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冬季常见呼吸道合胞病毒和流感病毒感染，肠道病毒感染多发生在夏秋季节。 | [
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"entity": "呼吸道合胞病毒和流感病毒感染",
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{
"id": 1,
"entity": "肠道病毒感染",
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"label": "dis"
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病因包括感染性疾病、结缔组织病、恶性肿瘤和其他疾病，其中前三类疾病为FUO的主要病因。 | [
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"entity": "感染性疾病",
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{
"id": 1,
"entity": "结缔组织病",
"start_offset": 10,
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"label": "dis"
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{
"id": 2,
"entity": "恶性肿瘤",
"start_offset": 16,
"end_offset": 20,
"label": "dis"
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] |
可由细菌、病毒、支原体、立克次体、螺旋体、寄生虫感染所致。 | [
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"entity": "细菌",
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"id": 1,
"entity": "病毒",
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"id": 2,
"entity": "支原体",
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"id": 3,
"entity": "立克次体",
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"entity": "螺旋体",
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"label": "mic"
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{
"id": 5,
"entity": "寄生虫",
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"label": "mic"
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] |
传染性单核细胞增多症、感染性心内膜炎，以及病程迁延的普通病毒感染性疾病、肝炎、真菌病等也是儿童发热待查的常见病因。 | [
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"id": 1,
"entity": "感染性心内膜炎",
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"id": 2,
"entity": "普通病毒感染性疾病",
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"label": "dis"
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{
"id": 3,
"entity": "肝炎",
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"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 4,
"entity": "真菌病",
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"end_offset": 42,
"label": "dis"
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此外应注意慢性咽炎、扁桃体炎或鼻窦炎、淋巴结炎引起的长期低热。 | [
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"entity": "慢性咽炎",
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{
"id": 1,
"entity": "扁桃体炎",
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"label": "dis"
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{
"id": 2,
"entity": "鼻窦炎",
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"label": "dis"
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"entity": "淋巴结炎",
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"id": 4,
"entity": "低热",
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约有3%儿童由隐匿性细菌性肺炎发展为细菌性脑膜炎。 | [
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"entity": "隐匿性细菌性肺炎",
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"id": 1,
"entity": "细菌性脑膜炎",
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"label": "dis"
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在流行地区，应考虑伤寒、副伤寒、布鲁菌病、疟疾、血吸虫病、肺吸虫病、钩端螺旋体病及旋毛虫病等。 | [
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"id": 2,
"entity": "布鲁菌病",
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"label": "dis"
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"id": 3,
"entity": "疟疾",
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"label": "dis"
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{
"id": 4,
"entity": "血吸虫病",
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"label": "dis"
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"id": 5,
"entity": "肺吸虫病",
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"label": "dis"
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{
"id": 6,
"entity": "钩端螺旋体病",
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"end_offset": 40,
"label": "dis"
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{
"id": 7,
"entity": "旋毛虫病",
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"end_offset": 45,
"label": "dis"
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结缔组织疾病中少年类风湿关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮为其主要病因。 | [
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"entity": "系统性红斑狼疮",
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川畸病、坏死性肉芽肿性血管炎较为常见。 | [
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其他包括皮肌炎、结节性脂膜炎等。 | [
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"entity": "结节性脂膜炎",
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小于3岁儿童FUO应主要考虑感染性疾病、先天性疾病及恶性肿瘤。 | [
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6岁以下儿童应考虑呼吸道或泌尿生殖系统感染、局部感染（脓肿、骨髓炎）、幼年类风湿关节炎。 | [
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"entity": "幼年类风湿关节炎",
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"label": "dis"
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在发热伴瘀点性皮疹中2%～8%为严重的细菌性感染，最常见的是奈瑟脑膜炎球菌。 | [
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"entity": "奈瑟脑膜炎球菌",
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发热伴疱疹多见于肺炎链球菌、链球菌、疟疾和立克次体感染的患儿。 | [
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"entity": "立克次体感染",
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发热伴淋巴结肿大，可见于传染性单核细胞增多症、白血病、恶性淋巴瘤、转移癌和淋巴结结核等。 | [
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"entity": "淋巴结结核",
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发热伴肝、脾肿大，可见于传染性单核细胞增多症、疟疾、黑热病、急性血吸虫病、结缔组织疾病、白血病及恶性淋巴瘤等。 | [
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"entity": "疟疾",
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"id": 3,
"entity": "黑热病",
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"id": 4,
"entity": "急性血吸虫病",
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"id": 5,
"entity": "结缔组织疾病",
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{
"id": 6,
"entity": "白血病",
