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Which organ is the control center of the nervous system? Here are the choices: A. the spine B. the heart C. the brain D. the lungs	What weighs about three pounds and contains up to 100 billion cells? The answer is the human brain. The brain is the control center of the nervous system. It’s like the pilot of a plane. It tells other parts of the nervous system what to do.	C: the brain.
Continental climates are generally found in what areas of landmasses? Here are the choices: A. wetlands B. inland C. northerly D. buttes	Farther inland, the climate is influenced by cold or hot air from the land. This air may be dry, because it comes from over land. An inland climate is usually more extreme. Winters may be very cold, and summers may be very hot. Precipitation can be low. This is a continental climate .	B: inland.
What mainly gives the body energy? Here are the choices: A. fuel B. food C. water D. sunlight	Food gives the body energy. You need energy for everything you do. The energy in food is measured in a unit called the Calorie.	B: food.
A mineral can be made of an element or a? Here are the choices: A. component B. compound C. cell D. Sediment	A mineral is a solid material that forms by a natural process. A mineral can be made of an element or a compound. It has a specific chemical composition that is different from other minerals. One mineral's physical properties differ from others'. These properties include crystal structure, hardness, density and color. ...	B: compound.
Herbivores are heterotrophs that eat only or mainly what? Here are the choices: A. plants B. fish C. decayed matter D. animals	Many mammals are herbivores. Herbivores are heterotrophs that eat only or mainly plant foods (or algae). Depending on the species of mammals, they may eat leaves, shoots, stems, roots, seeds, nuts, fruits, flowers, and/or grasses. Some mammals even eat conifer needles or tree bark. Mammals that are herbivores include r...	A: plants.
The heart is an organ in which system? Here are the choices: A. respiratory system B. immune system C. nervous system D. circulatory system	Human organs are organized into organ systems. An organ system is a group of organs that work together to carry out a complex function. Each organ of the system does part of the overall job. For example, the heart is an organ in the circulatory system. The circulatory system also includes the blood vessels and blood. T...	D: circulatory system.
What are the subatomic particles of the nucleus called? Here are the choices: A. eukaryotes B. cores C. protons D. nucleons	Summary Subatomic particles of the nucleus (protons and neutrons) are called nucleons. Anuclide is an atom with a particular number of protons and neutrons. An unstable nucleus that decays spontaneously is radioactive, and its emissions are collectively called radioactivity. Isotopes that emit radiation are Saylor URL:...	D: nucleons.
Who wrote the book, on the origin of species? Here are the choices: A. darwin B. Sagan C. shaw D. Scopes	In his book On the Origin of Species , Darwin included a lot of evidence for evolution. Since then, much more evidence has accumulated. The evidence includes millions of fossils, like the one in Figure below . It also includes detailed knowledge of living organisms.	A: darwin.
Tar sands are rocky materials mixed with what? Here are the choices: A. coal B. very thick oil C. shale D. magma	Tar sands are rocky materials mixed with very thick oil. The tar is too thick to pump, and so tar sands are strip-mined. Hot water and caustic soda are used to separate the oil from the rock. This creates a slurry, which is shaken. The oil floats to the top and is skimmed off.	B: very thick oil.
A current in a circuit needs a complete what? Here are the choices: A. path B. stream C. speed D. cause	Electromagnetic waves generally propagate out from a source in all directions, sometimes forming a complex radiation pattern. A linear antenna like this one will not radiate parallel to its length, for example. The wave is shown in one direction from the antenna in Figure 24.7 to illustrate its basic characteristics. I...	A: path.
How do glucose, ions, and other larger molecules leave the blood? Here are the choices: A. through veinous fissures B. through cell membranes C. through capillary tips D. through intercellular clefts	20.3 \| Capillary Exchange By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Identify the primary mechanisms of capillary exchange • Distinguish between capillary hydrostatic pressure and blood colloid osmotic pressure, explaining the contribution of each to net filtration pressure • Compare filtration and reabsorption...	D: through intercellular clefts.
