questions stringlengths 37 1.22k | reasoning stringlengths 0 3.56k ⌀ | answers stringlengths 4 138 |
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What is formed when each sodium atom donates its single valence electron to a chlorine atom?
Here are the choices:
A. nitrogen chloride
B. trioxide chloride
C. sodium chloride
D. carbon chloride | Ionic bonds are possible because the elements involved have either donated or accepted one or more electrons. Sodium chloride is formed when each sodium atom donates its single valence electron to a chlorine atom. As a result, both ions have a noble gas configuration, and an attraction is formed between the positive so... | C: sodium chloride. |
The fujita scale measures the intensity of what weather event, based on wind speed and damage?
Here are the choices:
A. wind gust
B. sandstorm
C. tornado
D. blizzard | The Fujita scale measures tornado intensity based on wind speed and damage. | C: tornado. |
What allows the electrons to move in an electrochemical system.
Here are the choices:
A. magnetism
B. conductor
C. mass
D. conduction | There are three components that make up an electrochemical reaction. There must be a solution where redox reactions can occur. These reactions generally take place in water to facilitate electron and ion movement. A conductor must exist for electrons to be transferred. This conductor is usually some kind of wire so tha... | B: conductor. |
The simplest type of battery contains what?
Here are the choices:
A. alkaline
B. multiple cells
C. single cell
D. water | The simplest type of battery contains a single cell. The electrodes extend out of the battery for the attachment of wires that carry the current. | C: single cell. |
A newborn baby has a soft spot on the top of its head. over the next few months, the soft spot gradually does what?
Here are the choices:
A. weakens
B. hardens
C. grows
D. shrinks | A newborn baby has a soft spot on the top of its head. Over the next few months, the soft spot gradually hardens. What explains this?. | B: hardens. |
Microwaves are converted into what kind of energy in a microwave oven?
Here are the choices:
A. mechanical energy
B. thermal energy
C. light energy
D. solar energy | Electromagnetic waves may also be absorbed by matter and converted to other forms of energy. Microwaves are a familiar example. When microwaves strike food in a microwave oven, they are absorbed and converted to thermal energy, which heats the food. | B: thermal energy. |
What is the process of moving air into and out of the lungs called?
Here are the choices:
A. naturalization
B. insulation
C. ventilation
D. hydration | Respiration begins with ventilation, the process of moving air into and out of the lungs. Gas exchange in the lungs takes place in across the thin walls of pulmonary arteries in tiny air sacs called alveoli. Oxygenated blood is transported by the circulatory system from lungs to tissues throughout the body. Gas exchang... | C: ventilation. |
What plays the same role in rotational motion that force plays in linear motion.
Here are the choices:
A. fulcrum
B. frame
C. efficiency
D. torque | of pivot point, and so we choose the pivot point to simplify the solution of the problem. Second, the acceleration due to gravity canceled in this problem, and we were left with a ratio of masses. This will not always be the case. Always enter the correct forces—do not jump ahead to enter some ratio of masses. Third, t... | D: torque. |
Ions are charged what?
Here are the choices:
A. protons
B. isotopes
C. molecules
D. atoms | Channel proteins provide an open channel or passageway through the cell membrane for molecules to move across. Many channel proteins allow the diffusion of ions. Ions are charged atoms. The charge makes it difficult to cross the cell membrane without assistance. Channel proteins are specific for the molecule they trans... | D: atoms. |
What occurs when a parent cell splits into two identical daughter cells of the same size?
Here are the choices:
A. division
B. diffusion
C. fusion
D. fission | Fission Occurs when a parent cell splits into two identical daughter cells of the same size. Bacteria, Protists, Unicellular Fungi. | D: fission. |
What kind of scientist is concerned with facets of geomorphology, topography, vegetation, and climate?
Here are the choices:
A. soil scientist
B. atstronomer
C. geophysicist
D. geologist | Many soil scientists work both in an office and in the field. According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA): “a soil scientist needs good observation skills to analyze and determine the characteristics of different types of soils. Soil types are complex and the geographical areas a soil scientist may ... | A: soil scientist. |
What was the first antiseptic called?
Here are the choices:
A. phenol
B. gasoline
C. acid
D. chlorine | objects such as furniture or floors). The first widely used antiseptic was phenol. Joseph Lister used it for antiseptic surgery in 1867. Phenol is toxic to humans, however, and can cause severe burns when applied to the skin. In the bloodstream, it is a systemic poison—that is, one that is carried to and affects all pa... | A: phenol. |
Which model helps explain molecules with double or triple bonds?