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"entity": "恶性淋巴瘤",
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发热患儿长时间无汗提示脱水、中枢性或肾性尿崩症、外胚层汗腺发育不良、家族性自主神经功能异常、阿托品中毒等。 | [
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"entity": "阿托品中毒",
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发热伴眼睛发红、流泪可能是结缔组织病的体征，尤其是结节性多发性动脉炎。 | [
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葡萄膜炎提示结节病、幼年类风湿关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮、川崎病、Behçet综合征和脉管炎。 | [
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"id": 3,
"entity": "系统性红斑狼疮",
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"entity": "Behçet综合征",
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"entity": "脉管炎",
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视网膜脉络膜炎提示巨细胞病毒感染、弓形虫病或梅毒。 | [
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"entity": "梅毒",
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眼球突出则有可能为眶内肿瘤、甲状腺毒症、转移肿瘤（神经母细胞瘤）、眶内感染、坏死性肉芽肿性血管炎。 | [
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发热伴瞳孔不能收缩则提示下丘脑功能不全。 | [
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口腔白色念珠菌感染是各种免疫系统疾病的征兆。 | [
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反复寒战伴高热在各种病原引起的败血症中常见，尤其是与肾脏疾病、肝胆疾病、心内膜炎、疟疾、布鲁菌病、鼠咬热或局灶性多发性脓肿有关的败血症中多见。 | [
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"entity": "疟疾",
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"entity": "鼠咬热",
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{
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"entity": "局灶性多发性脓肿",
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"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 10,
"entity": "败血症",
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] |
骨骼的点状软化灶提示骨髓炎或骨髓的肿瘤性浸润。 | [
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{
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"entity": "骨髓的肿瘤性浸润",
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] |
斜方肌上方的软化提示膈下脓肿，全身肌肉软弱提示皮肌炎、旋毛虫病、多发性动脉炎、川崎病、支原体或虫媒病毒感染。 | [
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{
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"entity": "皮肌炎",
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{
"id": 4,
"entity": "旋毛虫病",
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{
"id": 5,
"entity": "多发性动脉炎",
"start_offset": 32,
"end_offset": 38,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 6,
"entity": "川崎病",
"start_offset": 39,
"end_offset": 42,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 7,
"entity": "支原体或虫媒病毒感染",
"start_offset": 43,
"end_offset": 53,
"label": "dis"
}
] |
如隐血试验阳性则提示肉芽肿性结肠炎或溃疡性结肠炎。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "隐血试验阳性",
"start_offset": 1,
"end_offset": 7,
"label": "ite"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "肉芽肿性结肠炎",
"start_offset": 10,
"end_offset": 17,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "溃疡性结肠炎",
"start_offset": 18,
"end_offset": 24,
"label": "dis"
}
] |
深反射亢进提示不明原因发热的病因可能是甲状腺毒症。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "深反射亢进",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 5,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "甲状腺毒症",
"start_offset": 19,
"end_offset": 24,
"label": "dis"
}
] |
血氧饱和度测定在小婴儿隐匿性细菌性肺炎的诊断中至关重要，由于婴幼儿肺炎中3%缺乏典型的呼吸道症状及肺部体征。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "血氧饱和度测定",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 7,
"label": "ite"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "隐匿性细菌性肺炎",
"start_offset": 11,
"end_offset": 19,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "呼吸道症状",
"start_offset": 43,
"end_offset": 48,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 3,
"entity": "肺部体征",
"start_offset": 49,
"end_offset": 53,
"label": "dis"
}
] |
对不明原因发热不伴其他局部症状、体征的患者，胃肠道X线检查对诊断炎性肠病有意义。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "胃肠道X线检查",
"start_offset": 22,
"end_offset": 29,
"label": "ite"
}
] |
骨髓检查有助于诊断白血病、转移瘤、分枝杆菌、真菌或寄生虫感染及组织细胞增多症、嗜红细胞现象。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "骨髓检查",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 4,
"label": "ite"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "白血病",
"start_offset": 9,
"end_offset": 12,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "转移瘤",
"start_offset": 13,
"end_offset": 16,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 3,
"entity": "分枝杆菌",
"start_offset": 17,
"end_offset": 21,
"label": "mic"
},
{
"id": 4,
"entity": "真菌",
"start_offset": 22,
"end_offset": 24,
"label": "mic"
},
{
"id": 5,
"entity": "寄生虫感染",
"start_offset": 25,
"end_offset": 30,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 6,
"entity": "组织细胞增多症",
"start_offset": 31,
"end_offset": 38,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 7,
"entity": "嗜红细胞现象",
"start_offset": 39,
"end_offset": 45,
"label": "sym"
}
] |
血清学检查（包括抗链球菌溶血素“O”测定、黏蛋白、二苯胺、类风湿因子、肥达反应、冷凝集试验、嗜异性凝集试验、甲胎蛋白测定、补体结合试验、血凝抑制试验、抗核抗体、梅毒凝集反应、酶的测定等）有助于诊断风湿热、传染性单核细胞增多症、巨细胞病毒感染、弓形虫病、沙门菌病、兔热病、布鲁菌病、钩端螺旋体病，有时对幼年类风湿关节炎、恶性肿瘤也有诊断意义。 | [
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"id": 0,
"entity": "血清学检查",
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},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "抗链球菌溶血素“O”测定",
"start_offset": 8,
"end_offset": 20,
"label": "ite"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "黏蛋白",
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"end_offset": 24,
"label": "ite"
},
{
"id": 3,
"entity": "二苯胺",
"start_offset": 25,
"end_offset": 28,
"label": "ite"
},
{
"id": 4,
"entity": "类风湿因子",
"start_offset": 29,
"end_offset": 34,
"label": "ite"
},
{
"id": 5,
"entity": "肥达反应",
"start_offset": 35,
"end_offset": 39,
"label": "ite"
},
{
"id": 6,
"entity": "冷凝集试验",
"start_offset": 40,
"end_offset": 45,
"label": "ite"
},
{
"id": 7,
"entity": "嗜异性凝集试验",
"start_offset": 46,
"end_offset": 53,
"label": "ite"
},
{
"id": 8,
"entity": "甲胎蛋白测定",
"start_offset": 54,
