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test · 389k rows

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What do you call the process that results in an animal producing offspring? Here are the choices: A. differentiation B. creationism C. adoption D. reproduction		D: reproduction.
What do voltmeters measure? Here are the choices: A. current increase across a resistor B. voltage drop across a resistor C. voltage increase across a resistor D. current drop across a resistor	Voltmeters measure the voltage drop across a resistor.	B: voltage drop across a resistor.
Distinct from a suspension, a solution is considered what type of mixture? Here are the choices: A. heterogeneous B. continuous C. gaseous D. homogeneous	As a child, you may have made suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water, known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible (or that can be seen with a magnifying glass). They are c...	D: homogeneous.
What is the largest and most complex algae Here are the choices: A. green algae B. open algae C. strange algae D. brown algae		D: brown algae.
Scientists around the world study speciation, documenting observations both of living organisms and those found in the fossil record. as their ideas take shape and as research reveals new details about how life evolves, they develop models to help explain what? Here are the choices: A. creation theory B. food chains C....	Varying Rates of Speciation Scientists around the world study speciation, documenting observations both of living organisms and those found in the fossil record. As their ideas take shape and as research reveals new details about how life evolves, they develop models to help explain rates of speciation. In terms of how...	C: rates of speciation.
How long do the long-lived isotopes require to decay to a safe level in a nuclear reactor? Here are the choices: A. hundreds of years B. millions of years C. tens of years D. thousands of years	The energy produced by a reactor fueled with enriched uranium results from the fission of uranium as well as from the fission of plutonium produced as the reactor operates. As discussed previously, the plutonium forms from the combination of neutrons and the uranium in the fuel. In any nuclear reactor, only about 0.1% ...	D: thousands of years.
The production of light by living things is called what? Here are the choices: A. apoptosis B. bioluminescence C. bio-glow D. attenuation	Another interesting feature of many cnidarians is the ability to produce light. The production of light by living things is called bioluminescence. A more familiar example of bioluminescence is the light produced by fireflies. In cnidarians, bioluminescence may be used to startle predators or to attract prey or mates. ...	B: bioluminescence.
Animals that live in groups with other members of their species are called what? Here are the choices: A. energetic animals B. social animals C. common animals D. present animals	Why is animal communication important? Without it, animals would not be able to live together in groups. Animals that live in groups with other members of their species are called social animals . Social animals include many species of insects, birds, and mammals. Specific examples of social animals are ants, bees, cro...	B: social animals.
Teeth in the back of the mouth are used for what? Here are the choices: A. grinding food B. cutting food C. tearing food D. swallowing food	The mouth also begins the process of mechanical digestion. Sharp teeth in the front of the mouth cut or tear food when you bite into it (see Figure below ). Broad teeth in the back of the mouth grind food when you chew. Food is easier to chew because it is moistened by saliva from the salivary glands. The tongue helps ...	A: grinding food.
Compared to red light, blue light has a shorter what? Here are the choices: A. gravity B. life span C. absorption D. wavelength	Blue light has a shorter wavelength than red light. Which color has the higher frequency? Which moves faster in a vacuum?.	D: wavelength.
The most common substance on earth, water, is primarily present in what state? Here are the choices: A. gas B. freshwater C. solid D. liquid	Water is the most common substance on Earth, and most of it exists in the liquid state. A liquid is one of four well-known states of matter, along with solid, gas, and plasma states. The particles of liquids are in close contact with each other but not as tightly packed as the particles in solids. The particles can sli...	D: liquid.
What kind of respiration allows rapid production of atp in low oxygen situations? Here are the choices: A. aerobic B. anabolic C. anaerobic D. enzymatic	Muscle color reflects its specialization for aerobic or anaerobic metabolism. Although humans are obligate aerobes , our muscle cells have not given up on ancient pathways which allow them to keep producing ATP quickly when oxygen runs low. The difference is more pronounced in chickens and grouse ( Figure below ), whic...	C: anaerobic.
What two forces tend to keep an animal stationary and thus oppose locomotion? Here are the choices: A. thickness and gravity B. stength and gravity C. friction and gravity D. workload and gravity		C: friction and gravity.
What are membrane-bound organelles with their own dna called? Here are the choices: A. chromosomes B. ribosomes C. plastids D. vacuoles	Plastids are membrane-bound organelles with their own DNA. Examples are chloroplasts and chromoplasts. Chloroplasts contain the green pigment chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis . Chromoplasts make and store other pigments. They give flower petals their bright colors.	C: plastids.
