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MedicalSciences-StackExchange

question_body stringlengths 47 7.49k	question_title stringlengths 15 167	tags sequence	license stringclasses 3 values	question_id int64 2 32.4k	answers list	link stringlengths 72 143	score int64 -5 112
<p>My job requires long periods of computer screen use. I have good eyesight (20/15) and don't wear glasses, but I definitely notice my eyes feeling fatigued at the end of the day. Sometimes when I'm short on sleep, I have trouble focusing or see slightly blurred vision.</p> <p>I want to protect my eyesight as much as...	How can I protect my eyesight when using computers?	[ "eye", "computers", "lifestyle" ]	CC BY-SA 3.0	52	[ { "answer_id": 85, "body": "<h3>20-20-20 Rule</h3>\n<p>Every 20 minutes of looking at the screen, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds. Also, try to blink a lot.</p>\n<h3>Adjusting settings</h3>\n<p>Using a larger font to read helps to reduce eye strain. Adjusting your brightness helps, usually bri...	https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/52/how-can-i-protect-my-eyesight-when-using-computers	112
<p>The received wisdom seems to be that bending forward for prolonged periods of time is bad for the back. Fine. However, the "received wisdom" has been, for a long time now, that sitting bolt upright is the best posture for the back. However, <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/6187080.stm">a study</a> actually con...	What's the best long-term sitting posture?	[ "research", "lifestyle", "back", "posture", "sitting" ]	CC BY-SA 3.0	463	[ { "answer_id": 495, "body": "<p>The best long-term perfect posture is subjective due to the variety of body types, incorrect posture differs from person to person and person's proper posture can be incorrect posture for someone else and vice versa.</p>\n\n<p>Usually the good sitting posture can be determine...	https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/463/whats-the-best-long-term-sitting-posture	67
<p>Cellular phones are taking ever increasing part in our lives, and I keep hearing people saying they are harmful to our health.</p> <p>Are there any scientific researches so far proving or disproving those claims?</p> <p>I found couple of semi-scientific articles:</p> <ol> <li><p><a href="http://www.mayoclinic.org...	Is there any health risk in cellular phones?	[ "cancer", "brain", "cellular-phone", "bioelectromagnetics", "health-outcomes" ]	CC BY-SA 4.0	26	[ { "answer_id": 39, "body": "<p>The IARC has concluded that <a href=\"http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/causes-prevention/risk/radiation/cell-phones-fact-sheet\">cell phones are a \"possible carcinogen\"</a> due to the amount of evidence going both directions.</p>\n\n<p>The gist of it is summarised on the w...	https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/26/is-there-any-health-risk-in-cellular-phones	51
<p>I've read conflicting information on how many eggs one can eat per day:</p> <p><a href="http://dailyhealthpost.com/how-many-eggs-a-day-can-you-safely-eat/2/">Daily Health Post - How Many Eggs a Day Can You Safely Eat?</a></p> <blockquote> <p>How many eggs a day can you safely eat? Apparently, as many as you want...	How many eggs can one eat per day?	[ "nutrition" ]	CC BY-SA 3.0	529	[ { "answer_id": 681, "body": "<p>Metabolic rate, individual genetics, cholesterol-absorption controversies, nutrients of the egg, size of the egg, and definition of \"maximum\" all contribute to ambiguity.\n<a href=\"http://www.eggnutritioncenter.org/egg-facts/nutrition-facts-panels/\">This list of egg sizes...	https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/529/how-many-eggs-can-one-eat-per-day	48
<p>There are people who avoid preparing their food in microwave ovens for various health-related reasons. The claims most often stated are:</p> <ul> <li>Microwave radiation is harmful.</li> <li>Microwaving destroys vitamins and other nutrients.</li> </ul> <p>Is there any scientific evidence to suggest that microwaved...	Is food prepared in a microwave oven less healthy?	[ "nutrition", "bioelectromagnetics", "microwaves" ]	CC BY-SA 4.0	456	[ { "answer_id": 477, "body": "<p><strong>TL;DR</strong>: No, food cooked via a microwave oven is generally not less healthy than food cooked by other methods. </p>\n\n<hr>\n\n<p>In general, cooking by any method destroys or reduces nutrient value<sup><a href=\"http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/cooking-food-red...	https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/456/is-food-prepared-in-a-microwave-oven-less-healthy	47
