questions stringlengths 37 1.22k | reasoning stringlengths 0 3.56k ⌀ | answers stringlengths 4 138 |
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Hydrogen peroxide will decompose over time to produce _______ gas.
Here are the choices:
A. hydrogen and helium
B. water and oxygen
C. water and carbon dioxide
D. methane | Again, substances in all states of matter commonly participate in decomposition reactions. For example, hydrogen peroxide will decompose over time to produce water and oxygen gas according to the following equation:. | B: water and oxygen. |
What kind of pipettes are suitable for measuring very small amounts of liquids?
Here are the choices:
A. micropipettes
B. macropipettes
C. frozen pipettes
D. clutch pipettes | Pipettes are small, but important tools in many biology labs. Micropipettes, such as the ones shown here, are calibrated to measure very small amounts of liquids. For example, 100 microliters (100 µL) is about half the volume of your little finger tip; or even 1 µL, which is much smaller than a drop of water. | A: micropipettes. |
What is the measure of the force of gravity pulling down on an object called?
Here are the choices:
A. factor
B. mass
C. weight
D. volume | Weight is a measure of the force of gravity pulling down on an object. Buoyant force pushes up on an object. Weight and buoyant force together determine whether an object sinks or floats. This is illustrated in Figure below . | C: weight. |
Boiling points increase with which kind of mass?
Here are the choices:
A. molar mass
B. universal mass
C. protons mass
D. lipid mass | Carboxylic acids have high boiling points compared to other substances of comparable molar mass. Boiling points increase with molar mass. | A: molar mass. |
The largest absorption of heat comes during the vaporization of what?
Here are the choices:
A. liquid water
B. ice
C. magma
D. carbon dioxide | The total heat absorbed as the ice at -30°C is heated to steam at 140°C is 113.4 kJ. The largest absorption of heat comes during the vaporization of the liquid water. | A: liquid water. |
What do fungi absorb to get their nutrition?
Here are the choices:
A. soil
B. organic compounds from other organisms
C. water
D. air | Most fungi grow on moist soil or rotting vegetation such as dead logs. Some fungi live in water. Others live in or on other organisms. Fungi get their nutrition by absorbing organic compounds from other organisms. The other organisms may be dead or alive, depending on the fungus. | B: organic compounds from other organisms. |
The variable is the speed of light. for the relationship to hold mathematically, if the speed of light is used in m/s, the wavelength must be in meters and the frequency in what?
Here are the choices:
A. centimeters
B. hertz
C. miles
D. gigawatts | The variable is the speed of light. For the relationship to hold mathematically, if the speed of light is used in m/s, the wavelength must be in meters and the frequency in Hertz. | B: hertz. |
A yolk sac replaces what structure for nourishing a marsupial embryo?
Here are the choices:
A. Stomach
B. uterus
C. glucose
D. placenta | The marsupial embryo is nourished inside the uterus with food from a yolk sac instead of through a placenta. The yolk sac stores enough food for the short period of time the embryo remains in the uterus. After the embryo is born, it moves into the mother’s pouch, where it clings to a nipple. It remains inside the pouch... | D: placenta. |
What is the pressure of gas in a gas mixture termed?
Here are the choices:
A. partial pressure
B. gaseous pressure
C. partial energy
D. gaseous energy | The pressure of a gas in a gas mixture is termed the partial pressure. | A: partial pressure. |
Making ups about 50 percent of the modern american diet, what food group can be classified according to the number of monomers they contain of simple sugars and/or complex sugars?
Here are the choices:
A. fats
B. grains
C. proteins
D. carbohydrates | Carbohydrate Digestion The average American diet is about 50 percent carbohydrates, which may be classified according to the number of monomers they contain of simple sugars (monosaccharides and disaccharides) and/or complex sugars (polysaccharides). Glucose, galactose, and fructose are the three monosaccharides that a... | D: carbohydrates. |
What is the process of the fusion of a sperm and an egg called?
Here are the choices:
A. embryo
B. fertilization
C. Sperm
D. stimulation | Fertilization The fusion of a sperm and an egg is a process called fertilization. This can occur either inside ( internal fertilization) or outside ( external fertilization) the body of the female. Humans provide an example of the former, whereas frog reproduction is an example of the latter. | B: fertilization. |
What is the motion that moves the forearm from the supinated position to the pronated position?
