text stringlengths 14 4.79k | source stringlengths 13 304 | tokens float64 75 1.06k ⌀ | char_length float64 106 4.79k ⌀ | article_title stringlengths 16 300 ⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Medical information of patients are becoming increasingly available on the Internet, on free and publicly accessing platforms such as HealthData.gov and PatientsLikeMe, encouraged by government open data policies and data sharing initiatives spearheaded by the private sector. While this level of accessibility yields ma... | Wikipedia - Data re-identification | null | null | null |
In addition, it mandates that patients receive breach notifications should there be more than a low probability that the patient's information was inappropriately disclosed or utilized without sufficient mitigation of the harm to him or her. The likelihood of re-identification is a factor in determining the probability... | Wikipedia - Data re-identification | null | null | null |
Medical microbiology: the study of the pathogenic microbes and the role of microbes in human illness. Includes the study of microbial pathogenesis and epidemiology and is related to the study of disease pathology and immunology. This area of microbiology also covers the study of human microbiota, cancer, and the tumor ... | Wikipedia - Branches of microbiology | null | null | null |
Industrial microbiology: the exploitation of microbes for use in industrial processes. Examples include industrial fermentation and wastewater treatment. Closely linked to the biotechnology industry. | Wikipedia - Branches of microbiology | null | null | null |
This field also includes brewing, an important application of microbiology. Microbial biotechnology: the manipulation of microorganisms at the genetic and molecular level to generate useful products. Food microbiology: the study of microorganisms causing food spoilage and foodborne illness. | Wikipedia - Branches of microbiology | null | null | null |
Using microorganisms to produce foods, for example by fermentation. Agricultural microbiology: the study of agriculturally relevant microorganisms. This field can be further classified into the following: Plant microbiology and Plant pathology: The study of the interactions between microorganisms and plants and plant p... | Wikipedia - Branches of microbiology | null | null | null |
Soil microbiology: the study of those microorganisms that are found in soil. Veterinary microbiology: the study of the role of microbes in veterinary medicine or animal taxonomy. Environmental microbiology: the study of the function and diversity of microbes in their natural environments. | Wikipedia - Branches of microbiology | null | null | null |
This involves the characterization of key bacterial habitats such as the rhizosphere and phyllosphere, soil and groundwater ecosystems, open oceans or extreme environments (extremophiles). This field includes other branches of microbiology such as: Microbial ecology Microbially mediated nutrient cycling Geomicrobiology... | Wikipedia - Branches of microbiology | null | null | null |
Aeromicrobiology (or air microbiology): The study of airborne microorganisms. Biotechnology: related to recombinant DNA technology or genetic engineering. == References == | Wikipedia - Branches of microbiology | null | null | null |
Medical researchers have found that smoking is a predictor of divorce. Smokers have a 53% greater chance of divorce than nonsmokers. | Wikipedia - Tobacco abuse | null | null | null |
Medical ultrasonography uses ultrasound (high-frequency sound waves) to visualize soft tissue structures in the body in real time. No ionizing radiation is involved, but the quality of the images obtained using ultrasound is highly dependent on the skill of the person (ultrasonographer) performing the exam and the pati... | Wikipedia - Radiologic test | null | null | null |
Ultrasound is also limited by its inability to image through air pockets (lungs, bowel loops) or bone. Its use in medical imaging has developed mostly within the last 30 years. | Wikipedia - Radiologic test | null | null | null |
The first ultrasound images were static and two-dimensional (2D), but with modern ultrasonography, 3D reconstructions can be observed in real time, effectively becoming "4D". Because ultrasound imaging techniques do not employ ionizing radiation to generate images (unlike radiography, and CT scans), they are generally ... | Wikipedia - Radiologic test | null | null | null |
