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The "pre-endgame" phase works in almost the same way as the "mid-game" phase, except that it is designed to attempt to yield a good end-game situation. The "endgame" phase takes over as soon as there are no tiles left in the bag. In two-player games, this means that the players can now deduce from the initial letter di... | Wikipedia - Maven (Scrabble) | null | null | null |
Max Planck derived a formula to describe the electromagnetic field inside a box when in thermal equilibrium in 1900.: 8–9 His model consisted of a superposition of standing waves. In one dimension, the box has length L, and only sinusoidal waves of wavenumber k = n π L {\displaystyle k={\frac {n\pi }{L}}} can occur in ... | Wikipedia - Atomic, molecular, and optical physics | null | null | null |
: 4–8, 51–52 In 1911, Ernest Rutherford concluded, based on alpha particle scattering, that an atom has a central pointlike proton. He also thought that an electron would be still attracted to the proton by Coulomb's law, which he had verified still held at small scales. As a result, he believed that electrons revolved... | Wikipedia - Atomic, molecular, and optical physics | null | null | null |
Niels Bohr, in 1913, combined the Rutherford model of the atom with the quantisation ideas of Planck. Only specific and well-defined orbits of the electron could exist, which also do not radiate light. In jumping orbit the electron would emit or absorb light corresponding to the difference in energy of the orbits. | Wikipedia - Atomic, molecular, and optical physics | null | null | null |
His prediction of the energy levels was then consistent with observation. : 9–10 These results, based on a discrete set of specific standing waves, were inconsistent with the continuous classical oscillator model. | Wikipedia - Atomic, molecular, and optical physics | null | null | null |
: 8 Work by Albert Einstein in 1905 on the photoelectric effect led to the association of a light wave of frequency ν {\displaystyle \nu } with a photon of energy h ν {\displaystyle h\nu } . In 1917 Einstein created an extension to Bohrs model by the introduction of the three processes of stimulated emission, spontaneo... | Wikipedia - Atomic, molecular, and optical physics | null | null | null |
Maxar, Bing, ESRI, and Mapbox are some of the providers of aerial/satellite imagery which are used as a backdrop for map production. | Wikipedia - OpenStreetMap | null | null | null |
Maxim Stepin's hq2x, hq3x, and hq4x are for scale factors of 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1 respectively. Each works by comparing the color value of each pixel to those of its eight immediate neighbours, marking the neighbours as close or distant, and using a pregenerated lookup table to find the proper proportion of input pixels' ... | Wikipedia - Pixel-art scaling algorithms | null | null | null |
Unlike 2xSaI, it anti-aliases the output. hqnx was initially created for the Super NES emulator ZSNES. The author of bsnes has released a space-efficient implementation of hq2x to the public domain. A port to shaders, which has comparable quality to the early versions of xBR, is available. Prior to the port, a shader c... | Wikipedia - Pixel-art scaling algorithms | null | null | null |
Maxima specializes in symbolic operations, but it also offers numerical capabilities such as arbitrary-precision integer, rational number, and floating-point numbers, limited only by space and time constraints. | Wikipedia - Maxima (software) | null | null | null |
Maximal rank conjecture (Eric Larson, 2018) Weibel's conjecture (Moritz Kerz, Florian Strunk, and Georg Tamme, 2018) Yau's conjecture (Antoine Song, 2018) Pentagonal tiling (Michaël Rao, 2017) Willmore conjecture (Fernando Codá Marques and André Neves, 2012) Erdős distinct distances problem (Larry Guth, Nets Hawk Katz,... | Wikipedia - Open problem in mathematics | null | null | null |
Maximizing the minimum completion time (P|| C min {\displaystyle C_{\min }} ) is applicable when the "jobs" are actually spare parts that are required to keep the machines running, and they have different life-times. The goal is to keep machines running for as long as possible. The LPT algorithm attains at least 3 m − ... | Wikipedia - Identical-machines scheduling | null | null | null |
Maximum depth – 320 feet (98 m) Maximum diameter – 1,280 feet (390 m) Volume – 6.6 million cubic yards (5.0×10^6 m3) Weight of material lifted – 12 million short tons (11 Mt) Maximum lip height – 100 feet (30 m) Minimum lip height – 20 feet (6.1 m) | Wikipedia - Sedan Crater | null | null | null |
