question stringlengths 0 2.44k | prompt listlengths 1 1 | ground_truth stringlengths 0 8.31k | category stringclasses 12
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What happens to pacemakers, iron hips, and other implants in the cremation process? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Silicone implants are often removed before cremation because they get sticky, and you don't want to hand over a ball of goopy ashes. Pacemakers contain lithium batteries which can explode so they are removed before cremation as well. Metal bits can be sifted out with an electromagnet after cremation if necessary. | Biology |
Will the electric signals my brain sends to my body get effected if i were to be surrounded by a very strong magnetic field? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Yes, but is has to be really powerful and change really fast [TMS]( URL_0 ) uses a really strong (2-3T) magnetic pulse to disrupt nerve impulses in the brain surface An MRI doesn't have the same effect even though it has the same field strength because stationary or slow moving magnetic fields don't induce currents as ... | Physics |
how do “smart” products save on electricity bills if they are always on? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The amount that these devices consume for the purposes of waiting for a signal is very small. The idea is that the amount of energy saved by the primary utility of the device (the light bulb, or the device plugged into the smart plug) being on less because the smart circuitry turns it on and off as needed far exceeds t... | Technology |
How come cement gets dry on both cold and hot temperatures asap? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because it’s not “drying”, it’s setting. Concrete doesn’t harden by water evaporating, it hardens by the water causing the cement to form crystals that bond everything together. If you’re pouring concrete on a hot, dry day you need to cover it with plastic so it doesn’t dry out before setting. And you can’t pour it in ... | Chemistry |
How is it that in most species the male:female ratio is roughly around 50/50? How does nature "know" to "choose" what becomes male and what female to get that ratio? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Ok, so some people have answered this question explaining the biological mechanism that creates a 50/50 gender split but haven't elaborated on WHY that mechanism exists in the first place. Why is the ratio 50/50 as opposed to being biased towards one or the other? The answer is simple. A 50/50 gender ratio split is an ... | Biology |
If humans manufacture currency, why can't we manufacture more money and hand it out to the less fortunate /lower class? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Without something backing it, money is just paper. Economies are massive in scale, but not infinite. Each bank note is essentially a portion of a government's wealth. Printing more money, but not generating more wealth is simply dividing that wealth further among currently circulating notes, not creating more. Hyperinf... | Economics |
How does the inverse square law tell us how far away a star is? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | If you know the brightness of a star, then you can figure out how much the light dims because of the square of the distance. Problem is that stars can have different brightness levels, so the measurement is very inaccurate. The only things that have the same brightness always are [type 1a supernovas]( URL_0 ), and find... | Mathematics |
What is the IS Budget Deficit? Not the number it is right now, the actual definition of the term. Thanks. | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You get £10 pocket money and make a budget to spend £8 of it then you have a _budget surplus_ of £2 - so £2 left over. If instead you budget to spend £13 then you have a _budget deficit_ of £3. You are £3 short of your income. The extra £3 comes by you borrowing money from investors, the population, foreign countries- ... | Economics |
How does Google Search find out thousands of results from the entire web in an instant, while my fairly large Excel spreadsheet can take a good few seconds to find a particular cell value? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Google does a LOT of indexing and caching. Indexing is where they categorize pages based on keywords, popularity, credibility and a bunch of other signals, and they search the index for results that fit your search criteria, rather than searching each page when you request a search. Caching is when they store frequentl... | Technology |
How some traits (like the ducks reproductive system) get passed on to the next generation, even though it shouldn't have any benefits for survival? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Duck reproductive systems do have a benefit if it is to prevent unwanted mating. Making it harder to mate with females, makes it so females that have with that trait only mate with the best males. The females that mated with the best males have the strongest children, and their traits get passed on over females that we... | Biology |
What does "Splenda (Sucralose) is 600 times sweeter than Sugar (Sucrose)" actually mean? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Sucralose *is* perceptually 600 times sweeter than sucrose. Or rather the way it is tested, only 1/600th is required to reach the same detectable sweetness as sucrose. But, they don't put **pure** sucralose in Splenda packets because otherwise a single packet would be similar to putting 600 packets of sugar into someon... | Chemistry |