Growth can be assessed over time, important in patients with chronic disease or pregnancy-induced disease, and in multiple pregnancies (twins, triplets, etc.). Color-flow Doppler ultrasound measures the severity of peripheral vascular disease and is used by cardiologists for dynamic evaluation of the heart, heart valve... | Wikipedia - Radiologic test | null | null | null |
A clot, embedded deep in one of the inner veins of the legs, can be found via ultrasound before it dislodges and travels to the lungs, resulting in a potentially fatal pulmonary embolism. Ultrasound is useful as a guide to performing biopsies to minimize damage to surrounding tissues and in drainages such as thoracente... | Wikipedia - Radiologic test | null | null | null |
Medical virtual reality provides doctors multiple surgical scenarios that could happen and allows them to practice and prepare themselves for these situations. It also permits medical students a hands-on experience of different procedures without the consequences of making potential mistakes. ORamaVR is one of the lead... | Wikipedia - Medical technology | null | null | null |
Medical waste management was identified as an issue in the 1980s, with the Medical Waste Tracking Act of 1988 becoming the new standard in biohazard waste disposal. Although the Federal Government, EPA & DOT provide some oversight of regulated medical waste storage, transportation, and disposal the majority of biohazar... | Wikipedia - Biosafety | null | null | null |
Medical healthcare centers, hospitals veterinary clinics, clinical laboratories and other facilities generate over one million tons of waste each year. Although the majority of this waste is as harmless as common household waste, as much as 15 percent of this waste poses a potential infection hazard, according to the E... | Wikipedia - Biosafety | null | null | null |
There are several different methods to treat and dispose of biohazardous waste. In the United States, the primary methods for treatment and disposal of biohazard, medical and sharps waste may include: Incineration Microwave Autoclaves Mechanical/Chemical Disinfection IrradiationDifferent forms of biohazardous wasted re... | Wikipedia - Biosafety | null | null | null |
Medical/biomedical imaging is a major segment of medical devices. This area deals with enabling clinicians to directly or indirectly "view" things not visible in plain sight (such as due to their size, and/or location). This can involve utilizing ultrasound, magnetism, UV, radiology, and other means. Alternatively, nav... | Wikipedia - Biomedical engineering | null | null | null |
For example, ENvizion Medical's ENvue, an electromagnetic navigation system for enteral feeding tube placement. The system uses an external field generator and several EM passive sensors enabling scaling of the display to the patient's body contour, and a real-time view of the feeding tube tip location and direction, w... | Wikipedia - Biomedical engineering | null | null | null |
Medications may be evaluated for side effects that contribute to fatigue and the interactions of medications are complex. | Wikipedia - Neurological fatigue | null | null | null |
Medications may be used in the process of pulmonary rehabilitation including: anti-inflammatory agents (inhaled steroids), bronchodilators, long-acting bronchodilators, beta-2 agonists, anticholinergic agents, oral steroids, antibiotics, mucolytic agents, oxygen therapy, or preventive healthcare (i.e., vaccination). | Wikipedia - Pulmonary rehabilitation | null | null | null |
Medications may be used to treat ASD symptoms that interfere with integrating a child into home or school when behavioral treatment fails. They may also be used for associated health problems, such as ADHD or anxiety. However, their routine prescription for the core features of ASD is not recommended. More than half of... | Wikipedia - Autism-spectrum disorder | null | null | null |
The atypical antipsychotic drugs risperidone and aripiprazole are FDA-approved for treating associated aggressive and self-injurious behaviors. But their side effects must be weighed against their potential benefits, and autistic people may respond atypically. Side effects may include weight gain, tiredness, drooling, ... | Wikipedia - Autism-spectrum disorder | null | null | null |
There is some emerging data that show positive effects of aripiprazole and risperidone on restricted and repetitive behaviors (i.e., stimming; e.g., flapping, twisting, complex whole-body movements), but due to the small sample size and different focus of these studies and the concerns about its side effects, antipsych... | Wikipedia - Autism-spectrum disorder | null | null | null |
