questions stringlengths 37 1.22k | reasoning stringlengths 0 3.56k ⌀ | answers stringlengths 4 138 |
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What is occasional chest pain known as?
Here are the choices:
A. arrhythmia
B. heart murmur
C. angina pectoris
D. cardiac arrest | C: angina pectoris. | |
In the cardiovascular system, where is the ultimate destination of the oxygen-poor blood?
Here are the choices:
A. lung
B. brain
C. heart
D. liver | Systemic circulation is the longer loop of the cardiovascular system. It carries blood between the heart and the rest of the body. Oxygen-rich blood flows from the heart to cells throughout the body. As it passes cells, the blood releases oxygen and absorbs carbon dioxide. Then the oxygen-poor blood returns to the hear... | C: heart. |
What is the study of the energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter?
Here are the choices:
A. kinetics
B. fluctuations
C. thermodynamics
D. geophysics | C: thermodynamics. | |
Love canal was an infamous example of what type of pollution?
Here are the choices:
A. Visual Pollution
B. Land Pollution
C. thermal pollution
D. industrial waste dumping | Disposing of industrial waste is one way that human actions pollute the land. This became clear more than 30 years ago in Love Canal, a neighborhood in Niagara Falls, New York. Love Canal may sound lovely, but it is not. Love Canal was and is a disaster. Love Canal been called one of the worst environmental disasters o... | D: industrial waste dumping. |
What is a funnel-shaped cloud of whirling high winds known as?
Here are the choices:
A. tornado
B. volcano
C. tsunami
D. hurricane | Severe thunderstorms have a lot of energy and strong winds. This allows them to produce tornadoes. A tornado is a funnel-shaped cloud of whirling high winds. You can see a tornado in Figure below . The funnel moves along the ground, destroying everything in its path. As it moves it loses energy. Before this happens it ... | A: tornado. |
Why do birds need a light-weight body?
Here are the choices:
A. food shortages
B. water flotation
C. to stay aloft
D. for cooling | Birds need a light-weight body in order to stay aloft. Even so, flying is hard work, and flight muscles need a constant supply of oxygen- and nutrient-rich blood. The organ systems of birds are adapted to meet these needs. | C: to stay aloft. |
Asthma, pneumonia, and emphysema are diseases of what system?
Here are the choices:
A. digestive
B. reproductive
C. respiratory
D. pulmonary | Diseases of the respiratory system include asthma, pneumonia, and emphysema. | C: respiratory. |
The “knee-jerk" motion that people involuntarily perform after being struck in the knee in a certain way is an example of what kind of behavior?
Here are the choices:
A. spasm
B. reflex
C. reaction
D. sensor | Innate Behaviors: Movement and Migration Innate or instinctual behaviors rely on response to stimuli. The simplest example of this is a reflex action, an involuntary and rapid response to stimulus. To test the “knee-jerk” reflex, a doctor taps the patellar tendon below the kneecap with a rubber hammer. The stimulation ... | B: reflex. |
What are tiny, hair like projections?
Here are the choices:
A. cilia
B. actin
C. fuzz
D. spinicles | Many mucous membranes are also covered with cilia. These are tiny, hair-like projections. Cilia move in waves and sweep mucus and trapped pathogens toward body openings. You can see this in the diagram in Figure below . When you clear your throat or blow your nose, you remove mucus and pathogens from your body. | A: cilia. |
How long does it take for the earth to make a complete rotation of its axis?
Here are the choices:
A. 24.25 hours
B. 24 hours
C. one year
D. one month | B: 24 hours. | |
Glaciers have been melting since what period?
Here are the choices:
A. bronze age
B. industrial age
C. stone age
D. pleistocene ice age | Glaciers and ice sheets are melting. This can be seen clearly in photographs. The glaciers advanced during the Pleistocene ice age. They have been melting back since then, except for during the Little Ice Age. However, the rate of melting has increased tremendously in recent decades. | D: pleistocene ice age. |
The transmission electron micrograph shows the cell walls where two cells do what?
Here are the choices:
A. come together
B. disappear
C. split apart
D. reproduce | A: come together. | |
What form does water take on the planet mars?
Here are the choices:
A. plasma
B. gas
C. liquid
D. ice | Water on Mars can't be a liquid. This is because the pressure of the atmosphere is too low. The planet does have a lot of water; it is in the form of ice. The south pole of Mars has a very visible ice cap. Scientists also have evidence that there is also a lot of ice just under the Martian surface. The ice melts when v... | D: ice. |
The simplest system is that of contractile vacuoles present in what?
