphere rolling without slipping on the inside of a sphere in a uniform gravitational field can have stable circular orbits that lie wholly above the "equator", while a particle sliding freely cannot.
physics
9,161
The Rolling Motion of a Disk on a Horizontal Plane
physics.class-ph
Recent interest in the old problem of the motion of a coin spinning on a tabletop has focused on mechanisms of dissipation of energy as the angle alpha of the coin to the table decreases, while the angular velocity Omega of the point of contact increases. Following a review of the general equations of motion of a thin ...
physics
9,162
From Superluminal Velocity To Time Machines?
physics.class-ph
Various experiments have shown superluminal group and signal velocities recently. Experiments were essentials carried out with microwave tunnelling, with frustrated total internal reflection, and with gain-assisted anomalous dispersion. According to text books a superluminal signal velocity violates Einstein causality ...
physics
9,163
Electromagnetic Induction and the Conservation of Momentum in the Spiral Paradox
physics.class-ph
The inversion of cause and effect in the classic description of electromagnetism, gives rise to a conceptual error which is at the bottom of many paradoxes and exceptions. At present, the curious fact that unipolar induction or the Faraday Disc constitutes an exception to the Faraday induction law is generally accepted...
physics
9,164
Space-Time Exchange Invariance: Special Relativity as a Symmetry Principle
physics.class-ph
Special relativity is reformulated as a symmetry property of space-time: Space-Time Exchange Invariance. The additional hypothesis of spatial homogeneity is then sufficient to derive the Lorentz transformation without reference to the traditional form of the Principle of Special Relativity. The kinematical version of t...
physics
9,165
Remarks on perturbation theory for Hamiltonian systems
physics.class-ph
A comparative discussion of the normal form and action angle variable method is presented in a tutorial way. Normal forms are introduced by Lie series which avoid mixed variable canonical transformations. The main interest is focused on establishing a third integral of motion for the transformed Hamiltonian truncated a...
physics
9,166
Coarse graining: lessons from simple examples
physics.class-ph
We assess Coarse Graining by studying different partitions of the phase space of the Baker transformation and the periodic torus automorphisms. It turns out that the shape of autocorrelation functions for the Baker transformation is more or less reproduced. However, for certain partitions the decay rates turn out to be...
physics
9,167
True energy-momentum tensors are unique. Electrodynamics spin tensor is not zero
physics.class-ph
A true energy-momentum tensor is unique and does not admit an addition of a term. The true electrodynamics' energy-momentum tensor is the Maxwell-Minkowski tensor. It cannot be got with the Lagrange formalism. The canonical energy-momentum and spin tensors are out of all relation to the physical reality. The true elect...
physics
9,168
About forces, acting on radiating charge
physics.class-ph
It is shown, that the force acting on a radiating charge is stipulated by two reasons - owing to exchange of a momentum between radiating charge and electromagnetic field of radiation, and also between a charge and field accompanying the charge.
physics
9,169
Thoughtful comments on 'Bessel beams and signal propagation'
physics.class-ph
In this paper we present thoughtful comments on the paper `Bessel beams and signal propagation' showing that the main claims of that paper are wrong. Moreover, we take the opportunity to show the non trivial and indeed surprising result that a scalar pulse (i.e., a wave train of compact support in the time domain) that...
physics
9,170
On the superluminal propagation of light-pulses in a ''transparent'' dispersive medium
physics.class-ph
The mechanisms leading to a seemingly superluminal propagation of light in dispersive media are examined. The anomalous dispersion near an absorption line, involved in the first experiments displaying negative group velocity propagation, is shown to be not only simpler but also more efficient than the so-called transpa...
physics
9,171
Backward Causation, Isolation and the Pursuit of Justice
physics.class-ph
The recent operationalization of the famous Newcomb's game by Schmidt (1998) offers an interesting and thought-provoking look at the plausibility of backward causation in a Newtonian universe. Hereby we investigate two details of the Schmidt's scenario which may, at least in principle, invalidate his conclusion in two ...
physics
9,172
An analytically solvable three-body problem
physics.class-ph
The problem of three particles interacting through harmonic forces is discussed within the Newtonian formalism. By means of a didactic approach, an exact analytical solution is found, and ways to extend it to the N-body case are pointed out.
physics
9,173
Creep and Mechanical Oscillator Damping
physics.class-ph
Although "friction" is included in many models of oscillator damping, including viscous ones applied to the pendulum; they "miss the mark" with regard to a conceptual understanding of the mechanisms responsible for energy loss. The theory of the present paper corrects some of these misunderstandings by considering the ...
