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Julia Ota (years of birth and death unknown) was a Korean woman who had been forced to come to Japan from the suburbs of Pyongyang on the Korean Peninsula during the Bunroku-Keicho War (1592-1653).	ジュリア・おたあ（生没年不明）は、文禄・慶長の役（1592年 - 1653年）で朝鮮半島の平壌近郊から日本に連行されてきた朝鮮人の女性。
Although there are theories about her being a daughter of Korean parents who were killed in the war or killed themselves in the maelstrom of the war or a daughter of aristocrats of Yi Dynasty Korea who were captured as hostages in the war, nothing about her birth date, real name and family lineage is known. Ota' was her Japanese name and 'Julia' was her Christian name.	戦乱の中で戦死または自害した朝鮮人の娘とも、あるいは人質として捕虜となった李氏朝鮮貴族の娘とも言われるが、生年月日や実名・家系などの詳細は一切不明である。「おたあ」は日本名、「ジュリア」は洗礼名を示す。
Although Ota's death is not known in detail, a local historian named Hikoichiro YAMASHITA, living in Kozu-shima Island, claimed in the 1950's that a tower erected for the repose of dead people's souls in Kozu-shima Island, the history of which had not been known, was actually Ota's tomb.	おたあの最期についての詳細は不明であるが、1950年代に神津島の郷土史家・山下彦一郎なる人物により、神津島にある由来不明の供養塔がおたあの墓であると主張された。
She is said to have had a lantern prepared for her when she was in Sunpu-ho Castle and have had meditated beside it.	駿府時代には灯篭を作らせ瞑想していたと言い伝えられている。
The 'Kirishitan lantern' is currently kept in Hodai-in Temple.	その「キリシタン灯篭」は、現在は宝台院に移されている。
Imperial Prince Morikuni (June 27, 1301- October 3, 1333) was the ninth seii taishogun (literally, "great general who subdues the barbarians") of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and he was the last shogun of the Kamakura bakufu.	守邦親王（もりくにしんのう、正安3年5月12日 (旧暦)（1301年6月19日） - 正慶2年/元弘3年8月16日 (旧暦)（1333年9月25日））は、鎌倉幕府9代征夷大将軍で、鎌倉幕府最後の将軍である。
He was born to the eighth shogun, Imperial Prince Hisaaki and the daughter of the seventh shogun, Imperial Prince Koreyasu.	8代将軍久明親王と、7代将軍惟康親王の娘の子として生れる。
In August 1308, he assumed the post of seii taishogun at the age of merely eight. It was the Hojo clan (mainly the Tokuso family), a Shikken (shogunal regent) who took the real control of the bakufu then; the Shogun of Kamakura bakufu was just nominal.	延慶 (日本)元年（1308年）8月、父の久明親王に代わってわずか8歳で征夷大将軍に就任した。当時幕府の実権は執権の北条氏（中心は得宗家）が握っており、鎌倉将軍は名目的な存在に過ぎなかった。
When a movement to topple the Kamakura bakufu by Emperor Godaigo in 1333 took place, Kamakura fell after attacks by Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA and Yoshisada NITTA. Eventually, the Kamakura bakufu was overthrown.	元弘3年（1333年）、後醍醐天皇による鎌倉幕府打倒運動が起きると、鎌倉は足利義詮や新田義貞の攻撃により陥落。結果、鎌倉幕府は滅亡する。
Imperial Prince Morikuni resigned as shogun, and became a priest; he passed away in Kamakura during the same year.	守邦親王は将軍職を辞して出家し、同年鎌倉で薨去した。
Chronology of government posts and ranks Dates follow the lunar calendar. On August 10, 1308, he was proclaimed seii taishogun. He was sometimes referred to as Morikuni-o. In October, he became an imperial prince. He was appointed to Sanbon (the third rank of the Imperial Prince's ranks). He was sometimes referred to as Imperial Prince Morikuni.	官職位階履歴 ※日付＝旧暦延慶 (日本)元年（1308年）8月10日、征夷大将軍宣下。時に、守邦王。 10月、立親王。三品に叙せらる。時に、守邦親王。
On April 19, 1317, he was appointed to Nihon (the second court rank for Imperial Princes).	文保元年（1317年）4月19日、二品。