"end_offset": 60,
"label": "ite"
},
{
"id": 9,
"entity": "补体结合试验",
"start_offset": 61,
"end_offset": 67,
"label": "ite"
},
{
"id": 10,
"entity": "血凝抑制试验",
"start_offset": 68,
"end_offset": 74,
"label": "ite"
},
{
"id": 11,
"entity": "抗核抗体",
"start_offset": 75,
"end_offset": 79,
"label": "ite"
},
{
"id": 12,
"entity": "梅毒凝集反应",
"start_offset": 80,
"end_offset": 86,
"label": "ite"
},
{
"id": 13,
"entity": "酶的测定",
"start_offset": 87,
"end_offset": 91,
"label": "ite"
},
{
"id": 14,
"entity": "风湿热",
"start_offset": 98,
"end_offset": 101,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 15,
"entity": "传染性单核细胞增多症",
"start_offset": 102,
"end_offset": 112,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 16,
"entity": "巨细胞病毒感染",
"start_offset": 113,
"end_offset": 120,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 17,
"entity": "弓形虫病",
"start_offset": 121,
"end_offset": 125,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 18,
"entity": "沙门菌病",
"start_offset": 126,
"end_offset": 130,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 19,
"entity": "兔热病",
"start_offset": 131,
"end_offset": 134,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 20,
"entity": "布鲁菌病",
"start_offset": 135,
"end_offset": 139,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 21,
"entity": "钩端螺旋体病",
"start_offset": 140,
"end_offset": 146,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 22,
"entity": "幼年类风湿关节炎",
"start_offset": 150,
"end_offset": 158,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 23,
"entity": "恶性肿瘤",
"start_offset": 159,
"end_offset": 163,
"label": "dis"
}
] |
泌尿系感染中核素锝-99扫描对肾盂肾炎的确诊率为60%～80%。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "泌尿系感染",
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"end_offset": 5,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "核素锝-99扫描",
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"end_offset": 14,
"label": "pro"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "肾盂肾炎",
"start_offset": 15,
"end_offset": 19,
"label": "dis"
}
] |
超声心动有助于亚急性感染性心内膜炎的诊断。 | [
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"id": 0,
"entity": "超声心动",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 4,
"label": "pro"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "亚急性感染性心内膜炎",
"start_offset": 7,
"end_offset": 17,
"label": "dis"
}
] |
超声波检查可分辨腹腔内肝脓肿、膈下脓肿、盆腔脓肿和脾脏脓肿。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "超声波检查",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 5,
"label": "pro"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "腹腔内肝脓肿",
"start_offset": 8,
"end_offset": 14,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "膈下脓肿",
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"end_offset": 19,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 3,
"entity": "盆腔脓肿",
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"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 4,
"entity": "脾脏脓肿",
"start_offset": 25,
"end_offset": 29,
"label": "sym"
}
] |
前者用30%乙醇擦浴、温水棉球（非乙醇）擦浴，可用来降低由于感染而发热或外界环境所导致的体温过高（如热休克）。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "乙醇",
"start_offset": 6,
"end_offset": 8,
"label": "dru"
}
] |
对乙酰氨基酚10～15mg/kg，每4小时一次，很少有不良反应发生。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "对乙酰氨基酚",
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}
] |
布洛芬5～10mg/kg，6～8小时一次，其退热持续时间长，安全有效，不良反应少。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "布洛芬",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 3,
"label": "dru"
}
] |
致死性粒细胞缺乏为其最严重不良反应。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "致死性粒细胞缺乏",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 8,
"label": "dis"
}
] |
以下肢大关节炎为主要表现者常误诊为JIA少关节型。 | [
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"id": 0,
"entity": "下肢大关节炎",
"start_offset": 1,
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"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "JIA少关节型",
"start_offset": 17,
"end_offset": 24,
"label": "dis"
}
] |
JAS以年长儿居多，鉴于相当多的JAS病人伴有周围关节病变，因而也时常称为脊柱关节病综合征。 | [
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"id": 0,
"entity": "JAS",
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{
"id": 1,
"entity": "JAS",
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"end_offset": 19,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "脊柱关节病综合征",
"start_offset": 37,
"end_offset": 45,
"label": "dis"
}
] |
骶髂关节炎是JAS的特征性病变，但它可能在周围关节病发生后很长时间才得到证实。 | [
{
"id": 0,
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{
"id": 1,
"entity": "JAS",
"start_offset": 6,
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"label": "dis"
}
] |
国内第五届儿科免疫学术会议提出为了早期诊断JAS，建议将JRA少关节Ⅱ型病例中的年长男孩，伴肌腱附着处炎症，HLA-B27阳性，下肢关节炎为主，早期侵犯髋关节，有强直性脊柱炎家族史的患儿诊断为早期JAS，一旦有骶髂关节炎证据时即可确诊JAS。 | [
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"entity": "JAS",
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},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "JRA少关节Ⅱ型",
"start_offset": 28,
"end_offset": 36,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "肌腱附着处炎症",
"start_offset": 46,
"end_offset": 53,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 3,
"entity": "HLA-B27阳性",
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"end_offset": 63,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 4,
"entity": "下肢关节炎",
"start_offset": 64,
"end_offset": 69,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 5,
"entity": "髋关节",
"start_offset": 76,
"end_offset": 79,
"label": "bod"
},
{
"id": 6,
"entity": "强直性脊柱炎",
"start_offset": 81,
"end_offset": 87,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 7,
"entity": "骶髂关节炎",
"start_offset": 105,
"end_offset": 110,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 8,
"entity": "JAS",
"start_offset": 117,
"end_offset": 120,
"label": "dis"
}
] |
在以下几个方面JAS不同于JRA：即典型的骶髂关节炎，腰骶部病变，年长男孩占绝大多数，有家族史特征，RF阴性，HLA-B27阳性等。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "JAS",