Here are the choices:
A. particle model
B. hybridization model
C. salinity model
D. reactivity model | The hybridization model helps explain molecules with double or triple bonds. Consider the ethene molecule (C 2 H 4 ), which contains a double covalent bond between the two carbon atoms and single bonds between the carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms. The entire molecule is planar. | B: hybridization model. |
Name the plant considered to be the ancestor of plants?
Here are the choices:
A. ferns
B. grass
C. brown algae
D. green algae | The ancestor of plants is green algae. This picture shows a close up of algae on the beach. | D: green algae. |
How can bacterial stis usually be cured?
Here are the choices:
A. tylenol
B. antivirals
C. with antibiotics
D. antiinflammatories | A number of STIs are caused by bacteria. Bacterial STIs can usually be cured with antibiotics. However, some people with bacterial STIs may not have symptoms so they fail to get treatment. Left untreated, these infections may damage reproductive organs and lead to an inability to have children. | C: with antibiotics. |
Where do organisms acquire toxic substances from along with nutrients and water?
Here are the choices:
A. reproduction
B. environment
C. movement
D. isolation | B: environment. | |
What was the first widely used antibiotic?
Here are the choices:
A. benadryl
B. alcohol
C. aspirin
D. penicillin | D: penicillin. | |
Decay of what provides some of earth's internal heat?
Here are the choices:
A. ionic elements
B. radioactive elements
C. radioactive compounds
D. decaying elements | Earth's internal heat does not depend on the Sun for energy. This heat comes from remnant heat when the planet formed. It also comes from the decay of radioactive elements. Radioactivity is an important source of energy. | B: radioactive elements. |
Plants are complex organisms with tissues organized into what?
Here are the choices:
A. systems
B. organs
C. families
D. carbons | Plants are complex organisms with tissues organized into organs. | B: organs. |
What are mammals that lay eggs called?
Here are the choices:
A. amphibians
B. monotremes
C. kangaroos
D. herbivores | 29.4 | Reptiles By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Describe the main characteristics of amniotes • Explain the difference between anapsids, synapsids, and diapsids, and give an example of each • Identify the characteristics of reptiles • Discuss the evolution of reptiles The amniotes —reptiles, birds, a... | B: monotremes. |
What do monotremes have instead of a uterus and vagina?
Here are the choices:
A. cloaca
B. endometrium
C. urethra
D. pouch | Monotremes have a cloaca instead of a uterus and vagina. The eggs pass through the opening of the cloaca. | A: cloaca. |
What part of the body controls the responses of hunger and satiety?
Here are the choices:
A. blood
B. heart
C. brain
D. small intestine | 34.4 Digestive System Regulation The brain and the endocrine system control digestive processes. The brain controls the responses of hunger and satiety. The endocrine system controls the release of hormones and enzymes required for digestion of food in the digestive tract. | C: brain. |
What kind of reactions absorb energy from their surroundings as they occur?
Here are the choices:
A. hydrostatic
B. autotrophic
C. exothermic
D. endothermic | Endothermic reactions absorb energy from the surroundings as the reaction occurs. When 1 mol of calcium carbonate decomposes into 1 mol of calcium oxide and 1 mol of carbon dioxide, 177.8 kJ of heat is absorbed. The process is shown visually in Figure above (B). The thermochemical reaction is shown below. | D: endothermic. |
Hybrid orbitals are formed only in which type of bonded atoms?
Here are the choices:
A. partially
B. thermally
C. ionically
D. covalently | The following ideas are important in understanding hybridization: 1. Hybrid orbitals do not exist in isolated atoms. They are formed only in covalently bonded atoms. Hybrid orbitals have shapes and orientations that are very different from those of the atomic orbitals in isolated. | D: covalently. |
Most autotrophs make their "food" through which process, using the energy of the sun?
Here are the choices:
A. oculitis
B. glycolysis
C. atherosclerosis
D. photosynthesis | Autotrophs store chemical energy in carbohydrate food molecules they build themselves. Most autotrophs make their "food" through photosynthesis using the energy of the sun. | D: photosynthesis. |
Because heating results in a greater fraction of molecules having the necessary kinetic energy to escape the surface of the liquid, what occurs more quickly when liquid is heated?
Here are the choices:
A. absorption
B. expansion
C. evaporation
D. oxidation | A given liquid will evaporate more quickly when it is heated. This is because the heating process results in a greater fraction of the liquid’s molecules having the necessary kinetic energy to escape the surface of the liquid. The Figure below shows the kinetic energy distribution of liquid molecules at two temperature... | C: evaporation. |
What is the term for a theoretical framework for describing evolutionary change in populations through the change in allele frequencies?