Medidata offers a cloud-based platform for clients to build their own clinical trials and perform medical research. On the platform, physicians and scientists can collect and share clinical trial data. The company helps biopharmaceutical and medical device companies run clinical trials, and streamlines the process for ... | Wikipedia - Medidata Solutions | null | null | null |
As of 2017, Medidata customers include 18 of the world's top 25 pharmaceutical companies, with clients such as Johnson & Johnson, AstraZeneca, Amgen, Cancer Research UK, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis and Hoffmann-La Roche. Clients also include biotechnology companies, government institutions, and contract research organiza... | Wikipedia - Medidata Solutions | null | null | null |
Medieval European interest in mathematics was driven by concerns quite different from those of modern mathematicians. One driving element was the belief that mathematics provided the key to understanding the created order of nature, frequently justified by Plato's Timaeus and the biblical passage (in the Book of Wisdom... | Wikipedia - Roman mathematics | null | null | null |
These and other new sources sparked a renewal of mathematics. Leonardo of Pisa, now known as Fibonacci, serendipitously learned about the Hindu–Arabic numerals on a trip to what is now Béjaïa, Algeria with his merchant father. (Europe was still using Roman numerals.) | Wikipedia - Roman mathematics | null | null | null |
There, he observed a system of arithmetic (specifically algorism) which due to the positional notation of Hindu–Arabic numerals was much more efficient and greatly facilitated commerce. Leonardo wrote Liber Abaci in 1202 (updated in 1254) introducing the technique to Europe and beginning a long period of popularizing i... | Wikipedia - Roman mathematics | null | null | null |
The 14th century saw the development of new mathematical concepts to investigate a wide range of problems. One important contribution was development of mathematics of local motion. Thomas Bradwardine proposed that speed (V) increases in arithmetic proportion as the ratio of force (F) to resistance (R) increases in geo... | Wikipedia - Roman mathematics | null | null | null |
Bradwardine expressed this by a series of specific examples, but although the logarithm had not yet been conceived, we can express his conclusion anachronistically by writing: V = log (F/R). Bradwardine's analysis is an example of transferring a mathematical technique used by al-Kindi and Arnald of Villanova to quantif... | Wikipedia - Roman mathematics | null | null | null |
Medieval philosophy is characteristically theological. Subjects discussed in this period include: The problem of the compatibility of the divine attributes: How are the attributes traditionally ascribed to the Supreme Being, such as unlimited power, knowledge of all things, infinite goodness, existence outside time, im... | Wikipedia - Medieval logic | null | null | null |
Medieval philosophy of mind is based on Aristotle's De Anima, another work discovered in the Latin West in the twelfth century. It was regarded as a branch of the philosophy of nature. Some of the topics discussed in this area include: Divine illumination – The doctrine of Divine illumination was an alternative to natu... | Wikipedia - Medieval logic | null | null | null |
The doctrine is most closely associated with Augustine and his scholastic followers. It reappeared in a different form in the early modern era. | Wikipedia - Medieval logic | null | null | null |
theories of demonstration mental representation – The idea that mental states have 'intentionality'; i.e., despite being a state of the mind, they are able to represent things outside the mind is intrinsic to the modern philosophy of mind. It has its origins in medieval philosophy. (The word 'intentionality' was revive... | Wikipedia - Medieval logic | null | null | null |
Medieval philosophy places heavy emphasis on the theological. With the possible exceptions of Avicenna and Averroes, medieval thinkers did not consider themselves philosophers at all: for them, the philosophers were the ancient pagan writers such as Plato and Aristotle. : 1 However, their theology used the methods and ... | Wikipedia - Medieval logic | null | null | null |
