questions stringlengths 37 1.22k | reasoning stringlengths 0 3.56k ⌀ | answers stringlengths 4 138 |
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Snake venom may join the class of drugs collectively known as thrombolytic agents, which can help speed up the degradation of an abnormal what?
Here are the choices:
A. bleed
B. clot
C. brain
D. bone | on a daily basis as a preventive measure. However, aspirin can also lead to serious side effects, including increasing the risk of ulcers. A patient is well advised to consult a physician before beginning any aspirin regimen. A class of drugs collectively known as thrombolytic agents can help speed up the degradation o... | B: clot. |
Thousands of receptor cells that detect the sex attractant equip each filament of what structure?
Here are the choices:
A. flagella
B. antenna
C. molecule
D. optic nerve | B: antenna. | |
All solutions contain at least how many substances?
Here are the choices:
A. two
B. one
C. three
D. four | All solutions contain at least two substances. | A: two. |
Life probably began where?
Here are the choices:
A. oceans
B. rocks
C. the Sun
D. caves | Life probably began in the oceans. No one knows exactly how or when. Life may have originated more than once. If life began before the Moon formed, that impact would have wiped it out. Then life would have had to originate again. Eventually conditions on Earth became less violent. The planet could support life. | A: oceans. |
An enzyme is an organic catalyst produced by what?
Here are the choices:
A. DNA
B. amino acid
C. the liver
D. living cell | An enzyme is an organic catalyst produced by a living cell. Enzymes are such powerful catalysts that the reactions they promote occur rapidly at body temperature. Without the help of enzymes, these reactions would require high temperatures and long reaction times. The molecule or molecules on which an enzyme acts are c... | D: living cell. |
Gasoline is derived from which other liquid?
Here are the choices:
A. liquid propane
B. carbon
C. oil
D. water | Yes, we will use up all our gasoline eventually. Gasoline is derived from oil. Oil deposits were formed over hundreds of millions of years. They cannot be quickly replenished. Oil is an example of a nonrenewable resource. | C: oil. |
What is the disease in which cells grow out of control and form abnormal masses?
Here are the choices:
A. diabetes
B. cancer
C. bronchitis
D. HIV | Cancer is a disease in which cells grow out of control and form abnormal masses of cells. It is generally caused by mutations in genes that regulate the cell cycle. Because of the mutations, cells with damaged DNA are allowed to divide without limits. Cancer genes can be inherited. You can learn more about hereditary c... | B: cancer. |
What travels at a rate of 300,000 kilometers per second, or nearly instantaneously?
Here are the choices:
A. gravity
B. light
C. sound
D. air | The speed of sound in air is approximately , where is the temperature of the air in Celsius. The speed of light is 300,000 km/sec, which means it travels from one place to another on Earth more or less instantaneously. Let’s say on a cool night (air temperature Celsius) you see lightning flash and then hear the thunder... | B: light. |
When atomic orbitals hybridize, the valence electrons occupy these?
Here are the choices:
A. newly created orbitals
B. expanded pathways
C. newly developed orbits
D. newly created elements | When atomic orbitals hybridize, the valence electrons occupy the newly created orbitals. The Be atom had two valence electrons, so each of the sp orbitals gets one of these electrons. Each of these electrons pairs up with the unpaired electron on a chlorine atom when a hybrid orbital and a chlorine orbital overlap duri... | A: newly created orbitals. |
Roundworms feed on various things, one of them being decaying organic matter. doing this, they play an important role in what famous cycle?
Here are the choices:
A. carbon cycle
B. soul cycle
C. water cycle
D. life cycle | Roundworms may be free-living or parasitic. Free-living worms are found mainly in freshwater habitats. Some live in soil. They generally feed on bacteria, fungi, protozoans, or decaying organic matter. By breaking down organic matter, they play an important role in the carbon cycle. | A: carbon cycle. |
In preparation for phagocytosis, a portion of the inward-facing surface of the plasma membrane becomes coated with a protein called clathrin, which stabilizes this section of what?
Here are the choices:
A. mitochondria
B. particles
C. nuclei
D. membrane | In preparation for phagocytosis, a portion of the inward-facing surface of the plasma membrane becomes coated with a protein called clathrin, which stabilizes this section of the membrane. The coated portion of the membrane then extends from the body of the cell and surrounds the particle, eventually enclosing it. Once... | D: membrane. |
What is the main form of energy storage in plants?