On May 22, 1333, he resigned as seii taishogun. He became a priest.	元弘3年（1333年）5月22日、征夷大将軍辞職。出家。
Major facilities along the street	沿道の主な施設
Yoichi USHIHARA (March 25, 1924 – February 7,1977) was a movie director in the Showa period.	牛原陽一（うしはらよういち、1924年3月25日 - 1977年2月7日）は昭和期の映画監督。
He was born in Kumamoto City as the first son of the movie director, Kiyohiko USHIHARA. After graduating from the Faculty of Economics, Keio University, he entered Kadokawa Movies Tokyo Studios, Assistant Director Section in 1947. He was an assistant for Koji SHIMA and Keigo KIMURA, but transferred to Nikkatsu in 1954.	熊本市に映画監督、牛原虚彦の長男として生まれる。慶應義塾大学経済学部卒業後、1947年角川映画東京撮影所助監督部へ入社する。島耕二、木村恵吾監督らにつくが、1954年日活に移る。
After being an assistant for director Tomotaka TASAKA and others, he made his debut as a director in "Yaro and Ogon" (Guys and Gold) in 1958. After that, he was one of the directors supporting the golden age of Nikkatsu action movies, with movies starring Yujiro ISHIHARA and Akira KOBAYASHI.	田坂具隆監督らについた後、1958年、『野郎と黄金』で監督デビューする。以後、日活アクション映画黄金時代を支える監督の一人として石原裕次郎、小林旭主演作などを発表する。
After retiring from Nikkatsu in 1966, he produced overseas PR movies for JETRO and won the silver prize at the New York International Short Film Festival with "Great Buddha" in 1968.	1966年に日活を退社し、ジェトロなどの海外版ＰＲ映画の製作に携わり、1968年の『Great Buddha』は「ニューヨーク国際短編映画祭」で銀賞を受賞した。
The actress, Chie USHIHARA, is his biological daughter.	俳優の牛原千恵は実子。
Career of job grace	官職位階履歴
1824, was conferred and appointed as Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grace), Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) Sakonoe gon no shosho (Provisional Minor Captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards) and Shoshiinoge (Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) Ukonoe no Gon no chujo (Provisional Middle Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards).	1824年（文政7年）　従五位下、従四位下左近衛権少将、正四位下右近衛権中将
1825, was conferred Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank).	1825年（文政8年）　従三位
1827, was conferred Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank).	1827年（文政10年）　正三位
1828, was appointed as Gon chunagon (Provisional Middle Councilor).	1828年（文政11年）　権中納言
1831, was appointed as Gon Dainagon (Provisional Major Councilor).	1831年（天保2年）　権大納言
1832, was conferred Junii (Junior Second Rank).	1832年（天保3年）　従二位
1838, was conferred Shonii (Senior Second Rank).	1838年（天保9年）　正二位
1859, was appointed as Naidaijin (Minister of the Interior).	1859年（安政6年）　内大臣
1862, was conferred as Juichii (Junior First Rank) and appointed as Udaijin (Minister of the Right).	1862年（文久2年）　従一位右大臣
1863, was appointed as Sadaijin (Minister of the Left).	1863年（文久3年）　左大臣
1864, was appointed as Kanpaku (chief advisor to the Emperor) and Toshi Choja (head of the Fujiwara clan).	1864年（文久4年）　関白、藤氏長者
1867, resigned from the post of Sadaijin and was appointed Sessho (regent).	1867年（慶応3年）　左大臣を辞す、摂政
The Nakanomikado family The Nakanomikado family was court nobility of Kajuji-ryu (the Kajuji lineage) of the northern House of the Fujiwara clan. Noble family with the rank of marquess Described in the main section.	中御門家中御門家（なかのみかどけ）は、藤原北家勧修寺流の公家。名家 (公家)、侯爵。本項にて解説。