: 35 Despite this view of philosophy as the servant of theology, this did not prevent the medievals from developing original and innovative philosophies against the backdrop of their theological projects. For instance, such thinkers as Augustine of Hippo and Thomas of Aquinas made monumental breakthroughs in the philos... | Wikipedia - Medieval logic | null | null | null |
: 3–5 One of the most heavily debated things of the period was that of faith versus reason. Avicenna and Averroes both leaned more on the side of reason. | Wikipedia - Medieval logic | null | null | null |
Augustine stated that he would never allow his philosophical investigations to go beyond the authority of God. : 27 Anselm attempted to defend against what he saw as partly an assault on faith, with an approach allowing for both faith and reason. The Augustinian solution to the faith/reason problem is to first believe,... | Wikipedia - Medieval logic | null | null | null |
Medroxyprogesterone, also known as 6α-methyl-17α-hydroxyprogesterone or as 6α-methyl-17α-hydroxypregn-4-en-3,20-dione, is a synthetic pregnane steroid and a derivative of progesterone. It is specifically a derivative of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone with a methyl group at the C6α position. The generic name of medroxyprogeste... | Wikipedia - Medroxyprogesterone | null | null | null |
Meducation comprises simplified medication instructions and medication regimen calendars using patient-specific information from the electronic health record (EHR). All material is written at a 5th to 8th grade reading level with supporting pictograms in more than 20 languages and is designed to help reduce medication ... | Wikipedia - First Databank | null | null | null |
Medusahead was found to be susceptible to certain root rot fungi including crown rot and take-all, but it was not susceptible to barepatch, browning root rot, and common root rot. The diseases did not reduce the overall weight of the roots, but take-all significantly reduced the overall dry weight of the aboveground sh... | Wikipedia - Medusahead grass | null | null | null |
Meerkats become reproductively active at one year of age and can have up to four litters per year. However, usually it is the alpha pair that reserves the right to mate and will usually kill any young that is not their own. While the alpha female is away from the group, females that have never reproduced lactate and hu... | Wikipedia - Cooperative breeding | null | null | null |
Mefway is closely related to the research compound WAY-100,635. The compound adds a fluoromethyl group to the cyclohexyl ring of WAY-100,635 and it is effectively prepared with automation module. There are two isomers with regard to the cyclohexane ring, of which the trans conformation has the higher 5-HT1A specificity... | Wikipedia - Mefway (18F) | null | null | null |
Mega Evolution is a mechanic introduced in Pokémon X and Y, which further increases the abilities of specific Pokémon. If the player character possesses an item called the Key Stone and a Pokémon is holding a Mega Stone that corresponds to its species, that Pokémon will be able to Mega Evolve during battle. Each Pokémo... | Wikipedia - Poké Ball | null | null | null |
Primal Reversion is a mechanic introduced in Pokémon Omega Ruby and Alpha Sapphire, exclusively for the Legendary Pokémon Kyogre and Groudon. If the player gives the Blue Orb and the Red Orb to Kyogre and Groudon, respectively, the mechanic will take effect. After Kyogre and Groudon assume their Primal forms, they will... | Wikipedia - Poké Ball | null | null | null |
Kyogre will gain the Ability Primordial Sea, which will summon heavy rain, a special variation of the rain weather condition wherein all Fire-type moves are rendered useless. Groudon on the other hand gains Desolate Land, which summons extremely harsh sunlight, a special variation of harsh sunlight that makes Water-typ... | Wikipedia - Poké Ball | null | null | null |
Megabats play an important role in seed dispersal. As a result of their long evolutionary history, some plants have evolved characteristics compatible with bat senses, including fruits that are strongly scented, brightly colored, and prominently exposed away from foliage. The bright colors and positioning of the fruit ... | Wikipedia - Fruit bats | null | null | null |
Bird-consumed figs are frequently red or orange, while megabat-consumed figs are often yellow or green. Most seeds are excreted shortly after consumption due to a rapid gut transit time, but some seeds can remain in the gut for more than twelve hours. This heightens megabats' capacity to disperse seeds far from parent ... | Wikipedia - Fruit bats | null | null | null |
