questions stringlengths 37 1.22k | reasoning stringlengths 0 3.56k ⌀ | answers stringlengths 4 138 |
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What is the study of matter and the changes that material substances undergo.
Here are the choices:
A. physiology
B. biology
C. geology
D. chemistry | Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes that material substances undergo. Of all the scientific disciplines, it is perhaps the most extensively connected to other fields of study. Geologists who want to locate new mineral or oil deposits use chemical techniques to analyze and identify rock samples. Oceanograph... | D: chemistry. |
What occurs when the presence or absence of a specific behavior prevents reproduction from taking place?
Here are the choices:
A. spontaneous mutation
B. natural selection
C. primary speciation
D. behavioral isolation | Behavioral isolation occurs when the presence or absence of a specific behavior prevents reproduction from taking place. For example, male fireflies use specific light patterns to attract females. Various species of fireflies display their lights differently. If a male of one species tried to attract the female of anot... | D: behavioral isolation. |
Why have rivers in arid regions been reduced to trickles?
Here are the choices:
A. diversion of water
B. rainforest destruction
C. global warming
D. emigration | A: diversion of water. | |
Having extra chromosomes or damaged chromosomes can cause what?
Here are the choices:
A. deformities
B. disorders
C. problems
D. diseases | Some children are born with genetic defects that are not carried by a single gene. Instead, an error in a larger part of the chromosome or even in an entire chromosome causes the disorder. Usually the error happens when the egg or sperm is forming. Having extra chromosomes or damaged chromosomes can cause disorders. | B: disorders. |
What do farmers use greenhouses for?
Here are the choices:
A. to allow the growing season
B. to decrease the growing season
C. to extend the growing season
D. to predict the growing season | Farmers use greenhouses to extend the growing season. A greenhouse traps heat. Days that are too cool for a growing plant can be made to be just right. Similar to a greenhouse, greenhouse gases in the atmosphere keep Earth warm. | C: to extend the growing season. |
What is it called when two waves in the same medium pass one another?
Here are the choices:
A. interference
B. frequency
C. synchrony
D. accumulation | Any two waves in the same medium undergo wave interference as they pass each other. At the location where the two waves collide, the result is essentially a summation of the two waves. In some places, a wave crest from one source will overlap a wave crest from the other source. Since both waves are lifting the medium, ... | A: interference. |
Which forests are found throughout the ocean in temperate and arctic climates?
Here are the choices:
A. kelp
B. mangrove
C. cedar
D. coral reefs | Multicellular seaweeds called kelp may grow as large as trees. They are the food base of ecosystems called kelp forests (see Figure below ). Kelp forests are found throughout the ocean in temperate and arctic climates. They are highly productive ecosystems. | A: kelp. |
What is the type of cancer in which bone marrow produces abnormal white blood cells that cannot fight infections?
Here are the choices:
A. leukemia
B. pneumonia
C. lymphedema
D. melanoma | type of cancer in which bone marrow produces abnormal white blood cells that cannot fight infections. | A: leukemia. |
Mechanical energy can also usually be expressed as the sum of kinetic energy and what other kind of energy?
Here are the choices:
A. directional energy
B. reflective energy
C. partial energy
D. potential energy | Kinetic and potential energy add up to mechanical energy. | D: potential energy. |
What kind of bonds are forces of attraction between positive metal ions and the valence electrons that are constantly moving around them?
Here are the choices:
A. metallic bonds
B. neutron bonds
C. ionized bonds
D. liquid bonds | Metallic bonds are forces of attraction between positive metal ions and the valence electrons that are constantly moving around them (see the Figure below ). The valence electrons include their own and those of other, nearby ions of the same metal. The valence electrons of metals move freely in this way because metals ... | A: metallic bonds. |
Aldehydes and ketones can work weak hydrogen bonds with water through what atom?
Here are the choices:
A. pyridinium oxygen atom
B. basalt oxygen atom
C. carbonyl oxygen atom
D. carbon carbon atom | Aldehydes and ketones can work weak hydrogen bonds with water through the carbonyl oxygen atom. The lower members of both series (3 carbons or fewer) are soluble in water in all proportions. As the length of the carbon chain increases, water solubility decreases. Similar to ethers, neither aldehydes nor ketones can hyd... | C: carbonyl oxygen atom. |
Asexual reproduction in plants is typically an extension of the capacity for what?
Here are the choices:
A. indeterminate growth
B. blooming growth
C. substrate growth
D. extracellular growth | A: indeterminate growth. | |
A type of what in a cow's gut enables the animal to digest grass?