what caused tectonic plates to begin with? do other planets have plates too/are there exceptions? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The earth generates heat and that heat causes convection currents which move the plates. We know of no other planet where this happens. One theory is that the collision of Thea with the earth took away a lot if the crust. Because of this Earth has a much thinner crust, and so is able to have tectonic movement. | Physics |
How do college credits work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Where I went to college you get credits for passing classes. You need a certain number to graduate. After you pick a major or minor you need to complete certain required courses for the major and then a certain number of credits in whatever classes you want within the discipline. So for example for my CS degree I had t... | Other |
What does a Logarithmic Graph show you numerically? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | On a regular linear graph an exponential trend will quickly run out of resolution and/or room. It will become so vertical so quickly that you will be unable to discern any larger trends because it will just look like a almost-vertical line forever and ever. So you would use a logarithmic graph in those kind of cases, w... | Mathematics |
What is a travel router and how does it work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | As someone that has used these here are the scenarios for where I bring my own router and its configuration: Configuration: * The Router can connect to an available WiFi network or connect to a wired network. * It then makes a VPN connection back to my office * It then provides its own private "to me" wifi network and/... | Technology |
Are radiators really the most efficient central heating option out there? How is running steam through metal and having it radiate/convect an entire room the most viable option we have? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | All heaters are in the 90-100% efficiency range from an energy perspective because usually you consider the waste energy to be heat. So the actual question is which one is more expensive for your use case. This depends on gas/electricity costs, and how big a building you want to heat. The losses in these systems are ho... | Technology |
How could scientists confirm life exists on another planet "very soon"? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | If they detect certain gases in significant amounts (specifically methane and oxygen) this would be **very** suggestive of organic chemistry. These gases don't tend to stick around before turning into something else so their presence would suggest an active process that is creating them. There are some non-organic proc... | Technology |
Why does microwaving a lit candle create plasma? (Do not try at home) | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Not a scientist, physics major, or anyone who's explanation should be taken seriously, but I did a little reading on it. Sounds like plasma is just free moving charged particles, either negatively or positively. You can make plasma by heating a gas. So basically the microwaves start knocking the crap out of all the par... | Physics |
Why can negative emotions such as depression linger for years or a lifetimes but positive emotions (such as the honeymoon phase) seem to fade? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I'd say the premise of the question is legitimate, but maybe just not posed in the most fitting manner, such as the ends of the emotional spectrum being exaggerated for point making but resulted in a loss of relativity. Simplified, the question would read, "Why does human memory tend to recall or focus on negative emot... | Other |
Why are we more prone to nightmares when we're sick? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Temperature affects the way our brains work, and fever can produce waking hallucinations and vivid imagery as well as nightmares. Some people find that too much spicy food leads to nightmares, and this may also be because it raises the body temperature. Our temperature varies throughout the day, and is especially low j... | Biology |
If all carbohydrates get broken down to their most simple form, sugar, why is it unhealthy to just eat tablespoons of sugar? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Most of the dangers come from the glycemic response to these various foods. Pure sugar with nothing to slow the absorption rate will spike your blood sugar. This causes your pancreas to release Insulin to counteract that spike, which in turn reduces your blood sugar below normal levels, so your body releases glucose in... | Biology |
So I live in the UK and today where I live, there isnt a cloud in the sky and its really sunny but only warm, why isnt it really hot? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The answer is simple - today, there's a north wind. That means the wind is bringing in air from the polar region, where it's cold, even in summer. In fact, the wind today has a slight north-easterly component, which means it's bringing a Siberian airmass towards the UK. In order to get hot weather in the UK in summer, ... | Other |
why do we hate the sound of our own voices when we hear it on a recording? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Yes it’s literally just that. The voice we hear in the confines of our own skulls is different than the voice that gets projected out of our mouths. So when it gets recorded, we pick up on things we normally never hear ourselves do. The most common difference is that your voice sounds higher pitched over recording, bot... | Other |