Here are the choices:
A. pronation
B. supination
C. extension
D. flexion | Supination and Pronation Supination and pronation are movements of the forearm. In the anatomical position, the upper limb is held next to the body with the palm facing forward. This is the supinated position of the forearm. In this position, the radius and ulna are parallel to each other. When the palm of the hand fac... | A: pronation. |
What organ system consists of the skin, nails and hair?
Here are the choices:
A. digestive system
B. integumentary system
C. endocrine system
D. nervous system | The skin is the major organ of the integumentary system , which also includes the nails and hair. In fact, the skin is the body’s largest organ, and a remarkable one at that. Consider these skin facts. The average square inch (6.5 cm 2 ) of skin has 20 blood vessels, 650 sweat glands, and more than a thousand nerve end... | B: integumentary system. |
What does it mean to be a diploid organism?
Here are the choices:
A. organism has two copies of each gene
B. micelles have two copies of each gene
C. yolk has two copies of each gene
D. taproot has two copies of each gene | Early land plants also evolved a dominant sporophyte generation. Sporophytes are diploid, so they have two copies of each gene. This gives them a "back-up" copy in case of mutation. This was important for coping with the strong solar radiation and higher risk of mutations on land. | A: organism has two copies of each gene. |
What do you call the carbohydrate formed when two monosaccharides bond together?
Here are the choices:
A. hydroxyl
B. glucose
C. calcite
D. disaccharide | If two monosaccharides bond together, they form a carbohydrate called a disaccharide . An example of a disaccharide is sucrose (table sugar), which consists of the monosaccharides glucose and fructose ( Figure above ). Monosaccharides and disaccharides are also called simple sugars . They provide the major source of en... | D: disaccharide. |
What is the term for a resource that is used in a way that meets the needs of the present without keeping future generations from meeting their needs?
Here are the choices:
A. structural
B. innovative
C. tolerable
D. sustainable | A resource is renewable if it is remade by natural processes at the same rate that humans use it up. Sunlight and wind are renewable resources because they will not be used up ( Figure below ). The rising and falling of ocean tides is another example of a resource in unlimited supply. A sustainable resource is a resour... | D: sustainable. |
The genes that code for the positive cell cycle regulators are called what?
Here are the choices:
A. primary genes
B. ribosomes
C. proto-oncogenes
D. stem cell genes | Proto-oncogenes The genes that code for the positive cell cycle regulators are called proto-oncogenes. Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that, when mutated in certain ways, become oncogenes, genes that cause a cell to become cancerous. Consider what might happen to the cell cycle in a cell with a recently acquired oncog... | C: proto-oncogenes. |
What are essential for pollination, but can spread disease and destroy crops?
Here are the choices:
A. insects
B. mice
C. fruits
D. spiders | Insects spread disease and destroy crops. However, they are essential for pollinating flowering plants. | A: insects. |
Branching food chains and complex trophic interactions form what?
Here are the choices:
A. food maps
B. food fields
C. food webs
D. food trees | C: food webs. | |
The chemical behavior of elements can largely be explained by what?
Here are the choices:
A. chemical configuration
B. electron configurations
C. neutron configuration
D. proton configuration | The chemical behavior of elements can largely be explained by electron configurations. | B: electron configurations. |
Metalloids, metals, and nonmetals are all classes of what?
Here are the choices:
A. protons
B. matter
C. elements
D. compounds | Metalloids are the smallest class of elements. (The other two classes of elements are metals and nonmetals). There are just six metalloids. In addition to silicon, they include boron, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium. Metalloids fall between metals and nonmetals in the periodic table. They also fall between ... | C: elements. |
How does air always flow?
Here are the choices:
A. low to high
B. high to low
C. left to right
D. in to out | Cold air is dense, so it sinks. This creates a center of high pressure. Warm air is less dense so it rises. This creates a center of low pressure. Air always flows from higher to lower pressure. As the air flows, Earth’s surface rotates below it causing Coriolis effect. So while the wind blows into the low pressure, it... | B: high to low. |
What type of invisible waves are used in microwaves?
Here are the choices:
A. radiation
B. convection
C. thermal
D. electric | Did you ever wonder how a microwave works? It directs invisible waves of radiation toward the food placed inside of it. The radiation transfers energy to the food, causing it to get warmer. The radiation is in the form of microwaves, which are a type of electromagnetic waves. | A: radiation. |
Which muscular organ pumps blood all around your body?
Here are the choices:
A. lungs
B. heart
C. stomach
D. pancreas | When you think of muscles, you might think of biceps and the external muscles you see in a bodybuilder. However, some muscles are found deep inside your body. The heart, for example, is a very muscular organ. It has to pump blood all around your body. | B: heart. |
What causes the changes of puberty?