Here are the choices:
A. bacteria
B. pests
C. algae
D. virus | Kevin Walsh. Cows are able to digest grass with the help of the bacteria methanogens in their gut . CC BY 2.0. | A: bacteria. |
What basic structures are called the building blocks of life and comprise all living things?
Here are the choices:
A. seeds
B. cells
C. lipids
D. pigments | Cells may be small in size, but they are extremely important to life. Like all other living things, you are made of cells. Cells are the basis of life, and without cells, life as we know it would not exist. You will learn more about these amazing building blocks of life when you read this chapter. | B: cells. |
What kind of behavior occurs only after experience or practice and describes most human behaviors?
Here are the choices:
A. inherited behavior
B. innate behavior
C. practiced behavior
D. learned behavior | Other than infant reflexes, human behaviors are mainly learned rather than innate behaviors. Learned behavior is behavior that occurs only after experience or practice. Did you ever teach a dog to sit on command? That’s an example of a learned behavior. The dog wasn’t born knowing that it should sit when it hears the w... | D: learned behavior. |
What is the study of the interaction between matter and energy called?
Here are the choices:
A. climatology
B. chemistry
C. astronomy
D. geology | Chemistry is the study of matter and energy and how they interact, mainly at the level of atoms and molecules. Basic concepts in chemistry include chemicals, which are specific types of matter, and chemical reactions. In a chemical reaction, atoms or molecules of certain types of matter combine chemically to form other... | B: chemistry. |
Prescribed to treat allergies, antihistamines and corticosteroids help control what system that attacks allergens?
Here are the choices:
A. cardiovascular
B. nervous system
C. immune system
D. reproductive system | Most allergies can be treated with medicines. Medicines used to treat allergies include antihistamines and corticosteroids. These medicines help control the immune system when it attacks an allergen. Sometimes, allergies cause severe symptoms, a condition known as anaphylaxis. For example, they may cause the throat to... | C: immune system. |
The main advantage of urea is its very low what?
Here are the choices:
A. temperature
B. energy requirement
C. cost
D. toxicity | D: toxicity. | |
What type of blood cells transport oxygen to the tissues so they can function?
Here are the choices:
A. depleted blood cells
B. red blood cells
C. white blood cells
D. mutated blood cells | Red blood cells transport oxygen to the tissues so they can function. In the absence of oxygen, cells cannot carry out their biochemical responsibilities. Oxygen moves to the cells attached to hemoglobin, a protein found in the red cells. In cases of carbon monoxide poisoning, CO binds much more strongly to the hemoglo... | B: red blood cells. |
What title is used to describe health professionals who use nonsurgical techniques to help patients with musculoskeletal system problems that involve the bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons, or nervous system?
Here are the choices:
A. podiatrist
B. physical therapist
C. chiropractor chiropractors
D. dentist | Chiropractor Chiropractors are health professionals who use nonsurgical techniques to help patients with musculoskeletal system problems that involve the bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons, or nervous system. They treat problems such as neck pain, back pain, joint pain, or headaches. Chiropractors focus on the patient’... | C: chiropractor chiropractors. |
Flowers pollinated by what means generally lack brightly colored parts?
Here are the choices:
A. butterflies
B. wind
C. bees
D. larvae | B: wind. | |
Fog disappears when the water droplets change back to what?
Here are the choices:
A. ice vapor
B. solid vapor
C. water vapor
D. cold vapor | The water droplets of fog form from water vapor in the air. Fog disappears when the water droplets change back to water vapor. These changes are examples of changes of state. A change of state occurs whenever matter changes from one state to another. Common states of matter on Earth are solid, liquid, and gas. Matter m... | C: water vapor. |
What is the name of the type of combustion engine that you would find in a car?
Here are the choices:
A. internal combustion engine
B. internal modern engine
C. internal oxide engine
D. internal vapor engine | A combustion engine is a complex machine that burns fuel to produce thermal energy and then uses the energy to do work. In a car, the engine does the work of providing kinetic energy that turns the wheels. The combustion engine in a car is a type of engine called an internal combustion engine. (Another type of combusti... | A: internal combustion engine. |
What must molecules have to be cis-trans isomers?
Here are the choices:
A. last bond
B. double bond
C. triple bond
D. single bond | Which of the following statements is false? a. Molecules with the formulas CH3CH2COOH and C3H6O2 could be structural isomers. Molecules must have a double bond to be cis-trans isomers. To be enantiomers, a molecule must have at least three different atoms or groups connected to a central carbon. To be enantiomers, a mo... | B: double bond. |
In physics, work means the use of what to move an object?