Here are the choices:
A. macroorganisms
B. parasites
C. crystals
D. microorganisms | 41.3 Excretion Systems Many systems have evolved for excreting wastes that are simpler than the kidney and urinary systems of vertebrate animals. The simplest system is that of contractile vacuoles present in microorganisms. Flame cells and nephridia in worms perform excretory functions and maintain osmotic balance. So... | D: microorganisms. |
Water's very polar compound causes most solutes to do what?
Here are the choices:
A. dissolve
B. gel
C. repel
D. combine | Many solutes dissolve in water because water is a very polar compound. | A: dissolve. |
Which plant group has vascular tissue, seeds, and flowers?
Here are the choices:
A. spores
B. fungi
C. angiosperms
D. microbes | Angiosperms have vascular tissue, seeds, and flowers. | C: angiosperms. |
The point in front of a mirror where the reflected rays intersect is known as what?
Here are the choices:
A. focal point
B. periodic point
C. boundary point
D. reflective point | Some mirrors have a curved rather than flat surface. Curved mirrors can be concave or convex. A concave mirror is shaped like the inside of a bowl. This type of mirror forms either real or virtual images, depending on where the object is placed relative to the focal point. The focal point is the point in front of the m... | A: focal point. |
Any unused energy in food, whether it comes from carbohydrates, proteins, or lipids, is stored in the body where?
Here are the choices:
A. kidneys
B. spleen
C. fat
D. bones | Any unused energy in food, whether it comes from carbohydrates, proteins, or lipids, is stored in the body as fat. An extra 3,500 Calories of energy results in the storage of almost half a kilogram (1 pound) of stored body fat. People who consistently consume more food energy then they need may become obese. Obesity oc... | C: fat. |
What helps determine the concentration of a species in a solution?
Here are the choices:
A. quantitative analysis
B. qualitative analysis
C. fundamental analysis
D. technical analysis | Summary The concentration of a species in solution can be determined by quantitative analysis. One such method is a titration, in which a measured volume of a solution of one substance, the titrant, is added to a solution of another substance to determine its concentration. The equivalence point in a titration is the p... | A: quantitative analysis. |
In order to survive and maintain what state, an organism must quickly adapt to changing environmental conditions?
Here are the choices:
A. homeostasis
B. acclimatization
C. ketosis
D. regulation | In prokaryotes, a combination of activators and repressors determines whether a gene is transcribed. As you know, prokaryotic organisms are fairly simple organisms with much less DNA. Prokaryotic genes are arranged in operons , a region of DNA with a promoter, an operator , and one or more genes that encode proteins ne... | A: homeostasis. |
What crust is thinner and denser than continental crust?
Here are the choices:
A. land
B. asteroid
C. coastal
D. oceanic | Oceanic crust is thinner and denser than continental crust. | D: oceanic. |
What are the antibodies an animal produces after exposure to a microbial antigen?
Here are the choices:
A. monoclonal
B. polyclonal
C. chimeric
D. isolated | B: polyclonal. | |
How does heat travel from the sun to the earth?
Here are the choices:
A. through light waves
B. through sound waves
C. secondary radiation from the sun
D. thermal radiation from the sun | The bonfire from the opening image has a lot of thermal energy. Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of moving particles of matter, and the transfer of thermal energy is called heat. Thermal energy from the bonfire is transferred to the hands by thermal radiation. Thermal radiation is the transfer of thermal ener... | D: thermal radiation from the sun. |
What were the first life forms found on earth similar to?
Here are the choices:
A. viruses
B. ferns
C. bacteria
D. mold | Life on Earth began about 3.5 to 4 billion years ago. The first life forms were single-celled organisms similar to bacteria. The first multicellular organisms did not appear until about 610 million years ago. Many different types of organisms evolved during the next ten million years, in an event called the Cambrian Ex... | C: bacteria. |
Steel, bronze, and brass are examples of what?
Here are the choices:
A. oxides
B. alloys
C. compounds
D. chemicals | Pure metals may be less useful than mixtures of metals, called alloys. Examples of alloys include steel, bronze, and brass. | B: alloys. |
A pacemaker uses electrical shocks to stimulate the what to beat properly?
