questions stringlengths 37 1.22k | reasoning stringlengths 0 3.56k ⌀ | answers stringlengths 4 138 |
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How many valence electrons does helium have?
Here are the choices:
A. two
B. six
C. Five
D. three | Helium may seem to be an exception, since it has only two valence electrons. This has to do with the fact that the n = 1 energy level has one s orbital and no p orbitals. As a result, the first energy level can be completely filled by just two electrons. It is the presence of a filled valence shell that gives noble gas... | A: two. |
What is continuously changing within a circuit in an analog signal?
Here are the choices:
A. voltage
B. frequency
C. energy
D. amplitude | An analog signal consists of continuously changing voltage in a circuit. For example, microphones encode sounds as analog signals. | A: voltage. |
What is made and stored primarily in the cells of the liver and muscles?
Here are the choices:
A. oxygen
B. glycogen
C. carbon dioxide
D. glucose | Glycogen is an even more highly branched polysaccharide of glucose monomers that serves a function of energy storage in animals. Glycogen is made and stored primarily in the cells of the liver and muscles. | B: glycogen. |
Electromagnetic waves vary in wavelength and in what property, which is lower in waves of longer wavelengths?
Here are the choices:
A. frequency
B. resonance
C. size
D. density | Electromagnetic waves vary in wavelength and frequency. Longer wavelength electromagnetic waves have lower frequencies, and shorter wavelength waves have higher frequencies. Higher frequency waves have more energy. | A: frequency. |
In the case of transverse waves, the movement of the medium is perpendicular to the direction of the what?
Here are the choices:
A. energy movement
B. friction movement
C. pressure movement
D. fuel movement | In all types of mechanical waves, energy moves from one place to another while the media carrying the wave only vibrates back and forth in position. One type of mechanical wave is the transverse wave . In the case of transverse waves, the movement of the medium is perpendicular to the direction of the energy movement. | A: energy movement. |
Inserting an extra plane of atoms into a crystal lattice produces what?
Here are the choices:
A. spot location
B. spot dislocation
C. edge location
D. edge dislocation | Dislocations, Deformations, and Work Hardening Inserting an extra plane of atoms into a crystal lattice produces an edge dislocation. A familiar example of an edge dislocation occurs when an ear of corn contains an extra row of kernels between the other rows (). An edge dislocation in a crystal causes the planes of ato... | D: edge dislocation. |
The core of a nuclear reactor generates a large amount of what type of energy from the decay of fission products, even when the power-producing fission chain reaction is turned off?
Here are the choices:
A. thermal
B. erosion
C. elastic
D. evaporation | Explain why the fission of heavy nuclei releases energy. Similarly, why is it that energy input is required to fission light nuclei? 19. Explain, in terms of conservation of momentum and energy, why collisions of neutrons with protons will thermalize neutrons better than collisions with oxygen. The ruins of the Chernob... | A: thermal. |
Electric current is measured in coulombs per second, also called what?
Here are the choices:
A. joules
B. amperes
C. voltages
D. watts | Electric current is measured in coulombs per second, or amperes. | B: amperes. |
What is the name of the "point" that refers to the temperature at which water vapor condenses?
Here are the choices:
A. water point
B. melting point
C. dew point
D. brine point | You’ve probably noticed dew on the grass on a summer morning. Why does dew form? Remember that the land heats up and cools down fairly readily. So when night comes, the land cools. Air that was warm and humid in the daytime also cools over night. As the air cools, it can hold less water vapor. Some of the water vapor c... | C: dew point. |
Body plans do provide a succinct way to compare and contrast what?
Here are the choices:
A. missing animal features
B. key animal features
C. distinctive animal features
D. degenerative animal features | B: key animal features. | |
Once classified as plants, fungi have chitin rather than cellulose in what cell structures?
Here are the choices:
A. platelets
B. cell walls
C. mitochondria
D. cell ridges | Fungi used to be classified as plants. Now, they are known to have unique traits that set them apart from plants. For example, their cell walls contain chitin, not cellulose, and fungi absorb food rather than make their own. Below the level of the kingdom, fungi classification is controversial. | B: cell walls. |
What type of oceans are hostile to algae and cytoplankton?
Here are the choices:
A. warmer
B. shallower
C. colder
D. deeper | Warmer oceans are hostile to algae and cytoplankton , which are the most important absorbers of carbon dioxide. The loss of these two photosynthesizers would remove the most important natural sink. | A: warmer. |
Organelles whose membranes are specialized for aerobic respiration are called what?