Here are the choices:
A. mass
B. force
C. leverage
D. energy | Work is defined differently in physics than in everyday language. In physics, work means the use of force to move an object. The teens who are playing basketball in the picture above are using force to move their bodies and the basketball, so they are doing work. The teen who is studying isn’t moving anything, so she i... | B: force. |
Types of radiation that cause cancer include ultraviolet (uv) radiation and what?
Here are the choices:
A. molecular
B. radon
C. thermal
D. vibrational | Types of radiation that cause cancer include ultraviolet (UV) radiation and radon. UV radiation is part of sunlight. It is the leading cause of skin cancer. Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that escapes from underground rocks. It may seep into the basements of buildings. It can cause lung cancer. | B: radon. |
How many calories of energy does one gram of sugar or starch provide?
Here are the choices:
A. 3
B. 5
C. 4
D. 10 | Carbohydrates include sugars, starches, and fiber. Sugars and starches are used by the body for energy. One gram of sugar or starch provides 4 Calories of energy. Fiber doesn’t provide energy, but it is needed for other uses. At age 13 years, you need about 130 grams of carbohydrates a day. Figure below shows good food... | C: 4. |
Defecating, urination, and even childbirth involve cooperation between the diaphragm and these?
Here are the choices:
A. skeletal muscles
B. abdominal muscles
C. lung muscles
D. heart muscles | Defecating, urination, and even childbirth involve cooperation between the diaphragm and abdominal muscles (this cooperation is referred to as the “Valsalva maneuver”). You hold your breath by a steady contraction of the diaphragm; this stabilizes the volume and pressure of the peritoneal cavity. When the abdominal mus... | B: abdominal muscles. |
When we move down a group of elements on the periodic table, what happens to their electronegativity?
Here are the choices:
A. it doubles
B. it decreases
C. it stays the same
D. it increases | The nonmetals are elements located in the upper right portion of the periodic table. Their properties and behavior are quite different from those of metals on the left side. Under normal conditions, more than half of the nonmetals are gases, one is a liquid, and the rest include some of the softest and hardest of solid... | B: it decreases. |
What two elements do chloroplasts split water into?
Here are the choices:
A. hydrogen and oxygen
B. vaporize and oxygen
C. Salt and sodium
D. Carbon and water | A: hydrogen and oxygen. | |
Continuous-flow reactors are chemical reaction vessels in which the what are mixed and allowed to react as they flow along a tube?
Here are the choices:
A. reactives
B. propellants
C. reactants
D. generators | ♦ Many industrial processes for preparing compounds use “continuous-flow reactors,” which are chemical reaction vessels in which the reactants are mixed and allowed to react as they flow along a tube. The products are removed at a certain distance from the starting point, when the reaction is nearly complete. The key o... | C: reactants. |
What is it called when one or more ending digits are dropped to get the correct number of significant figures?
Here are the choices:
A. turning
B. scientific notation
C. rounding
D. basing | Rounding is done when one or more ending digits are dropped to get the correct number of significant figures. Simple rules state when to round up and when to round down. | C: rounding. |
Hair sticks out from the epidermis, but it grows from the?
Here are the choices:
A. bone
B. fat
C. dermis
D. humus | Hair is one of the defining characteristics of mammals. In fact, mammals are the only animals to have hair. Hair sticks out from the epidermis, but it grows from the dermis ( Figure below ). Hair grows from inside the hair follicle . New cells grow in the bottom part of the hair, called the bulb. Older cells get pushed... | C: dermis. |
The milky way galaxy is which shape type of galaxy?
Here are the choices:
A. helical
B. spherical
C. cylindrical
D. spiral | The Milky Way Galaxy is a spiral galaxy that contains about 400 billion stars. Like other spiral galaxies, it has a disk, a central bulge, and spiral arms. The disk is about 100,000 light-years across. It is about 3,000 light years thick. Most of the galaxy’s gas, dust, young stars, and open clusters are in the disk. S... | D: spiral. |
Atmospheric pressure is low in what anatomically named part of a hurricane?
Here are the choices:
A. eye
B. leg
C. nose
D. mouth | Atmospheric pressure is low in the eye of a hurricane. In a 1979 hurricane in the Pacific Ocean, a pressure of 0.859 atm was reported inside the eye. What is this pressure in torr?. | A: eye. |
What occurs when a substance diffuses through a cell membrane without any help from other molecules?
Here are the choices:
A. visual diffusion
B. simple filtration
C. simple diffusion
D. visible diffusion | Simple diffusion occurs when a substance diffuses through a cell membrane without any help from other molecules. The substance simply passes through tiny spaces in the membrane. It moves from the side of the membrane where it is more concentrated to the side where it is less concentrated. You can see how this happens i... | C: simple diffusion. |
Sodium and chloride ions have equal but what charges?
