questions stringlengths 37 1.22k | reasoning stringlengths 0 3.56k ⌀ | answers stringlengths 4 138 |
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What characteristic of birds is related to the food they eat?
Here are the choices:
A. beak
B. feathers
C. tail
D. feet | The size and shape of the beak is related to the food the bird eats and can vary greatly among different birds. Parrots have down-curved, hooked bills, which are well-adapted for cracking seeds and nuts ( Figure below ). Hummingbirds, on the other hand, have long, thin, pointed bills, which are adapted for getting the nectar out of flowers ( Figure below ). Hawks, eagles, falcons and owls have a sharp, hooked beak. | A: beak. |
What tube carries urine out of the body?
Here are the choices:
A. fallopian tube
B. uterus
C. urethra
D. kidney | The penis is a cylinder-shaped organ. It contains the urethra. The urethra is a tube that carries urine out of the body. The urethra also carries sperm out of the body. | C: urethra. |
What plant products may be classified as simple, aggregate, multiple, or accessory, depending on their origin?
Here are the choices:
A. fruits
B. flowers
C. leaves
D. pods | Fruits may be classified as simple, aggregate, multiple, or accessory, depending on their origin (Figure 32.22). If the fruit develops from a single carpel or fused carpels of a single ovary, it is known as a simple fruit, as seen in nuts and beans. An aggregate fruit is one that develops from more than one carpel, but all are in the same flower: the mature carpels fuse together to form the entire fruit, as seen in the raspberry. Multiple fruit develops from an inflorescence or a cluster of flowers. An example is the pineapple, where the flowers fuse together to form the fruit. Accessory fruits (sometimes called false fruits) are not derived from the ovary, but from another part of the flower, such as the receptacle (strawberry) or the hypanthium (apples and pears). | A: fruits. |
What term describes the amount of material present in an object?
Here are the choices:
A. mass
B. volume
C. weight
D. density | A: mass. | |
What class of animals includes the subgroups rodents, carnivores, insectivores, bats, and primates?
Here are the choices:
A. amphibians
B. mammals
C. insects
D. reptiles | Subgroups of the mammals include rodents, carnivores, insectivores, bats, and primates. | B: mammals. |
What is the transfer of thermal energy by waves that can travel through empty space called?
Here are the choices:
A. vibration
B. convection
C. radiation
D. induction | Radiation is the transfer of thermal energy by waves that can travel through empty space. When the waves reach objects, they transfer thermal energy to the objects. This is how the sun’s energy reaches and warms Earth. | C: radiation. |
The lighter photic zone and darker aphotic zone are determined by what?
Here are the choices:
A. water density
B. water reflection
C. water depth
D. water shape | Two main zones based on depth of water are the photic zone and aphotic zone. The photic zone is the top 200 meters of water. The aphotic zone is water deeper than 200 meters. The deeper you go, the darker the water gets. That’s because sunlight cannot penetrate very far under water. Sunlight is needed for photosynthesis. So the depth of water determines whether photosynthesis is possible. There is enough sunlight for photosynthesis only in the photic zone. | C: water depth. |
Plant cuttings are an example of what type of reproduction?
Here are the choices:
A. homosexual
B. autosexual
C. asexual
D. heterosexual | C: asexual. | |
Destructive interference in waves occurs when what things overlap?
Here are the choices:
A. two waves
B. three waves
C. two troughs
D. three troughs | Destructive interference in waves occurs when two troughs overlap. | C: two troughs. |
When two plates of continental crust collide, the material pushes upward and forms what?
Here are the choices:
A. high mountain range
B. low mountain range
C. fault lines
D. valleys | When two plates of continental crust collide, the material pushes upward. This forms a high mountain range. The remnants of subducted oceanic crust remain beneath the continental convergence zone. | A: high mountain range. |
What is split to produce nuclear energy?
Here are the choices:
A. atoms
B. protons
C. molecules
D. chemicals | Nuclear energy is produced by splitting atoms. It also produces radioactive wastes that are very dangerous for many years. | A: atoms. |
What measures the amount of matter in an object?
Here are the choices:
A. weight
B. concentrations
C. amounts
D. mass | The inheritance of traits is not always as simple as Mendel's rules. Each characteristic Mendel investigated was controlled by one gene that had only two possible alleles, one of which was completely dominant over the other. We now know that inheritance is often more complicated than this. In blood types, for example, there are actually three alleles instead of two. And some traits even have more than three alleles. | D: mass. |
What is the primary component of steel alloys?
Here are the choices:
A. alluminum
B. titanium
C. carbon
D. iron | Steels are a very important class of alloys. The many types of steels are primarily composed of iron, with various amounts of the elements carbon, chromium, manganese, nickel, molybdenum, and boron. Steels are widely used in building construction because of their strength, hardness, and resistance to corrosion. Most large modern structures like skyscrapers and stadiums are supported by a steel skeleton (see Figure below ). | D: iron. |
Light energy is absorbed by which kind of molecule?
