questions stringlengths 37 1.22k | reasoning stringlengths 0 3.56k ⌀ | answers stringlengths 4 138 |
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Meiosis and what process are both preceded by one round of dna replication; however, they differ in producing haploid or diploid daughter cells?
Here are the choices:
A. mitosis
B. photosynthesis
C. cloning
D. fertilization | Figure 7.6 Meiosis and mitosis are both preceded by one round of DNA replication; however, meiosis includes two nuclear divisions. The four daughter cells resulting from meiosis are haploid and genetically distinct. The daughter cells resulting from mitosis are diploid and identical to the parent cell. | A: mitosis. |
In their pure form, all elements have an oxidation number of what?
Here are the choices:
A. zero
B. 7
C. 3
D. 2 | All elements have an oxidation number of zero in their pure form. | A: zero. |
What is a close relationship between two species in which at least one species benefits called?
Here are the choices:
A. parasitic
B. competition
C. symbiosis
D. morphogenesis | Symbiosis is a close relationship between two species in which at least one species benefits. For the other species, the relationship may be positive, negative, or neutral. There are three basic types of symbiosis: mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism. | C: symbiosis. |
Multiple sclerosis, huntington’s disease, parkinson’s disease, and alzheimer’s disease are example of diseases of which body system?
Here are the choices:
A. lymphatic system
B. muscular system
C. circulatory system
D. nervous system | There are many other nervous system diseases. They include multiple sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. However, these diseases rarely, if ever, occur in young people. Their causes and symptoms are listed below ( Table below ). The diseases have no known cure, but medicines ma... | D: nervous system. |
What includes the living organisms in an area and the non-living aspects of the environment?
Here are the choices:
A. habitat
B. outpost
C. degradation
D. ecosystem | An ecosystem includes the living organisms (all the populations) in an area and the non-living aspects of the environment ( Figure below ). An ecosystem is made of the biotic and abiotic factors in an area. | D: ecosystem. |
Bacteria may become untreatable if they develop what in response to multiple antibiotics?
Here are the choices:
A. acceptance
B. weakness
C. resistance
D. affinity | Evasion of the Immune System by Pathogens It is important to keep in mind that although the immune system has evolved to be able to control many pathogens, pathogens themselves have evolved ways to evade the immune response. An example already mentioned is in Mycobactrium tuberculosis, which has evolved a complex cell ... | C: resistance. |
What grows through blue cheese that gives it the distinctive appearance and flavor?
Here are the choices:
A. Viruses
B. Roots
C. fungus
D. Bacteria | Humans have collected and grown mushrooms for food for thousands of years. Figure below shows some of the many types of mushrooms that people eat. Yeasts are used in bread baking and brewing alcoholic beverages. Other fungi are used in fermenting a wide variety of foods, including soy sauce, tempeh, and cheeses. Blue c... | C: fungus. |
The two main types of phagocytic cells in the mammalian body are neutrophils and what other?
Here are the choices:
A. macrophages
B. leukocytes
C. histones
D. eukaryotes | A: macrophages. | |
What is aggravated by practices such as logging, mining, construction, and paving surfaces?
Here are the choices:
A. soil erosion
B. global warming
C. seismic activity
D. water pollution | Logging, mining, construction, and paving surfaces are some of the ways that soil erosion increases. | A: soil erosion. |
What type of hydrocarbon is coal?
Here are the choices:
A. mineral
B. liqued
C. gas
D. solid | Coal is a solid hydrocarbon. Coal is useful as a fuel, especially for generating electricity. Coal is relatively inexpensive and abundant. Developing nations, like China, rely heavily on coal. Around the world, coal is the largest source of energy for electricity. | D: solid. |
What chemicals in the liver support glucose homeostasis?
Here are the choices:
A. cytosol and insulin
B. Force and insulin
C. lactobacilli and insulin
D. glucagon and insulin | D: glucagon and insulin. | |
When resources become limiting, populations follow a logistic growth curve in which the size will level off at a point called what?
Here are the choices:
A. carrying capacity
B. full capacity
C. containing capacity
D. believed capacity | 19.2 Population Growth and Regulation Populations with unlimited resources grow exponentially—with an accelerating growth rate. When resources become limiting, populations follow a logistic growth curve in which population size will level off at the carrying capacity. Populations are regulated by a variety of density-d... | A: carrying capacity. |
Along with climate, this also influences the type of vegetation that can grow in the region?