Here are the choices:
A. chloroplasts
B. mitosis
C. vacuoles
D. mitochondria | Mitochondria are organelles whose membranes are specialized for aerobic respiration. | D: mitochondria. |
The regions of a material where the north and south poles of atoms are aligned are called what?
Here are the choices:
A. magnetic rays
B. cores
C. observed domains
D. magnetic domains | In other materials, there are regions where the north and south poles of atoms are all lined up in the same direction. These regions are called magnetic domains . Generally, the magnetic domains point in different directions, so the material is still not magnetic. However, the material can be magnetized (made into a ma... | D: magnetic domains. |
What is another term for body chromosomes?
Here are the choices:
A. quasars
B. subsets
C. Chromosomes
D. autosomes | In a given species, chromosomes can be identified by their number, size, centromere position, and banding pattern. In a human karyotype, autosomes or “body chromosomes” (all of the non–sex chromosomes) are generally organized in approximate order of size from largest (chromosome 1) to smallest (chromosome 22). The X an... | D: autosomes. |
Unlike amphibians, reptiles do not have what stage?
Here are the choices:
A. larval
B. reproductive
C. adult
D. egg | Unlike amphibians, reptiles do not have a larval stage. Instead, newly hatched reptiles look like smaller versions of the adults. They are able to move about on their own, but they are vulnerable to predators. Even so, most reptile parents provide no care to their hatchlings. In fact, most reptiles don’t even take care... | A: larval. |
What basic plant structure can add support and anchorage?
Here are the choices:
A. stems
B. roots
C. lower leaves
D. soils | B: roots. | |
Locus refers to the position of what on a chromosome, which controls the characteristics of an organism?
Here are the choices:
A. genome
B. gamete
C. rna
D. gene | Today, we known that characteristics of organisms are controlled by genes on chromosomes (see Figure below ). The position of a gene on a chromosome is called its locus . In sexually reproducing organisms, each individual has two copies of the same gene, as there are two versions of the same chromosome ( homologous chr... | D: gene. |
Fish hatch into larvae that are different from the adult form of?
Here are the choices:
A. color
B. parasites
C. sex
D. species | Fish hatch into larvae that are different from the adult form of the species. | D: species. |
What kind of islands provide natural protection to shorelines?
Here are the choices:
A. patch islands
B. locational islands
C. edge islands
D. barrier islands | Barrier islands provide natural protection to shorelines. Storm waves strike the barrier island before they reach the shore. People also build artificial barriers, called breakwaters . Breakwaters also protect the shoreline from incoming waves. You can see an example of a breakwater in Figure below . It runs parallel t... | D: barrier islands. |
Fruit-eating bats receive food from plants and, in return, help these plants by doing what?
Here are the choices:
A. protecting them
B. pollinating seeds
C. fertilizing them
D. spreading seeds | Fruit-eating bats ( Figure below ) also receive food from plants. In return, they help these plants spread their seeds. When bats consume fruit, they also consume the seeds within the fruit. Then they carry the seeds in their guts to far-away locations. | D: spreading seeds. |
What is determined by the amount of energy in molecules?
Here are the choices:
A. momentum
B. state of matter
C. radioactivity
D. kingdom | The amount of energy in molecules of matter determines the state of matter . Matter can exist in one of several different states, including a gas, liquid, or solid state. These different states of matter have different properties, which are illustrated in Figure below . Gasses have the most energy, and solids have the ... | B: state of matter. |
Biomass is the mass of biological what?
Here are the choices:
A. lipids
B. proteins
C. organisms
D. tissues | Biomass is the mass of biological organisms. It is usually used to describe the amount of organic matter in a trophic level of an ecosystem. Biomass production involves using organic matter ("biomass") from plants to create electricity. Using corn to make ethanol fuel is an example of biomass generated energy. Biomass ... | C: organisms. |
The primary nitrogenous waste material secreted by ureotelic animals is what substance?
Here are the choices:
A. urea
B. nitrate
C. carbon
D. ammonia | invertebrates produce uric acid. Animals that secrete urea as the primary nitrogenous waste material are called ureotelic animals. | A: urea. |
What system makes sure leaked blood returns back to the bloodstream?
Here are the choices:
A. somatic
B. cerebral
C. symptomatic
D. lymphatic | You may think that your blood vessels have thick walls without any leaks, but that's not true. Blood vessels can leak just like any other pipe. The lymphatic system makes sure leaked blood returns back to the bloodstream. | D: lymphatic. |
Enthalpy changes are measured by using what?