If I shake Honey Bunches of Oats, will it unmix over time? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | because of particle size. the sugar and crumbs are the smallest particles. and in an upright bag, they will settle to the bottom during agitation. separating by density is true for liquids/gasses that do not emulsify at equilibrium, like oil and water. air/hydrogen. it is not true for solids. because if i put lead on t... | Physics |
Can a group of people influence the production rate of an economy by consuming less? How big does the group need to be? What factors need to be considered? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Every consumer influences the economy in some way. If you eat one less chocolate bar it reduces the chocolate bar market by one. So the question of how many people you would need to convince in order to "have an impact" is just one. Now if your question is how much it would take to influence a particular company to do ... | Economics |
Why don’t we feel our nails growing? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | We feel things in general because evolution decided it was useful. For example, pain exists to alert you to things that cause damage. Evolutionarily speaking, there isn't much advantage in feeling your nails grow. Think about: what function would that sense serve? As a result, it never developed and you are blind to it... | Biology |
The Frequency Response of a linear system ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Well linear system is a system where output if proportional to input. So basically output is linear function of input. To make it easier to imagine, system is e.g. electric motor, input is applied voltage, response is your motor revolution per second. So if your electric motor was a linear system, two times bigger volt... | Physics |
How do ultra high speed cameras (such as the Phantom cameras) work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are some types of memory which can be filled up very fast, but like RAM in a PC, they are only temporary. So a high speed camera records a huge number of frames per second for a very short burst, then you need to transfer that data off the camera memory before recording the next high speed burst. You can easily n... | Technology |
How does phosphorence work? How can an object capture light and use it to glow for long periods? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Its not so much that the light is captured, but more the energy of the light. Basically, some atoms and molecules will have situations wherein an electron in the outer shell can, by exciting it with light, be moved into a higher orbit, if you will (Think of Bohrs nuclear model here, as thats really all you need to visu... | Chemistry |
I am not able to understand what causes this ? how this happens How 6 people suddenly turn into 5 guys in front of my eyes... | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Notice how in the first configuration there is a face completely above the cut and one completely bellow the cut. And in the second configuration there is a rectangle completely above the cut and one completely bellow the cut. It is using the same technique but in different directions. For the rectangles it is easier b... | Other |
if certain organs can regrow [like livers] why can't we just keep some on ice until they're needed? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Organs do not live that long on ice. There is a reason why transplants that takes place in different hospitals use ambulances with sirens, helicopters and in some cases even fighter jets to get the organs to the destination hospital as fast as possible even if the organ is on ice. We are able to prevent it from dying f... | Biology |
Will new areas of the Earth become Rain Forests due to Rising Temperatures? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Yes, we may have some small area of new rain forest, but the net effect is negative, Remember we call it rain forest, and it's not only associated with the temp, but the rain, and climate change is expected to reduce the amount of precipitation on lands. So, while we may have some areas of new rain forest, we will lose... | Biology |
-In all my science classes I've been taught "like dissolves like" referring to polar and non-polar solvents. What causes this effect? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Polar molecules are attracted to each other due to their dipoles. Therefore it's easy for them to combine into one homogeneous substance. So it's really hard for a non-polar molecule to dissolve in polar solvents because they're not attracted to the solvent at all (whereas the solvent is attracted to itself since all t... | Chemistry |
. How does the FCC’s approval of SpaceX launching 7,000+ satellites into orbit affect cell service and WiFi on a global long termscale? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | > Will everyone on the planet have free internet by the end of the century? Likely no. But perhaps you can have internet access any where on earth with a good connection for a relative low cost. The network called Starlink cost money to operate and SpaceX like to make a profit. So is it not that likely that we have fre... | Technology |