The basal forebrain contains what that are important in learning and memory? Here are the choices: A. nuclei B. ribosomes C. atoms D. oxygen	Many of the higher neurological functions, such as memory, emotion, and consciousness, are the result of cerebral function. The complexity of the cerebrum is different across vertebrate species. The cerebrum of the most primitive vertebrates is not much more than the connection for the sense of smell. In mammals, the c...	A: nuclei.
What thin layer of air acts as a barrier to prevent cool air from mixing with warm air in the stratosphere? Here are the choices: A. tropopause B. liposphere C. endosphere D. methosphere	At the top of the troposphere is a thin layer of air called the tropopause. You can see it in Figure above . This layer acts as a barrier. It prevents cool air in the troposphere from mixing with warm air in the stratosphere.	A: tropopause.
What is the name for the male gamete? Here are the choices: A. egg B. sperm C. ova D. chromatid		B: sperm.
The strength of acids is measured on what scale? Here are the choices: A. ph B. μg C. qcd D. Killalot	The strength of acids is measured on the pH scale. A pH value less than 7 indicates an acid, and the lower the number is, the stronger the acid.	A: ph.
What term is also known as the contact activation pathway? Here are the choices: A. identical pathway B. internal pathway C. intrinsic pathway D. central pathway	Intrinsic Pathway The intrinsic pathway (also known as the contact activation pathway) is longer and more complex. In this case, the factors involved are intrinsic to (present within) the bloodstream. The pathway can be prompted by damage to the tissues, resulting from internal factors such as arterial disease; however...	C: intrinsic pathway.
What comprises the contents of a cell between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope? Here are the choices: A. cerebellum B. protoplasm C. cytoskeleton D. cytoplasm	The Cytoplasm The cytoplasm comprises the contents of a cell between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope (a structure to be discussed shortly). It is made up of organelles suspended in the gel-like cytosol, the cytoskeleton, and various chemicals (Figure 3.7). Even though the cytoplasm consists of 70 to 80 per...	D: cytoplasm.
What is used to convert concentrations to collisions per second? Here are the choices: A. collision meter B. frequency factor C. speeds factor D. particles factor	The frequency factor is used to convert concentrations to collisions per second. Equation 14.39 is known as the Arrhenius equation and summarizes the collision model of chemical kinetics, where T is the absolute temperature (in K) and R is the ideal gas constant [8.314 J/(K·mol)]. Ea indicates the sensitivity of the re...	B: frequency factor.
The ovules, which are the female gametophytes, are held in what organ? Here are the choices: A. uterus B. testes C. abdomen D. ovary	The ovary holds the ovules , the female gametophytes. When the ovules are fertilized, the ovule becomes the seed and the ovary becomes the fruit.	D: ovary.
Snippet 2: one of the reasons the periodic table is so useful is because its structure allows us to qualitatively determine how some properties of the elements vary versus their position on the periodic table. the variation of properties versus position on the periodic table is called what? Here are the choices: A. gra...	One of the reasons the periodic table is so useful is because its structure allows us to qualitatively determine how some properties of the elements vary versus their position on the periodic table. The variation of properties versus position on the periodic table is called periodic trends. There is no other tool in sc...	C: periodic trends.
Equilibriums are affected by changes in concentration, total pressure or volume, and this? Here are the choices: A. temperature B. time C. rate D. oxygen	Equilibriums are affected by changes in concentration, total pressure or volume, and temperature.	A: temperature.
What type of seed-bearing structure of a flowering plant usually develop into? Here are the choices: A. Stem B. food C. Apple D. fruit	Development of Fruit and Fruit Types After fertilization, the ovary of the flower usually develops into the fruit. Fruits are usually associated with having a sweet taste; however, not all fruits are sweet. Botanically, the term “fruit” is used for a ripened ovary. In most cases, flowers in which fertilization has take...	D: fruit.
What are ionic substances completely held together by? Here are the choices: A. magnetic bonds B. ionic bonds C. thermal bonds D. localized bonds	Ionic substances are completely held together by ionic bonds. The full charges of the ions (for example, Na + and Cl - in sodium chloride) cause electrostatic interactions that result in a stable crystal lattice. We saw in the previous chapter that most ionic compounds have high melting points, are brittle, are often s...	B: ionic bonds.
