link stringlengths 72 143 | answers list | question_id int64 2 32.4k | license stringclasses 3
values | question_title stringlengths 15 167 | tags list | question_body stringlengths 47 7.49k | score int64 -5 112 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/52/how-can-i-protect-my-eyesight-when-using-computers | [
{
"answer_id": 85,
"body": "<h3>20-20-20 Rule</h3>\n<p>Every 20 minutes of looking at the screen, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds. Also, try to blink a lot.</p>\n<h3>Adjusting settings</h3>\n<p>Using a larger font to read helps to reduce eye strain. Adjusting your brightness helps, usually bri... | 52 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | How can I protect my eyesight when using computers? | [
"eye",
"computers",
"lifestyle"
] | <p>My job requires long periods of computer screen use. I have good eyesight (20/15) and don't wear glasses, but I definitely notice my eyes feeling fatigued at the end of the day. Sometimes when I'm short on sleep, I have trouble focusing or see slightly blurred vision.</p>
<p>I want to protect my eyesight as much as... | 112 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/463/whats-the-best-long-term-sitting-posture | [
{
"answer_id": 495,
"body": "<p>The best long-term perfect posture is subjective due to the variety of body types, incorrect posture differs from person to person and person's proper posture can be incorrect posture for someone else and vice versa.</p>\n\n<p>Usually the good sitting posture can be determine... | 463 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | What's the best long-term sitting posture? | [
"research",
"lifestyle",
"back",
"posture",
"sitting"
] | <p>The received wisdom seems to be that bending forward for prolonged periods of time is bad for the back. Fine. However, the "received wisdom" has been, for a long time now, that sitting bolt upright is the best posture for the back. However, <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/6187080.stm">a study</a> actually con... | 67 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/26/is-there-any-health-risk-in-cellular-phones | [
{
"answer_id": 39,
"body": "<p>The IARC has concluded that <a href=\"http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/causes-prevention/risk/radiation/cell-phones-fact-sheet\">cell phones are a \"possible carcinogen\"</a> due to the amount of evidence going both directions.</p>\n\n<p>The gist of it is summarised on the w... | 26 | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Is there any health risk in cellular phones? | [
"cancer",
"brain",
"cellular-phone",
"bioelectromagnetics",
"health-outcomes"
] | <p>Cellular phones are taking ever increasing part in our lives, and I keep hearing people saying they are harmful to our health.</p>
<p>Are there any scientific researches so far proving or disproving those claims?</p>
<p>I found couple of semi-scientific articles:</p>
<ol>
<li><p><a href="http://www.mayoclinic.org... | 51 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/529/how-many-eggs-can-one-eat-per-day | [
{
"answer_id": 681,
"body": "<p>Metabolic rate, individual genetics, cholesterol-absorption controversies, nutrients of the egg, size of the egg, and definition of \"maximum\" all contribute to ambiguity.\n<a href=\"http://www.eggnutritioncenter.org/egg-facts/nutrition-facts-panels/\">This list of egg sizes... | 529 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | How many eggs can one eat per day? | [
"nutrition"
] | <p>I've read conflicting information on how many eggs one can eat per day:</p>
<p><a href="http://dailyhealthpost.com/how-many-eggs-a-day-can-you-safely-eat/2/">Daily Health Post - How Many Eggs a Day Can You Safely Eat?</a></p>
<blockquote>
<p>How many eggs a day can you safely eat? Apparently, as many as you want... | 48 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/456/is-food-prepared-in-a-microwave-oven-less-healthy | [
{
"answer_id": 477,
"body": "<p><strong>TL;DR</strong>: No, food cooked via a microwave oven is generally not less healthy than food cooked by other methods. </p>\n\n<hr>\n\n<p>In general, cooking by any method destroys or reduces nutrient value<sup><a href=\"http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/cooking-food-red... | 456 | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Is food prepared in a microwave oven less healthy? | [
"nutrition",
"bioelectromagnetics",
"microwaves"
] | <p>There are people who avoid preparing their food in microwave ovens for various health-related reasons. The claims most often stated are:</p>
<ul>
<li>Microwave radiation is harmful.</li>
<li>Microwaving destroys vitamins and other nutrients.</li>
</ul>
<p>Is there any scientific evidence to suggest that microwaved... | 47 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/21/can-mri-scans-be-dangerous-for-ones-health | [
{
"answer_id": 37,
"body": "<p>One of the greatest benefits of MRI scans is their safety. Unlike PET, X-ray, CT and most other scans, MRIs use the properties of body tissues in magnetic fields to produce an image. The MRI machine produces a powerful magnetic field which interacts with body tissues to produc... | 21 | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Can MRI scans be dangerous for one's health? | [
"side-effects",
"mri",
"medical-imaging",
"bioelectromagnetics"
] | <p>Can MRIs have any deleterious effect on one's health? Or would it be safe to have say 5 MRIs per year?</p>
| 46 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/2/what-are-these-lines-in-teeth | [
{
"answer_id": 14,
"body": "<p>I believe that those lines are craze lines. <strong>\"Craze lines are merely cracks in the enamel that do not extend into the dentin.\"</strong> They occur because of stress in your teeth, ie: grinding your teeth, biting your nails, and even routine use of your teeth. What you... | 2 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | What are these lines in teeth? | [
"dentistry"
] | <p>The following tooth cracks are noticeable when a torch is shining on them (without the torch, they aren't visible). Are they serious? How viable are the teeth, and might they need to be replaced with false teeth in the near future? There is no pain experienced, but they seem to look quite bad:</p>
<p><img src="h... | 43 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/178/is-eating-spicy-hot-pungent-food-hot-chilli-peppers-etc-healthy-or-harmfu | [
{
"answer_id": 180,
"body": "<p>Obviously some spicy foods are better for you than others, but I am assuming you want an answer about spicy foods in general. </p>\n\n<p>One of the biggest benefits of eating spicy foods, especially chili peppers, is that it helps you lose weight. Spicy foods help to raise yo... | 178 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Is eating spicy hot (pungent) food (hot chilli & peppers etc.) healthy or harmful? | [
"nutrition",
"risks",
"benefits",
"healthy-cooking"
] | <p>I love all kinds of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pungency" rel="noreferrer">pungent</a> food such as chili peppers etc., the hotter the better.</p>
<p>I'd like to know, are there any significant dangers or benefits related to consuming them?</p>
<p><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/CGzbbt.jpg" alt="ent... | 42 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/13/are-there-any-health-benefits-to-male-circumcision | [
{
"answer_id": 18,
"body": "<p>There is evidence that neonatal circumcision saying that the benefits of circumcision outweigh the risks.</p>\n\n<p>According to a study done on neonatal circumcision<sup>[1]</sup>, the lifetime benefits of being circumcised outweighed the risks 100 to 1. Some of the risks peo... | 13 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Are there any health benefits to male circumcision? | [
"urology"
] | <p>It's been argued by various medical organizations that male circumcision has various medical benefits, such as reducing the risk of catching HIV, or reducing the risk of urinary tract infections, for instance. Are there any respectable scientific studies to back these assertions up?</p>
| 41 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/343/are-organic-foods-healthier-than-conventional-foods | [
{
"answer_id": 385,
"body": "<p><strong>TL;DR</strong> - Organic foods don't seem to have a significant difference as of what studies can prove, which is why conventional or organic, people should make sure they're getting the proper nutrients that their bodies need.</p>\n\n<hr>\n\n<p><strong>Brief History ... | 343 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Are organic foods healthier than conventional foods? | [
"diet",
"nutrition"
] | <p>There is a popular perception, and many marketing claims, that organic produce (and food in general) is <strong>healthier</strong> than food grown with conventional methods.</p>
<p>Most commonly, the reasons given are: less or no pesticide use, lack of synthetic/chemical pesticides and herbicides, no artificial gro... | 41 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/357/do-vaccines-cause-autism | [
{
"answer_id": 361,
"body": "<p>This has been a controversial dispute for a long time and it can involve a lot of personal opinion, but I will try to answer this as scientifically as possible.</p>\n<p>There hasn't been any viable evidence that vaccines do cause autism. Several different theories have been p... | 357 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Do vaccines cause autism? | [
"vaccination",
"autism"
] | <p>It seems the question of vaccine harm has been around at least as long as vaccines<sup><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_controversies">1</a></sup>. Specifically, the claim that vaccines can cause or contribute to autism has been hotly debated in the last decade. Many claim that there is a dangerous (pos... | 41 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/735/is-it-helpful-to-a-dentist-to-report-pain-during-a-procedure | [
{
"answer_id": 736,
"body": "<p>Most dentists - for <em>most</em> procedures - aim for a <em>painless</em> experience. If there is reason to keep some pain sensation intact, the dentist will inform you, and ask at appropriate intervals if you can feel pain.</p>\n\n<p>The efficacy of lidocaine and other loca... | 735 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Is it helpful to a dentist to report pain during a procedure? | [
"pain",
"dentistry"
] | <p>Suppose that a dentist is doing a standard dental procedure, e.g. drilling out decay, on me, and I start feeling pain as he does it. Assuming that I can handle the pain silently, so I don't <em>need</em> to report it for my own sake, is it at all helpful to the dentist's work for me to report it? Is this feedback th... | 40 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/1276/what-is-excess-blood-from-blood-donations-used-for-and-do-we-ever-run-out | [
{
"answer_id": 1278,
"body": "<p>Great question! I think it's answerable as an overview, but please know this is only the tip of the iceberg.*</p>\n\n<p><strong>Summary</strong>: Yes, we have deficits of certain blood products in certain locations at certain times that affect patient care. However, a small ... | 1,276 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | What is excess blood from blood donations used for, and do we ever run out? | [