Here are the choices:
A. fertilizer use
B. soil type
C. population density
D. gravity | Soil type also influences the type of vegetation that can grow in the region. We can identify climate types by the types of plants that grow there. | B: soil type. |
What is defined as anything that takes up space and has mass?
Here are the choices:
A. electrons
B. elements
C. matter
D. atoms | C: matter. | |
What is the name of the simplest carbon molecule?
Here are the choices:
A. graphite
B. Buckminsterfullerine
C. methane
D. butane | Figure 2.13 Carbon can form four covalent bonds to create an organic molecule. The simplest carbon molecule is methane (CH4), depicted here. | C: methane. |
Hyperparathyroidism results from an overproduction of what?
Here are the choices:
A. inhibited hormone
B. tharayroid hormone
C. elevated hormone
D. parathyroid hormone | Hyperparathyroidism results from an overproduction of parathyroid hormone. This results in excessive calcium being removed from bones and introduced into blood circulation, producing structural weakness of the bones, which can lead to deformation and fractures, plus nervous system impairment due to high blood calcium l... | D: parathyroid hormone. |
What is formed when different gases are confined to the same container?
Here are the choices:
A. particulate mixture
B. linear mixture
C. homogeneous mixture
D. compact mixture | Gases mix homogeneously when confined to same container. When several gases are added to a container, the individual gas particles mix freely, forming a homogeneous mixture in which each type of gas is randomly distributed throughout all the available volume. | C: homogeneous mixture. |
What property of fluids causes something to stay on or near the surface of water?
Here are the choices:
A. weight
B. strength
C. density
D. buoyancy | The fishing float in Figure below bobs on the surface of the water. The fish in the figure is suspended in the water near the surface. Why do the float and fish stay on or near the surface? Why don’t they sink? The answer is buoyancy, another property of fluids. | D: buoyancy. |
What are the tiny sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place?
Here are the choices:
A. ganglion
B. alveoli
C. chambers
D. vacuoles | Pneumonia is an illness that occurs when the alveoli, the tiny sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place, become inflamed and filled with fluid. When a person has pneumonia, gas exchange cannot occur properly across the alveoli. Pneumonia can be caused by many things. Infection by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or pa... | B: alveoli. |
What is the stage between a zygote and polyp?
Here are the choices:
A. egg
B. worm
C. larva
D. pupa | Cnidarians in the polyp form usually reproduce asexually. One type of asexual reproduction in polyps leads to the formation of new medusae. Medusae usually reproduce sexually with sperm and eggs. Fertilization forms a zygote. The zygote develops into a larva, and the larva develops into a polyp. There are many variatio... | C: larva. |
What is the term for a particle outside the nucleus of an atom that has a negative electric charge?
Here are the choices:
A. neutron
B. ion
C. electron
D. proton | An electron is a particle outside the nucleus of an atom that has a negative electric charge. The charge of an electron is opposite but equal to the charge of a proton. Atoms have the same number of electrons as protons. As a result, the negative and positive charges "cancel out. " This makes atoms electrically neutral... | C: electron. |
Scientists goal is develop nuclear fusion power plants, where the energy from fusion of hydrogen nuclei can be converted to what?
Here are the choices:
A. wind
B. electricity
C. oil
D. gasoline | Scientists are searching for ways to create controlled nuclear fusion reactions on Earth. Their goal is develop nuclear fusion power plants, where the energy from fusion of hydrogen nuclei can be converted to electricity. How this might work is shown in Figure below . | B: electricity. |
In which state of matter are particles completely separate from one another?
Here are the choices:
A. solid state
B. liquid state
C. phosphorus state
D. gaseous state | Most substances may exist in any of the three common states of matter. In the gaseous state, the molecular motion has completely overcome any attraction between the particles and the particles are totally separate from each other. There are large spaces between the particles and they move large distances between collis... | D: gaseous state. |
Van der waals forces are weak interactions between molecules that involve what?
Here are the choices:
A. photons
B. atoms
C. dipoles
D. particles | Van der Waals forces are weak interactions between molecules that involve dipoles. | C: dipoles. |
What part of the body does emphysema affect?
Here are the choices:
A. heart
B. brain
C. bones
D. lungs | Emphysema is a lung disease in which walls of the alveoli break down so less gas can be exchanged in the lungs (see Figure below ). This causes shortness of breath. The damage to the alveoli is usually caused by smoking and is irreversible. | D: lungs. |
What number is the sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom?