Here are the choices:
A. total genetics
B. percent genetics
C. population genetics
D. density genetics | CHAPTER SUMMARY 11.1 Discovering How Populations Change Evolution by natural selection arises from three conditions: individuals within a species vary, some of those variations are heritable, and organisms have more offspring than resources can support. The consequence is that individuals with relatively advantageous v... | C: population genetics. |
In which specific organs are hormonal cells located?
Here are the choices:
A. mammary glands
B. lymph nodes
C. endocrine glands
D. spinal cord | Hormones Maintaining homeostasis within the body requires the coordination of many different systems and organs. One mechanism of communication between neighboring cells, and between cells and tissues in distant parts of the body, occurs through the release of chemicals called hormones. Hormones are released into body ... | C: endocrine glands. |
Found in plants and algae, chloroplasts are the site of what process?
Here are the choices:
A. photosynthesis
B. spermatogenesis
C. transferase
D. glycolysis | A: photosynthesis. | |
Water behind a dam has potential energy. moving water, such as in a waterfall or a rapidly flowing river, has this?
Here are the choices:
A. kinetic energy
B. thermal energy
C. compression energy
D. residual energy | Figure 6.6 Water behind a dam has potential energy. Moving water, such as in a waterfall or a rapidly flowing river, has kinetic energy. (credit “dam”: modification of work by "Pascal"/Flickr; credit “waterfall”: modification of work by Frank Gualtieri). | A: kinetic energy. |
What part of the cell helps it keep its shape?
Here are the choices:
A. cytoskeleton
B. nucleus
C. enzymes
D. cytoplasm | cytoskeleton. This is a network of fibers and tubules that crisscrosses the cytoplasm. The cytoskeleton helps the cell keep its shape. | A: cytoskeleton. |
What is the term for crops that are genetically modified with new genes that code for traits useful to humans?
Here are the choices:
A. carcinogenic
B. transgenic
C. embryonic
D. mutant | Biotechnology has been used to create transgenic crops. Transgenic crops are genetically modified with new genes that code for traits useful to humans. The diagram in Figure below shows how a transgenic crop is created. You can learn more about how scientists create transgenic crops with the interactive animation "Engi... | B: transgenic. |
What is the rate at which a specific allele appears within a population called?
Here are the choices:
A. allele commonness
B. allele frequecy
C. allele rarity
D. trait frequency | The allele frequency (or gene frequency) is the rate at which a specific allele appears within a population. Until now we have discussed evolution as a change in the characteristics of a population of organisms, but behind that phenotypic change is genetic change. In population genetics, the term evolution is defined a... | B: allele frequecy. |
Memory t cells are long-lived and can even persist for how long?
Here are the choices:
A. eons
B. minutes
C. lifetime
D. days | The Cellular Basis of Immunological Memory As already discussed, one of the major features of an adaptive immune response is the development of immunological memory. During a primary adaptive immune response, both memory T cells and effector T cells are generated. Memory T cells are long-lived and can even persist for ... | C: lifetime. |
What fluid becomes less viscous, allowing for better joint function after stretching?
Here are the choices:
A. synovial
B. cranial
C. vertebral
D. proximal | Exercise and Stretching When exercising, it is important to first warm up the muscles. Stretching pulls on the muscle fibers and it also results in an increased blood flow to the muscles being worked. Without a proper warm-up, it is possible that you may either damage some of the muscle fibers or pull a tendon. A pulle... | A: synovial. |
Chains of small molecules called nucleotides make up what?
Here are the choices:
A. nucleic acids
B. chromosomes
C. proteins
D. peptides | Nucleic acids consist of chains of small molecules called nucleotides, which are held together by covalent bonds. The structure of a nucleotide is shown in the Figure below . Each nucleotide consists of:. | A: nucleic acids. |
What is the preferred method for separating late transition metals from their ores?
Here are the choices:
A. purging
B. heating
C. hydrometallurgy
D. hydraulics | Hydrometallurgy is the preferred method for separating late transition metals from their ores. What types of ligands are most effective in this process?. | C: hydrometallurgy. |
When na 2 hpo 24 − (the weak acid) comes into contact with a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide (naoh), the weak acid reverts back to the weak base and produces what?
