questions stringlengths 37 1.22k | reasoning stringlengths 0 3.56k ⌀ | answers stringlengths 4 138 |
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By what kind of change can a chemical change be reversed?
Here are the choices:
A. another carbon change
B. another chemical change
C. another radioactive change
D. another thermal change | Because chemical changes result in different substances, they often cannot be undone. Some chemical changes can be reversed, but only by other chemical changes. | B: another chemical change. |
Earthquakes at convergent plate boundaries mark the location of the what?
Here are the choices:
A. abducting lithosphere
B. shorting lithosphere
C. subducting lithosphere
D. speeding lithosphere | Earthquakes at convergent plate boundaries mark the location of the subducting lithosphere. The motion of the lithosphere as it plunges through the mantle causes the quakes ( Figure below ). At greater depths, the plate heats up enough to deform plastically. | C: subducting lithosphere. |
New seafloor forms when what object cools?
Here are the choices:
A. debris
B. ash
C. lava
D. rain | The seafloor spreading hypothesis brought all of these observations together in the early 1960s. Hot mantle material rises up at mid-ocean ridges. The hot magma erupts as lava. The lava cools to form new seafloor. Later, more lava erupts at the ridge. The new lava pushes the seafloor that is at the ridge horizontally a... | C: lava. |
What are groups of atoms that behave as a single unit called?
Here are the choices:
A. protons
B. molecules
C. ions
D. particles | Molecules are groups of atoms that behave as a single unit. | B: molecules. |
Hormones cause cellular changes by binding to receptors on these?
Here are the choices:
A. able cells
B. target cells
C. fighter cells
D. reach cells | 37.2 How Hormones Work Hormones cause cellular changes by binding to receptors on target cells. The number of receptors on a target cell can increase or decrease in response to hormone activity. Hormones can affect cells directly through intracellular hormone receptors or indirectly through plasma membrane hormone rece... | B: target cells. |
Food provides what type of energy needed by organisms, which is stored in bonds?
Here are the choices:
A. chemical energy
B. radiation energy
C. caffeine
D. calories | The chemical energy that organisms need comes from food. Food consists of organic molecules that store energy in their chemical bonds. In terms of obtaining food for energy, there are two types of organisms: autotrophs and heterotrophs. | A: chemical energy. |
Catabolic reactions involve breaking what?
Here are the choices:
A. bonds
B. levels
C. molecules
D. metals | Catabolic reactions involve breaking bonds. Larger molecules break down to form smaller ones. These reactions release energy. For example, energy is released when starches break down to sugars. | A: bonds. |
Scientists explain the world based on what?
Here are the choices:
A. patterns
B. observations
C. theories
D. changes | Such knowledge of the natural world is only part of what science is. Science is as much about doing as knowing. Science is a way of learning about the natural world that depends on evidence, reasoning, and repeated testing. Scientists explain the world based on their observations. If they develop new ideas about the wa... | B: observations. |
What is the general name for saturated hydrocarbons?
Here are the choices:
A. enzymes
B. petrolatums
C. halides
D. alkanes | Saturated hydrocarbons are given the general name of alkanes . The name of specific alkanes always ends in - ane . The first part of the name indicates how many carbon atoms each molecule of the alkane has. The smallest alkane is methane. It has just one carbon atom. The next largest is ethane, with two carbon atoms. T... | D: alkanes. |
Changing electric and mnagnetic fields radiate outward when?
Here are the choices:
A. firing particles accelerate
B. charged particles accelerate
C. particles lose their charge
D. particles multiply | When charged particles accelerate , changing electric and magnetic fields radiate outward. The traveling electric and magnetic fields of an accelerating (often oscillating) charged particle are known as electromagnetic radiation or light. | B: charged particles accelerate. |
What significant part of the cell do prokaryotic cells lack?
Here are the choices:
A. a cell wall
B. a nucleus
C. a ribosome
D. mitochondrial dna | Prokaryotic cells are cells that lack a nucleus. The DNA in prokaryotic cells is in the cytoplasm, rather than enclosed within a nuclear membrane. All the organisms in the Bacteria and Archaea Domains have prokaryotic cells. No other organisms have this type of cell. Organisms with prokaryotic cells are called prokaryo... | B: a nucleus. |
Where do ectotherms get most of their heat?
Here are the choices:
A. food
B. metabolism
C. internally
D. external sources | D: external sources. | |
What layer is above the mesosphere?