Here are the choices:
A. nuclear number
B. mass total
C. mass number
D. combined number | As you learned in Chapter 1 "Introduction to Chemistry", the mass number is the sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom. The mass number is an integer that is approximately equal to the numerical value of the atomic mass. Although the mass number is unitless, it is assigned units ca... | C: mass number. |
What kind of tool, often based on mathematical equations or computer simulations, helps us understand complex systems?
Here are the choices:
A. planes
B. panels
C. models
D. levels | Food Chains. These two food chains represent complex systems in nature. They make the systems easier to understand. These are simple conceptual models. Models of very complex systems are often based on mathematical equations or computer simulations. | C: models. |
An ecosystem consists of all the living things and what?
Here are the choices:
A. living environment
B. nonliving environment
C. phosphorescent environment
D. local environment | An ecosystem consists of all the living things ( biotic factors ) in a given area, together with the nonliving environment ( abiotic factors ). The nonliving environment includes water, sunlight, soil, and other physical factors. | B: nonliving environment. |
Mesophyll consists mainly of parenchyma cells specialized for what?
Here are the choices:
A. digestion
B. circulation
C. photosynthesis
D. respiration | C: photosynthesis. | |
Antibiotic drugs are usually effective in treating what kind of infections?
Here are the choices:
A. lethal
B. biological
C. bacterial
D. viral | Bacterial infections of urinary organs, especially the urinary bladder, are common. They are called urinary tract infections. Generally, they can be cured with antibiotic drugs. However, if they aren’t treated, they can lead to more serious infections and damage to the kidneys. | C: bacterial. |
What is earth’s geographic north pole also called?
Here are the choices:
A. true north
B. right north
C. vertical north
D. mere north | A compass needle lines up with Earth’s magnetic north pole. This is different from Earth’s geographic north pole, also called true north. The geographic north pole is the top of an imaginary line. This line is the axis around which Earth rotates. The geographic north pole is much like the spindle of a spinning top. The... | A: true north. |
What are the nonliving aspects of the environment called?
Here are the choices:
A. abiotic factors
B. nucleic factors
C. antibiotic factors
D. metastatic factors | Abiotic factors are the nonliving aspects of the environment. They include factors such as sunlight, soil, temperature, and water. | A: abiotic factors. |
Chemical reactions follow the laws of what?
Here are the choices:
A. photosynthesis
B. quantum physics
C. Newton
D. thermodynamics | Chemical reactions follow the laws of thermodynamics. | D: thermodynamics. |
What do you call a mixture of two or more substances in which dissolved particles are distributed evenly throughout?
Here are the choices:
A. liquid
B. water
C. concentrate
D. solution | A solution is a mixture of two or more substances in which dissolved particles are distributed evenly throughout the solution. The substance that dissolves in a solution is called the solute, and the substance that does the dissolving is called the solvent. The concentration of a solution is the amount of solute in a g... | D: solution. |
What is the water that falls from the sky called?
Here are the choices:
A. condensation
B. precipitation
C. moisture
D. evaporation | Clouds are needed for precipitation. Precipitation is water that falls from the sky. This may fall as liquid water, mostly as rain . It may fall also as frozen water, such as snow. | B: precipitation. |
What returns blood from capillaries to an atrium?
Here are the choices:
A. the lymph system
B. the liver
C. arteries
D. veins | D: veins. | |
Hemolymph bathes organs directly in arthropods and most molluscs, due to an open type of what system?
Here are the choices:
A. reproductive
B. circulatory
C. nervous
D. pulmonary | B: circulatory. | |
According to the table, aluminum has an atomic number of 13. therefore, every aluminum atom has 13 protons in its what?
Here are the choices:
A. components
B. membrane
C. nucleus
D. processes | According to the table, aluminum has an atomic number of 13. Therefore, every aluminum atom has 13 protons in its nucleus. Iron has an atomic number of 26. Therefore, every iron atom has 26 protons in its nucleus. Carbon has an atomic number of 6. Therefore, every carbon atom has 6 protons in its nucleus. Saylor URL: h... | C: nucleus. |
Anemia, leukemia, hemophilia, and sickle-cell disease are examples of conditions that primarily affect what?
Here are the choices:
A. brain
B. heart
C. Lungs
D. blood | Some diseases affect mainly the blood or its components. They include anemia, leukemia, hemophilia, and sickle-cell disease. | D: blood. |
What kind of variation does a rate measure?