Why does most household garbage have the same distinct odor even though everyone’s garbage consists of different things? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Different kinds of plants or meats will decompose pretty similarly, and what you're smelling is the beginning of that process. So even though everyone's is a little different the end result is not so varied. But you definitely have variations in how household garbage smells, too; e.g. diapers are certainly distinct. | Biology |
What's the difference between a bush, a shrub, and a tree? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Shrubs and trees are both specifically *woody* plants with stems that survive throughput the winter. A tree has a clear central trunk whereas a shrub has multiple stems rising from the ground. 'Bush' is a more general term for any plant with multiple stems rising from the ground, and that can be either woody or what's ... | Biology |
What is a medically induced coma? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Comas are usually induced in patients with extensive brain swelling as a way to decrease blood flow to the brain and reduce intracranial pressure. They are preformed by giving the patient a set dose of barbiturates (central nervous system depressants usually used as sleep aids or anesthetics) and then weaning them off ... | Biology |
Why do tech manufacturers region lock their devices? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's pretty simple, depending on the region you sell your product the highest price people are ready to pay for your device can differ quite significantly. If you have the same price all over the world you wont sell in some regions. If you have different prices and don't region lock people will just buy from the cheape... | Economics |
Why is toothpaste sweet if sweet things are bad for your teeth? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Your question makes an incorrect assumption. *Sweet things, even sugary things, are not necessarily bad for your teeth.* Sweet things are bad when the sugars or other chemicals that give it a sweet taste are capable of feeding bacteria in your mouth. The acids that certain bacteria produce then eat into your tooth enam... | Biology |
Why do the Nordic countries seem to have life figured out, like good healthcare, free education, high life standard etc, when compared to other countries? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They're countries with large amounts of mineral rich land and small populations that have the added benefit of being near Germany, which is a country with large amounts of people and relatively few mineral resources. This means that Scandinavia has been a historically wealthy area due to its ability to export large amo... | Other |
How did ancient civilizations actually calculate complex measurements like the movement of the stars/planets etc.? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | If you're talking about ancient Greece or Rome, then they used similar methods. The method boils down to a question and an answer: How are the stars moving relative to us? They asked this in response to someone noting "that star wasn't there last night!" When they looked for evidence, they began observing the night sky... | Mathematics |
Why can cows and other animals constantly produce milk but humans cannot? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | All female mammals only produce milk after being pregnant. If you're thinking of dairy cows, they "constantly" produce milk because they are constantly being inseminated, going through pregnancy, giving birth, then having their babies taken away (and killed if male), and being artificially milked for human consumption.... | Biology |
! What is the difference between genetics, and epigenetics? My experience thus far has been in nature vs. nurture, and epigenetics sounds like it is a grey area in the middle. | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | In many ways, you're closer to right than you think. Genetics is your DNA, which I like to describe as a football playbook, here's how you can do a lot of things, and heres what you should do in response to certain things,. Always. Epigenetics is the handwritten notes on the margins, and the tabs you use to get to a sp... | Biology |
how do we know the universe is 13.8 billion years old? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | We don't, but that is the number the best models and experiments we have at the moment give us. Cosmologists and astrophysicists look at the universe (the bits of it we can see). They try to figure out how it works, and from that how it used to work. One of the big hints is "universal expansion"; the universe is gettin... | Physics |
Why do blockbuster movies like Avatar and End Game have there success measured in terms of money made instead of tickets sold, wouldn’t that make it easier to compare to older movies without accounting for today’s dollar vs a dollar 30 years ago? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Industry news focus on money because studios want to make money off releasing the film. The amount of money made versus the amount of money spent on making and marketing the film is what people in the film sector are interested in. It's not supposed to be a scientific comparison, and not relevant for whether the movie ... | Economics |
What’s the physical difference between a low end budget speaker and a high end pro one? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | First, high-end and professional speakers are not the same. What you hear during concert will never work well at home. Second, speakers and speaker cones are very important, but it's just part of what makes a high-quality speaker. Budget speaker cones are made basically from paper with flimsy suspensions and tiny coils... | Technology |