Here are the choices:
A. liquid
B. starch
C. nitrogen
D. dioxide | Many simple sugars can combine by repeated condensation reactions until a very large molecule is formed. A polysaccharide is a complex carbohydrate polymer formed from the linkage of many monosaccharide monomers. One of the best known polysaccharides is starch, the main form of energy storage in plants. Starch is a sta... | B: starch. |
Something supplied by nature that helps support life, including ecosystems as well as minerals and fossil fuels, is called a what?
Here are the choices:
A. artificial resource
B. fluid resource
C. visible resource
D. natural resource | A natural resource is something supplied by nature that helps support life. When you think of natural resources, you may think of minerals and fossil fuels. However, ecosystems and the services they provide are also natural resources. Biodiversity is a natural resource as well. | D: natural resource. |
Initial substances are called reactants, and the final substances are called what?
Here are the choices:
A. imports
B. exports
C. products
D. reactors | H2 + O2 → H2O This is an example of a chemical equation, which is a concise way of representing a chemical reaction. The initial substances are called reactants, and the final substances are called products. Unfortunately, it is also an incomplete chemical equation. The law of conservation of matter says that matter ca... | C: products. |
What were the electrons initially called?
Here are the choices:
A. cathode rays
B. polymer rays
C. gamma rays
D. plasma rays | Negatively charged and has a very small mass compared to the mass of other subatomic particles. Electrons were initially called cathode rays. | A: cathode rays. |
What is the type of energy that involves movement?
Here are the choices:
A. light energy
B. thermal energy
C. molecular energy
D. mechanical energy | All of the examples of potential energy described above involve movement or the potential to move. The form of energy that involves movement is called mechanical energy. Other forms of energy also involve potential energy, including chemical energy and nuclear energy. Chemical energy is stored in the bonds between the ... | D: mechanical energy. |
What do sharks use to secrete salt to assist in osmoregulation?
Here are the choices:
A. rectal gland
B. blood gland
C. bladder gland
D. ceramic gland | animals exposed to similar levels of urea. Sharks are cartilaginous fish with a rectal gland to secrete salt and assist in osmoregulation. | A: rectal gland. |
Why do viruses not belong to any domain of life?
Here are the choices:
A. they are mortal
B. they are immortal
C. they are nonliving
D. they are too mature | Which of the three domains of life do viruses belong to? None. Why? Viruses are usually considered to be nonliving. Viruses do not meet most of the criteria of life. They are not even made of cells. | C: they are nonliving. |
What is a change in the sequence of bases in dna or rna called?
Here are the choices:
A. infection
B. radiation
C. mutation
D. evolution | A change in the sequence of bases in DNA or RNA is called a mutation . Does the word mutation make you think of science fiction and bug-eyed monsters? Think again. Everyone has mutations. In fact, most people have dozens or even hundreds of mutations in their DNA. Mutations are essential for evolution to occur. They ar... | C: mutation. |
Metallic solids are composed entirely of which atoms?
Here are the choices:
A. metals
B. metallic
C. organic
D. toxic | Metallic solids are composed entirely of metallic atoms. In other solid structures, the electrons involved in bonding tend to be localized, or fixed in place in the covalent bonds. However, the electrons in metallic bonds are delocalized over the entire crystal. The fact that the electrons are free to move between diff... | B: metallic. |
What compound gives tarnished copper it's green color?
Here are the choices:
A. brass
B. copper carbonate
C. zinc
D. bronze | A: The copper has become tarnished. The tarnish—also called patina—is a compound called copper carbonate, which is green. Copper carbonate forms when copper undergoes a chemical reaction with carbon dioxide in moist air. The green patina that forms on copper actually preserves the underlying metal. That’s why it’s not ... | B: copper carbonate. |
As the population grows, competition for food does what?
Here are the choices:
A. stagnates
B. grows
C. decreases
D. stays the same | inviability because the hybrid organisms simply are not viable. In another postzygotic situation, reproduction leads to the birth and growth of a hybrid that is sterile and unable to reproduce offspring of their own; this is called hybrid sterility. Habitat Influence on Speciation Sympatric speciation may also take pla... | B: grows. |
What is the property by which water molecules stick together?
Here are the choices:
A. tension
B. vitality
C. cohesion
D. plasticity | Water has some unusual properties due to its hydrogen bonds. One property is cohesion , the tendency for water molecules to stick together. The cohesive forces between water molecules are responsible for the phenomenon known as surface tension . The molecules at the surface do not have other like molecules on all sides... | C: cohesion. |
What is the main sex hormone in males called?
Here are the choices:
A. methane
B. caffeine
C. estrogen
D. testosterone | Testosterone is the main sex hormone in males. Hormones are chemicals that control many body processes. Testosterone has two major roles:. | D: testosterone. |
What is the name of the tube that joins the mouth to the digestive and respiratory tracts?
