questions stringlengths 37 1.22k | reasoning stringlengths 0 3.56k ⌀ | answers stringlengths 4 138 |
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There are six fundamentally different kinds of nuclear decay reactions, and each releases a different kind of particle or what?
Here are the choices:
A. mineral
B. protein
C. energy
D. mass | an identical particle that has been ejected from a heavier nucleus. There are six fundamentally different kinds of nuclear decay reactions, and each releases a different kind of particle or energy. The essential features of each reaction are shown in Figure 20.4 "Common Modes of Nuclear Decay". The most common are alph... | C: energy. |
What is the only metal that is a liquid at room temperature?
Here are the choices:
A. copper
B. aluminum
C. mercury
D. tin | The elements mercury, gold, and copper display properties that are common of metals. Mercury ( left ) is the only metal that is a liquid at room temperature. Even in its liquid form, it still has a high luster. Gold ( middle ) is malleable and can be formed into very thin sheets called gold leaf. Because copper ( right... | C: mercury. |
Heart valves prevent what kind of blood flow from happening in the heart?
Here are the choices:
A. backflow
B. irregular flow
C. slow flow
D. quick flow | A: backflow. | |
What is the source of energy for photosynthesis?
Here are the choices:
A. air
B. light
C. carbon
D. gravity | The energy for photosynthesis comes from light. Without light energy, photosynthesis cannot occur. As you can see in the Figure below , plants can get the energy they need for photosynthesis from either sunlight or artificial light. | B: light. |
Different types of interference include destructive and what else?
Here are the choices:
A. helpful
B. consistent
C. active
D. constructive | 2t = λ n / 2, 3λ n / 2, 5λ n / 2, … . To know whether interference is constructive or destructive, you must also determine if there is a phase change upon reflection. Thin film interference thus depends on film thickness, the wavelength of light, and the refractive indices. For white light incident on a film that varie... | D: constructive. |
What is anything that causes cancer called?
Here are the choices:
A. bacteria
B. carcinogen
C. pesticide
D. chemical | A carcinogen is anything that causes cancer. Most carcinogens produce mutations in genes that control the cell cycle. | B: carcinogen. |
In comparing two solutions of unequal solute concentration, the solution with the higher solute concentration is called what?
Here are the choices:
A. hydrophilic
B. hypertonic
C. hypothermic
D. acetic | Imagine now that you have a second cup with 100ml of water, and you add 45 grams of table sugar to the water. Just like the first cup, the sugar is the solute, and the water is the solvent. But now you have two mixtures of different solute concentrations. In comparing two solutions of unequal solute concentration, the ... | B: hypertonic. |
What broad group of animals - which includes rats, dogs and camels - have highly developed brains and often perform work for humans?
Here are the choices:
A. reptiles
B. arachnids
C. mammals
D. amphibians | We see examples of mammals (other than people!) serving our needs everywhere. We have pets that are mammals, such as dogs and cats. Mammals are also used around the world for transport. For example, horses, donkeys, mules, or camels ( Figure below ) may be the primary means of transport in some parts of the world. Mamm... | C: mammals. |
What term describes a way that small molecules or ions move across the cell membrane without input of energy by the cell?
Here are the choices:
A. passive transport
B. immune transport
C. physical transport
D. impassive transport | Passive transport is a way that small molecules or ions move across the cell membrane without input of energy by the cell. The three main kinds of passive transport are diffusion (or simple diffusion), osmosis, and facilitated diffusion. Simple diffusion and osmosis do not involve transport proteins. Facilitated diffus... | A: passive transport. |
Do most humans feed at one trophic level, or more than one?
Here are the choices:
A. less than one
B. more than one
C. one
D. none | Many consumers feed at more than one trophic level. Humans, for example, are primary consumers when they eat plants such as vegetables. They are secondary consumers when they eat cows. They are tertiary consumers when they eat salmon. | B: more than one. |
What is it called when two waves combine to create a larger wave?
Here are the choices:
A. constructive interference
B. wave propagation
C. Destructive Interference
D. consistent interference | Constructive interference occurs when two waves combine to create a larger wave. This occurs when the peaks of two waves line up. | A: constructive interference. |
What is the study of the relationship between electricity and chemical reactions called?
Here are the choices:
A. inorganic chemistry
B. analytical chemistry
C. electrochemistry
D. physical chemistry | Summary Electrochemistry is the study of the relationship between electricity and chemical reactions. The oxidation–reduction reaction that occurs during an electrochemical process consists of two halfreactions, one representing the oxidation process and one the reduction process. The sum of the halfreactions gives the... | C: electrochemistry. |
What is the term for expelling air out of the body through the nose or mouth?