Why does steel wool burn with a match or when touched by a battery, shouldn’t it melt or not burn at all? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Iron only melts at very high temperature so a match can't melt it. Iron reacts easily with oxygen: rust is just iron oxide. Reactions work better and faster at higher temperatures. If iron is made into a form where it has a very large surface area, as with steel wool, then a little surface rust is affects all the iron.... | Chemistry |
How do animals know which plants are edible and which are poisonous? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | they cant always. part of it is training (being taught by their parents/colony/whatever), part of it is just by smell ("this smells like food"), part of it is trial and error. had to get rid of a couple of plants when I got my last cat, due to them being poisonous for her | Biology |
How does smoke ward off mosquitos? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Mosquitoes (and gnats, for what it's worth) are super tiny little critters with super duper tiny little respiratory systems. Their little lungs (or equivalent, I'm not sure exactly what insects use to breathe) can't handle filtering out the smoke particles, so they stay away from it and seek a cleaner air source. This ... | Biology |
How do we find the area of a country? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | One of the most common ways is known as "geodesic triangulation". finding the area of a triangle is relatively simple. Even irregularly shaped triangles can have their area calculated without any extra math. So you draw triangle after triangle within the borders of a country, measuring each edge you draw. As you reach ... | Mathematics |
How do livestream concerts work when the musicians are in different locations? How are the musicians able to play in sync without lag issues? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | If any of these concerts were perfectly live (i.e., straight from the performers) it would be an unrecognizable mess of sound. Generally the feeds from the individuals are sent to a production team who sync the feeds and broadcast the synced feed. So really there is an amount of delay between when the performers play/s... | Technology |
How does negative selection work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Positive selection is rewarding a creature because of a trait. Negative selection is punishing a creature because of a trait. A peacock has a large tail. If the large tail helps it find mates and reproduce that is positive selection. If the large tail makes it unable to escape predators and it is killed that is negativ... | Biology |
What happens to the money that large corporations pay in fines due to malpractice against their customers? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Fines are paid to the government or governing organization. They go into the gov's bank account to be used for paying for any gov stuff. Fines are a punishment for doing the wrong thing. Damages are paid to the people that were harmed by the activities. Damages are a way to attempt to repay a person for the harm that w... | Economics |
Why does hot water hurt the body? What about intense heat hurts the body so much? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Hot water heats your body. Our cells only work in a fairly narrow range of temperatures. When it gets too hot, lots of proteins start breaking down, and proteins are necessary to live, so any cells that get that hot start dying. Our body doesn't like its cells dying like that, so it sends pain messages to the brain to ... | Biology |
What feature of sound waves allows the same music note to sound different in quality from instrument to instrument? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The fact that instruments sound different when playing the same music is called timbre. When a note is played, the fundamental frequency isn’t the only frequency produced, you also get overtones that are part of the harmonic series (these frequencies are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency). Timbre comes fro... | Physics |
Is a static shock asymmetrically painful? Like is it better to be on the positive or negative side of this transaction? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I don't have a van de graff generator to properly test it, but I believe the side that starts positive will be more painful. When arc welding more heat goes to the positive side, this is especially apparent when TIG welding, if you use positive voltage on the electrode, you'll melt the end of it into a ball. I assume f... | Physics |
Why is Trigonometry used in so many applications that have nothing to do with triangles? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | While the origin of the word relates to angles and measures of a triangle, it is probably more useful to think of a triangle as the simplest polygon and that an "extreme" form of regular polygons, ie with the "most" sides, is the circle. In that sense, the subject develops naturally to the study of circles and of parti... | Mathematics |
What are the controls on the Earth's crust floating? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's mainly (2). Viscosity certainly isn't the preventative factor, because that's essentially how plate tectonics works (where cool, dense oceanic crust is subducted beneath lighter continental or oceanic crust). The entire earth, apart from the outer core, is solid, but the outer mantle has a low enough viscosity to ... | Physics |