What kind of atomic molecule is oxygen gas? Here are the choices: A. aromatic B. diatomic C. dramatic D. symbiotic	Make sure formulas of all reactants and products are correct before balancing the equation. Oxygen gas is a diatomic molecule. Potassium oxide is an ionic compound and so its formula is constructed by the crisscross method. Potassium as an ion becomes K + , while the oxide ion is O 2− .	B: diatomic.
Why can't fungi make their own food like plants do? Here are the choices: A. no cells B. no organelles C. no chloroplasts D. no hydrogen	Fungi cannot make their own food like plants can, since they do not have chloroplasts and cannot carry out photosynthesis. Fungi are more like animals because they are heterotrophs, as opposed to autotrophs, like plants, that make their own food. Fungi have to obtain their food, nutrients and glucose, from outside sour...	C: no chloroplasts.
The vestibulocochlear nerve is responsible for the senses of hearing and what else? Here are the choices: A. sight B. awareness C. balance D. smell	motor nucleus), and their target (sensory nucleus or skeletal muscle). They are listed here with a brief explanation of each nerve (Figure 13.23). The olfactory nerve and optic nerve are responsible for the sense of smell and vision, respectively. The oculomotor nerve is responsible for eye movements by controlling fou...	C: balance.
What is an alloy of copper and tin? Here are the choices: A. gold B. bronze C. zinc D. silver	Bronze, an alloy of copper and tin, has been in use since ancient times. The Bronze Age saw the increased use of metals rather than stone for weapons, tools, and decorative objects. Brass, an alloy of copper and zinc, is widely used in musical instruments like the trumpet and trombone.	B: bronze.
What spreads sti during sexual contact? Here are the choices: A. viruses B. pathogens C. parasites D. blood	STIs are diseases caused by pathogens that spread through sexual contact.	B: pathogens.
How many amino acids are arranged like "beads on a string" to form proteins? Here are the choices: A. 20 B. 15 C. 25 D. 35	Proteins are nutrients made up of smaller molecules called amino acids . Recall that there are 20 different amino acids arranged like "beads on a string" to form proteins. These amino acid chains then fold up into a three-dimensional molecule, giving the protein a specific function. Proteins have several important role...	A: 20.
What do refrigerator magnets contain that make them stick to a refrigerator door? Here are the choices: A. zinc B. copper C. iron D. steel	Refrigerator magnets stick to a refrigerator door because it contains iron. Why won’t the magnets stick to wooden cabinet doors?.	C: iron.
When does most amphibians' parenting end? Here are the choices: A. never B. once offspring reach adulthood C. once eggs have been laid D. after adolescence	Amphibians generally lay large number of eggs. Often, many adults lay eggs in the same place at the same time. This helps to ensure that eggs will be fertilized and at least some of the embryos will survive. Once eggs have been laid, most amphibians are done with their parenting.	C: once eggs have been laid.
What helps an insectivorous plant attract and digest insects? Here are the choices: A. specialized flowers B. special seeds C. specialized leaves D. spines	Insectivorous Plants An insectivorous plant has specialized leaves to attract and digest insects. The Venus flytrap is popularly known for its insectivorous mode of nutrition, and has leaves that work as traps (Figure 31.16). The minerals it obtains from prey compensate for those lacking in the boggy (low pH) soil of i...	C: specialized leaves.
E. coli uses how many enzymes to take up and metabolize lactose? Here are the choices: A. 11 B. 4 C. 3 D. 2		C: 3.
What forms as a result of decomposition when n2o is heated? Here are the choices: A. nitrogen and hydrogen B. nitrogen and oxygen C. calcium and oxygen D. ammonia and nitrogren	The oxides of nitrogen(III), nitrogen(IV), and nitrogen(V) react with water and form nitrogen-containing oxyacids. Nitrogen(III) oxide, N2O3, is the anhydride of nitrous acid; HNO2 forms when N2O3 reacts with water. There are no stable oxyacids containing nitrogen with an oxidation state of 4+; therefore, nitrogen(IV) ...	B: nitrogen and oxygen.
Biomass can also be processed to make what kind of fuel? Here are the choices: A. hydrogen fuel B. biofuel C. fossil D. gasoline	Biomass is another renewable source of energy. Biomass includes wood, grains, and other plant materials or waste materials. People can burn wood directly for energy in the form of heat. Biomass can also be processed to make biofuel. Biofuel is a fairly new type of energy that is becoming more popular. Biomass is useful...	B: biofuel.