<p>Can MRIs have any deleterious effect on one's health? Or would it be safe to have say 5 MRIs per year?</p>	Can MRI scans be dangerous for one's health?	[ "side-effects", "mri", "medical-imaging", "bioelectromagnetics" ]	CC BY-SA 4.0	21	[ { "answer_id": 37, "body": "<p>One of the greatest benefits of MRI scans is their safety. Unlike PET, X-ray, CT and most other scans, MRIs use the properties of body tissues in magnetic fields to produce an image. The MRI machine produces a powerful magnetic field which interacts with body tissues to produc...	https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/21/can-mri-scans-be-dangerous-for-ones-health	46
<p>The following tooth cracks are noticeable when a torch is shining on them (without the torch, they aren't visible). Are they serious? How viable are the teeth, and might they need to be replaced with false teeth in the near future? There is no pain experienced, but they seem to look quite bad:</p> <p><img src="h...	What are these lines in teeth?	[ "dentistry" ]	CC BY-SA 3.0	2	[ { "answer_id": 14, "body": "<p>I believe that those lines are craze lines. <strong>\"Craze lines are merely cracks in the enamel that do not extend into the dentin.\"</strong> They occur because of stress in your teeth, ie: grinding your teeth, biting your nails, and even routine use of your teeth. What you...	https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/2/what-are-these-lines-in-teeth	43
<p>I love all kinds of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pungency" rel="noreferrer">pungent</a> food such as chili peppers etc., the hotter the better.</p> <p>I'd like to know, are there any significant dangers or benefits related to consuming them?</p> <p><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/CGzbbt.jpg" alt="ent...	Is eating spicy hot (pungent) food (hot chilli & peppers etc.) healthy or harmful?	[ "nutrition", "risks", "benefits", "healthy-cooking" ]	CC BY-SA 3.0	178	[ { "answer_id": 180, "body": "<p>Obviously some spicy foods are better for you than others, but I am assuming you want an answer about spicy foods in general. </p>\n\n<p>One of the biggest benefits of eating spicy foods, especially chili peppers, is that it helps you lose weight. Spicy foods help to raise yo...	https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/178/is-eating-spicy-hot-pungent-food-hot-chilli-peppers-etc-healthy-or-harmfu	42
<p>It's been argued by various medical organizations that male circumcision has various medical benefits, such as reducing the risk of catching HIV, or reducing the risk of urinary tract infections, for instance. Are there any respectable scientific studies to back these assertions up?</p>	Are there any health benefits to male circumcision?	[ "urology" ]	CC BY-SA 3.0	13	[ { "answer_id": 18, "body": "<p>There is evidence that neonatal circumcision saying that the benefits of circumcision outweigh the risks.</p>\n\n<p>According to a study done on neonatal circumcision<sup>[1]</sup>, the lifetime benefits of being circumcised outweighed the risks 100 to 1. Some of the risks peo...	https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/13/are-there-any-health-benefits-to-male-circumcision	41
<p>There is a popular perception, and many marketing claims, that organic produce (and food in general) is <strong>healthier</strong> than food grown with conventional methods.</p> <p>Most commonly, the reasons given are: less or no pesticide use, lack of synthetic/chemical pesticides and herbicides, no artificial gro...	Are organic foods healthier than conventional foods?	[ "diet", "nutrition" ]	CC BY-SA 3.0	343	[ { "answer_id": 385, "body": "<p><strong>TL;DR</strong> - Organic foods don't seem to have a significant difference as of what studies can prove, which is why conventional or organic, people should make sure they're getting the proper nutrients that their bodies need.</p>\n\n<hr>\n\n<p><strong>Brief History ...	https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/343/are-organic-foods-healthier-than-conventional-foods	41
<p>It seems the question of vaccine harm has been around at least as long as vaccines<sup><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_controversies">1</a></sup>. Specifically, the claim that vaccines can cause or contribute to autism has been hotly debated in the last decade. Many claim that there is a dangerous (pos...	Do vaccines cause autism?	[ "vaccination", "autism" ]	CC BY-SA 3.0	357	[ { "answer_id": 361, "body": "<p>This has been a controversial dispute for a long time and it can involve a lot of personal opinion, but I will try to answer this as scientifically as possible.</p>\n<p>There hasn't been any viable evidence that vaccines do cause autism. Several different theories have been p...	https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/357/do-vaccines-cause-autism	41