The family originated with Tsunetsugu NAKAMIKADO, the fourth son of Tsunetoshi KAJUJI (Tsunetoshi YOSHIDA), in the mid-Kamakura period.	鎌倉時代中期、勧修寺経俊（吉田経俊）の四男、中御門経継により創設される。
Besides the Yoshiokaryu-school, the Kuramaryu-school, Nakajoryu-school and some others are said to originate from the Kyohachiryu-school, but it does not go beyond being a legendary school of swordsmanship and there are doubts as to whether it actually existed.	吉岡流の他、鞍馬流、中条流などが京八流に源流を持つとされるが、あくまで伝説上の剣術であり、実在が疑問視されている。
The school being 'the origin of swordsmanship' and 'its founder being Hogen KIICHI' are part of popular legends and numerous fictional accounts and comics have been written based on them.	「剣術の源流」「始祖が鬼一法眼」という伝承そのものはポピュラーで、現代に至るまでさまざまな文学作品や漫画作品などの設定に用いられている。
AKISHINO no Yasuhito (754 - March 17, 821) was a nobleman who lived in Nara and Heian periods. Yasuhito's father was HAJI no Chimura (HAJI no Uji).	秋篠安人（あきしののやすひと、天平勝宝6年（754年） - 弘仁12年2月10日 (旧暦)（821年3月17日））は奈良時代から平安時代にかけての貴族。父は土師千村（土師宇遅）。
FUJIWARA no Munetada (year of birth and death unknown) was a court noble during the mid Heian period. He was the son of FUJIWARA no Motokata, who was a Dainagon (chief councilor of state). He held the rank of Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade).	藤原致忠（ふじわらのむねただ、生没年未詳）は、平安時代中期の貴族。大納言藤原元方の子。従四位下。
Nara Hotel is an old established hotel which is located in Takabatake Town, Nara City, Nara Prefecture and opened in October, 1909.	奈良ホテル（ならホテル）は奈良県奈良市高畑町にある、1909年（明治42年）10月に営業開始した老舗のホテルである。
Monto is a name one uses for comrades of the same sect. Particularly, it indicates the people who belong to the same school and share the same belief. It has also come to indicate the danto (supporters) belonging to a temple.	門徒（もんと）とは、一門のともがらのことを指す呼び方である。ことに同じ門流に属して信仰を共にする人びとのことを言う。後には一寺に属する檀徒のことを言うこともある。
Especially in Jodo Shinshu, it is general to call danto and believers 'monto,' but it's rare that one would refer to the danto of other Buddhist sects by that name. Consequently, 'Jodo Shinshu' is sometimes called Montoshu.	ことに浄土真宗の檀徒・信者を「門徒」と呼ぶことが一般的であり、他宗派の檀徒を門徒と呼ぶことは少ない。このことで、「浄土真宗」を門徒宗と呼ぶこともある。
Occasionally, the word is used with the names of regions, like calling the monto of XX region as 'XX monto.' (Examples: Mikawa no kuni monto (monto of Mikawa Province), Aki no kuni monto (monto of Aki Province, and so on)).	○○地方の門徒を「○○門徒」と、地域単位で用いられる場合もある。（例…三河国門徒・安芸国門徒など）
In the wasan (Japanese hymn) by Shinran ("Koso Wasan"): 'Always show monto.'	親鸞の和讃（『高僧和讃』）…「門徒につねにみせしめき」
In "Hoonkoshiki," by Kakunyo: 'Always talk to monto.'	覚如の『報恩講式』…「恒に門徒に語りて曰く」
In "Ofumi" (Gobunsho), by Rennyo: 'If believers decide to hold their beliefs, each and every one of the monto should go to the Pure Land.'	蓮如の『御文』（『御文章』）…「よく信心決定したまはば、その末末の門徒までも、ことごとく今度の一大事の往生をとぐべきなり」
URABE no Suetake (date of birth and death unknown) was a busho (Japanese military commander) who lived during the middle of the Heian Period. His official name was TAIRA no Suetake.	卜部季武（うらべのすえたけ、生没年不詳）は平安時代中期の武将。正式な名のりは平季武(たいら・の・すえたけ)。
He served MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu and was deemed a member of Yorimitsu shitenno (the four loyal retainers of Yorimitsu) headed by WATANABE no Tsuna. He is famous for the elimination of Shuten Doji of Oeyama (Mt. Oe) and his appearance in kagura (sacred music and dancing performed at shrine) (Noh song) 'Tsuchigumo,' 'Komochi Yamanba' and 'Takiyasha Hime.'	源頼光に仕え、渡辺綱を筆頭とする頼光四天王の一人とされる。大江山の酒呑童子退治や、神楽（謡曲）「土蜘蛛」「子持山姥」「滝夜叉姫」に登場することで有名。