Here are the choices:
A. parasite
B. inorganic
C. chlorophyll
D. nutrient | Figure 5.12 Light energy is absorbed by a chlorophyll molecule and is passed along a pathway to other chlorophyll molecules. The energy culminates in a molecule of chlorophyll found in the reaction center. The energy “excites” one of its electrons enough to leave the molecule and be transferred to a nearby primary electron acceptor. A molecule of water splits to release an electron, which is needed to replace the one donated. Oxygen and hydrogen ions are also formed from the splitting of water. | C: chlorophyll. |
What is the second class of fish after ray-finned fish?
Here are the choices:
A. lobe-finned fish
B. star-finned fish
C. pine - finned fish
D. spar - finned fish | There are about 27,000 species of bony fish ( Figure below ), which are divided into two classes: ray-finned fish and lobe-finned fish. Most bony fish are ray-finned. These thin fins consist of webs of skin over flexible spines. Lobe-finned fish, on the other hand, have fins that resemble stump-like appendages. | A: lobe-finned fish. |
Regulation of endocrine depends on the hypothalmus and what other gland?
Here are the choices:
A. salivary
B. pituitary
C. adrenal
D. thyroid | 45.3 The hypothalamus and pituitary are central to endocrine regulation. | B: pituitary. |
What according to scientists is the major cause of depression?
Here are the choices:
A. low serotonin levels
B. high serotonin levels
C. low thyroid levels
D. high fat diets | Some people have low levels of the neurotransmitter called serotonin in their brain. Scientists think that this is one cause of depression. Medications called antidepressants help bring serotonin levels back to normal. For many people with depression, antidepressants control the symptoms of their depression and help them lead happy, productive lives. | A: low serotonin levels. |
What is a soft, malleable, and corrosion resistant material called?
Here are the choices:
A. gold
B. copper
C. lead
D. tin | Lead is a soft, malleable, and corrosion resistant material. The ancient Romans used lead to make water pipes, some of which are still in use today. | C: lead. |
Momentum is a vector quantity that has the same direction as what?
Here are the choices:
A. initial speed
B. object ' s velocity
C. inertia
D. object energy | Momentum is a vector quantity that has the same direction as the velocity of the object. | B: object ' s velocity. |
What type of role does cartilage play in the human skeleton?
Here are the choices:
A. variable
B. important
C. insignificant
D. life saving | C: insignificant. | |
Prokaryotes divide via binary fission and do not undergo what process of cell division?
Here are the choices:
A. prophase
B. mitosis
C. fusion
D. meiosis | Reproduction Reproduction in prokaryotes is asexual and usually takes place by binary fission. Recall that the DNA of a prokaryote exists as a single, circular chromosome. Prokaryotes do not undergo mitosis. Rather the chromosome is replicated and the two resulting copies separate from one another, due to the growth of the cell. The prokaryote, now enlarged, is pinched inward at its equator and the two resulting cells, which are clones, separate. Binary fission does not provide an opportunity for genetic recombination or genetic diversity, but prokaryotes can share genes by three other mechanisms. | B: mitosis. |
Light with the shortest wavelength appears as what color?
Here are the choices:
A. red
B. green
C. blue
D. violet | The wavelength of visible light determines the color that the light appears. Light with the longest wavelength appears red, and light with the shortest wavelength appears violet. In between are the wavelengths of all the other colors of light. | D: violet. |
What is lava called before it reaches the surface of the earth?
Here are the choices:
A. magma
B. rock
C. pyrite
D. crust | Minerals form as magma or lava cools. | A: magma. |
What is the term for atherosclerosis of arteries that supply the heart muscle?
Here are the choices:
A. cardiovascular disease
B. coronary heart disease
C. rapid heart disease
D. essential heart disease | Atherosclerosis of arteries that supply the heart muscle is called coronary heart disease . This disease may or may not have symptoms, such as chest pain. As the disease progresses, there is an increased risk of heart attack. A heart attack occurs when the blood supply to part of the heart muscle is blocked and cardiac muscle fibers die. Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death of adults in the United States. | B: coronary heart disease. |
Food is chemical energy stored in what?
Here are the choices:
A. oxygen molecules
B. typical molecules
C. DNA molecules
D. organic molecules | Food is chemical energy stored in organic molecules. | D: organic molecules. |
What has a bigger impact on water quality, natural events or human activity?
Here are the choices:
A. water quality
B. human activity
C. all of the above
D. natural events | Natural events, like storms, volcanic eruptions and earthquakes can cause major changes in water quality. But human-caused contaminants have a much greater impact on the quality of the water supply. Water is considered polluted either when it does not support a human use, like clean drinking water, or a use for other animals and plants. The overgrowth of algae, known as an algal bloom , can result from the runoff of fertilizer into bodies of water. This excess of nutrients allows the algae to grow beyond control, bring harm to the rest of the ecosystem. | B: human activity. |
What is the amount of energy required to begin a chemical reaction known as?
Here are the choices:
A. decomposition energy
B. activation energy
C. positive energy
D. reaction energy | All chemical reactions need energy to get started. Even reactions that release energy need a boost of energy in order to begin. The energy needed to start a chemical reaction is called activation energy . Activation energy is like the push a child needs to start going down a playground slide. The push gives the child enough energy to start moving, but once she starts, she keeps moving without being pushed again. Activation energy is illustrated in Figure below . | B: activation energy. |
Acne is a skin disturbance that typically occurs on areas of the skin that are rich in sebaceous glands (face and back). it is most common along with the onset of puberty due to association with these?