"blood"
] | <p>I regularly donate blood, however, I am curious as to what happens to my blood after I donate. Obviously some of it will go to people in emergency medical situations, as I intend. However, I have never heard of situations where someone died because we didn't have blood to donate to them; which makes it sound as if... | 39 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/122/does-the-lack-of-sleep-affect-my-health | [
{
"answer_id": 138,
"body": "<p>In short, and according to <a href=\"http://healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/healthy/about\">the WGBH Educational Foundation and the Harvard Medical School Division of Sleep Medicine</a>:</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><p>Lack of sleep can, in the short term, \"affect judgment, mood, ability t... | 122 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Does the lack of sleep affect my health? | [
"sleep"
] | <p>In the past month, I've been really busy with the university and stuff, and I don't sleep as much as I used to. I usually sleep 4-5 hours a night.</p>
<p>I haven't been doing that extensively ( I always kept a good sleeping routine), but can the lack of sleep affect my health on the long term ?</p>
| 38 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/20970/does-covid-19-have-a-case-fatality-rate-of-41-is-this-formula-correct | [
{
"answer_id": 20980,
"body": "<p>The definition of mortality rate that you've given does not match any practical definition I'm familiar with.*</p>\n\n<p>When people talk about the mortality rate of a disease, what they <em>usually</em> mean is the <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_fatality_rate... | 20,970 | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Does COVID-19 have a case fatality rate of 41%? Is this formula correct? | [
"virus",
"infectious-diseases",
"death",
"covid-19"
] | <p>According to the data on the <a href="https://gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Tracker</a>, as of 3rd February 2020 there were 17491 confirmed cases of COVID-19 globally, 536 total recoveries and 362 deaths.... | 35 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/355/what-effects-does-alcohol-have-on-underage-children | [
{
"answer_id": 447,
"body": "<p>Alcohol is a psychoactive drug that acts as a central nervous system depressant.</p>\n\n<p>Drinking under-age increases alcohol risks in later life. Research shows the brain keeps developing well into the twenties, during which time it continues to establish important communi... | 355 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | What effects does alcohol have on underage children? | [
"side-effects",
"alcohol",
"pediatrics"
] | <p>In most countries, there is a legal drinking age: 21 in the U.S., 18 in most European countries. I've always been told that legal drinking age is in place because alcohol has harmful effects on underage people. I've never been told what these harmful effects are, though. I've also questioned sometimes if this is tru... | 34 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/51/is-there-evidence-that-eating-too-much-sugar-can-increase-the-risk-of-diabetes | [
{
"answer_id": 60,
"body": "<p>High consumption of sugar can up the risk of diabetes, but it is not the only contributing factor. There have been studies that have shown that sugar-sweetened drinks (mainly soda) have increased the probability of type 2 diabetes.<a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2... | 51 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Is there evidence that eating too much sugar can increase the risk of diabetes? | [
"diabetes",
"sugar"
] | <p>I'm sure this question is asked a lot. I asked it of two different doctors myself recently, one of them a diabetes specialist. They both said that causing too much sugar did increase the risk. Neither offered any actual evidence. The specialist gave a rather strange reason, which now escapes me.</p>
<p>This idea ha... | 33 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/4/if-human-life-is-so-long-largely-due-to-modern-medicine-does-every-illness-shor | [
{
"answer_id": 10,
"body": "<p>Both. Human cells largely exhibit a phenomenon called <em>senescence</em> - they just give up and die after they reach a certain age via a biochemical mechanism called <em><a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26873/\">apoptosis</a></em>. The outer limit of survivabil... | 4 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | If human life is so long largely due to modern medicine, does every illness shorten lifespan? | [
"life-expectancy",
"disease",
"statistics"
] | <p>One of the most often-cited facts about human life, compared to those of other animals, is that the main reason we live so much longer is modern medicine. Because we can treat illnesses that would previously affect lifespan, we are far more likely to live greatly extended lifespans. However, this leads to two possib... | 32 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/365/how-can-i-prevent-a-cold-from-spreading-to-the-people-around-me | [
{
"answer_id": 366,
"body": "<p>There are lots of things you can do to be a responsible and considerate individual. Props for even asking this question!</p>\n\n<ol>\n<li><p>Cover your cough to prevent air-borne transmission with the inner part of your arm or your shoulder- whichever come into contact with o... | 365 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | How can I prevent a cold from spreading to the people around me? | [
"common-cold"
] | <p>I have to attend classes at the university, band rehearsals, I live with my family, so I come close with many people during the day. I have to meet most of these people on a daily basis, even when I have the (common) cold.</p>
<p>How can I prevent it from spreading to the people around me? </p>
| 31 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/5044/is-it-better-to-sleep-without-a-pillow | [
{
"answer_id": 7673,
"body": "<p>For most people, it is better to sleep <em>with</em> a pillow according to the latest research.</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>Sleeping without a pillow <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24248001\" rel=\"noreferrer\">increases interocular pressure</a> which is considered a risk... | 5,044 | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Is it better to sleep without a pillow? | [
"sleep",
"spine",
"position"
] | <p>I have read several web pages that mention the potential benefits of sleeping without a pillow.</p>
<p>Examples:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.newhealthadvisor.com/Sleeping-Without-a-Pillow.html" rel="noreferrer">http://www.newhealthadvisor.com/Sleeping-Without-a-Pillow.html</a></p>
<blockquote>
<p>Is Sleeping Without ... | 31 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/65/why-do-i-feel-shaky-after-only-a-small-amount-of-caffeine | [
{
"answer_id": 76,
"body": "<p>Caffeine metabolism has to do with your genetic makeup. The slower you metabolize caffeine, the more effect it will have on you. The cause for the differences that people have in how fast they metabolize caffeine has to depend on the CYP1A2 gene. Variants of this gene can caus... | 65 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Why do I feel shaky after only a small amount of caffeine? | [
"caffeine",
"drug-metabolism",
"energy",
"shake-tremble-fidget"
] | <p>I like coffee, but caffeine seems to 'wire' me much more extremely than most other people. I feel energized or even shaky after less than half a normal cup, and a whole 8 ounces will usually cause me to sweat or make my heart race uncomfortably. </p>
<p>Even decaffeinated coffee seems to have this effect, which see... | 29 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/120/why-do-doctors-prescribe-steroid-tablets-even-though-they-know-the-side-effects | [
{
"answer_id": 307,
"body": "<p>I think a missing bit of information that might help you get a better sense of this practice is: <strong>steroids are miracle drugs.</strong> </p>\n\n<p>OK, that was in jest - no miracles here. Truth be told, though, if there is a single class of drugs that has added more <a ... | 120 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Why do doctors prescribe steroid tablets even though they know the side effects? | [
"medications",
"steroids",
"side-effects"
] | <p>Sometimes doctors prescribe steroid tablets to suppress pain for diseases, such as <a href="http://www.arthritisresearchuk.org/arthritis-information/drugs/steroid-tablets.aspx">arthritis</a>. Why do they prescribe it even though they know the side effects? </p>
| 29 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/13713/what-are-known-health-effects-of-smoking-e-cigarettes | [
{
"answer_id": 13714,
"body": "<h2>We do not know</h2>\n\n<p>That's a bit unsatisfying as an answer, but it's the truth. Vaping is around for somewhat 13 years (<a href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/2009/apr/25/world/fg-china-cigarettes25\" rel=\"noreferrer\">invented in 2003</a>), but the international bre... | 13,713 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | What are known health effects of smoking e-cigarettes | [
"smoking",
"e-cigarette-vape"
] | <p>E-Cigarettes have been recommended by a fair share of physicians as a substitute for cigarettes because they are supposedly healthier.</p>
<p>What is the scientific consensus on the health effects of e-cigarettes?</p>
| 29 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/22937/would-the-human-seasonal-coronaviruses-be-just-as-deadly-as-covid-19-in-a-popula | [
{
"answer_id": 22938,
"body": "<p>The seasonal coronaviruses attach exclusively to cells with a ciliated epithelium.</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Coronaviruses invade the respiratory tract via the nose. After an incubation period of about 3 days, they cause the symptoms of a common cold, including nasal obstructio... | 22,937 | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Would the human seasonal coronaviruses be just as deadly as COVID-19 in a population with no prior immunity? | [
"covid-19",
"infection",
"common-cold",
"coronavirus",
"sars-cov-2"
] | <p>Presuming that we were able to find a person who was never exposed to any of the human seasonal coronaviruses (part of the viruses that cause the common cold), would the virus be just as deadly for that person as the SARS-CoV-2 currently circulating around the world? Or is SARS-CoV-2 uniquely dangerous?</p>
| 29 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/29276/why-do-doctors-ask-for-your-race | [
{
"answer_id": 29280,
"body": "<p>Race and ethnicity are risk factors in many diseases. Examples include, but are not limited to, cystic fibrosis and spinal muscular atrophy.</p>\n<p>There is also an epidemiological purpose of collecting this information. It is important to know if some disease is affecting... | 29,276 | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Why do doctors ask for your race? | [
"epidemiology",
"research",
"genetic-predisposition",
"race",
"ethnicity"
] | <p>Things like gender and age and height and weight make perfect sense to me, but I don't really see why most doctors ask for your race. Is there a medical reason behind this or is it just for identification purposes?</p>