Here are the choices:
A. ionosphere
B. stratosphere
C. exosphere
D. thermosphere | The thermosphere is the layer above the mesosphere. It rises to 600 kilometers (372 miles) above the surface. The International Space Station orbits Earth in this layer as in Figure below . | D: thermosphere. |
What is produced by leydig cells in the embryonic testis and stimulates the development of male sexual organs?
Here are the choices:
A. insulin
B. androgen
C. estrogen
D. testosterone | 27.3 Development of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems The reproductive systems of males and females begin to develop soon after conception. A gene on the male’s Y chromosome called SRY is critical in stimulating a cascade of events that simultaneously stimulate testis development and repress the development of f... | D: testosterone. |
What is a continuous flow of electric charges called?
Here are the choices:
A. magnetic current
B. electricity
C. circuit
D. electric current | Electric current is a continuous flow of electric charges. Current is measured as the amount of charge that flows past a given point in a certain amount of time. The SI unit for electric current is the ampere (A), or amp. Electric current may flow in just one direction, or it may keep reversing direction. | D: electric current. |
What causes high winds and monsoon storms in the desert?
Here are the choices:
A. low winter temperature
B. moderate spring temperature
C. high summer temperature
D. and-12 summer temperature | High summer temperatures on the desert create high winds and monsoon storms. Strong winds in the desert can pick up dust and blow it around. A dust storm known as a haboob ( Figure below ) forms in the downdrafts on the front of a thunderstorm. | C: high summer temperature. |
What are the three most common protective devices?
Here are the choices:
A. fuses , fabrication breaks & surge protectors
B. fuses, circuit breaks & surge protectors
C. fuses , circuit breaks & surge claws
D. tranistors, resistors & diodes | There are multiple ways to prevent these situations from occurring. The three most common protective devices are fuses, circuit breakers, and surge protectors. | B: fuses, circuit breaks & surge protectors. |
Which veins return oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart?
Here are the choices:
A. respiratory
B. varicose
C. pulmonary
D. jugular | Today in many countries, death rates have gone down but birth rates remain high. This means that the population is growing. Figure below shows the growth rates of human populations all over the world. | C: pulmonary. |
Makemake and pluto are classified as what type of celestial object?
Here are the choices:
A. dwarf planets
B. black holes
C. nebula
D. gas giants | Makemake is the third-largest and second-brightest dwarf planet we have discovered so far ( Figure below ). Makemake is only 75 percent the size of Pluto. Its diameter is between 1300 and 1900 kilometers. The name comes from the mythology of the Eastern Islanders. Makemake was the god that created humanity. At a distan... | A: dwarf planets. |
What do you call the entire range of wavelengths of electromagnetic waves?
Here are the choices:
A. gaseous spectrum
B. molecular spectrum
C. electromagnetic spectrum
D. electric spectrum | Sunlight contains the complete range of wavelengths of electromagnetic waves. The entire range is called the electromagnetic spectrum. | C: electromagnetic spectrum. |
Joules and calories are the units of what?
Here are the choices:
A. mass and potential
B. energy and heat
C. heat and velocity
D. weight and energy | Joules and calories are the units of energy and heat. | B: energy and heat. |
The brain and spinal cord are part of what system?
Here are the choices:
A. digestive system
B. immune system
C. central nervous system
D. cardiovascular system | The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system. | C: central nervous system. |
The two parathyroid glands are located behind what gland?
Here are the choices:
A. hypothalmus
B. thyroid
C. pituitary gland
D. thymus | The two parathyroid glands are located behind the thyroid gland. Parathyroid hormone helps keep the level of calcium in the blood within a narrow range. It stimulates bone cells to dissolve calcium in bone matrix and release it into the blood. | B: thyroid. |
Fission is a method of what type of reproduction exhibited by some planarians?
Here are the choices:
A. asexual
B. propagation
C. spawning
D. sexual | A: asexual. | |
The best method for preparing pure phosphorous acid is by hydrolyzing what?
Here are the choices:
A. dioxide trichloride
B. phosphorus trichloride
C. carbon trichloride
D. dioxide phosphat | Dilution of the products with water, followed by filtration to remove calcium sulfate, gives a dilute acid solution contaminated with calcium dihydrogen phosphate, Ca(H2PO4)2, and other compounds associated with calcium phosphate rock. It is possible to prepare pure orthophosphoric acid by dissolving P4O10 in water. Th... | B: phosphorus trichloride. |
What bonds result from the overlap of atomic orbitals?
Here are the choices:
A. covalents
B. hydrogen
C. valent
D. metallic | Covalent bonds result from the overlap of atomic orbitals. | A: covalents. |
What is a cluster of neuron cell bodies in the pns called?