Maximum likelihood (ML) methods of ancestral state reconstruction treat the character states at internal nodes of the tree as parameters, and attempt to find the parameter values that maximize the probability of the data (the observed character states) given the hypothesis (a model of evolution and a phylogeny relating... | Wikipedia - Ancestral reconstruction | null | null | null |
These differences are not captured by maximum parsimony. However, just because some events are more likely than others does not mean that they always happen. We know that throughout evolutionary history there have been times when there was a large gap between what was most likely to happen, and what actually occurred. | Wikipedia - Ancestral reconstruction | null | null | null |
When this is the case, maximum parsimony may actually be more accurate because it is more willing to make large, unlikely leaps than maximum likelihood is. Maximum likelihood has been shown to be quite reliable in reconstructing character states, but it does not do as good of a job at giving accurate estimations of the... | Wikipedia - Ancestral reconstruction | null | null | null |
The merits of maximum likelihood have been subject to debate, with some having concluded that maximum likelihood test represents a good medium between accuracy and speed. However, other studies have complained that maximum likelihood takes too much time and computational power to be useful in some scenarios.These appro... | Wikipedia - Ancestral reconstruction | null | null | null |
In brief, the evolution of a genetic sequence is modelled by a time-reversible continuous time Markov process. In the simplest of these, all characters undergo independent state transitions (such as nucleotide substitutions) at a constant rate over time. This basic model is frequently extended to allow different rates ... | Wikipedia - Ancestral reconstruction | null | null | null |
In reality, mutation rates may also vary over time (due, for example, to environmental changes); this can be modelled by allowing the rate parameters to evolve along the tree, at the expense of having an increased number of parameters. A model defines transition probabilities from states i to j along a branch of length... | Wikipedia - Ancestral reconstruction | null | null | null |
Maximum likelihood estimation (also known as MLE or MaxLik) is a popular technique for dealing with the problems of linear inversion. By restricting the domain of density matrices to the proper space, and searching for the density matrix which maximizes the likelihood of giving the experimental results, it guarantees t... | Wikipedia - Quantum state tomography | null | null | null |
Then the likelihood associated with a state ρ ^ {\displaystyle {\hat {\rho }}} is L ( ρ ^ ) = ∏ j ⟨ y j | ρ ^ | y j ⟩ f j {\displaystyle L({\hat {\rho }})=\prod _{j}\langle y_{j}|{\hat {\rho }}|y_{j}\rangle ^{f_{j}}} where ⟨ y j | ρ ^ | y j ⟩ {\displaystyle \langle y_{j}|{\hat {\rho }}|y_{j}\rangle } is the probability... | Wikipedia - Quantum state tomography | null | null | null |
Maximum likelihood estimation suffers from some less obvious problems than linear inversion. One problem is that it makes predictions about probabilities that cannot be justified by the data. This is seen most easily by looking at the problem of zero eigenvalues. The computed solution using MLE often contains eigenvalu... | Wikipedia - Quantum state tomography | null | null | null |
In these cases, the solution then lies on the boundary of the n-dimensional Bloch sphere. This can be seen as related to linear inversion giving states which lie outside the valid space (the Bloch sphere). MLE in these cases picks a nearby point that is valid, and the nearest points are generally on the boundary.This i... | Wikipedia - Quantum state tomography | null | null | null |
However, since no value may be less than 0, an estimate of an eigenvalue being 0 implies that the estimator is certain the value is 0, otherwise they would have estimated some ϵ {\displaystyle \epsilon } greater than 0 with a small degree of uncertainty as the best estimate. This is where the problem arises, in that it... | Wikipedia - Quantum state tomography | null | null | null |
Maxwell also investigated the kinetic theory of gases. Originating with Daniel Bernoulli, this theory was advanced by the successive labours of John Herapath, John James Waterston, James Joule, and particularly Rudolf Clausius, to such an extent as to put its general accuracy beyond a doubt; but it received enormous de... | Wikipedia - James Clerk Maxwell | null | null | null |