Here are the choices:
A. fluorescence
B. calorimetry
C. inversion
D. infraction | Enthalpy changes are measured by using calorimetry. | B: calorimetry. |
The cell walls of fungi are made of what?
Here are the choices:
A. cartilage
B. chitin
C. mucous
D. lectin | Today, fungi are no longer classified as plants. We now know that they have unique physical, chemical, and genetic traits that set them apart from plants (and other eukaryotes). For example, the cell walls of fungi are made of chitin, not cellulose. Also, fungi absorb nutrients from other organisms, whereas plants make... | B: chitin. |
When blood engorged capillaries leak fluid into neighboring tissues, what occurs?
Here are the choices:
A. infection
B. swelling
C. bleeding
D. seeping | B: swelling. | |
Will contour lines ever cross?
Here are the choices:
A. yes
B. in rare cases
C. no
D. always | In some soils, the organic portion is entirely missing. This is true of desert sand. At the other extreme, a soil may be completely organic. Peat, found in a bog or swamp, is totally organic soil. Organic materials are necessary for a soil to be fertile. The organic portion provides the nutrients needed for strong plan... | C: no. |
Species of organisms that have permanently died out can also be called what?
Here are the choices:
A. inherited
B. occuring
C. succinct
D. extinct | Most of the organisms that once lived on Earth are now extinct. Earth’s environment has changed many times. Many organisms could not adapt to the changes. They died out. The organisms that did survive passed traits on to their offspring. The changes added up, eventually producing the species we see today. | D: extinct. |
Are the majority of archaea chemotrophs or photosynthetic?
Here are the choices:
A. neither
B. chemotrophs
C. photosynthetics
D. autotrophs | Most archaea are chemotrophs and derive their energy and nutrients from breaking down molecules in their environment. A few species of archaea are photosynthetic and capture the energy of sunlight. Unlike bacteria, which can be parasites and are known to cause a variety of diseases, there are no known archaea that act ... | B: chemotrophs. |
Oxygen is essentially just a waste product of the light reactions of what?
Here are the choices:
A. photosynthesis
B. Fibrinolysis
C. electrolysis
D. glycolysis | You could argue that oxygen is one of the most important, if not THE most important molecule necessary for life. However, oxygen is essentially just a waste product of the light reactions of photosynthesis. It is a "leftover" from a necessary part of the process. All the oxygen that is necessary to maintain most forms ... | A: photosynthesis. |
What is the process by which almost all plants make food?
Here are the choices:
A. reactions
B. melting
C. photosynthesis
D. digestion | Almost all plants make food by photosynthesis. Only about 1 percent of the estimated 300,000 species of plants have lost the ability to photosynthesize. These other species are consumers, many of them predators. How do plants prey on other organisms? The Venus fly trap in Figure below shows one way this occurs. | C: photosynthesis. |
Some enzymes require the presence of a non-protein molecule to function properly. what is that molecule called?
Here are the choices:
A. cofactor
B. coenzymes
C. substrate
D. prothetic | Some enzymes require the presence of a non-protein molecule called a cofactor in order to function properly. Cofactors can be inorganic metal ions or small organic molecules. Many vitamins, such as B vitamins, act as cofactors. Some metal ions which function as cofactors for various enzymes include zinc, magnesium, pot... | A: cofactor. |
What stimulates the changes of pubery?
Here are the choices:
A. sex hormones
B. sex education
C. parenting
D. mutation | The gonads are glands that secrete sex hormones. Male gonads are called testes. They secrete the male sex hormone testosterone. The female gonads are called ovaries. They secrete the female sex hormone estrogen. Sex hormones stimulate the changes of puberty. They also control the production of sperm or eggs by the gona... | A: sex hormones. |
What are the male reproductive cells called?
Here are the choices:
A. sperm
B. ova
C. mucus
D. plasma | Sperm ( Figure below ), the male reproductive cells, are tiny. In fact, they are the smallest cells in the human body. What do you think a sperm cell looks like? Some people think that it looks like a tadpole. Do you agree?. | A: sperm. |
What is one function of the nervous system in humans?
Here are the choices:
A. controlling muscles
B. producing hormones
C. controlling emotion
D. controlling thought | Controlling muscles and maintaining balance are just two of the functions of the human nervous system. What else does the nervous system do?. | A: controlling muscles. |
What is the diversity of living things called?