Here are the choices:
A. induction
B. inhalation
C. perspiration
D. exhalation | Most of the time, you breathe without thinking about it. Breathing is mostly an involuntary action that is controlled by a part of your brain that also controls your heart beat. If you swim, do yoga, or sing, you know you can control your breathing, however. Taking air into the body through the nose and mouth is called... | D: exhalation. |
The lowest resonant frequency is called the what?
Here are the choices:
A. lowest
B. fundamental
C. simplest
D. basic | Given that maximum air displacements are possible at the open end and none at the closed end, there are other, shorter wavelengths that can resonate in the tube, such as the one shown in Figure 17.28. Here the standing wave has three-fourths of its wavelength in the tube, or L = (3 / 4)λ′ , so that λ′ = 4L / 3 . Contin... | B: fundamental. |
Body waves and surface waves are the two major types of what, which occur during earthquakes?
Here are the choices:
A. sound waves
B. seismic waves
C. tidal waves
D. current waves | There are two major types of seismic waves. Body waves travel through the Earth’s interior. Surface waves travel along the ground surface. In an earthquake, body waves are responsible for sharp jolts. Surface waves are responsible for rolling motions that do most of the damage in an earthquake. | B: seismic waves. |
Inferior rotation occurs during limb adduction and involves the downward motion of what?
Here are the choices:
A. choroidal cavity
B. dialysate cavity
C. pelvic cavity
D. glenoid cavity | Superior Rotation and Inferior Rotation Superior and inferior rotation are movements of the scapula and are defined by the direction of movement of the glenoid cavity. These motions involve rotation of the scapula around a point inferior to the scapular spine and are produced by combinations of muscles acting on the sc... | D: glenoid cavity. |
The speed of an electromagnetic wave is the product of its wavelength and what else?
Here are the choices:
A. height
B. resonance
C. density
D. frequency | Electromagnetic waves differ in their wavelengths and frequencies. The higher the frequency of an electromagnetic wave, the greater its energy. The speed of an electromagnetic wave is the product of its wavelength and frequency, so a wave with a shorter wavelength has a higher frequency, and vice versa. | D: frequency. |
Electrons in inner shells are called what?
Here are the choices:
A. inner electrons
B. valence electrons
C. core electrons
D. surface electrons | because of interactions between the electrons of the outermost shell of different atoms, called the valence shell electrons. Electrons in inner shells are called core electrons. Elements are grouped together by similar chemical properties into a chart called the periodic table. Vertical columns of elements are called g... | C: core electrons. |
The binding of complementary bases allows dna molecules to take their well-known shape, called a what?
Here are the choices:
A. double helix
B. single helix
C. triple helix
D. simple helix | The binding of complementary bases allows DNA molecules to take their well-known shape, called a double helix . Figure below shows how two chains of nucleotides form a DNA double helix. A simplified double helix is illustrated in Figure below . It shows more clearly how the two chains are intertwined. The double helix ... | A: double helix. |
What are the only amphibians without legs?
Here are the choices:
A. newts
B. porifera
C. crustaceans
D. caecilians | Caecilians The caecilian order is the amphibian order with the fewest species. Caecilians are closely related to salamanders. They have a long, worm-like body. They are the only amphibians without legs. Caecilians evolved from a four-legged ancestor but lost their legs later in their evolution. As adults, they often bu... | D: caecilians. |
Plants, fungi, bacteria and archaea cells all have what feature that keeps them rigid that animal cells do not have?
Here are the choices:
A. cell membrane
B. plastids
C. cell walls
D. cytoplasm | about how that occurs, in terms of membrane structure. If the influx of water continued unopposed, the membrane would eventually burst like an over-inflated balloon, killing the cell. One strategy to avoid this lethal outcome, adopted by a range of organisms, is to build a semi-rigid “cell wall” exterior to the plasma ... | C: cell walls. |
What type of interspecies relationship involves one party being actively harmed?
Here are the choices:
A. mutualism
B. symbiosis
C. mosaicism
D. parasitism | Symbiosis is a close relationship between two species in which at least one species benefits. Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit. Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits while the other species is not affected. Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship in whi... | D: parasitism. |
Which nervous system consists of all the nervous tissue that lies outside the central nervous system?
Here are the choices:
A. significant nervous system
B. function nervous system
C. auxiliary nervous system
D. peripheral nervous system | The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of all the nervous tissue that lies outside the central nervous system. It is shown in yellow in Figure below . It is connected to the central nervous system by nerves. A nerve is a cable-like bundle of axons. Some nerves are very long. The longest human nerve is the sciatic... | D: peripheral nervous system. |
What do organisms use to grow and repair themselves?