Here are the choices:
A. positive
B. opposite
C. path
D. simple | Sodium and chloride ions have equal but opposite charges. Opposite electric charges attract each other, so sodium and chloride ions cling together in a strong ionic bond. You can see this in row 2 of the Figure above . (Brackets separate the ions in the diagram to show that the ions in the compound do not actually shar... | B: opposite. |
What is making measurements that are close to the true value known as?
Here are the choices:
A. frequency
B. estimation
C. accuracy
D. prediction | Accuracy means making measurements that are close to the true value. | C: accuracy. |
What are muscle cells in the muscles called?
Here are the choices:
A. use fibers
B. job fibers
C. human fibers
D. muscle fibers | The muscular system consists of all the muscles of the body. Muscles are organs composed mainly of muscle cells, which are also called muscle fibers . Each muscle fiber is a very long, thin cell that can do something no other cell can do. It can contract, or shorten. Muscle contractions are responsible for virtually al... | D: muscle fibers. |
What term means the minimum energy required in order for a collision between molecules to result in a chemical reaction?
Here are the choices:
A. activation energy
B. depletion energy
C. maximum energy
D. solar energy | Summary A minimum energy (activation energy, Ea) is required for a collision between molecules to result in a chemical reaction. Plots of potential energy for a system versus the reaction coordinate show an energy barrier that must be overcome for the reaction to occur. The arrangement of atoms at the highest point of ... | A: activation energy. |
What term is used to describe the change in size or volume of a given mass with temperature?
Here are the choices:
A. thermal contraction
B. atmospheric expansion
C. freezing
D. thermal expansion | The expansion of alcohol in a thermometer is one of many commonly encountered examples of thermal expansion, the change in size or volume of a given mass with temperature. Hot air rises because its volume increases, which causes the hot air’s density to be smaller than the density of surrounding air, causing a buoyant ... | D: thermal expansion. |
What are created based upon the loss or gain of electrons?
Here are the choices:
A. crystals
B. ions
C. hydrogens
D. atoms | Christopher Auyeung. Ions are created by the loss or gain of electrons . CC BY-NC 3.0. | B: ions. |
All atoms of the same element have the same number of what?
Here are the choices:
A. electrons
B. molecules
C. protons
D. charge | Atomic Number In the 1910s, experiments with X rays led to this useful conclusion: the magnitude of the positive charge in the nucleus of every atom of a particular element is the same. In other words, all atoms of the same element have the same number of protons. Furthermore,. | C: protons. |
What kind of chain is formed by subduction of oceanic crust beneath a continental or oceanic plate?
Here are the choices:
A. volcano
B. tsunami
C. chain reaction
D. mountain | Subduction of oceanic crust beneath a continental or oceanic plate creates a chain of volcanoes. | A: volcano. |
Which kinds of cells have nuclei and other membrane bound organelles?
Here are the choices:
A. lipids
B. eukaryotes
C. prokaryotes
D. monocytes | Like the cells of all eukaryotes, animal cells have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Unlike the cells of eukaryotes in the Plant and Fungus Kingdoms, animal cells lack a cell wall. This gives animal cells flexibility. It lets them take on different shapes. This in turn allows them to become specialized fo... | B: eukaryotes. |
What regulates the thyroid gland in a body?
Here are the choices:
A. upper feedback loop
B. negative feedback loop
C. normal feedback loop
D. positive feedback loop | The thyroid gland is regulated by a negative feedback loop. The loop includes the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in addition to the thyroid. | B: negative feedback loop. |
Females of what mammalian group have mammary glands but lack nipples?
Here are the choices:
A. prosauropod
B. Eutheria
C. Metatheria
D. monotreme | Monotreme eggs have a leathery shell, like the eggs of reptiles. The eggs are retained inside the mother’s body for at least a couple of weeks. During that time, the mother provides the eggs with nutrients. Platypus females lay their eggs in a burrow. Echidna females have a pouch in which they store their eggs. Female ... | D: monotreme. |
What helps fungus digest cellulose and other materials found in rotting matter?
Here are the choices:
A. enzymes
B. soil
C. carbohydrates
D. hormones | Hyphae : These are thread-like strands which interconnect and bunch up into a mycelium ( Figure below ). Ever see mold on a damp wall or on old bread? The things that you are seeing are really mycelia. The hyphae and mycelia help the fungi absorb nutrients from other organisms. Most of the mycelium is hidden from view ... | A: enzymes. |
In what form of lipids cells store energy for long-term use?