Here are the choices:
A. degradation
B. ecosystem
C. life cycle
D. biodiversity | Life on Earth is very diverse. The diversity of living things is called biodiversity . A measure of Earth’s biodiversity is the number of different species of organisms that live on Earth. At least 10 million different species live on Earth today. They are commonly grouped into six different kingdoms. Examples of organ... | D: biodiversity. |
What kind of mammalian reproduction is risky for the offspring but not the mother?
Here are the choices:
A. monotreme
B. cactaceae
C. sexual
D. asexual | Monotreme reproduction is the least risky for the mother. However, eggs are harder to protect than is an embryo or a fetus in a pouch or uterus. Therefore, monotreme offspring may have a lower chance of surviving than the offspring of therian mammals. | A: monotreme. |
What do we call the force of attraction or repulsion between electrically charged particles?
Here are the choices:
A. chemical force
B. mechanical force
C. gravitational pull
D. electromagnetic force | Electromagnetic force is a force of attraction or repulsion between all electrically charged particles. This force is transferred between charged particles of matter by fundamental force-carrying particles called photons. Because of electromagnetic force, particles with opposite charges attract each other and particles... | D: electromagnetic force. |
Mendeleev organized what basic units into rows and columns?
Here are the choices:
A. animals
B. elements
C. compounds
D. solutions | You can see how Mendeleev organized the elements in the Figure below . From left to right across each row, elements are arranged by increasing atomic mass. Mendeleev discovered that if he placed eight elements in each row and then continued on to the next row, the columns of the table would contain elements with simila... | B: elements. |
What do you call compounds that have covalent bonds?
Here are the choices:
A. valence compound
B. covalent compounds
C. ions
D. reflectivity compounds | Covalent bonds are bonds in which atoms share rather than transfer electrons. Compounds with covalent bonds are called covalent compounds. | B: covalent compounds. |
What is the term for magma that erupts onto earth's surface?
Here are the choices:
A. obsidian
B. steam
C. debris
D. lava | Some places inside Earth are so hot that rock melts. Melted rock inside the Earth is called magma. Magma can be hotter than 1,000 o C. When magma erupts onto Earth’s surface, it is known as lava ( Figure below ). Minerals form when magma and lava cool. Some minerals crystallize at hotter temperatures. These minerals fo... | D: lava. |
What changes nitrogen gas from the atmosphere to nitrogen compounds that plants can absorb?
Here are the choices:
A. pathogens
B. viruses
C. bacteria
D. tumors | Bacteria change nitrogen gas from the atmosphere to nitrogen compounds that plants can absorb. | C: bacteria. |
In vertebrates, ovipary, ovovivipary, and vivipary are different strategies for what vital process?
Here are the choices:
A. circulation
B. respiration
C. absorption
D. reproduction | Vertebrates have one of three reproductive strategies, known as ovipary, ovovivipary, or vivipary. | D: reproduction. |
What waves do radio and television use?
Here are the choices:
A. light waves
B. radio waves
C. gamma waves
D. sound waves | Radio waves are electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelengths, lowest frequencies, and least amount of energy. They are used for radio and television broadcasts and many other purposes. | B: radio waves. |
Which factor causes a cannon ball to move horizontally and then fall on the ground?
Here are the choices:
A. downward motion
B. fluid motion
C. cone motion
D. projectile motion | Earth’s gravity also affects the acceleration of objects that start out moving horizontally, or parallel to the ground. Look at Figure below . A cannon shoots a cannon ball straight ahead, giving the ball horizontal motion. At the same time, gravity pulls the ball down toward the ground. Both forces acting together cau... | D: projectile motion. |
What do electrons lose during their transfer from organic compounds to oxygen?
Here are the choices:
A. mechanical energy
B. actual energy
C. thermal energy
D. potential energy | D: potential energy. | |
What are plastids that contain other pigments?
Here are the choices:
A. chromoplasts
B. cytoplasm
C. chloroplasts
D. lucoplasts | Chromoplasts are plastids that contain other pigments. These other pigments give flowers and fruits their colors. | A: chromoplasts. |
Each species of legume is associated with a strain of __________
Here are the choices:
A. rhizobium
B. fungi
C. heliotropium
D. agrobacterium | A: rhizobium. | |
Algae convert energy from the sun into food by means of what process?
Here are the choices:
A. luminosynthesis
B. compression
C. glycolysis
D. photosynthesis | Algae is sometimes mocked as a source of fuel. But algae are a potentially wonderful source of power. They convert energy from the Sun into food by photosynthesis. Algae can be grown in desert areas where other crops cannot grow. Nutrients for algae may be wastes from other processes. Algae can be processed to be made ... | D: photosynthesis. |
Which process helps provide cleaner water for agriculture?