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},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "JRA",
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"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "骶髂关节炎",
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},
{
"id": 3,
"entity": "腰骶部病变",
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"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 4,
"entity": "RF阴性",
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"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 5,
"entity": "HLA-B27阳性",
"start_offset": 55,
"end_offset": 64,
"label": "sym"
}
] |
骶髂关节炎是明确诊断JAS的关键条件。 | [
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},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "JAS",
"start_offset": 10,
"end_offset": 13,
"label": "dis"
}
] |
JAS早期可能发现因腰骶关节病变所致腰椎前突消失，限制了脊柱下部前弯（Schober征阳性）。 | [
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{
"id": 1,
"entity": "腰骶关节病变",
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},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "腰椎前突消失",
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},
{
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},
{
"id": 4,
"entity": "Schober征阳性",
"start_offset": 35,
"end_offset": 45,
"label": "sym"
}
] |
若有肋椎关节病变会使胸部扩张度减小。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "肋椎关节病变",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 8,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "胸部扩张度减小",
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"label": "sym"
}
] |
成人AS病人长期发作后可能发生主动脉炎或主动脉扩张，JAS主动脉病变发生率低于成年人，偶尔有报告JAS出现主动脉瓣关闭不全。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "AS",
"start_offset": 2,
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"label": "dis"
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{
"id": 1,
"entity": "主动脉炎",
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"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "主动脉扩张",
"start_offset": 20,
"end_offset": 25,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 3,
"entity": "JAS主动脉病变",
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"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 4,
"entity": "JAS",
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"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 5,
"entity": "主动脉瓣关闭不全",
"start_offset": 53,
"end_offset": 61,
"label": "sym"
}
] |
放射影像改变的特征是骶髂关节面硬化、糜烂或关节间隙增宽，继而发展到关节间隙变窄和僵直。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "放射影像",
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},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "关节间隙变窄和僵直",
"start_offset": 33,
"end_offset": 42,
"label": "sym"
}
] |
CT和MRI扫描会比普通X光片更早发现骶髂关节炎，MRI能更为敏感地发现慢性炎症。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "CT和MRI扫描",
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"label": "pro"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "X光片",
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"label": "pro"
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{
"id": 2,
"entity": "骶髂关节炎",
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{
"id": 3,
"entity": "MRI",
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"label": "pro"
},
{
"id": 4,
"entity": "慢性炎症",
"start_offset": 36,
"end_offset": 40,
"label": "dis"
}
] |
在AS晚期X线还可以发现韧带骨赘形成，关节突融合、形成“竹节样”脊柱。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "AS晚期",
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},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "X线",
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{
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"entity": "韧带骨赘形成",
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},
{
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"entity": "关节突融合",
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},
{
"id": 4,
"entity": "形成“竹节样”脊柱",
"start_offset": 25,
"end_offset": 34,
"label": "sym"
}
] |
多数人认为HLA-B27阳性仍是早期鉴别诊断幼年类风湿性关节炎与JAS的重要线索。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "HLA-B27阳性",
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"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "JAS",
"start_offset": 32,
"end_offset": 35,
"label": "dis"
}
] |
有些JAS病人对吲哚美辛治疗反应良好。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "JAS",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 5,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "吲哚美辛",
"start_offset": 8,
"end_offset": 12,
"label": "dru"
}
] |
有人用1-1羟化维生素D3治疗18例JAS，发现该药可降低CD4/CD8比例，血清IgG下降，骨质疏松减轻。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "1-1羟化维生素D3",
"start_offset": 3,
"end_offset": 13,
"label": "dru"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "JAS",
"start_offset": 18,
"end_offset": 21,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "血清IgG",
"start_offset": 39,
"end_offset": 44,
"label": "bod"
},
{
"id": 3,
"entity": "骨质疏松减轻",
"start_offset": 47,
"end_offset": 53,
"label": "sym"
}
] |
儿童慢性或反复有痰咳嗽常提示潜在肺部疾病或有全身疾病基础，应特别注意有无哮喘、免疫缺陷、被动吸烟、解剖畸形、慢性鼻-鼻窦炎、支气管扩张、囊性纤维化、纤毛功能障碍、环境污染等。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "慢性或反复有痰咳嗽",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 11,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "肺部",
"start_offset": 16,
"end_offset": 18,
"label": "bod"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "全身疾病",
"start_offset": 22,
"end_offset": 26,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 3,
"entity": "哮喘",
"start_offset": 36,
"end_offset": 38,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 4,
"entity": "免疫缺陷",
"start_offset": 39,
"end_offset": 43,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 5,
"entity": "被动吸烟",
"start_offset": 44,
"end_offset": 48,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 6,
"entity": "解剖畸形",
"start_offset": 49,