Here are the choices:
A. mutation
B. diffusion
C. cell solution
D. cell division | Cell division is how organisms grow and repair themselves. It is also how they produce offspring. Many single-celled organisms reproduce by binary fission. The parent cell simply divides to form two daughter cells that are identical to the parent. In many other organisms, two parents are involved, and the offspring are... | D: cell division. |
The afferent arterioles service about 1.3 million of what in each kidney?
Here are the choices:
A. axons
B. nephrons
C. dendrites
D. neurons | Nephrons and Vessels The renal artery first divides into segmental arteries, followed by further branching to form interlobar arteries that pass through the renal columns to reach the cortex (Figure 25.9). The interlobar arteries, in turn, branch into arcuate arteries, cortical radiate arteries, and then into afferent ... | B: nephrons. |
Kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis are all diseases involving improper curvature of which bodily structure (which is supposed to be curved in a certain way anyway)?
Here are the choices:
A. aorta
B. femur
C. lungs
D. spine | During fetal development, the body is flexed anteriorly into the fetal position, giving the entire vertebral column a single curvature that is concave anteriorly. In the adult, this fetal curvature is retained in two regions of the vertebral column as the thoracic curve, which involves the thoracic vertebrae, and the s... | D: spine. |
What do herbivores eat?
Here are the choices:
A. meat and plants
B. animals
C. minerals
D. plants | Herbivores eat plants, carnivores eat meat, and omnivores eat both. | D: plants. |
What important aspect of the scientific method is a suggested explanation for an event, which can be tested?
Here are the choices:
A. hypothesis
B. string theory
C. independent variable
D. scientific control | The Process of Science Biology is a science, but what exactly is science? What does the study of biology share with other scientific disciplines? Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning “knowledge”) can be defined as knowledge that covers general truths or the operation of general laws, especially when acquired and t... | A: hypothesis. |
What distant and extraordinarily energetic objects now seem to be early stages of galactic evolution with a supermassive black-hole-devouring material?
Here are the choices:
A. pulsars
B. quasars
C. stars
D. neutrinos | the history of galactic evolution has been, and the nature of space in their vicinity. However, so many black holes are now known that correlations between black hole mass and galactic nuclei characteristics are being studied. What is the mechanism for the energy output of quasars? These distant and extraordinarily ene... | B: quasars. |
Which gland is an extension of the hypothalamus?
Here are the choices:
A. pineal gland
B. posterior pituitary gland
C. salivary gland
D. adrenal gland | B: posterior pituitary gland. | |
Energy often changes between potential and what other kind of energy?
Here are the choices:
A. kinetic
B. magnetic
C. realized
D. thermal | Energy conversion occurs when energy changes from one type or form of energy to another. Energy often changes between potential and kinetic energy. Energy is always conserved during energy conversions. | A: kinetic. |
As the prokaryotic cell size increases, what happens to its surface area-to-volume ratio?
Here are the choices:
A. stagnates
B. halts
C. decreases
D. increases | 4.2 Prokaryotic Cells Prokaryotes are predominantly single-celled organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea. All prokaryotes have plasma membranes, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA that is not membrane-bound. Most have peptidoglycan cell walls and many have polysaccharide capsules. Prokaryotic cells range in diameter ... | C: decreases. |
Why are seeds of a pine cone easily carried by the wind and dispersed?
Here are the choices:
A. seeds are dense
B. seeds have wings
C. seeds are sticky
D. seeds are small | One such strategy is to allow the wind to carry the seeds. With special adaptations in the seeds, the seeds can be carried long distances by the wind. For example, you might have noticed how the "fluff" of a dandelion moves in the wind. Each piece of fluff carries a seed to a new location. If you look under the scales ... | B: seeds have wings. |
What do dendrites from the cell body recieve impulses from?
Here are the choices:
A. other cells
B. myelin
C. axon
D. other neurons | Dendrites extend from the cell body and receive nerve impulses from other neurons. | D: other neurons. |
During what are deletions and duplications especially likely to occur?
Here are the choices:
A. meiosis
B. electrolysis
C. endothermia
D. nucleus | A: meiosis. | |
What causes maple leaves to change their colors?
Here are the choices:
A. radiation reactions
B. chemical reactions
C. factor reactions
D. artificial preservatives | These vividly colored maple leaves were all bright green during the summer. Every fall, leaves of maple trees change to brilliant red, orange, and yellow colors. A change of color is a sign that a chemical change has taken place. Maple leaves change color because of chemical reactions. | B: chemical reactions. |
The cell body contains what central structure along with other organelles?