Why are the laws of physics impossible to break? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The laws of physics aim to describe the reality "out there". As such, they are the best way we can come up with to describe and predict the behaviour of physical objects. However, those laws and theories are not reality, they are just models and representations thereof. And these models and representations are by neces... | Physics |
Why do we get accents? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Children learn to talk by listening to how adults speak and imitating them. When a bunch of people in a certain area all talk the same way, kids growing up there mostly hear that way of speaking and learn it. Learning to imitate doesn't go away as you age, it just gets lowered in favor of talking "normally" with your c... | Other |
what SAP does for companies? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I used to work for them - their big general product is SAP ERP software, which is 'enterprise resource planning'. Best way to think about it is that they have software and databases that handle business logistics. Their big business is selling their software, then renting out consultants to teach people how to use thei... | Technology |
What will it look like when the student loan debt bubble "pops?" | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | In a way this has kind of happened in the UK but reactions to it are muted so as to not destroyed the university system. Two years ago the government tried to essentially privatise the system by selling their loan book to banks. Those loans had repayment conditions such as time limits, fixed interest rates, and limits ... | Economics |
Why does the many-cosmoses theory imply there is an alternate copy of ourselves? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The many-worlds interpretation is a particle physics idea that attempts to explain what’s really happening when something is in superposition. It’s more of a guide on how to interpret particle-wave duality. It doesn’t really have much meaning at the macroscopic level, that is not the purpose. Edit: multiverses are a co... | Physics |
why is not voting for candidate X a vote for candidate Y? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Mathematically it's not, but in a two-party political system like that of the US it effectively is. The US election goes by total number of votes... roughly speaking. Let's make a comparison. You're in class in school, but the teacher's off ill. You've got a substitute teacher, but he's awesome so he's just going to le... | Other |
what does it mean that the verb is 'reflexive'? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You have eyes. Two of them! When you look at stuff, we call you the subject, and we call the stuff the object. Now imagine yourself looking into a mirror. If you do it right, congrats! You are seeing yourself. You are both the person looking (subject) and the stuff being looked at (object). Reflexive verbs are reflecti... | Other |
Why is your mirror image in a spoon upside down? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Place the spoon in front of your face: the *lower* part of the spoon is curved *upward*, so it reflects what's *above* your eyes; the *upper* part of the spoon is facing *downward*, toward the ground, and so it reflects what's *below* your eyes. The lower part shows the above, the upper shows the below: the image is up... | Physics |
How does special effects work in movies that were shot on film? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The go-to was called [rotoscoping]( URL_0 ). Essentially, artists would draw what they wanted on top of every frame. Take for example starwars. The actors would hold heavy sticks, then post filming they'd add glow and a colored lightsaber on 24 frames for every second of film. It's just as inefficient and time-intensiv... | Technology |
How does dissociative identity disorder work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The different alternates usually know about each other, but sometimes they don't. And many times an alternate may lose time but it's when a different one is "forward" and running things. Like all things mental health, everything is so personalized that sometimes its meaningless to talk about diagnoses in general terms.... | Psychology |
Is there anything the US government can do about companies moving their wealth offshore to avoid taxes? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Yes, but exactly what to do about it has been a consistent debate for very very long time in business and in government, and in the end, not that much has happened to be too impactfull. There's even a debate about whether these companies really want to bring some or all of their cash back to the US or if they may prefe... | Economics |
why is Griddy (the Texas electric company) charging people extremely high prices (~$5,000) this month, when people didnt even have electricity? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Some electric companies in Texas have fixed rates, others will charge variable rates based on supply/demand. This can be good if more power is produced than needed, price goes down and you get a lower price than fixed rate. But you get shafted if prices spike higher. Price jumped from $0.03 KWH to $9.00 KWH. | Economics |