Here are the choices:
A. larynx
B. esophagus
C. fallopian tube
D. pharynx | Pharyngeal slits : Pharyngeal slits are located in the pharynx. The pharynx is the tube that joins the mouth to the digestive and respiratory tracts. | D: pharynx. |
Unlike bryophyte and fern spores (which are haploid cells dependent on moisture for rapid development of gametophytes), seeds contain a diploid embryo that will germinate into what?
Here are the choices:
A. sporophyte
B. ovary
C. sperm
D. gametophyte | Seeds and Pollen as an Evolutionary Adaptation to Dry Land Unlike bryophyte and fern spores (which are haploid cells dependent on moisture for rapid development of gametophytes), seeds contain a diploid embryo that will germinate into a sporophyte. Storage tissue to sustain growth and a protective coat give seeds their... | A: sporophyte. |
Limestone is insoluble in water, so what can dissolve it?
Here are the choices:
A. calcium
B. acid
C. oxygen
D. dioxide | An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into chemically simpler components. Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances. | B: acid. |
Monatomic ions have an oxidation number equal to their what?
Here are the choices:
A. size
B. length
C. cost
D. charge | Monatomic ions have an oxidation number equal to their charge. Li + has an oxidation state of +1, Ba 2+ has an oxidation state of +2, I - has an oxidation state of -1, and so on. | D: charge. |
Some flatworms are free-living carnivores that live mainly in which type of habitats?
Here are the choices:
A. freshwater
B. aquatic
C. Deciduous forest
D. Desert | Many flatworms are parasites with vertebrate hosts. Some are free-living carnivores that live mainly in aquatic habitats. | B: aquatic. |
Characterized by a short lifespan, what begin with production in the bone marrow under the influence of csfs and interleukins?
Here are the choices:
A. erythrocytes
B. leukocytes
C. solutes
D. pathogens | Lifecycle of Leukocytes Most leukocytes have a relatively short lifespan, typically measured in hours or days. Production of all leukocytes begins in the bone marrow under the influence of CSFs and interleukins. Secondary production and maturation of lymphocytes occurs in specific regions of lymphatic tissue known as g... | B: leukocytes. |
What force is perpendicular to velocity and causes uniform circular motion?
Here are the choices:
A. tangential force
B. centripetal torque
C. circular friction
D. centripetal force | Figure 6.11 The frictional force supplies the centripetal force and is numerically equal to it. Centripetal force is perpendicular to velocity and causes uniform circular motion. The larger the F c , the smaller the radius of curvature r and the sharper the curve. The second curve has the same v , but a larger. | D: centripetal force. |
What are physical properties that do not depend on the substance present called?
Here are the choices:
A. internal properties
B. multilateral properties
C. extensive properties
D. intensive properties | Physical properties that do not depend on the amount of substance present are called intensive properties . Intensive properties do not change with changes of size, shape, or scale. Examples of intensive properties are as follows in the Table below . | D: intensive properties. |
What does the secretion of the hormone cholecystokinin stimulate the release of?
Here are the choices:
A. pancreatic juices, bile
B. urea
C. insulin and pepsin
D. sweat, saliva | Secretion of the hormone cholecystokinin, which stimulates release of pancreatic juices and bile. | A: pancreatic juices, bile. |
What term is used to describe the electrostatic process used by most copy machines?
Here are the choices:
A. microphotography
B. xerography
C. electrography
D. titanomachy | Xerography Most copy machines use an electrostatic process called xerography—a word coined from the Greek words xeros for dry and graphos for writing. The heart of the process is shown in simplified form in Figure 18.39. A selenium-coated aluminum drum is sprayed with positive charge from points on a device called a co... | B: xerography. |
Symptoms of viral diseases result from what kind of response to a virus?
Here are the choices:
A. infection
B. immune
C. mutation
D. pathogenic | Steps of Virus Infections A virus must use cell processes to replicate. The viral replication cycle can produce dramatic biochemical and structural changes in the host cell, which may cause cell damage. These changes, called cytopathic (causing cell damage) effects, can change cell functions or even destroy the cell. S... | B: immune. |
The most common carbon atoms have six protons and six neutrons in their what?
Here are the choices:
A. nuclei
B. membrane
C. neuron
D. ribosomes | E XA MP L E 1 1. The most common carbon atoms have six protons and six neutrons in their nuclei. What are the atomic number and the mass number of these carbon atoms?. | A: nuclei. |
What type of organisms have internal clocks that regulate cyclic processes?