| 28 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/1060/is-drinking-water-during-or-after-a-meal-better | [
{
"answer_id": 5259,
"body": "<blockquote>\n<p>Remember not to drink too soon before or after a meal as the water will dilute the digestive juices</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p>While that claim might <em>sound</em> reasonable at first, I doubt this has any effect you need to consider for your health. There's seve... | 1,060 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Is drinking water during or after a meal better? | [
"water",
"time-of-day",
"meal",
"drinks",
"diluting"
] | <p>Is it better to drink water during or after a meal?</p>
<p>Clearly, there are different opinions about this topic. </p>
<p>In this <a href="http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/digestion/faq-20058348">Mayo Clinic article</a>, it is mentioned that drinking water im... | 27 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/6/what-should-i-consider-when-deciding-to-remove-a-blister-or-not | [
{
"answer_id": 478,
"body": "<p>In the blister shown, the likelihood of rupture is decreased because of the thickness of the epidermis on the palm of the hand, so you can leave it alone until the underlying area re-epithelializes. You'll know this is happening because of the decreased pain and the slow reab... | 6 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | What should I consider when deciding to remove a blister or not? | [
"wound",
"removal"
] | <p>While playing indoor soccer a couple days ago, I was fouled and fell forwards so that my hand skidded across the court a bit. It left the blister as you see in the image here:</p>
<p><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/PDHo5m.jpg" alt="the blister"></p>
<p>What should I consider when deciding to remove this bliste... | 26 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/312/when-does-the-use-of-headphones-become-harmful | [
{
"answer_id": 490,
"body": "<p>Using headphones at a sufficiently high volume level may cause cause trauma to cochlear structure in the inner ear which gives rise to temporary or permanent hearing impairment or <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_loss\" rel=\"noreferrer\">deafness</a>.</p>\n\n<p... | 312 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | When does the use of headphones become harmful? | [
"hearing"
] | <p>Generally, it is known if you listen to music through headphones a lot of time, you damage your ears.</p>
<p>But how long should I use the headphones? And how loud can they be so as not to affect my hearing?</p>
| 26 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/500/does-hot-water-kill-germs-better-than-cold-water | [
{
"answer_id": 503,
"body": "<p><strong>Surprisingly, no</strong>. Hot water does kill bacteria, but what's comfortable for your hands is also pretty comfortable for bacteria. Most pathogens start to die off around 60°C to 70°C (140°F to 158°F)<sup><a href=\"http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapt... | 500 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Does hot water kill germs better than cold water? | [
"water"
] | <p>I was recently told that I should use hot water to wash my hands rather than using cold water because the hot water will kill germs better. The person who told me this isn't a very reliable source, so I'm not sure if I should believe them or not. It does seem like it makes sense, though.</p>
<p><strong>Does washing... | 26 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/682/are-alternative-sleep-pattern-viable | [
{
"answer_id": 3095,
"body": "<p>Steve Pavlina did an experiment on himself for testing the Polyphasic Sleep. On his blog there is a lot of information about the experiment.\n<a href=\"http://www.stevepavlina.com/blog/2005/10/polyphasic-sleep/\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.stevepavlina.com/blog/2005/10/poly... | 682 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Are alternative sleep pattern viable? | [
"sleep"
] | <p>I'm curious about possible health consequences of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyphasic_sleep">polyphasic sleep patterns</a>, which involves sleeping multiple times in a 24-hour period — usually more than two, in contrast to getting all sleep in one block (monophasic). I'm interested in cases of more than... | 26 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/747/what-should-i-do-if-someone-has-a-seizure-in-front-of-me | [
{
"answer_id": 751,
"body": "<p>The typical scenario of a seizure is:</p>\n\n<ol>\n<li>loss of consciousness</li>\n<li>uncontrolled movements</li>\n<li>recovery</li>\n</ol>\n\n<p>The conduct to adopt during each of these phases follows:</p>\n\n<h2>During 1. and 2.</h2>\n\n<p>The person will fall on the grou... | 747 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | What should I do if someone has a seizure in front of me? | [
"first-aid",
"neurology",
"seizure"
] | <p>What first-aid measures should be taken when someone is having a seizure?</p>
| 26 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/1401/should-we-rinse-with-water-after-brushing-our-teeth | [
{
"answer_id": 18234,
"body": "<p>The previous answer does not refer to clinical studies so I thought I would have a look.</p>\n\n<p>TLDR; the clinical studies I've seen suggest not to rinse with water after brushing.\n<hr>\nAccording to <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41894-018-0025-5\" rel=\"noreferrer... | 1,401 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Should we rinse with water after brushing our teeth? | [
"toothbrush",
"toothpaste",
"fluoride",
"gargling-gargle",
"rinsing-mouth"
] | <p>I've heard that rinsing with water after teeth brushing lowers or negates the benefits that fluoride provides to our teeth, but I've also heard everything in between; from there's no problem with it, to rinse with as little water as possible, to mix water with toothpaste and rinse with it.</p>
<p>Example from <a hr... | 26 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/13735/why-should-i-avoid-milk-when-on-antibiotics | [
{
"answer_id": 13739,
"body": "<p>Products high in calcium and magnesium should not be taken at the same time as antibiotics of the tetracycline (tetracycline, doxicycline, etc.) class, and milk should also be avoided with the quinolone class. They have the ability to bind the antibiotic in the gut, decreas... | 13,735 | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Why should I avoid milk when on antibiotics? | [
"medications",
"gastroenterology",
"antibiotics",
"milk",
"gut-microbiota-flora"
] | <p>I'm taking antibiotics (specifically, <a href="https://www.drugs.com/amoxicillin_clavulanate.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">amoxicillin clavulanate</a>) to fight off an ear infection. As she prescribed my antibiotics, my doctor told me not to eat milk products for a few days, then only eat yogurt until I was off th... | 26 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/410/do-zinc-lozenges-really-help-the-common-cold | [
{
"answer_id": 413,
"body": "<p>Overall, there has been inconsistent data on the effects of using zinc lozenges to treat the common cold. Most studies have also been done on children, which may lead to more uncertainty about its effects on adults, but some of the studies I will mention have been tested on a... | 410 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Do zinc lozenges really help the common cold? | [
"treatment",
"common-cold"
] | <p>For years I've been seeing advertisements for zinc supplements for the common cold, and I've heard recommendations from people who swear that they work, either wiping out a cold completely or shortening its duration. </p>
<p>The studies I have seen were for zinc gluconate specifically. Apparently, once they had a n... | 25 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/452/effect-of-the-common-cold-on-the-immune-system | [
{
"answer_id": 5048,
"body": "<p>I've written on this subject a few times, but the most <a href=\"https://health.stackexchange.com/questions/4456/in-a-viral-infection-which-symptoms-are-caused-by-the-virus-itself-and-which-s/4528#4528\">relevant question</a> ended up being closed, and the other is on <a hre... | 452 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Effect of the common cold on the immune system | [
"immune-system",
"common-cold",
"infection"
] | <p>I've heard that once a person catches a cold, his whole immune system becomes weak and is affected. In what way does having a cold influence the immune system?</p>
<p>If it does weaken it, how can one keep the immune system strong while the person is infected with a cold?</p>
| 25 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/875/how-often-should-i-use-mouthwash | [
{
"answer_id": 1845,
"body": "<p>I think the comment made by Carpetsmoker is important in this context.</p>\n\n<p>Some may find surprising (at least I did) that actually fluoride toothpaste is not clearly superior to fluoride containing mouth rinses according to a <a href=\"http://www.cochrane.org/CD002780/... | 875 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | How often should I use mouthwash? | [
"dentistry"
] | <p>I recently started using a mouthwash recently (<a href="https://health.stackexchange.com/questions/874/how-do-i-know-if-im-flossing-correctly">Yes, I recently started taking care of my teeth more</a>)</p>
<p>However, I've read that (I'll link when I find the article again) mouthwashing everyday doesn't really help ... | 25 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/15061/is-it-advisable-for-a-healthy-male-in-his-early-40s-to-take-the-influenza-vaccin | [
{
"answer_id": 15065,
"body": "<p>In general, the benefit of flu shots is to the general population. Taking the cited value of 40%-60% from the CDC, we can say that it might be a coin toss for you <em>personally</em> to be protected from influenza by the shot. However, if many thousands of people take the f... | 15,061 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Is it advisable for a healthy male in his early 40s to take the influenza vaccine? | [
"vaccination",
"influenza",
"mercury"
] | <p>Influenza vaccines do not have satisfactory effective rates of preventing flu. Flu vaccination reduces the risk of flu illness by between 40% and 60% among the overall population during seasons when most circulating flu viruses are well-matched to the flu vaccine, <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/qa/vaccineeff... | 25 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/46/are-artificial-sweeteners-safe | [
{
"answer_id": 77,
"body": "<h3>Introduction</h3>\n<p>There have been numerous studies on this topic, and there are a number of artificial sweeteners, so the following is a discussion of three of the most important, saccharin, cyclamate and aspartame, as well as three more which are currently approved for u... | 46 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Are artificial sweeteners safe? | [
"nutrition"
] | <p>There seems to be a lot of noise about health risks of consuming artificial sweeteners, especially aspartame and saccharin. Many sources argue that these chemicals carry huge risks of developing cancer and neurological problems.</p>