This approach generalised the previously established laws of thermodynamics and explained existing observations and experiments in a better way than had been achieved previously. His work on thermodynamics led him to devise the thought experiment that came to be known as Maxwell's demon, where the second law of thermod... | Wikipedia - James Clerk Maxwell | null | null | null |
Maxwell had studied and commented on electricity and magnetism as early as 1855 when his paper "On Faraday's lines of force" was read to the Cambridge Philosophical Society. The paper presented a simplified model of Faraday's work and how electricity and magnetism are related. He reduced all of the current knowledge in... | Wikipedia - James Clerk Maxwell | null | null | null |
He considered this to be more than just a coincidence, commenting, "We can scarcely avoid the conclusion that light consists in the transverse undulations of the same medium which is the cause of electric and magnetic phenomena.Working on the problem further, Maxwell showed that the equations predict the existence of w... | Wikipedia - James Clerk Maxwell | null | null | null |
Oliver Heaviside reduced the complexity of Maxwell's theory down to four partial differential equations, known now collectively as Maxwell's Laws or Maxwell's equations. Although potentials became much less popular in the nineteenth century, the use of scalar and vector potentials is now standard in the solution of Max... | Wikipedia - James Clerk Maxwell | null | null | null |
According to Heaviside, the electromagnetic potential field was arbitrary and needed to be "assassinated". (sic) A few years later there was a debate between Heaviside and Tate (sic) about the relative merits of vector analysis and quaternions. The result was the realization that there was no need for the greater phys... | Wikipedia - James Clerk Maxwell | null | null | null |
Maxwell was proved correct, and his quantitative connection between light and electromagnetism is considered one of the great accomplishments of 19th-century mathematical physics.Maxwell also introduced the concept of the electromagnetic field in comparison to force lines that Faraday described. By understanding the pr... | Wikipedia - James Clerk Maxwell | null | null | null |
At that time, Maxwell believed that the propagation of light required a medium for the waves, dubbed the luminiferous aether. Over time, the existence of such a medium, permeating all space and yet apparently undetectable by mechanical means, proved impossible to reconcile with experiments such as the Michelson–Morley ... | Wikipedia - James Clerk Maxwell | null | null | null |
Maxwell published the paper "On governors" in the Proceedings of the Royal Society, vol. 16 (1867–1868). This paper is considered a central paper of the early days of control theory. Here "governors" refers to the governor or the centrifugal governor used to regulate steam engines. | Wikipedia - James Clerk Maxwell | null | null | null |
Maxwell's analogy was initially used merely to help explain electrical phenomena in more familiar mechanical terms. The work of Firestone, Trent and others moved the field well beyond this, looking to represent systems of multiple energy domains as a single system. In particular, designers started converting the mechan... | Wikipedia - Analogical model | null | null | null |
The quality of filters required for radio applications could not be achieved with electrical components. Much better quality resonators (higher Q factor) could be made with mechanical parts but there was no equivalent filter theory in mechanical engineering. It was also necessary to have the mechanical parts, the trans... | Wikipedia - Analogical model | null | null | null |
Maxwell's equations can be formulated using spacetime algebra, in a simpler form than can be done with standard vector calculus. Similarly to the above field bivector, the electric charge density and current density can be unified into a single spacetime vector, equivalent to a four-vector. As such, the spacetime curre... | Wikipedia - Space time algebra | null | null | null |
Combining the electromagnetic field and current density together with the spacetime gradient as defined earlier, we can combine all four of Maxwell's equations into a single equation in spacetime algebra. : 230 The fact that these quantities are all covariant objects in the spacetime algebra automatically guarantees Lo... | Wikipedia - Space time algebra | null | null | null |