Here are the choices:
A. estrogen
B. glucose
C. testosterone
D. insulin | During adolescence, estrogen causes the changes of puberty. It causes the reproductive organs to mature. It also causes other female traits to develop. For example, it causes the breasts to grow and the hips to widen. | A: estrogen. |
If a sedimentary rock layer is not horizontal, what is it?
Here are the choices:
A. striated
B. deformed
C. mineralized
D. igneous | Sedimentary rock layers that are not horizontal are deformed. | B: deformed. |
What system, which includes the skin, plays important roles in protection, sensing stimuli and thermoregulation?
Here are the choices:
A. integumentary system
B. digestive system
C. teleporters system
D. pectins system | 5.3 Functions of the Integumentary System The skin plays important roles in protection, sensing stimuli, thermoregulation, and vitamin D synthesis. It is the first layer of defense to prevent dehydration, infection, and injury to the rest of the body. Sweat glands in the skin allow the skin surface to cool when the bod... | A: integumentary system. |
What type of plant tissue transports water and dissolved mineral upward to the leaves?
Here are the choices:
A. xylem
B. ectoderm
C. collagen
D. phloem | Xylem carries water and dissolved minerals from the roots upward to the leaves. | A: xylem. |
What can lenses be used to make?
Here are the choices:
A. visual representations
B. function representations
C. aspect representations
D. comparison representations | Lenses can be used to make visual representations, called images . | A: visual representations. |
Surface tension is a property of matter that is in what state?
Here are the choices:
A. Base
B. water
C. liquid
D. mixture | Molecules within a liquid are pulled equally in all directions by intermolecular forces. However, molecules at the surface are pulled downwards and sideways by other liquid molecules, but not upwards away from the surface. The overall effect is that the surface molecules are pulled into the liquid, creating a surface t... | C: liquid. |
Amphibians have permeable skin which allows for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, what is this "breathing called?"
Here are the choices:
A. aquatic respiration
B. variant respiration
C. cutaneous respiration
D. benign respiration | Characteristics of Amphibians As tetrapods, most amphibians are characterized by four well-developed limbs. Some species of salamanders and all caecilians are functionally limbless; their limbs are vestigial. An important characteristic of extant amphibians is a moist, permeable skin that is achieved via mucus glands t... | C: cutaneous respiration. |
What is the main component of paper, cardboard, and textiles made from cotton, linen, and other plant fibers?
Here are the choices:
A. cambium
B. pulp
C. vascular tissue
D. cellulose | Cellulose is another polymer of glucose, consisting of anywhere from hundreds to over ten thousand monomers. It is the structural component of the cell walls of green plants and is the single most common organic molecule on Earth. Roughly 33% of all plant matter is cellulose. The linkage structure in cellulose is diffe... | D: cellulose. |
What theory explains the physical behavior of gases?
Here are the choices:
A. relativity theory of gases
B. quantum theory of gases
C. thermodynamic theory of gases
D. kinetic theory of gases | The physical behavior of gases is explained by the kinetic theory of gases. | D: kinetic theory of gases. |
Only finished mrnas are exported from the nucleus to what?
Here are the choices:
A. cerebellum
B. cytoplasm
C. amino acids
D. electron | 9.3 Transcription In prokaryotes, mRNA synthesis is initiated at a promoter sequence on the DNA template. Elongation synthesizes new mRNA. Termination liberates the mRNA and occurs by mechanisms that stall the RNA polymerase and cause it to fall off the DNA template. Newly transcribed eukaryotic mRNAs are modified with... | B: cytoplasm. |
What is the largest artery in the body called?
Here are the choices:
A. carotid
B. subclavian
C. femoral
D. aorta | Arteries are muscular blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. They have thick walls that can withstand the pressure of blood being pumped by the heart. Arteries generally carry oxygen-rich blood. The largest artery is the aorta , which receives blood directly from the heart. | D: aorta. |
What type of change has occurred when a copper penny changes color?
Here are the choices:
A. reactive change
B. contamination change
C. carbon change
D. chemical change | Some of these pennies are shiny and copper colored. That’s how pennies look when they are new. The older pennies are dull and brown. Copper at the surface of these pennies has combined with air to become a different substance with different properties. The change in color shows that a chemical change has occurred. | D: chemical change. |
A switch in a circuit controls the flow of what, specifically, within the circuit?