what do these Wall Street "quants" actually do? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Broadly, they create and estimate statistical models of financial assets. The 'quant' is short for 'quantitative', which means they try to make trading decisions based on hard (quantifiable) data rather than subjective evaluations of an investment opportunity. Those statistical models can take all different shapes and ... | Economics |
Earth's magnetic field is huge. What stops our metals from slamming into the ground ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Earth is not magnetic, Earth has a magnetic field. There is a bit of a difference. It is not like the ground you stand on attract metal (well, it does due to gravity, but that has nothing to do with metal specifically, just all matter). Metal is, however, affected by the magnetic field. Think of a compass, it works exa... | Physics |
Why are the bottom of clouds flat and the tops are fluffy? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | 2 separate atmospheric metrics are in play here. Temperature, like we are all familiar with, and dew point: the temperature at which the moisture contained in normal, clear air condenses and forms tiny droplets (visible moisture, like fog or clouds). As you rise in altitude, starting at ground level, the temperature de... | Other |
Why is gargling salt water known to help with sore throats, but eating chips doesn't? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There's a phenomenon called 'osmosis' which plays its role here. When two different liquids with different concentrations are separated by a semipermeable membrane (the one that allows one-way flow only), the liquids would flow in such a way that they attain a state of equilibrium, i.e. now the concentration of both th... | Biology |
How do satellites distinguish between all the billions of signals emitted by all the devices in the world? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Very few of the devices that people use day-to-day communicate directly with satellites (aside from GPS, but it only receives data broadcast from the satellites to every GPS devices). If you do not own a boat or an airplane, you likely also do not own any device that can transmit to a satellite (this is actually true e... | Technology |
Why does 30°C outside seem too hot, when bath water at 37°C seem comfortable? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Your body is constantly making heat as a byproduct of using energy. Your body also needs to be at a constant temperature to run. If that excess heat is not removed, your body will go into a fever and may shut down. Your body needs to lose heat at a constant rate to feel comfortable. Heat transfer through the air is not... | Physics |
Are the liger and the tigon from the same species and how is that determend? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I believe the tigon an liger are not considered the same species because of the order of the parenting. Tigon is a tiger male with a lion female, and a liger is a male lion with a female tiger. The species name for each is different: "P. tigris♂ × P. leo♀" for tigons and "P. leo♂ × P. tigris♀" for ligers. Ligers and ti... | Biology |
What kind of orders do the various ranks of a military give their subordinates? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Here's a rundown of how the US Army operates, from smallest group to biggest: * Fire Team: A Fire Team is comprised of 2 Riflemen, one being the Team Leader, a Grenadier, and an Automatic Rifleman used when small recon or special missions are required. Led by a sergeant. * Squad/section: A squad, which is the smallest ... | Other |
How does soap foams up when you rub your hands together and why is this process suppressed when your hands are oily? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Soap foams with water because soap lowers the surface tension of water. Think of surface tension as pulling on a rubber band. The harder you pull the higher the surface tension. Air trapped inside the water/soap mixture gets stuck because the surface of the mixture isn't pulling very tightly, so it is very easy to defo... | Chemistry |
How do people "grow out" of allergic conditions like Asthma? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This is ELI5, so simply put, your body gets used to the allergen that it overreacted to in the first place. The protein/carb/lipid tags on the foreign body are so familiar to your immune system there isn't any reason for it to go into a reaction. In theory most allergies can be "cured" this way, but for some reactions ... | Biology |
The observable universe..how did they know that it is there? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | We can see our observational universe because it is billions of years old, and the light has had time to travel to us. Radio waves from us have only traveled some 100 years. As for outside our observational universe, it is our best guesses among many different fields. But we never will know for sure. | Physics |
What are annuities, what are the different types, and what are the differences within them? How can they be used to advance one financially? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Actuary here. I've worked with annuities at a life insurance company for several years. There are two basic types of annuities, deferred annuities and payout annuities. Deferred annuities act like a bank account. You put money in and it grows at a fixed rate or some other rate determined directly or indirectly by a mar... | Economics |