Here are the choices:
A. eukaryotic
B. endogenous
C. protozoa
D. fungi | A: eukaryotic. | |
How often does condensation occur in your cells?
Here are the choices:
A. never
B. daily
C. weekly
D. constantly | Condensation occurs in your cells constantly. It occurs in the form of a chemical reaction. These condensation reactions involve the formation of a water molecule from two other molecules. Water forms when two molecules, such as amino acids or monosaccharides, are joined together. The amino acids join together to form ... | D: constantly. |
Overharvesting is a serious threat particularly to which species?
Here are the choices:
A. terrestrial species
B. aerial species
C. aquatic species
D. amphibious species | Overharvesting Overharvesting is a serious threat to many species, but particularly to aquatic species. There are many examples of regulated fisheries (including hunting of marine mammals and harvesting of crustaceans and other species) monitored by fisheries. | C: aquatic species. |
What are the cells that break down inorganic molecules to supply energy for the cell, and use carbon dioxide as a carbon source?
Here are the choices:
A. staurikosaurus
B. Sediments
C. chemoautotrophs
D. fluctuations | Chemoautotrophs are cells that break down inorganic molecules to supply energy for the cell, and use carbon dioxide as a carbon source. Chemoautotrophs include prokaryotes that break down hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S the “rotten egg” smelling gas), and ammonia (NH 4 ). Nitrosomonas , a species of soil bacterium, oxidizes NH... | C: chemoautotrophs. |
Each type of electromagnetic radiation has a characteristic range of wavelengths. the longer the wavelength (or the more stretched out it appears), the less energy is carried. short, tight waves carry what?
Here are the choices:
A. kinetic energy
B. heat
C. most energy
D. sound | Each type of electromagnetic radiation has a characteristic range of wavelengths. The longer the wavelength (or the more stretched out it appears), the less energy is carried. Short, tight waves carry the most energy. This may seem illogical, but think of it in terms of a piece of moving rope. It takes little effort by... | C: most energy. |
What are clouds on earth made of?
Here are the choices:
A. water vapor
B. carbon dioxide gas
C. rain
D. ozone | Clouds on Earth are made of water vapor. Venus's clouds are a lot less pleasant. They are made of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and large amounts of corrosive sulfuric acid! Scientists think the color of sunlight on Venus is reddish-brown. | A: water vapor. |
What do extensive properties depend on the amount of?
Here are the choices:
A. sample temperature
B. matter in a sample
C. experimental controls
D. independent variables | Normally, electric charge is transferred when electrons leave the outer orbits of the atoms of one body (leaving it positively charged) and move to the surface of another body (causing the new surface to gain a negative net charge). In a plasma all electrons are stripped from the atoms, leaving positively charged ions ... | B: matter in a sample. |
What is the term for the rate at which velocity changes?
Here are the choices:
A. acceleration
B. compression
C. stability
D. transmission | Acceleration is a measure of the change in velocity of a moving object. It measures the rate at which velocity changes. Velocity, in turn, is a measure of the speed and direction of motion, so a change in velocity may reflect a change in speed, a change in direction, or both. Both velocity and acceleration are vectors.... | A: acceleration. |
What determines which codon in the mrna the trna will bind to?
Here are the choices:
A. gene
B. exon
C. amnion
D. anticodon | The tRNA structure is a very important aspect in its role. Though the molecule folds into a 3-leaf clover structure, notice the anticodon arm in the lower segment of the molecule, with the amino acid attached at the opposite end of the molecule (acceptor stem). It is the anticodon that determines which codon in the mRN... | D: anticodon. |
What is the term for the complete set of genes and alleles within a population?
Here are the choices:
A. the chromosomal pool
B. the ancestral pool
C. the gene pool
D. the biodiversity pool | Since natural selection acts on the phenotype, if an allele causes death in a homozygous individual, aa , for example, it will not cause death in a heterozygous Aa individual. These heterozygous Aa individuals will then act as carriers of the a allele, meaning that the a allele could be passed down to offspring. People... | C: the gene pool. |
What unit of pressure is named for the scientist whose discoveries about pressure in fluids led to a law of the same name?
Here are the choices:
A. pascal
B. newton
C. ohm
D. joule | In the above equation for pressure, force is expressed in Newtons (N) and area is expressed in square meters (m 2 ). Therefore, pressure is expressed in N/m 2 , which is the SI unit for pressure. This unit is also called the Pascal (Pa) . It is named for the scientist Blaise Pascal whose discoveries about pressure in f... | A: pascal. |
Oxygen and what are required for rust to form?