What is produced when an egg is fertilized by a sperm in a fallopian tube? Here are the choices: A. uterus B. zygote C. fetus D. ovaries	Fertilization of an egg by a sperm in a fallopian tube produces a zygote. The zygote develops into a blastocyst, which implants in the uterus. The offspring then goes through the embryonic and fetal stages. The placenta supports the needs of the developing embryo and fetus. Birth generally occurs at about 38 months aft...	B: zygote.
What structures receive blood from the atria and pump it out of the heart? Here are the choices: A. muscles B. valves C. ventricles D. Vascular Fibers	The bottom two chambers of the heart are called the left and right ventricles. The ventricles receive blood from the atria and pump it out of the heart, either to the lungs or to the rest of the body.	C: ventricles.
What are modified leaves that bear sporangia? Here are the choices: A. sporozoans B. sporophylls C. spines D. neutrophils		B: sporophylls.
The reverse process of moving material into a cell is the process of what? Here are the choices: A. exocytosis B. osmosis C. proteolysis D. endocytosis	Exocytosis The reverse process of moving material into a cell is the process of exocytosis. Exocytosis is the opposite of the processes discussed above in that its purpose is to expel material from the cell into the extracellular fluid. Waste material is enveloped in a membrane and fuses with the interior of the plasma...	A: exocytosis.
Constriction and dilation allow the circulatory system to change the amount of blood flowing to which body parts? Here are the choices: A. tissues B. organs C. arteries D. muscles	Constriction and dilation allow the circulatory system to change the amount of blood flowing to different organs. For example, during a fight-or-flight response, dilation and constriction of blood vessels allow more blood to flow to skeletal muscles and less to flow to digestive organs. Dilation of blood vessels in the...	B: organs.
Focused on evolution, the studies of what man have reshaped and influenced all aspects of biology? Here are the choices: A. charles darwin B. Albert Einstein C. scopes D. Linnaeus	Evolution focuses on past life forms and how they turned into present life forms. The history of life on Earth demonstrates how the first cells formed, turned into simple life forms, and then became more complex plants and animals. The studies of Charles Darwin have reshaped and influenced all aspects of biology. The m...	A: charles darwin.
Are cnidarians typically found in ocean or fresh water habitats? Here are the choices: A. lakes B. ocean C. rivers D. freshwater	Cnidarians can be found in almost all ocean habitats. A few species live in fresh water.	B: ocean.
Increasing the pressure on a gas has what effect on its solubility? Here are the choices: A. increase B. slow C. decrease D. halt	The solubility of gases is also affected by pressure. Pressure is the force pushing against a given area. Increasing the pressure on a gas increases its solubility. Did you ever open a can of soda and notice how it fizzes out of the can? Soda contains dissolved carbon dioxide. Opening the can reduces the pressure on th...	A: increase.
What type of fertilization do most reptiles have? Here are the choices: A. budding B. internal C. spawning D. external	Most reptiles reproduce sexually and have internal fertilization. They lay eggs on land and generally do not provide parental care. Reptile hatchlings look like miniature adults. They lack a larval stage and do not go through metamorphosis.	B: internal.
The vertebrate endoskeleton is made of bone and what tough, flexible tissue? Here are the choices: A. collagen B. cuticle C. cartilage D. synovial tissue	The vertebrate endoskeleton is made of bone and cartilage. Cartilage is a tough, flexible tissue that contains a protein called collagen. Bone is a hard tissue consisting of a collagen framework that is filled in with minerals such as calcium. Bone is less flexible than cartilage but stronger. A bony endoskeleton allow...	C: cartilage.
What has hot days and cool nights, and are typically covered with sand dunes or sparse but hardy plants? Here are the choices: A. arctic B. deserts C. rain forest D. tundra	The driest climates are deserts . Most occur between about 15° and 30° latitude. This is where dry air sinks to the surface in the global circulation cells. Deserts receive less than 25 centimeters (10 inches) of rain per year. They may be covered with sand dunes or be home to sparse but hardy plants (see Figure below ...	B: deserts.
In addition to insects, what large invertebrate phylum includes animals such as spiders, centipedes, and lobsters? Here are the choices: A. fungi B. onychophora C. ostracods D. arthropoda	Arthropods are invertebrates in Phylum Arthropoda. There are more than a million known species of arthropods. However, scientists estimate that only about a tenth of all arthropod species have been identified. In addition to insects, arthropods include animals such as spiders, centipedes, and lobsters. You can see why ...	D: arthropoda.