<p>Should I be concerned? Is moderate consumption (say, a few diet sodas a week) of... | 24 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/309/how-much-coffee-can-a-healthy-adult-drink | [
{
"answer_id": 311,
"body": "<p>There are many factors in determining how much coffee one can drink in a day. Caffeine metabolism<sup>1</sup> is a big one. People who metabolize caffeine slow, probably shouldn't have more than 100mg of caffeine (about a cup) a day. Fast metabolizers of caffeine can usually ... | 309 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | How much coffee can a healthy adult drink? | [
"nutrition"
] | <p>How much coffee can a healthy adult drink before it starts to affect them in a bad way?</p>
<p>For example, some friends of mine get headaches if they drink more than 2 cups in a single day.</p>
| 24 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/506/how-to-avoid-fatigue-if-i-foresee-irregular-sleeping-time | [
{
"answer_id": 562,
"body": "<p>Although the <a href=\"https://health.stackexchange.com/a/510/165\">other answer</a> provided some general tips about sleep hygiene and noted that melatonin might be helpful, your question actually touches on an aspect of circadian biology that has been very well worked out, ... | 506 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | How to avoid fatigue if I foresee irregular sleeping time? | [
"sleep"
] | <p>Let's say normally, I go to sleep at 00:00 and wake up at 08:00. I know that 3 days from now, I will have to work in another city for just that day and wake up at 05:00 to account for the travel time.</p>
<p>How should I plan my activities and rest, so that I will not feel sleepless the night before, or feel tired ... | 24 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/124/why-is-sitting-for-long-periods-unhealthy | [
{
"answer_id": 152,
"body": "<p>Your body uses motion in several ways to maintain function.\nOne of them is called muscle milking\nMuscle Milking is the process where blood is pushed back up to your heart by your muscles compressing on the veins. Since the veins have valves to ensure one-way direction, comp... | 124 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Why is sitting for long periods unhealthy? | [
"posture"
] | <p>Discovery called sitting "<a href="http://news.discovery.com/human/is-sitting-the-new-smoking-120301.htm">the new smoking</a>", and while this is somewhat hyperbolic, there seems to be hard data that indicates sitting (e.g., at a desk) for long periods of time is unhealthy (<a href="http://www.aafp.org/news/health-o... | 23 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/18672/father-gets-chickenpox-but-doesnt-infect-his-two-children-how-is-this-possibl | [
{
"answer_id": 18673,
"body": "<p>If there was close contact, if the 90% rate is accurate, and if occurrence is independent in related individuals, then you would expect 0.10 * 0.10 = 1% of contacts with 2 potentially vulnerable people to result in neither person infected.</p>\n\n<p>1% sounds rare, but <em>... | 18,672 | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Father gets chickenpox, but doesn't infect his two children. How is this possible? | [
"infection",
"vaccination",
"virus",
"infectious-diseases",
"chickenpox"
] | <p>My brother in law got chickenpox, yet somehow he didn't infect my two nephews, even though they are living together. According to wikipedia, varicella has an infection rate of 90%:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Varicella is highly communicable, with an infection rate of 90% in close contacts.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><a href=... | 23 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/29345/why-arent-leg-amputations-done-at-the-knee-joint | [
{
"answer_id": 29347,
"body": "<p>If you think about prosthetic devices, the answer will soon become clear. You would not wish to have your thigh bone extended by an extra six or eight inches (about the minimum distance that one could practically strap it to) and have the new joint that much lower than the... | 29,345 | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Why aren't leg amputations done at the knee joint? | [
"surgery",
"bones",
"knee",
"amputation"
] | <p>I've noticed that leg amputations aren't usually done right at the knee joint. Instead, the amputation is done further up the leg -- up on the thigh bone.</p>
<p>Why cut midway up a good bone like the thigh bone instead of amputating at the knee?</p>
<p><em>In other words, why don't we see more amputations that have... | 23 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/30853/why-is-the-rate-of-circulating-vaccine-derived-poliovirus-disease-booming | [
{
"answer_id": 30854,
"body": "<p>The short version is that in 2016 the polio vaccine changed.</p>\n<p>A more thorough explanation requires some background on the immunology of polio and its vaccines, which is not straightforward. Polio virus is usually harmless, it reproduces in the gut and spreads through... | 30,853 | Why is the rate of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus disease booming? | [
"vaccination",
"infectious-diseases"
] | <p>The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio_vaccine" rel="noreferrer">wikipedia entry on polio vaccines</a> has the 1st graph below, showing that the rate of vaccine derived polio has increased massively over the last few years, with the rate of 1089 cases in 2020 compared to 56 - 71 per year from 2010 to 2014.... | 23 | |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/55/is-there-any-evidence-for-health-benefits-from-cannabis | [
{
"answer_id": 229,
"body": "<h3>Marijuana as medicine</h3>\n<p>Its usage in modern times is controversial, however studies of chemicals in the plant (<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabinoid\" rel=\"noreferrer\">cannabinoids</a> such as <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabino... | 55 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Is there any evidence for health benefits from cannabis? | [
"medications",
"recreational-drugs"
] | <p>From the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_cannabis">Wikipedia article</a> on medical cannabis:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>The Cannabis plant has a history of medicinal use dating back
thousands of years across many cultures. Its usage in modern times
is controversial, and in recent years the American Me... | 22 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/56/how-cautious-do-i-need-to-be-with-unvaccinated-students-around-newborns | [
{
"answer_id": 63,
"body": "<p>There seems to be a link (as one would expect) between areas with a higher concentration of unvaccinated individuals and disease outbreaks (see <a href=\"http://www.theverge.com/2014/1/21/5329478/vaccine-preventable-disease-outbreaks-show-anti-vaccine-movement-influence\">this... | 56 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | How cautious do I need to be with unvaccinated students around newborns? | [
"vaccination",
"infant"
] | <p>I teach martial arts, and my wife teaches dance. I know of one student for sure (And I would presume that there are at least a few others) that have not received the normal United States progression of childhood inoculations.</p>
<p>I also have a <6 month old newborn that occasionally gets taken to the classes w... | 22 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/406/is-rapid-weight-loss-unhealthy | [
{
"answer_id": 409,
"body": "<p>The quoted \"1-2\" pounds per week (or approximately 0.5 - 1 kilo) is based on the traditional 3500 calories burned = 1 pound of fat. Now, while the exact figure of 3500 calories is somewhat open to debate, that is the rationale. 500 calories a day = 1 pound of loss per week.... | 406 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Is rapid weight loss unhealthy? | [
"nutrition",
"diet",
"weight"
] | <p>A commonly quoted figure is that 1-2 pounds (0.5-1 kg) a week is a healthy rate at which to lose weight, and that 'crash diets' are bad for you. What is this figure based on, and in what way is losing weight faster than this unhealthy?</p>
| 22 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/815/can-being-cold-or-wet-be-a-significant-influence-in-getting-the-common-cold | [
{
"answer_id": 830,
"body": "<p>This is a pretty old old-wives tale, taking many forms: don't go out into the cold while it's raining, or without a hat, with wet hair, without a warm coat or scarf, without boots, etc., \"or you'll catch your death of cold.\"</p>\n\n<p>The old wive's tale was immortalized by... | 815 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Can being cold or wet be a significant influence in getting the common cold? | [
"immune-system",
"infection",
"common-cold"
] | <p>As most people know, it's a common thing to say something like "better wear a sweater, otherwise I'll get the cold tomorrow."</p>
<p>In my limited understanding, the common cold is caused by a virus. How does being cold affect this?</p>
<p>Can being cold and/or wet be a significant influence in your chances of 'ca... | 22 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/874/how-do-i-know-if-im-flossing-correctly | [
{
"answer_id": 3576,
"body": "<p>Dental flossing, essentially is done to <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22161438\">maintain periodontal health</a>, in hard to reach areas. Areas which are not used to any \"friction\" so, they will react in a rather singular manner in comparison to our exposed ... | 874 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | How do I know if I'm flossing correctly? | [
"dentistry"
] | <p>I recently started flossing regularly. </p>
<p>However, I'm not sure if I'm doing it right because sometimes my gums bleed. If I floss the right way, should it never bleed?</p>
<p>Aside from bleeding, how can I know if flossing makes a positive effect? What should I notice in 2 weeks time? How about 4 weeks? 3 mon... | 22 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/1377/is-low-blue-light-helpful-for-preserving-eyesight | [
{
"answer_id": 1431,
"body": "<p>There are two mechanisms of action how light affect humans discussed here:</p>\n\n<ol>\n<li>Amount of energy: shorter (blue) wavelengths are more energetic than lower (red), so it can be assumed that they damage photoreceptors more.</li>\n<li>Psychological: bluish light is a... | 1,377 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Is Low Blue Light helpful for preserving eyesight? | [
"eye",
"computers",
"vision",
"benefits",
"technology"
] | <p>I'm a coder and interested in save my eyesight. I've met the term named low blue light. Monitors decrease the level of blue color and theoretically protect my eyes. Here's a quote from monitor manufacturer <a href="http://www.benq.com/microsite/eye-care-monitors/lbl.html">Benq site</a></p>
<blockquote>
<p>BenQ ta... | 22 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/29252/how-many-people-end-up-needing-medical-attention-during-the-15-minute-window-aft | [
{
"answer_id": 29256,
"body": "<p>The most noteworthy complication, and most heard about in the news, is anaphylaxis.</p>\n<p>This article breaks down cases of anaphylaxis nicely: <a href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2776557\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">Reports of Anaphylaxis After R... | 29,252 | CC BY-SA 4.0 | How many people end up needing medical attention during the 15 minute window after receiving the Pfizer vaccine? | [