Here are the choices:
A. property to time
B. construction to time
C. value to time
D. environment to time | A rate is a measure of how some property varies with time. Speed is a familiar rate that expresses the distance traveled by an object in a given amount of time. Wage is a rate that represents the amount of money earned by a person working for a given amount of time. Likewise, the rate of a chemical reaction is a measur... | A: property to time. |
What is the name of the process that changes some chemical substances into others?
Here are the choices:
A. chemical reaction
B. acid reaction
C. hypodermic reaction
D. mixture | A chemical reaction is a process that changes some chemical substances into others. It involves breaking and forming chemical bonds. Types of chemical reactions include synthesis reactions and decomposition reactions. | A: chemical reaction. |
What is the term for the gases that surround a planet?
Here are the choices:
A. the atmosphere
B. galaxy
C. hemisphere
D. biosphere | An atmosphere is the gases that surround a planet. The early Earth had no atmosphere. Conditions were so hot that gases were not stable. | A: the atmosphere. |
Pressure and vibration are examples of what type of stimuli?
Here are the choices:
A. chemical
B. atmospheric
C. thermal
D. physical | Functional Receptor Types A third classification of receptors is by how the receptor transduces stimuli into membrane potential changes. Stimuli are of three general types. Some stimuli are ions and macromolecules that affect transmembrane receptor proteins when these chemicals diffuse across the cell membrane. Some st... | D: physical. |
In the chest, what divides as it enters the lungs to form the right and left bronchi?
Here are the choices:
A. trachea
B. thyroid
C. nerves
D. Aorta | In the chest, the trachea divides as it enters the lungs to form the right and left bronchi (bronchus, singular). These passages are covered with mucus and tiny hairs called cilia. The mucus traps any remaining particles in the air. The cilia move and sweep the particles and mucus toward the throat so they can be expel... | A: trachea. |
When does an oocyte complete meiosis?
Here are the choices:
A. after sperm penetration
B. prophase
C. metaphase
D. anaphase | A: after sperm penetration. | |
The electroplating process transfers metal from the anode to which part of the cell?
Here are the choices:
A. cathode
B. electrode
C. plasma
D. atom tube | The concentration of copper ions in the solution is effectively constant. This is because the electroplating process transfers metal from the anode to the cathode of the cell. Other metals commonly plated onto objects include chromium, gold, silver, and platinum. | A: cathode. |
Compression, tension and shear refer to what type of force that can cause rock to change?
Here are the choices:
A. gravity
B. stress
C. process
D. seismic force | Stress is the force applied to a rock, which can cause the rock to change. The three main types of stress go along with the three types of plate boundaries. Compression is common at convergent boundaries, tension at divergent boundaries, and shear at transform boundaries. | B: stress. |
Unlike the biological species concept, the ecological species concept can accommodate asexual as well as ________ species.
Here are the choices:
A. homologous
B. homosexual
C. artificial
D. sexual | D: sexual. | |
A basic function of cells includes obtaining what from glucose?
Here are the choices:
A. food
B. acids
C. proteins
D. energy | Obtaining energy from glucose is one of the basic functions of cells. Another basic function of living cells is dividing. | D: energy. |
What is the term for a test to see if a scientific explanation is right or wrong?
Here are the choices:
A. generation
B. invention
C. experiment
D. hypothesis | Scientists find answers using tests : When scientists want to answer a question, they search for evidence using experiments. An experiment is a test to see if their explanation is right or wrong. Evidence is made up of the observations a scientist makes during an experiment. To study the cause of death in the chimpanze... | C: experiment. |
When a solvent with a gas dissolved in it is heated, the kinetic energy of both the solvent and solute _________?
Here are the choices:
A. decreases
B. increases
C. generates
D. evaporates | Several substances – HCl, NH 3 , and SO 2 – have solubility that decreases as temperature increases. They are all gases at standard pressure. When a solvent with a gas dissolved in it is heated, the kinetic energy of both the solvent and solute increases. As the kinetic energy of the gaseous solute increases, its molec... | B: increases. |
How does the bacteria look when seen with the naked eye?
Here are the choices:
A. dry smear
B. slimy smear
C. oily smear
D. slippery smear | With the naked eye, bacteria just look like a slimy smear on a petri dish. How can we study them in more detail? The invention of the microscope has allowed us to see bacteria, cells, and other things too small to be seen with the naked eye. | B: slimy smear. |
What is a device used to measure temperature changes during chemical processes called?