Here are the choices:
A. pressure
B. water
C. air
D. carbon | Metallic Iron"). Instead, the rust continually flakes off to expose a fresh metal surface vulnerable to reaction with oxygen and water. Because both oxygen and water are required for rust to form, an iron nail immersed in. | B: water. |
What is the process called in which a magnet loses its magnetic properties?
Here are the choices:
A. polarization
B. vectorization
C. demagnetization
D. diffusion | If you stroke an iron nail with a bar magnet, the nail will become a permanent (or at least long-lasting) magnet. Its magnetic domains will remain aligned even after you remove it from the magnetic field of the bar magnet. Permanent magnets can be demagnetized, however, if they are dropped or heated to high temperature... | C: demagnetization. |
The earliest animals were which kind of invertebrates?
Here are the choices:
A. dinosaurs
B. insects
C. mammals
D. aquatic | The partial geologic time scale in Figure below shows when some of the major events in animal evolution took place. The oldest animal fossils are about 630 million years old, so presumably animals evolved around that time or somewhat earlier. The earliest animals were aquatic invertebrates. The first vertebrates evolve... | D: aquatic. |
A lake is an example of what type of biome?
Here are the choices:
A. organic biome
B. wet biome
C. natural biome
D. freshwater biome | A lake is an example of a freshwater biome. Water in a lake generally forms three different zones based on water depth and distance from shore. | D: freshwater biome. |
What kinds of waves are composed of various oscillating electric and magnetic fields?
Here are the choices:
A. electromagnetic
B. elastic
C. tidal
D. seismic | Figure 27.45 illustrates how the component of the electric field parallel to the long molecules is absorbed. An electromagnetic wave is composed of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. The electric field is strong compared with the magnetic field and is more effective in exerting force on charges in the molecules.... | A: electromagnetic. |
When is the sun directly over the equator?
Here are the choices:
A. equinox
B. Winter
C. Fall
D. Midsummer | Solstice refers to the position of the Sun when it is closest to one of the poles. At equinox, the Sun is directly over the Equator. | A: equinox. |
What does the base of a nucleotide within dna consist of?
Here are the choices:
A. protein
B. hydrogen
C. nitrogen
D. ribosomes | It was known that DNA is composed of nucleotides , each of which contains a nitrogen-containing base, a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), and a phosphate group. In these nucleotides, there is one of the four possible bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), or thymine (T) ( Figure below ). Adenine and guanine are ... | C: nitrogen. |
Which bones are flat and triangular and located at the back of the pectoral girdle?
Here are the choices:
A. cochlea
B. laminae
C. scapulae
D. vertebrae | The clavicles are S-shaped bones that position the arms on the body. The clavicles lie horizontally across the front of the thorax (chest) just above the first rib. These bones are fairly fragile and are susceptible to fractures. For example, a fall with the arms outstretched causes the force to be transmitted to the c... | C: scapulae. |
What always has the same elements in the same ratio?
Here are the choices:
A. mitochondria
B. cell
C. compound
D. component | A compound always consists of the same elements in the same ratio. If the same elements combine in different ratios, they form different compounds. | C: compound. |
Prior to ovulation, ovarian steroid hormones stimulate the uterus to prepare for support of what?
Here are the choices:
A. fetus
B. fertilization
C. childbirth
D. embryo | D: embryo. | |
All polar compounds contain what type of bonds?
Here are the choices:
A. polar
B. balanced
C. strong
D. weak | Polar compounds, such as water, are compounds that have a partial negative charge on one side of each molecule and a partial positive charge on the other side. All polar compounds contain polar bonds (although not all compounds that contain polar bonds are polar. ) In a polar bond, two atoms share electrons unequally. ... | A: polar. |
What often occurs on steep slopes in dry climates?
Here are the choices:
A. earthquakes
B. volcanoes
C. tsunamis
D. landslides | Landslides often occur on steep slopes in dry or semi-arid climates. The California coastline, with its steep cliffs and years of drought punctuated by seasons of abundant rainfall, is prone to landslides. Wet soil becomes slippery and heavy. Earthquakes often trigger landslides. The shaking ground causes soil and rock... | D: landslides. |
What kind of organisms have many different types of specialized cells with particular jobs?
Here are the choices:
A. monocellular
B. crude
C. intricate
D. multicellular | All living cells have certain things in common. Besides having the basic parts described above, all cells can perform the same basic functions. For example, all cells can use energy, respond to their environment, and reproduce. However, cells may also have special functions. Multicellular organisms such as you have man... | D: multicellular. |
Part of the scientific process, these are statistical probabilities rather than certainties?