Here are the choices:
A. brain
B. heart
C. liver
D. pancreas | Shock Hazards Electrical currents through people produce tremendously varied effects. An electrical current can be used to block back pain. The possibility of using electrical current to stimulate muscle action in paralyzed limbs, perhaps allowing paraplegics to walk, is under study. TV dramatizations in which electric... | B: heart. |
What is the cloud of brown dust-like power that escapes when a puffball fungus is touched?
Here are the choices:
A. pollon
B. spores
C. ions
D. seeds | This is a "puffball" fungus. At maturity, clouds of a brown dust-like power escape when they are touched. This powdery substance is made up of spores, the reproductive structure of the fungus. | B: spores. |
What are the cone-like structures that contain sporangia called?
Here are the choices:
A. strobili
B. gametes
C. medulla
D. contrail | Leaves, Sporophylls, and Strobili A third innovation marks the seedless vascular plants. Accompanying the prominence of the sporophyte and the development of vascular tissue, the appearance of true leaves improved their photosynthetic efficiency. Leaves capture more sunlight with their increased surface area by employi... | A: strobili. |
What are considered to be the smallest particles of matter?
Here are the choices:
A. atoms
B. ions
C. cells
D. molecules | All substances are made of atoms. Atoms are the smallest particles of matter. They cannot be divided into smaller particles, created, or destroyed. | A: atoms. |
The mechanics of dynein-based bending involve a process that resembles what?
Here are the choices:
A. standing
B. running
C. jumping
D. walking | D: walking. | |
What type of creature is a scallop?
Here are the choices:
A. insect
B. algae
C. mollusk
D. vertabrate | Some mollusks, such as oysters and scallops, are important food sources. | C: mollusk. |
The risk of what is raised by overexposure to the sun?
Here are the choices:
A. particle cancer
B. flux cancer
C. brain cancer
D. skin cancer | It might be fun to lay out in the sun like these two girls are doing. But getting too much sun can be very dangerous. Overexposure to sunlight raises your risk for skin cancer. | D: skin cancer. |
Which artery enters the cranium through the carotid canal in the temporal bone?
Here are the choices:
A. venal artery
B. internal carotid artery
C. external carotid
D. atrial artery | The internal carotid artery enters the cranium through the carotid canal in the temporal bone. A second set of vessels that supply the CNS are the vertebral arteries, which are protected as they pass through the neck region by the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae. The vertebral arteries enter the cranium t... | B: internal carotid artery. |
How are aquatic biomes often classified?
Here are the choices:
A. depth
B. amount of salt
C. amount of life
D. amount of light | Recall that terrestrial biomes are defined by their climate. That's because plants and animals are adapted for certain amounts of temperature and moisture. However, would aquatic biomes be classified in the same way? No, that wouldn't make much sense—all parts of an aquatic environment have plenty of water. Aquatic bio... | B: amount of salt. |
What is the most abundant type of biological entity on the earth?
Here are the choices:
A. insects
B. reptiles
C. bacteria
D. viruses | Viruses were first described by Dmitri Ivanovsky in 1892. He described a "non-bacterial pathogen" infecting tobacco plants. This was soon followed by the identification of the tobacco mosaic virus by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898. Since then, about 5,000 viruses have been described in detail, although it is believed that... | D: viruses. |
What is the most diverse and abundant group of organisms on earth, numbering in the millions of trillions?
Here are the choices:
A. viruses
B. bacteria
C. pests
D. pathogens | Bacteria are the most diverse and abundant group of organisms on Earth. They live in almost all environments. They are found in the ocean, the soil, and the intestines of animals. They are even found in rocks deep below Earth’s surface. Any surface that has not been sterilized is likely to be covered with bacteria. The... | B: bacteria. |
What kind of hormones are secreted by organs classified as gonads?
Here are the choices:
A. growth hormones
B. cortisol hormones
C. anterior hormones
D. sex hormones | The gonads secrete sex hormones. The male gonads are called testes. They secrete the male sex hormone testosterone. The female gonads are called ovaries. They secrete the female sex hormone estrogen. Sex hormones are involved in the changes of puberty. They also control the production of gametes by the gonads. | D: sex hormones. |
An oxy-acetylene torch is an effective way to cut what?