Here are the choices:
A. air
B. plasma
C. water
D. rock | chloride, NaCl. When Na 2 HPO 24 − (the weak acid) comes into contact with a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), the weak acid reverts back to the weak base and produces water. Acids and bases are still present, but they hold onto the ions. | C: water. |
What system is designed to facilitate the transformation of food matter into the nutrient components that sustain organisms?
Here are the choices:
A. respiratory
B. digestive
C. tissue
D. skeletal | Parts of the Digestive System The vertebrate digestive system is designed to facilitate the transformation of food matter into the nutrient components that sustain organisms. Oral Cavity The oral cavity, or mouth, is the point of entry of food into the digestive system, illustrated in Figure 34.9. The food consumed is ... | B: digestive. |
What are the sporophytes in ferns?
Here are the choices:
A. leaves
B. spores
C. cycles
D. leafy plants | D: leafy plants. | |
The measure of how much a given volume of matter decreases when placed under pressure is called?
Here are the choices:
A. malleability
B. compressibility
C. solubility
D. elasticity | Compressibility is the measure of how much a given volume of matter decreases when placed under pressure. If we put pressure on a solid or a liquid, there is essentially no change in volume. The atoms, ions, or molecules that make up the solid or liquid are very close together. There is no space between the individual ... | B: compressibility. |
What are two major categories of mutations?
Here are the choices:
A. plasticity and somatic
B. homologous and somatic
C. german and somatic
D. germline and somatic | There are a variety of types of mutations. Two major categories of mutations are germline mutations and somatic mutations. | D: germline and somatic. |
Chemical equations in which heat is shown as either a reactant or a product are called what?
Here are the choices:
A. thorium equations
B. feedstock equations
C. hydroelectric equations
D. thermochemical equations | 2Al(s) + Fe2O3(s) → 2Fe(s) + Al2O3(s) + heat to indicate that heat is one of the products. Chemical equations in which heat is shown as either a reactant or a product are called thermochemical equations. In this reaction, the system consists of aluminum, iron, and oxygen atoms; everything else, including the container,... | D: thermochemical equations. |
Clams, oysters, scallops, and mussels are examples of what type of species?
Here are the choices:
A. invertebrates
B. mammals
C. mollusks
D. tortoises | Mollusks live in most terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats. However, the majority of species live in the ocean. They can be found in both shallow and deep water and from tropical to polar latitudes. Mollusks are a major food source for other organisms, including humans. You may have eaten mollusks such as clams... | C: mollusks. |
What is it called when a charge moves against a field?
Here are the choices:
A. momentum
B. power
C. force
D. work | The electrical potential difference between the two plates is expressed as , the electric field strength times the distance between the plates. The units in this expression are Newtons/coulomb times meters, which gives the final units Joules/coulomb. Voltage is an expression of the amount of potential energy per unit c... | D: work. |
The as yet undiscovered grand unified theory is a search to unify laws of what branch of science?
Here are the choices:
A. chemistry
B. genetics
C. masses
D. physics | Over 2500 years ago Aristotle proposed two laws of physics governing motion. One for ‘Earthly bodies’ (objects on Earth) that states objects naturally go in straight lines and one for ‘Heavenly bodies’ (objects in space) that states objects naturally go in circles. This idea held steady for 2,000 years until Isaac Newt... | D: physics. |
What basic cell structure is made up of a phospholipid bilayer and two layers of phospholipid molecules?
Here are the choices:
A. nucleus
B. cell cartilage
C. cell membrane
D. mitochondria | The cell membrane is made up of a phospholipid bilayer, two layers of phospholipid molecules. Notice the polar head group of the phospholipid is attached to the phosphate, and the tails are two fatty acid chains. The head group and tails are attached by a glycerol backbone. | C: cell membrane. |
Earthworms and ants possess what type of bodies, which means division into multiple parts?
Here are the choices:
A. truncated
B. elliptical
C. elongated
D. segmented | Segmentation evolved next. Segmentation is the division of the body into multiple parts, or segments. Both the earthworm (Phylum Annelida) in Figure below and ant (Phylum Arthropoda) in Figure below have segmented bodies. The earthworm has many small segments. The ant has three larger segments. Segmentation increases a... | D: segmented. |
Gfci stands for ground-fault circuit what?
Here are the choices:
A. interrupter
B. isolates
C. inspiration
D. infers | GFCI stands for ground-fault circuit interrupter. GFCI outlets are typically found in bathrooms and kitchens where the use of water poses a risk of shock (because water is a good electric conductor). A GFCI outlet contains a device that monitors the amounts of current leaving and returning to the outlet. If less curren... | A: interrupter. |
What genetic unit is formed when the dna double helix wraps around proteins and tightly coils a number of times?