Here are the choices:
A. sterilization
B. osmosis
C. process of desalinization
D. purification | Fresh water is essential for good crops. In some areas of the world, there is enough rain to accomplish this task. In other locales, water must be provided so the crops will grow. Worldwide, irrigation covers about 18% of farm land and produces some 40% of crops. A major source of cleaner water in many parts of the wor... | C: process of desalinization. |
What element is an essential part of many molecules needed by living organisms?
Here are the choices:
A. helium
B. nitrogen
C. silicon
D. hydrogen | Nitrogen is an essential part of many molecules needed by living organisms. | B: nitrogen. |
An atom is the smallest unit of what that maintains the identity of the latter?
Here are the choices:
A. element
B. cell
C. organism
D. mixture | The smallest piece of an element that maintains the identity of that element is called an atom. Individual atoms are extremely small. It would take about fifty million atoms in a row to make a line that is 1 cm long. The period at the end of a printed sentence has several million atoms in it. Atoms are so small that it... | A: element. |
When a solution freezes, only what particles come together to form a solid phase, while the presence of solute particles interferes with that process?
Here are the choices:
A. diluent
B. hydrogen
C. pigment
D. solvent | The presence of solute particles has the opposite effect on the freezing point of a solution. When a solution freezes, only the solvent particles come together to form a solid phase, and the presence of solute particles interferes with that process. Therefore, for the liquid solvent to freeze, more energy must be remov... | D: solvent. |
Liquefaction ccurs when the molecules of a gas are cooled to the point where they no longer possess sufficient kinetic energy to overcome what?
Here are the choices:
A. bonding attractive forces
B. gravitational attractive forces
C. intermolecular attractive forces
D. intermolecular gravitational forces | Liquefaction of Gases Liquefaction of gases is the condensation of gases into a liquid form, which is neither anticipated nor explained by the kinetic molecular theory of gases. Both the theory and the ideal gas law predict that gases compressed to very high pressures and cooled to very low temperatures should still be... | C: intermolecular attractive forces. |
What is the term for the series of life stages and events that a sexually reproducing organism goes through?
Here are the choices:
A. existence
B. age
C. society cycle
D. life cycle | Sexual reproduction occurs in a cycle. Diploid parents produce haploid gametes that unite and develop into diploid adults, which repeat the cycle. This series of life stages and events that a sexually reproducing organism goes through is called its life cycle . Sexually reproducing organisms can have different types of... | D: life cycle. |
What is absorbed from food waste in the large intestine before it passes out of the body as feces?
Here are the choices:
A. inactive water
B. distilled water
C. dependent water
D. excess water | Excess water is absorbed from food waste in the large intestine before it passes out of the body through the anus as feces. Trillions of helpful bacteria also live in the large intestine. They carry out important roles, such as making vitamins. | D: excess water. |
What do hydrocarbons consist of?
Here are the choices:
A. carbon and oxygen
B. carbon and helium
C. carbon and water
D. carbon and hydrogen | D: carbon and hydrogen. | |
A major diversification of what animal group occurred about 50 million years ago, possibly spurred by worldwide climate change?
Here are the choices:
A. mammals
B. reptiles
C. amphibians
D. insects | The supertree also shows that another major diversification of mammals occurred about 50 million years ago. Again, worldwide climate change may have been one reason. This time Earth’s temperature rose. The warmer temperature led to a greater diversity of plants. This would have meant more food for mammals or their prey... | A: mammals. |
Like a house, your body has what kind of mechanism that responds to changes in temperature?
Here are the choices:
A. internal thermostat
B. mechanical thermostat
C. external thermostat
D. sensitive thermostat | For example, your body has an internal thermostat. During a winter day, in your house a thermostat senses the temperature in a room and responds by turning on or off the heater. Your body acts in much the same way. When body temperature rises, receptors in the skin and the brain sense the temperature change. The temper... | A: internal thermostat. |
An isometric type of what occurs as the muscle produces tension without changing the angle of a skeletal joint?
Here are the choices:
A. compression
B. acceleration
C. contraction
D. extension | 10.4 | Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Explain concentric, isotonic, and eccentric contractions • Describe the length-tension relationship • Describe the three phases of a muscle twitch • Define wave summation, tetanus, and treppe To move an object, referred t... | C: contraction. |
What are important coenzymes or precursors of coenzymes, and are required for enzymes to function properly?