What word do get from the arabic al-qili, meaning “ashes of the saltwort plant from salt marshes”? Here are the choices: A. metals B. water C. crystals D. alkali	The elements of group 1 are called the alkali metals. Alkali (from the Arabic al-qili, meaning “ashes of the saltwort plant from salt marshes”) was a general term for substances derived from wood ashes, all of which possessed a bitter taste and were able to neutralize acids. Although oxides of both group 1 and group 2 ...	D: alkali.
Metals are elements that can conduct what? Here are the choices: A. orchestras B. electricity C. cycle D. pollution	Metals are elements that can conduct electricity. Most elements are metals.	B: electricity.
The earth is like organisms in that it maintains a stable state, which is also known as what? Here are the choices: A. dormancy B. homeostasis C. hibernation D. ketosis	Most scientists agree that the Earth itself is not a living thing. However, the Earth does have some aspects of life. Some scientists argue that the Earth maintains homeostasis, a stable state, just like a living organisms.	B: homeostasis.
The purpose of any cooling system is to transfer what type of energy in order to keep things cool? Here are the choices: A. radiation B. thermal C. atmospheric D. physical	A refrigerator is an example of a cooling system. Another example is an air conditioner. The purpose of any cooling system is to transfer thermal energy in order to keep things cool. A refrigerator, for example, transfers thermal energy from the cool air inside the refrigerator to the warm air in the kitchen. If you’ve...	B: thermal.
What is the heart's main task? Here are the choices: A. clean blood B. split blood cells C. make blood D. pump blood	Tissues may be organized into organs. An organ is a structure composed of two or more types of tissue that work together to do a specific task. For example, the heart is an organ. It consists of muscle, nerve, and other types of tissues. Its task is to pump blood.	D: pump blood.
Which antibacterial protein is found in tears and saliva? Here are the choices: A. human lysozyme B. amino acid C. dopamine D. human growth hormone		A: human lysozyme.
What elements tend to conduct well? Here are the choices: A. organics B. gases C. metals D. oils	While many elements differ dramatically in their chemical and physical properties, some elements have similar properties. We can identify sets of elements that exhibit common behaviors. For example, many elements conduct heat and electricity well, whereas others are poor conductors. These properties can be used to sort...	C: metals.
What type of masses are structureless particles that cannot spin? Here are the choices: A. inertial mass B. turning masses C. weightless masses D. point masses	• Point masses are structureless particles that cannot spin.	D: point masses.
What do scientists use to search other planets suitable for living? Here are the choices: A. telescopes B. microscopes C. optics D. lasers	Scientists are using telescopes to search for other planets that may have conditions favorable for life. The places they can look are near our solar system in our galaxy.	A: telescopes.
All species of crocodilians have similar body structures, including an elongated snout, powerful jaws, muscular tail, large protective scales, streamlined body, and eyes and nostrils that are positioned on what? Here are the choices: A. below the neck B. top of head C. side of head D. back of head	The basic crocodilian body plan ( Figure below ) is a very successful one and has changed little over time. Modern species actually look very similar to their Cretaceous ancestors of 84 million years ago. All species of crocodilians have similar body structures, including an elongated snout, powerful jaws, muscular tai...	B: top of head.
During adulthood, what is needed for the production of sperm? Here are the choices: A. testosterone B. androgen C. estrogen D. steroids	During adulthood, testosterone is needed for the production of sperm.	A: testosterone.
What are solid lipids that animals use to store energy called? Here are the choices: A. fats B. steroids C. hydrocortisol D. cholesterol	Fats are solid lipids that animals use to store energy.	A: fats.
What in science are very important so that we can compare experimental data from one lab to another and make sure we all are talking about the same thing? Here are the choices: A. available measurements B. standard measurements C. Conventional measurements D. uses measurements	Standardized measurements make it possible for people everywhere to get the same amount of something. Note the red and white labels on the gas pump above. These labels certify that the gas pump has been checked and is pumping an accurate gallon of gas. Standard measurements in science are very important so that we can ...	B: standard measurements.
What substances in a car battery can be melted and recycled? Here are the choices: A. lead and steel B. steel and sodium C. lead and sodium D. lead and plastic	Lead is still widely used in car batteries. In recent years, battery recycling is becoming very common - about 98% of car batteries a recycled today. The used batteries go to a processing plant where they are crushed and placed in a tank. The lead sinks to the bottom and can be separated, melted and used again. Plastic...	D: lead and plastic.