Using the fact that for any bivector field, the divergence of its spacetime gradient is 0 {\displaystyle 0} , one can perform the following manipulation: ∇ ⋅ = ∇ ⋅ 0 = ∇ ⋅ J . {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\nabla \cdot \left&=\nabla \cdot \left\\0&=\nabla \cdot J.\end{aligned}}} This equation has the clear meaning t... | Wikipedia - Space time algebra | null | null | null |
Maxwell's equations established that some charges and currents ("sources") produce a local type of electromagnetic field near them that does not radiate. Currents directly produce a magnetic field, but it is of a magnetic dipole type that dies out with distance from the current. In a similar manner, moving charges push... | Wikipedia - Electromagnetic signal | null | null | null |
These fields make up the near-field near the EMR source. Neither of these behaviours are responsible for EM radiation. Instead, they cause electromagnetic field behaviour that only efficiently transfers power to a receiver very close to the source, such as the magnetic induction inside a transformer. | Wikipedia - Electromagnetic signal | null | null | null |
Typically, near-fields have a powerful effect on their own sources, causing an increased "load" (decreased electrical reactance) in the source or transmitter, whenever energy is withdrawn from the EM field by a receiver. Otherwise, these fields do not "propagate" freely out into space, carrying their energy away withou... | Wikipedia - Electromagnetic signal | null | null | null |
The far-fields propagate (radiate) without allowing the transmitter to affect them. This causes them to be independent in the sense that their existence and their energy, after they have left the transmitter, is completely independent of both transmitter and receiver. Due to conservation of energy, the amount of power ... | Wikipedia - Electromagnetic signal | null | null | null |
Because such a surface has an area proportional to the square of its distance from the source, the power density of EM radiation from an isotropic source decreases with the inverse square of the distance from the source; this is called the inverse-square law. This is in contrast to dipole parts of the EM field close to... | Wikipedia - Electromagnetic signal | null | null | null |
Maxwell's equations give the time-evolution of the electric and magnetic fields due to electric charge and current distributions. Given the fields, the Lorentz force law is the equation of motion for charges in the fields. These equations can be modified to include magnetic monopoles, and are consistent with our observ... | Wikipedia - Laws of science | null | null | null |
Pre-Maxwell lawsThese laws were found before the formulation of Maxwell's equations. They are not fundamental, since they can be derived from Maxwell's Equations. | Wikipedia - Laws of science | null | null | null |
Coulomb's Law can be found from Gauss' Law (electrostatic form) and the Biot–Savart Law can be deduced from Ampere's Law (magnetostatic form). Lenz' Law and Faraday's Law can be incorporated into the Maxwell-Faraday equation. Nonetheless they are still very effective for simple calculations. Lenz's law Coulomb's law Bi... | Wikipedia - Laws of science | null | null | null |
Maxwell, James Clerk, "A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 155, 459-512 (1865). (This article accompanied a December 8, 1864 presentation by Maxwell to the Royal Society.) | Wikipedia - Electromagnetic wave equation | null | null | null |
Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics can be derived in various statistical mechanical thermodynamic ensembles: The grand canonical ensemble, exactly. The canonical ensemble, exactly. The microcanonical ensemble, but only in the thermodynamic limit.In each case it is necessary to assume that the particles are non-interacting, a... | Wikipedia - Boltzmann statistics | null | null | null |
Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics can be replaced by the quantum Bose–Einstein statistics resulting in the following option price formula: C 0 N = ( 1 + r ) − N ∑ n = 0 N ( q n ( 1 − q ) N − n ∑ k = 0 N q k ( 1 − q ) N − k ) + {\displaystyle C_{0}^{N}=(1+r)^{-N}\sum _{n=0}^{N}\left({\frac {q^{n}{(1-q)}^{N-n}}{\sum _{k=0}^{... | Wikipedia - Quantum finance | null | null | null |
Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics is used to derive the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution of an ideal gas. However, it can also be used to extend that distribution to particles with a different energy–momentum relation, such as relativistic particles (resulting in Maxwell–Jüttner distribution), and to other than three-dimensio... | Wikipedia - Boltzmann statistics | null | null | null |