Here are the choices:
A. hormonal changes
B. thermal changes
C. digestive changes
D. mental changes | Acne Acne is a skin disturbance that typically occurs on areas of the skin that are rich in sebaceous glands (face and back). It is most common along with the onset of puberty due to associated hormonal changes, but can also occur in infants and continue into adulthood. Hormones, such as androgens, stimulate the release of sebum. An overproduction and accumulation of sebum along with keratin can block hair follicles. This plug is initially white. The sebum, when oxidized by exposure to air, turns black. Acne results from infection by acne-causing bacteria (Propionibacterium and Staphylococcus), which can lead to redness and potential scarring due to the natural wound healing process (Figure 5.22). | A: hormonal changes. |
What are the two main components in a battery?
Here are the choices:
A. vortex and a cathode
B. filter and a cathode
C. anode and a vortex
D. anode and a cathode | Zinc is an important component of many kinds of batteries. This metal is mined as zinc compounds, one of which is zinc carbonate. To obtain the pure metal, the ore must go through the following chemical processes:. | D: anode and a cathode. |
Lots of volcanoes form along which boundaries?
Here are the choices:
A. basalt plate boundaries
B. subduction plate boundaries
C. deposit plate bounderies
D. geyser plate boundaries | Lots of volcanoes form along subduction plate boundaries. The edges of the Pacific Plate are a long subduction boundary. Lines of volcanoes can form at subduction zones on oceanic or continental crust. Japan is an example of a volcanic arc on oceanic crust. The Cascade Range and Andes Mountains are volcanic arcs on continental crust. | B: subduction plate boundaries. |
Which body organ filters the blood in the body and creates urine?
Here are the choices:
A. the kidneys
B. liver
C. intestines
D. the arteries | The kidneys help the body maintain homeostasis in several ways. They filter all the blood in the body many times each day and produce urine. They control the amount of water and dissolved substances in the blood by excreting more or less of them in urine. | A: the kidneys. |
Compared with the molecules of many other substances, molecules of water are strongly attracted to what?
Here are the choices:
A. helium
B. nothing
C. each other
D. hydrogen | Compared with the molecules of many other substances, molecules of water are strongly attracted to each other. How is this likely to affect the boiling point of water?. | C: each other. |
Greater reflection off what atmospheric layer allows am radio waves to travel even farther at night than they can during the day?
Here are the choices:
A. stratosphere
B. ionosphere
C. exosphere
D. troposphere | A: With greater reflection off the ionosphere, AM waves can travel even farther at night than they can during the day. Radio receivers can often pick up radio broadcasts at night from cities that are hundreds of miles away. | B: ionosphere. |
Earth spinning as air moves over its surface causes what?
Here are the choices:
A. axial tilt
B. coriolis effect
C. seasons
D. centrifugal effect | Earth is spinning as air moves over its surface. This causes the Coriolis effect. Winds blow on a diagonal over the surface due to Coriolis effect. From which direction do the northern trade winds blow?. | B: coriolis effect. |
Beryllium hydride consists of a central beryllium atom with two single bonds to what?
Here are the choices:
A. metabolic atoms
B. hydrogen atoms
C. nitrogen atoms
D. calcium atoms | Beryllium hydride consists of a central beryllium atom with two single bonds to hydrogen atoms. Recall that it violates the octet rule. | B: hydrogen atoms. |
Amides are actually formed by bringing together an amine-containing molecule and molecule containing what?
Here are the choices:
A. carboxylic acid
B. oxidize acid
C. Fatty acid
D. polymer acid | Amides are actually formed by bringing together an amine-containing molecule and a carboxylic acidcontaining molecule. A molecule of H2O is lost, much like when an ester forms:. | A: carboxylic acid. |
What are long living plasma cells called?
Here are the choices:
A. context cells
B. device cells
C. brain Cells
D. memory cells | Most plasma cells live for just a few days, but some of them live much longer. They may even survive for the lifetime of the individual. Long-living plasma cells are called memory cells. They retain a “memory” of a specific pathogen long after an infection is over. They help launch a rapid response against the pathogen if it invades the body again in the future. | D: memory cells. |
When do homologous chromosomes separate and go to different gametes?
Here are the choices:
A. during meiosis
B. before meiosis
C. during electrolysis
D. after meiosis | During meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate and go to different gametes. Thus, the two alleles for each gene also go to different gametes. At the same time, different chromosomes assort independently. As a result, alleles for different genes assort independently as well. In these ways, alleles are shuffled and recombined in each parent’s gametes. | A: during meiosis. |
What type of cells are often the product of normal cells that have lost the ability to regulate the cell cycle?
Here are the choices:
A. cancerous cells
B. corrosive cells
C. uncontrolled cells
D. sick cells | Many cancerous cells are the products of normal cells that have lost the ability to regulate the cell cycle. The genes that encode the proteins involved in cell cycle regulation have mutations. One category of genes, called oncogenes, accelerate the cell cycle. Some cancers can be inherited, such as breast cancer (due to mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes). Approximately five to ten percent of cancers are entirely hereditary. Other cancers are triggered by an environmental stimulus, such as through the relationship between tobacco smoke and lung cancer, or ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer. | A: cancerous cells. |
Which ductless gland releases secretions directly into surrounding tissues and fluids?