"vaccination",
"covid"
] | <p>Everyone receiving the COVID vaccines is asked to wait for 15 minutes in case they have a bad reaction to the shot. Given that we've now had hundreds of millions of Pfizer vaccine shots injected around the world, is there any data showing how many of those people end up needing medical attention during those 15 minu... | 22 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/283/how-do-you-read-a-us-nutrition-label | [
{
"answer_id": 288,
"body": "<p>You're going to want to read the label from top to bottom.</p>\n<h3>Serving Size and Calories</h3>\n<p>The first thing you will see at the top tells you the serving size and the amount of calories. It will say "Serving Size {x} " where x is the amount of whatever me... | 283 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | How do you read a US nutrition label? | [
"nutrition",
"labeling"
] | <p>I want to clean up my diet, and be more aware of what I'm eating and how much, but I'm not sure how to read a nutrition label. </p>
<p>I see the breakdowns of various vitamins, the calories and the breakdown of various elements (fats, protein, etc), but I want to be able to relate that to my daily needs. When I loo... | 21 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/1099/is-it-better-to-eat-fruit-as-they-are-than-to-have-them-in-liquid-form | [
{
"answer_id": 1142,
"body": "<p>The simpler story is that it is better to eat whole fruit. </p>\n\n<p>The problem with eating smoothies or even drinking fruit juice is that you are increasing the fruit's glycaemic index. For example, an orange has a glycaemic index of 40, while orange juice has a glycaemic... | 1,099 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Is it better to eat fruit as they are, than to have them in liquid form? | [
"nutrition",
"fruits"
] | <p>For example, I have 4 oranges. I can either eat them whole (assume I consume every last bit of the flesh) or blend them into a juice and drink it (assume I consume every last bit of it). Which is better?</p>
<p>One thing I've heard is that you get less fibre if you have fruit in liquid form.</p>
| 21 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/1415/can-long-term-sleeping-at-day-damage-your-health | [
{
"answer_id": 1479,
"body": "<p>Well regular sleeping during the day might damage health. Try avoiding it if possible as research has been conducted which suggests that there is a linkage between irregular sleep and hormone production.</p>\n\n<p>Evidence also suggests that lack of sleep won't do you as muc... | 1,415 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Can long term sleeping at day damage your health? | [
"sleep",
"endocrinology"
] | <p>I've passed half or more of my life, sleeping in very late and often after the sun rises. Now I believe that I'm already feeling its effect. Some of my hormones are under the ideal levels and I have a deficiency in vitamin D.</p>
<p>What are the effects of sleeping during the day and not at night for work reasons o... | 21 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/3043/is-smokers-lungs-a-lie | [
{
"answer_id": 3154,
"body": "<blockquote>\n <p>So my question is: Are smokers' lungs visibly and routinely blackened and/or discolored in the absence of lung disease?</p>\n</blockquote>\n\n<p>That last phrase is tricky, because smokers who have heavy pigmentation are likely to have lung disease.</p>\n\n<p... | 3,043 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Is "smokers lungs" a lie? | [
"smoking",
"lungs",
"disease"
] | <p>We've probably all seen photos of smokers' lungs compared to non-smokers lungs. For example:</p>
<p><a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/M3HtZ.jpg" rel="noreferrer"><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/M3HtZ.jpg" alt="enter image description here"></a></p>
<p>These images are commonly used in anti-smoking materials, ... | 21 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/3585/is-eating-a-meal-with-2000-calories-at-once-any-different-from-eating-4-times-at | [
{
"answer_id": 4010,
"body": "<p>There have been quite a few studies on the influence of meal frequency, but usually they focus on weight loss.</p>\n\n<p>I could find one pilot study comparing people receiving either one or three meals a day, for a total of 8 weeks, while receiving the same amount of calori... | 3,585 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Is eating a meal with 2000 Calories at once any different from eating 4 times at 500 Calories? | [
"nutrition",
"calories"
] | <p>I wonder if there any difference in how many times I eat per day?</p>
<p>Let's say I eat one big meal in the morning at 2000 kcal (at 9am). Is that any different than having 4 meals at 500 kcal throughout the day (at 9am, 1pm, 5pm, 9pm)?</p>
<p>I think I will be hungry by the end of the day if I eat just once in t... | 21 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/22796/what-is-the-main-way-covid-19-spreads | [
{
"answer_id": 22799,
"body": "<p>The confusion exists because there are conflicting pronouncements from various authoritative sources but also conflicting pronouncements from the same authority.</p>\n\n<p>Covid-19 is a respiratory infection spread by droplets that can be aerosolized (nuclear droplets) in c... | 22,796 | CC BY-SA 4.0 | What is the main way COVID-19 spreads? | [
"covid-19",
"infection",
"virus",
"epidemiology",
"coronavirus"
] | <p>Reading numerous news articles about COVID-19, I got confused as to what is its main transmission route. In particular, I am confused as to whether it is</p>
<ul>
<li>direct landing of respiratory droplets in mouths and noses,</li>
<li>contaminated surfaces,</li>
<li>aerosols (i.e., suspensions of the virus in the a... | 21 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/88/how-should-ovo-lacto-vegetarians-compensate-the-lack-of-meat-in-their-diets | [
{
"answer_id": 94,
"body": "<p>There are a few considerations when looking at a healthy lacto-ovo vegetarian diet.</p>\n\n<p><strong>Complete Proteins</strong></p>\n\n<p>This is fairly easy in this type of diet, as eggs contain complete proteins. There are also a few plant sources (such as quinoa, buckwheat... | 88 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | How should ovo-lacto vegetarians compensate the lack of meat in their diets? | [
"nutrition",
"diet",
"vegetarianism"
] | <p>An ovo-lacto vegetarian includes both eggs and dairy products in his diet, but meat is completely excluded. In a regular non-vegetarian diet, meat is very important and provides many benefits if properly consumed.</p>
<p>I've heard of many problems that can be induced by vegetarianism, because the body stops receiv... | 20 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/489/is-there-any-proof-that-acupuncture-is-an-effective-pain-remedy | [
{
"answer_id": 526,
"body": "<p><strong>tl;dr</strong></p>\n\n<p>Current research seems to indicate that the brain is responding to anticipation or visual stimulus of needles being inserted, not that any of the theories supporting acupuncture are correct.</p>\n\n<hr>\n\n<p>Steven Novella <a href=\"http://th... | 489 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Is there any proof that acupuncture is an effective pain remedy? | [
"pain",
"treatment-options",
"effectiveness",
"placebo",
"acupuncture"
] | <p>I have heard of acupuncture being used for pain management. Are there clear scientific proofs that indicate it is more effective than a placebo treatment for pain? If so what types of pain has it been shown to effective for? </p>
| 20 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/502/is-hiv-the-cause-of-aids | [
{
"answer_id": 504,
"body": "<p>With respect to your peer-reviewed journal article, <em>Frontiers</em> isn't a particularly well-regarded journal series.</p>\n\n<p>AIDS denialism is alive and well, but there's a massive body of evidence pointing to HIV infection as the cause of AIDS. Just as a starting poin... | 502 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Is HIV the cause of AIDS? | [
"virus",
"pathophysiology"
] | <p>That HIV causes AIDS always seemed like an obvious fact to me, this seemed to be the widely accepted opinion. But just now I found the article <a href="http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpubh.2014.00154/full">"Questioning the HIV-AIDS hypothesis: 30 years of dissent"</a> in a peer-reviewed journal.</p>
... | 20 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/920/do-we-produce-vitamin-d-in-the-shade | [
{
"answer_id": 4284,
"body": "<p>The exact value depends on a lot of things - skin tone, the time of day, latitude, how deep the shade is,... </p>\n\n<p>The study <a href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960076005002220\">Vitamin D effective ultraviolet wavelengths due to scattering in ... | 920 | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Do we produce Vitamin D in the shade? | [
"dermatology",
"micronutrients",
"vitamin-d",
"uv-rays"
] | <p>Do our bodies produce Vitamin D in the shade?</p>
<p>If so, what is the percentage decrease in the amount of Vitamin D produced compared to full exposure to sunlight?</p>
<p>For example, sitting outside in the sun will result in the production of x units of Vitamin D. If the same person then sits under an umbrell... | 20 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/929/are-there-any-proven-benefits-of-electric-toothbrushes-over-manual-toothbrushing | [
{
"answer_id": 969,
"body": "<p>There is some very good evidence that replacing a manual toothbrush with an electric toothbrush can help in reducing plaque and the risk of gingivitis. </p>\n\n<p>The Cochrane Oral Health Group published a review<sup><a href=\"http://www.cochrane.org/CD002281/ORAL_poweredelec... | 929 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Are there any proven benefits of electric toothbrushes over manual toothbrushing? | [
"benefits",
"brushing-teeth",
"toothbrush",
"gingivitis",
"brands"
] | <p>Advertising has extolled the benefits of electric-powered toothbrushes for decades now, and dentists seem to prefer certain brands over others, some even selling them in their offices. In almost every home I know of (including mine), someone uses an electric toothbrush.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.dentistryiq.com/ar... | 20 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/4389/what-are-the-long-term-side-effects-of-melatonin | [
{
"answer_id": 5558,
"body": "<p>In long term studies, the effects have been mixed but mild. </p>\n\n<p>In hemodialysis patients, after about six months - melatonin no longer seemed to have physiologic <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23432361\" rel=\"noreferrer\">effects</a> but could still be... | 4,389 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | What are the long-term side effects of melatonin? | [
"sleep",
"side-effects",
"endocrinology",
"lasting-effects-duration",
"melatonin"
] | <p>What are the long-term side effects of taking melatonin as an oral supplement?</p>