Monatomic cations have the same name as their parent element. what happens to monatomic anions? Here are the choices: A. ends in - be B. ends in - se C. ends in - fe D. ends in - de	Monatomic cations have the same name as their parent element, whereas monatomic anions end in - ide .	D: ends in - de.
What part of the body do hookworms infest? Here are the choices: A. intestines B. skin C. lungs D. brain	Hookworms, such as Ancyclostoma and Necator, infest the intestines and feed on the blood of mammals, especially in dogs, cats, and humans. Trichina worms (Trichinella) are the causal organism of trichinosis in humans, often resulting from the consumption of undercooked pork; Trichinella can infect other mammalian hosts...	A: intestines.
Parasitic leeches feed off of what? Here are the choices: A. brain B. blood C. tumor D. tissue	Annelids are segmented worms such as earthworms and leeches. Annelids have a coelom, closed circulatory system, excretory system, and complete digestive system. They also have a brain. Earthworms are important deposit feeders that help form and enrich soil. Leeches are either predators or parasites. Parasitic leeches f...	B: blood.
The mars rover collected round clumps of crystals that, on earth, usually form in what? Here are the choices: A. water B. rocks C. air D. volcanoes	The ice ages were very recent as Earth history goes. The animals are familiar, but they're still very different from modern ones. For one thing, most of them were huge. A small surface area-to-volume ratio is better for keeping warm (less surface to lose heat from). Although the dominant animals were mammals, the Pleis...	A: water.
Attraction of a material by a magnet is an example of what type of property? Here are the choices: A. thermal B. transitive C. chemical D. physical	Iron filings are attracted by a magnet. This is a physical property of iron but not of most other materials, including sand. How could you use this difference in physical properties to separate a mixture of iron filings and sand?.	D: physical.
What phenomenon is essential in order for evolution to occur because it increases genetic variation and the potential for individuals to differ? Here are the choices: A. radiation B. natural selection C. replication D. mutation	Mutations are essential for evolution to occur because they increase genetic variation and the potential for individuals to differ. The majority of mutations are neutral in their effects on the organisms in which they occur. Beneficial mutations may become more common through natural selection. Harmful mutations may ca...	D: mutation.
The two types of glaciers are continental and what other kind? Here are the choices: A. macro B. micro C. valley D. rolling	Glaciers form when more snow falls than melts each year. Over many years, layer upon layer of snow compacts and turns to ice. There are two different types of glaciers: continental glaciers and valley glaciers. Each type forms some unique features through erosion and deposition. An example of each type is pictured in F...	C: valley.
In dioecious animals, females generally produce what contribution to reproduction? Here are the choices: A. warmth B. eggs C. intelligence D. milk	During sexual reproduction, two parents are involved. Most animals are dioecious , meaning there is a separate male and female sex, with the male producing sperm and the female producing eggs. When a sperm and egg meet during fertilization , a zygote , the first cell of a new organism, is formed ( Figure below ). This ...	B: eggs.
The cells of all protists have a what? Here are the choices: A. argon B. nucleus C. cell walls D. protons	The cells of all protists have a nucleus. They also have other membrane-bound organelles. For example, all of them have mitochondria, and some of them have chloroplasts.	B: nucleus.
What type of organism causes many common diseases such as strep throat and food-borne illnesses? Here are the choices: A. virus B. parasite C. prion D. bacteria	Worldwide, the most common disease caused by bacteria is tuberculosis (TB). TB is a serious disease of the lungs. Another common disease caused by bacteria is strep throat. You may have had strep throat yourself. Bacteria that cause strep throat are shown below ( Figure below ). Some types of pneumonia and many cases o...	D: bacteria.
What type of current do generators in cars use? Here are the choices: A. direct current B. magnum current C. polar current D. alternating current	Generators may be set up to produce either alternating or direct current. Generators in cars and most power plants produce alternating current.	D: alternating current.
What is the movement of plates called? Here are the choices: A. fracking B. migration C. plate tectonics D. volcanic activity	Earthquakes are used to identify plate boundaries ( Figure below ). When earthquake locations are put on a map, they outline the plates . The movements of the plates are called plate tectonics.	C: plate tectonics.