Here are the choices:
A. pressure
B. density
C. resistance
D. current | Many circuits have switches to control the flow of current through the circuit. When the switch is turned on, the circuit is closed and current can flow through it. When the switch is turned off, the circuit is open and current cannot flow through it. | D: current. |
What causes fertilization to occur?
Here are the choices:
A. sperm and an egg fuse
B. genetic and an egg fuse
C. tissue and an egg fuse
D. accumulation and an egg fuse | Many animals have a relatively simple life cycle. A general animal life cycle is shown in Figure below . Most animals spend the majority of their life as diploid organisms. Just about all animals reproduce sexually. Diploid adults undergo meiosis to produce sperm or eggs. Fertilization occurs when a sperm and an egg fu... | A: sperm and an egg fuse. |
Because they spread seeds, fruits are an agent of what?
Here are the choices:
A. disposal
B. predation
C. propagation
D. dispersal | Fruit The seed forms in an ovary, which enlarges as the seeds grow. As the seed develops, the walls of the ovary also thicken and form the fruit. In botany, a fruit is a fertilized and fully grown, ripened ovary. Many foods commonly called vegetables are actually fruit. Eggplants, zucchini, string beans, and bell peppe... | D: dispersal. |
Proto-oncogenes normally help regulate what?
Here are the choices:
A. cell transition
B. cell division
C. cell function
D. cell death | B: cell division. | |
The "double helix" shape is associated with what substance found in cells?
Here are the choices:
A. bacteria
B. dna
C. genes
D. plasma | data are passed to new generations; and even how proteins are built to required specifications. All these abilities depend on the pairing of complementary bases. Figure 19.7 "Complementary Base Pairing" shows the two sets of base pairs and illustrates two things. First, a pyrimidine is paired with a purine in each case... | B: dna. |
What do you call the physical environment in which a species lives and to which it is adapted?
Here are the choices:
A. ecosystem
B. environment
C. domain
D. habitat | An ecosystem consists of all the biotic and abiotic factors in an area and their interactions. A niche refers to the role of a species in its ecosystem. A habitat is the physical environment in which a species lives and to which it is adapted. Two different species cannot occupy the same niche in the same place for ver... | D: habitat. |
What is the outer core made of?
Here are the choices:
A. solid rock
B. compressed air
C. liquid metal
D. solid iron | Yes! The outer core, anyway. The outer core is liquid metal, like in this photo. Of course, the metal is under an incredible amount of pressure. | C: liquid metal. |
What type of eukaryotes are protists normally?
Here are the choices:
A. multicellular
B. photosynthetic
C. unicellular
D. immature | Most protists are so small that they can be seen only with a microscope. Protists are mostly unicellular (one-celled) eukaryotes. A few protists are multicellular (many-celled) and surprisingly large. For example, kelp is a multicellular protist that can grow to be over 100-meters long ( Figure below ). Multicellular p... | C: unicellular. |
An inclined plane is a good example of what kind of machine?
Here are the choices:
A. strong
B. complex
C. simple
D. weak | An inclined plane is also a simple machine. The resistance is the weight of the box resting on the inclined plane. In order to lift this box straight up, the effort force would need to be equal to its weight. However, assuming no friction, less effort (a smaller effort force) is required to slide the box up the incline... | C: simple. |
The pressure of a sample of gas is measured with an open-end what?
Here are the choices:
A. manometer
B. thermometer
C. barometer
D. altimeter | The pressure of a sample of gas is measured with an open-end manometer, partially shown to the right. The liquid in the manometer is mercury. Assuming atmospheric pressure is 29.92 in. Hg, determine the pressure of the gas in: (a) torr (b) Pa (c) bar. | A: manometer. |
Bog destruction in scotland is an example of the widespread loss of what kind of habitat?
Here are the choices:
A. desert
B. tundra
C. ocean
D. wetland | A habitat that is quickly being destroyed is the wetland . By the 1980s, over 80% of all wetlands in parts of the U. S. were destroyed. In Europe, many wetland species have gone extinct. For example, many bogs in Scotland have been lost because of human development. | D: wetland. |
What part of the plant has a root end and a shoot end?
Here are the choices:
A. axis
B. radius
C. leaves
D. pistol | A: axis. | |
Hardness, density, color, and melting and boiling points are all considered what types of properties?
Here are the choices:
A. visible
B. physical
C. thermal
D. chemical | Physical properties include color, density, hardness, and melting and boiling points. | B: physical. |
Low levels of thyroid hormones in the blood cause the release of what by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland?