Here are the choices:
A. endocrine gland
B. marrow gland
C. pineal gland
D. adrenal glands | Glandular Epithelium A gland is a structure made up of one or more cells modified to synthesize and secrete chemical substances. Most glands consist of groups of epithelial cells. A gland can be classified as an endocrine gland, a ductless gland that releases secretions directly into surrounding tissues and fluids (endo- = “inside”), or an exocrine gland whose secretions leave through a duct that opens directly, or indirectly, to the external environment (exo- = “outside”). | A: endocrine gland. |
When different types of tissues work together to perform a unique function, what do they form?
Here are the choices:
A. organs
B. produce
C. organ
D. Brian | Plant Organ Systems In plants, just as in animals, similar cells working together form a tissue. When different types of tissues work together to perform a unique function, they form an organ; organs working together form organ systems. Vascular plants have two distinct organ systems: a shoot system, and a root system. The shoot system consists of two portions: the vegetative (nonreproductive) parts of the plant, such as the leaves and the stems, and the reproductive parts of the plant, which include flowers and fruits. The shoot system generally grows above ground, where it absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis. The root system, which supports the plants and absorbs water and minerals, is usually underground. Figure 30.2 shows the organ systems of a typical plant. | C: organ. |
Over 90% of the energy we use comes originally from what?
Here are the choices:
A. sun
B. water
C. horizon
D. earth | Over 90% of the energy we use comes originally from the sun. Every day, the sun provides the earth with almost 10,000 times the amount of energy necessary to meet all of the world’s energy needs for that day. Our challenge is to find ways to convert and store incoming solar energy so that it can be used in reactions or chemical processes that are both convenient and nonpolluting. Plants and many bacteria capture solar energy through photosynthesis. We release the energy stored in plants when we burn wood or plant products such as ethanol. We also use this energy to fuel our bodies by eating food that comes directly from plants or from animals that got their energy by eating plants. Burning coal and petroleum also releases stored solar energy: These fuels are fossilized plant and animal matter. This chapter will introduce the basic ideas of an important area of science concerned with the amount of heat absorbed or released during chemical and physical changes—an area called thermochemistry. The concepts introduced in this chapter are widely used in almost all scientific and technical fields. Food scientists use them to determine the energy content of foods. Biologists study the energetics of living organisms, such as the metabolic combustion of sugar into carbon dioxide and water. The oil, gas, and transportation industries, renewable energy providers, and many others endeavor to find better methods to produce energy for our commercial and personal needs. Engineers strive to improve energy efficiency, find better ways to heat and cool our homes, refrigerate our food and drinks, and meet the energy and cooling needs of computers and electronics, among other applications. Understanding thermochemical. | A: sun. |
What term is used to describe an illusion that light from faraway objects is reflected by a pool of water that is not really there?
Here are the choices:
A. mirage
B. Mirror
C. prototype
D. version | The most common type of mirage is an illusion that light from faraway objects is reflected by a pool of water that is not really there. Mirages are generally observed in deserts, when there is a hot layer of air near the ground. Given that the refractive index of air is lower for air at higher temperatures, explain how mirages can be formed. | A: mirage. |
How do prokaryotes reproduce?
Here are the choices:
A. asexually
B. inorganically
C. unusually
D. sexually | A: asexually. | |
What does hemoglobin in blood carry to the cells?
Here are the choices:
A. oxygen
B. nitrogen
C. methane
D. carbon dioxide | Figure 39.19 The protein inside (a) red blood cells that carries oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide to the lungs is (b) hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is made up of four symmetrical subunits and four heme groups. Iron associated with the heme binds oxygen. It is the iron in hemoglobin that gives blood its red color. | A: oxygen. |
Surface tension comes from the fact that particles at the surface of a liquid do not experience interactions from all directions which leads to what on the surface?
Here are the choices:
A. imbalance of forces
B. degradation of forces
C. waves
D. floating particles | Surface tension comes from the fact that particles at the surface of a liquid do not experience interactions from all directions, leading to an imbalance of forces on the surface. Surface tension is responsible for several well-known behaviors of liquids, including water. Liquids with high surface tension tend to bead up when present in small amounts ( - ball-ch10_s03_f06). Surface. | A: imbalance of forces. |
Where do biochemical reactions occer?
Here are the choices:
A. in the environment
B. inside organisms
C. outside organisms
D. inside labs | Biochemical reactions are chemical reactions that take place inside living things. Two of the most important biochemical reactions are photosynthesis and cellular respiration. | B: inside organisms. |
What type of behavior has the advantage of being flexible and capable of changing to suit changing conditions?
Here are the choices:
A. saved behavior
B. noted behavior
C. inherited behavior
D. learned behavior | Most animals are capable of learning, but animals that are more intelligent are better at learning and depend more on learned behaviors. The big advantage of learned behaviors over innate behaviors is that learned behaviors are flexible. They can be changed to suit changing conditions. | D: learned behavior. |
This process breaks rocks and other surface materials into much smaller pieces?
Here are the choices:
A. leaching
B. weathering
C. chemical reaction
D. corrosion | B: weathering. | |
What is the main element in organic compounds?