"end_offset": 53,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 7,
"entity": "慢性鼻-鼻窦炎",
"start_offset": 54,
"end_offset": 61,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 8,
"entity": "支气管扩张",
"start_offset": 62,
"end_offset": 67,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 9,
"entity": "囊性纤维化",
"start_offset": 68,
"end_offset": 73,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 10,
"entity": "纤毛功能障碍",
"start_offset": 74,
"end_offset": 80,
"label": "dis"
}
] |
多数先有上呼吸道感染症状，起病缓慢。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "呼吸道感染症状",
"start_offset": 5,
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"label": "sym"
}
] |
主要表现为气急、呼吸困难、心率增快、发绀、干咳、体重减轻、无力和食欲减退。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "气急",
"start_offset": 5,
"end_offset": 7,
"label": "sym"
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{
"id": 1,
"entity": "呼吸困难",
"start_offset": 8,
"end_offset": 12,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "心率增快",
"start_offset": 13,
"end_offset": 17,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 3,
"entity": "发绀",
"start_offset": 18,
"end_offset": 20,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 4,
"entity": "干咳",
"start_offset": 21,
"end_offset": 23,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 5,
"entity": "体重减轻",
"start_offset": 24,
"end_offset": 28,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 6,
"entity": "无力",
"start_offset": 29,
"end_offset": 31,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 7,
"entity": "食欲减退",
"start_offset": 32,
"end_offset": 36,
"label": "sym"
}
] |
X线胸片显示肺野片状模糊阴影，或弥漫性阴影，呈毛玻璃样，基底部尤为明显。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "X线胸片",
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"end_offset": 4,
"label": "ite"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "肺野片状模糊阴影",
"start_offset": 6,
"end_offset": 14,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "弥漫性阴影",
"start_offset": 16,
"end_offset": 21,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 3,
"entity": "呈毛玻璃样",
"start_offset": 22,
"end_offset": 27,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 4,
"entity": "基底部尤为明显",
"start_offset": 28,
"end_offset": 35,
"label": "sym"
}
] |
肾上腺皮质激素可使临床及X线改变好转。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "肾上腺皮质激素",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 7,
"label": "dru"
}
] |
无效者可选用免疫抑制剂或氯喹10mg/（kg•d）。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "免疫抑制剂",
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{
"id": 1,
"entity": "氯喹",
"start_offset": 12,
"end_offset": 14,
"label": "dru"
}
] |
已公认肺炎衣原体是5岁以上儿童肺炎的重要病原。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "肺炎衣原体",
"start_offset": 3,
"end_offset": 8,
"label": "mic"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "儿童肺炎",
"start_offset": 13,
"end_offset": 17,
"label": "dis"
}
] |
如遇到不能以病毒、细菌或支原体解释的年长儿肺炎，应想到本病。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "病毒",
"start_offset": 6,
"end_offset": 8,
"label": "mic"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "细菌",
"start_offset": 9,
"end_offset": 11,
"label": "mic"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "支原体",
"start_offset": 12,
"end_offset": 15,
"label": "mic"
},
{
"id": 3,
"entity": "年长儿肺炎",
"start_offset": 18,
"end_offset": 23,
"label": "dis"
}
] |
目前这类头痛是小儿非器质性头痛中较常见的类型，其终身患病率为37%～78%。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "头痛",
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"end_offset": 6,
"label": "dis"
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{
"id": 1,
"entity": "小儿非器质性头痛",
"start_offset": 7,
"end_offset": 15,
"label": "dis"
}
] |
PPHN指生后肺血管阻力持续性增高，肺动脉压超过体循环动脉压，使由胎儿型循环过渡至正常“成人”型循环发生障碍，而引起的心房及（或）动脉导管水平血液的右向左分流，临床出现严重低氧血症等症状。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "PPHN",
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"end_offset": 4,
"label": "dis"
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{
"id": 1,
"entity": "肺血管",
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"end_offset": 10,
"label": "bod"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "肺血管阻力持续性增高",
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"end_offset": 17,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 3,
"entity": "肺动脉压超过体循环动脉压",
"start_offset": 18,
"end_offset": 30,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 4,
"entity": "心房",
"start_offset": 59,
"end_offset": 61,
"label": "bod"
},
{
"id": 5,
"entity": "动脉导管",
"start_offset": 65,
"end_offset": 69,
"label": "bod"
},
{
"id": 6,
"entity": "心房及（或）动脉导管水平血液的右向左分流",
"start_offset": 59,
"end_offset": 79,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 7,
"entity": "低氧血症",
"start_offset": 86,
"end_offset": 90,
"label": "dis"
}
] |
PPHN多见于足月儿、近足月或过期产儿，但是早产儿亦可出现肺血管阻力的异常增高。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "PPHN",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 4,
"label": "dis"
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{
"id": 1,
"entity": "肺血管",
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"end_offset": 32,
"label": "bod"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "肺血管阻力的异常增高",
"start_offset": 29,
"end_offset": 39,
"label": "sym"
}
] |
肺实质性疾病，常见有呼吸窘迫综合征（RDS）、胎粪吸入综合征（MAS）和肺炎等，它们可因低氧而出现肺血管收缩、肺动脉高压。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "肺",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 1,
"label": "bod"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "呼吸窘迫综合征",
"start_offset": 10,
"end_offset": 17,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "RDS",
"start_offset": 18,
"end_offset": 21,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 3,
"entity": "胎粪吸入综合征",
"start_offset": 23,
"end_offset": 30,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 4,
"entity": "MAS",
"start_offset": 31,
"end_offset": 34,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 5,