Here are the choices:
A. treasure
B. meat
C. nuts
D. fat | Lipids Lipids include a diverse group of compounds that are united by a common feature. Lipids are hydrophobic (“waterfearing”), or insoluble in water, because they are nonpolar molecules. This is because they are hydrocarbons that include only nonpolar carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds. Lipids perform many differ... | D: fat. |
What is used to fluoridate drinking water to promote dental health
Here are the choices:
A. carbon fluoride
B. calcium fluorine
C. carbon fluorine
D. calcium fluoride | Calcium fluoride is used to fluoridate drinking water to promote dental health. Crystalline CaF 2 (d = 3.1805 3. | D: calcium fluoride. |
Light reactions also release oxygen gas as a what?
Here are the choices:
A. waste product
B. strange process
C. formal process
D. detritus product | The light reactions also release oxygen gas as a waste product. | A: waste product. |
What is the term for rain that has a ph less than 5, due to carbon dioxide dissolving?
Here are the choices:
A. acid rain
B. frozen rain
C. basic rain
D. carbon rain | Acid rain is rain that has a pH less than 5 (see Figure below ). The pH of normal rain is 5.6. It’s slightly acidic because carbon dioxide in the air dissolves in rain. This forms carbonic acid, a weak acid. | A: acid rain. |
What gas is released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned?
Here are the choices:
A. glucose
B. hydrogen
C. helium
D. co2 | Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere are increasing. Fossil fuel burning is increasing. The rise in fossil fuel burning is increasing the CO 2 in the atmosphere. | D: co2. |
What are the most energetic of all electromagnetic waves, which can be used to treat cancer?
Here are the choices:
A. ultraviolet
B. infrared
C. X-ray
D. gamma rays | Gamma rays are the most energetic of all electromagnetic waves. They can pass through most materials, including bones and teeth. Nonetheless, even these waves are useful. For example, they can be used to treat cancer. A medical device sends gamma rays the site of the cancer, and the rays destroy the cancerous cells. If... | D: gamma rays. |
When does a baby double in length and triple in weight?
Here are the choices:
A. infancy
B. pre-adolescence
C. terrible twos
D. fetal stage | Scientific notation is a way of writing very large or very small numbers that uses exponents. Numbers are written in the format a × 10 b . | A: infancy. |
Where do the cells in your body get oxygen from?
Here are the choices:
A. pores
B. white blood cells
C. red blood cells
D. the digestive system | All the cells of your body need oxygen, which they get from red blood cells. Red blood cells, in turn, get oxygen in the lungs. The lungs are the main organs of the respiratory system. The respiratory system is the body system that exchanges gases with the outside air. It brings air containing oxygen into the body for ... | C: red blood cells. |
What type of generations do plants alternate between during a life cycle?
Here are the choices:
A. haploid and clump
B. algal and diploid
C. haploid and diploid
D. vitro and diploid | All plants have a life cycle that alternates between haploid and diploid generations. Plants vary in terms of which generation is dominant. Most modern plants have a dominant diploid generation. | C: haploid and diploid. |
Genetic diversity in a population comes from two main sources - sexual reproduction and what else?
Here are the choices:
A. radiation
B. education
C. pathogen
D. mutation | Variation and Adaptation Natural selection can only take place if there is variation, or differences, among individuals in a population. Importantly, these differences must have some genetic basis; otherwise, selection will not lead to change in the next generation. This is critical because variation among individuals ... | D: mutation. |
What state of matter completes the list: solid, liquid, gas?
Here are the choices:
A. plasma
B. energy
C. ice
D. power | A snowflake is made of ice, or water in the solid state. A solid is one of four well-known states of matter. The other three states are liquid, gas, and plasma. Compared with these other states of matter, solids have particles that are much more tightly packed together. The particles are held rigidly in place by all th... | A: plasma. |
The heart, blood vessels, and blood make up which system in the body?
Here are the choices:
A. cardiovascular
B. pulminary
C. digestive
D. respiratory | The cardiovascular system is made up of the heart, the blood vessels, and the blood. | A: cardiovascular. |
What unit of measurement is typically used for rainfall?
Here are the choices:
A. inches
B. feet
C. pounds
D. gallons | A: inches. | |
Which elements fall between metals and nonmetals in the periodic table?
Here are the choices:
A. metalloids
B. synthetics
C. noble gases
D. halogens | Metalloids are elements that fall between metals and nonmetals in the periodic table. Just seven elements are metalloids, so they are the smallest class of elements. In Figure above , they are color-coded orange. Examples of metalloids include boron (B), silicon (Si), and germanium (Ge). | A: metalloids. |
What is it called when bones get longer and bigger?