Konjaku Monogatari Shu (The Tale of Times Now Past) In volume 27 - 43 of "Konjaku Monogatari Shu" (The Tale of Times Now Past), there is 'Tale of TAIRA no Suetake, who is a vassal of Yorimitsu, meeting ubume (women immediately after giving birth).'	今昔物語集『今昔物語集』巻27－43には、「頼光の郎等平季武、産女にあひし話」がある。
The term "Sechi-e" means official events held at the Japanese Imperial Court on the day of Sekku (seasonal festivals) etc. with the attendance of the Emperor and a large number of his subjects. Sechi-e were accompanied by banquets.	節会（せちえ）とは、日本の宮廷で節句（祝の日）などに天皇のもとに群臣を集めて行われた公式行事。饗宴を伴う。
The term "oyatsu" (おやつ), also written in katakana (one of the Japanese syllabaries) as オヤツ, refers to an afternoon snack that was originally eaten at yatsudoki (approximately 2 p.m.) according to the old Japanese way of counting time. It is also referred to as osanji (afternoon snack).	おやつ（片仮名でオヤツとも）とは、八つ時（午後2時頃）に食べる間食のことを指す。おさんじとも呼ばれる。
As an aside, there is the following joke or conventional expression: "Is a banana an oyatsu?" "No, it is not an oyatsu because it is a kind of fruit." This joke can be explained in connection with the fact that people eat mainly sweets as an oyatsu in modern times.	余録ではあるが、“ 『バナナはおやつですか？』・『バナナは果物なのでおやつではありません』 ”という冗談ないし決まり問答がある。これは、近代のおやつを菓子類が占めてきたことに関連付けて見ることが出来る。
If the terms "a light meal" and "oyatsu" are compared, oyatsu tends to be used for sweets, the flavor of which people enjoy. As there is a great variety of confectionery in modern times, there is also a tendency to enjoy its flavor first, and to relieve hunger with it until the next regular meal.	ただし軽食とおやつといった場合には、おやつの方はデザートなど風味を楽しむ傾向が強い。多種多様な菓子類の発達した現代では、とりあえず風味を楽しみながら次の食事を待つまでの間の空腹感を紛らわせる様子も見出せる。
Afternoon snacks eaten at about 3 p.m. There is a tendency to eat an afternoon snack generally at about 3 p. m. in Japan now.	3時のおやつ現在では一般に午後3時が日本では定着している傾向が見られる。
OKURA no Haruzane (dates of birth and death unknown) was a noble in the mid-Heian period (in the tenth century). His father was Minbu no jo (Senior Undersecretary of Popular Affairs) Tsunenao OKURA, and his mother was a daughter of Uhyoe no kami (Captain of the Right Division of Middle Palace Guards) FUJIWARA no Toshiyuki. His wife was a daughter of Sangi (Councilor) ONO no Yoshifuru.	大蔵春実（おおくらのはるざね、生没年不詳）は、平安時代中期10世紀頃の貴族。父は民部丞大蔵常直、母は右兵衛督藤原敏行の娘。妻は参議小野好古の娘。
His descendants settled in Kyushu and successively inherited the Daizu-fu 'post.'	子孫は九州に土着し、大宰府の｢府官｣を世襲する。
Kuchiko are the ovaries of sea cucumbers. They are also called "konoko".	くちこ（海鼠子、口子）は、ナマコの卵巣である。このことも呼ばれる。
Ryuson (706-June 9, 760) was a priest in the Nara period.	隆尊（りゅうそん、慶雲3年（706年） - 天平宝字4年4月18日 (旧暦)（760年6月9日）は、奈良時代の僧。
Tomoaki TAKIGAWA (dates of birth and death unknown) was a shogun's retainer in Edo period. His official rank was in Harima Province. He was Saburo Shiro TAKIGAWA's child. Among his clan was Kazumasu TAKIGAWA, who was a senior vassals of Nobunaga ODA and the shogun deputy for the Kanto region.	滝川具挙（たきがわ　ともあき、生没年不詳）とは、江戸時代の幕臣。官位は播磨国。滝川三郎四郎の子。一族には織田信長の重臣で関東管領滝川一益がいる。