This assumption leads to the proper (Boltzmann) statistics of particles in the energy states, but yields non-physical results for the entropy, as embodied in the Gibbs paradox. At the same time, there are no real particles that have the characteristics required by Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics. Indeed, the Gibbs paradox... | Wikipedia - Boltzmann statistics | null | null | null |
Once this assumption is made, the particle statistics change. The change in entropy in the entropy of mixing example may be viewed as an example of a non-extensive entropy resulting from the distinguishability of the two types of particles being mixed. Quantum particles are either bosons (following instead Bose–Einstei... | Wikipedia - Boltzmann statistics | null | null | null |
May 2016: acquired Toronto-based software company Gavel & Gown, makers of Amicus Attorney. February 2017: acquired Virginia-based software company Results Software, makers of ResultsCRM. February 2017: acquired San Diego–based cloud hosting provider Cloudnine Realtime. May 2017: acquired Palmdale-based software company... | Wikipedia - Abacus Data Systems | null | null | null |
November 2017: acquired Scotland-based software company HotDocs. HotDocs was previously owned by LexisNexis before being sold in 2009. December 2017: acquired New Hampshire–based software company Commercial Logic. | Wikipedia - Abacus Data Systems | null | null | null |
May 2023 saw EssilorLuxottica confirm that it had suffered a data breach two years earlier in 2021; upon noticing the breach, the company immediately alerted the FBI and Italian law enforcement. A spokesperson for the company stated that the company was first aware of the data breach in November 2022, and the owner of ... | Wikipedia - EssilorLuxottica | null | null | null |
May 8, 1979 – Radio Shack releases TRSDOS 2.3 May 1, 1981 – Radio Shack releases Model III TRSDOS 1.3 April 26, 1983 – Radio Shack introduces TRSDOS Version 6.0 with the new Model 4s 1984 – Radio Shack releases Version 6.2, the definitive version for the Model 4 1984 – Logical Systems publishes The Source, the commente... | Wikipedia - Logical Disk Operating System | null | null | null |
May include a publish/subscribe pattern to communicate the changed data to multiple targets. In this approach, triggers log events that happen to the transactional table into another queue table that can later be "played back". For example, imagine an Accounts table, when transactions are taken against this table, trig... | Wikipedia - Change data capture | null | null | null |
The data inserted for our Account sample might be: 1, Accounts, 76, 2008-11-02 00:15, Update. More complicated designs might log the actual data that changed. This queue table could then be "played back" to replicate the data from the source system to a target. An example of this technique is the pattern known as the l... | Wikipedia - Change data capture | null | null | null |
Mayali has four major noun class prefixes which attach to items within the nominal phrase: masculine, feminine, vegetable, and neuter.An example paradigm is given below, adapted from . One can see that each of the nominal morphemes in each class attaches to both the nouns and the adjectives. | Wikipedia - Nominal (linguistics) | null | null | null |
Mazes can be created with recursive division, an algorithm which works as follows: Begin with the maze's space with no walls. Call this a chamber. Divide the chamber with a randomly positioned wall (or multiple walls) where each wall contains a randomly positioned passage opening within it. | Wikipedia - Maze generation algorithm | null | null | null |
Then recursively repeat the process on the subchambers until all chambers are minimum sized. This method results in mazes with long straight walls crossing their space, making it easier to see which areas to avoid. For example, in a rectangular maze, build at random points two walls that are perpendicular to each other... | Wikipedia - Maze generation algorithm | null | null | null |
These two walls divide the large chamber into four smaller chambers separated by four walls. Choose three of the four walls at random, and open a one cell-wide hole at a random point in each of the three. Continue in this manner recursively, until every chamber has a width of one cell in either of the two directions. | Wikipedia - Maze generation algorithm | null | null | null |
Mbed TLS supports a number of different cryptographic algorithms: Cryptographic hash functions MD2, MD4, MD5, RIPEMD160, SHA-1, SHA-2 MAC modes CMAC, HMAC Ciphers AES, ARIA, Blowfish, Camellia, ChaCha, DES, RC4, Triple DES, XTEA Cipher modes ECB, CBC, CFB, CTR, OFB, XTS Authenticated encryption modes CCM, GCM, NIST Key... | Wikipedia - XySSL | null | null | null |