Here are the choices:
A. ganglion
B. gangnem
C. groupilion
D. crystals | Regardless of the appearance of stained or unstained tissue, the cell bodies of neurons or axons can be located in discrete anatomical structures that need to be named. Those names are specific to whether the structure is central or peripheral. A localized collection of neuron cell bodies in the CNS is referred to as a... | A: ganglion. |
Unlike the passive form, the sodium-potassium pump uses what type of transport?
Here are the choices:
A. active
B. High
C. phase
D. Low | Mariana Ruiz Villarreal (User:LadyofHats/Wikimedia Commons), modified by Hana Zavadska. The sodium-potassium pump uses active transport . Public Domain. | A: active. |
On insects, what are the openings on the sides of the abdomen that allows respiration to occur?
Here are the choices:
A. chloroplasts
B. wings
C. gills
D. spiracles | Respiration that occurs without lungs. Insects have a system of internal tubes and sacs that oxygen travels through to reach body tissues. Air is taken in through the spiracles , openings on the sides of the abdomen. | D: spiracles. |
Salts of weak acids or bases can affect the acidity or what of their aqueous solution?
Here are the choices:
A. atomicity
B. compound
C. ductility
D. basicity | Salts of weak acids or bases can affect the acidity or basicity of their aqueous solutions. | D: basicity. |
Flowers, double fertilization, and fruits are unique features of what life cycle?
Here are the choices:
A. dinoflagellate
B. early lifehood
C. angiosperm
D. protozoa | 38.1 Flowers, double fertilization, and fruits are unique features of the angiosperm life cycle. | C: angiosperm. |
What is most often the cause of encephalitis?
Here are the choices:
A. calcium buildup
B. viruses
C. parasites
D. bacterial infections | Encephalitis is a brain infection most often caused by viruses. The immune system tries to fight off a brain infection, just as it tries to fight off other infections. But sometimes this can do more harm than good. The immune system’s response may cause swelling in the brain. With no room to expand, the brain pushes ag... | B: viruses. |
Why do microwaves have a higher energy than radio waves?
Here are the choices:
A. lower frequency
B. higher frequency
C. higher decibel
D. higher resonance | Find the microwave in the Figure above . A microwave is an electromagnetic wave with a relatively long wavelength and low frequency. Microwaves are often classified as radio waves, but they have higher frequencies than other radio waves. With higher frequencies, they also have more energy. That’s why microwaves are use... | B: higher frequency. |
What is cytology.
Here are the choices:
A. the study of cell structure
B. the study of atomic structure
C. the study of cancers
D. the study of plants | A: the study of cell structure. | |
When solids change to gasses, they generally pass through what other state?
Here are the choices:
A. liquid
B. chemical
C. frozen
D. carbon | Solids that change to gases generally first pass through the liquid state. However, sometimes solids change directly to gases and skip the liquid state. The reverse can also occur. Sometimes gases change directly to solids. | A: liquid. |
What is the structure which hangs from a newly hatched salmon larva?
Here are the choices:
A. liquid sac
B. yolk sac
C. stomach sac
D. air sac | Salmon Larva. This newly hatched salmon larva doesn’t look very fish-like. The structure hanging from the larva is the yolk sac. | B: yolk sac. |
What is made up of the pinna, ear canal, and eardrum?
Here are the choices:
A. the inner ear
B. the epidermis
C. the nervous system
D. the outer ear | The outer ear includes the pinna, ear canal, and eardrum. These structures gather sound waves, funnel them into the ear, and pass the vibrations to the middle ear. | D: the outer ear. |
What type of solvents is glucose insoluble in?
Here are the choices:
A. nonpolar
B. acidic
C. polar
D. alkaline | The same principles govern the solubilities of molecular solids in liquids. For example, elemental sulfur is a solid consisting of cyclic S8 molecules that have no dipole moment. Because the S8 rings in solid sulfur are held to other rings by London dispersion forces, elemental sulfur is insoluble in water. It is, howe... | A: nonpolar. |
What organ is divided into the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum?
Here are the choices:
A. lung
B. kidney
C. small intestine
D. large intestine | Most chemical digestion and nearly all absorption of nutrients take place in the small intestine. This organ consists of three parts: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. | C: small intestine. |
Ectotherms undergo a variety of changes at the cellular level to acclimatize to shifts in what?
Here are the choices:
A. oxygen
B. air pressure
C. precipitation
D. temperature | D: temperature. | |
A comet striking the earth may have caused mass extinction, this would have decreased sunlight, which would have effected what plant process reducing food?