Here are the choices:
A. wood
B. plastic
C. coal
D. metal | One of the most effective ways to cut metal is with an oxy-acetylene torch. Very high temperatures are obtained when acetylene burns in oxygen. Mixed 1:1 with oxygen, a temperature of over 3000°C can be achieved. The amount of energy released is high – the net heat of combustion is 1300 kJ/mole. Safety precautions need... | D: metal. |
What are the infoldings of the inner membrane called?
Here are the choices:
A. lineage
B. cristae
C. brickle
D. ceranae | B: cristae. | |
A channel protein is an example of what type of protein?
Here are the choices:
A. choice proteins
B. hemoglobin protein
C. component proteins
D. transport proteins | Facilitated diffusion is the diffusion of solutes through transport proteins in the plasma membrane. Channel proteins, gated channel proteins, and carrier proteins are three types of transport proteins that are involved in facilitated diffusion. | D: transport proteins. |
Eight of the hottest years on record have occurred since what year?
Here are the choices:
A. 1997
B. 1991
C. 1998
D. 2002 | Since the mid 1800s, Earth has warmed up quickly. Look at Figure below . The 14 hottest years on record have all occurred since 1900. Eight of them have occurred since 1998! This is what is usually meant by global warming . | C: 1998. |
Average acceleration is the rate of change of what?
Here are the choices:
A. direction
B. velocity
C. speed
D. displacement | Average acceleration is the rate of change of velocity, or the change in velocity per unit time. | B: velocity. |
What is studied to understand gene expression patterns in cells?
Here are the choices:
A. rna
B. dna
C. protein
D. mutations | RNA is studied to understand gene expression patterns in cells. RNA is naturally very unstable because enzymes that break down RNA are commonly present in nature. Some are even secreted by our own skin and are very difficult to inactivate. Similar to DNA extraction, RNA extraction involves the use of various buffers an... | A: rna. |
Ribosomes are produced in the nucleolus, and then transported to the what?
Here are the choices:
A. cytoskeleton
B. cerebellum
C. nucleus
D. cytoplasm | Ribosomes are produced in the nucleolus, and then transported to the cytoplasm. Ribosomes are made of ribosomal proteins, called ribonucleoproteins , and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Each ribosome has two parts, a large and a small subunit, as shown in Figure below . The subunits are attached to each other. During translation... | D: cytoplasm. |
Ecosystem dynamics include more than the flow of energy and recycling of matter. ecosystems are also dynamic because they?
Here are the choices:
A. change through time
B. stay the same
C. never move
D. recreate exactly alike | Ecosystem dynamics include more than the flow of energy and recycling of matter. Ecosystems are also dynamic because they change through time. | A: change through time. |
Muscle contraction requires repeated cycles of binding and what?
Here are the choices:
A. lunging
B. release
C. push
D. twisting | B: release. | |
An important chemical compound, which supplies living things with the energy they need to survive, is composed of carbon, oxygen and atoms of what other element?
Here are the choices:
A. hydrogen
B. magnesium
C. nitrogen
D. calcium | The opening image is a model of an important chemical compound. Without it, living things would not have the energy they need to survive. Compared with most other compounds in living things, molecules of this compound are small and simple. In the model, the gray circles represent carbon atoms, the red circles represent... | A: hydrogen. |
What are the glands that secrete milk in a woman's breasts?
Here are the choices:
A. lactic acids
B. primordial glands
C. pituitary glands
D. mammary glands | The breasts are not directly involved in reproduction, but they nourish a baby after birth. Each breast contains mammary glands , which secrete milk. The milk drains into ducts leading to the nipple. A suckling baby squeezes the milk out of the ducts and through the nipple. | D: mammary glands. |
Like a thick cap covering the brain, the dura mater is a tough outer covering. the name comes from the latin for?
Here are the choices:
A. tough mother
B. back mother
C. difficult mother
D. protecting mother | Dura Mater Like a thick cap covering the brain, the dura mater is a tough outer covering. The name comes from the Latin for “tough mother” to represent its physically protective role. It encloses the entire CNS and the major blood vessels that enter the cranium and vertebral cavity. It is directly attached to the inner... | A: tough mother. |
Which organisms get their energy source and carbon source from organic sources?
Here are the choices:
A. sporozoans
B. ectomorphs
C. chemoheterotrophs
D. herbivores | Chemoheterotrophs are organisms that get their energy source and carbon source from organic sources. Chemoheterotrophs must consume organic building blocks that they are unable to make themselves. Most get their energy from organic molecules such as sugars. This nutritional mode is very common among eukaryotes, includi... | C: chemoheterotrophs. |
What natural disaster is california most linked with?