<p>The couple of articles I have read are inconclusive:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/11/what-is-melatonin-sleep_n_6795220.html">http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/11/what-is-melatonin-sleep_n_6795220.html... | 20 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/14306/what-to-do-if-someone-breaks-a-bone | [
{
"answer_id": 14311,
"body": "<h2>You as an untrained bystander can do little to nothing.</h2>\n\n<p>Professionally trained paramedics could (as an example) pull the leg and thus remove tension between two bone membranes (<em><a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2826636/\" rel=\"noreferre... | 14,306 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | What to do if someone breaks a bone? | [
"first-aid",
"emergency",
"bone-fractures"
] | <p>I was wondering today about what someone should do immediately after either they or someone else had a fractured / broken bone.</p>
<p>What first aid / steps should be taken after this happens?</p>
<p>Is this something you'd call 911 for immediately and need an ambulance for? </p>
<p>Or could you get someone with... | 20 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/14355/why-do-drugs-expire | [
{
"answer_id": 14356,
"body": "<p>Drug molecules, even when stored safely inside a tablet\\capsule, inside a closed container, upon a high shelf (hopefully), are still exposed to the environment, and are thus exposed to all of the chemical processes and reactions that go about all around us (to name just a ... | 14,355 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Why do drugs expire? | [
"expiration-dates"
] | <p>I've googled through internet, and all I found was "what expiration dates mean". I found nothing about the underlying mechanism of expiration. </p>
<p>As drugs are chemicals, why do they expire? Are there chemical reactions that produce other chemicals?</p>
| 20 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/26258/is-sm-102-a-safe-ingredient-in-the-moderna-vaccine-despite-these-safety-warning | [
{
"answer_id": 26259,
"body": "<p>The MSDS linked to is for a product sold as a solution of 10% SM-102 in 90% chloroform. It's listed as "SM-102" because that's the interesting/useful thing that the company is selling. It's common for chemicals to be sold packaged with solvents to make a solution.... | 26,258 | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Is SM-102 a safe ingredient in the Moderna vaccine, despite these safety warnings? | [
"covid-19",
"vaccination",
"safety",
"lipids"
] | <p>I recently saw a post online which called into question the safety of the Moderna vaccine through an interesting argument. One of the ingredients in the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine is the ionizable amino lipid SM-102. <a href="https://www.hackensackmeridianhealth.org/HealthU/2021/01/11/a-simple-breakdown-of-the-ingredi... | 20 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/11/are-calcium-supplements-harmful-even-if-you-stay-short-of-the-maximum-dose | [
{
"answer_id": 424,
"body": "<p><strong>Background</strong><br>\nIn the past 10-15 years, thinking on calcium supplementation has shifted significantly. In 2001, a <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11176917/\">National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Development Panel on Osteoporosis</a> mad... | 11 | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Are calcium supplements harmful, even if you stay short of the maximum dose? | [
"nutrition",
"micronutrients",
"cardiovascular-disease",
"musculoskeletal-system",
"calcium"
] | <blockquote>
<p><a href="http://blogs.webmd.com/womens-health/2014/10/do-you-really-need-calcium-supplements.html" rel="noreferrer">Source:</a> <em>Do You Really Need Calcium Supplements?</em>, Margaret Polaneczky MD, 2014 Oct 2</p>
<p>You may also have heard that taking calcium supplements can lead to heart disease. I... | 19 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/346/can-you-sleep-less-permanently-but-stay-at-least-as-healthy | [
{
"answer_id": 358,
"body": "<h2>Modern Science</h2>\n<p>According to the <a href=\"http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sdd/why\" rel=\"noreferrer\">National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute</a>, sleep is certainly needed, that too quality sleep for certain hours. 4-5 hours seems less to me.... | 346 | Can you sleep less permanently, but stay at least as healthy? | [
"sleep"
] | <p>Can you train yourself to sleep fewer number of hours forever, nightly, while remaining at least as fit and healthful (without harming or impairing yourself in any way) ?</p>
<p>This question was inspired by <a href="http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2007/07/sachs200707">this article</a> on Columbia Professor Jeffrey... | 19 | |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/466/does-intake-of-processed-sugar-lower-the-immune-system | [
{
"answer_id": 471,
"body": "<p>There is some evidence that sugar does suppress the immune system. The <a href=\"http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/26/11/1180.abstract\">study that everyone seems to point to</a> was conducted in 1973, where they fed sugar in 100g doses to people and measured the effect on ph... | 466 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Does intake of processed sugar lower the immune system? | [
"nutrition",
"diet",
"immune-system"
] | <p>Growing up, my parents were very strict about sugar intake, because they had heard "somewhere" that eating refined sugar lowered your immune system function for 12-24 hours.</p>
<p>At the time, this seemed to be <strong>anecdotally</strong> true to me, because as a kid if I did actually eat something with a lot of ... | 19 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/556/in-what-ways-do-studies-indicate-that-smoking-marijuana-is-detrimental-to-long-t | [
{
"answer_id": 557,
"body": "<p>This seems like a difficult question as there <a href=\"http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/34110/title/Is-Cannabis-Really-That-Bad-/\">continues</a> to be a <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22927402\">large</a> <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.... | 556 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | In what ways do studies indicate that smoking marijuana is detrimental to long-term health, if any? | [
"smoking",
"marijuana",
"recreational-drugs"
] | <p>I've heard a lot of conflicting information about the long-term effects. Could someone please clarify at least the proven risks?</p>
<p>Note: I've decided to answer my own question, but I'd prefer to hear from others too. Following the guidelines of this site, any academic studies related to this question are welco... | 19 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/1258/do-you-bleed-to-death-after-your-penis-is-cut-off | [
{
"answer_id": 1281,
"body": "<p>Assuming the person is not taking anticoagulants, it's actually quite difficult to bleed to death from dismemberment of small members (hands, feet, penis, ears, nose, etc). Even large members such as arms and legs are often survivable because the body is very good at protect... | 1,258 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Do you bleed to death after your penis is cut off? | [
"removal",
"urinary-system",
"penis",
"death"
] | <p>I wonder If a person without knowledge and tools cuts off somebody's penis and then doesn't call an ambulance immediately, is there a chance a person may not bleed to death within a short time?</p>
<p>I would also like to know if you can still urinate, while the cutting is done without some tool you put into urethr... | 19 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/1452/what-effect-does-long-term-caffeine-use-have-on-memory | [
{
"answer_id": 3900,
"body": "<p>There are actually quite a lot of studies pointing in all directions when it comes to memory and caffeine use. I wouldn't call it a closed case by any standard, although many sites hawk caffeine as a great improver of memory, especially long-term memory.</p>\n<p><strong>Some... | 1,452 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | What effect does long-term caffeine use have on memory? | [
"caffeine",
"drug-metabolism",
"memory"
] | <p>I've seen plenty of references to the same study of how caffeine benefits memory after one day of use <a href="http://hub.jhu.edu/2014/01/12/caffeine-enhances-memory">(1)</a> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20182035">(2)</a> <a href="http://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/caffeine-healthy-diet-may-boost-memo... | 19 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/1652/are-computers-bad-for-health | [
{
"answer_id": 3814,
"body": "<p>Like all things too much of anything is bad for you. As a designer working in the tech industry for over a decade, here's a few things I experienced and that might (I hope not) impact you. </p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>wrists from over use of keyboard and mouse</li>\n<li>circulation pro... | 1,652 | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Are computers bad for health? | [
"sleep",
"eye",
"computers",
"lifestyle"
] | <p>I am a CS student, so my career requires sitting for long periods of time (8~9) hours infront of a laptop daily. I've been hearing for quite a long time that computers are harmful for health. I'm really concerned with my health but I'm comfortable with this lifestyle.</p>
<p>Is there any proof that computers are ha... | 19 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/10771/medical-professionals-referring-to-left-and-right-are-they-referring-to-my | [
{
"answer_id": 10772,
"body": "<p>In medical documentation, being an X-ray, MRI, description of physical examination or other, the sides \"right\" and \"left\" should be always used as they appear in your body. So, the \"left neural foramen\" is on your left-hand side.</p>\n\n<p>Below is an X-ray image of t... | 10,771 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Medical professionals referring to 'left' and 'right': are they referring to my relative directions or theirs? | [
"practice-of-medicine",
"position"
] | <p>Given that they're facing me and I'm facing them.</p>
<p>Excerpt from radiologist report:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>... there is narrowing of the <strong>left</strong> neural foramen in comparison to the <strong>right</strong> ...</p>
</blockquote>
<p>but whose?</p>
<p>Additionally:</p>
<ul>
<li>Is there an interna... | 19 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/21337/how-accurate-are-coronavirus-tests | [
{
"answer_id": 21379,
"body": "<p>Short answer: Sophie Trudeau's positive test <em>may</em> still mean 3 : 1 odds of <em>not</em> having contracted Covid-19, but the odds could also be far more towards having Covid-19.<br>\nJustin Trudeau's negative test almost certainly means he was negative when tested. O... | 21,337 | CC BY-SA 4.0 | How accurate are coronavirus tests? | [
"covid-19"
] | <p>As of time of writing it's quite common to see headlines about so-and-so who have tested positive for Covid-19, e.g. <a href="https://www.foxnews.com/world/canadian-pm-justin-trudeaus-wife-sophie-tests-positive-for-coronavirus-officials-say" rel="noreferrer">Canadian PM Justin Trudeau's wife, Sophie, tests positive ... | 19 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/15/will-eye-floaters-ever-disappear | [