Name a carbonyl in which the carbon atom is bonded to one carbon atom and one hydrogen atom (or two hydrogen atoms). Here are the choices: A. ketone B. acetylcholine C. aldehyde D. ester	An aldehyde is a carbonyl in which the carbon atom is bonded to one carbon atom and one hydrogen atom (or two hydrogen atoms, see below). Because the hydrogen atom is so small, the partial positive charge on the carbonyl carbon is very easy for other molecules to approach, making aldehydes a particularly reactive type ...	C: aldehyde.
The color of an object is determined by the what of it's reflected light? Here are the choices: A. luminosity B. variation C. absorption D. wavelength	We see an opaque object, such as the apple in Figure below , because it reflects some wavelengths of visible light. The wavelengths that are reflected determine the color that the object appears. For example, the apple in the figure appears red because it reflects red light and absorbs light of other wavelengths. We se...	D: wavelength.
The process in which dna is copied is called what? Here are the choices: A. dna transfer B. dna duplication C. dna splicing D. dna replication	The process in which DNA is copied is called DNA replication . You can see how it happens in Figure below . An enzyme breaks the bonds between the two DNA strands. Another enzyme pairs new, complementary nucleotides with those in the original chains. Two daughter DNA molecules form. Each contains one new chain and one ...	D: dna replication.
What type of seismic waves do the most damage? Here are the choices: A. gravity B. tension C. sunlight D. surface	The surface seismic waves do the most damage because they only travel along the surface of the ground.	D: surface.
Which continent is the only one that reptiles don't inhabit? Here are the choices: A. antartica B. Africa C. South America D. Europe	Today, reptiles live in a wide range of habitats. They can be found on every continent except Antarctica. Many turtles live in the ocean, while others live in freshwater or on land. Lizards are all terrestrial, but their habitats may range from deserts to rainforests, and from underground burrows to the tops of trees. ...	A: antartica.
What is responsible for the foul smell of rancid butt? Here are the choices: A. affixed acid B. ibogaine acid C. Fatty Acid D. butyric acid	25°C is 4.83. Butyric acid is responsible for the foul smell of rancid butter.	D: butyric acid.
The carbon cycle can be thought of in terms of two interdependent cycles - cellular respiration and what else? Here are the choices: A. glycolysis B. photosynthesis C. pollination D. spermatogenesis		B: photosynthesis.
What is the term for the green pigment in leaves that captures energy from the sun? Here are the choices: A. chlorophyll B. ammonia C. verdye D. carbonate	Chlorophyll is the green pigment in leaves that captures energy from the sun. Chlorophyll molecules are located in the thylakoid membranes inside chloroplasts.	A: chlorophyll.
Evolutionary adaptation is evidenced by different shapes of what structures in birds with different food preferences? Here are the choices: A. claws B. necks C. Stomach D. beaks	Notice the differences in the species’ beaks in Figure 18.13. Evolution in response to natural selection based on specific food sources in each new habitat led to evolution of a different beak suited to the specific food source. The seed-eating bird has a thicker, stronger beak which is suited to break hard nuts. The n...	D: beaks.
Amino acids contain both a carboxylic acid group and what other group? Here are the choices: A. fatty B. amine C. lipid D. compounds	Amino acids contain both a carboxylic acid group and an amine group.	B: amine.
What is an alloy of both tin and copper? Here are the choices: A. silver B. Cobalt C. bronze D. Aluminium	Archaeological evidence suggests that people have been using tin for at least 5500 years. Tin is used to form many useful alloys (mixtures of two or more metals). Bronze is an alloy of tin and copper, while solder is an alloy of tin and lead.	C: bronze.
What is the option to remove kidney stones other than surgery? Here are the choices: A. pump treatments B. glandular treatments C. ultrasound treatments D. skin treatments	Several other kinds of unsaturated monomers can be polymerized and are components in common household products. Polypropylene is stiffer than polyethylene is in plastic utensils and some other types of containers.	C: ultrasound treatments.
What does a theory need to be supported by? Here are the choices: A. facts B. many observations C. peer reviewed journals D. scientists	In science, a theory has been repeatedly shown to be true. A theory is supported by many observations. However, a theory may be disproved if conflicting data is discovered. Many important theories have been shown to be true by many observations and experiments and are extremely unlikely to be disproved. These include t...	B: many observations.