Here are the choices:
A. Drugs
B. carbohydrates
C. vitamins
D. supplements | Figure 6.20 Vitamins are important coenzymes or precursors of coenzymes, and are required for enzymes to function properly. Multivitamin capsules usually contain mixtures of all the vitamins at different percentages. | C: vitamins. |
What have cell-surface antigen receptors for foreign molecules?
Here are the choices:
A. dendrites
B. lymphocytes
C. capillaries
D. erythrocytes | B: lymphocytes. | |
In birds, modified front legs are actually what?
Here are the choices:
A. wings
B. tails
C. arms
D. claws | Wings are an obvious adaptation for flight. They are actually modified front legs. Birds move their wings using muscles in the chest. These muscles are quite large, making up as much as 35 percent of a bird’s body weight. | A: wings. |
The number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time is called what?
Here are the choices:
A. frequency of a wave
B. spread of a wave
C. wavelength of a wave
D. spectroscopy of a wave | A photon isn’t a fixed amount of energy. Instead, the amount of energy in a photon depends on the frequency of the electromagnetic wave. The frequency of a wave is the number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time, such as the number of waves per second. In waves with higher frequencies, photons hav... | A: frequency of a wave. |
How does litmus paper indicate the ph value of a solution?
Here are the choices:
A. by texture
B. by shape
C. by color
D. by smell | There are two common ways to measure pH. When only an approximate pH value is needed, an inexpensive test involves the use of acid-base indicators , which change color based on the relative acidity of the solution. One type of common indicator is litmus paper. For example, if a piece of litmus paper is dipped into an a... | C: by color. |
What is another term for movable joints?
Here are the choices:
A. synovial
B. sesamoidal
C. fibrous
D. interstitial | Movable joints are also known as synovial joints . This is because the space between the bones is filled with a thick fluid, called synovial fluid , that cushions the joint (see Figure below ). | A: synovial. |
What device is a magnetic disc that provides long-term storage for programs and data?
Here are the choices:
A. software
B. hard drive
C. cassette
D. floppy drive | The hard drive is a magnetic disc that provides long-term storage for programs and data. | B: hard drive. |
Debroglie proposed in 1924 that any object exhibits a wavelength that is inversely proportional to its?
Here are the choices:
A. inertia
B. momentum
C. frequency
D. velocity | DeBroglie proposed in 1924 that any object exhibits a wavelength that is inversely proportional to its momentum. Because of this relationship, only very tiny particles will exhibit measurable wavelengths. | B: momentum. |
What travels at the interface between the sea surface and the atmosphere?
Here are the choices:
A. ocean tides
B. ocean breeze
C. ocean waves
D. ocean currents | Yes, in some ways. Ocean waves travel at the interface between the sea surface and the atmosphere. They have all the features that all waves have. Some seismic waves also travel at an interface. Which ones?. | C: ocean waves. |
What is the only light that humans can see?
Here are the choices:
A. bright light
B. dark light
C. visible light
D. distinct light | Visible light is the only light that humans can see. Different wavelengths of visible light appear as different colors. Radio waves have the longest wavelengths. They also have the least amount of energy. Infrared light has wavelengths too long for humans to see, but we can feel them as heat. The atmosphere absorbs the... | C: visible light. |
What directs the amino acids to be introduced into the growing protein chain in the proper sequence?
Here are the choices:
A. gene template
B. organism template
C. organelle template
D. rna template | The process of protein synthesis is summarized in the Figure below . DNA produces an RNA template that directs the amino acids to be introduced into the growing protein chain in the proper sequence. A specific transfer RNA attaches to each amino acid and brings it to the RNA for incorporation. | D: rna template. |
Cellular respiration in humans involves the combustion of what simple sugar?
Here are the choices:
A. glutamate
B. insulin
C. glucose
D. starch | Your own body cells burn fuel in combustion reactions. The fuel is glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ), a simple sugar. The process in which combustion of glucose occurs in body cells is called cellular respiration. This combustion reaction provides energy for life processes. Cellular respiration can be summed up by the equation:. | C: glucose. |
What still causes fatal lung disease in nonsmokers?
Here are the choices:
A. tobacco smoke
B. nicotine
C. chewing tobacco
D. alcohol | tobacco smoke causes fatal lung disease in nonsmokers. | A: tobacco smoke. |
Like ants and termites, they grow fungi inside the bark of trees and use it to help do what?