Unlike a crystalline solid, an amorphous solid is a solid that lacks a what? Here are the choices: A. color B. atoms C. weight D. ordered internal structure	Unlike a crystalline solid, an amorphous solid is a solid that lacks an ordered internal structure. Some examples of amorphous solids include rubber, plastic, and gels. Glass is a very important amorphous solid that is made by cooling a mixture of materials in such a way that it does not crystallize. Glass is sometimes...	D: ordered internal structure.
Many carbohydrates can enter glycolysis, most often after conversion to what? Here are the choices: A. sucrose B. glucose C. insulin D. fructose		B: glucose.
If a quantity of a reactant remains unconsumed after complete reaction has occurred, it is? Here are the choices: A. static B. missing C. in excess D. reduced	The stoichiometry of a reaction describes the relative amounts of reactants and products in a balanced chemical equation. A stoichiometric quantity of a reactant is the amount necessary to react completely with the other reactant(s). If a quantity of a reactant remains unconsumed after complete reaction has occurred, i...	C: in excess.
Name the one metal that melts below room temperature? Here are the choices: A. bronze B. aluminum C. mercury D. gold	Metals have a wide range of melting points, but most are quite high. Only one metal (mercury) melts below room temperature. Others (such as gallium) are solid at room temperature but would melt at body temperature, so they can be melted simply by holding them in your hand. On the other end of the spectrum, tungsten has...	C: mercury.
The way a mineral cleaves or fractures depends on what part of the mineral? Here are the choices: A. the crystal structure B. the core C. the crust D. the fault structure	The way a mineral cleaves or fractures depends on the crystal structure of the mineral.	A: the crystal structure.
Ultimately, most life forms get their energy from this? Here are the choices: A. food B. heat C. sun D. earth	Figure 4.2 Ultimately, most life forms get their energy from the sun. Plants use photosynthesis to capture sunlight, and herbivores eat the plants to obtain energy. Carnivores eat the herbivores, and eventual decomposition of plant and animal material contributes to the nutrient pool.	C: sun.
What was diorite commonly used for in ancient civilizations? Here are the choices: A. currency B. medicine C. school D. art	An example of a physical model is a drawing of the layers of Earth ( Figure below ). A drawing helps us to understand the structure of the planet. Yet there are many differences between a drawing and the real thing. The size of a model is much smaller, for example. A drawing also doesn’t give good idea of how substance...	D: art.
Aquatic biomes in the ocean are called what? Here are the choices: A. arid biomes B. artificial biomes C. marine biomes D. jungle biomes	Aquatic biomes in the ocean are called marine biomes. Organisms that live in marine biomes must be adapted to the salt in the water. For example, many have organs for excreting excess salt. Marine biomes include the oceans, coral reefs, and estuaries ( Figure below ). The oceans are the largest of all the ecosystems. T...	C: marine biomes.
When an ionic compound dissociates in water, water molecules surround each ion and separate it from the rest of the what? Here are the choices: A. mixture B. gas C. electron shell D. solid	When an ionic compound dissociates in water, water molecules surround each ion and separate it from the rest of the solid. Each ion goes its own way in solution. Saylor URL: http://www. saylor. org/books.	D: solid.
What device is used to measure temperature? Here are the choices: A. compass B. thermometer C. barometer D. anemometer	A thermometer is a device used to measure temperature. It is placed in contact with an object and allowed to reach thermal equilibrium with the object (they will have the same temperature). The operation of a thermometer is based on some property, such as volume, that varies with temperature. The most common thermomete...	B: thermometer.
What has the smallest, lightest atoms of all the elements and is colorless, odorless, tasteless and nontoxic, but highly flammable in its pure state? Here are the choices: A. hydrogen B. magnesium C. barium D. helium	Hydrogen has the smallest, lightest atoms of all elements. Pure hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is nontoxic but highly flammable. Hydrogen gas exists mainly as diatomic (“two-atom”) molecules (H 2 ), as shown in the diagram on the right. Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe and th...	A: hydrogen.