physics
9,174
Newton's laws of motion in form of Riccati equation
physics.class-ph
We discuss two applications of Riccati equation to Newton's laws of motion. The first one is the motion of a particle under the influence of a power law central potential $V(r)=k r^{\epsilon}$. For zero total energy we show that the equation of motion can be cast in the Riccati form. We briefly show here an analogy to ...
physics
9,175
Mini-stop bands in single-defect photonic crystal waveguides
physics.class-ph
We numerically study single-defect photonic crystal waveguides obtained from a triangular lattice of air holes in a dielectric background. It is found that, for medium-high air filling ratios, the transmission has very small values in narrow frequency regions lying inside the photonic band gap - the so-called mini-stop...
physics
9,176
Numerical studies of left-handed materials and arrays of split ring resonators
physics.class-ph
We present numerical results on the transmission properties of the left-handed materials (LHM) and split-ring resonators (SRR). The simulation resultsare in qualitative agreement with experiments. The dependence of the transmission through LHM on the real and imaginary part of the electric permittivity of the metal, th...
physics
9,177
Determination of Effective Permittivity and Permeability of Metamaterials from Reflection and Transmission Coefficients
physics.class-ph
We analyze the reflection and transmission coefficients calculated from transfer matrix simulations on finite lenghts of electromagnetic metamaterials, to determine the effective permittivity and permeability. We perform this analysis on structures composed of periodic arrangements of wires, split ring resonators (SRRs...
physics
9,178
An electromagnetic trinity from "negative permittivity" and "negative permeability"
physics.class-ph
An electromagnetic trinity comprising vacuum, anti--vacuum, and nihility is postulated -- after making use of materials with "negative permittivity" and "negative permeability" -- to illuminate the structure of electromagnetic theory, at least insofar as the relationship of phase velocity with Poynting vector is concer...
physics
9,179
On Perfect Lenses and Nihility
physics.class-ph
The canonical problem of a perfect lens with linear bianisotropic materials is formulated. Its solution is shown to be directly connected with the concept of nihility, the electromagnetic nilpotent. Perfect lenses as well as nihility remain unrealizable.
physics
9,180
Excitation of Resonators by Electron Beams
physics.class-ph
Elements of a vector theory of open resonators and experiments on excitation of a fundamental mode with transverse and longitudinal polarization in such resonators are discussed.
physics
9,181
The Stirling Engine-Refrigerator: Rich Pedagogy from Applied Physics
physics.class-ph
A Stirling engine of the type used for demonstration purposes has been outfitted with a pair of sensors that measure pressure and piston displacement when the engine is operating with a small temperature difference between the hot and cold reservoirs. Measured variables are compared against computer generated output ba...
physics
9,182
Microscopic Calculation of the Constitutive Relations
physics.class-ph
Homogenization theory is used to calculate the macroscopic dielectric constant from the quantum microscopic dielectric function in a periodic medium. The method can be used to calculate any macroscopic constitutive relation, but it is illustrated here for the case of electrodynamics of matter. The so-called cell proble...
physics
9,183
Motion of particles in storage rings in the presence of a counterpropagating laser beam I
physics.class-ph
The dynamics of charged particle beams interacting with laser beams and material targets in storage rings is presented. Formulas for the radiative damping, quantum excitation and equilibrium parameters of ion and electron beams determined by the backward rayleigh and backward compton scattering are derived. General cas...
physics
9,184
Problematic solutions to the Landau-Lifshitz equation
physics.class-ph
A critical look at the Landau-Lifshitz equation, which has been recently advocated as an "exact" relativistic classical equation for the motion of a point charge with radiation reaction, demonstrates that it generally does not conserve energy-momentum. Its failure is dramatic in the one-dimensional case of a stepped el...
physics
9,185
The Pendulum in the 21st Century--Relic or Trendsetter
physics.class-ph
When identifying instruments that have had great influence on the history of physics, none comes to mind more quickly than the pendulum. Though 'birthed' by Galileo in the 16th century, and in some respects nearly 'dead' by the middle of the 20th century; the pendulum experienced 'rebirth' by becoming an archetype of c...
physics
9,186
Is the Energy Balance Paradox Solved?
physics.class-ph
The question of what is the source of the energy carried by the radiation is discussed. The case of a hyperbolic motion is analyzed, describing the solutions suggested in the past for the "energy balance paradox". The solution to the paradox is found in considerind the stress force created in the curved electric field ...