McAllester has voiced concerns about the potential dangers of artificial intelligence, writing in an article to the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review that it is inevitable that fully automated intelligent machines will be able to design and build smarter, better versions of themselves, an event known as the singularity. The si... | Wikipedia - David A. McAllester | null | null | null |
He was later described as discussing the singularity at the panel in terms of two major milestones in artificial intelligence: 1) Operational Sentience: We can easily converse with computers. 2) The AI Chain Reaction: A computer that boot straps itself to a better self. | Wikipedia - David A. McAllester | null | null | null |
Repeat. McAllester has also written on friendly artificial intelligence on his blog. He says that before machines become capable of programming themselves (potentially leading to the singularity), there should be a period where they are moderately intelligent in which it should be possible to test out giving them a pur... | Wikipedia - David A. McAllester | null | null | null |
I think this will happen long before machines can program themselves leading to an intelligence explosion. The early stages of artificial general intelligence (AGI) will be safe. However, the early stages of AGI will provide an excellent test bed for the servant mission or other approaches to friendly AI ... If there i... | Wikipedia - David A. McAllester | null | null | null |
McBBS's sold for $40 U.S. originally on the Commodore 64 and the later 5.x set, all versions in between were free. It is unknown how many copies of McBBS were sold, but it is known that installations existed in Asia, North America and Europe. The largest concentration of McBBS installations was in the Mid-West USA and ... | Wikipedia - McBBS | null | null | null |
On August 12, 2007 the UNESCO (a division of the United Nations) "Great Library of Alexandria" (Bibliotheca Alexandrina) confirmed and accepted receipt of a shipment that would be archived on its shelves. The shipment was sent from Derek McDonald himself, included with this shipment was a single copy of the last versio... | Wikipedia - McBBS | null | null | null |
v1.1, 1.2, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 2.6 - Released for Commodore 64/128. Starting with v2.0 all programs were "modular" meaning the components were controlled by a central program and swapped in and out of memory as needed. | Wikipedia - McBBS | null | null | null |
2.0 was also the first to feature the Modem "Hayes" instruction set. v3.0, 3.1, 3.1C, 3.5, 4.0, 5.0, 5.1, 5.1A, 5.5, 5.5.1, 5.5.2, 5.5.3 - All published for IBM-PC. v3.1C was the first compiled into direct executable code. | Wikipedia - McBBS | null | null | null |
4.0 was the first to feature networking. 5.1A was the first "high speed" modem version that could exceed 9600 bit/s using a supplied driver written in compiled Pascal language. It also had the file transfer protocols supplied with it. 5.5 had the high speed routines within the program itself, it also featured the integ... | Wikipedia - McBBS | null | null | null |
McBratney, A. B., & de Gruijter, J. J. (1992). A continuum approach to soil classification by modified fuzzy k-means with extragrades. Journal of Soil Science, 43(1), 159-175. | Wikipedia - Soil classification | null | null | null |
McCrimmon proposed a notion of H-structure by dropping the density axiom and strengthening the third (a form of Hua's identity) to hold in all isotopes. The resulting structure is categorically equivalent to a quadratic Jordan algebra. | Wikipedia - J-structure | null | null | null |
McDonald criteria propose a clinical diagnosis based on a pathological definition, saying that the focus for diagnosis "remains on the objective demonstration of dissemination of lesions in both time and space" (DIT and DIS). But given that other diseases produce similar lesions, it is also required that those lesions ... | Wikipedia - Inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system | null | null | null |
Both diagnosis are correct even though the definition has not (apparently) changed. According to some pathologists, a pathological definition is required because clinical definitions have problems with differential diagnosis and they always use a pathological definition on articles about post-mortem retrospective diagn... | Wikipedia - Inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system | null | null | null |