{
"answer_id": 240,
"body": "<p>In general any cellular material within the vitreous may cause eye floaters, for example red blood cells as a result of hemorrhage and white blood cells as a result of infection or inflammation. So cause of it should be always determine by a doctor (ophthalmologist). Abnormal... | 15 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Will eye floaters ever disappear? | [
"eye",
"ophthalmology",
"aging"
] | <p>According to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floater#Diagnosis">wikipedia</a> on eye floaters:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Floaters are often caused by the normal aging process and will usually disappear as the brain learns to ignore them.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Even if this might be the case for very small floaters... | 18 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/224/why-am-i-advised-not-to-eat-immediately-before-exercise | [
{
"answer_id": 249,
"body": "<p>You have two main nervous systems when it comes to energy usage / conservation.</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><p><strong>Sympathetic</strong></p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>Increased Heart Rate </li>\n<li>Dilation of bronchioles [increased intake /\nexhalation of air] </li>\n<li>Dilation of Pupils </li... | 224 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Why am I advised not to eat immediately before exercise? | [
"nutrition",
"exercise"
] | <p>It is <a href="http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/Goodfood/Pages/Sport.aspx">commonly said</a> that, after eating, you should wait 2-3 hours before exercising. It isn't recommended to eat and right afterwards to exercise (or swim).</p>
<p>But I haven't really understood why that is. Does this bad behavior affect me immedia... | 18 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/461/does-sugar-cause-children-to-become-hyperactive | [
{
"answer_id": 465,
"body": "<p>This is a hot topic, and I don’t think there is a firm consensus in the child psychiatry world about the answer. I think a good summary of the literature would leave you with: </p>\n\n<blockquote>\n <p>X, Y, and Z studies showed an association; Χ, Ψ, and Ω studies showed no ... | 461 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Does sugar cause children to become hyperactive? | [
"sugar",
"pediatrics",
"hyperactivity-hyperactive"
] | <p>When I was younger, I was told not to have too much sugar (candy, soda, ice cream - anything sweet really) because I would get too hyper and I wouldn't be able to sleep at night. I never really felt very affected by sugar, but I have seen people that I do think get affected by sugar.</p>
<p><strong>Does sugar cause... | 18 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/474/how-can-i-boost-my-immune-system | [
{
"answer_id": 525,
"body": "<p>As far as I am aware, the immune system does not have a \"boosted\" state. There is a medical doctor, Mark Crislip, who wrote a post about this on <a href=\"https://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/boost-your-immune-system/\">Science-based medicine</a>, and I'll cite here the mos... | 474 | How can I boost my immune system? | [
"nutrition",
"immune-system"
] | <p>There are a lot of products, foods, and activities that claim they "boost" the immune system.</p>
<p>I've heard good things about yogurt, probiotics, superfoods, herbs, oils, supplements, acupuncture, yoga... </p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.everydayhealth.com/pictures/boost-your-immune-system-cold-flu-season/">7... | 18 | |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/520/does-blood-donation-reduce-the-risk-of-cardiovascular-disease | [
{
"answer_id": 741,
"body": "<p>In premenopausal women, the risk of developing atherosclerosis is <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10364080\">half that of men</a>. In 1991, Sullivan proposed the iron hypothesis which attributed this decreased risk to premenopausal women's lower blood iron leve... | 520 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Does blood donation reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease? | [
"cardiovascular-disease",
"blood-donation",
"medical-myths",
"hematology"
] | <p>While answering <a href="https://health.stackexchange.com/q/516/165">this question</a> about the possible detrimental effects of iron deficiency caused by frequent blood donation, I was reminded of a theory I heard long ago about a possible <em>benefit</em> of mild iron deficiency for reducing cardiovascular disease... | 18 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/1159/what-is-the-likelihood-of-contracting-genital-hsv1-through-oral-sex | [
{
"answer_id": 4056,
"body": "<p>It seems to me that you are looking for solid risk numbers, which I am afraid might not be available. This is just a summary of the basic facts that play into this likelihood. </p>\n\n<blockquote>\n <p>For example, what is the likelihood when the partner is asymptomatic vs ... | 1,159 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | What is the likelihood of contracting genital HSV1 through oral sex? | [
"disease-transmission",
"herpes",
"sti"
] | <p>I know genital HSV1 can be contracted from unprotected oral sex, but what is the actual likelihood? For example, what is the likelihood when the partner is asymptomatic vs symptomatic, and what is the likelihood if the person contracting it has already been exposed to oral HSV1 as a child? If genital HSV1 is contra... | 18 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/23505/why-will-there-be-vaccines-first-before-a-cure-for-covid-19 | [
{
"answer_id": 23508,
"body": "<p>Your question contains a lot of misconceptions.</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>A cure is definitely possible</li>\n<li>A cure could be found, proved, and proved safe, more quickly than a vaccine</li>\n<li>People and firms that could be working on cures are choosing to work on vaccines</l... | 23,505 | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Why will there be vaccines first before a cure for COVID-19? | [
"covid-19",
"vaccination",
"coronavirus"
] | <p>I found this link on the internet:</p>
<p><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-13/who-says-70-vaccines-in-the-works-with-three-leading-candidates" rel="noreferrer">70 vaccines are getting ready for coronavirus: 3 very promising</a></p>
<p>Why is it that there will be vaccines before a cure? Sho... | 18 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/45/is-exceeding-the-us-rda-for-vitamin-c-dangerous | [
{
"answer_id": 82,
"body": "<p>Overloading on vitamin C won't cause death. At around 1000 mg, you will probably have nausea, diarrhea, and stomach aches. 2000 mg is the daily limit, and if you get that high, you will experience more severe side-affects such as severe headaches, vomiting, heartburn, insomnia... | 45 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Is exceeding the US RDA for vitamin C dangerous? | [
"nutrition",
"micronutrients"
] | <p>When I travel I take vitamin C supplements. The product I use has 1000 mg of vitamin C. When traveling I take multiple doses every day. This way exceeds the US RDA of 90 mg for adult males. Is it bad to take too much vitamin C?</p>
| 17 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/99/why-does-my-antibiotic-make-my-urine-yellow | [
{
"answer_id": 145,
"body": "<p>The color, odor and consistency of urine can be differ and can reveal what you've been eating, how much drinking and what diseases you have, so change of the color is usually something completely normal. All substances circulating in your body (including bacteria, yeast, exce... | 99 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Why does my antibiotic make my urine yellow? | [
"side-effects",
"coloration-discoloration",
"antibiotics",
"urine",
"urinary-system"
] | <p>When I was given antibiotics for fever by my doctor, I noticed that my urine is unusually yellow. Why is that?</p>
| 17 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/241/which-are-the-effects-of-removing-sugars-from-a-balanced-diet-for-an-otherwise-h | [
{
"answer_id": 267,
"body": "<p>Firstly, removing all <strong>added</strong> sugars from you diet certainly will improve your general health in the long term due to the decreased risk of diabetes: your blood glucose level will be more stable with less variability and your diet will include less \"empty calo... | 241 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Which are the effects of removing sugars from a balanced diet for an otherwise healthy person | [
"nutrition",
"diet",
"sugar"
] | <p>What effects would removing sugars from a balanced diet have on an otherwise healthy person have? I've heard that both refined and natural sugars can have a negative impact in the body. Is it safe to stop consuming sugars all together?</p>
| 17 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/281/whats-the-rush-in-the-case-of-sudden-hearing-loss | [
{
"answer_id": 284,
"body": "<p>The reason why you should see a doctor right away is because some causes of sudden hearing loss need to be treated right away. Common causes of sudden hearing loss are <a href=\"http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hearing/pages/sudden.aspx\">[1]</a></p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>infectious di... | 281 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | What's the rush in the case of sudden hearing loss? | [
"emergency",
"hearing"
] | <p>I've heard from both an ENT (ear, nose, and throat doctor) and an audiologist (hearing specialist) that in the case of sudden hearing loss, time is of the essence, and the patient should be seen as soon as possible. The audiologist I was speaking with related that her audiology teacher experienced sudden hearing los... | 17 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/436/side-effects-of-genetically-modified-food-products | [
{
"answer_id": 453,
"body": "<p><a href=\"http://www.who.int/foodsafety/areas_work/food-technology/faq-genetically-modified-food/en/\">The WHO considers the genetically modified food currently on the market to be safe</a></p>\n\n<blockquote>\n <p><strong>8. Are GM foods safe?</strong></p>\n \n <p>Differe... | 436 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Side effects of genetically modified food products | [
"nutrition",
"resistance",
"artificial",
"genetic-engineering",
"gmo"
] | <p>We are genetically modifying crops to change the way they look, to produce more out of less, or to make them resistant to certain diseases; they are subsequently being consumed by humans and animals.</p>
<p>What, if any, are the side effects or harmful effects on the human body caused by consuming these products? D... | 17 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/484/does-frequent-showering-change-the-amount-of-oils-our-skin-produces | [
{
"answer_id": 540,
"body": "<h1>Shampooing</h1>\n<p>The first synthetic shampoos were introduced in the 1930's and by '70s and '80s, daily shampooing became norm in the US. So shampooing in the modern sense (water to produce a soapy lather) is only about 100 years old.</p>\n<p>Our modern shampoos are a com... | 484 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Does frequent showering change the amount of oils our skin produces? | [