Here are the choices:
A. thermometer
B. calorimeter
C. alethiometer
D. altimeter | The subfield of thermochemistry studies the energy changes that occur over the course of various chemical reactions. We will first look at how these changes are measured and then go into quantitative descriptions of heat transfer. Calorimetry is a term used to describe the measurement of heat transfers, usually by moni... | B: calorimeter. |
Ebola is an example of a disease spread by what kind of infectious agent?
Here are the choices:
A. flus
B. virus
C. bacteria
D. colds | Ebola is a rare and deadly disease caused by infection with a strain of Ebola virus. The 2014 Ebola epidemic is the largest in history, affecting multiple countries in West Africa, including Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia. Ebola is spread through direct contact with blood and body fluids of a person infected by and a... | B: virus. |
The tiny hair present on mucus membranes is known as?
Here are the choices:
A. collagen
B. tissue
C. dendrites
D. cilia | Mucous membranes provide a mechanical barrier at body openings. They also line the respiratory, GI, urinary, and reproductive tracts. Mucous membranes secrete mucus , a slimy substance that traps pathogens. The membranes also have hair-like cilia. The cilia sweep mucus and pathogens toward body openings where they can ... | D: cilia. |
What elements do lipids primarily consist of?
Here are the choices:
A. helium, hydrogen , and oxygen
B. carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
C. iron, hydrogen , and oxygen
D. silicon, hydrogen , and oxygen | Lipids are organic compounds that contain mainly carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They include substances such as fats and oils, as well as waxes, sterols, some vitamins (A, D, E and K) and phospholipids. Lipid molecules consist of fatty acids, with or without additional molecules. Fatty acids are organic compounds that h... | B: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. |
Polychaetes make up a large and diverse group. which category do the majority of these worms fall into?
Here are the choices:
A. terrestrial
B. marine
C. amphibian
D. carnivorous | B: marine. | |
What is the main makeup of the cell membrane?
Here are the choices:
A. filaments
B. phospholipids
C. antibodies
D. glucose | You can see a model of the cell membrane in Figure below . The molecules that make up the cell membrane are mainly phospholipids. There are two layers of phospholipids. They are arranged so the lipid tails are on the inside of the membrane. They make the interior of the membrane hydrophobic, or "water fearing". The lip... | B: phospholipids. |
When a host attacks a parasitic bacteria, the bacteria release what to surround the cell wall?
Here are the choices:
A. layer of slime
B. protoplasma
C. bacteriophages
D. pathogens | Some bacteria depend on a host organism for energy and nutrients. These bacteria are known as parasites . If the host starts attacking the parasitic bacteria, the bacteria release a layer of slime that surrounds the cell wall. This slime offers an extra layer of protection. | A: layer of slime. |
Solutions can also become supersaturated , where the amount of solute dissolved exceeds what?
Here are the choices:
A. part solubility
B. its solubility
C. its concentration
D. its dissolution | Solutions can also become supersaturated , where the amount of solute dissolved exceeds its solubility. Supersaturation most commonly occurs when a saturated solution is slowly cooled. They occur frequently in geological and meteorological processes. Supersaturated systems are unstable, and eventually, the solute will ... | B: its solubility. |
What is the biggest risk associated with using nuclear energy?
Here are the choices:
A. explosion
B. mutation
C. radiation
D. fire | The main concern over the use of nuclear energy is the risk of radiation. Accidents at nuclear power plants can release harmful radiation that endangers people and other living things. Even without accidents, the used fuel that is left after nuclear fission reactions is still radioactive and very dangerous. It takes th... | C: radiation. |
What property is the result of the force of gravity being opposed by the normal force?
Here are the choices:
A. weight
B. sound
C. light
D. density | For a full description of weight, look at Forces: Mass versus Weight. In sum, weight is the result of the force of gravity being opposed by the normal force. As we just learned, objects in orbit are in freefall; they have nothing exerting a normal force against them and thus no weight. | A: weight. |
What are the cliffs called which are created when waves erode a rocky shoreline, leaving a vertical wall of exposed rock layers?
Here are the choices:
A. wave-cut
B. widow-makers
C. wave - theory
D. shear face | Wave-cut cliffs form when waves erode a rocky shoreline. They create a vertical wall of exposed rock layers. | A: wave-cut. |
When boron10 absorbs a neutron, what does it emit?