What happens when antibodies are transferred to a person who has never been exposed to the pathogen? Here are the choices: A. passive immunity B. acquired immunity C. allergic reaction D. active disease	Passive immunity results when antibodies are transferred to a person who has never been exposed to the pathogen. Passive immunity lasts only as long as the antibodies survive in body fluids. This is usually between a few days and a few months. Passive immunity may be acquired by a fetus through its mother’s blood. It m...	A: passive immunity.
What is the name for electrons closer to the nucleus that do not participate in bonding? Here are the choices: A. radical electrons B. surface electrons C. odd electrons D. core electrons	Core electrons are the electrons that are closer to the nucleus and therefore do not participate in bonding.	D: core electrons.
Which acid releases nitrates into soil? Here are the choices: A. lactic B. sulfuric C. uric D. citric		C: uric.
What instrument made it possible to study pressure quantitatively? Here are the choices: A. barometer B. seismograph C. anemometer D. thermometer	The thermometer was developed a short time after the barometer made it possible to study pressure in a quantitative manner. Although crude thermometers had been available for quite some time, Daniel Fahrenheit constructed a more accurate thermometer in 1724 using mercury in glass. Because the height of the mercury in t...	A: barometer.
What asymmetrical organ has four chambers and, in humans, is about the size of a clenched fist? Here are the choices: A. kidney B. brain C. heart D. liver	Structure of the Heart The heart muscle is asymmetrical as a result of the distance blood must travel in the pulmonary and systemic circuits. Since the right side of the heart sends blood to the pulmonary circuit it is smaller than the left side which must send blood out to the whole body in the systemic circuit, as sh...	C: heart.
Geiger counters can be used to detect what, in general? Here are the choices: A. radiation B. evaporation C. convection D. seismic load	One reason radiation is dangerous is that it can’t be detected with the senses. You normally can’t see it, smell it, hear it, or feel it. Fortunately, there are devices such as Geiger counters that can detect radiation. A Geiger counter, like the one in Figure below , has a tube that contains atoms of a gas. If radiati...	A: radiation.
What term is used to describe the energy of matter in motion? Here are the choices: A. gravitational energy B. emotional energy C. frictional energy D. kinetic energy	2.3 Chemical Reactions Chemical reactions, in which chemical bonds are broken and formed, require an initial investment of energy. Kinetic energy, the energy of matter in motion, fuels the collisions of atoms, ions, and molecules that are necessary if their old bonds are to break and new ones to form. All molecules sto...	D: kinetic energy.
What do you call the illness that occurs when harmful bacteria enter the digestive system in food? Here are the choices: A. food poisoning B. nutrition poisoning C. bacteria poisoning D. meat poisoning	illness that occurs when harmful bacteria enter the digestive system in food; commonly called food poisoning.	A: food poisoning.
Herbivores and omnivores have longer alimentary canals compared to what? Here are the choices: A. centipedes B. arthropods C. mammals D. carnivores		D: carnivores.
What do tadpoles turn into? Here are the choices: A. insects B. frogs C. fish D. snakes	Frogs develop from tadpoles, which develop from eggs. Notice the formation of the two powerful back legs used for jumping.	B: frogs.
The heat capacity of an object depends on its chemical composition and what other property? Here are the choices: A. mass B. concentrations C. volume D. weight	If a swimming pool and wading, both full of water at the same temperature were subjected to the same input of heat energy, the wading pool would certainly rise in temperature more quickly than the swimming pool. The heat capacity of an object depends both on its mass and its chemical composition. Because of its much la...	A: mass.
Human skin color is primarily due to the presence of what pigment in the skin? Here are the choices: A. tannin B. melatonin C. melanin D. cytoplasm	Human skin color is primarily due to the presence of the pigment melanin in the skin. Melanin is not a protein, but it is the product of a biosynthetic pathway. Skin color is a polygenic trait and obviously demonstrates quantitative characteristics. A number of genes factor into determining a person's natural skin colo...	C: melanin.
What is pollution that enters water at just one point called? Here are the choices: A. point supply pollution B. point source pollution C. entry point pollution D. point supply pollution	Pollution that enters water at just one point is called point source pollution . For example, chemicals from a factory might empty into a stream through a pipe or set of pipes (see Figure below ). Pollution that enters in many places is called non-point source pollution . This means that the pollution is from multiple ...	B: point source pollution.
The various sensory organs are part of what organ system? Here are the choices: A. nervous B. lymphatic C. digestive D. respiratory	Sensory organs such as the eyes and ears are part of the nervous system. The nervous system controls all other body systems. However, the nervous system doesn’t work alone. The endocrine system also helps to regulate the body and its functions.	A: nervous.