Here are the choices:
A. enzymes
B. bases
C. hormones
D. acids | You can see an example of a negative feedback loop in Figure below . It shows how levels of thyroid hormones regulate the thyroid gland. This loop involves the hypothalamus and pituitary gland as well as the thyroid gland. Low levels of thyroid hormones in the blood cause the release of hormones by the hypothalamus and... | C: hormones. |
The energy changes in what reactions are enormous compared with those of even the most energetic chemical reactions, and they result in a measurable change of mass?
Here are the choices:
A. molecular reaction
B. nuclear reactions
C. methane combustion
D. metabolic reaction | To understand the differences between nuclear fission and fusion. Nuclear reactions, like chemical reactions, are accompanied by changes in energy. The energy changes in nuclear reactions, however, are enormous compared with those of even the most energetic chemical reactions. In fact, the energy changes in a typical n... | B: nuclear reactions. |
What type of chemistry is the study of the composition of matter?
Here are the choices:
A. analytical
B. philosophical
C. symbolic
D. reactive | Analytical chemistry is the study of the composition of matter. It focuses on separating, identifying, and quantifying chemicals in samples of matter. An analytical chemist may use complex instruments to analyze an unknown material in order to determine its various components. | A: analytical. |
Scientists did not actually see viruses until what was invented?
Here are the choices:
A. telescope
B. magnifying glass
C. electron microscope
D. electronic scale | Scientists did not actually see viruses for the first time until the 1930s. That’s when the electron microscope was invented. The virus shown in Figure below was the first one to be seen. | C: electron microscope. |
Regularly done aerobic activities can help build up endurance and make what vital organ stronger?
Here are the choices:
A. skin
B. heart
C. stomach
D. brain | Tim Wilson. Regularly done aerobic activities can help build up endurance and make the heart stronger . CC BY 2.0. | B: heart. |
What do all chemical sections need to get started?
Here are the choices:
A. pressure
B. energy
C. work
D. speed | The bonds between the atoms need to be rearranged. That is the definition of a chemical reaction. And all chemical sections need energy to get started. | B: energy. |
What do people apply to their lawns that causes water pollution?
Here are the choices:
A. water
B. chemicals
C. manure
D. seeds | People pollute water when they apply excess chemicals to their lawn. They may also dispose of pollutants incorrectly. | B: chemicals. |
What do vertebrates possess that is made up of repeating bony units?
Here are the choices:
A. spinal cord
B. notochord
C. vertebral column
D. skull | repeating bony units that make up the vertebral column of vertebrates. | C: vertebral column. |
How long does it take for earth to rotate on it's axis one time?
Here are the choices:
A. 26 hours
B. 12 hours
C. 24 hours
D. 6 hours | Earth rotates on its axis every 24 hours. | C: 24 hours. |
In what system can energy change forms but the total amount of energy stay constant?
Here are the choices:
A. open
B. primary
C. heterogeneous
D. closed | In a closed system, energy may change forms but the total amount of energy is constant. | D: closed. |
What characteristics of an organism help it survive?
Here are the choices:
A. additions
B. adaptations
C. Changes
D. systems | Some of the characteristics an organism has may help it survive. These characteristics are called adaptations . Some adaptations are better than others. | B: adaptations. |
The major component of a solution is called what?
Here are the choices:
A. solute
B. mixture
C. solvent
D. water | The major component of a solution is called the solvent. The minor component of a solution is called the solute. By major and minor we mean whichever component has the greater presence by mass or by moles. Sometimes this becomes confusing, especially with substances with very different molar masses. However, here we wi... | C: solvent. |
What type of pollution is generated by power plants and factories that can directly raise the temperature of water?
Here are the choices:
A. atmospheric pollution
B. Space Pollution
C. thermal pollution
D. variable pollution | Thermal pollution raises the temperature of water. It is commonly caused by power plants and factories. The change in temperature can kill fish and other water organisms. | C: thermal pollution. |
Nearly all of what are constructed from a set of just 20 common amino acids?
Here are the choices:
A. complex proteins
B. artifical proteins
C. biological proteins
D. mammal proteins | Nearly all biological proteins are constructed from a set of just 20 common amino acids. The names, abbreviations, and other information for each of these amino acids are presented in the Table below . | C: biological proteins. |
What takes place when water on earth’s surface changes to water vapor?
Here are the choices:
A. condensation
B. transpiration
C. absorption
D. evaporation | Evaporation takes place when water on Earth’s surface changes to water vapor. The sun heats the water and gives water molecules enough energy to escape into the atmosphere. Most evaporation occurs from the surface of the ocean. | D: evaporation. |
The muscles of the anterior neck assist in deglutition also known as what?