Here are the choices:
A. light
B. particle
C. proteins
D. calcium | Boron neutron capture therapy is a potential treatment for many diseases. As the name implies, when boron10, one of the naturally occurring isotopes of boron, is bombarded with neutrons, it absorbs a neutron and emits an α particle. Write a balanced nuclear reaction for this reaction. One advantage of this process is t... | B: particle. |
What is the most common life form in the ocean?
Here are the choices:
A. algae
B. plankton
C. kelp
D. coral | When you think of life in the ocean, do you think of fish? Actually, fish are not the most common life forms in the ocean. Plankton are the most common. Plankton make up one of three major groups of marine life. The other two groups are nekton and benthos. Figure below shows the three groups. | B: plankton. |
What circulates with the blood or hemolymph and are often contained within specialized cells
Here are the choices:
A. respiratory pigments
B. muscular pigments
C. fat pigments
D. structural pigments | A: respiratory pigments. | |
What are the two possible reduction products for brf3?
Here are the choices:
A. brf and br2
B. brf and brf4
C. brg and brf
D. brf2 and brf4 | redox reaction will occur. The only question is whether lead will be oxidized to Pb(II) or Pb(IV). Because BrF3 is a powerful oxidant and fluorine is able to stabilize high oxidation states of other elements, it is likely that PbF4 will be the product. The two possible reduction products for BrF3 are BrF and Br2. The a... | A: brf and br2. |
Normal blood is comprised of nearly half erythrocytes, which is another word for what cells?
Here are the choices:
A. white blood cells
B. plateletes
C. red blood cells
D. monocytes | Composition of Blood You have probably had blood drawn from a superficial vein in your arm, which was then sent to a lab for analysis. Some of the most common blood tests—for instance, those measuring lipid or glucose levels in plasma—determine which substances are present within blood and in what quantities. Other blo... | C: red blood cells. |
What type of intense storm is a system of winds that rotate around a low pressure center, resulting in swirling air that rises and cools to create clouds and precipitation?
Here are the choices:
A. monsoon
B. drought
C. cyclone
D. hurricane | Cyclones can be the most intense storms on Earth. A cyclone is a system of winds that rotate around a low pressure center. The swirling air rises and cools. This creates clouds and precipitation. | C: cyclone. |
Blood flows into the kidney through which artery?
Here are the choices:
A. renal artery
B. main artery
C. pulminary artery
D. blood artery | Blood flows into the kidney through the renal artery. The renal artery connects to capillaries inside the kidney. Capillaries and nephrons lie very close to each other in the kidney. | A: renal artery. |
Growth and development in humans is most rapid during what two stages?
Here are the choices:
A. flutter and adolescence
B. bounce and adolescence
C. teen and adults
D. infancy and adolescence | Growth and development are most rapid during infancy and slower throughout the rest of childhood until adolescence. | D: infancy and adolescence. |
What are used to write nuclear equations for radioactive decay?
Here are the choices:
A. special symbols
B. chemical symbols
C. energy symbols
D. nuclear symbols | Nuclear symbols are used to write nuclear equations for radioactive decay. Let’s consider an example. Uranium-238 undergoes alpha decay to become thorium-234. (The numbers following the chemical names refer to the number of protons plus neutrons. ) In this reaction, uranium-238 loses two protons and two neutrons to bec... | D: nuclear symbols. |
The pull of gravity is expressed as a force of what?
Here are the choices:
A. newtons
B. joule
C. volt
D. pascal | One force acting on you—and all the other objects on Earth—is gravity. Look at the physics book in the Figure below . Gravity pulls the book downward with a force of 20 Newtons. Why doesn’t the book fall to the ground? The table pushes upward on the book with the same amount of force. The combined force, or net force ,... | A: newtons. |
What type of physics explains the behavior of visible light and electromagnetic waves?
Here are the choices:
A. Thermodynamics
B. statistics
C. optics
D. Quantum mechanics | We already know that visible light is the type of electromagnetic waves to which our eyes respond. That knowledge still leaves many questions regarding the nature of light and vision. What is color, and how do our eyes detect it? Why do diamonds sparkle? How does light travel? How do lenses and mirrors form images? The... | C: optics. |
The duodenum has a major role in regulating what digestive organ and its emptying?