If two populations do not mate and produce fertile offspring, what results? Here are the choices: A. same species B. small species C. separate species D. large species	How do you think scientists test whether two populations are separate species? They bring species from two populations back together again. If the two populations do not mate and produce fertile offspring, they are separate species.	C: separate species.
What system includes the brain and the spinal cord? Here are the choices: A. lymbic B. central nervous C. muscular D. digestive	31.2 Central nervous system Central nervous system includes the brain and the spinal cord. Brain There are four lobes of the brain. • • • •.	B: central nervous.
Light is produced when charged particles do what, frequently in the form of oscillating? Here are the choices: A. accelerate B. decelerate C. offset D. increase	Light is produced when charged particles accelerate . As a result changing electric and magnetic fields radiate outward. The traveling electric and magnetic fields of an accelerating (often oscillating) charged particle are known as electromagnetic radiation or light.	A: accelerate.
Respiration rate correlates with what? Here are the choices: A. pressure B. size C. energy use D. heat	There must be more to this story than just gas exchange with the environment. To begin to appreciate the role of oxygen inside your body, think about when your breathing rate increases: climbing a steep slope, running a race, or skating a shift in a hockey game. Respiration rate correlates with energy use, and that cor...	C: energy use.
What is the only commercial way of reproducing plants such as orchids? Here are the choices: A. cloning B. sexual reproduction C. cross-breeding D. grafting		A: cloning.
Birds adapted wings and weathers for flight during what process? Here are the choices: A. emergence B. migration C. variation D. evolution	Wings and feathers are two adaptations for flight that evolved in birds. Both are clearly displayed in the flying gull in Figure below . Wings evolved from the front limbs of a four-legged ancestor. The wings are controlled by large flight muscles in the chest. Feathers also help birds fly. They provide air resistance ...	D: evolution.
Which factor ruins renewable resources like soil and water? Here are the choices: A. resentful human action B. melancholic human action C. careless human action D. hateful human action	Theoretically, soil and water are renewable resources. However, they may be ruined by careless human actions.	C: careless human action.
How does the solubility of gases in liquids change with increasing temperature? Here are the choices: A. it stabilizes B. no change C. it increases D. it decreases	Effect of Temperature on the Solubility of Gases The solubility of gases in liquids decreases with increasing temperature, as shown inFigure 13.10 "Solubilities of Several Common Gases in Water as a Function of Temperature at Partial Pressure of 1 atm". Attractive intermolecular interactions in the gas phase are essent...	D: it decreases.
What are all living things made of? Here are the choices: A. proteins B. water C. cells D. muscles	Cells are the tiny building blocks of living things. They couldn’t be discovered until the microscope was invented. The discovery of cells led to the cell theory. This is one of the most important theories in life science.	C: cells.
Where does the nucleus store chromatin ? Here are the choices: A. ribosome B. chloroplasts C. nucleoplasm D. xerophyte	Figure 4.11 The nucleus stores chromatin (DNA plus proteins) in a gel-like substance called the nucleoplasm. The nucleolus is a condensed region of chromatin where ribosome synthesis occurs. The boundary of the nucleus is called the nuclear envelope. It consists of two phospholipid bilayers: an outer membrane and an in...	C: nucleoplasm.
What do the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas contribute that aid in digestion? Here are the choices: A. chemicals B. plasma C. crystals D. contaminants	The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas contribute chemicals that aid in digestion.	A: chemicals.
What are all tissues external to the vascular cambium called? Here are the choices: A. nucleus B. membranes C. larvae D. bark		D: bark.
Spirals, spheres, and rods are examples of what distinguishing property of bacteria? Here are the choices: A. function B. color C. shape D. organ	Bacteria come in many different shapes. Some of the most common shapes are bacilli (rods), cocci (spheres), and spirilli (spirals). Bacteria can be identified and classified by their shape.	C: shape.
The goal of homeostasis is the maintenance of what, around a point or value called a set point? Here are the choices: A. agitation B. imbalance C. steadiness D. equilibrium	Homeostatic Process The goal of homeostasis is the maintenance of equilibrium around a point or value called a set point. While there are normal fluctuations from the set point, the body’s systems will usually attempt to go back to this point. A change in the internal or external environment is called a stimulus and is...	D: equilibrium.