Here are the choices:
A. nucleus
B. protons
C. electron
D. neutron | The cell body contains the nucleus and other organelles. | A: nucleus. |
What is the term for the number that describes an electron's orbital orientation in space?
Here are the choices:
A. relative quantum number
B. magnetic electron number
C. magnetic quantum number
D. imaging quantum number | The magnetic quantum number , signified as , describes the orbital orientation in space. Electrons can be situated in one of three planes in three dimensional space around a given nucleus and . For a given value of the angular momentum quantum number , there can be values for . As an example:. | C: magnetic quantum number. |
Where do most red algae species live?
Here are the choices:
A. seas
B. oceans
C. lakes
D. rivers | Red algae are a very large group of protists making up about 5,000–6,000 species. They are mostly multicellular and live in the ocean. Many red algae are seaweeds and help create coral reefs. | B: oceans. |
What term is used for darwin's idea that in stable geologic and climatic conditions evolution occurred gradually?
Here are the choices:
A. canibalism
B. elitism
C. tinkering
D. gradualism | When geologic and climatic conditions are stable, evolution may occur gradually. This is how Darwin thought evolution occurred. This model of the timing of evolution is called gradualism . | D: gradualism. |
What element is all life built around?
Here are the choices:
A. hydrogen
B. carbon
C. oxygen
D. neon | The cell is the basic unit of life. A cell is made of molecules, which are made of elements. All life-which means all bacteria and archaea, all protists, fungi, plants and animals-is built around the element carbon, and four categories of organic compounds: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. These mole... | B: carbon. |
What are seamounts that rise above the water surface called?
Here are the choices:
A. islands
B. sandbars
C. coasts
D. reefs | A seamount is a volcanic mountain on the ocean floor. Seamounts that rise above the water surface are known as islands. There are many seamounts dotting the seafloor. | A: islands. |
Though often regarded as the supporting cast of the nervous system, glial cells in the brain actually outnumber what by a factor of ten?
Here are the choices:
A. neurons
B. blood cells
C. electrons
D. muscles | Glia While glia are often thought of as the supporting cast of the nervous system, the number of glial cells in the brain actually outnumbers the number of neurons by a factor of ten. Neurons would be unable to function without the vital roles that are fulfilled by these glial cells. Glia guide developing neurons to th... | A: neurons. |
Dinosaurs filled the niches that mammals fill today during which era?
Here are the choices:
A. Phanerozoic
B. Cenozoic
C. mesozoic
D. Proterozoic | In the Mesozoic, dinosaurs filled the niches that mammals fill today. | C: mesozoic. |
The magnet field of earth is called what?
Here are the choices:
A. troposphere
B. magnetosphere
C. atmosphere
D. ionosphere | Earth is a giant magnet with north and south magnetic poles and a magnetic field called the magnetosphere. Evidence in rocks shows that Earth’s magnetic poles switched positions hundreds of times in the past. Scientists think that Earth’s magnetic field is caused by the movement of charged particles through molten meta... | B: magnetosphere. |
What two types of hormones regulate mammalian reproduction?
Here are the choices:
A. pheromones and enzymes
B. endorphins and adrenaline
C. tropic and sex
D. tropic and subtropic | 46.4 The interplay of tropic and sex hormones regulates mammalian reproduction. | C: tropic and sex. |
In addition to five classes of fish, what other classes make up the species of vertebrates?
Here are the choices:
A. insects, amphibians, reptiles, and birds
B. reptiles, birds, mammals, and primates
C. amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals
D. amphibians , vertebrae , birds , and mammals | There are about 50,000 living species of vertebrates. They are placed in nine classes: five classes of fish plus amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. | C: amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. |
What is the method of reproduction for echinoderms?
Here are the choices:
A. external fertilization
B. fragmentation
C. internal fertilization
D. pollination | Echinoderms generally reproduce by external fertilization; regeneration is fairly common among echinoderms. | A: external fertilization. |
What is happening to the rate of the expansion of the universe?
Here are the choices:
A. it is stable
B. it is unknown
C. it is decreasing
D. it is increasing | The rate of the expansion of the universe is increasing. The cause of this increase is unknown; one possible explanation involves a new form of energy called dark energy. | D: it is increasing. |
What are required when the damage from trauma or infection cannot be closed with sutures or staples?