Here are the choices:
A. respiratory
B. kidneys
C. skin
D. stomach | stretch receptors. This stimulates parasympathetic neurons to release acetylcholine, which then provokes increased secretion of gastric juice. Partially digested proteins, caffeine, and rising pH stimulate the release of gastrin from enteroendocrine G cells, which in turn induces parietal cells to increase their produc... | D: stomach. |
What are misfolded versions of normal brain proteins?
Here are the choices:
A. prions
B. humans
C. protons
D. ribosomes | A: prions. | |
By impacting plant species and the animals they support, destruction of habitat threatens what event?
Here are the choices:
A. depletion
B. mutation
C. extinction
D. overpopulation | C: extinction. | |
What division of the nervous system controls involuntary activities that are not emergencies, such as the digestive organs breaking down food?
Here are the choices:
A. somatic nervous system
B. parasympathetic division
C. posterior division
D. central nervous system | The parasympathetic division controls involuntary activities that are not emergencies. For example, it controls the organs of your digestive system so they can break down the food you eat. | B: parasympathetic division. |
What occurs when a cold air mass runs into a warm air mass?
Here are the choices:
A. an occluded front
B. a stationary front
C. a snow day
D. a cold front | A cold front occurs when a cold air mass runs into a warm air mass. This is shown in Figure below . The cold air mass moves faster than the warm air mass and lifts the warm air mass out of its way. As the warm air rises, its water vapor condenses. Clouds form, and precipitation falls. If the warm air is very humid, pre... | D: a cold front. |
What are the tiny sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place?
Here are the choices:
A. alveoli
B. bronchi
C. ganglion
D. cilia | Alveoli are tiny sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place. | A: alveoli. |
What is the term for plants that lack vascular tissues, roots, leaves, seeds, and flowers?
Here are the choices:
A. chloroplasts
B. primates
C. conifers
D. bryophytes | Modern nonvascular plants are called bryophytes. There are about 17,000 bryophyte species. They include liverworts, hornworts, and mosses. Mosses are the most numerous group of bryophytes. You can see an example of moss in Figure below . Like the moss in the figure, most bryophytes are small. They lack not only vascula... | D: bryophytes. |
Why are continents unable to be pushed down into the mantle by plate boundaries?
Here are the choices:
A. gravity
B. buoyancy
C. surface tension
D. density | Most of the world’s largest mountains form as plates collide at convergent plate boundaries. Continents are too buoyant to get pushed down into the mantle. So when the plates smash together, the crust crumples upwards. This creates mountains. Folding and faulting in these collision zones makes the crust thicker. | B: buoyancy. |
What is it called when a new species arises without geographic separation?
Here are the choices:
A. quantum speciation
B. sympatric speciation
C. spontaneous evolution
D. Allopatric speciation | Less often, a new species arises without geographic separation. This is called sympatric speciation . The following example shows one way this can occur. | B: sympatric speciation. |
In an exothermic reaction, what, specifically, is released?
Here are the choices:
A. precipitation
B. humidity
C. water
D. heat | When methane gas is combusted, heat is released, making the reaction exothermic. Specifically, the combustion of 1 mol of methane releases 890.4 kilojoules of heat energy. This information can be shown as part of the balanced equation. | D: heat. |
What term describes diseases caused by abnormal cells in the body dividing uncontrollably?
Here are the choices:
A. diabetes
B. radiation
C. eczema
D. cancer | Diseases One of the most talked about diseases is skin cancer. Cancer is a broad term that describes diseases caused by abnormal cells in the body dividing uncontrollably. Most cancers are identified by the organ or tissue in which the cancer originates. One common form of cancer is skin cancer. The Skin Cancer Foundat... | D: cancer. |
What is the molecule, dipeptide formed together by?
Here are the choices:
A. polymer acids
B. acetic acids
C. amino acids
D. rna acids | Amino acids join together to form a molecule called a dipeptide. The –OH from the carboxyl group of one amino acid combines with a hydrogen atom from the amino group of the other amino acid to produce water (blue). | C: amino acids. |
Did the the open circulatory systems of molluscs and arthropods arise dependently or independently of each other?
Here are the choices:
A. dependently
B. together
C. separately
D. independently | D: independently. | |
What kind of weathering is abrasion?