Here are the choices:
A. assumptions
B. results
C. predictions
D. Hypothesis | C: predictions. | |
Ecology is a major branch of what higher-level "classification" of science?
Here are the choices:
A. geology
B. chemistry
C. biology
D. physics | Ecology is the study of how living things interact with each other and with their environment. It is a major branch of biology, but has areas of overlap with geography, geology, climatology, and other sciences. The study of ecology begins with two fundamental concepts in ecology: the ecosystem and their organisms. | C: biology. |
What is necessary for organisms to survive in the deepest parts of the ocean?
Here are the choices:
A. competition
B. reflexes
C. adaptations
D. mutation | There are few organisms that live in the deepest ocean. The ones that do have amazing adaptations to the exceptionally harsh conditions. | C: adaptations. |
What is the process of larva becoming an adult called?
Here are the choices:
A. synthesis
B. parthenogenesis
C. evolution
D. metamorphosis | After hatching, most arthropods go through one or more larval stages before reaching adulthood. The larvae may look very different from the adults. They change into the adult form in a process called metamorphosis. During metamorphosis, the arthropod is called a pupa. It may or may not spend this stage inside a special... | D: metamorphosis. |
Capillaries rejoin to form venules, which convey blood to what?
Here are the choices:
A. glands
B. veins
C. extremities
D. arteries | B: veins. | |
Although it is not vital to humans, calcitonin is important for calcium homeostasis in adults of some species in what group characterized by backbones?
Here are the choices:
A. mammals
B. invertebrates
C. vertebrates
D. reptiles | C: vertebrates. | |
What force holds planets in their orbits?
Here are the choices:
A. centrifuge
B. Big Bang
C. gravity
D. magnetism | Planets are held in their orbits by the force of gravity. What would happen without gravity? Imagine that you are swinging a ball on a string in a circular motion. Now let go of the string. The ball will fly away from you in a straight line. It was the string pulling on the ball that kept the ball moving in a circle. T... | C: gravity. |
The nature of what gives metals the properties of being ductile and malleable?
Here are the choices:
A. liquid bonds
B. titanium bonds
C. magneticism
D. metallic bonds | Because of their freely moving electrons, metals are good conductors of electricity. Metals also can be shaped without breaking. They are ductile (can be shaped into wires) and malleable (can be shaped into thin sheets). Metals have these properties because of the nature of their metallic bonds. | D: metallic bonds. |
What are the special compartments that are surrounded by membranes inside eukaryotic cells called?
Here are the choices:
A. chloroplasts
B. vacuoles
C. ribosomes
D. organelles | Eukaryotic cells contain special compartments surrounded by membranes, called organelles. For example, notice in this image the mitochondria, lysosomes, and Golgi apparatus. | D: organelles. |
Molds and casts usually form in which type of rock?
Here are the choices:
A. igneous
B. crystalline
C. sedimentary
D. metamorphic | Molds and casts are another way organisms can be fossilized. A mold is an imprint of an organism left in rock. The organism's remains break down completely. Rock that fills in the mold resembles the original remains. The fossil that forms in the mold is called a cast ( Figure below ). Molds and casts usually form in se... | C: sedimentary. |
What is a hole that is dug or drilled through the ground down to an aquifer called?
Here are the choices:
A. well
B. moat
C. ditch
D. canal | Most groundwater does not flow out of an aquifer as a spring or geyser. So to use the water that's stored in an aquifer, people must go after it. How? They dig a well. A well ( Figure below ) is a hole that is dug or drilled through the ground down to an aquifer. | A: well. |
When is a moving car said to be in dynamic equilibrium?
Here are the choices:
A. at homeostasis
B. zero net force
C. at rest
D. when accelerating | Figure 9.3 This car is in dynamic equilibrium because it is moving at constant velocity. There are horizontal and vertical forces, but the net external force in any direction is zero. The applied force F app between the tires and the road is balanced by air friction, and the weight of the car is supported by the normal... | B: zero net force. |
Every chemical reaction between molecules involves breaking and forming of what?
Here are the choices:
A. orbits
B. atomic pathways
C. ions
D. bonds | D: bonds. | |
The mass percentage of a solution component is defined as the ratio of the component’s mass to ________?
Here are the choices:
A. solvent's mass
B. enough ’ s mass
C. solution ’ s mass
D. liquid's mass | Mass Percentage Earlier in this chapter, we introduced percent composition as a measure of the relative amount of a given element in a compound. Percentages are also commonly used to express the composition of mixtures, including solutions. The mass percentage of a solution component is defined as the ratio of the comp... | C: solution ’ s mass. |
Harmful instances of what can result in errors in protein sequence that yield non-functional proteins?