"entity": "肺炎",
"start_offset": 36,
"end_offset": 38,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 6,
"entity": "低氧",
"start_offset": 44,
"end_offset": 46,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 7,
"entity": "肺血管收缩",
"start_offset": 49,
"end_offset": 54,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 8,
"entity": "肺动脉高压",
"start_offset": 55,
"end_offset": 60,
"label": "sym"
}
] |
生后除短期内有窘迫外，在生后24小时内可发现有发绀，如有肺部原发性疾病，患儿可出现气急、三凹征或呻吟，动脉血气显示严重低氧，二氧化碳分压相对正常。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "发绀",
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"end_offset": 25,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "肺部",
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"end_offset": 30,
"label": "bod"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "气急",
"start_offset": 41,
"end_offset": 43,
"label": "sym"
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{
"id": 3,
"entity": "三凹征",
"start_offset": 44,
"end_offset": 47,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 4,
"entity": "呻吟",
"start_offset": 48,
"end_offset": 50,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 5,
"entity": "动脉血气",
"start_offset": 51,
"end_offset": 55,
"label": "bod"
}
] |
高氧吸入试验的目的是将PPHN或发绀型先天性心脏病与肺部疾病所致的发绀进行鉴别。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "PPHN",
"start_offset": 11,
"end_offset": 15,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "发绀型先天性心脏病",
"start_offset": 16,
"end_offset": 25,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "肺部",
"start_offset": 26,
"end_offset": 28,
"label": "bod"
},
{
"id": 3,
"entity": "发绀",
"start_offset": 33,
"end_offset": 35,
"label": "dis"
}
] |
（5）其他：以多普勒测定左或右肺动脉平均血流速度，流速降低提示肺血管阻力增加、肺动脉高压，系列动态观察对评估PPHN的治疗效果有意义。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "多普勒",
"start_offset": 7,
"end_offset": 10,
"label": "ite"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "肺动脉",
"start_offset": 15,
"end_offset": 18,
"label": "bod"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "肺血管阻力增加",
"start_offset": 31,
"end_offset": 38,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 3,
"entity": "肺动脉高压",
"start_offset": 39,
"end_offset": 44,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 4,
"entity": "PPHN",
"start_offset": 54,
"end_offset": 58,
"label": "dis"
}
] |
经典（传统）的治疗手段有人工呼吸机的高通气、纠正酸中毒或碱化血液、纠正体循环低血压或给以正性肌力药物或液体扩容。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "人工呼吸机",
"start_offset": 12,
"end_offset": 17,
"label": "equ"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "酸中毒",
"start_offset": 24,
"end_offset": 27,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "碱化血液",
"start_offset": 28,
"end_offset": 32,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 3,
"entity": "体循环",
"start_offset": 35,
"end_offset": 38,
"label": "bod"
},
{
"id": 4,
"entity": "低血压",
"start_offset": 38,
"end_offset": 41,
"label": "dis"
}
] |
新型的治疗方法（如血管扩张剂、抗氧化剂治疗等）仍在不断的探索中，并有一定的前景。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "血管扩张剂",
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"end_offset": 14,
"label": "dru"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "抗氧化剂",
"start_offset": 15,
"end_offset": 19,
"label": "dru"
}
] |
如氧合改善不理想时，可试用高频震荡人工呼吸机（HFOV）。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "高频震荡人工呼吸机",
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"end_offset": 22,
"label": "equ"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "HFOV",
"start_offset": 23,
"end_offset": 27,
"label": "equ"
}
] |
PPHN伴有肺实质性疾病时，呼吸治疗应考针对原发病而采取不同的策略，而高频通气常用于严重肺实质性疾病所致的呼吸衰竭。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "PPHN",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 4,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "肺",
"start_offset": 6,
"end_offset": 7,
"label": "bod"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "呼吸",
"start_offset": 14,
"end_offset": 16,
"label": "ite"
},
{
"id": 3,
"entity": "肺",
"start_offset": 44,
"end_offset": 45,
"label": "bod"
},
{
"id": 4,
"entity": "呼吸衰竭",
"start_offset": 53,
"end_offset": 57,
"label": "sym"
}
] |
目前，临床和实验研究主要集中在对调节肺血管张力的三条途径进行探索，包括一氧化氮、前列环素及内皮素在肺血管张力的调节及相关类似物或阻滞剂的应用。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "肺血管",
"start_offset": 18,
"end_offset": 21,
"label": "bod"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "一氧化氮",
"start_offset": 35,
"end_offset": 39,
"label": "dru"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "前列环素",
"start_offset": 40,
"end_offset": 44,
"label": "dru"
},
{
"id": 3,
"entity": "内皮素",
"start_offset": 45,
"end_offset": 48,
"label": "dru"
},
{
"id": 4,
"entity": "肺血管",
"start_offset": 49,
"end_offset": 52,
"label": "bod"
}
] |
（2）妥拉苏林有胃肠道出血、体循环低血压等副作用，已较少用于PPHN。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "妥拉苏林",
"start_offset": 3,
"end_offset": 7,
"label": "dru"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "胃肠道",
"start_offset": 8,
"end_offset": 11,
"label": "bod"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "胃肠道出血",
"start_offset": 8,
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{
"id": 3,
"entity": "体循环",
"start_offset": 14,
"end_offset": 17,
"label": "bod"
},
{
"id": 4,
"entity": "体循环低血压",
"start_offset": 14,
"end_offset": 20,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 5,
"entity": "PPHN",
"start_offset": 30,
"end_offset": 34,
"label": "dis"
}
] |
（4）肺表面活性物质：成功的PPHN治疗取决于呼吸机应用时保持肺的最佳扩张状态。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "肺",
"start_offset": 3,
"end_offset": 4,
"label": "bod"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "PPHN",
"start_offset": 14,
"end_offset": 18,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "肺",
"start_offset": 31,
"end_offset": 32,
"label": "bod"
}
] |
PDE-5抑制剂西地那非（sildenafil）［或称万艾可（Viagra）］被试用于新生儿PPHN，且显示出能较选择性地作用于肺血管床的作用。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "PDE-5抑制剂西地那非",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 12,