Here are the choices:
A. replication
B. reproduction
C. growth
D. expansion | C: growth. | |
What kind of reactions are involved in processes ranging from the contraction of muscles to the digestion of food?
Here are the choices:
A. liquid
B. chemical
C. mineral
D. atomical | The rates at which chemical reactions take place in organisms are very important. Chemical reactions in organisms are involved in processes ranging from the contraction of muscles to the digestion of food. For example, when you wave goodbye, it requires repeated contractions of muscles in your arm over a period of a co... | B: chemical. |
Mycorrhizae functions as a physical barrier to what?
Here are the choices:
A. vaccines
B. bacteria
C. parasites
D. pathogens | Mycorrhizae: The Symbiotic Relationship between Fungi and Roots A nutrient depletion zone can develop when there is rapid soil solution uptake, low nutrient concentration, low diffusion rate, or low soil moisture. These conditions are very common; therefore, most plants rely on fungi to facilitate the uptake of mineral... | D: pathogens. |
What do skeletal muscles enable the body to do?
Here are the choices:
A. eat
B. move
C. look
D. breathe | Skeletal Muscles. Skeletal muscles enable the body to move. | B: move. |
What is the sum total of all body reactions?
Here are the choices:
A. immunity
B. metabolism
C. respiration
D. growth | Water is an essential part of most metabolic processes within organisms. Metabolism is the sum total of all body reactions, including those that build up molecules ( anabolic reactions ) and those that break down molecules ( catabolic reactions ). In anabolic reactions, water is generally removed from small molecules i... | B: metabolism. |
What type of reproduction involves combining genetic material from two parents to create distinct offspring?
Here are the choices:
A. sexual reproduction
B. asexual reproduction
C. mild reproduction
D. bsexual reproduction | That is the main difference between sexual and asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction is combining genetic material from two parents, usually from two gametes. How the two cells combine may take many forms, but does not necessarily involve physical contact. Sexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically... | A: sexual reproduction. |
What kind of molecule is made from one or more long chains of amino acids?
Here are the choices:
A. amino molecule
B. chain molecule
C. protein molecule
D. membrane molecule | A protein molecule is made from one or more long chains of amino acids, each linked to its neighbors by covalent bonds. Multiple chains of a protein are held together by weaker bonds. | C: protein molecule. |
What part of the heart receives the blood is pumped from veins of the systemic circuit?
Here are the choices:
A. right atrium
B. left ventricle
C. left atrium
D. right ventricle | Figure 40.10 The mammalian circulatory system is divided into three circuits: the systemic circuit, the pulmonary circuit, and the coronary circuit. Blood is pumped from veins of the systemic circuit into the right atrium of the heart, then into the right ventricle. Blood then enters the pulmonary circuit, and is oxyge... | A: right atrium. |
What type of properties are characteristics that describe matter?
Here are the choices:
A. thermal
B. invisible
C. visible
D. physical | The properties that chemists use to describe matter fall into two general categories. Physical properties are characteristics that describe matter. They include characteristics such as size, shape, color, and mass. Chemical properties are characteristics that describe how matter changes its chemical structure or compos... | D: physical. |
What is the leading cause of death in the united states?
Here are the choices:
A. suicide
B. automobile accidents
C. heart disease
D. lung cancer | Cardiologist Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. This is primarily due to our sedentary lifestyle and our high trans-fat diets. Heart failure is just one of many disabling heart conditions. Heart failure does not mean that the heart has stopped working. Rather, it means that the heart can’... | C: heart disease. |
What results when gas particles rebound off the walls of their container?
Here are the choices:
A. pressure
B. light
C. weight
D. pull | Pressure is what results when gas particles rebound off the walls of their container. The basic unit of pressure is the newton per square meter (N/m2). This combined unit is redefined as a pascal (Pa). One pascal is not a very large amount of pressure. A more useful unit of pressure is the bar, which is 100,000 Pa (1 b... | A: pressure. |
How do most fish reproduce with one another?
Here are the choices:
A. same sex
B. on land
C. asexually
D. sexually | Fish reproduce sexually. They lay eggs that can be fertilized either inside or outside of the body. In most fish, the eggs develop outside of the mother's body. In the majority of these species, fertilization also takes place outside the mother's body. The male and female fish release their gametes into the surrounding... | D: sexually. |
What is the ability to cause changes in matter?
Here are the choices:
A. hydrogen
B. energy
C. force
D. pressure | Energy is the ability to cause changes in matter. For example, your body uses chemical energy when you lift your arm or take a step. In both cases, energy is used to move matter—you. Any matter that is moving has energy just because it’s moving. The energy of moving matter is called kinetic energy. Scientists think tha... | B: energy. |
The group 18 gases that have 8 valence electrons are referred to as what type of gases?