Here are the choices:
A. swallowing
B. pulling
C. staring
D. breathing | carbon atoms and the properties that result from that bonding. Hydrocarbons with only carbon-to-carbon single bonds (C–C) and existing as a continuous chain of carbon atoms also bonded to hydrogen atoms are called alkanes (or saturated hydrocarbons). Saturated, in this case, means that each carbon atom is bonded to fou... | A: swallowing. |
Cells infected with viruses secrete what example of early induced proteins, which travel to adjacent cells and induce them to make antiviral proteins, a sacrifice that protects the surrounding cells?
Here are the choices:
A. hormones
B. metabolites
C. interferons
D. prokaryotes | Early induced Proteins Early induced proteins are those that are not constitutively present in the body, but are made as they are needed early during the innate immune response. Interferons are an example of early induced proteins. Cells infected with viruses secrete interferons that travel to adjacent cells and induce... | C: interferons. |
What term is used to describe changes to an organism’s dna and are an important driver of diversity in populations?
Here are the choices:
A. adaptations
B. evolutions
C. pathogens
D. mutations | Mutation Mutations are changes to an organism’s DNA and are an important driver of diversity in populations. Species evolve because of the accumulation of mutations that occur over time. The appearance of new mutations is the most common way to introduce novel genotypic and phenotypic variance. Some mutations are unfav... | D: mutations. |
Molecules with a carboxyl group are called what?
Here are the choices:
A. carboxylic acids
B. catalyzed acids
C. acetic acids
D. Fatty acids | Molecules with a carboxyl group are called carboxylic acids. As with aldehydes, the functional group in carboxylic acids is at the end of a carbon chain. Also as with aldehydes, the C atom in the functional group is counted as one of the C atoms that defines the parent hydrocarbon name. To name carboxylic acids, the pa... | A: carboxylic acids. |
What type of galaxies have a rotating disk of stars and dust, a bulge in the middle, and several arms?
Here are the choices:
A. spiral galaxies
B. pinwheel galaxies
C. round galaxies
D. spherical galaxies | Spiral galaxies have a rotating disk of stars and dust, a bulge in the middle, and several arms spiraling out from the center. The disk and arms contain many young, blue stars. | A: spiral galaxies. |
How is carbon dioxide and water vapor that is produced by cellular respiration released?
Here are the choices:
A. evaporation
B. fermentation
C. exhalation
D. peroxidation | A: Breathing consists of inhaling and exhaling, and its purpose is to move gases into and out of the body. Oxygen needed for cellular respiration is brought into the body with each inhalation. Carbon dioxide and water vapor produced by cellular respiration are released from the body with each exhalation. | C: exhalation. |
What occurs when there are differences in fitness among a population?
Here are the choices:
A. natural selection
B. natural change
C. evolution
D. natural process | Natural selection occurs when there are differences in fitness among members of a population. As a result, some individuals pass more genes to the next generation. This causes allele frequencies to change. | A: natural selection. |
A group of living things and their environment is called what?
Here are the choices:
A. population
B. ecosystem
C. community
D. biome | An ecosystem is a group of living things and their environment. The word ecosystem is short for “ecological system. ” Like any system, an ecosystem is a group of parts that work together. You can see examples of ecosystems in Figure below . The forest pictured is a big ecosystem. Besides trees, what living things do yo... | B: ecosystem. |
Iridescent green beetles, known as jewel beetles, change color because of the light-reflecting properties of the cells that make up this?
Here are the choices:
A. their scales
B. their wings
C. their hairs
D. their external skeleton | Each section contains a liquid crystal sample with a different liquid crystalline range. The section whose liquid crystalline range corresponds to the temperature of the body becomes translucent (here shown in green), indicating the temperature. We also see the effect of liquid crystals in nature. Iridescent green beet... | D: their external skeleton. |
The effects of which kind of selection are larger than the effects of direct natural selection on individuals?
Here are the choices:
A. topical selection
B. stranger selection
C. unnatural selection
D. kin selection | D: kin selection. | |
Superconductors are materials with a resistivity of?
Here are the choices:
A. high magnitude
B. greater density
C. above zero
D. zero | 34.6 High-temperature Superconductors Superconductors are materials with a resistivity of zero. They are familiar to the general public because of their practical applications and have been mentioned at a number of points in the text. Because the resistance of a piece of superconductor is zero, there are no heat losses... | D: zero. |
What affects how high a cake rises when it bakes?