What type of energy of a system is the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of its atoms and molecules? Here are the choices: A. internal energy u B. primary energy u C. deep energy u D. external energy u	Internal Energy U We can think about the internal energy of a system in two different but consistent ways. The first is the atomic and molecular view, which examines the system on the atomic and molecular scale. The internal energy U of a system is the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of its atoms and molecule...	A: internal energy u.
Primary batteries are single-use batteries because they cannot be what? Here are the choices: A. plugged B. recharged C. refreshed D. UP ticked.	Primary Batteries Primary batteries are single-use batteries because they cannot be recharged. A common primary battery is the dry cell (Figure 17.10). The dry cell is a zinc-carbon battery. The zinc can serves as both a container and the negative electrode. The positive electrode is a rod made of carbon that is surrou...	B: recharged.
Layers of fat are formed by what type of tissue? Here are the choices: A. areolar tissue B. adipose tissue C. trypanosome tissue D. colchis tissue		B: adipose tissue.
Basidiomycetes do what to wood and other plant material? Here are the choices: A. revive B. decompose C. evolve D. evaporate		B: decompose.
Pathogens infect many animals and are agents of what? Here are the choices: A. disease B. drought C. mutation D. change		A: disease.
Sediments in oligotrophic lakes contain large amounts of what? Here are the choices: A. fertilizer B. algae C. igneous rocks D. decomposable organic matter		D: decomposable organic matter.
What tides occur during the new moon and full moon? Here are the choices: A. bottom B. spring C. autumn D. high	Spring tides occur during the new moon and full moon. The Sun and Moon are in a straight line either on the same side of Earth or on opposite sides. Their gravitational pull combines to cause very high and very low tides. Spring tides have the greatest tidal range.	B: spring.
In passive transport, small molecules or ions move across the cell membrane without requiring input of what? Here are the choices: A. heating B. energy C. water D. pressure	Passive transport is a way that small molecules or ions move across the cell membrane without input of energy by the cell. The three main kinds of passive transport are diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion.	B: energy.
Some bacteria also have tail-like structures called what? Here are the choices: A. sporangia B. nuclei C. plasmids D. flagella	Some bacteria also have tail-like structures called flagella ( Figure below ). Flagella help bacteria move. As the flagella rotate, they spin the bacteria and propel them forward. Though some eukaryotic cells do have a flagella, a flagella in eukaryotes is rare.	D: flagella.
People with which skin type run a greater risk of vitamin d deficiency? Here are the choices: A. weaker skin B. brighter skin C. darker skin D. lighter skin	The epidermis also contains melanocytes , which are cells that produce melanin. Melanin is the brownish pigment that gives skin much of its color. Everyone has about the same number of melanocytes, but the melanocytes of people with darker skin produce more melanin. The amount of melanin produced is determined by hered...	C: darker skin.
What happens to temperature in the troposphere as the altitude increases? Here are the choices: A. it increases B. it decreases C. it disappears D. it stays the same	In the troposphere, temperature decreases with altitude. The troposphere gets some of its heat directly from the Sun. Most, however, comes from Earth's surface. The surface is heated by the Sun. Some of that heat radiates back into the air. This makes the temperature higher near the surface than at higher altitudes.	B: it decreases.
The kidneys help control acid-base balance by excreting _____ and generating bicarbonate that helps maintain blood plasma ph within a normal range? Here are the choices: A. magnesium ions B. lithium ions C. hydrogen ions D. sodium ions	Buffer Systems in the Body The buffer systems in the human body are extremely efficient, and different systems work at different rates. It takes only seconds for the chemical buffers in the blood to make adjustments to pH. The respiratory tract can adjust the blood pH upward in minutes by exhaling CO2 from the body. Th...	C: hydrogen ions.
What does the geiger counter detect? Here are the choices: A. convection B. moisture C. vibration D. radiation	You generally can’t see, smell, taste, hear, or feel radiation. Fortunately, there are devices such as Geiger counters that can detect radiation. A Geiger counter, like the one pictured in the Figure below , contains atoms of a gas that is ionized if it encounters radiation. When this happens, the gas atoms change to i...	D: radiation.