Down syndrome is caused by having three copies of what, a condition known as trisomy? Here are the choices: A. DNA B. chromosome C. variation D. genome	Chromosomal Disorders Sometimes a genetic disease is not caused by a mutation in a gene, but by the presence of an incorrect number of chromosomes. For example, Down syndrome is caused by having three copies of chromosome 21. This is known as trisomy 21. The most common cause of trisomy 21 is chromosomal nondisjunction...	B: chromosome.
What kind of weathering changes the size of a mineral or rock but does not change its chemical composition? Here are the choices: A. molecular weathering B. mechanical weathering C. chemical reaction D. radiation	The weathering of rocks and minerals can be mechanical or chemical. Mechanical weathering changes the size of a mineral or rock. Mechanical weathering does not change the chemical composition of that material. Chemical weathering changes the composition of a mineral or rock. Different types of weathering can alter the ...	B: mechanical weathering.
What do waves do when they are unable to pass through an object? Here are the choices: A. Roll over. B. produce off C. develop off D. reflect off	Waves may reflect off an obstacle that they are unable to pass through. When waves are reflected straight back from an obstacle, the reflected waves interfere with the original waves and create standing waves . These are waves that appear to be standing still. Standing waves occur because of a combination of constructi...	D: reflect off.
What is used to date older fossils? Here are the choices: A. litmus testing B. radioactive isotopes C. search engines D. electron microscopes		B: radioactive isotopes.
What external feature in human beings is responsible for balance? Here are the choices: A. tails B. brain C. hands D. ears	The ears are also responsible for the sense of balance. Balance is the ability to sense and maintain body position. The semicircular canals inside the ear (see Figure above ) contain fluid that moves when the head changes position. Tiny hairs lining the semicircular canals sense movement of the fluid. In response, they...	D: ears.
What branch of science is the study of human origins? Here are the choices: A. palaeobiology B. biology C. pharmacology D. paleoanthropology		D: paleoanthropology.
Skeletal muscle cells and cardiac muscle cells share what property, which is not shared by smooth muscle cells? Here are the choices: A. surfaces B. striations C. filaments D. overlap	Figure 33.18 Smooth muscle cells do not have striations, while skeletal muscle cells do. Cardiac muscle cells have striations, but, unlike the multinucleate skeletal cells, they have only one nucleus. Cardiac muscle tissue also has intercalated discs, specialized regions running along the plasma membrane that join adja...	B: striations.
Latitude affects the amount of what received by an area, which in turn affects the temperature of a region? Here are the choices: A. solar radiation B. current radiation C. geothermal radiation D. chemical radiation	We saw that the amount of solar radiation an area receives depends on its latitude. The amount of solar radiation affects the temperature of a region. Latitude has other effects on climate.	A: solar radiation.
What do you call an abnormal mass formed when cells divide uncontrollably? Here are the choices: A. inflammation B. tumor C. layer D. infection.	Cells that divide uncontrollably may form a tumor, or abnormal mass of cells. Tumors may be benign or malignant. Benign tumors remain localized and generally do not harm health. Malignant tumors are cancerous. There are no limits to their growth, so they can invade and damage neighboring tissues. Cells from malignant t...	B: tumor.
What layer is below the lithosphere and in the upper mantle? Here are the choices: A. hydrosphere B. asthenosphere C. magnetosphere D. troposphere	Below the lithosphere is the asthenosphere . The asthenosphere is also in the upper mantle. This layer is solid, but it can flow and bend. A solid that can flow is like silly putty.	B: asthenosphere.
What are lipopolysaccharide components of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria? Here are the choices: A. pathogens B. endotoxins C. reactants D. hormones		B: endotoxins.
In aquatic communities, the main producers are photosynthetic protists and what? Here are the choices: A. eukaryotes B. prokaryotes C. crustaceans D. arthropods		B: prokaryotes.
How does the liquid in a thermometer respond to heat or cold? Here are the choices: A. disappears B. expands or contracts C. freezes or boils D. rises or vaporizes	Many thermometers measure temperature with a liquid that expands when it gets warmer and contracts when it gets cooler. Look at the common household thermometer pictured in the Figure below . The red liquid rises or falls in the glass tube as the temperature changes. Temperature is read off the scale at the height of t...	B: expands or contracts.