Here are the choices:
A. noble
B. metal
C. novel
D. important | A common way to keep track of valence electrons is with Lewis electron dot structures . In an electron dot structure, each atom is represented by its chemical symbol, and each valence electron is represented by a single dot. Note that only valence electrons are shown explicitly in these diagrams. For the main group ele... | A: noble. |
Competition is a relationship between organisms that depend on the same resources. the resources might be food, water, or what?
Here are the choices:
A. thought
B. time
C. language
D. space | Competition is a relationship between organisms that depend on the same resources. The resources might be food, water, or space. Competition can occur between organisms of the same species or between organisms of different species. | D: space. |
What does phagocytosis defend the body from?
Here are the choices:
A. obesity
B. pathogens
C. allergies
D. parasites | 4. State how phagocytosis helps defend the body from pathogens. | B: pathogens. |
What measures the force of gravity pulling on an object?
Here are the choices:
A. velocity
B. density
C. volume
D. weight | Weight measures the force of gravity pulling on an object. The SI unit for weight is the Newton (N). | D: weight. |
Are coral reefs found in warm or cold water?
Here are the choices:
A. warm
B. cold
C. cool
D. both | Coral reefs are found only in warm water. Coal swamps are also found in tropical and subtropical environments. Wegener discovered ancient coal seams and coral reef fossils in areas that are much too cold today. Wegener thought that the continents have moved since the time of Pangaea. | A: warm. |
In humans, there are five primary tastes, and each taste has only one corresponding type of what?
Here are the choices:
A. organ
B. receptor
C. membrane
D. neuron | In humans, there are five primary tastes, and each taste has only one corresponding type of receptor. Thus, like olfaction, each receptor is specific to its stimulus (tastant). Transduction of the five tastes happens through different mechanisms that reflect the molecular composition of the tastant. A salty tastant (co... | B: receptor. |
The large positive free energy change leads to a value that is extremely what?
Here are the choices:
A. random
B. complex
C. small
D. high | The large positive free energy change leads to a value that is extremely small. Both lead to the conclusion that the reactants are highly favored and very few product molecules are present at equilibrium. | C: small. |
Slime molds are fungus-like protists that grow as slimy masses on what?
Here are the choices:
A. dark matter
B. recycled matter
C. decaying matter
D. food matter | Slime molds are fungus-like protists that grow as slimy masses on decaying matter. They are commonly found on items such as rotting logs. | C: decaying matter. |
What is the body cavity that reptiles have that is involved in reproduction?
Here are the choices:
A. hypothalamus
B. pristil
C. cloaca
D. ovules | Most reptiles have sexual reproduction with internal fertilization. Reptiles have a body cavity called a cloaca that is involved in reproduction. Sperm or eggs are released into an adult reptile’s cloaca. Males have one or two penises that pass sperm from their cloaca to the eggs in the cloaca of a female, where fertil... | C: cloaca. |
What is the germ for a group of atoms within a molecule that reacts similarly anywhere it appears in different compounds?
Here are the choices:
A. thermal group
B. functional group
C. atomic group
D. molecular group | With over twenty million known organic compounds in existence, it would be very challenging to memorize chemical reactions for each one. Fortunately, molecules with similar functional groups tend to undergo similar reactions. A functional group is defined as an atom or group of atoms within a molecule that has similar ... | B: functional group. |
During asexual reproduction, fungi produce haploid spores by what process involving a haploid parent cell?
Here are the choices:
A. osmosis
B. mitosis
C. evaporation
D. divergence | During asexual reproduction, fungi produce haploid spores by mitosis of a haploid parent cell. A haploid cell has just one of each pair of chromosomes. The haploid spores are genetically identical to the parent cell. Spores may be spread by moving water, wind, or other organisms. Wherever the spores land, they will dev... | B: mitosis. |
In eukaryotes, oxidative phosphorylation takes place in what?
Here are the choices:
A. nucleus
B. mitochondria
C. glucose
D. lipids | Figure 7.5 In eukaryotes, oxidative phosphorylation takes place in mitochondria. In prokaryotes, this process takes place in the plasma membrane. (Credit: modification of work by Mariana Ruiz Villareal). | B: mitochondria. |
Short chains of two amino acids (dipeptides) or three amino acids (tripeptides) are also transported actively. however, after they enter the absorptive epithelial cells, they are broken down into their amino acids before leaving the cell and entering the capillary blood via what?