Megabats possess the TAS1R2 gene, meaning they have the ability to detect sweetness in foods. This gene is present among all bats except vampire bats. Like all other bats, megabats cannot taste umami, due to the absence of the TAS1R1 gene. Among other mammals, only giant pandas have been shown to lack this gene. Megaba... | Wikipedia - Fruit bat | null | null | null |
Megabats use smell to find food sources like fruit and nectar. They have keen senses of smell that rival that of the domestic dog. Tube-nosed fruit bats such as the eastern tube-nosed bat (Nyctimene robinsoni) have stereo olfaction, meaning they are able to map and follow odor plumes three-dimensionally. Along with mos... | Wikipedia - Fruit bats | null | null | null |
In flying foxes, males have enlarged androgen-sensitive sebaceous glands on their shoulders they use for scent-marking their territories, particularly during the mating season. The secretions of these glands vary by species—of the 65 chemical compounds isolated from the glands of four species, no compound was found in ... | Wikipedia - Fruit bats | null | null | null |
Megabats, especially those living on islands, have few native predators: species like the small flying fox (Pteropus hypomelanus) have no known natural predators. Non-native predators of flying foxes include domestic cats and rats. The mangrove monitor, which is a native predator for some megabat species but an introdu... | Wikipedia - Fruit bats | null | null | null |
The island is now considered a sink for the Mariana fruit bat, as its population there relies on bats immigrating from the nearby island of Rota to bolster it rather than successful reproduction. Predators that are naturally sympatric with megabats include reptiles such as crocodilians, snakes, and large lizards, as we... | Wikipedia - Fruit bats | null | null | null |
: 5 The saltwater crocodile is a known predator of megabats, based on analysis of crocodile stomach contents in northern Australia. During extreme heat events, megabats like the little red flying fox (Pteropus scapulatus) must cool off and rehydrate by drinking from waterways, making them susceptible to opportunistic d... | Wikipedia - Fruit bats | null | null | null |
Megabats, like all bats, are long-lived relative to their size for mammals. Some captive megabats have had lifespans exceeding thirty years. Relative to their sizes, megabats have low reproductive outputs and delayed sexual maturity, with females of most species not giving birth until the age of one or two. | Wikipedia - Fruit bat | null | null | null |
: 6 Some megabats appear to be able to breed throughout the year, but the majority of species are likely seasonal breeders. Mating occurs at the roost. Gestation length is variable, but is four to six months in most species. | Wikipedia - Fruit bat | null | null | null |
Different species of megabats have reproductive adaptations that lengthen the period between copulation and giving birth. Some species such as the straw-colored fruit bat have the reproductive adaptation of delayed implantation, meaning that copulation occurs in June or July, but the zygote does not implant into the ut... | Wikipedia - Fruit bat | null | null | null |
The post-implantation delay means that development of the embryo is suspended for up to eight months after implantation in the uterine wall, which is responsible for its very long pregnancies. : 6 Shorter gestation lengths are found in the greater short-nosed fruit bat (Cynopterus sphinx) with a period of three months.... | Wikipedia - Fruit bat | null | null | null |
: 85–87 In the cases of twins, it is rare that both offspring survive. Because megabats, like all bats, have low reproductive rates, their populations are slow to recover from declines.At birth, megabat offspring are, on average, 17.5% of their mother's post-partum weight. This is the smallest offspring-to-mother ratio... | Wikipedia - Fruit bat | null | null | null |
Megabat offspring are not easily categorized into the traditional categories of altricial (helpless at birth) or precocial (capable at birth). Species such as the greater short-nosed fruit bat are born with their eyes open (a sign of precocial offspring), whereas the Egyptian fruit bat offspring's eyes do not open unti... | Wikipedia - Fruit bat | null | null | null |