In most fish, where does the embryo develop in relation to the mother's body? Here are the choices: A. outside B. water C. Eggs D. inside	Figure below shows the structures inside a typical eukaryotic cell. The model cell in the figure represents an animal cell. Refer to the model as you read about the structures below. You can also explore the structures in the interactive animal cell at this link:.	A: outside.
What is the name of the life stage when a child becomes sexually mature? Here are the choices: A. adulthood B. adolescence C. puberty D. maturity	Puberty is the stage of life when a child becomes sexually mature. Puberty lasts from about 12 to 18 years of age in boys and from about 10 to 16 years of age in girls. The age when puberty begins is different from one child to another. Children that begin puberty much earlier or later than their peers may feel self-co...	C: puberty.
Cytokinesis divides what part of the cell into two distinctive cells? Here are the choices: A. cell wall B. cytoplasm C. DNA D. nucleus	The Cell Cycle One “turn” or cycle of the cell cycle consists of two general phases: interphase, followed by mitosis and cytokinesis. Interphase is the period of the cell cycle during which the cell is not dividing. The majority of cells are in interphase most of the time. Mitosis is the division of genetic material, d...	B: cytoplasm.
What is it called when a liquid displays more attraction between the liquid particles than attraction between the liquid and the glass? Here are the choices: A. stability B. flexion C. tension D. cohesion	Some liquids, such as mercury, display more attraction between the liquid particles than attraction between the liquid and the glass. This is known as cohesion . The pull between the liquid particles is stronger, so the liquid pulls away from the glass.	D: cohesion.
In what type of mining must tunnels be blasted into the rock so that miners and equipment can get to the ore? Here are the choices: A. strip mining B. underground mining C. open-pit mining D. gold mining	If an ore is deep below Earth’s surface it may be too expensive to remove all the rock above it. These deposits are taken by underground mining. Underground mines can be very deep. The deepest gold mine in South Africa is more than 3,700 m deep (that is more than 2 miles)! There are various methods of underground minin...	B: underground mining.
What kind of energy is released when the thermochemical reaction of a campfire converts wood to carbon dioxide and water? Here are the choices: A. heat B. smoke C. light D. ultraviolet	A camp fire is an example of basic thermochemistry. The reaction is initiated by the application of heat from a match. The reaction converting wood to carbon dioxide and water (among other things) continues, releasing heat energy in the process. This heat energy can then be used to cook food, roast marshmallows, or jus...	A: heat.
Like the mitochondria, chloroplasts have their own dna and ribosomes, but chloroplasts have an entirely different function. chloroplasts are plant cell organelles that carry out what? Here are the choices: A. growth B. digestion C. photosynthesis D. reproduction	Chloroplasts Like the mitochondria, chloroplasts have their own DNA and ribosomes, but chloroplasts have an entirely different function. Chloroplasts are plant cell organelles that carry out photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the series of reactions that use carbon dioxide, water, and light energy to make glucose and ox...	C: photosynthesis.
While normal light microscopes can magnify objects up to about 1,500 times, what advanced instruments can magnify objects up to 1,000,000 times? Here are the choices: A. magnetic microscopes B. micro microscopes C. electron microscopes D. electric microscopes	Normal light microscopes can magnify objects up to about 1,500 times. Electron microscopes can magnify objects up to 1,000,000 times. Why can electron microscopes magnify images so much? A microscope’s resolution depends on the wavelength of light used. The smaller the wavelength, the more a microscope can magnify. Lig...	C: electron microscopes.
What kind of energy does pyruvate have a lot of? Here are the choices: A. thermal B. nuclear C. chemical D. gravitational	Pyruvate still contains a great deal of chemical energy. In fact, two pyruvate molecules contain most of the chemical energy from the original glucose molecule. If oxygen is present, pyruvate enters the mitochondria for complete breakdown by the Krebs Cycle and electron transport chain. If oxygen is not present, cells ...	C: chemical.
What type of landscape has grasslands with scattered trees, are hot and have extensive dry seasons along with fire? Here are the choices: A. tundra B. savannas C. deserts D. arctic	Savannas Savannas are grasslands with scattered trees, and they are found in Africa, South America, and northern Australia (Figure 20.18). Savannas are hot, tropical areas with temperatures averaging from 24oC –29oC (75oF –84oF) and an annual rainfall of 51–127 cm (20–50 in). Savannas have an extensive dry season and c...	B: savannas.

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