"label": "dru"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "sildenafil",
"start_offset": 13,
"end_offset": 23,
"label": "dru"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "万艾可",
"start_offset": 27,
"end_offset": 30,
"label": "dru"
},
{
"id": 3,
"entity": "Viagra",
"start_offset": 31,
"end_offset": 37,
"label": "dru"
},
{
"id": 4,
"entity": "PPHN",
"start_offset": 46,
"end_offset": 50,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 5,
"entity": "肺血管",
"start_offset": 64,
"end_offset": 67,
"label": "bod"
}
] |
（7）内皮素拮抗剂：内皮素为强烈的血管收缩剂，在PPHN患者血浆内皮素（ET-1）水平增高，在成人肺动脉高压，口服内皮素受体拮抗剂波生坦（bosentan）已用于临床。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "内皮素拮抗剂",
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"end_offset": 9,
"label": "dru"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "内皮素",
"start_offset": 10,
"end_offset": 13,
"label": "dru"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "血管收缩剂",
"start_offset": 17,
"end_offset": 22,
"label": "dru"
},
{
"id": 3,
"entity": "PPHN",
"start_offset": 24,
"end_offset": 28,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 4,
"entity": "血浆内皮素（ET-1）水平增高",
"start_offset": 30,
"end_offset": 45,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 5,
"entity": "肺动脉高压",
"start_offset": 49,
"end_offset": 54,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 6,
"entity": "内皮素",
"start_offset": 57,
"end_offset": 60,
"label": "dru"
},
{
"id": 7,
"entity": "波生坦",
"start_offset": 65,
"end_offset": 68,
"label": "dru"
},
{
"id": 8,
"entity": "bosentan",
"start_offset": 69,
"end_offset": 77,
"label": "dru"
}
] |
可由细菌或病毒引起，也可为混合感染。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "细菌",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 4,
"label": "mic"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "病毒",
"start_offset": 5,
"end_offset": 7,
"label": "mic"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "混合感染",
"start_offset": 13,
"end_offset": 17,
"label": "dis"
}
] |
病毒感染所致者，症状与一般咽炎相似，有咽痛、低热和其他轻度全身症状。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "病毒感染",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 4,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "咽炎",
"start_offset": 13,
"end_offset": 15,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "咽痛",
"start_offset": 19,
"end_offset": 21,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 3,
"entity": "低热",
"start_offset": 22,
"end_offset": 24,
"label": "sym"
}
] |
急性化脓性扁桃体炎起病急，局部及全身症状均较重，咽痛剧烈，吞咽困难，疼痛常向耳部放射。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "急性化脓性扁桃体炎",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 9,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "耳部",
"start_offset": 38,
"end_offset": 40,
"label": "bod"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "咽痛剧烈，吞咽困难，疼痛常向耳部放射",
"start_offset": 24,
"end_offset": 42,
"label": "sym"
}
] |
下颌角淋巴结肿大。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "下颌角淋巴结",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 6,
"label": "bod"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "下颌角淋巴结肿大",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 8,
"label": "sym"
}
] |
检查可见扁桃体弥漫性红肿，隐窝口可有滤泡状黄白色脓点，并可连成假膜，但不超出扁桃体范围，易于拭去，不留出血创面，此点可与白喉鉴别。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "扁桃体",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 7,
"label": "bod"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "扁桃体弥漫性红肿",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 12,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "扁桃体",
"start_offset": 38,
"end_offset": 41,
"label": "bod"
},
{
"id": 3,
"entity": "隐窝口可有滤泡状黄白色脓点，并可连成假膜，但不超出扁桃体范围，易于拭去，不留出血创面",
"start_offset": 13,
"end_offset": 55,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 4,
"entity": "白喉",
"start_offset": 60,
"end_offset": 62,
"label": "dis"
}
] |
链球菌感染所致者多大于2岁。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "链球菌感染",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 5,
"label": "dis"
}
] |
上呼吸道感染的并发症在婴幼儿较为多见。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "上呼吸道感染",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 6,
"label": "dis"
}
] |
可波及邻近器官，或向下蔓延，引起中耳炎、鼻窦炎、咽后壁脓肿、颈淋巴结炎、喉炎、气管炎、支气管肺炎等。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "中耳炎",
"start_offset": 16,
"end_offset": 19,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "鼻窦炎",
"start_offset": 20,
"end_offset": 23,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "咽后壁脓肿",
"start_offset": 24,
"end_offset": 29,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 3,
"entity": "颈淋巴结炎",
"start_offset": 30,
"end_offset": 35,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 4,
"entity": "喉炎",
"start_offset": 36,
"end_offset": 38,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 5,
"entity": "气管炎",
"start_offset": 39,
"end_offset": 42,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 6,
"entity": "支气管肺炎",
"start_offset": 43,
"end_offset": 48,
"label": "dis"
}
] |
年长儿若患链球菌性上感，可由于变态反应引起急性肾炎、风湿热等。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "链球菌性上感",
"start_offset": 5,
"end_offset": 11,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "急性肾炎",
"start_offset": 21,
"end_offset": 25,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "风湿热",
"start_offset": 26,
"end_offset": 29,
"label": "dis"
}
] |
病毒感染者血白细胞计数正常或偏低，细菌感染者血白细胞常增高，以中性粒细胞为主。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "病毒感染",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 4,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "血白细胞计数",
"start_offset": 5,
"end_offset": 11,
"label": "ite"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "细菌感染",
"start_offset": 17,
"end_offset": 21,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 3,
"entity": "血白细胞",
"start_offset": 22,
"end_offset": 26,
"label": "ite"
},
{
"id": 4,
"entity": "中性粒细胞",