Here are the choices:
A. molecular
B. natural
C. electromagnetic
D. mechanical | Abrasion is another type of mechanical weathering. With abrasion, one rock bumps against another rock. Gravity causes abrasion as a rock tumbles down a slope. Moving water causes abrasion it moves rocks so that they bump against one another ( Figure below ). Strong winds cause abrasion by blasting sand against rock sur... | D: mechanical. |
What are composed of alternating positive and negative ions?
Here are the choices:
A. magnetic crystals
B. ionic crystals
C. polar bonds
D. radioactive substances | Ionic crystals are composed of alternating positive and negative ions. | B: ionic crystals. |
What is the term for a small organelle where proteins are made?
Here are the choices:
A. atom
B. ovary
C. ribosome
D. capsule | A ribosome is a small organelle where proteins are made. It’s like a factory in the cell. It gathers amino acids and joins them together into proteins. Unlike other organelles, the ribosome is not surrounded by a membrane. As a result, some scientists do not classify it as an organelle. Ribosomes may be found floating ... | C: ribosome. |
What occurs when the immune system attacks harmless substances that enter the body from the outside?
Here are the choices:
A. mutation
B. allergies
C. anomalies
D. cell rejection | Allergies occur when the immune system attacks harmless substances that enter the body from the outside. | B: allergies. |
What is composed of very long strands of glucose monomers, is largely indigestible and comprises the cell walls of plants?
Here are the choices:
A. chlorophyll
B. vascular cambrium
C. tree bark
D. cellulose | Cellulose is composed of very long strands of glucose monomers that are hydrogen bonded to one another. Cellulose is largely indigestible and comprises the cell walls of plants. | D: cellulose. |
Where are the terrestrial planets located, in relation to the sun?
Here are the choices:
A. To the left
B. farthest
C. closest
D. To the right | The four planets closest to the Sun—Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars—are the inner planets or terrestrial planets ( Figure below ). They are similar to Earth. All are solid, dense, and rocky. None of the inner planets has rings. Compared to the outer planets, the inner planets are small. They have shorter orbits around ... | C: closest. |
What are the insects that suck up the sap from plants?
Here are the choices:
A. butterflies and leafhoppers
B. aphids and leafhoppers
C. plagues and leafhoppers
D. roaches and leafhoppers | Insects eat in many different ways and they eat a huge range of foods. Around half are plant-eaters, feeding on leaves, roots, seeds, nectar, or wood. Aphids and leafhoppers suck up the sap from plants. Praying mantises are predators, hunting other small creatures, including insects like moths, caterpillars, flies, bee... | B: aphids and leafhoppers. |
The energy for an ecosystem can come from sunlight or _________?
Here are the choices:
A. chemical compounds
B. radiation compounds
C. fossil fuels
D. rain | All ecosystems need a constant input of energy in the form of sunlight or chemical compounds. Living things can be classified based on how they obtain energy as producers, consumers, or decomposers. | A: chemical compounds. |
Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis are the three types of what?
Here are the choices:
A. nanoparticles
B. endocytosis
C. mitosis
D. modulators | B: endocytosis. | |
What type of machines generally have lower efficiency but greater mechanical advantage?
Here are the choices:
A. simple machines
B. radical machines
C. compound machines
D. calculation machines | Compound machines generally have lower efficiency but greater mechanical advantage than simple machines. | C: compound machines. |
What is the name of the layer above the mesosphere?
Here are the choices:
A. lithosphere
B. thermosphere
C. exosphere
D. intersphere | The thermosphere is the layer above the mesosphere. It rises to 600 kilometers (372 miles) above the surface. The International Space Station and other space stations orbit Earth in this layer. | B: thermosphere. |
What layer of earth contains abundant oxygen, which can combine with other elements to create oxide minerals?
Here are the choices:
A. the surface
B. the tectonic plates
C. the crust
D. the core | Earth’s crust contains a lot of oxygen. The oxygen can combine with other elements to create oxide minerals. Oxides contain one or two metal elements combined with oxygen. Oxides are different from silicates, because they do not contain silicon. Many important metals are found as oxides. For example, hematite and magne... | C: the crust. |
Animals that are endotherms or ectotherms are distinguished by the ability to maintain a constant what?
Here are the choices:
A. body temperature
B. bearing temperature
C. step temperature
D. Moving Tempature | Endotherms and Ectotherms Animals can be divided into two groups: some maintain a constant body temperature in the face of differing environmental temperatures, while others have a body temperature that is the same as their environment and thus varies with the environment. Animals that do not control their body tempera... | A: body temperature. |
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