Here are the choices:
A. hydrogen
B. nitrogen
C. oxygen
D. carbon | Carbon is the main element in organic compounds. Carbon can form stable bonds with many elements, including itself. | D: carbon. |
What is the basic unit of matter?
Here are the choices:
A. calories
B. ions
C. atoms
D. neutrons | The basic unit of matter is an atom . At the center of an atom is its nucleus . Protons are positively charged particles in the nucleus. Also in the nucleus are neutrons with no electrical charge. Orbiting the nucleus are tiny electrons. Electrons are negatively charged. An atom with the same number of protons and electrons is electrically neutral. If the atom has more or less electrons to protons it is called an ion . An ion will have positive charge if it has more protons than electrons. It will have negative charge if it has more electrons than protons. | C: atoms. |
What theory proposes that microorganisms are the cause of many diseases?
Here are the choices:
A. evolution theory
B. malignant theory
C. mutated theory
D. germ theory | The germ theory proposes that microorganisms are the cause of many diseases. | D: germ theory. |
Water is a polar compound, so its molecules are attracted to each other and form what kind of bonds?
Here are the choices:
A. helium
B. mixed
C. carbon
D. hydrogen | Water is a polar compound, so its molecules are attracted to each other and form hydrogen bonds. | D: hydrogen. |
What is the term for a substance that causes the speed of a reaction to increase?
Here are the choices:
A. catalyst
B. indicate
C. component
D. monite | A catalyst is a substance that increases the speed of a reaction. Overall, a catalyst is not a reactant and is not used up, but it still affects how fast a reaction proceeds. However, a catalyst does not affect the extent or position of a reaction at equilibrium. It helps a reaction achieve equilibrium faster. | A: catalyst. |
What is it called when rays focus at different distances from the lens?
Here are the choices:
A. carbon aberration
B. spherical aberration
C. constant aberration
D. angular aberration | Figure 26.30 Spherical aberration is caused by rays focusing at different distances from the lens. | B: spherical aberration. |
Brass and bronze are examples of what type of mixture composed of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal?
Here are the choices:
A. compound
B. halloid
C. alloy
D. metalloid | An alloy is a mixture composed of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal. You are probably familiar with some alloys such as brass and bronze. Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin. Alloys are commonly used in manufactured items because the properties of these metal mixtures are often superior to a pure metal. Bronze is harder than copper and more easily cast. Brass is very malleable and its acoustic properties make it useful for musical instruments. | C: alloy. |
What is a region of repetitive noncoding nucleotide sequences at each end of a chromosome?
Here are the choices:
A. telomere
B. cellular
C. diploid
D. cytoskeleton | Reverse transcription also occurs with retrotransposons and during telomere synthesis in eukaryotes. Retrotransposons are self-replicating segments of eukaryotic genomes that use reverse transcriptase to move from one position in the genome to another via a RNA intermediate. A telomere is a region of repetitive noncoding nucleotide sequences at each end of a chromosome. These sequences protect the end of the chromosome from deterioration or from fusion with neighboring chromosomes. Each time DNA is replicated, small segments of DNA from the ends of the chromosome is lost. Telomerase is a reverse transcriptase that uses an RNA intermediate to elongate the 3' end of DNA strands in the telomere regions after each replication cycle. | A: telomere. |
What is the color of mercury oxide?
Here are the choices:
A. orange
B. green
C. red
D. yellow | Mercury(II) oxide is a red solid. When it is heated, it decomposes into mercury metal and oxygen gas. | C: red. |
At a convergent plate boundary, when one plate is oceanic, there are large what?
Here are the choices:
A. lakes
B. earthquakes
C. plateaus
D. volcanoes | At a convergent plate boundary, when one plate is oceanic, there are large volcanoes. These volcanoes are found in lines that outline the subduction zone. Earthquakes also happen in these zones. The Aleutian Islands that border southern Alaska are an island arc. In this winter image from space, the volcanoes are covered with snow. | D: volcanoes. |
What is the term for the wavelengths of light humans can see?
Here are the choices:
A. radiation
B. visible light
C. ultraviolet light
D. distinct light | Visible light is the wavelengths of light humans can see. | B: visible light. |
What is the charge on a single electron known as?
Here are the choices:
A. basic charge
B. elementary charge
C. fundamental charge
D. electron charge | The charge on a single electron is and is known as the elementary charge. | B: elementary charge. |
What mineral that occurs in bones helps combat osteoporosis?
Here are the choices:
A. calcium
B. magnesium
C. iron
D. potassium | Osteoporosis is a disease in which bones lose mass and become more fragile than they should be. Osteoporosis also makes bones more likely to break. Two of the easiest ways to prevent osteoporosis are eating a healthy diet that has the right amount of calcium and vitamin D and to do some sort of weight-bearing exercise every day. Foods that are a good source of calcium include milk, yogurt, and cheese. Non-dairy sources of calcium include Chinese cabbage, kale, and broccoli. Many fruit juices, fruit drinks, tofu, and cereals have calcium added to them. It is recommended that teenagers get 1300 mg of calcium every day. For example, one cup (8 fl. oz. ) of milk provides about 300 mg of calcium, or about 30% of the daily requirement. Other sources of calcium are pictured in the Figure below . | A: calcium. |
When the wind deposits sand, it forms small hills, what are these hills called?