Here are the choices:
A. gene
B. atom
C. chromosome
D. neutron | (left) The DNA double helix wraps around proteins (2) and tightly coils a number of times to form a chromosome (5). This figure shows the complexity of the coiling process. The red dot shows the location of the centromere, where the microtubules attach during mitosis and meiosis. (right) A representation of a condensed... | C: chromosome. |
What are fresh water biomes defined by?
Here are the choices:
A. animal species
B. moving water
C. high salt content
D. low salt concentration | Freshwater biomes are defined by their low salt concentration, usually less than 1%. Plants and animals in freshwater regions are adjusted to the low salt content and would not be able to survive in areas of high salt concentration, such as the ocean. There are different types of freshwater biomes: ponds and lakes ( Fi... | D: low salt concentration. |
What is the amount of time a molecule stays in a reservoir known as?
Here are the choices:
A. residence time
B. known time
C. reservoir time
D. suitable time | Water can remain in a particular location for a long time. This is known as a reservoir . Reservoirs for water include oceans, glaciers, ponds, or even the atmosphere. A water molecule may pass through a reservoir very quickly or may remain for much longer. The amount of time a molecule stays in a reservoir is known as... | A: residence time. |
What is the study of chemical processes that occur in living things?
Here are the choices:
A. phrenology
B. physiology
C. biochemistry
D. cardiology | Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes that occur in living things. Research may cover basic cellular processes up to understanding disease states so better treatments can be developed. | C: biochemistry. |
What prohibits knocking out genes?
Here are the choices:
A. professional considerations
B. genetic considerdations
C. moral considerdations
D. ethical considerdations | D: ethical considerdations. | |
The populations that live in the same area form this?
Here are the choices:
A. a biome
B. a community
C. a colony
D. a habitat | All of the populations that live in the same area make up a community . The community that includes the goldfish population also includes the populations of other fish, coral and other organisms. | B: a community. |
The rate at which an unstable isotope decays is measured in a unit known as what?
Here are the choices:
A. half-life
B. half-time
C. full-life
D. staying-life | The decay of an unstable isotope to a stable element occurs at a constant rate. This rate is different for each parent-daughter isotope pair. The decay rate is measured in a unit called the half-life. The half-life is the time it takes for half of a given amount of an isotope to decay. For example, the half-life of car... | A: half-life. |
If two chlorine atoms share their unpaired electrons by making a covalent bond and forming cl2, they can each complete their what?
Here are the choices:
A. hypothesized shell
B. electron shell
C. valence shell
D. radiative shell | Using Lewis Dot Symbols to Describe Covalent Bonding The valence electron configurations of the constituent atoms of a covalent compound are important factors in determining its structure, stoichiometry, and properties. For example, chlorine, with seven valence electrons, is one electron short of an octet. If two chlor... | C: valence shell. |
How many pairs of upper jaws do insects have?
Here are the choices:
A. six pairs
B. three pairs
C. four pairs
D. two pairs | For feeding, the insect head contains one pair of lower jaws and two pairs of upper jaws. Insects have also evolved a wide range of specialized mouthparts for eating certain foods. You can see some examples in Figure below . | D: two pairs. |
Where does the shoot system get the water and minerals that it depends on?
Here are the choices:
A. the air
B. the soil
C. the seeds
D. surrounding plants | B: the soil. | |
Potential energy is present in objects that are what?
Here are the choices:
A. elastic
B. unstable
C. crystals
D. rigid | Potential energy is present in objects that are ______________. | A: elastic. |
What are flightless birds that are strong swimmers and spend much of their time in the water?
Here are the choices:
A. penguins
B. Ostriches
C. Emus
D. Cassowaries | Penguins are flightless birds that are strong swimmers and spend much of their time in the water. | A: penguins. |
What describes how close an estimate is to a known standard?
Here are the choices:
A. diversity
B. accuracy
C. hypothesis
D. frequency | In measuring quantities we always aim for high accuracy . Estimates that fall within the range of uncertainty for a given instrument are said to be accurate. In our previous example, all of the values between and including 52.4 mL and 53.4 mL would be considered accurate. Estimates that fall outside this range are inac... | B: accuracy. |
What is the measure of the energy released when an extra electron is added to an atom?
Here are the choices:
A. mass affinity
B. electron affinity
C. neutron affinity
D. volume affinity | Electron affinity is a measure of the energy released when an extra electron is added to an atom. | B: electron affinity. |
In what type of population do allele and genotype frequencies not change over time?