Here are the choices:
A. bioaccumulation
B. mutation
C. infection
D. radiation | Harmful mutations can result in errors in protein sequence, creating partially or completely non-functional proteins. | B: mutation. |
When dissolved in water, the base sodium hydroxide (naoh) produces sodium ions with what charge?
Here are the choices:
A. similar
B. constant
C. negative
D. positive | An acid also produces negative ions, and a base also produces positive ions. For example, the acid hydrogen chloride (HCl), when dissolved in water, produces negative chloride ions (Cl - ) as well as hydrogen ions. The base sodium hydroxide (NaOH) produces positive sodium ions (Na + ) in addition to hydroxide ions. The... | D: positive. |
What precious resource allows us to grow food as well as materials we turn into clothing and medicine?
Here are the choices:
A. gasoline
B. mercury
C. soil
D. petroleum | Soil is a precious resource. It allows us to grow food and the materials we use to make everything from the shirt you have on to the medicine you took this morning. Soil is made up of small pieces of rock that have broken down over hundreds, if not thousands, of years. Soil is also partly made up of the remains of plan... | C: soil. |
In what part of the body do escherichia coli bacteria live?
Here are the choices:
A. your urethra
B. your intestines
C. your kidneys
D. your brain | There are many different types of symbiotic interactions between organisms. Clockwise from top left: Escherichia coli bacteria live inside your intestines in a mutualistic relationship: the bacteria produce Vitamin K for you, and they get their food from what you eat. Clownfish that live among the tentacles of sea anem... | B: your intestines. |
Which state of matter has an intermediate level of entropy between solid and gas?
Here are the choices:
A. plasma
B. metal
C. water
D. liquid | As expected, the entropy values for solids are low, the values for gases are high, and the ones for liquids are intermediate. Another observation can be made by looking at the three hydrocarbon gases at the end of the table. For similar molecules, a higher molecular weight generally leads to a larger standard entropy v... | D: liquid. |
In recent years, it has been hypothesized that molecules in the environment also act as?
Here are the choices:
A. pathogens
B. catalysts
C. endocrine disruptors
D. homeostasis disruptors | C: endocrine disruptors. | |
What is the diversity of living things called?
Here are the choices:
A. adaptation
B. ecosystem
C. habitat
D. biodiversity | The diversity of living things is called biodiversity. | D: biodiversity. |
All lipids have two distinct domains, a hydrophobic and a what?
Here are the choices:
A. hydrophilic
B. covalent
C. hydroceptive
D. hydroaversive | Membrane boundaries and capturing energy In which we consider how the aqueous nature of biological systems drives the formation of lipidbased barrier membranes and how such membranes are used to capture and store energy from the environment and chemical reactions. We consider how coupled reactions are used to drive mac... | A: hydrophilic. |
Oxytocin, which stimulates the contractions of labor, is a type of what?
Here are the choices:
A. inhibitor
B. metabolite
C. hormone
D. steroid | A common sign that labor will be short is the so-called “bloody show. ” During pregnancy, a plug of mucus accumulates in the cervical canal, blocking the entrance to the uterus. Approximately 1–2 days prior to the onset of true labor, this plug loosens and is expelled, along with a small amount of blood. Meanwhile, the... | C: hormone. |
When represented by a single letter dominant alleles are represented by what case letter?
Here are the choices:
A. numeral
B. lowercase
C. uppercase
D. mixed letters | C: uppercase. | |
What do loess deposits form?
Here are the choices:
A. rotational cliffs
B. diagonal cliffs
C. horizontal cliffs
D. vertical cliffs | When the wind drops fine particles of silt and clay, it forms deposits called loess ( Figure below ). Loess deposits form vertical cliffs. Loess can become a thick, rich soil. That’s why loess deposits are used for farming in many parts of the world. | D: vertical cliffs. |
Electrical messages are carried by chemicals called what?
Here are the choices:
A. Biotoxins
B. neurotransmitters
C. amino acids
D. receptors | tiny gap between two adjacent neurons across which electrical messages are carried by chemicals called neurotransmitters. | B: neurotransmitters. |
Another major cause of extinction is global warming , which is also known as?
Here are the choices:
A. rapid climate change
B. sudden climate change
C. regional climate change
D. global climate change | Another major cause of extinction is global warming , which is also known as global climate change. During the past century, the Earth's average temperature has risen by almost 1°C (about 1.3°F). You may not think that is significant, but to organisms that live in the wild and are constantly adapting to their environme... | D: global climate change. |
What shape rash is formed from a skin infection caused by trichophyton?