Here are the choices:
A. earthquakes
B. volcanoes
C. hurricanes
D. fires | Although California is prone to many natural hazards, including volcanic eruptions at Mt. Shasta or Mt. Lassen, and landslides on coastal cliffs, the natural hazard the state is linked with is earthquakes. In this video, the boundaries between three different tectonic plates and the earthquakes that result from their i... | A: earthquakes. |
Small crustaceans exchange gases across thin areas of the cuticle; larger species have what to accomplish this?
Here are the choices:
A. pores
B. noses
C. gills
D. lungs | C: gills. | |
The superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava are veins that return blood lacking what to the heart?
Here are the choices:
A. oxygen
B. nitrogen
C. hemoglobin
D. carbon dioxide | The veins that return oxygen-poor blood to the heart are the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava . The pulmonary veins return oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart. The pulmonary veins are the only veins that carry oxygen-rich blood. | A: oxygen. |
There are only four possible bases that make up each dna nucleotide: adenine, guanine, thymine, and?
Here are the choices:
A. cytosine
B. taurine
C. guarine
D. phenylalanine | The only difference between each nucleotide is the identity of the base. There are only four possible bases that make up each DNA nucleotide: adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), and cytosine (C). | A: cytosine. |
What affects the boiling point of water?
Here are the choices:
A. external pressure
B. latter pressure
C. internal pressure
D. heat source | Boiling points are affected by external pressure. | A: external pressure. |
The average length of a woman’s menstrual cycle is what?
Here are the choices:
A. 5 days
B. 28 days
C. 16 days
D. 19 days | The Menstrual Cycle Now that we have discussed the maturation of the cohort of tertiary follicles in the ovary, the build-up and then shedding of the endometrial lining in the uterus, and the function of the uterine tubes and vagina, we can put everything together to talk about the three phases of the menstrual cycle—t... | B: 28 days. |
Water leaves ponds and lakes through evaporation and also as what?
Here are the choices:
A. inflow
B. mid flow
C. outflow
D. influx | Ponds and lakes may get their water from several sources. Some falls directly into them as precipitation. Some enters as runoff and some from streams and rivers. Water leaves ponds and lakes through evaporation and also as outflow. | C: outflow. |
What is a biochemical compound that is a chain of amino acids called?
Here are the choices:
A. DNA
B. hormones
C. proteins
D. lipids | Proteins are biochemical compounds that consist of one or more chains of amino acids. Proteins have many different functions. For example, some are enzymes, and some are hormones. | C: proteins. |
Each what is made of two identical sister chromatids?
Here are the choices:
A. genome
B. gene
C. chromosome
D. helix | Chromosomes, like those shown here, must form prior to cell division, to ensure that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic material. Each chromosome is made of two identical sister chromatids. Each chromatid is 1/2 of the "X. " Essentially, each daughter cell receives half of each "X-shaped" chromosome. | C: chromosome. |
Amino groups are found within amino acids, nicknamed the building blocks of what?
Here are the choices:
A. carbohydrates
B. lipids
C. protons
D. proteins | Amino groups are found within amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. | D: proteins. |
What is the name of earth’s only natural satellite?
Here are the choices:
A. sun
B. titan
C. venus
D. moon | The Moon is Earth’s only natural satellite. The Moon is about one-fourth the size of Earth, 3,476 kilometers in diameter. Gravity on the Moon is only one-sixth as strong as it is on Earth. If you weigh 120 pounds on Earth, you would only weigh 20 pounds on the Moon. You can jump six times as high on the Moon as you can... | D: moon. |
Which is the lightest of the widely used structural metals?
Here are the choices:
A. Metal
B. magnesium
C. calcium
D. potassium | low, the two metals with the highest ionization energies (beryllium and magnesium) do form compounds that exhibit some covalent characters. Like the alkali metals, the heavier alkaline earth metals impart color to a flame. As in the case of the alkali metals, this is part of the emission spectrum of these elements. Cal... | B: magnesium. |
When lava flows over a large area and cools, it creates a large, flat surface of what type of rock?
Here are the choices:
A. tidal
B. igneous
C. sedimentary
D. metamorphic | A lava plateau is made of a large amount of fluid lava. The lava flows over a large area and cools. This creates a large, flat surface of igneous rock. Lava plateaus may be huge. The Columbia Plateau covers over 161,000 square kilometers (63,000 square miles). It makes up parts of the states of Washington, Oregon, and ... | B: igneous. |
Examples of what process are evident in many biological systems because cells are surrounded by semipermeable membranes?