Here are the choices:
A. fertilization
B. glycolysis
C. decomposition
D. photosynthesis | At the end of the Cretaceous Period, or 65 million years ago, all dinosaurs (except those which led to birds) went extinct. Some scientists believe a possible cause is a collision between the Earth and a comet or asteroid. The collision could have caused tidal waves, changed the climate, and reduced sunlight by 10-20%.... | D: photosynthesis. |
Normal body temperature is ideal for most of what type of reactions?
Here are the choices:
A. plasma
B. theoretical
C. gas
D. biochemical | Biochemical reactions are optimal at physiological temperatures. For example, most biochemical reactions work best at the normal body temperature of 98.6˚F. Many enzymes lose function at lower and higher temperatures. At higher temperatures, an enzyme’s shape deteriorates. Only when the temperature comes back to normal... | D: biochemical. |
What separates and strongly unites bodies of adjacent vertebrae?
Here are the choices:
A. interstitial fluid
B. collagen fibers
C. intervertebral disc
D. synovial fluid | General Structure of a Vertebra Within the different regions of the vertebral column, vertebrae vary in size and shape, but they all follow a similar structural pattern. A typical vertebra will consist of a body, a vertebral arch, and seven processes (Figure 7.23). The body is the anterior portion of each vertebra and ... | C: intervertebral disc. |
About 20 percent of carbon dioxide is bound by hemoglobin and is transported where?
Here are the choices:
A. intestines
B. brain tissues
C. bones
D. lungs | Carbaminohemoglobin About 20 percent of carbon dioxide is bound by hemoglobin and is transported to the lungs. Carbon dioxide does not bind to iron as oxygen does; instead, carbon dioxide binds amino acid moieties on the globin portions of hemoglobin to form carbaminohemoglobin, which forms when hemoglobin and carbon d... | D: lungs. |
Which outermost secondary xylem layers transport water?
Here are the choices:
A. the narrowest
B. the oldest
C. the youngest
D. the farthest | C: the youngest. | |
What did volcanic gases help to form on earth?
Here are the choices:
A. rocks
B. water
C. plants
D. atmosphere | When Earth first formed, it was a fiery hot, barren ball. It had no oceans or atmosphere. Rivers of melted rock flowed over its surface. Gradually, the planet cooled and formed a solid crust. Gases from volcanoes formed an atmosphere, although it contained only a trace of oxygen. As the planet continued to cool, clouds... | D: atmosphere. |
What is formed when the ceiling of an underground cave collapses?
Here are the choices:
A. mountain
B. sinkhole
C. hill
D. groundwater | As erosion by groundwater continues, the ceiling of a cave may collapse. The rock and soil above it sink into the ground. This forms a sinkhole on the surface. You can see an example of a sinkhole in Figure below . Some sinkholes are big enough to swallow vehicles and buildings. | B: sinkhole. |
What type of muscle makes up most of the heart?
Here are the choices:
A. cardiac muscle
B. chest muscles
C. heart muscle
D. respiratory muscle | The heart is a muscular organ in the chest that consists mainly of cardiac muscle. It pumps blood through blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions. Blood flows through four chambers of the heart when it beats. Heartbeat is controlled by electrical signals from special cells within the heart called the pacemaker... | A: cardiac muscle. |
What measures the amount of water in the air?
Here are the choices:
A. fire index
B. cloud cover
C. humidity
D. temperature | Humidity is the amount of water in the air. Air with a high concentration of water will be called humid. Moving away from the most humid climate, biomes will be called semi-humid, semi-arid, or arid (the driest). | C: humidity. |
Most terrestrial vertebrates have what type of lungs?
Here are the choices:
A. external
B. extra
C. mechanical
D. internal | D: internal. | |
What process joins two haploid gametes into a diploid zygote?
Here are the choices:
A. migration
B. embryo
C. fusion
D. fertilization | Fertilization joins two haploid gametes into a diploid zygote. | D: fertilization. |
Planets are held by the force of gravity in elliptical orbits around what?
Here are the choices:
A. earth
B. sun
C. mars
D. jupitor | Planets are held by the force of gravity in elliptical orbits around the Sun. | B: sun. |
What is the fastest land animal?
Here are the choices:
A. greyhound
B. cheetah
C. ostrich
D. rhino | Mammals are noted for the many ways they can move. Some mammals are well known for their speed. The fastest land animal is a mammal, the cheetah. It can race at speeds of up to 112 kilometers (70 miles) per hour. | B: cheetah. |
What is the process by which the remains of living things become fossils?
Here are the choices:
A. sublimation
B. fossilization
C. petrification
D. decomposition | The process by which remains or traces of living things become fossils is called fossilization . Most fossils are preserved in sedimentary rocks. | B: fossilization. |
Meters, such as those in analog fuel gauges on a car, are a common application of magnetic torque on a current-carrying what?