After he served as a foreign magistrate and a magistrate of the Kyoto-cho, he assumed the position ofOmetsuke (chief inspector of the Edo shogunate) in 1864. He carried out a severe action for Tenguto no Ran (Rebellion of Tenguto).	外国奉行や京都町奉行を務めた後、1864年（元治元年）大目付に就任する。天狗党の乱には厳しい対処をする。
Thereafter, his news was unclear.	その後の消息はよく分かっていない。
Makiwara is a target for practicing kata (form) in kyudo or kyujutsu (Japanese art of archery). It is made by binding straw so that the arrow doesn't pierce it. Straws are bound in a way that doesn't damage the arrow and the makiwara is placed on a stand at a suitable height.	巻藁（まきわら）は、弓道、弓術における型の稽古用の的。藁を、長手方向に矢が突き抜けないようにしてある。且つ矢を傷めない程度の強さで束ね然るべき高さの台に乗せたもの。
Not only beginners but some accomplished archers perform makiwara practice in order to refamiliarize themselves and perfect their kata. Makiwara practice helps archers train their bodies as well as become familiar with bamboo bows by shooting arrows toward makiwara.	初心者でなくても的前に入る前に、体を慣らす為や型確認の為に巻藁練習を行う。体だけでなく、竹弓の場合は巻藁にかけて（巻藁で矢を放つ）弓を慣らす意味もある。
On the other hand, makiwara are not only used for practice or for beginners, but require some archery techniques based on manners and enbu (military exercises), including makiwara-jarei (a way of ceremonial shooting to aim at a straw target).	一方で必ずしも練習用、初心者用に限ったものではなく、「巻藁射礼」等、作法に乗っ取った礼法、演武もある。
He had his villa in current Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City, and had jibutsu-do hall (the nobility's private Buddha statue hall) within his villa and named Jimyoin, thus his descendants named themselves the Jimyoin family.	現在の京都市上京区に邸宅を構え、邸内に持仏堂を営んでこれを持明院と名付けたため、彼の子孫は持明院家を称している。
Located in Sakyo Ward in Kyoto City, Kyoto Concert Hall is dedicated to classical music concerts.	京都コンサートホール（きょうとこんさーとほーる）は、京都市左京区に位置するクラシック音楽コンサート専用のホール。
Genchi was a priest of Daian-ji Temple in the Nara period.	玄智（げんち）は、奈良時代の大安寺僧。
Daisenji engi (tales of the origin of Daisen-ji Temple) is: The engisho (historical records book) during the late Kamakura period. And the Engi Emaki (Illustrated handscroll of the history) during the early Muromachi period. Both of them were the lucky charms of Daisen-ji Temple in Aseri Country, Hoki Province (Tottori prefecture) (currently, Daisen-cho, Saihaku District, Tottori Prefecture).	大山寺縁起（だいせんじえんぎ）は鎌倉時代末期の縁起書室町時代前期の縁起絵巻いずれも伯耆国汗入郡大山寺 (鳥取県)（現・鳥取県西伯郡大山町）の縁起物である。
Daisenji Engi Emaki (Illustrated handscroll of the history of Daisen-ji Temple) It was finished in 1398 and consists of ten volumes in all and the author is Zenhozen Nyudo Ryoa. The original book was designated as an old national treasure in 1918, but in 1928 burnt by fire in Daisen-ji Temple.	大山寺縁起絵巻成立は応永5年（1398年）、作者は前豊前入道了阿（りょうあ）で全10巻で構成されている。原本は大正7年（1918年）に旧国宝に指定されたが、昭和3年（1928年）、大山寺での火災の際に焼失した。
Under such circumstances, his residence was destroyed completely in 1151 by the attack made by Yorinaga on the pretext of a squabble between their servants. Such impatient as well as nearsighted action by Yorinaga evoked the rage of the Retired Emperor Toba and this incident foreshadowed Yorinaga's downfall that led to the outbreak of Hogen War.	こうしたことを背景に、仁平元年（1151年）、従者同士の諍いを口実にした頼長に邸宅を襲撃され、散々に破壊されるという災難を蒙っている。この頼長の性急かつ短絡的行動は鳥羽法皇の激怒を買い、頼長の失脚とそれにつながる保元の乱勃発の伏線となった。