Here are the choices:
A. photosynthesis
B. apoptosis
C. osmosis
D. reproduction | Examples of osmosis are evident in many biological systems because cells are surrounded by semipermeable membranes. Carrots and celery that have become limp because they have lost water can be made crisp again by placing them in water. Water moves into the carrot or celery cells by osmosis. A cucumber placed in a conce... | C: osmosis. |
What does cartilage lack compared to bones, making it softer and less rigid?
Here are the choices:
A. protein
B. calcium
C. potassium
D. magnesium | Skeletons made of cartilage rather than bone. Cartilage is supportive tissue that does not have as much calcium as bones, which makes bones rigid. Cartilage is softer and more flexible than bone. | B: calcium. |
What three forms does frozen precipitation take?
Here are the choices:
A. blizzard, frost, fog
B. snow, sleet, freezing rain
C. hail, wind, typhoon
D. vapor, fog, ice | Frozen precipitation may fall as snow, sleet, or freezing rain. | B: snow, sleet, freezing rain. |
What is a stream of moving water that flows through the ocean?
Here are the choices:
A. creek
B. waterfall
C. current
D. tidal wave | Another way ocean water moves is in currents. A current is a stream of moving water that flows through the ocean. Surface currents are caused mainly by winds, but not the winds that blow and change each day. Surface currents are caused by the major wind belts that blow in the same direction all the time. | C: current. |
The elbow is an example of a what type of joint?
Here are the choices:
A. hinge joint
B. toe joint
C. pipe joint
D. frame joint | Hinge Joints In hinge joints, the slightly rounded end of one bone fits into the slightly hollow end of the other bone. In this way, one bone moves while the other remains stationary, like the hinge of a door. The elbow is an example of a hinge joint. The knee is sometimes classified as a modified hinge joint (Figure 3... | A: hinge joint. |
The first leaves of most ferns appear curled up into what?
Here are the choices:
A. fiddleheads
B. petals
C. volatiles
D. nanotubes | The first leaves of most ferns appear curled up into fiddleheads. | A: fiddleheads. |
Electrophiles have a strong tendency to react with what?
Here are the choices:
A. nucleophiles
B. neutrons
C. acids
D. resistors | Electrophiles have a strong tendency to react with nucleophiles. CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS. | A: nucleophiles. |
What layered form of carbon is used as a lubricant and in pencils?
Here are the choices:
A. lead
B. carbonite
C. graphite
D. copper | Graphite is a form of carbon in which carbon atoms are arranged in layers. Bonds are strong between carbon atoms within each layer but relatively weak between atoms in different layers. The weak bonds between layers allow the layers to slide over one another. This makes graphite relatively soft and slippery. It is used... | C: graphite. |
What kind of solids have particles that are arranged in a regular repeating pattern?
Here are the choices:
A. metabolic solids
B. carbon-based solids
C. salts
D. crystalline solids | Crystalline solids have particles that are arranged in a regular repeating pattern. They form crystals. Amorphous solids have particles that are arranged more-or-less at random. They do not form crystals. | D: crystalline solids. |
During what in the small intestine do rings of smooth muscle repeatedly contract and then relax?
Here are the choices:
A. mitosis
B. segmentation
C. compression
D. contraction | Mechanical Digestion in the Small Intestine The movement of intestinal smooth muscles includes both segmentation and a form of peristalsis called migrating motility complexes. The kind of peristaltic mixing waves seen in the stomach are not observed here. If you could see into the small intestine when it was going thro... | B: segmentation. |
Acetyl-coa is formed from the breakdown of carbohydrates, lipids, and what else?
Here are the choices:
A. acids
B. hydrocarbons
C. hormones
D. proteins | Acetyl-CoA is formed from the breakdown of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. It is used in many biochemical pathways. | D: proteins. |
Juvenile hormone modulates the activity of what?
Here are the choices:
A. reproduction
B. ecdysteroid
C. growth
D. estrogen | B: ecdysteroid. | |
What causes the red color of laterite soils?