Here are the choices:
A. loop
B. dial
C. circuit
D. arc | Meters, such as those in analog fuel gauges on a car, are another common application of magnetic torque on a current-carrying loop. Figure 22.37 shows that a meter is very similar in construction to a motor. The meter in the figure has its magnets shaped to limit the effect of θ by making B perpendicular to the loop ov... | A: loop. |
What causes reduction of elasticity in all organs?
Here are the choices:
A. low vitamin D
B. radiation
C. weight gain
D. age | Unlike bones and tendons, which need to be strong as well as elastic, the arteries and lungs need to be very stretchable. The elastic properties of the arteries are essential for blood flow. The pressure in the arteries increases and arterial walls stretch when the blood is pumped out of the heart. When the aortic valv... | D: age. |
How many protons and electrons each do carbon atoms have?
Here are the choices:
A. nine
B. two
C. six
D. five | Consider carbon as an example. Carbon atoms have six protons. They also have six electrons. All carbon atoms are the same whether they are found in a lump of coal or a teaspoon of table sugar ( Figure below ). On the other hand, carbon atoms are different from the atoms of hydrogen, which are also found in coal and sug... | C: six. |
What thickens the cortex around the inner edge of a cell?
Here are the choices:
A. microfilaments
B. vacuoles
C. mitochondria
D. plasma membrane | Figure 4.22 Microfilaments thicken the cortex around the inner edge of a cell; like rubber bands, they resist tension. Microtubules are found in the interior of the cell where they maintain cell shape by resisting compressive forces. Intermediate filaments are found throughout the cell and hold organelles in place. | A: microfilaments. |
What value of dissolved substances is higher than that of their corresponding precipitate?
Here are the choices:
A. ordiny
B. binary
C. entropy
D. negentropy | Dissolved substances have a higher entropy value than their corresponding precipitate. | C: entropy. |
Is an acid lower or higher than 7 on the ph scale?
Here are the choices:
A. twice as much as 7
B. exactly 7
C. higher than 7
D. lower than 7 | A: The weakest acid on the scale is milk, which has a pH value between 6.5 and 6.8. The strongest base on the scale is liquid drain cleaner, which has a pH of 14. | D: lower than 7. |
Although what biochemicals circulate throughout the body and come into contact with many different cell types, they only affect cells that possess the necessary receptors?
Here are the choices:
A. Cells
B. enzymes
C. organs
D. hormones | How Hormones Work Hormones cause changes in target cells by binding to specific cell-surface or intracellular hormone receptors, molecules embedded in the cell membrane or floating in the cytoplasm with a binding site that matches a binding site on the hormone molecule. In this way, even though hormones circulate throu... | D: hormones. |
The right atrium receives all of the systemic venous return. most of the blood flows into either the superior vena cava or this?
Here are the choices:
A. identical vena cava
B. inferior vena cava
C. exterior vena cava
D. resulted vena cava | The right atrium receives all of the systemic venous return. Most of the blood flows into either the superior vena cava or inferior vena cava. If you draw an imaginary line at the level of the diaphragm, systemic venous circulation from above that line will generally flow into the superior vena cava; this includes bloo... | B: inferior vena cava. |
Tissue is made up of layers of tightly packed cells that line the surfaces of the body, such as skin.
Here are the choices:
A. epithelial tissue
B. neural tissue
C. resultant tissue
D. weak tissue | Epithelial tissue is made up of layers of tightly packed cells that line the surfaces of the body. Examples of epithelial tissue include the skin, the lining of the mouth and nose, and the lining of the digestive system. | A: epithelial tissue. |
Most lipid hormones are derived from what?
Here are the choices:
A. tissue
B. fat
C. cholesterol
D. protein | Lipid-Derived Hormones (or Lipid-soluble Hormones) Most lipid hormones are derived from cholesterol and thus are structurally similar to it, as illustrated in Figure 37.2. The primary class of lipid hormones in humans is the steroid hormones. Chemically, these hormones are usually ketones or alcohols; their chemical na... | C: cholesterol. |
A fact or question is only considered science if it has what property?
Here are the choices:
A. it is mineral
B. it is believable
C. it is testable
D. it is interesting | Note the word science in that last sentence. Earth Science is a science, or maybe it’s made up of a lot of sciences. But what is science? Most people think of science as a bunch of knowledge. And it is. But science is also a way of knowing things. It’s different from other ways of knowing because it is based on a metho... | C: it is testable. |
Which branch of science is the study of energy, matter, and their interactions?