Here are the choices:
A. bone grafts
B. skin grafts
C. debris grafts
D. tree grafts | Skin grafts are required when the damage from trauma or infection cannot be closed with sutures or staples. Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege. org/l/skingraft) to learn more about skin grafting procedures. | B: skin grafts. |
In addition to a vibrating electric field what does an electromagnetic wave consist of?
Here are the choices:
A. gravitational field
B. magnetic field
C. radiation field
D. molecular field | An electromagnetic wave consists of vibrating electric and magnetic fields. | B: magnetic field. |
What type of bones serve as points of attachment for muscles and often protect internal organs?
Here are the choices:
A. irregular bones
B. short bones
C. sesamoid bones
D. flat bones | Flat Bones The term “ flat bone” is somewhat of a misnomer because, although a flat bone is typically thin, it is also often curved. Examples include the cranial (skull) bones, the scapulae (shoulder blades), the sternum (breastbone), and the ribs. Flat bones serve as points of attachment for muscles and often protect ... | D: flat bones. |
The presence of what stratospheric gas layer decreases the frequency of skin cancer and other damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation?
Here are the choices:
A. ozone
B. cumulonimbus
C. plasma
D. smog | O 3(g) ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ → O(g) + O 2(g) The reactive oxygen atoms recombine with molecular oxygen to complete the ozone cycle. The presence of stratospheric ozone decreases the frequency of skin cancer and other damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation. It has been clearly demonstrated that chlorofluorocarbons, CFCs... | A: ozone. |
The characteristic sound of a motorcycle buzzing by is an example of which effect?
Here are the choices:
A. coreolis effect
B. warp effect
C. doppler effect
D. polar effect | 17.4 Doppler Effect and Sonic Booms The characteristic sound of a motorcycle buzzing by is an example of the Doppler effect. The high-pitch scream shifts dramatically to a lower-pitch roar as the motorcycle passes by a stationary observer. The closer the motorcycle brushes by, the more abrupt the shift. The faster the ... | C: doppler effect. |
What protects the scalp from ultraviolet light exposure and loss of body heat?
Here are the choices:
A. temporal hair
B. head hair
C. ground hair
D. receding hair | Head hair protects the scalp from ultraviolet light exposure and loss of body heat. Hair in eyelashes, eyebrows, and nostrils traps water, dust, and other irritants. Nails protect the ends of fingers and toes and enhance the sense of touch. | B: head hair. |
What is the name given to the use of controlled nuclear fusion as an energy source?
Here are the choices:
A. thermonuclear power
B. generator power
C. fossil fuel
D. half-life | 32.5 Fusion While basking in the warmth of the summer sun, a student reads of the latest breakthrough in achieving sustained thermonuclear power and vaguely recalls hearing about the cold fusion controversy. The three are connected. The Sun’s energy is produced by nuclear fusion (see Figure 32.15). Thermonuclear power ... | A: thermonuclear power. |
Some compounds containing hydrogen are members of an important class of substances known as what?
Here are the choices:
A. ions
B. proteins
C. bases
D. acids | Binary Acids Some compounds containing hydrogen are members of an important class of substances known as acids. The chemistry of these compounds is explored in more detail in later chapters of this text, but for now, it will suffice to note that many acids release hydrogen ions, H+, when dissolved in water. To denote t... | D: acids. |
In which organ are bile acids made
Here are the choices:
A. gall bladder
B. spleen
C. kidney
D. liver | Bile salts are bile acids that help to break down fat. Bile acids are made in the liver. When you eat a meal, bile is secreted into the intestine, where it breaks down the fats ( Figure below ). | D: liver. |
What is the layer of electrons that encircle the nucleus at a distinct energy level called?
Here are the choices:
A. electron shell
B. ions shell
C. molecular shell
D. vortex shell | The Behavior of Electrons In the human body, atoms do not exist as independent entities. Rather, they are constantly reacting with other atoms to form and to break down more complex substances. To fully understand anatomy and physiology you must grasp how atoms participate in such reactions. The key is understanding th... | A: electron shell. |
What is the most common way to classify stars?
Here are the choices:
A. by age
B. by distance
C. by size
D. by color | The most common way of classifying stars is by color as shown, in Table below . Each class of star is given a letter, a color, and a range of temperatures. The letters don’t match the color names because stars were first grouped as A through O. It wasn't until later that their order was corrected to go by increasing te... | D: by color. |
What is a homogeneous mixture also known as?
Here are the choices:
A. structure
B. solution
C. mixture
D. element | A solution is another name for a homogeneous mixture. http://catalog. flatworldknowledge. com/bookhub/reader/2547 - gob-ch01defined a mixture as a material composed of two or more substances. In a solution, the combination is so intimate that the different substances cannot be differentiated by sight, even with a micro... | B: solution. |
Living organisms are made up of what type of carbon-based compounds?