Here are the choices:
A. weaken enemies
B. clean the nest
C. kill prey
D. digest food | Ambrosia beetles live in the bark of trees. Like ants and termites, they grow fungi inside the bark of trees and use it to help digest their food. | D: digest food. |
For fertilization to occur in angiosperms, pollen has to be transferred to the stigma of what?
Here are the choices:
A. root
B. stem
C. flower
D. leaf | 32.2 Pollination and Fertilization For fertilization to occur in angiosperms, pollen has to be transferred to the stigma of a flower: a process known as pollination. Gymnosperm pollination involves the transfer of pollen from a male cone to a female cone. When the pollen of the flower is transferred to the stigma of th... | C: flower. |
Exothermic reactions in organisms are called what?
Here are the choices:
A. biogenic reactions
B. catabolic reactions
C. nebular reactions
D. nuclear reactions | Exothermic reactions in organisms are called catabolic reactions . These reactions break down molecules into smaller units and release energy. An example of a catabolic reaction is the breakdown of glucose, which releases energy that cells need to carry out life processes. Endothermic reactions in organisms are called ... | B: catabolic reactions. |
Prior to birth, the lungs are filled with amniotic fluid, mucus, and what else?
Here are the choices:
A. surfactant
B. air
C. plasma
D. blood | Birth Prior to birth, the lungs are filled with amniotic fluid, mucus, and surfactant. As the fetus is squeezed through the birth canal, the fetal thoracic cavity is compressed, expelling much of this fluid. Some fluid remains, however, but is rapidly absorbed by the body shortly after birth. The first inhalation occur... | A: surfactant. |
At what point during a chemical reaction is there no net change?
Here are the choices:
A. ionization
B. equilibrium
C. bonding
D. formation | Most chemical reactions reach equilibrium at which point there is no net change. | B: equilibrium. |
The solution with the higher solute concentration is called what?
Here are the choices:
A. hypotonic
B. hypertonic
C. unsaturated
D. acetic | In comparing two solutions of unequal solute concentration, the solution with the higher solute concentration is hypertonic, and the solution with the lower concentration is hypotonic. Solutions of equal solute concentration are isotonic. | B: hypertonic. |
The three stages of transcription are initiation, elongation, and what?
Here are the choices:
A. prolongation
B. degradation
C. separation
D. termination | D: termination. | |
A rounded hollow carved in the side of a mountain by a glacier is known as?
Here are the choices:
A. a cavern
B. a crater
C. a crest
D. a cirque | A cirque is a rounded hollow carved in the side of a mountain by a glacier. The highest cliff of a cirque is called the headwall. | D: a cirque. |
Where do most cnidarians live?
Here are the choices:
A. grass
B. rocks
C. ocean
D. hills | Cnidarians are invertebrates such as jellyfish and corals. They belong to the phylum Cnidaria. All cnidarians are aquatic. Most of them live in the ocean. Cnidarians are a little more complex than sponges. They have radial symmetry and tissues. There are more than 10,000 cnidarian species. They are very diverse, as sho... | C: ocean. |
What do a group of cells that work together form?
Here are the choices:
A. tissue
B. organ
C. organelle
D. molecule | Cells are grouped together to carry out specific functions. A group of cells that work together form a tissue . Your body has four main types of tissues, as do the bodies of other animals. These tissues make up all structures and contents of your body. An example of each tissue type is pictured in the Figure below . | A: tissue. |
Plants alternate between haploid and what?
Here are the choices:
A. diploid
B. monoplooid
C. monoxoid
D. triploid | Plants alternate between haploid and diploid generations. Haploid cells have one of each pair of chromosomes. Diploid cells have two of each pair. | A: diploid. |
Temperature is a measure of the motion (kinetic energy) of what?
Here are the choices:
A. molecules
B. particles
C. electrons
D. nucleus | Water Stabilizes Temperature The hydrogen bonds in water allow it to absorb and release heat energy more slowly than many other substances. Temperature is a measure of the motion (kinetic energy) of molecules. As the motion increases, energy is higher and thus temperature is higher. Water absorbs a great deal of energy... | A: molecules. |
What method do scientists use to answer questions?
Here are the choices:
A. scientific method
B. regulatory method
C. solutive method
D. inquisitive method | Scientists use the scientific method to answer questions. The scientific method is a series of steps. These steps help scientists (or even just people!) investigate a question. | A: scientific method. |
What is the natural selection that favors altruistic behavior by enhancing reproductive success of relatives known as?