Here are the choices:
A. oxygen
B. iron oxides
C. erosion
D. toxins | A third important type of soil is laterite . Laterite forms in tropical areas. Temperatures are warm and rain falls every day ( Figure below ). So much rain falls that chemical weathering is intense. All soluble minerals are washed from the soil. Plant nutrients get carried away. There is practically no humus. Laterite... | B: iron oxides. |
The scientific process of collecting data outside the lab (in the "wild") is known as what kind of work?
Here are the choices:
A. track work
B. field work
C. experimentation
D. scientific investigation | Many Earth scientists collect data in the field, called field work . The data may be from observations or measurements. The scientists may create a geological map of the area. They might write detailed descriptions of the rocks and their relationships. They may collect samples to analyze in the lab. They may do a combi... | B: field work. |
Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma are all components of what fluid?
Here are the choices:
A. Vessals
B. blood
C. brain
D. heart | 40.2 Components of the Blood Specific components of the blood include red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and the plasma, which contains coagulation factors and serum. Blood is important for regulation of the body’s pH, temperature, osmotic pressure, the circulation of nutrients and removal of waste, the dis... | B: blood. |
Who created the idea of an evolutionary tree to represent the relationships between different species and their common ancestors?
Here are the choices:
A. charles darwin
B. Carl Sagan
C. Isaac Newton
D. Scopes | If evolution can take a very long time, how can we visualize how it happens? Charles Darwin came up with the idea of an evolutionary tree to represent the relationships between different species and their common ancestors ( Figure below ). The base of the tree represents the ancient ancestors of all life. The separatio... | A: charles darwin. |
What organs absorb water and nutrients from the soil?
Here are the choices:
A. roots
B. buds
C. leaves
D. flowers | A: roots. | |
What does magma that cools underground form?
Here are the choices:
A. fluctuations
B. new crust
C. chambers
D. instrusions | Magma that cools underground forms intrusions ( Figure below ). Intrusions become land formations if they are exposed at the surface by erosion. | D: instrusions. |
Which season is moist, causing the most thunderstorms?
Here are the choices:
A. spring
B. winter
C. summer
D. autumn | C: summer. | |
What are the two hormones primarily responsible for maintaining homeostasis of blood glucose levels?
Here are the choices:
A. insulin and estrogen
B. insulin and glucagon
C. anabolic and metabolic
D. dopamine and melanin | Hormonal Regulation of Metabolism Blood glucose levels vary widely over the course of a day as periods of food consumption alternate with periods of fasting. Insulin and glucagon are the two hormones primarily responsible for maintaining homeostasis of blood glucose levels. Additional regulation is mediated by the thyr... | B: insulin and glucagon. |
What important process takes place in specialized tissue inside plant leaves?
Here are the choices:
A. photosynthesis
B. mitosis
C. reproduction
D. pollination | specialized tissue inside plant leaves where photosynthesis takes place. | A: photosynthesis. |
What type of plants were the first to evolve?
Here are the choices:
A. cocklebur
B. nonvascular
C. kilocalorie
D. vascular | Nonvascular plants were the first plants to evolve. Compared to other plants, their small size and lack of specialized structures, such as vascular tissue, stems, leaves, or flowers, explains why these plants evolved first. The first nonvascular plants to evolve were the liverworts. The hornworts evolved somewhat later... | B: nonvascular. |
In multicellular organisms, specialized cells may be organized into what, which in turn may be organized into organs?
Here are the choices:
A. blood cells
B. nutrients
C. tissues
D. muscles | In multicellular organisms, specialized cells may be organized into tissues. Tissues may be organized into organs, and organs may be organized into organ systems. Organ systems work together to carry out all the functions of the whole organism. | C: tissues. |
What are accessory digestive organs critical for breaking down?
Here are the choices:
A. enzymes
B. hormones
C. food
D. pathogens | Digestive System Organs The easiest way to understand the digestive system is to divide its organs into two main categories. The first group is the organs that make up the alimentary canal. Accessory digestive organs comprise the second group and are critical for orchestrating the breakdown of food and the assimilation... | C: food. |
The direction of prevailing winds determines the type of what that usually moves over an area?
Here are the choices:
A. water mass
B. storm
C. weather
D. air mass | The direction of prevailing winds determines which type of air mass usually moves over an area. For example, a west wind might bring warm moist air from over an ocean. An east wind might bring cold dry air from over a mountain range. Which wind prevails has a big effect on the climate. What if the prevailing winds are ... | D: air mass. |
As blood glucose levels rise what is released from the pancreas?