"dermatology",
"oil-of-skin"
] | <p>The skin produces natural oils, but when we shower, we remove those with water and wiping down. I'm wondering if our bodies adjust to the constant showering by producing oils faster. Sometimes, if I shower every day for a week, and then stop for a day, my head feels like it gets oily faster.</p>
| 17 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/501/oxygen-saturation-value-of-smokers | [
{
"answer_id": 512,
"body": "<p>The OP observes:</p>\n\n<blockquote>\n <p>When I was a smoker, my own SpO2 was usually 100%.</p>\n</blockquote>\n\n<p>Although <em>long-term</em> smoking often does lead to changes in the lungs that cause hypoxemia (low peripheral O<sub>2</sub> Saturation, a.k.a. SpO<sub>2</... | 501 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Oxygen saturation value of smokers | [
"smoking",
"oxygenation",
"biological-parameter"
] | <p>A person's O2 saturation, when measured in ambiant air at sea level with a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_oximetry">pulse oxymeter</a> (SpO2), is considered as normal between 95 and 100%. </p>
<p>I've read (<a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxym%C3%A9trie_colorim%C3%A9trique">non-sourced Wikipedia ... | 17 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/797/does-3500-calories-really-equal-a-pound | [
{
"answer_id": 805,
"body": "<p>The original 3500 calorie theory comes from a correspondence <a href=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=328550\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">published in 1959, by a Dr. Max Wishnofsky</a>, where he equates it to pounds lost in observed obese patients.</p>\n\... | 797 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Does 3500 calories really equal a pound? | [
"nutrition",
"diet",
"weight"
] | <p>If you are attempting to lose weight via dieting and/or exercise, you will see this number EVERYWHERE on the internet.</p>
<p>If you create a deficit of 3500 calories you will lose one pound, as simple as that.</p>
<p>But is that really true?</p>
<p>Surely there are many factors which will affect how true this is... | 17 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/994/sex-as-a-generic-medical-treatment-modality | [
{
"answer_id": 10338,
"body": "<p><strong>Unquestionably, sexual activity has several benefits for the body and mind.</strong> </p>\n\n<p>People who have a satisfactory sexual life tend to be happier, friendlier, calmer and sleep better. People who are happier, friendlier, calmer and sleep better, tend to ... | 994 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Sex as a generic medical treatment modality? | [
"treatment-options",
"benefits",
"endorphins"
] | <p>Sex therapy (including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_surrogate">clinical, licensed sex itself</a>) is a treatment option for <em>sexual health</em> issues - when there are problems and goals pertaining to sex itself.</p>
<p>Sexual health tends to be studied from the angle of being on the 'receiving'... | 17 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/1143/is-brushing-teeth-without-toothpaste-actually-harmful | [
{
"answer_id": 1366,
"body": "<p>My short answer is : <strong>Brushing your tooth without toothpaste will not cause a greater amount of micro-scratches than if you were to use toothpaste</strong>. </p>\n\n<p>To begin, <strong>tooth paste</strong>, is a product most often made of <strong>abrasive substances<... | 1,143 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Is brushing teeth without toothpaste actually harmful? | [
"brushing-teeth",
"toothbrush",
"toothpaste",
"enamel",
"rinsing-mouth"
] | <p>Another user mentioned that brushing teeth without toothpaste is dangerous because it's <a href="https://lifehacks.stackexchange.com/a/6440/2713">"likely to cause micro-scratches in the enamel of one's teeth"</a>. How true is the claim?</p>
<p>To be exact, let's assume that the mouth is "<strong>fully rinsed</stron... | 17 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/1164/advantages-of-transition-from-non-vegetarian-to-vegetarian | [
{
"answer_id": 1317,
"body": "<p>This subject is very broad and a detailed answer would require to be a whole book. Shortly I can say that vegetarians and vegans have lower rates of <strong>mortality</strong> (both by ischemic heart disease and total) (1-3) and lower incidence rates of <strong>diabetes</str... | 1,164 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Advantages of transition from non-vegetarian to vegetarian | [
"vegetarianism",
"non-vegetarianism"
] | <p>Influenced by PETA, a lot of people have already changed to vegan status. I would like to know how well the transition may work? It can be either in a physical or mental way.</p>
<p>Some have changed for religious views, some for humanitarian reasons. But I would like to know the health beneficial aspects.</p>
| 17 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/3991/how-much-risk-am-i-taking-by-joining-my-coworkers-for-smoke-breaks | [
{
"answer_id": 11130,
"body": "<p>Your question has no correct answer. It is up to take the pain for a gain. What I would do is look for other times when I can build rapports.</p>\n<p>However, studies show that non-smokers exposed to second-hand smoke are at risk for many of the health problems associated w... | 3,991 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | How much risk am I taking by joining my coworkers for smoke breaks? | [
"smoking",
"second-hand-smoke",
"social"
] | <p>Several of my coworkers take regular smoke breaks outside the office a few times per day. I don't smoke, but I join them once or twice a day. There are a few reasons why I find it valuable to do this:</p>
<ol>
<li>I enjoy the break, and the conversation</li>
<li>Spending time with these coworkers builds my rapport ... | 17 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/4058/are-there-any-side-effects-to-cracking-knuckles | [
{
"answer_id": 4090,
"body": "<p>A common medical myth is that cracking your knuckles causes arthritis, but is has been shown that cracking your knuckles, and popping your joints in general, will not raise your risk for developing arthritis.<sup><a href=\"http://www.jabfm.org/content/24/2/169\" rel=\"norefe... | 4,058 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Are there any side effects to cracking knuckles? | [
"musculoskeletal-system"
] | <p>I constantly crack (or pop) my knuckles. Are there any negative (or positive) side effects to it? I like to crack my knuckles, but I want to stop if it can have negative effects. What have scientific studies said about this subject?</p>
| 17 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/13545/why-is-thalidomide-a-current-drug-on-the-market | [
{
"answer_id": 13547,
"body": "<p><strong>Because leprosy and multiple myeloma are conditions for which other treatment options are limited.</strong></p>\n\n<p>All treatments have side effects, some more debilitating than others. The trick with pharmacology is to balance the benefit of treatment with the ha... | 13,545 | Why is thalidomide a current drug on the market? | [
"medications",
"drug-metabolism"
] | <p>Given the thalidomide birth defect disaster of the 1960s, why was it later approved by the U.S. FDA for treatment of leprosy (1996) and of multiple myeloma (2006)? Presumably, the teratogenic issues and problems with permanent nerve damage didn't go away, as the liver can convert the "good" enantiomer to the "bad." ... | 17 | |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/116/why-is-natural-sugar-healthier-than-refined-sugar | [
{
"answer_id": 131,
"body": "<p>These are some reasons:</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>Free sugars contribute to the overall energy density of diets. [<a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12768890\">1</a>]</li>\n<li>Free sugars promote a positive energy balance. (= excess of energy intake) [<a href=\"http://ww... | 116 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Why is natural sugar healthier than refined sugar? | [
"nutrition",
"diet",
"sugar"
] | <p>The WHO recently published <a href="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2015/sugar-guideline/en/">this recommendation regarding sugar consumption</a>:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Keeping intake of free sugars to less than 10% of total energy intake reduces the risk of overweight, obesity and tooth decay.</p>
</b... | 16 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/315/how-are-ratios-for-one-person-cpr-arrived-at | [
{
"answer_id": 563,
"body": "<p>Note: The following is excerpted from an article written in 2005. For lay (Non trained) people, there are more updated recommendations. The following is an example of the process, not the current recommendations.</p>\n\n<blockquote>\n <p>To be effective, CPR must restore ade... | 315 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | How are ratios for one person CPR arrived at? | [
"first-aid",
"cpr",
"research"
] | <p>I have not had a CPR (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation) class in 10 or more years, but I used to take them all the time (<em>like yearly</em>). For one person CPR the ratio of compression to breaths was always changing. In the US there were two major providers of approved CPR training, It was not unusual for both to ... | 16 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/496/does-the-frequency-of-loud-sounds-one-is-exposed-to-affect-tinnitus-risk | [
{
"answer_id": 537,
"body": "<p>Different hairs cells in inner ear (<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochlea\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\">cochlea</a>) vibrate in various ways in respond to different sound frequencies.</p>\n\n<p><img src=\"https://i.stack.imgur.com/9yNj7.gif\" alt=\"The hairs vibrate... | 496 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | Does the *frequency* of loud sounds one is exposed to affect Tinnitus risk? | [
"hearing"
] | <p>I currently am trying to understand <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2686891/">Tinnitus</a> and am having issues with it, because I can't find an official source to see exactly what sort of sound frequency, if heard too often would cause the damage.</p>
<p>Does one type of frequency, if heard to... | 16 |
https://medicalsciences.stackexchange.com/questions/806/how-do-antihistamines-work | [
{
"answer_id": 818,
"body": "<p>A <em>very brief</em> review of an allergic response is in order so that the answer makes sense. Think of a linked chain of events here.</p>\n\n<p>An \"allergen\" is something a person is allergic to, e.g., cat dander or pollen. When someone is exposed to an allergen, they ei... | 806 | CC BY-SA 3.0 | How do antihistamines work? | [
"allergy"
] | <p>We recently got some new kittens and my step son is allergic to them. He mostly suffers from a runny nose, but also had itchy eye last night after he </p>
<ol>
<li>Left a robe in the kitten room all day </li>
<li>Put it on after getting home from school </li>
<li>Kept scratching his eye after playing with the kitt... | 16 |
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