Here are the choices:
A. geology
B. biology
C. physics
D. meteorology | Physics is the study of energy, matter, and their interactions. It is concerned with matter and energy at all levels—from the most fundamental particles of matter to the entire universe. | C: physics. |
What is the smallest unit capable of life known as?
Here are the choices:
A. a cell
B. organism
C. insect
D. living thing | It could easily be said that a cell is the fundamental unit of life, the smallest unit capable of life or the structural and functional unit necessary for life. But whatever it is, a cell is necessary for life. And as shown above, a cell may be filled with all sorts of structures, each with its own specific function. T... | A: a cell. |
Making associations between experiences is often a part of what activity?
Here are the choices:
A. learning
B. eating
C. sleeping
D. dying | A: learning. | |
The spectrum is made up of discrete lines representing transitions of the hydrogen electron between specific energy levels within what?
Here are the choices:
A. an element
B. the molecule
C. the atom
D. a rainbow | The emission spectrum of hydrogen is discontinuous. The spectrum is made up of discrete lines representing transitions of the hydrogen electron between specific energy levels within the atom. | C: the atom. |
In the field of biodiversity, "richness" and "abundance" are used to describe different what?
Here are the choices:
A. water sources
B. species
C. nutrients
D. densities | Biodiversity, Species Richness, and Relative Species Abundance Biodiversity describes a community’s biological complexity: it is measured by the number of different species (species richness) in a particular area and their relative abundance (species evenness). The area in question could be a habitat, a biome, or the e... | B: species. |
Nitrogen is an important macronutrient because it is part of nucleic acids and proteins. atmospheric nitrogen, which is the diatomic molecule n2, or dinitrogen, is the largest pool of nitrogen in these?
Here are the choices:
A. desert biomes
B. gas planets
C. aquatic ecosytems
D. terrestrial ecosystems | Nitrogen Fixation: Root and Bacteria Interactions Nitrogen is an important macronutrient because it is part of nucleic acids and proteins. Atmospheric nitrogen, which is the diatomic molecule N2, or dinitrogen, is the largest pool of nitrogen in terrestrial ecosystems. However, plants cannot take advantage of this nitr... | D: terrestrial ecosystems. |
What is the term for rotation of a bone toward the midline of the body?
Here are the choices:
A. interior rotation
B. visual rotation
C. medial rotation
D. lateral rotation | Rotational Movement Rotational movement is the movement of a bone as it rotates around its longitudinal axis. Rotation can be toward the midline of the body, which is referred to as medial rotation, or away from the midline of the body, which is referred to as lateral rotation. Movement of the head from side to side is... | C: medial rotation. |
What cause rabies, measles, diarrheal diseases, hepatitis, polio, and cold sores?
Here are the choices:
A. bacteria
B. parasites
C. viruses
D. contaminants | Viruses cause many human diseases. In addition to the diseases mentioned above, viruses cause rabies, measles, diarrheal diseases, hepatitis, polio, and cold sores (see Figure below ). Viral diseases range from mild to fatal. One way viruses cause disease is by causing host cells to burst open and die. Viruses may also... | C: viruses. |
What are the two methods in which mutations arise in dna?
Here are the choices:
A. induced or spontaneous
B. accelerated or random
C. accelerated or spontaneous
D. produced or spontaneous | Errors during DNA replication are not the only reason why mutations arise in DNA. Mutations, variations in the nucleotide sequence of a genome, can also occur because of damage to DNA. Such mutations may be of two types: induced or spontaneous. Induced mutations are those that result from an exposure to chemicals, UV r... | A: induced or spontaneous. |
Water follows where sodium ions lead, due to what process?
Here are the choices:
A. electrolysis
B. osmosis
C. absorption
D. hydration | Blood Pressure Regulation Due to osmosis, water follows where Na+ leads. Much of the water the kidneys recover from the forming urine follows the reabsorption of Na+. ADH stimulation of aquaporin channels allows for regulation of water recovery in the collecting ducts. Normally, all of the glucose is recovered, but los... | B: osmosis. |
What group of simple organisms recycles nutrients and has been on earth since long before multicellular life appeared?
Here are the choices:
A. bacteria
B. eukaryotes
C. protists
D. prokaryotes | 22.1 | Prokaryotic Diversity By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Describe the evolutionary history of prokaryotes • Discuss the distinguishing features of extremophiles • Explain why it is difficult to culture prokaryotes Prokaryotes are ubiquitous. They cover every imaginable surface where there is suff... | D: prokaryotes. |
What is the term for dry climate regions at higher altitudes that have short grasses and low bushes?