Here are the choices:
A. directional selection
B. stabilizing selection
C. diversifying selection
D. kin selection | D: kin selection. | |
When a male directly deposits sperm in a female during mating, this is considered what type of fertilization?
Here are the choices:
A. internal
B. mechanical
C. external
D. dual | Internal Fertilization Internal fertilization occurs most often in terrestrial animals, although some aquatic animals also use this method. Internal fertilization may occur by the male directly depositing sperm in the female during mating. It may also occur by the male depositing sperm in the environment, usually in a ... | A: internal. |
What part of the body does the mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium usually attack?
Here are the choices:
A. muscles
B. lungs
C. heart
D. Pancreas | This bacterium, called Mycobacterium tuberculosis , causes the disease Tuberculosis (TB). These bacteria usually attack the lungs. If left untreated, the infection can be fatal. Many other illnesses, mild and severe, are also caused by certain types of bacteria. | B: lungs. |
Conversely, very large forces are created by liquids and solids when they try to expand but are constrained from doing so—which is equivalent to compressing them to less than their normal volume. this often occurs when a contained material warms up, since most materials expand when they do this?
Here are the choices:
A... | Conversely, very large forces are created by liquids and solids when they try to expand but are constrained from doing so—which is equivalent to compressing them to less than their normal volume. This often occurs when a contained material warms up, since most materials expand when their temperature increases. If the m... | A: increase temperature. |
What helps regulate the production of urine?
Here are the choices:
A. the pituitary gland
B. the discrete gland
C. the temporal gland
D. the fetal gland | Patrick J. Lynch, modified by CK-12 Foundation. The pituitary gland helps regulate the production of urine . CC BY 2.0. | A: the pituitary gland. |
In celsius, what is the temperature at which water freezes?
Here are the choices:
A. 100 degrees
B. absolute zero
C. zero degrees
D. 32 degrees | A: If calcium chloride dissolves in water, it breaks down into its ions (Ca 2+ and Cl - ). When water has ions dissolved in it, it has a lower freezing point. Pure water freezes at 0°C. With calcium and chloride ions dissolved in it, it won’t freeze unless the temperature reaches -29°C or lower. | C: zero degrees. |
Which theory explains how materials can collide and become new materials?
Here are the choices:
A. collision theory
B. pileup theory
C. rupture theory
D. disturbance theory | Collision theory explains how materials can collide and become new materials. | A: collision theory. |
What 3 types of friction occur between solid surfaces?
Here are the choices:
A. static, sliding, rolling
B. static,desending,sliding
C. static , ascending , rolling
D. static , arching , rolling | Friction is the force that opposes motion between any surfaces that are in contact. There are four types of friction: static, sliding, rolling, and fluid friction. Static, sliding, and rolling friction occur between solid surfaces. Fluid friction occurs in liquids and gases. All four types of friction are described bel... | A: static, sliding, rolling. |
Name the 3 ocean zones.
Here are the choices:
A. intertidal, pelagic, benthic
B. amphidromic, cotidal, benthic
C. coral, intertidal, apogean
D. cotidal, intertidal, exotidal | Zones in the oceans include the intertidal, pelagic, and benthic zones. The types of organisms found in these ocean zones are also determined by such factors as depth of water and distance from shore, among other factors. | A: intertidal, pelagic, benthic. |
Secondary consumers are usually carnivores that eat what?
Here are the choices:
A. dead material
B. primary consumers
C. soil
D. plants | Food Chains and Food Webs The term “food chain” is sometimes used metaphorically to describe human social situations. In this sense, food chains are thought of as a competition for survival, such as “who eats whom?” Someone eats and someone is eaten. Therefore, it is not surprising that in our competitive “dog-eat-dog”... | B: primary consumers. |
What is the term for a period when temperatures are cooler than normal causing glaciers to spread to lower latitudes?
Here are the choices:
A. cooling era
B. ice age
C. cold age
D. freezing point | But ice ages also occurred many times in the past. An ice age is a period when temperatures are cooler than normal. This causes glaciers to spread to lower latitudes. Scientists think that ice ages occurred at least six times over the last billion years alone. How do scientists learn about Earth’s past climates?. | B: ice age. |
Cody's velocity is zero so therefore he doesn't have what?
Here are the choices:
A. momentum
B. weight
C. mass
D. temperature | A : Cody has no momentum as he stands there because he isn’t moving. In other words, his velocity is zero. However, Cody will gain momentum as he starts moving down the ramp and picks up speed. | A: momentum. |
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