McFadden wrote the popular science book, Quantum Evolution. The book examines the role of quantum mechanics in life, evolution and consciousness. The book has been described as offering an alternative evolutionary mechanism, beyond the neo-Darwinian framework.The book received positive reviews by Kirkus Reviews and Pub... | Wikipedia - Johnjoe McFadden | null | null | null |
McGrew, Roderick. Encyclopedia of Medical History (1985), brief history pp 25–30 Our Microbial Planet A free poster from the National Academy of Sciences about the positive roles of micro-organisms. "Uncharted Microbial World: Microbes and Their Activities in the Environment" Report from the American Academy of Microbi... | Wikipedia - Biological oxidizer | null | null | null |
McKay is the author of at least 127 refereed articles.One of McKay's main contributions has been a practical algorithm for the graph isomorphism problem and its software implementation NAUTY (No AUTomorphisms, Yes?). Further achievements include proving with Stanisław Radziszowski that the Ramsey number R(4,5) = 25; pr... | Wikipedia - Brendan McKay (mathematician) | null | null | null |
McKenzie & Overbay (2010) study applications of book thickness in abstract algebra, using graphs defined from the zero divisors of a finite local ring by making a vertex for each zero divisor and an edge for each pair of values whose product is zero.In a multi-paper sequence, Dynnikov has studied the topological book e... | Wikipedia - Book embedding | null | null | null |
McLeod and Heimbigner were among the first to define a federated database system in the mid-1980s. A FDBS is one which "define the architecture and interconnect databases that minimize central authority yet support partial sharing and coordination among database systems". This description might not accurately reflect t... | Wikipedia - Federated database | null | null | null |
McLeod/Heimbigner's federated database is a collection of autonomous components that make their data available to other members of the federation through the publication of an export schema and access operations; there is no unified, central schema that encompasses the information available from the members of the fede... | Wikipedia - Federated database | null | null | null |
McMichael, Preston, and Murray offer a more nuanced view of the epidemiological transition, highlighting macro trends and emphasizing that there is a change from infectious to non-communicable disease, but arguing that it happens differently in different contexts.One of the first to refine the idea of the epidemiologic... | Wikipedia - Epidemiological transition | null | null | null |
The estimated slopes represented the proportional contribution of each cause to a unit change in the total mortality rate. With the exception of neoplasms in both sexes and cardiovascular disease in males, all of the estimated slopes were positive and statistically significant. This demonstrated that the mortality rate... | Wikipedia - Epidemiological transition | null | null | null |
The major causes accounting for the decline were all infectious and parasitic diseases.McMichael et al. argue (2004) that the epidemiological transition has not taken place homogeneously in all countries. Countries have varied in the speed with which they go through the transition as well as what stage of the transitio... | Wikipedia - Epidemiological transition | null | null | null |
The epidemiological transition correlates with changes in life expectancy. Worldwide, mortality rates have decreased as both technological and medical advancements have led to a tremendous decrease in infectious diseases. With fewer people dying from infectious diseases, there is a rising prevalence of chronic and/or d... | Wikipedia - Epidemiological transition | null | null | null |
Their "cause of death" patterns sought to describe the fraction of deaths attributed to a set of mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive causes. They divided diseases into three cause groups and made several important observations: Group 1 - communicable, maternal, perinatal, and nutritional: These causes of dea... | Wikipedia - Epidemiological transition | null | null | null |
Group 3 - injuries: This cause of death is most variable within and across different countries and is less predictive of all-cause mortality.The regression approach underlying the Global Burden of Disease received some critique in light of real-world violations of the model's "mutually exclusive and collectively exhaus... | Wikipedia - Epidemiological transition | null | null | null |