Here are the choices:
A. synthetic
B. microbial
C. biophysical
D. biochemical | Biochemical compounds are carbon-based compounds that make up living organisms. There are four main classes of biochemical compounds: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. The classes have different structures and functions. | D: biochemical. |
What classification system was developed by a swedish botanist trying to classify all known living things?
Here are the choices:
A. linnaean system
B. taxonomical system
C. plantological system
D. bionumerical system | All modern classification systems have their roots in the Linnaean classification system. It was developed by Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus in the 1700s. He tried to classify all living things that were known at his time. He grouped together organisms that shared obvious physical traits, such as number of legs or s... | A: linnaean system. |
The word science is derived from what latin word?
Here are the choices:
A. scefitana
B. scitifica
C. scentia
D. sceria | The Nature of Science Biology is a science, but what exactly is science? What does the study of biology share with other scientific disciplines? Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning "knowledge") can be defined as knowledge about the natural world. Science is a very specific way of learning, or knowing, about the w... | C: scentia. |
In a model of an atom, the level with the least energy is the one closest to what?
Here are the choices:
A. protons
B. surface
C. center
D. nucleus | The model of an atom in Figure below has six energy levels. The level with the least energy is the one closest to the nucleus. As you go farther from the nucleus, the levels have more and more energy. Electrons can jump from one energy level to another. If an atom absorbs energy, some of its electrons can jump to a hig... | D: nucleus. |
What is the process of making atp without oxygen called?
Here are the choices:
A. fermentation
B. Cell Division
C. condensation
D. photosynthesis | An important way of making ATP without oxygen is called fermentation . It involves glycolysis, but not the other two stages of aerobic respiration. Many bacteria and yeasts carry out fermentation. People use these organisms to make yogurt, bread, wine, and biofuels. Human muscle cells also use fermentation. This occurs... | A: fermentation. |
What is the type of mining called when materials are removed along a strip?
Here are the choices:
A. edge mining
B. surface mining
C. pit mining
D. strip mining | Other methods of surface mining include strip mining, placer mining, and dredging. Strip mining is like open pit mining but with material removed along a strip. A quarry is a type of open-pit mine that produces rocks and minerals that are used to make buildings and roads. | D: strip mining. |
Chlorine is a nonmetal and gains one electron in becoming a what?
Here are the choices:
A. sulfate
B. carbonate
C. atom
D. anion | We will use sodium chloride as an example to demonstrate the nature of the ionic bond and how it forms. As you know, sodium is a metal and loses its one valence electron to become a cation. Chlorine is a nonmetal and gains one electron in becoming an anion. Both achieve a noble-gas electron configuration. However, elec... | D: anion. |
The most common mode of asexual reproduction is through the formation of asexual these?
Here are the choices:
A. spores
B. atoms
C. fibers
D. cells | The most common mode of asexual reproduction is through the formation of asexual spores, which are produced by one parent only (through mitosis) and are genetically identical to that parent (Figure 24.8). Spores allow fungi to expand their distribution and colonize new environments. They may be released from the parent... | A: spores. |
Some species of fish carry their fertilized eggs in their mouth until they hatch; this is called what?
Here are the choices:
A. schooling
B. spawning
C. mouth brooding
D. internal reproduction | Mouth Brooding. Some species of fish carry their fertilized eggs in their mouth until they hatch. This is called mouth brooding. If you look closely, you can see the eggs inside the mouth of the cardinalfish pictured here. | C: mouth brooding. |
In a chemical reaction, what, in general, comes together in order to form a product?
Here are the choices:
A. reactants
B. liquids
C. gases
D. propellants | Bonds break and reform during chemical reactions. Reactants and products contain the same atoms, but they are rearranged during the reaction, so reactants and products are different substances. | A: reactants. |
What decides what may enter or leave a cell?
Here are the choices:
A. cell membrane
B. cell wall
C. nucleus
D. golgi apparatus | The cell membrane also decides what may enter or leave a cell. The membrane is said to be semipermeable or selectively permeable, allowing only certain ions and organic molecules to cross the membrane. The plasma membrane contain many proteins, as well as other lipids called sterols. The proteins have various functions... | A: cell membrane. |
What trophic level are secondary consumers (which eat primary consumers) considered to be?
Here are the choices:
A. trophic level 3
B. trophic level 2
C. trophic level 5
D. trophic level 4 | Trophic level 3 = secondary consumers that eat primary consumers. | A: trophic level 3. |
What type of map projection is used for small areas to avoid distortion?