Here are the choices:
A. rod-shaped
B. ring-shaped
C. striped
D. polka dot | skin infection caused by the fungus Trichophyton that causes a characteristic ring-shaped rash. | B: ring-shaped. |
What type of bonds only form in metals?
Here are the choices:
A. friction bonds
B. metallic bonds
C. optical bonds
D. liquid bonds | Special bonds form in metals that do not form in other classes of elements. They are called metallic bonds. The bonds explain some of the unique properties of elements in the metals class. | B: metallic bonds. |
The last major ice age took place in which era?
Here are the choices:
A. miocene
B. pliocene
C. cenozoic
D. pleistocene | The last major ice age took place in the Pleistocene. This epoch lasted from 2 million to 14,000 years ago. Earth’s temperature was only 5° C (9° F) cooler than it is today. But glaciers covered much of the Northern Hemisphere. In Figure below , you can see how far south they went. Clearly, a small change in temperatur... | D: pleistocene. |
What signals the secretion of gastric acid?
Here are the choices:
A. gastrin
B. hormone
C. leptin
D. pepsin | Gastrin, which signals the secretion of gastric acid. | A: gastrin. |
Each microspore develops into a pollen grain containing a male what?
Here are the choices:
A. zygote
B. progesterone
C. sperm
D. gametophyte | D: gametophyte. | |
What is used to describe gas concentrations of a solution?
Here are the choices:
A. mesh fractions
B. atom fractions
C. mole fractions
D. fixation fractions | There are several different ways to quantitatively describe the concentration of a solution. For example, molarity was introduced in as a useful way to describe solution concentrations for reactions that are carried out in solution. Mole fractions, introduced in , are used not only to describe gas concentrations but al... | C: mole fractions. |
What type of organism has many different specialized cells that work together to carry out life processes?
Here are the choices:
A. single-celled organism
B. multicellular organism
C. mutated organism
D. sequenced organism | A multicellular organism consists of many cells and has different types of cells that are specialized for various functions. All the cells work together and depend on each other to carry out the life processes of the organism. Individual cells are unable to survive on their own. | B: multicellular organism. |
What types of bonds hold together positive metal ions and their valence electrons?
Here are the choices:
A. metallic bonds
B. covalent bonds
C. toxic bonds
D. ionic bonds | Metallic bonds are the force of attraction between positive metal ions and the valence electrons that are constantly moving around them. The ions form a lattice-like structure held together by the metallic bonds. | A: metallic bonds. |
The once compressed universe expanded rapidly after what nicknamed event billions of years ago?
Here are the choices:
A. big explosion
B. good bang
C. big bang
D. big bust | About 13.7 billion years ago, the entire universe was packed together. Everything was squeezed into a tiny volume. Then there was an enormous explosion. After this “big bang,” the universe expanded rapidly ( Figure below ). All of the matter and energy in the universe has been expanding ever since. Scientists have evid... | C: big bang. |
Do metals tend to gain electrons or lose electrons in chemical reactions?
Here are the choices:
A. lose electrons
B. develop electrons
C. gain electrons
D. same number of electrons | Metallic character refers to the level of reactivity of a metal. Metals tend to lose electrons in chemical reactions, as indicated by their low ionization energies. Within a compound, metal atoms have relatively low attraction for electrons, as indicated by their low electronegativities. By following the trend summary ... | A: lose electrons. |
Living things evolve what characteristics that make them better suited for their environment?
Here are the choices:
A. mutations
B. adaptations
C. instincts
D. reflexes | As living things evolve, they generally become better suited for their environment. This is because they evolve adaptations. An adaptation is a characteristic that helps a living thing survive and reproduce in a given environment. Look at the mole in Figure below . It has tentacles around its nose that it uses to sense... | B: adaptations. |
Where are the two tonsils located?
Here are the choices:
A. nose
B. tooth
C. throat
D. sinus | The two tonsils are located on either side of the throat. They trap pathogens that enter the body through the mouth or nose. | C: throat. |
The chemistry of each element is determined by its number of what?
Here are the choices:
A. protons and electrons
B. electrons and neutrons
C. nuclei and neutrons
D. protons and neutrons | assigned a unique one-, two-, or three-letter symbol. The names of the elements are listed in the periodic table, along with their symbols, atomic numbers, and atomic masses. The chemistry of each element is determined by its number of protons and electrons. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number ... | A: protons and electrons. |
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