Here are the choices:
A. fringes
B. steppes
C. deserts
D. prairie | Other dry climates get a little more precipitation. They are called steppes . These regions have short grasses and low bushes (see Figure below ). Steppes occur at higher latitudes than deserts. They are dry because they are in continental interiors or rain shadows. | B: steppes. |
Changing the frequency of sound waves, will change the _________ of the sound of a musical instrument?
Here are the choices:
A. pitch
B. velocity
C. distance
D. direction | All musical instruments create sound by causing matter to vibrate. Most musical instruments use resonance to amplify sound waves and make sounds louder. Most musical instruments also have a way of changing the frequency of sound waves, which changes the pitch of the sounds. | A: pitch. |
What does the term porifera means?
Here are the choices:
A. pore - signifying
B. pore-clogging
C. poreless
D. pore-bearing | Sponges are aquatic invertebrates that make up the phylum Porifera. The word porifera means pore-bearing. The phylum is aptly named. As you can see from Figure below , a sponge has a porous body. There are at least 5,000 living species of sponges. Almost all of them inhabit the ocean, living mainly on coral reefs or th... | D: pore-bearing. |
What zone is the narrow strip along the coastline that is covered by water at high tide and exposed to air at low tide?
Here are the choices:
A. astrolabe zone
B. disturbance zone
C. aquifer zone
D. intertidal zone | The intertidal zone is the narrow strip along the coastline that is covered by water at high tide and exposed to air at low tide (see Figure below ). There are plenty of nutrients and sunlight in the intertidal zone. However, the water is constantly moving in and out, and the temperature keeps changing. These condition... | D: intertidal zone. |
Integral and peripheral proteins are associated with what fatty bilayer?
Here are the choices:
A. cartilage
B. protein
C. lipid
D. carbohydrate | Integral proteins span the lipid bilayer, while peripheral proteins associate with the surfaces of the lipid bilayer. aid in the movement of charged and polar species across the membrane. | C: lipid. |
What effect describes how earth’s rotation steers winds and surface ocean currents?
Here are the choices:
A. centripetal force
B. dorsalis
C. coriolis
D. Big Bang theory | The Coriolis effect describes how Earth’s rotation steers winds and surface ocean currents. Unlike land, air and water move freely (in the absence of obstacles). The Coriolis effect causes the path of a freely moving object to appear to curve. This is because Earth is rotating beneath the object. So even though the obj... | C: coriolis. |
What type of shape does sodium chloride have?
Here are the choices:
A. trianguler
B. oblong
C. cubic
D. round | Sodium chloride crystals are cubic in shape. Other ionic compounds may have crystals with different shapes. | C: cubic. |
In what form of matter is hydrogen at room temperature?
Here are the choices:
A. liquid
B. dissolved
C. solid
D. gas | A compound has different properties than the substances it contains. For example, hydrogen and oxygen are gases at room temperature. But when they combine chemically, they form liquid water. Another example is table salt, or sodium chloride. It contains sodium and chlorine. Sodium is a silvery solid that reacts explosi... | D: gas. |
What is the smallest contractile portion of a muscle?
Here are the choices:
A. capillary
B. filaments
C. cell
D. sarcomere | 10.3 Muscle Fiber Contraction and Relaxation A sarcomere is the smallest contractile portion of a muscle. Myofibrils are composed of thick and thin filaments. Thick filaments are composed of the protein myosin; thin filaments are composed of the protein actin. Troponin and tropomyosin are regulatory proteins. Muscle co... | D: sarcomere. |
Which is the fourth planet from the sun?
Here are the choices:
A. mars
B. mars
C. jupiter
D. earth | Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. The Red Planet is the first planet beyond Earth’s orbit. | A: mars. |
What type of sti is characterized by blisters?
Here are the choices:
A. syphilis
B. chlamydia
C. genital herpes
D. gonorrhea | Genital herpes is a common STI caused by a herpes virus. The virus causes painful blisters on the penis or near the vaginal opening. The blisters generally go away on their own, but they may return repeatedly throughout life. There is no cure for genital herpes, but medicines can help prevent or shorten outbreaks. | C: genital herpes. |
Radioactive isotopes are characterized by an unstable what?
Here are the choices:
A. shell
B. electrons
C. nuclei
D. proton | You may have seen this sign before—maybe in a hospital. The sign means there is danger of radiation in the area. Radiation consists of particles and energy that are given off by radioactive isotopes, which have unstable nuclei. But you don’t have to go to a hospital to be exposed to radiation. There is radiation in the... | C: nuclei. |
What exposure risk comes with aerobic respiration?