Here are the choices:
A. sand dunes
B. sand tunnels
C. snow banks
D. mud puddles | When the wind deposits sand, it forms small hills. These hills are called sand dunes ( Figure below ). For sand dunes to form, there must be plenty of sand and wind. Sand dunes are found mainly in deserts and on beaches. | A: sand dunes. |
Carboxylic acids have an acidic hydrogen atom, but esters do not. what do esters have in place of an acidic hydrogen atom?
Here are the choices:
A. synthesis group
B. hydrocarbon group
C. carbonation group
D. crystallization group | Unlike ethers, esters have a carbonyl group. Unlike carboxylic acids, esters have no acidic hydrogen atom; they have a hydrocarbon group in its place. | B: hydrocarbon group. |
Latitude, humidity, and elevation affect the type of what, a term for a large naturally occurring community?
Here are the choices:
A. ecosystem
B. climate
C. biome
D. territory | Factors affecting biome type include latitude, humidity, and elevation. | C: biome. |
The distance between two crests of a wave of light is referred to as what, which is related to the color of light?
Here are the choices:
A. spectrum
B. magnitude
C. bandwidth
D. wavelength | wavelength : The distance between two crests of a wave of light. The color of light is related to its wavelength. This is inversely proportional to frequency. | D: wavelength. |
What is the basic unit of structure and function in all organisms?
Here are the choices:
A. the neutron
B. the cell
C. the electron
D. the atom | The cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all organisms. The Cell Theory states that all living things are made of one or more cells, or the secretions of those cells, such as the organisms shown in Figure below . For example, shell and bone are built by cells from substances that they secrete into their surroundings. Cells come from cells that already exist, that is, they do not suddenly appear from nowhere. In organisms that are made of many cells (called multicellular organisms), every cell in the organism's body derives from the single cell that results from a fertilized egg. You will learn more about cells and the Cell Theory in Cells: The Cell Theory (Advanced) concept. | B: the cell. |
Which organ in the human body filters blood and excretes urine?
Here are the choices:
A. the liver
B. the bladder
C. the thyroid
D. the kidney | The kidneys filter all the blood in the body many times each day and produce a total of about 1.5 liters of urine . The kidneys control the amount of water, ions, and other substances in the blood by excreting more or less of them in urine. The kidneys also secrete hormones that help maintain homeostasis. Erythropoietin , for example, is a kidney hormone that stimulates bone marrow to produce red blood cells when more are needed. They also secrete renin, which regulates blood pressure, and calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, which helps maintain calcium for bones. The kidneys themselves are also regulated by hormones. For example, antidiuretic hormone from the hypothalamus stimulates the kidneys to produce more concentrated urine when the body is low on water. | D: the kidney. |
Sugars are simple types of what biochemical compounds and possess relatively small molecules?
Here are the choices:
A. proteins
B. vegetables
C. carbohydrates
D. lipids | Carbohydrates are biochemical compounds that include sugar, starch, glycogen, and cellulose. Sugars are simple carbohydrates with relatively small molecules. Glucose is one of the smallest sugar molecules. Its chemical formula is C 6 H 12 O 6 . This means that a molecule of glucose contains 6 atoms of carbon, 12 atoms of hydrogen, and 6 atoms of oxygen. Plants and some other organisms make glucose in the process of photosynthesis. Living things that cannot make glucose can obtain it by consuming plants or organisms that consume plants. | C: carbohydrates. |
What type of tissue is blood?
Here are the choices:
A. epithelial
B. muscular
C. connective
D. nervous | Blood Blood is considered a connective tissue because it has a matrix, as shown in Figure 33.17. The living cell types are red blood cells (RBC), also called erythrocytes, and white blood cells (WBC), also called leukocytes. The fluid portion of whole blood, its matrix, is commonly called plasma. | C: connective. |
What is the force that causes objects to fall down to the ground?
Here are the choices:
A. motion
B. gravity
C. pull
D. velocity | Regardless of what gravity is — a force between masses or the result of curves in space and time — the effects of gravity on motion are well known. You already know that gravity causes objects to fall down to the ground. Gravity affects the motion of objects in other ways as well. | B: gravity. |
The distance of stars is measured in what terms, meaning the light takes many thousands of years to reach us?
Here are the choices:
A. light years
B. light hours
C. light months
D. light decades | Viewing distant stars is looking back in time. The stars we see are many thousands of light years away, which means the light takes many thousands of years to reach us. Thus the stars we see in the sky are how they looked thousands of years ago. | A: light years. |
What type of matter often sinks into cracks between rocks?
Here are the choices:
A. algae
B. energy
C. vapor
D. liquid | D: liquid. | |
Name a one-celled organism that can be found on your skin, in the ground, or in all different types of water.
Here are the choices:
A. bacteria
B. virus
C. pathogens
D. fungus | Cells are found in all different types of environments, and these environments are constantly changing. For example, one-celled organisms, like bacteria, can be found on your skin, in the ground, or in all different types of water. Therefore, cells need a way to protect themselves. This job is done by the cell membrane, which is also known as the plasma membrane. | A: bacteria. |
What type of power is generated using a nonrenewable resource?