Mollusks such as squid and octopi, which must hunt to survive, possess what complex organs containing millions of neurons? Here are the choices: A. brains B. gills C. tentacles D. hearts	Figure 35.2 Nervous systems vary in structure and complexity. In (a) cnidarians, nerve cells form a decentralized nerve net. In (b) echinoderms, nerve cells are bundled into fibers called nerves. In animals exhibiting bilateral symmetry such as (c) planarians, neurons cluster into an anterior brain that processes infor...	A: brains.
Which direction from the source do pollutants in an aquifer spread? Here are the choices: A. forward B. southward C. outward D. inward	Pollutants that enter an aquifer spread outward from the source. They spread in the direction the water is moving.	C: outward.
What type of activity in the brain causes epilepsy? Here are the choices: A. hormone imbalance B. bleeding C. abnormal electrical activity D. toxic overload	Epilepsy is a disease that causes seizures. A seizure is a period of lost consciousness that may include violent muscle contractions. It is caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. The cause of epilepsy may be an infection, a brain injury, or a tumor. The seizures of epilepsy can often be controlled with me...	C: abnormal electrical activity.
What does a healthy immune system fight off? Here are the choices: A. respiratory and other dieases B. microorganisms and other dieases C. infections and other dieases D. bacteria and viruses	Eat well, get enough sleep, and be active every day. These healthy lifestyle choices will help keep your immune system healthy so it can fight off respiratory infections and other diseases.	C: infections and other dieases.
Groundwater dissolves minerals and rocks into what? Here are the choices: A. sand B. ions C. grit D. gravel	Groundwater dissolves minerals and rocks into ions. Groundwater deposits those ions into different types of structures. Limestone caves are the best place to see these structures. Water erodes the cave and it has deposits structures like stalactites and stalagmites. The cave pictured here is Carlsbad Caverns in New Mex...	B: ions.
What is the term for a certain form of matter that has the same physical properties throughout? Here are the choices: A. phase B. balance C. wave D. structure	8.5 End-of-Chapter Material Chapter Summary To ensure that you understand the material in this chapter, you should review the meanings of the following bold terms in the following summary and ask yourself how they relate to the topics in the chapter. A phase is a certain form of matter that has the same physical proper...	A: phase.
Bacteria are responsible for many types of what in humans? Here are the choices: A. diseases B. food C. colors D. smells	Bacteria are responsible for many types of diseases in humans.	A: diseases.
Humans and other animals can suffer from diets lacking in what essential "ingredients"? Here are the choices: A. fiber B. liquids C. nutrients D. steroids		C: nutrients.
The size and symmetry of a beetle’s or an elk’s antlers or a grasshopper’s song communicate rather clearly their state of what? Here are the choices: A. society B. problem C. need D. health	transient males. Since these loyal males already bond and cooperate with females, it may well be a simple matter for them to bond and cooperate with each other. In a semi-counter intuitive manner, the ability to bond with males could be selected for based on its effect on reproductive success with females. On the other...	D: health.
How is blood supplied from the mother to the fetus? Here are the choices: A. brain stem B. vagina C. spinal cord D. umbilical cord	Hemoglobin of the Fetus The fetus has its own circulation with its own erythrocytes; however, it is dependent on the mother for oxygen. Blood is supplied to the fetus by way of the umbilical cord, which is connected to the placenta and separated from maternal blood by the chorion. The mechanism of gas exchange at the c...	D: umbilical cord.
How long does membrane depoloriazation typically last for? Here are the choices: A. 1 hour B. 3 seconds C. 5 minutes D. one minute		D: one minute.
What are the three types of mixtures? Here are the choices: A. solutions, suspensions, colloids B. Powders, Gels, Smooth C. absorbing , suspensions , colloids D. cosmic , suspensions , colloids	Mixtures have different properties depending on the size of their particles. Three types of mixtures based on particle size are solutions, suspensions, and colloids, all of which are described in Table below . You can watch videos about the three types of mixtures at these URLs:.	A: solutions, suspensions, colloids.