Here are the choices:
A. air movement
B. air pressure
C. air currents
D. current pressure | Air pressure affects how high a cake rises when it bakes. Directions for cake mixes often have special high altitude instructions, like those on the label below. Explain why. | B: air pressure. |
Binary fission is an example of which type of production?
Here are the choices:
A. asexual
B. primitive
C. sexual
D. algal | Binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction. It occurs when a parent cell splits into two identical daughter cells. This can result in very rapid population growth. For example, under ideal conditions, bacterial populations can double every 20 minutes. Such rapid population growth is an adaptation to an unstable e... | A: asexual. |
What type of field does earth have?
Here are the choices:
A. force field
B. atmospheric
C. magnetic
D. seismic | Earth has a magnetic field ( Figure below ). The magnetic field has north and south poles. The field extends several thousand kilometers into space. Earth’s magnetic field is created by the movements of molten metal in the outer core. | C: magnetic. |
Single bonds allow the atoms they join to rotate freely about the what?
Here are the choices:
A. nucleus
B. electron shell
C. bond axis
D. atomic orbit | C: bond axis. | |
Preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past are known as what?
Here are the choices:
A. deposits
B. skulls
C. archives
D. fossils | Fossils are preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past. Most preserved remains are hard parts, such as teeth, bones, or shells. Examples of these kinds of fossils are pictured in Figure below . Preserved traces can include footprints, burrows, or even wastes. Examples of trace fossils are also show... | D: fossils. |
Co 2 , h 2 o, methane, o 3 , nitrous oxides (no and no 2 ), and chlorofluorocarbons (cfcs) are known as what type of gases?
Here are the choices:
A. chemical gases
B. greenhouse gases
C. carbonate gases
D. hydrogen gases | Greenhouse gases include CO 2 , H 2 O, methane, O 3 , nitrous oxides (NO and NO 2 ), and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). All are a normal part of the atmosphere except CFCs. The table below shows how each greenhouse gas naturally enters the atmosphere ( Table below ). | B: greenhouse gases. |
A black solid by itself, this element is incredibly important because of what it makes when it combines with many other elements, including oxygen?
Here are the choices:
A. carbon
B. hydrogen
C. dioxide
D. lead | Carbon is an element. By itself, it’s a black solid. You can see a lump of carbon in Figure below . Carbon is incredibly important because of what it makes when it combines with many other elements. Carbon can form a wide variety of substances. For example, in the air, carbon combines with oxygen to form the gas carbon... | A: carbon. |
Radar maps of venus show that it has mountains, canyons and volcanoes surrounded by plains of what?
Here are the choices:
A. grasses
B. helium
C. lava
D. water | Radar maps of Venus show that it has mountains, canyons and volcanoes surrounded by plains of lava. | C: lava. |
Bones are part of which body system?
Here are the choices:
A. muscular system
B. skeletal system
C. hard system
D. circulation system | The brain and spinal cord are protected within bones of the skeletal system, but injuries to these organs still occur. With mild injuries, there may be no lasting effects. With severe injuries, there may be permanent disability or even death. | B: skeletal system. |
Name the 2 types of carbohydrates?
Here are the choices:
A. simple and complex
B. simple and nuclear
C. simple and thermal
D. simple and structural | Carbohydrates are nutrients that include sugars, starches, and fiber. There are two types of carbohydrates: simple and complex. Pictured below are some foods that are good sources of carbohydrates ( Figure below ). | A: simple and complex. |
The lungs are a series of ever-narrowing tubes that end in a myriad of tiny sacs called what?
Here are the choices:
A. brachii
B. glands
C. alveoli
D. testes | Breathing certainly is a major contribution to your health! Without breathing, we could not survive. Curiously, the act of breathing itself is little more than an application of Boyle’s law. The lungs are a series of ever-narrowing tubes that end in a myriad of tiny sacs called alveoli. It is in the alveoli that oxygen... | C: alveoli. |
Fish and other aquatic organisms use gills to capture dissolved what?
Here are the choices:
A. sulfur
B. nitrogen
C. food
D. oxygen | Gases are also capable of dissolving in liquids. There are many examples of this in our everyday lives. For example, carbonated beverages contain dissolved carbon dioxide. We notice this when bubbles come out of solution when the beverage is opened. Another example is when oxygen from the air we breathe dissolves in ou... | D: oxygen. |
What phase of a human life does not have a definite starting point?