Decomposing this overall impact by age-sex groups, they find that for males, when overall mortality decreases, the importance of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) increases relative to the other causes with an age-specific impact on the role of injuries, whereas for women, both NCDs and injuries gain a more significant ... | Wikipedia - Epidemiological transition | null | null | null |
McObject LLC launched eXtremeDB as the first in-memory embedded database designed from scratch for real-time embedded systems. The initial product was soon joined by eXtremeDB High Availability (HA) for fault tolerant applications. The product family now includes 64-bit and transaction logging editions, and the hybrid ... | Wikipedia - Embedded database | null | null | null |
In 2008, McObject introduced eXtremeDB Kernel Mode, the first embedded DBMS designed to run in an operating system kernel. Today, eXtremeDB is used in millions of real-time and embedded systems worldwide. McObject also offers Perst, an open source, object-oriented embedded database for Java, Java ME, .NET, .NET Compact... | Wikipedia - Embedded database | null | null | null |
Mead acid, also referred to as eicosatrienoic acid, is chemically a carboxylic acid with a 20-carbon chain and three methylene-interrupted cis double bonds, as is typical for polyunsaturated fatty acids. The first double bond is located at the ninth carbon from the omega end. In physiological literature, it is given th... | Wikipedia - Mead acid | null | null | null |
Meager, nowhere dense, and Baire A disk in a TVS is not nowhere dense if and only if its closure is a neighborhood of the origin. A vector subspace of a TVS that is closed but not open is nowhere dense.Suppose X {\displaystyle X} is a TVS that does not carry the indiscrete topology. Then X {\displaystyle X} is a Baire ... | Wikipedia - Topological vector spaces | null | null | null |
Every nonmeager locally convex TVS is a barrelled space.Important algebraic facts and common misconceptions If S ⊆ X {\displaystyle S\subseteq X} then 2 S ⊆ S + S {\displaystyle 2S\subseteq S+S} ; if S {\displaystyle S} is convex then equality holds. For an example where equality does not hold, let x {\displaystyle x} ... | Wikipedia - Topological vector spaces | null | null | null |
{\displaystyle 0\leq t\leq 1.} The convex balanced hull of a set S ⊆ X {\displaystyle S\subseteq X} is equal to the convex hull of the balanced hull of S ; {\displaystyle S;} that is, it is equal to co ( bal S ) . {\displaystyle \operatorname {co} (\operatorname {bal} S).} | Wikipedia - Topological vector spaces | null | null | null |
But in general, where the inclusion might be strict since the balanced hull of a convex set need not be convex (counter-examples exist even in R 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{2}} ). If R , S ⊆ X {\displaystyle R,S\subseteq X} and a {\displaystyle a} is a scalar then If R , S ⊆ X {\displaystyle R,S\subseteq X} are conv... | Wikipedia - Topological vector spaces | null | null | null |
In any non-trivial vector space X , {\displaystyle X,} there exist two disjoint non-empty convex subsets whose union is X . {\displaystyle X.} Other properties Every TVS topology can be generated by a family of F-seminorms.If P ( x ) {\displaystyle P(x)} is some unary predicate (a true or false statement dependent on x... | Wikipedia - Topological vector spaces | null | null | null |
{\displaystyle z+\{x\in X:P(x)\}=\{x\in X:P(x-z)\}.} So for example, if P ( x ) {\displaystyle P(x)} denotes " ‖ x ‖ < 1 {\displaystyle \|x\|<1} " then for any z ∈ X , {\displaystyle z\in X,} z + { x ∈ X: ‖ x ‖ < 1 } = { x ∈ X: ‖ x − z ‖ < 1 } . {\displaystyle z+\{x\in X:\|x\|<1\}=\{x\in X:\|x-z\|<1\}.} | Wikipedia - Topological vector spaces | null | null | null |
Similarly, if s ≠ 0 {\displaystyle s\neq 0} is a scalar then s { x ∈ X: P ( x ) } = { x ∈ X: P ( 1 s x ) } . {\displaystyle s\{x\in X:P(x)\}=\left\{x\in X:P\left({\tfrac {1}{s}}x\right)\right\}.} The elements x ∈ X {\displaystyle x\in X} of these sets must range over a vector space (that is, over X {\displaystyle X} ) ... | Wikipedia - Topological vector spaces | null | null | null |
Mean particle sinking rates are 10 to 100 m/day. Sinking rates have been measured in the project VERTIGO (Vertical Transport in the Global Ocean) using settling velocity sediment traps. The variability in sinking rates is due to differences in ballast, water temperature, food web structure and the types of phyto and zo... | Wikipedia - Mesopelagic zone | null | null | null |
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