Megabats, like all bats, have relatively long nursing periods: offspring will nurse until they are approximately 71% of adult body mass, compared to 40% of adult body mass in non-bat mammals. Species in the genus Micropteropus wean their young by seven to eight weeks of age, whereas the Indian flying fox (Pteropus medi... | Wikipedia - Fruit bat | null | null | null |
Megafauna animals – in the sense of the largest mammals and birds – are generally K-strategists, with high longevity, slow population growth rates, low mortality rates, and (at least for the largest) few or no natural predators capable of killing adults. These characteristics, although not exclusive to such megafauna, ... | Wikipedia - Evolution of megafauna | null | null | null |
Meganucleases were first used in 1988 in mammalian cells. Meganucleases are endodeoxyribonucleases that function as restriction enzymes with long recognition sites, making them more specific to their target site than other restriction enzymes. This increases their specificity and reduces their toxicity as they will not... | Wikipedia - Genetic engineering techniques | null | null | null |
While meganucleases are still quite susceptible to off-target binding, which makes them less attractive than other gene editing tools, their smaller size still makes them attractive particularly for viral vectorization perspectives.Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), used for the first time in 1996, are typically created thr... | Wikipedia - Genetic engineering techniques | null | null | null |
Megestrol caproate, also known as megestrol 17α-caproate, as well as 17α-hydroxy-6-dehydro-6-methylprogesterone 17α-caproate or as 17α-hydroxy-6-methylpregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione 17α-caproate, is a synthetic pregnane steroid and a derivative of progesterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone. It is the C17α caproate (hexanoat... | Wikipedia - Megestrol caproate | null | null | null |
Megiddo's algorithm is based on the technique called prune and search, reducing the size of the problem by removing n 16 {\textstyle {\frac {n}{16}}} unnecessary points. That leads to the recurrence t ( n ) ≤ t ( 15 n 16 ) + c n {\displaystyle t(n)\leq t\left({\frac {15n}{16}}\right)+cn} giving t ( n ) = 16 c n {\displ... | Wikipedia - Smallest-circle problem | null | null | null |
The reduction needs to solve twice the similar problem where the center of the sought-after enclosing circle is constrained to lie on a given line. The solution of the subproblem is either the solution of the unconstrained problem or it is used to determine the half-plane where the unconstrained solution center is loca... | Wikipedia - Smallest-circle problem | null | null | null |
The median average pm of bisectors in order by their directions (oriented to the same half-plane determined by bisector p1) is found and pairs of bisectors are made, such that in each pair one bisector has direction at most pm and the other at least pm (direction p1 could be considered as − ∞ {\displaystyle \infty } or... | Wikipedia - Smallest-circle problem | null | null | null |
The constrained version of the enclosing problem is run on the line q' which determines half-plane where the center is located. The line q′ in the pm direction is placed to go through an intersection Qx' such that there are n 16 {\textstyle {\frac {n}{16}}} intersections in each half of the half-plane not containing th... | Wikipedia - Smallest-circle problem | null | null | null |
We consider the points Qk in the quadrant not contained in a half-plane containing the solution. One of the bisectors of the pair defining Qk has the direction ensuring which of points Pi defining the bisector is closer to each point in the quadrant containing the center of the enclosing circle. This point could be dis... | Wikipedia - Smallest-circle problem | null | null | null |
The constrained version of the algorithm is also solved by the prune and search technique, but reducing the problem size by removal of n 4 {\textstyle {\frac {n}{4}}} points leading to recurrence t ( n ) ≤ t ( 3 n 4 ) + c n {\displaystyle t(n)\leq t\left({\frac {3n}{4}}\right)+cn} giving t ( n ) = 4 c n {\displaystyle ... | Wikipedia - Smallest-circle problem | null | null | null |
The median M of points Qj on the line q is found and in O(n) time is determined which halfline of q starting in M contains the solution of the constrained problem. We consider points Qj from the other half. We know which of the points Pi defining Qj is closer to the each point of the halfline containing center of the e... | Wikipedia - Smallest-circle problem | null | null | null |