Here are the choices:
A. diffusion
B. c... | transports an amino acid varies. Most carriers are linked to the active transport of sodium. Short chains of two amino acids (dipeptides) or three amino acids (tripeptides) are also transported actively. However, after they enter the absorptive epithelial cells, they are broken down into their amino acids before leavin... | A: diffusion. |
What do fungi use to penetrate deep into decaying matter?
Here are the choices:
A. flagella
B. hyphae
C. cilia
D. cytoplasm | Most fungi get organic compounds from dead organisms. Fungi use their hyphae to penetrate deep into decaying organic matter. They produce enzymes at the tips of their hyphae. The enzymes digest the organic matter so the fungal cells can absorb it. Fungi are the main decomposers in forests. They are the only decomposers... | B: hyphae. |
All living cells in multicellular organisms contain an internal cytoplasmic compartment, and a nucleus within the cytoplasm. cytosol, the jelly-like substance within the cell, provides the fluid medium necessary for this?
Here are the choices:
A. cell division
B. meiosis
C. apoptosis
D. biochemical reactions | Now that you have learned that the cell membrane surrounds all cells, you can dive inside of a prototypical human cell to learn about its internal components and their functions. All living cells in multicellular organisms contain an internal cytoplasmic compartment, and a nucleus within the cytoplasm. Cytosol, the jel... | D: biochemical reactions. |
Under appropriate conditions, the attractions between all molecules in what state will cause them to form liquids or solids?
Here are the choices:
A. plasma
B. liquid
C. soild
D. gas | Forces between Molecules Under appropriate conditions, the attractions between all gas molecules will cause them to form liquids or solids. This is due to intermolecular forces, not intramolecular forces. Intramolecular forces are those within the molecule that keep the molecule together, for example, the bonds between... | D: gas. |
What else besides temperature has an effect on the phase of a substance?
Here are the choices:
A. weight
B. energy
C. resistance
D. pressure | Butter is a fat that is a solid at room temperature. What type of fatty acid does butter contain? How do you know?. | D: pressure. |
What type of charge does a neutron have?
Here are the choices:
A. half charge
B. neutral or no charge
C. negative charge
D. positive charge | three building blocks of most matter. (The third is the neutron, which is neutral, carrying no charge. ) Other charge-carrying particles are observed in cosmic rays and nuclear decay, and are created in particle accelerators. All but the electron and proton survive only a short time and are quite rare by comparison. | B: neutral or no charge. |
Animals that molt their exoskeletons belong to which clade?
Here are the choices:
A. protists
B. spirogyra
C. ecdysozoa
D. trichina | Figure 27.13 Animals that molt their exoskeletons, such as these (a) Madagascar hissing cockroaches, are in the clade Ecdysozoa. (b) Phoronids are in the clade Lophotrochozoa. The tentacles are part of a feeding structure called a lophophore. (credit a: modification of work by Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State Universit... | C: ecdysozoa. |
Alkaline earth metals are what color?
Here are the choices:
A. white
B. silvery grey
C. reddish orange
D. black | The alkaline Earth metals include all the elements in group 2 (see Figure below ). These metals have just two valence electrons, so they are very reactive, although not quite as reactive as the alkali metals. In nature, they are always found combined with other elements. Alkaline Earth metals are silvery grey in color.... | B: silvery grey. |
What type of movement is caused by erosion from direct gravity?
Here are the choices:
A. frictional movement
B. mass movement
C. electron movement
D. normal movement | Outline the forces that act on particles in the nucleus. | B: mass movement. |
What term is used describe energy released during an earthquake?
Here are the choices:
A. magnitude
B. resonance
C. blast
D. seismic load | For decades scientists have had equipment that can measure earthquake magnitude. The earthquake magnitude is the energy released during the quake. | A: magnitude. |
What are the rolling motions during an earthquake called?
Here are the choices:
A. tidal waves
B. velocity waves
C. seismic thrusts
D. surface waves | There are two major types of seismic waves. Body waves travel through the Earth’s interior. Surface waves travel along the ground surface. In an earthquake, body waves are responsible for the sharp jolts. Surface waves are responsible for the rolling motions that do most of the damage in an earthquake. | D: surface waves. |
What is the process that breaks down rocks into smaller pieces?
Here are the choices:
A. bleaching
B. bracing
C. erosion
D. weathering | D: weathering. | |
What is the measurement for the amount of water vapor in the air?
Here are the choices:
A. humidity
B. saturation
C. haze
D. ambient | A: Humidity is a measure of the amount of water vapor in the air. When humidity is high, sweat evaporates more slowly because there is already a lot of water vapor in the air. The slower evaporation rate reduces the potential for evaporative cooling. | A: humidity. |
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