Here are the choices:
A. equilibrium population
B. saturation population
C. shape population
D. inequilibrium population | In an equilibrium population, allele and genotype frequencies do not change over time. | A: equilibrium population. |
What bodily substance is formed from cells, and in turn helps make up organs?
Here are the choices:
A. tendons
B. muscles
C. ligaments
D. tissues | Organisms are organized in the microscopic level from atoms up to cells. The matter is structured in an ordered way. Atoms are arranged into molecules, then into macromolecules, which make up organelles, which work together to form cells. Beyond this, cells are organized in higher levels to form entire multicellular or... | D: tissues. |
What is the electrode at which reduction occurs called?
Here are the choices:
A. cathode
B. cathine
C. reducthode
D. anode | The electrode at which reduction occurs is called the cathode . The cathode gradually increases in mass because of the production of copper metal. The concentration of copper(II) ions in the half-cell solution decreases. The cathode is the positive electrode. | A: cathode. |
Smog is one example of what type of pollution?
Here are the choices:
A. energy
B. light
C. air
D. sound | This picture shows a thick layer of smog and dust over a very polluted city (Singapore). Smog in the air is a serious health hazard for people living in many big cities around the globe. Smog is one example of air pollution. | C: air. |
What do you call a circuit that consists of one loop, which if interrupted at any point, causes cessation of the whole circuit's electric current?
Here are the choices:
A. dramatic circuit
B. series circuit
C. parallel circuit
D. constant circuit | A circuit that consists of one loop is called a series circuit . You can see a simple series circuit below. If a series circuit is interrupted at any point in its single loop, no current can flow through the circuit and no devices in the circuit will work. In the series circuit below, if one light bulb burns out, the o... | B: series circuit. |
What type of input is not required during passive transport?
Here are the choices:
A. pressure
B. energy
C. cooling
D. heating | Passive transport does not require energy input. | B: energy. |
Which organ of our body is harmed if you get meningitis?
Here are the choices:
A. brain
B. spleen
C. lung
D. heart | Nervous tissue may become infected by microorganisms. Meningitis , for example, is caused by a viral or bacterial infection of the tissues covering the brain. This may cause the brain to swell and lead to brain damage and death. | A: brain. |
What is the unique layer of nerve cells covering the cerebrum in mammals' brains called?
Here are the choices:
A. the neocortex
B. the neural
C. cerebral cortex
D. the midbrain | The brains of all mammals have a unique layer of nerve cells covering the cerebrum. This layer is called the neocortex (the pink region of the brains in Figure above ). The neocortex plays an important role in many complex brain functions. In some mammals, such as rats, the neocortex is relatively smooth. In other mamm... | A: the neocortex. |
The direction of the rotation of hurricanes is influenced by which force?
Here are the choices:
A. coriolis force
B. headwind force
C. centrifugal force
D. jetstream force | Coriolis force to the right. Just the opposite occurs in the southern hemisphere; there, the force is to the left. Because Earth’s angular velocity is small, the Coriolis force is usually negligible, but for large-scale motions, such as wind patterns, it has substantial effects. The Coriolis force causes hurricanes in ... | A: coriolis force. |
The name of which ion always comes first?
Here are the choices:
A. similar ion
B. negative ions
C. constant ion
D. positive ion | Ionic compounds are named for their positive and negative ions. The name of the positive ion always comes first, followed by the name of the negative ion. For example, positive sodium ions and negative chloride ions form the compound named sodium chloride. Similarly, positive calcium ions and negative chloride ions for... | D: positive ion. |
What is the most familiar fibrous protein found in your body?
Here are the choices:
A. Actin
B. Collagen
C. cellulose
D. keratin | Intermediate filaments have no role in cell movement. Their function is purely structural. They bear tension, thus maintaining the shape of the cell, and anchor the nucleus and other organelles in place. Figure 4.22 shows how intermediate filaments create a supportive scaffolding inside the cell. The intermediate filam... | D: keratin. |
Ice floats because it is less what than liquid water?
Here are the choices:
A. gaseous
B. heavy
C. warm
D. dense | D: dense. | |
Where are the pharyngeal slits located?
Here are the choices:
A. larynx
B. nasal cavity
C. pharynx
D. esophagus | The pharyngeal slits are located in the pharynx. The pharynx is the tube that joins the mouth to the digestive and respiratory tracts. | C: pharynx. |
What filters pathogens and worn out red blood cells from the blood?