This point could be discarded. The half-plane where the unconstrained solution lies could be determined by the points Pi on the boundary of the constrained circle solution. (The first and last point on the circle in each half-plane suffice. If the center belongs to their convex hull, it is unconstrained solution, other... | Wikipedia - Smallest-circle problem | null | null | null |
Meiotic recombination may be initiated by double-stranded breaks that are introduced into the DNA by exposure to DNA damaging agents, or the Spo11 protein. One or more exonucleases then digest the 5' ends generated by the double-stranded breaks to produce 3' single-stranded DNA tails (see diagram). The meiosis-specific... | Wikipedia - Crossing-over (genetics) | null | null | null |
Next, the 3' end of the invading DNA primes DNA synthesis, causing displacement of the complementary strand, which subsequently anneals to the single-stranded DNA generated from the other end of the initial double-stranded break. The structure that results is a cross-strand exchange, also known as a Holliday junction. ... | Wikipedia - Crossing-over (genetics) | null | null | null |
Meitnerium is the first element on the periodic table whose chemistry has not yet been investigated. Unambiguous determination of the chemical characteristics of meitnerium has yet to have been established due to the short half-lives of meitnerium isotopes and a limited number of likely volatile compounds that could be... | Wikipedia - Meitnerium | null | null | null |
Even though the half-life of 278Mt, the most stable confirmed meitnerium isotope, is 4.5 seconds, long enough to perform chemical studies, another obstacle is the need to increase the rate of production of meitnerium isotopes and allow experiments to carry on for weeks or months so that statistically significant result... | Wikipedia - Meitnerium | null | null | null |
However, no atoms of 271Mt were detected; this isotope of meitnerium is currently unknown.An experiment determining the chemical properties of a transactinide would need to compare a compound of that transactinide with analogous compounds of some of its lighter homologues: for example, in the chemical characterization ... | Wikipedia - Meitnerium | null | null | null |
However, macroscopic amounts of the oxide would not sublimate until 1000 °C and the chloride would not until 780 °C, and then only in the presence of carbon aerosol particles: these temperatures are far too high for such procedures to be used on meitnerium, as most of the current methods used for the investigation of t... | Wikipedia - Meitnerium | null | null | null |
Mekel 300 Instant Analysis Camera (1985-?) - 300fps High speed camera (max 10 sec./cassette) | Wikipedia - Polavision | null | null | null |
Melainabacteria can be found in a range of environments, including soil, water, and animal habitats. They can be often be found in the gut of humans and in the respiratory tract, oral environments, and skin surface, though rarely. Melainabacteria is often found in natural environments such as groundwater aquifers and l... | Wikipedia - Melainabacteria | null | null | null |
Cyanobacteria bloom in freshwater systems as a result of excess nutrients and high temperatures, resulting in a scum on the water surface that resembles spilled paint. Because Melainabacteria and Cyanobacteria are related, it has raised concern because Melainabacteria thrive in groundwater systems. The genomes of Melai... | Wikipedia - Melainabacteria | null | null | null |
Melanin is a chromophore that exists in the human epidermal layer of skin responsible for protection from harmful UV radiation. When melanocytes are stimulated by solar radiation, melanin is produced. Melanin is one of the major absorbers of light in some biological tissue (although its contribution is smaller than oth... | Wikipedia - Near-infrared window in biological tissue | null | null | null |
Melanin is a class of compounds that serves as a pigment with different structures responsible for dark, tan, yellowish / reddish pigments in marine animals. It is produced as the amino acid tyrosine is converted into melanin, which is found in the skin, hair, and eyes. Derived from aerobic oxidation of phenols, they a... | Wikipedia - Fluorescence in plants | null | null | null |