<p>Suppose that a dentist is doing a standard dental procedure, e.g. drilling out decay, on me, and I start feeling pain as he does it. Assuming that I can handle the pain silently, so I don't <em>need</em> to report it for my own sake, is it at all helpful to the dentist's work for me to report it? Is this feedback th...	Is it helpful to a dentist to report pain during a procedure?	[ "pain", "dentistry" ]	CC BY-SA 3.0	735	[ { "answer_id": 736, "body": "<p>Most dentists - for <em>most</em> procedures - aim for a <em>painless</em> experience. If there is reason to keep some pain sensation intact, the dentist will inform you, and ask at appropriate intervals if you can feel pain.</p>\n\n<p>The efficacy of lidocaine and other loca...	https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/735/is-it-helpful-to-a-dentist-to-report-pain-during-a-procedure	40
<p>I regularly donate blood, however, I am curious as to what happens to my blood after I donate. Obviously some of it will go to people in emergency medical situations, as I intend. However, I have never heard of situations where someone died because we didn't have blood to donate to them; which makes it sound as if...	What is excess blood from blood donations used for, and do we ever run out?	[ "blood" ]	CC BY-SA 3.0	1,276	[ { "answer_id": 1278, "body": "<p>Great question! I think it's answerable as an overview, but please know this is only the tip of the iceberg.*</p>\n\n<p><strong>Summary</strong>: Yes, we have deficits of certain blood products in certain locations at certain times that affect patient care. However, a small ...	https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/1276/what-is-excess-blood-from-blood-donations-used-for-and-do-we-ever-run-out	39
<p>In the past month, I've been really busy with the university and stuff, and I don't sleep as much as I used to. I usually sleep 4-5 hours a night.</p> <p>I haven't been doing that extensively ( I always kept a good sleeping routine), but can the lack of sleep affect my health on the long term ?</p>	Does the lack of sleep affect my health?	[ "sleep" ]	CC BY-SA 3.0	122	[ { "answer_id": 138, "body": "<p>In short, and according to <a href=\"http://healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/healthy/about\">the WGBH Educational Foundation and the Harvard Medical School Division of Sleep Medicine</a>:</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><p>Lack of sleep can, in the short term, \"affect judgment, mood, ability t...	https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/122/does-the-lack-of-sleep-affect-my-health	38
<p>According to the data on the <a href="https://gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Tracker</a>, as of 3rd February 2020 there were 17491 confirmed cases of COVID-19 globally, 536 total recoveries and 362 deaths....	Does COVID-19 have a case fatality rate of 41%? Is this formula correct?	[ "virus", "infectious-diseases", "death", "covid-19" ]	CC BY-SA 4.0	20,970	[ { "answer_id": 20980, "body": "<p>The definition of mortality rate that you've given does not match any practical definition I'm familiar with.*</p>\n\n<p>When people talk about the mortality rate of a disease, what they <em>usually</em> mean is the <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_fatality_rate...	https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/20970/does-covid-19-have-a-case-fatality-rate-of-41-is-this-formula-correct	35
<p>In most countries, there is a legal drinking age: 21 in the U.S., 18 in most European countries. I've always been told that legal drinking age is in place because alcohol has harmful effects on underage people. I've never been told what these harmful effects are, though. I've also questioned sometimes if this is tru...	What effects does alcohol have on underage children?	[ "side-effects", "alcohol", "pediatrics" ]	CC BY-SA 3.0	355	[ { "answer_id": 447, "body": "<p>Alcohol is a psychoactive drug that acts as a central nervous system depressant.</p>\n\n<p>Drinking under-age increases alcohol risks in later life. Research shows the brain keeps developing well into the twenties, during which time it continues to establish important communi...	https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/355/what-effects-does-alcohol-have-on-underage-children	34
<p>I'm sure this question is asked a lot. I asked it of two different doctors myself recently, one of them a diabetes specialist. They both said that causing too much sugar did increase the risk. Neither offered any actual evidence. The specialist gave a rather strange reason, which now escapes me.</p> <p>This idea ha...	Is there evidence that eating too much sugar can increase the risk of diabetes?	[ "diabetes", "sugar" ]	CC BY-SA 3.0	51	[ { "answer_id": 60, "body": "<p>High consumption of sugar can up the risk of diabetes, but it is not the only contributing factor. There have been studies that have shown that sugar-sweetened drinks (mainly soda) have increased the probability of type 2 diabetes.<a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2...	https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/51/is-there-evidence-that-eating-too-much-sugar-can-increase-the-risk-of-diabetes	33