Here are the choices:
A. unmeasured projection
B. equatorial projection
C. mercator projection
D. gnomic projection | What if you want a different approach? Let's say you don't want to wrap a flat piece of paper around a round object. You could put a flat piece of paper right on the area that you want to map. This type of map is called a gnomonic map projection ( Figure below ). The paper only touches Earth at one point. The sizes and... | D: gnomic projection. |
What do atoms form by sharing valence electrons?
Here are the choices:
A. phenotype bonds
B. neutron bonds
C. ionic bonds
D. covalent bonds | Atoms form covalent bonds by sharing valence electrons. The valence electrons are located in atomic orbitals. However, when a bond forms, the structure of the atomic orbitals changes. In this lesson, we will see how the atomic orbitals interact to share valence electrons and form different types of covalent bonds. | D: covalent bonds. |
What is the process that moves particles by rolling or dragging along the bottom of the water?
Here are the choices:
A. compression
B. isolation
C. compaction
D. traction | The biggest particles, including gravel and pebbles, are moved by traction . In this process, the particles roll or drag along the bottom of the water. | D: traction. |
Alkenes react with what to form dihalides?
Here are the choices:
A. oxides
B. antioxidants
C. halogens
D. amines | Alkenes can react with halogens to form dihalides. | C: halogens. |
A supervolcano that may have killed all but 10,000 humans resulted in what phenomenon, lasting up to a decade?
Here are the choices:
A. volcanic winter
B. volcanic summer
C. volcano fall
D. volcano spring | A supervolcano eruption took place at Lake Toba in northern Sumatra about 75,000 years ago ( Figure below ). This was the largest eruption in the past 25 million years. As much as 2,800 cubic kilometers of material was ejected into the atmosphere. The result was a 6- to 10-year volcanic winter. Some scientists think th... | A: volcanic winter. |
The existence of the plasma membrane was identified in the 1890s, and its chemical components were identified in 1915. the principal components identified at that time were these?
Here are the choices:
A. lipids and proteins
B. gasses and proteins
C. lipids and carbohydrates
D. carbohydrates and proteins | Fluid Mosaic Model The existence of the plasma membrane was identified in the 1890s, and its chemical components were identified in 1915. The principal components identified at that time were lipids and proteins. The first widely accepted model of the plasma membrane’s structure was proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and ... | A: lipids and proteins. |
Acting like drawstrings to close off the alimentary canal, what regulates the passage of material between compartments?
Here are the choices:
A. uterus
B. intestine
C. sphincter
D. hamstring | C: sphincter. | |
What man-made substance tends to break down ozone in the stratosphere?
Here are the choices:
A. steel
B. gasoline
C. plastic
D. cfcs | CFCs break down ozone in the stratosphere. | D: cfcs. |
What in saliva protects the lining of the mouth from abrasion and lubricates food for easier swallowing?
Here are the choices:
A. hairs
B. mucus
C. phloem
D. spores | B: mucus. | |
Which latitudes get the most energy from the sun?
Here are the choices:
A. highest latitudes
B. middle latitudes
C. polular latitudes
D. lowest latitudes | The lowest latitudes get the most energy from the Sun. The highest latitudes get the least. | D: lowest latitudes. |
Extended stays in zero gravity are not healthy for human beings. thus, for the comfort of the astronauts, the station is rotated so that the astronauts feel there is what?
Here are the choices:
A. Fixed Gravity
B. internal gravity
C. revealed gravity
D. still gravity | A space station was established far from the gravitational field of Earth. Extended stays in zero gravity are not healthy for human beings. Thus, for the comfort of the astronauts, the station is rotated so that the astronauts feel there is an internal gravity. The rotation speed is such that the apparent acceleration ... | B: internal gravity. |
What parts of the planet does solar energy have difficulty reaching?
Here are the choices:
A. poles
B. equators
C. deserts
D. oceans | Much less solar energy gets to the poles. | A: poles. |
Oceans are made of a solution of what?
Here are the choices:
A. salt and carbon
B. salt and water
C. salt and algae
D. water and carbon | Flickr:xiquinhosilva. Oceans are made of a solution of salt and water . CC BY 2.0. | B: salt and water. |
Although humans require it, what accounts for just one percent of all water on earth?
Here are the choices:
A. fresh water
B. glaciers
C. snow
D. salt water | All living things need water. For most human uses, water must be fresh. Of all the water on Earth, only 1 percent is fresh, liquid water. Most of the rest of Earth’s water is either salt water in the ocean or ice in glaciers and ice caps. | A: fresh water. |
Arachidic, stearic, and palmitic fatty acids are examples of what type of fatty acid?