Here are the choices:
A. the stomach
B. the bladder
C. the pancreas
D. the spleen | The spleen is in the upper abdomen. It filters pathogens and worn out red blood cells from the blood, and then lymphocytes in the spleen destroy them. | D: the spleen. |
Muscle atrophy due to age is called what?
Here are the choices:
A. nymphomania
B. pepinia
C. Increased Atrophy
D. sarcopenia | mitochondria, myoglobin, and capillary networks in SO fibers. Endurance athletes have a high level of SO fibers relative to the other fiber types. Resistance exercise causes hypertrophy. Power-producing muscles have a higher number of FG fibers than of slow fibers. Strenuous exercise causes muscle cell damage that requ... | D: sarcopenia. |
Lead shielding is used to block what type of rays?
Here are the choices:
A. toxic
B. ultraviolet
C. alpha
D. gamma | Look at the classroom in Figure below . It has several sources of visible light. One source of visible light is the sun. Sunlight enters the classroom through the windows. The sun provides virtually all of the visible light that living things need. Visible light travels across space from the sun to Earth in electromagn... | D: gamma. |
What sulfur compound occurs in volcanic gases and in the atmosphere near industrial plants?
Here are the choices:
A. sulfur hydroxide
B. carbon sulfide
C. nitrogen sulfide
D. sulfur dioxide | Sulfur Oxygen Compounds The two common oxides of sulfur are sulfur dioxide, SO2, and sulfur trioxide, SO3. The odor of burning sulfur comes from sulfur dioxide. Sulfur dioxide, shown in Figure 18.47, occurs in volcanic gases and in the atmosphere near industrial plants that burn fuel containing sulfur compounds. | D: sulfur dioxide. |
What bodily structures consist of the endothelium and its basal lamina?
Here are the choices:
A. capillaries
B. veins
C. fibers
D. muscles | A: capillaries. | |
The extent to which a substance may be dissolved in water or another solvent is known as what?
Here are the choices:
A. solubility
B. turbidity
C. flexibility
D. humidity | The extent to which a substance may be dissolved in water, or any solvent, is quantitatively expressed as its solubility, defined as the maximum concentration of a substance that can be achieved under specified conditions. Substances with relatively large solubilities are said to be soluble. A substance will precipitat... | A: solubility. |
What do you call cellular respiration that does not need oxygen to proceed?
Here are the choices:
A. aerobic respiration
B. cellular breathing
C. malolactic respiration
D. anaerobic respiration | Scientists think that glycolysis evolved before the other stages of cellular respiration. This is because the other stages need oxygen, whereas glycolysis does not, and there was no oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere when life first evolved about 3.5 to 4 billion years ago. Cellular respiration that proceeds without oxygen i... | D: anaerobic respiration. |
What is the name for creatures such as bears and humans that eat both consumers and producers?
Here are the choices:
A. insectivores
B. omnivores
C. carnivorous
D. paleo diet | Omnivores eat both producers and consumers. Most people are omnivores, since they eat fruits, vegetables, and grains from plants, and also meat and dairy products from animals. Dogs, bears, and raccoons are also omnivores. | B: omnivores. |
What are compounds with the same number of carbon and hydrogen atoms called?
Here are the choices:
A. hydrocarbons
B. isomers
C. alcohols
D. monomers | Even compounds with the same number of carbon and hydrogen atoms can have different shapes. These compounds are called isomers . Look at the examples in Figure below . The figure shows the structural formulas of butane and its isomer iso -butane. Both molecules have four carbon atoms and ten hydrogen atoms (C 4 H 10 ),... | B: isomers. |
Developing cars that run on hydrogen gas can help solve our dependence on what?
Here are the choices:
A. food
B. water
C. oxygen
D. nonrenewable fossil fuels | You won’t see this car on the road, at least not yet. It’s a concept car that was developed by a major automaker. Instead of burning gasoline, it runs on hydrogen gas. Using hydrogen for fuel doesn’t produce pollution, and it doesn’t depend on nonrenewable fossil fuels. New technologies like this car may one day help s... | D: nonrenewable fossil fuels. |
What also receives input from other areas of the forebrain through the medial forebrain bundle?
Here are the choices:
A. hypothalamus
B. optic chiasm
C. hippocampus
D. pituitary gland | These two tracts connect the hypothalamus with the major parasympathetic nuclei in the brain stem and the preganglionic (central) neurons of the thoracolumbar spinal cord. The hypothalamus also receives input from other areas of the forebrain through the medial forebrain bundle. The olfactory cortex, the septal nuclei ... | A: hypothalamus. |
What type of science is the application of science to answer questions related to the law?