"start_offset": 31,
"end_offset": 36,
"label": "ite"
}
] |
咽拭子培养可有病原菌生长；链球菌引起者血中抗O抗体滴度可增高。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "咽拭子培养",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 5,
"label": "ite"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "病原菌",
"start_offset": 7,
"end_offset": 10,
"label": "mic"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "链球菌",
"start_offset": 13,
"end_offset": 16,
"label": "mic"
},
{
"id": 3,
"entity": "血",
"start_offset": 19,
"end_offset": 20,
"label": "bod"
},
{
"id": 4,
"entity": "抗O抗体",
"start_offset": 21,
"end_offset": 25,
"label": "bod"
}
] |
病毒分离和双份血清抗体反应有助于病毒感染的诊断，但由于费时较长，操作复杂，难以在临床中应用。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "病毒分离",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 4,
"label": "pro"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "双份血清抗体反应",
"start_offset": 5,
"end_offset": 13,
"label": "pro"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "病毒感染",
"start_offset": 16,
"end_offset": 20,
"label": "dis"
}
] |
近年来免疫荧光、酶联免疫等方法的开展，有利于病毒感染的早期诊断。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "免疫荧光",
"start_offset": 3,
"end_offset": 7,
"label": "pro"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "酶联免疫",
"start_offset": 8,
"end_offset": 12,
"label": "pro"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "病毒感染",
"start_offset": 22,
"end_offset": 26,
"label": "dis"
}
] |
根据临床表现，急性上感不难诊断，但需与流行性感冒鉴别。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "急性上感",
"start_offset": 7,
"end_offset": 11,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "流行性感冒",
"start_offset": 19,
"end_offset": 24,
"label": "dis"
}
] |
腹痛明显者应与急性阑尾炎鉴别。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "腹痛",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 2,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "急性阑尾炎",
"start_offset": 7,
"end_offset": 12,
"label": "dis"
}
] |
后者腹痛常先于发热，腹痛部位以右下腹为主，呈持续性，有腹肌紧张和固定压痛点；血白细胞及中性粒细胞增高。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "腹痛",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 4,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "发热",
"start_offset": 7,
"end_offset": 9,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "腹",
"start_offset": 10,
"end_offset": 11,
"label": "bod"
},
{
"id": 3,
"entity": "右下腹",
"start_offset": 15,
"end_offset": 18,
"label": "bod"
},
{
"id": 4,
"entity": "腹肌",
"start_offset": 27,
"end_offset": 29,
"label": "bod"
},
{
"id": 5,
"entity": "有腹肌紧张和固定压痛点",
"start_offset": 26,
"end_offset": 37,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 6,
"entity": "血白细胞",
"start_offset": 38,
"end_offset": 42,
"label": "ite"
},
{
"id": 7,
"entity": "中性粒细胞",
"start_offset": 43,
"end_offset": 48,
"label": "ite"
}
] |
此外，上感可作为各种传染病，如麻疹、流行性脑脊髓膜炎、猩红热等的前驱症状，因而应结合流行病史、临床表现及实验室资料综合分析，并观察病情演变加以鉴别。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "上感",
"start_offset": 3,
"end_offset": 5,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "传染病",
"start_offset": 10,
"end_offset": 13,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "麻疹",
"start_offset": 15,
"end_offset": 17,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 3,
"entity": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎",
"start_offset": 18,
"end_offset": 26,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 4,
"entity": "猩红热",
"start_offset": 27,
"end_offset": 30,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 5,
"entity": "流行病",
"start_offset": 42,
"end_offset": 45,
"label": "dis"
}
] |
病毒感染所致者以对症支持治疗为主，注意休息、多饮水。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "病毒感染",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 4,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "注意休息",
"start_offset": 17,
"end_offset": 21,
"label": "pro"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "多饮水",
"start_offset": 22,
"end_offset": 25,
"label": "pro"
}
] |
高热患儿以物理降温为主，酌情结合口服药物降温。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "高热",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 2,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "物理降温",
"start_offset": 5,
"end_offset": 9,
"label": "pro"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "口服药物降温",
"start_offset": 16,
"end_offset": 22,
"label": "pro"
}
] |
咽痛者可含服咽喉片，严重者适当应用对乙酰氨基酚或布洛芬；如发生高热惊厥可予镇静、止惊等处理。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "咽痛",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 2,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "含服",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 6,
"label": "pro"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "咽喉片",
"start_offset": 6,
"end_offset": 9,
"label": "dru"
},
{
"id": 3,
"entity": "对乙酰氨基酚",
"start_offset": 17,
"end_offset": 23,
"label": "dru"
},
{
"id": 4,
"entity": "布洛芬",
"start_offset": 24,
"end_offset": 27,
"label": "dru"
},
{
"id": 5,
"entity": "高热惊厥",
"start_offset": 31,
"end_offset": 35,
"label": "sym"
},
{
"id": 6,
"entity": "镇静、止惊",
"start_offset": 37,
"end_offset": 42,
"label": "pro"
}
] |
酌情使用抗病毒药物如利巴韦林（病毒唑），疗程为3～5日。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "抗病毒药物",
"start_offset": 4,
"end_offset": 9,
"label": "dru"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "利巴韦林",
"start_offset": 10,
"end_offset": 14,
"label": "dru"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "病毒唑",
"start_offset": 15,
"end_offset": 18,
"label": "dru"
}
] |
细菌感染者，或病情重、有继发细菌感染可能，或有并发症者可选用抗菌药物，常用青霉素，疗程3～5日。 | [
{
"id": 0,
"entity": "细菌感染",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 4,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 1,
"entity": "继发细菌感染",
"start_offset": 12,
"end_offset": 18,
"label": "dis"
},
{
"id": 2,
"entity": "抗菌药物",
"start_offset": 30,
"end_offset": 34,
"label": "dru"
},
{
"id": 3,
"entity": "青霉素",
"start_offset": 37,
"end_offset": 40,
"label": "dru"
}
] |
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