Here are the choices:
A. insulin
B. estrogen
C. hemoglobin
D. adrenaline | 24.5 Metabolic States of the Body There are three main metabolic states of the body: absorptive (fed), postabsorptive (fasting), and starvation. During any given day, your metabolism switches between absorptive and postabsorptive states. Starvation states happen very rarely in generally well-nourished individuals. When... | A: insulin. |
Hydrocarbons are combined with oxygen in a series of enzymatic steps to product water, carbon dioxide, and energy, which is stored in the form of what?
Here are the choices:
A. light
B. energy
C. reactive molecules
D. dormant molecules | The process of cellular respiration can be thought of as a highly controlled version of a combustion reaction. We do not literally burn hydrocarbons in our body, but the overall reactants and products are the same. Hydrocarbons, such as sucrose (C 12 H 22 O 11 ), are combined with oxygen in a series of enzymatic steps ... | C: reactive molecules. |
The validity of thought experiments, of course, is determined by this?
Here are the choices:
A. actual observation
B. predictive observation
C. hypothetical observation
D. theoretical observation | Now consider what observer B sees happen to observer A. Observer B perceives light from the right reaching observer A before light from the left, because she has moved towards that flash lamp, lessening the distance the light must travel and reducing the time it takes to get to her. Light travels at speed c relative to... | A: actual observation. |
What do you call a close relationship between two species that benefits both?
Here are the choices:
A. commensalism
B. symbiotic relationship
C. primordial relationship
D. parasitic relationship | Many fungi get organic compounds from living organisms. They have close relationships with other species. A close relationship between two species is called a symbiotic relationship. Two symbiotic relationships in fungi are mycorrhiza and lichen. These relationships are beneficial for both species. | B: symbiotic relationship. |
Generators convert mechanical energy to which kind?
Here are the choices:
A. electrical
B. static
C. kinetic
D. radiation | Generators and motors are almost identical in construction but convert energy in opposite directions. Generators convert mechanical energy to electrical energy and motors convert electrical energy to mechanical. | A: electrical. |
What is common in two eukaryotic proteins?
Here are the choices:
A. DNA
B. one domain
C. translation
D. cells | B: one domain. | |
What do you call egg-shaped galaxies, which are reddish to yellowish in color because they contain mostly old stars?
Here are the choices:
A. elliptical galaxies
B. conical galaxies
C. irregular galaxies
D. spiral galaxies | Pictured below is a typical elliptical galaxy ( Figure below ). As you might have guessed, elliptical galaxies are elliptical, or egg-shaped. The smallest elliptical galaxies are as small as some globular clusters. Giant elliptical galaxies can contain over a trillion stars. Elliptical galaxies are reddish to yellowish... | A: elliptical galaxies. |
When it was found that, without the force of gravity exerting pressure on the bones, bone mass was lost in astronauts, what kind of exercise provided an antidote?
Here are the choices:
A. sedentary
B. resistive
C. anaerobic
D. aerobic | Additionally, the yellow marrow, which is found in the central cavity of long bones along with red marrow, serves as a storage site for fat. 42 Structurally, the femur is a long bone, meaning its length is greater than its width, while the patella, a sesamoid bone, is small and round. Functionally, the femur acts as a ... | B: resistive. |
What can occur during periods of heavy rain?
Here are the choices:
A. floods
B. volcanoes
C. glaciers
D. earthquakes | A: floods. | |
What type of energy can be used to change the position or shape of an object, thus giving it potential energy?
Here are the choices:
A. kinetic energy
B. binary energy
C. harmonic energy
D. static energy | Mechanical energy commonly changes between kinetic and potential energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of moving objects. Potential energy is energy that is stored in objects, typically because of their position or shape. Kinetic energy can be used to change the position or shape of an object, giving it potential energy... | A: kinetic energy. |
What equals the output power divided by the input power?
Here are the choices:
A. potential
B. efficiency
C. inertia
D. output | ; The efficiency equals the output power divided by the input power. | B: efficiency. |
Overpopulation takes place when the number of organisms in an area exceeds what?
Here are the choices:
A. carrying capacity
B. consumers
C. predators
D. biome size | Overpopulation takes place when the number of organisms exceeds the carrying capacity of the region. What is the carrying capacity of Earth for humans? Are seven billion people the human carrying capacity? Nine billion? We don't know yet. | A: carrying capacity. |
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