Here are the choices:
A. biologic
B. forensic
C. physics
D. ecology | Forensic Scientist Forensic science is the application of science to answer questions related to the law. Biologists as well as chemists and biochemists can be forensic scientists. Forensic scientists provide scientific evidence for use in courts, and their job involves examining trace material associated with crimes. ... | B: forensic. |
What kind of charge do iconic compounds have?
Here are the choices:
A. white neutral charge
B. net negative charge
C. net positive charge
D. net neutral charge | Ionic compounds consist of oppositely charged ions that are held together by ionic bonds. The opposite charges cancel out so ionic compounds have a net neutral charge. Ionic compounds form when metals transfer valence electrons to nonmetals. | D: net neutral charge. |
A catalyst decreases the amount of what resource that is required in order to begin a chemical reaction?
Here are the choices:
A. motion energy
B. kinetic energy
C. activation energy
D. positive energy | Catalysts are not reactants, but they help reactants come together so they can react. You can see one way this happens in the animation at the URL below. By helping reactants come together, a catalyst decreases the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction. This speeds up the reaction. | C: activation energy. |
Ribozymes are rna molecules that catalyze what?
Here are the choices:
A. liquid reactions
B. hormonal reactions
C. chemical reactions
D. protein molecules | Ribozymes are RNA molecules that catalyze chemical reactions, such as translation. Ribosomes, which are just made out of rRNA (ribosomal RNA) and protein, have been classified as ribozymes , because the rRNA has enzymatic activity. The rRNA is important for the peptidyl transferase activity that bonds amino acids. Brie... | C: chemical reactions. |
In what state of matter is butter at room temperature?
Here are the choices:
A. gel
B. gas
C. liqued
D. solid | 6. Butter is a fat that is a solid at room temperature. What type of fatty acids does butter contain? How do you know?. | D: solid. |
Ordinary table salt is called what?
Here are the choices:
A. oxygen chloride
B. ammonia chloride
C. sodium chloride
D. carbon chloride | Ordinary table salt is called sodium chloride. It is considered a substance because it has a uniform and definite composition. All samples of sodium chloride are chemically identical. Water is also a pure substance. Salt easily dissolves in water, but salt water cannot be classified as a substance because its compositi... | C: sodium chloride. |
Secondary pollutants form from chemical reactions that occur when pollution is exposed to what?
Here are the choices:
A. air
B. sunlight
C. humans
D. water | Secondary pollutants form from chemical reactions that occur when pollution is exposed to sunlight. | B: sunlight. |
What is the sum of the massess of the atoms in a molecule?
Here are the choices:
A. underlying mass
B. nuclear mass
C. magnetic mass
D. molecular mass | The molecular mass is the sum of the masses of the atoms in a molecule. | D: molecular mass. |
Neutrophils and lymphocytes are examples of what type of cell?
Here are the choices:
A. red blood cell
B. white blood cell
C. skin cell
D. Osteoclast | Figure 40.5 The cells and cellular components of human blood are shown. Red blood cells deliver oxygen to the cells and remove carbon dioxide. White blood cells—including neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils—are involved in the immune response. Platelets form clots that prevent blood loss aft... | B: white blood cell. |
What is the space around the magnet called?
Here are the choices:
A. optical field
B. resistance field
C. magnetic field
D. gravitational field | C: magnetic field. | |
What cannot exist between energy levels?
Here are the choices:
A. electrons
B. protons
C. cells
D. crystals | A: electrons. | |
Transferring what from sodium to chlorine decreases the radius of sodium by about 50%?
Here are the choices:
A. neutron
B. electron
C. proton
D. quark | The sum of the calculated atomic radii of sodium and chlorine atoms is 253 pm. The sodium cation is significantly smaller than a neutral sodium atom (102 versus 154 pm), due to the loss of the single electron in the 3s orbital. Conversely, the chloride ion is much larger than a neutral chlorine atom (181 versus 99 pm),... | B: electron. |
What is the name for membrane-bound sacs that function in storage and transport?
Here are the choices:
A. tubules
B. cells
C. alleles
D. vacuoles | Vesicles and Vacuoles Vesicles and vacuoles are membrane-bound sacs that function in storage and transport. Vacuoles are somewhat larger than vesicles, and the membrane of a vacuole does not fuse with the membranes of other cellular components. Vesicles can fuse with other membranes within the cell system. Additionally... | D: vacuoles. |
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