<p>One of the most often-cited facts about human life, compared to those of other animals, is that the main reason we live so much longer is modern medicine. Because we can treat illnesses that would previously affect lifespan, we are far more likely to live greatly extended lifespans. However, this leads to two possib...	If human life is so long largely due to modern medicine, does every illness shorten lifespan?	[ "life-expectancy", "disease", "statistics" ]	CC BY-SA 3.0	4	[ { "answer_id": 10, "body": "<p>Both. Human cells largely exhibit a phenomenon called <em>senescence</em> - they just give up and die after they reach a certain age via a biochemical mechanism called <em><a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26873/\">apoptosis</a></em>. The outer limit of survivabil...	https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/4/if-human-life-is-so-long-largely-due-to-modern-medicine-does-every-illness-shor	32
<p>I have to attend classes at the university, band rehearsals, I live with my family, so I come close with many people during the day. I have to meet most of these people on a daily basis, even when I have the (common) cold.</p> <p>How can I prevent it from spreading to the people around me? </p>	How can I prevent a cold from spreading to the people around me?	[ "common-cold" ]	CC BY-SA 3.0	365	[ { "answer_id": 366, "body": "<p>There are lots of things you can do to be a responsible and considerate individual. Props for even asking this question!</p>\n\n<ol>\n<li><p>Cover your cough to prevent air-borne transmission with the inner part of your arm or your shoulder- whichever come into contact with o...	https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/365/how-can-i-prevent-a-cold-from-spreading-to-the-people-around-me	31
<p>I have read several web pages that mention the potential benefits of sleeping without a pillow.</p> <p>Examples:</p> <p><a href="http://www.newhealthadvisor.com/Sleeping-Without-a-Pillow.html" rel="noreferrer">http://www.newhealthadvisor.com/Sleeping-Without-a-Pillow.html</a></p> <blockquote> <p>Is Sleeping Without ...	Is it better to sleep without a pillow?	[ "sleep", "spine", "position" ]	CC BY-SA 4.0	5,044	[ { "answer_id": 7673, "body": "<p>For most people, it is better to sleep <em>with</em> a pillow according to the latest research.</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>Sleeping without a pillow <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24248001\" rel=\"noreferrer\">increases interocular pressure</a> which is considered a risk...	https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/5044/is-it-better-to-sleep-without-a-pillow	31
<p>I like coffee, but caffeine seems to 'wire' me much more extremely than most other people. I feel energized or even shaky after less than half a normal cup, and a whole 8 ounces will usually cause me to sweat or make my heart race uncomfortably. </p> <p>Even decaffeinated coffee seems to have this effect, which see...	Why do I feel shaky after only a small amount of caffeine?	[ "caffeine", "drug-metabolism", "energy", "shake-tremble-fidget" ]	CC BY-SA 3.0	65	[ { "answer_id": 76, "body": "<p>Caffeine metabolism has to do with your genetic makeup. The slower you metabolize caffeine, the more effect it will have on you. The cause for the differences that people have in how fast they metabolize caffeine has to depend on the CYP1A2 gene. Variants of this gene can caus...	https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/65/why-do-i-feel-shaky-after-only-a-small-amount-of-caffeine	29
<p>Sometimes doctors prescribe steroid tablets to suppress pain for diseases, such as <a href="http://www.arthritisresearchuk.org/arthritis-information/drugs/steroid-tablets.aspx">arthritis</a>. Why do they prescribe it even though they know the side effects? </p>	Why do doctors prescribe steroid tablets even though they know the side effects?	[ "medications", "steroids", "side-effects" ]	CC BY-SA 3.0	120	[ { "answer_id": 307, "body": "<p>I think a missing bit of information that might help you get a better sense of this practice is: <strong>steroids are miracle drugs.</strong> </p>\n\n<p>OK, that was in jest - no miracles here. Truth be told, though, if there is a single class of drugs that has added more <a ...	https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/120/why-do-doctors-prescribe-steroid-tablets-even-though-they-know-the-side-effects	29

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All StackExchange questions and their answers from the Medical Sciences site, up to 14 August 2023. The repository includes a notebook for the process using the official StackExchange API.

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