It is said that he was closely acquainted with TAIRA no Tadamori and TAIRA no Kiyomori, father and son, and Kiyomori often visited Ienari's residence in his youth. With the official marriage of Shigemori, the eldest son of Kiyomori, and a daughter of Ienari at the head of the list, both families were related by marriage several times.	平忠盛・平清盛父子との親交が深く、若年期の清盛は家成の邸宅に頻繁に出入りしていたと伝えられる。清盛の長男・重盛が正室に家成の娘を迎えたのを筆頭に、両家の間には何重にも姻戚関係が結ばれるに至っている。
He constructed a villa-cum-temple in Washio-cho, Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City while in life and was buried there after death. His descendant prospered as the Shijo family, one of the Urin family.	生前、現在の京都市東山区鷲尾町に山荘兼寺院を建立し、死後はそこに葬られた。また子孫は羽林家の一つ四条家として繁栄した。
Usayama-jo Castle was a yamajiro (a castle built atop a mountain to take advantage of the mountain's topography) constructed in the Medieval Period, and its ruins can be found near Nishikoori, Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture. It was located in a conspicuous location along the route to Kyoto on the western coast of Lake Biwa.	宇佐山城（うさやまじょう）は滋賀県大津市錦織に残る、中世の山城である。湖西周りで京に向かうには避けては通れない位置にあった。
Sukune was one of the kabane (hereditary titles) established by Yakusa no Kabane (the eight hereditary titles). It was placed as the third rank next to Mahito, Ason.	宿禰（すくね）は、八色の姓（やくさのかばね）で制定された、カバネ（かばね）の一つ。真人（まひと）、朝臣（あそん）についで3番目に位置する。
Sukune was given to the clans branched from a family of god such as Otomo clan, Saeki clan who mainly had the title of Muraji.	大伴氏、佐伯氏など主に連（むらじ）姓を持った神別氏族に与えられた。
It seemed that Sukune was used as a name such as NOMI no Sukune, ASHIDA no Sukune, TAKEUCHI no Sukune in the early Yamato Dynasty (the first century - the fourth century).	宿禰の語は、野見宿禰、葦田宿禰や武内宿禰のように、大和朝廷初期（1世紀～4世紀ごろ）では名前として使われていた様である。
Katsunoshin UMEDO (date of birth and death unknown) was a member of the Shinsengumi. His birthplace is unknown.	梅戸勝之進（うめどかつのしん、生没年不明）は、新選組隊士。出身地不明。
After that, he was never heard from again. It is considered that he had already died before the erection of the memorial monument of the Shinsengumi in 1876.	その後の消息は不明。新選組慰霊碑の建立された明治9年（1876年）以前に没したと思われる。
Kirishitan-ban (Christian editions) refers to a common name of printing in Roman characters, kanji (Chinese characters) or kana (the Japanese syllabary) which was published by the Society of Jesus mainly in Japan in the early modern period (from the end of the 16th century to the beginning of the 17th century).	キリシタン版（きりしたんばん）とは、近世初期（16世紀末-17世紀初め）に日本を中心にイエズス会によって刊行されたローマ字、あるいは漢字・仮名 (文字)による印刷の通称である。
Dan no Ura Yoru no Kassenki is the title of a Japanese classic pornographic novel. The story line revolves around a love affair between MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune and Kenreimonin, who threw herself into the sea and was rescued during the Battle of Dan no Ura.	壇ノ浦夜合戦記（だんのうらのよるかっせんき）は、日本の古典春本の一つである。壇ノ浦の合戦の際、入水するも救出された建礼門院と、源義経の情事を描いたもの。
It is suggested that Sanyo RAI was the author of this book, but there is a high likelihood that it was written by another person under the guise of Sanyo. The novel was originally written in Chinese.	頼山陽の作と言われているが、仮託の可能性が高い。元々は漢文で書かれた。