Here are the choices:
A. compacted
B. integral
C. neutral
D. saturated | Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids. Saturated fatty acids include arachidic, stearic, and palmitic fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acids include all the other fatty acids in the figure. Notice how all the unsaturated fatty acids have bent chains, whereas the saturated fatty acids have straight chains. | D: saturated. |
Weather maps show storms, air masses, and what?
Here are the choices:
A. patterns
B. currents
C. regions
D. fronts | Weather maps show storms, air masses, and fronts. | D: fronts. |
What is a pure substance called?
Here are the choices:
A. a liquid
B. homogeneous matter
C. a mixture
D. an element | A pure substance is called an element . An element is a pure substance because it cannot be separated into any other substances. Currently, 92 different elements are known to exist in nature, although additional elements have been formed in labs. All matter consists of one or more of these elements. Some elements are v... | D: an element. |
What term describes the energy of an object that is moving or has the potential to move?
Here are the choices:
A. thermal energy
B. mechanical energy
C. stationary energy
D. molecular energy | Mechanical energy is the energy of an object that is moving or has the potential to move. It is the sum of an object’s kinetic and potential energy. In Figure below , the basketball has mechanical energy because it is moving. The arrow in the same figure has mechanical energy because it has the potential to move due to... | B: mechanical energy. |
Evidence for the presence of what on mars makes scientists think that life might have existed there in the past?
Here are the choices:
A. gas
B. plasma
C. air
D. water | Curiosity, the rover, has found evidence of a flowing stream on Mars. Layers of smooth, water-polished pebbles have been photographed. This is exactly what you would see in a stream on Earth. There are many surface features that look like water-eroded canyons. Since there was liquid water on Mars, scientists think that... | D: water. |
What does photosynthesis allow plants to generate?
Here are the choices:
A. enriched molecules
B. clorophyll
C. organic molecules
D. geometric molecules | C: organic molecules. | |
How many low and high tides occur per day?
Here are the choices:
A. ten
B. four
C. six
D. two | The primary cause of tides is the gravitational attraction of the Moon. This causes two high and two low tides a day. | D: two. |
What makes up most of the inside of a plant?
Here are the choices:
A. star tissue
B. animal tissue
C. mitochondria
D. ground tissue | In normal faults , the hanging wall drops down relative to the footwall. Normal faults are caused by tension that pulls the crust apart. This causes the hanging wall to slide down. Normal faults can build huge mountain ranges in regions experiencing tension ( Figure below ). | D: ground tissue. |
The first living cells may have evolved around how long ago?
Here are the choices:
A. 900,000 years
B. 2.2 billion years
C. 4 billion years
D. 6 billion years | The Precambrian Supereon (4.6 billion–544 million years ago) is the first major division of the geologic time scale. The first living cells may have evolved around 4 billion years ago. By 1 million years ago, the first multicellular eukaryotes had evolved. The Precambrian ended with the first of six mass extinctions th... | C: 4 billion years. |
What kind of relay occurs between the uterus, hypothalamus, and the posterior pituitary to assure an adequate supply of the hormone oxytocin during childbirth?
Here are the choices:
A. currents feedback
B. positive feedback
C. affirmative feedback
D. pressure feedback | Labor and Birth Labor is the physical efforts of expulsion of the fetus and the placenta from the uterus during birth (parturition). Toward the end of the third trimester, estrogen causes receptors on the uterine wall to develop and bind the hormone oxytocin. At this time, the baby reorients, facing forward and down wi... | B: positive feedback. |
What type of plants do not typically require deep roots or woody stems?
Here are the choices:
A. dry plants
B. surface plants
C. aquatic plants
D. bacterial plants | Modern plants that live in water are called aquatic plants . Living in water has certain advantages for plants. One advantage is, well, the water. There's plenty of it and it's all around. Therefore, most aquatic plants do not need adaptations for absorbing, transporting, and conserving water. They can save energy and ... | C: aquatic plants. |
What is the key to the demographic transition?
Here are the choices:
A. higher death rates
B. higher birth rates
C. reduced family size
D. higher expatriation | C: reduced family size. | |
For the nervous system to function, neurons must be able to send and receive what?
Here are the choices:
A. signals
B. information
C. proteins
D. pulses | Nerve Impulse Transmission within a Neuron For the nervous system to function, neurons must be able to send and receive signals. These signals are possible because each neuron has a charged cellular membrane (a voltage difference between the inside and the outside), and the charge of this membrane can change in respons... | A: signals. |
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