Here are the choices:
A. wind power
B. solar power
C. water power
D. nuclear power | Chuck Szmurlo (Wikimedia: Cszmurlo). Nuclear power is generated using a nonrenewable resource . CC BY 2.5. | D: nuclear power. |
The earth is tilted on its what?
Here are the choices:
A. axis
B. radius
C. top
D. compass | The Earth is tilted on its axis ( Figure above ). This means that as the Earth rotates, one hemisphere has longer days with shorter nights. At the same time the other hemisphere has shorter days and longer nights. For example, in the Northern hemisphere summer begins on June 21. On this date, the North Pole is pointed directly toward the Sun. This is the longest day and shortest night of the year in the Northern Hemisphere. The South Pole is pointed away from the Sun. This means that the Southern Hemisphere experiences its longest night and shortest day ( Figure below ). | A: axis. |
What can human facial expressions communicate?
Here are the choices:
A. emotions
B. ideas
C. theories
D. behaviors | Human facial expressions can communicate a range of emotions. | A: emotions. |
What are the two types of vascular plants?
Here are the choices:
A. dahlias and seed
B. ants and seed
C. Water and spore
D. seedless and seed | Vascular plants are further divided into seedless and seed plants. | D: seedless and seed. |
What type of flexion is the bending of the neck or body toward the right or left side?
Here are the choices:
A. orbital
B. ventral
C. lateral
D. cylindrical | Flexion and Extension Flexion and extension are movements that take place within the sagittal plane and involve anterior or posterior movements of the body or limbs. For the vertebral column, flexion (anterior flexion) is an anterior (forward) bending of the neck or body, while extension involves a posterior-directed motion, such as straightening from a flexed position or bending backward. Lateral flexion is the bending of the neck or body toward the right or left side. These movements of the vertebral column involve both the symphysis joint formed by each intervertebral disc, as well as the plane type of synovial joint formed between the inferior articular processes of one vertebra and the superior articular processes of the next lower vertebra. In the limbs, flexion decreases the angle between the bones (bending of the joint), while extension increases the angle and straightens the joint. For the upper limb, all anterior-going motions are flexion and all posterior-going motions are extension. | C: lateral. |
Common wisdom has it that the temporal bone (temporal = “time”) is so named because this area of the head (the temple) is where hair typically first turns gray, indicating the passage of what?
Here are the choices:
A. ships
B. birth
C. wealth
D. time | Temporal Bone The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull (see Figure 7.5). Common wisdom has it that the temporal bone (temporal = “time”) is so named because this area of the head (the temple) is where hair typically first turns gray, indicating the passage of time. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions (Figure 7.7). The flattened, upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting inferiorly from this region is a large prominence, the mastoid process, which serves as a muscle attachment site. The mastoid process can easily be felt on the side of the head just behind your earlobe. On the interior of the skull, the petrous portion of each. | D: time. |
Catenulids typically reproduce asexually by budding where?
Here are the choices:
A. their analogous end
B. their anterior end
C. their neuronal end
D. their posterior end | D: their posterior end. | |
What gland secretes a fluid that mixes with sperm to help form semen?
Here are the choices:
A. thyroid
B. prostate gland
C. thy·mus
D. testicle | The prostate gland secretes a fluid that mixes with sperm to help form semen. Semen is a whitish liquid that contains sperm. It passes through the urethra and out of the body. | B: prostate gland. |
During an earthquake what causes seismic waves?
Here are the choices:
A. rock displacement
B. low tide
C. high winds
D. Currents | In an earthquake, seismic waves are generated by rock displacement. | A: rock displacement. |
What term describes waves that travel through matter?
Here are the choices:
A. heat waves
B. water waves
C. replaced waves
D. mechanical waves | Waves that travel through matter—such as the fabric of a flag—are called mechanical waves. The matter they travel through is called the medium. When the energy of a wave passes through the medium, particles of the medium move. The more energy the wave has, the farther the particles of the medium move. The distance the particles move is measured by the wave’s amplitude. | D: mechanical waves. |
What type of radioactive decay is generally only dangerous when emitted inside the body?
Here are the choices:
A. ionic decay
B. alpha decay
C. nucleus decay
D. variant decay | All types of radioactive decay pose risks to living things, but alpha decay is the least dangerous. That’s because alpha particles are relatively heavy, so they can travel only a few centimeters through the air. They also are not very penetrating. For example, they can’t pass through a sheet of paper or thin layer of clothing. They may burn the skin, but they can’t penetrate to the tissues underneath the skin. However, if alpha particles are emitted inside the body, they can do more damage. One way this can happen is by inhaling cigarette smoke. People who smoke actually inhale the radioactive element polonium-210. It undergoes alpha decay in the lungs. Over time, exposure to alpha particles may cause lung cancer. | B: alpha decay. |
Energy that is stored in a person or object is called?
Here are the choices:
A. vertical energy
B. mechanical energy
C. potential energy
D. kinetic energy | Potential energy is energy that is stored in a person or object. | C: potential energy. |
What is a sac filled with fluid or other material?
Here are the choices:
A. Golgi apparatus
B. a lesion
C. a receptacle
D. a cyst | Cysts may develop in the ovaries. A cyst is a sac filled with fluid or other material. Ovarian cysts are usually harmless and often disappear on their own. However, some cysts may be painful and require surgery. | D: a cyst. |
What is released during an enthalpy reaction?