Double strands of what wrap around histone proteins to form nucleosomes, which are coiled into a chromatin fiber? Here are the choices: A. dna B. ribosomes C. chromatids D. bacteria	Figure 10.4 Double-stranded DNA wraps around histone proteins to form nucleosomes that have the appearance of “beads on a string. ” The nucleosomes are coiled into a 30-nm chromatin fiber. When a cell undergoes mitosis, the chromosomes condense even further.	A: dna.
What is the process when animals maintain an internal temperature? Here are the choices: A. osmoregulation B. thermoregulation C. bioaccumulation D. homeostasis		B: thermoregulation.
Both androgen secretion and spermatogenesis occur continuously starting with what? Here are the choices: A. walking B. puberty C. birth D. mutation		B: puberty.
Where does the process of digestion start? Here are the choices: A. esophagus B. stomach C. mouth D. small intestine	Digestion starts in the mouth. When food is swallowed, it travels through the esophagus to the stomach. In the stomach, digestion continues and a small amount of absorption of nutrients takes place.	C: mouth.
As distance from the source increases, the area covered by the sound waves increases, lessening what? Here are the choices: A. duration B. intensity C. velocity D. density	The energy of sound waves spreads out over a greater area as the waves travel farther from the sound source. This diagram represents just a small section of the total area of sound waves spreading out from the source. Sound waves actually travel away from the source in all directions. As distance from the source increa...	B: intensity.
Mountain ranges, plateaus, and plains are features of what large landforms? Here are the choices: A. Countries B. planets C. continents D. States	Features of continents include mountain ranges, plateaus, and plains.	C: continents.
How many pathogens can each droplet contain? Here are the choices: A. thousands B. tens C. hundreds D. billions	Many pathogens that cause respiratory diseases spread by droplets in the air. Droplets are released when a person sneezes or coughs. Thousands of tiny droplets are released when a person sneezes ( Figure below ). Each droplet can contain thousands of pathogens. Viruses that cause colds and the flu can spread in this wa...	A: thousands.
The ability to change color, separately mobile and stereoscopic eyes, and rapidly extrudable tongues are distinguishing features of what lizards? Here are the choices: A. crocodiles B. snakes C. geckos D. chameleons	Chameleons are a distinctive and highly specialized type of lizard. They are distinguished partly by their parrot-like feet, their separately mobile and stereoscopic eyes, their very long, highly modified, and rapidly extrudable tongues, crests or horns on their distinctively shaped heads, and the ability of some to ch...	D: chameleons.
What is the other name of newton’s first law? Here are the choices: A. law of matter B. law of momentum C. law of inertia D. mass and matter	Mass The property of a body to remain at rest or to remain in motion with constant velocity is called inertia. Newton’s first law is often called the law of inertia. As we know from experience, some objects have more inertia than others. It is obviously more difficult to change the motion of a large boulder than that o...	C: law of inertia.
The velocity at the beginning of the time interval is called what? Here are the choices: A. previous velocity B. initial velocity C. growing velocity D. internal velocity	Acceleration that does not change in time is called uniform or constant acceleration. The velocity at the beginning of the time interval is called initial velocity, , and the velocity at the end of the time interval is called final velocity, . In a velocity versus time graph for uniform acceleration, the slope of the l...	B: initial velocity.
In which sphere of the atmosphere do the northern and southern lights occur? Here are the choices: A. stratosphere B. thermosphere C. ionosphere D. lithosphere	The thermosphere is the layer above the mesosphere. Temperature increases with altitude in this layer. The northern and southern lights occur here.	B: thermosphere.
What carbohydrate from fruit juices is a gel-forming substance important in jelly making? Here are the choices: A. pectin B. potassium C. gelatin D. cellulose	Pectin, a carbohydrate from fruit juices, is a gel-forming substance important in jelly making. Silica gel, a colloidal dispersion of hydrated silicon dioxide, is formed when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a dilute solution of sodium silicate. Canned Heat is a gel made by mixing alcohol and a saturated aqueous so...	A: pectin.
Warm water from the equator mixes with cold water from where? Here are the choices: A. the poles B. the continents C. the oceans D. the tropics	Water flows through all the world’s oceans. Warm water from the equator mixes with cold water from the poles. The mixing of warm and cold water makes the water temperature moderate.	A: the poles.

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