Here are the choices:
A. carbon toxicity
B. helium toxicity
C. oxygen toxicity
D. nitrogen toxicity | In summary, aerobic and anaerobic respiration each have advantages under specific conditions. Aerobic respiration produces far more ATP, but risks exposure to oxygen toxicity. Anaerobic respiration is less energy-efficient, but allows survival in habitats which lack oxygen. Within the human body, both are important to ... | C: oxygen toxicity. |
What are mammals called that reproduce by laying eggs?
Here are the choices:
A. Fish
B. marsupials
C. monotremes
D. amphibians | Only five living species of mammals are not therian mammals. They are called monotremes. Monotremes are mammals that reproduce by laying eggs. The only living monotreme species are the platypus and echidnas (see Figure below and Figure below ). They are found solely in Australia and New Guinea (an island not far from A... | C: monotremes. |
In multicellular organisms, only mutations in cell lines that produce gametes can be passed to what?
Here are the choices:
A. proteins
B. clones
C. offspring
D. cells | C: offspring. | |
What type of invertebrates are jellyfish and corals known as?
Here are the choices:
A. sponges
B. nautilus
C. cnidarians
D. cephalopods | Cnidarians are invertebrates such as jellyfish and corals. They belong to Phylum Cnidaria. All cnidarians are aquatic. Most of them live in the ocean. Cnidarians are a little more complex than sponges. Besides specialized cells, they have tissues and radial symmetry. There are more than 10,000 cnidarian species, see Fi... | C: cnidarians. |
Living things are highly organized following a hierarchy that includes atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. organisms, in turn, are grouped as populations, communities, ecosystems, and this?
Here are the choices:
A. biosphere
B. bionicsphere
C. endosphere
D. hydrosphere | CHAPTER SUMMARY 1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology Biology is the science of life. All living organisms share several key properties such as order, sensitivity or response to stimuli, reproduction, adaptation, growth and development, regulation, homeostasis, and energy processing. Living things are highly organized fol... | A: biosphere. |
Carbonic acid can dissociate into hydrogen carbonate ions and what?
Here are the choices:
A. atoms
B. protons
C. protons
D. electrons | Carbon dioxide is slightly soluble in water. There is an equilibrium reaction that occurs as the carbon dioxide reacts with the water to form carbonic acid (H2CO3). Since carbonic acid is a weak acid, it can dissociate into protons (H+) and hydrogen carbonate ions (HCO 3 −). | B: protons. |
Respiration cycles the organic carbon into which gas?
Here are the choices:
A. oxygen
B. carbon dioxide
C. phosphorus dioxide
D. liquid dioxide | Figure 46.15 Carbon dioxide gas exists in the atmosphere and is dissolved in water. Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide gas to organic carbon, and respiration cycles the organic carbon back into carbon dioxide gas. Long-term storage of organic carbon occurs when matter from living organisms is buried deep undergroun... | B: carbon dioxide. |
What type of bonds between the bases at the center of the dna double helix hold the helix together?
Here are the choices:
A. electron bonds
B. ionic bonds
C. hydrogen bonds
D. helium bonds | DNA’s three-dimensional structure is a double helix. The hydrogen bonds between the bases at the center of the helix hold the helix together. | C: hydrogen bonds. |
What are changes in makeup and chemical properties of matter called?
Here are the choices:
A. carbonate changes
B. mineral changes
C. radical changes
D. chemical changes | Chemical changes are changes in the makeup and chemical properties of matter. An example of a chemical change is wood burning. | D: chemical changes. |
Mammals generate heat primarily by maintaining a high rate of what?
Here are the choices:
A. respiration
B. movement
C. metabolism
D. reproduction | Mammals generate heat mainly by keeping their metabolic rate high. The cells of mammals have many more mitochondria than the cells of other animals. The extra mitochondria generate enough energy to keep the rate of metabolism high. Mammals can also generate little bursts of heat by shivering. Shivering occurs when many... | C: metabolism. |
The fossil record indicates that anthropoids began diverging from other primates about how many million years ago?
Here are the choices:
A. 40
B. 50
C. 60
D. 70 | B: 50. | |
What is the oxygen carrying component of red blood cells called?
Here are the choices:
A. hemoglobin
B. platlet
C. molecule
D. mitochondria | In practice, chemical research is often not limited to just one of the five major disciplines. A particular chemist may use biochemistry to isolate a particular chemical found in the human body such as hemoglobin, the oxygen carrying component of red blood cells. He or she may then proceed to analyze the hemoglobin usi... | A: hemoglobin. |
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