Here are the choices:
A. gold
B. sound
C. precipitation
D. heat | The enthalpy of the reactants is greater than the enthalpy of the products. During the course of the reaction, heat is released to the surroundings. | D: heat. |
Solutions of ionic compounds and melted ionic compounds conduct what?
Here are the choices:
A. sound waves
B. electricity
C. radiation
D. light | Solutions of ionic compounds and melted ionic compounds conduct electricity, but solid materials do not. | B: electricity. |
Quantum mechanics involves the study of material at what level?
Here are the choices:
A. chemical
B. atomic
C. cellular
D. physical | Quantum mechanics involves the study of material at the atomic level. | B: atomic. |
What is the name of muscular blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart?
Here are the choices:
A. tubes
B. arteries
C. Veins
D. Aorta | Arteries are muscular blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. They have thick walls that can withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart. Arteries generally carry oxygen-rich blood. The largest artery is the aorta, which receives blood directly from the heart. It branches to form smaller and smaller arteries throughout the body. The smallest arteries are called arterioles. | B: arteries. |
He mass spectrometer measures the percent abundance of different what?
Here are the choices:
A. Proteins
B. organisms
C. reactions
D. isotopes | The mass spectrometer measures the percent abundance of different isotopes in a given sample. | D: isotopes. |
For what kind of animal is communication essential?
Here are the choices:
A. social animals
B. migrating animals
C. anti-social animals
D. new born animals | Communication is any way that animals share information. Many animals live in social groups. For these animals, being able to communicate is essential. Communicating increases the ability of group members to cooperate and avoid conflict. Communication may help animals work together to find food and defend themselves from predators. It also helps them find mates and care for their offspring. In addition, communication helps adult animals teach the next generation learned behaviors. Therefore, communication generally improves the chances of animals surviving and reproducing. | A: social animals. |
The wavelength of a wave is the distance between corresponding points on what?
Here are the choices:
A. adjacent waves
B. basic waves
C. spectrum
D. distant waves | Q: The wavelength of a wave is the distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves. For example, it is the distance between two adjacent crests in the transverse waves in the diagram. Infer how wave frequency is related to wavelength. | A: adjacent waves. |
Sandblasting a surface exemplifies what form of erosion?
Here are the choices:
A. glacial
B. water
C. abrasion
D. wind | Did you ever see workers sandblasting a building to clean it? Sand is blown onto the surface to scour away dirt and debris. Wind-blown sand has the same effect. It scours and polishes rocks and other surfaces. Wind-blown sand may carve rocks into interesting shapes ( Figure below ). This form of erosion is called abrasion. It occurs any time rough sediments are blown or dragged over surfaces. Can you think of other ways abrasion might occur?. | C: abrasion. |
How do fungus-like protists such as slime molds reproduce?
Here are the choices:
A. photosynthesis
B. sexually
C. with spores
D. asexually | Fungus-like protists are molds. They are absorptive feeders, found on decaying organic matter. They resemble fungi and reproduce with spores as fungi do. Examples of fungus-like protists include slime molds and water molds. | C: with spores. |
Exchange occurs directly with the external environment in what type of organisms?
Here are the choices:
A. multicellular organisms
B. unicellular organisms
C. cell clusters
D. hematopoietic organisms | B: unicellular organisms. | |
Which part of a neuron contains the nucleus and most of the major organelles?
Here are the choices:
A. organ body
B. simple body
C. cell body
D. retinal body | Parts of a Neuron As you learned in the first section, the main part of a neuron is the cell body, which is also known as the soma (soma = “body”). The cell body contains the nucleus and most of the major organelles. But what makes neurons special is that they have many extensions of their cell membranes, which are generally referred to as processes. Neurons are usually described as having one, and only one, axon—a fiber that emerges from the cell body and projects to target cells. That single axon can branch repeatedly to communicate with many target cells. It is the axon that propagates the nerve impulse, which is communicated to one or more cells. The other processes of the neuron are dendrites, which receive information from other neurons at specialized areas of contact called synapses. The dendrites are usually highly branched processes, providing locations for other neurons to communicate with the cell body. Information flows through a neuron from the dendrites, across the cell body, and down the axon. This gives the neuron a polarity—meaning that information flows in this one direction. Figure 12.8 shows the relationship of these parts to one another. | C: cell body. |
The oceans affect earth’s atmosphere and influence its what?
Here are the choices:
A. climate
B. volcanoes
C. earthquakes
D. mountains | Much of Earth’s surface is covered with oceans. That’s why Earth is called the “water planet. ” Without all that water, Earth would be a very different place. The oceans affect Earth’s atmosphere and influence its climate. An incredible diversity of living things inhabit the ocean as well. You might think that oceans have always covered Earth’s surface, but you would be wrong!. | A: climate. |
What are surrounded by a cell wall consisting of peptidoglycan?
Here are the choices:
A. amoeba
B. protozoa
C. bacteria
D. viruses | Bacteria are surrounded by a cell wall consisting of peptidoglycan . This complex molecule consists of sugars and amino acids. The cell wall is important for protecting bacteria. The cell wall is so important that some antibiotics, such as penicillin, kill bacteria by preventing the cell wall from forming. | C: bacteria. |
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