physics
9,187
Toward a Universal Model of Damping--Modified Coulomb Friction
physics.class-ph
A modification of Coulomb's law of friction uses a variable coefficient of friction that depends on a power law in the energy of mechanical oscillation. Through the use of three different exponents: 0, 1/2 and 1; all commonly encountered non-viscous forms of damping are accommodated. The nonlinear model appears to yiel...
physics
9,188
Equation of Motion of an Electric Charge
physics.class-ph
The appearance of the time derivative of the acceleration in the equation of motion (EOM) of an electric charge is studied. It is shown that when an electric charge is accelerated, a stress force exists in the curved electric field of the accelerated charge, and this force is proportional to the acceleration. This stre...
physics
9,189
Diffusion-limited reaction for the one-dimensional trap system
physics.class-ph
We have previously discussed the one-dimensional multitrap system of finite range and found the somewhat unexpected result that the larger is the number of imperfect traps the higher is the transmission through them. We discuss in this work the effect of a small number of such traps arrayed along either a constant or a...
physics
9,190
The Kustaanheimo-Stiefel transformation in geometric algebra
physics.class-ph
The Kustaanheimo-Stiefel (KS) transformation maps the non-linear and singular equations of motion of the three-dimensional Kepler problem to the linear and regular equations of a four-dimensional harmonic oscillator. It is used extensively in studies of the perturbed Kepler problem in celestial mechanics and atomic phy...
physics
9,191
Oscillator damping with more than one mechanism of internal friction dissipation
physics.class-ph
The author's modified Coulomb damping model has been generalized to accommodate internal friction that derives from several dissipation mechanisms acting simultaneously. Because of its fundamental nonlinear nature, internal friction damping causes the quality factor Q of an oscillator in free-decay to change in time. E...
physics
9,192
Anisotropic Internal Friction Damping
physics.class-ph
The mechanical damping properties of sheet polaroid material have been studied with a physical pendulum. The polaroid samples were placed under the knife-edges of the pendulum, which was operated in free-decay at a period in the vicinity of 10 s. With the edges oriented parallel to the direction of the long molecular c...
physics
9,193
On the Derivation of Conserved Quantities in Classical Mechanics
physics.class-ph
Using a theorem of partial differential equations, we present a general way of deriving the conserved quantities associated with a given classical point mechanical system, denoted by its Hamiltonian. Some simple examples are given to demonstrate the validity of the formulation.
physics
9,194
Second constant of motion for two-dimensional positronium in a magnetic field
physics.class-ph
Recent numerical work indicates that the classical motion of positronium in a constant magnetic field does not exhibit chaotic behavior if the system is confined to two dimensions. One would therefore expect this system to possess a second constant of the motion in addition to the total energy. In this paper we constru...
physics
9,195
Born renormalization in classical Maxwell electrodynamics
physics.class-ph
We define and compute the renormalized four-momentum of the composed physical system: classical Maxwell field interacting with charged point particles. As a `reference' configuration for the field surrounding the particle, we take the Born solution. Unlike in the previous approach [Gen. Relat. Grav. 26 (1994) 167; Acta...
physics
9,196
The Euler-Lagrange Cohomology Groups on Symplectic Manifolds
physics.class-ph
The definition and properties of the Euler-Lagrange cohomology groups $H^{2k-1}$, $1 \leqslant k \leqslant n$, on a symplectic manifold $({\cal M}^{2n},\omega)$ are given and studied. For $k = 1$ and $k = n$, they are isomorphic to the corresponding de Rham cohomology groups $H_{dR}^1({\cal M}^{2n})$ and $H_{dR}^{2n-1}...
physics
9,197
Mie Coefficients in Double-layered Sphere Irradiated by a Planar Wave
physics.class-ph
Both the Mie coefficients and the electromagnetic field distributions in the two-layered sphere containing left-handed media irradiated by a planar electromagnetic wave are presented.
physics
9,198
A generalisation of classical electrodynamics for the prediction of scalar field effects
physics.class-ph
Within the framework of Classical Electrodynamics (CED) it is common practice to choose freely an arbitrary gauge condition with respect to a gauge transformation of the electromagnetic potentials. The Lorenz gauge condition allows for the derivation of the inhomogeneous potential wave equations (IPWE), but this also m...
physics
9,199
On stability of renormalized classical electrodynamics
physics.class-ph
It is shown that the total energy of the static "field + particle" system, defined in the framework of classical, renormalized electrodynamics of particles and fields, depends in an unstable way upon the field boundary data. It is argued that this phenomenon may be also an origin of the unstable dynamical behaviour of ...
physics