Here are the choices:
A. death
B. adulthood
C. adolescence
D. childhood | Adulthood does not have a definite starting point. A person may be physically mature by age 16 or 17 but not defined as an adult by law until older ages. In the U. S. , you can’t join the armed forces or vote until age 18. You can’t buy or use alcohol or take on many legal and financial responsibilities until age 21. | B: adulthood. |
Where do all plants come from?
Here are the choices:
A. distant ancestors
B. terrestrial ancestors
C. phylogenetic ancestors
D. cetacean ancestors | All plants are adapted to live on land. Or are they? All living plants today have terrestrial ancestors, but some plants now live in the water. They have had to evolve new adaptations for their watery habitat. | B: terrestrial ancestors. |
The esophagus runs a mainly straight route through the mediastinum of what?
Here are the choices:
A. lungs
B. liver
C. stomach
D. thorax | Figure 23.13, the esophagus runs a mainly straight route through the mediastinum of the thorax. To enter the abdomen, the esophagus penetrates the diaphragm through an opening called the esophageal hiatus. | D: thorax. |
What chambers are responsible for pumping blood out of the heart?
Here are the choices:
A. valves
B. vacuoles
C. ventricles
D. cells | C: ventricles. | |
What's the term for the period during which women's ovaries stop producing eggs?
Here are the choices:
A. adolescence
B. menopause
C. puberty
D. maturity | For most women, menstrual cycles continue until their mid- or late- forties. Then women go through menopause , a period during which their menstrual cycles slow down and eventually stop, generally by their early fifties. After menopause, women can no longer reproduce naturally because their ovaries no longer produce eg... | B: menopause. |
What is the set of steps that scientists use to learn about the world?
Here are the choices:
A. Socratic method
B. rhythm method
C. philosophic method
D. scientific method | Sometime in your life you've asked a question about the world around you. Probably you've asked a lot of questions over the years. The best way to answer questions about the natural world is by using science. Scientists ask questions every day, and then use a set of steps to answer those questions. The steps are known ... | D: scientific method. |
Which are the closest living relations to land plants?
Here are the choices:
A. sporozoans
B. arthropods
C. charophytes
D. mammals | outcompete the green tint of chlorophyll, making these species appear as varying shades of red. Other protists classified as red algae lack phycoerythrins and are parasites. Red algae are common in tropical waters where they have been detected at depths of 260 meters. Other red algae exist in terrestrial or freshwater ... | C: charophytes. |
In vertebrates, what structure runs from the brain to the tail end of the backbone?
Here are the choices:
A. spinal cord
B. ribcage
C. aortic valve
D. backbone | Vertebrates have a centralized nervous system. As shown in Figure below , the nervous system consists of a brain in the head region. It also includes a long spinal cord that runs from the brain to the tail end of the backbone. Long nerve fibers extend from the spinal cord to muscles and organs throughout the body. | A: spinal cord. |
What is it called when the chance that a certain event will occur?
Here are the choices:
A. mutation
B. difficulty
C. probability
D. procession | Probability is the chance that a certain event will occur. For example, the probability of a head turning up on any given coin toss is 50 percent. | C: probability. |
What is the hardest of all minerals?
Here are the choices:
A. gold
B. titanium
C. platinum
D. diamonds | Diamonds like the one pictured in the Figure below are the hardest of all minerals. Is a diamond a crystalline or an amorphous solid? How do you know?. | D: diamonds. |
When bread bakes, yeast releases which gas?
Here are the choices:
A. oxygen
B. carbon monoxide
C. carbon dioxide
D. hydrogen | When bread bakes, yeast releases carbon dioxide gas, forming the small holes in bread. The gas was produced by alcoholic fermentation carried out by yeast. | C: carbon dioxide. |
What nervous tissue cells play a supporting role to neurons?
Here are the choices:
A. axial cells
B. mammalian cells
C. glial cells
D. reissner cells | Glial Cells Glial cells, or neuroglia or simply glia, are the other type of cell found in nervous tissue. They are considered to be supporting cells, and many functions are directed at helping neurons complete their function for communication. The name glia comes from the Greek word that means “glue,” and was coined by... | C: glial cells. |
Use of oil-consuming bacteria to clean up an oil spill is an example of what?
Here are the choices:
A. bioremediation
B. coagulation
C. biodegradation
D. generation | Using Prokaryotes to Clean up Our Planet: Bioremediation Microbial bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes (or microbial metabolism) to remove pollutants. Bioremediation has been used to remove agricultural chemicals (pesticides and fertilizers) that leach from soil into groundwater. Certain toxic metals, such as sele... | A: bioremediation. |
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