Summary During the Battle of Dan no Ura, TAIRA no Tokuko (Kenreimonin) was rescued against her will. To console Tokuko, Yoshitsune held a banquet giving a feast to his vassals and Tokuko's court ladies. After the banquet, Yoshitsune was alone with Tokuko and successfully began an affair with her using his charm.	概要壇ノ浦の合戦の際、心ならずも命長らえた平徳子。義経は徳子を慰めるべく酒宴を開き、家臣や女官たちに酒を振る舞う。その後、義経は徳子と二人きりになると、あの手この手を駆使して、情事に持ち込むことに成功する。
Tairo was the food supplied to Jicho (unpaid workers), Eji (guards) and Uneme (court ladies) working at the central government offices in the ancient Ritsuryo system. However, cloth and cotton as raw material for clothes were sometimes supplied. Sometimes called Koro.	大粮（たいろう）とは、古代律令制において、中央官司のもとで働く仕丁・衛士・采女らに支給した食料。ただし、衣料の材料として布・真綿が支給されることもある。公粮（こうろう）とも。
The income was rice, salt, cloth and cotton collected from Ritsuryo provinces as Soyocho (a tax system, corvee) and was supplied from the Minbusho (Ministry of Popular Affairs). However, with the deterioration of Soyocho, Nenryososhomai (tax payment in milled rice) became used.	財源は租庸調として令制国から徴収された米・塩・布・綿などであり、民部省より支給されることとなっていた。ただし、租庸調の崩壊に伴って、代わりに年料租舂米が用いられるようになった。
TAIRA no Yasuyori (c. 1146 - 1220) was a member of the noble class in the Heian period. He was a child of NAKAHARA no Yorisue who was Sadaishi (senior recorder of the left). He served in the posts of kebiishi (a police and judicial chief) and Emonfu (Headquarters of the Outer Palace Guards). He was also called Taira hangannyudo.	平康頼（たいらのやすより、久安2年（1146年）? - 承久2年（1220年））は、平安時代の貴族。左大史・中原頼季（なかはらのよりすえ）の子。検非違使兼衛門府。平判官入道と称された。
Jisho-ji Temple (a sub-temple of Shokoku-ji Temple) is located in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture and is associated with the typically Higashiyama Bunka Rinzai sect Shokoku-ji School.	慈照寺（じしょうじ）は、京都府京都市左京区にある、東山文化を代表する臨済宗相国寺派の寺院（相国寺の境外塔頭）。
The multistoried Kannonden Hall constructed by Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA is popularly known as 'Ginkaku' (Silver Pavilion) and the entire temple complex, of which the Kannonden Hall is part, is commonly known as 'Ginkaku-ji Temple.' This common name is the one used is modern guidebooks of famous sites.	足利義政が造営した楼閣建築である観音殿を「銀閣」と通称し、観音殿を含めた寺院全体を「銀閣寺」と通称している。この通称名は近世の名所案内記などですでに使用されている。
The Rokuon-ji Temple Shariden Hall (reliquary hall), commonly known as Kinkaku (Golden Pavilion), is covered in gold leaf but the Jisho-ji Kannonden Hall, commonly known as Ginkaku (Silver Pavilion), is not covered in silver and is thought to have been entirely coated in lacquer.	なお、金閣と通称される鹿苑寺舎利殿には金箔が貼り付けられているのに対し、銀閣と通称される慈照寺観音殿には銀は使用されていないが、全体に漆が塗られていたと考えられている。
A planned two-year restoration program began in February 2008 and it is currently not possible to see Ginkaku itself.	平成20年2月から2年間の予定で修理中であり、銀閣そのものは見られない。
(As of May 2008, it is possible to see the frame and a sample of the roof.)	（平成20年5月現在、骨組みと、屋根の見本は見られる）
Kyoto Prefecture can be divided into three provinces, that is, Tango, Tanba (including a part of present Hyogo Prefecture), and Yamashiro, by former province system, however, the southern region of Kyoto Prefecture has roughly five definitions as follows.	京都府は旧国制度で丹後国、丹波国（一部兵庫県を含む）、山城国の3つに分けられるがその中で京都府南部地域（きょうとふなんぶちいき）とは大まかに、次の5つの定義がなされる場合が多い。