There are two classes of pigments: black and brown insoluble eumelanins, which are derived from aerobic oxidation of tyrosine in the presence of tyrosinase, and the alkali-soluble phaeomelanins which range from a yellow to red brown color, arising from the deviation of the eumelanin pathway through the intervention of ... | Wikipedia - Fluorescence in plants | null | null | null |
Melanin is a derivative of the amino acid tyrosine. Eumelanin is the dominant form of melanin found in human skin. Eumelanin protects tissues and DNA from radiation damage by UV light. Melanin is produced in specialized cells called melanocytes, which are found in the lowest level of the epidermis. | Wikipedia - White skin | null | null | null |
Melanin is produced inside small membrane-bound packages called melanosomes. Humans with naturally occurring light skin have varied amounts of smaller and sparsely distributed eumelanin and its lighter-coloured relative, pheomelanin. The concentration of pheomelanin varies highly within populations from individual to i... | Wikipedia - White skin | null | null | null |
The colour associated with the circulating haemoglobin becomes more obvious, especially in the face, when arterioles dilate and become tumefied with blood as a result of prolonged physical exercise or stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system (usually embarrassment or anger). Up to 50% of UVA can penetrate deeply i... | Wikipedia - White skin | null | null | null |
However, variations in the MC1R gene sequence only have considerable influence on pigmentation in populations where red hair and extremely light skin is prevalent. The gene variation's primary effect is to promote eumelanin synthesis at the expense of pheomelanin synthesis, although this contributes to very little vari... | Wikipedia - White skin | null | null | null |
They vary from very dark to brown in colour and develop a random pattern on the skin of the individual. Solar lentigines, the other types of freckles, occur among old people regardless of skin colour. People with very light skin (types I and II) make very little melanin in their melanocytes, and have very little or no ... | Wikipedia - White skin | null | null | null |
This can result in frequent sunburns and a more dangerous, but invisible, damage done to connective tissue and DNA underlying the skin. This can contribute to premature aging and skin cancer. The strongly red appearance of lightly pigmented skin as a response to high UV radiation levels is caused by the increased diame... | Wikipedia - White skin | null | null | null |
Normal tanning is usually delayed as it takes time for the melanins to move up in the epidermis. Heavy tanning does not approach the photoprotective effect against UVR-induced DNA damage compared to naturally occurring dark skin, however it offers great protection against seasonal variations in UVR. Gradually developed... | Wikipedia - White skin | null | null | null |
Melanins are a family of dark-pigmented substances found in a wide range of organisms. Chemically they are closely related to dopamine, and there is a type of melanin, known as dopamine-melanin, that can be synthesized by oxidation of dopamine via the enzyme tyrosinase. The melanin that darkens human skin is not of thi... | Wikipedia - Prolactin-inhibiting hormone | null | null | null |
Melanoma is a type of neuroectodermal neoplasm. There are four main types of melanoma: Other histopathologic types are: Mucosal melanoma; When melanoma occurs on mucous membranes. Desmoplastic melanoma Melanoma with small nevus-like cells Melanoma with features of a Spitz nevus Uveal melanoma Vaginal melanoma Polypoid ... | Wikipedia - Malignant melanoma | null | null | null |
Melatonin Wine lactone Anthocyanone A, a degradation product of malvidin under acidic conditions | Wikipedia - Wine chemistry | null | null | null |
Melatonin and other pharmacological agents have been studied for delirium prevention, but evidence is conflicting. Avoidance or cautious use of benzodiazepines has been recommended for reducing the risk of delirium in critically ill individuals. It is unclear if the medication donepezil, a cholinesterase inhibitor, red... | Wikipedia - Impaired cognition | null | null | null |
A review of intravenous versus inhalational maintenance of anaesthesia for postoperative cognitive outcomes in elderly people undergoing non-cardiac surgery showed little or no difference in postoperative delirium according to the type of anaesthetic maintenance agents in five studies (321 participants). The authors of... | Wikipedia - Impaired cognition | null | null | null |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.