2. Among the definition 1, area of the Yodo-gawa water system (which water could end up in Osaka Bay through the Yodo-gawa River) which includes Nantan City (excluding former Miyama Town, Kyoto Prefecture), Kameoka City, Kyoto City, Muko City, Nagaokakyo City, Otokuni County, Uji City, Joyo City, Kuse County, Yawata City, Kyotanabe City, Tsuzuki County and Sora County.	1のうち淀川水系（水を流せば淀川を通じ大阪湾に流れる地域）の南丹市（旧美山町 (京都府)を除く）、亀岡市、京都市、向日市、長岡京市、乙訓郡、宇治市、城陽市、久世郡、八幡市、京田辺市、綴喜郡、相楽郡。
3．Yamashiro Province, which includes Kyoto City (excluding former Keihoku Town), Muko City, Nagaokakyo City, Otokuni County, Uji City, Joyo City, Kuse County, Yawata City, Kyotanabe City, Tsuzuki County and Sora County among the region in Definition 2.	山城国：2のうち京都市（旧京北町を除く）、向日市、長岡京市、乙訓郡、宇治市、城陽市、久世郡、八幡市、京田辺市、綴喜郡、相楽郡
Onogoro-jima Island (also called Onokoro-jima Island) is an island appearing in a Japanese myth. This island is where Izanagi and Izanami's giving birth to lands and gods took place. Onogoro-jima Island is written in Chinese characters as 淤能碁呂島 in "Kojiki" (Records of Ancient Matters), and 磤馭慮島 in "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan).	オノゴロ島（オノコロ島とも）とは、日本神話に登場する島。イザナギ・イザナミの国産み・神産みの舞台となる島である。『古事記』では淤能碁呂島（おのごろじま）、『日本書紀』では磤馭慮島（おのころじま、初字は「石殷」で一字）と表記する。
The two gods got off the Onogoro-jima Island and built Ame no mi hashira (heavenly pillar) to give birth to islands and gods.	二神はオノゴロ島に降り立ち、そこに天御柱（あめのみはしら）を建て、島々や神々を生み出した。
It is general to interpret 'Onogoro-jima Island' to mean 'island that took form on its own.' However, there is another theory saying that the word is derived from the imitative sound, 'koworo koworo,' made when they stirred the world under heaven with Ame no nuboko spear.	「オノゴロ島」は、「自ら凝り固まった島」の意とするのが一般的である。しかし、天沼矛でかき混ぜた時の「こをろこをろ」という擬音が語源であるとする説もある。
Onogoro-jima Island is widely considered to be an imaginary island, but it is a real island in a theory. The basis for it is the following poem, composed by the Emperor Nintoku in the "Kojiki."	オノゴロ島は一般には架空の島と考えられているが、実在する島だとする説もある。『古事記』にある仁徳天皇が詠んだ以下の歌がその根拠とされている。
The followings are islands that have been regarded as the Onogoro-jima Island:	オノゴロ島だとされている島を以下に挙げる。
Nushima Island, located in the Kii Channel. Okinoshima Island, among the Tomogashima Islands in the Kitan Strait. Awaji-shima Island Nishijima Island, located in the Sea of Harima Nokonoshima Island Oronoshima Island Iki Island In the Awaji-shima Island, there is the Onokorojima-jinja Shrine in Minamiawaji City, and also the Izanagi-jingu Shrine, which is worshipped the two gods, in Awaji City.	紀伊水道の沼島（ぬしま）紀淡海峡の友ヶ島の中の沖ノ島淡路島播磨灘の西島能古島小呂島壱岐淡路島の南あわじ市には自凝島神社があり、また、淡路市には二神を祀る伊弉諾神宮がある。
Japanese Envoys to Tamna was dispatched to Tamna from Japan (Wakoku).	遣耽羅使（けんたんらし）とは、日本（倭国）が耽羅に派遣した使節である。
The Kyoto Prize in the category of Basic Sciences is a prize awarded to an scientist for outstanding achievements in his or her respective field. The fields covered by this category include the four fields of "Biological Sciences," "Mathematical Sciences," "Earth and Planetary Sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics," and "Life Sciences."	京都賞基礎科学部門（きょうとしょうきそかがくぶもん）は、京都賞の一部門であり、優れた業績を上げた科学者に与えられる賞である。受賞対象分野は、生物科学、数理科学、地球科学・宇宙科学、生命科学である。

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