how and acid or base causes burns to the skin. What happens at a chemical level? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Typically, what happens is the breakdown of fats and proteins in the skin. Many parts of the body have carbonyl groups, which in the context of skin means a carbon double bonded to an oxygen, single bonded to a carbon, and single bonded to one other thing. That other thing might be a nitrogen with other stuff attached ... | Chemistry |
How do radio waves work? Are some stronger than others to get signal? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Well! The theory and applications of radio waves is extremely vast and often complex (*pun intended for those who get it*). Radio waves are just a subsection of the general electromagnetic waves. In nature there are two fundamental fields called **Electric field** and **Magnetic field** which are at the base of all ele... | Technology |
How can non-ionizing radiation cause radiation injuries? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The full text of the part you are quoting is > **Have Radiation Injuries Resulted from Microwave Ovens?** > > Most injuries related to microwave ovens are the result of heat-related burns from hot containers, overheated foods, or exploding liquids. Most injuries are not radiation-related. That said, there have been ver... | Biology |
Why do music and podcast apps give warnings about downloading something over data, but not when streaming something over data? Wouldn't they use the same amount? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Not necessarily. Streaming is only using data while you're actively listening. Let's say it's a 1 hour podcast and the file size is 100MB. You could download it which would definitely use the entire 100MB, or you might stream only part of it, get maybe halfway through, and you've only used 50MB in that case. ETA: Some ... | Technology |
What's to stop someone from setting up 2 credit cards to constantly pay the same amount on each other in an endless monthly loop? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The fact that you can't really do this. Using a credit card to pay off a credit card is called a "balance transfer". This service comes with a fee (usually like 5% of the balance). So you can't do it endlessly. Also credit card companies can track how many balance transfers you do and restrict you from doing them if th... | Economics |
Why does adding one extra atom to a molecule change it from a necessity for life to life threatening? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Molecules' behavior is defined by the bonds *between* the atoms more-so than by the atoms themselves. The types of atoms just lay the groundwork of which connections are even possible. H2O has 2 very stable H-O bonds, and all atoms are "satisfied" because their outer electron shells are filled by sharing electrons. Ful... | Chemistry |
How is ice cream soft? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Ice cream is churned as it freezes, which introduces air into the mixture. If you were to take some ice cream and let it melt, and then stick it back into the freezer, you'd get a solid block of frozen sweet cream that would not have the same texture as ice cream. | Chemistry |
Why do wealthy websites, like Yahoo, MSN, etc., need those crappy clickbait "Sponsered Ads" all over their website? Do they really need the revenue from these? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Yes, they do. Yahoo still has a bunch of infrastructure: servers, cable, processing capacity, that sort of thing. They rent most of that out to other companies at this point, but other than that they don't have much in the way of income or market share. Google absolutely crushed them in the search engine and ad revenue... | Economics |
Body produces fever to deal with infections. How is this slight change in temperature (average is 37° and fever is 38°) generally enough to kill the microorganisms? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There is controversy on how effective if it actually is but the theory is this - Your body contains molecules called proteins that VITAL to your life. Usually proteins are wound up into tiny little balls, like yarn. But when you a heat a protein is starts to unwind and it cannot be wound back up again. This is what hap... | Biology |
Why is it that the boiling temp of water is 100°C but even when it is around 50°C it starts to steam? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | water molecules are each at a different individual energy level, we talk about the average level. But even at 50C there are many molecules with an individual energy level capable of phase change. Even at 30C or 10C or even -10C, this is still true. though the proportion of high energy molecules is lower, to the point t... | Chemistry |
Why does a suspect for a crime receive a lesser sentence if they accept a plea deal? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | As others have noted, it could be a variety of reasons. In Civil cases, meaning when one party sues another party for damages, then abruptly you hear that both sides settled "for an undisclosed amount, for an undisclosed reason...", usually that means both sides looked at their chances to win if it went to trial, then ... | Other |
Why does our brain sometimes get an aversion to food/a beverage we eat or drink too often because we love it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Aversions to food is primarily a function of privilege. If you are very hungry you will eat anything to stop from dying. If you have tons of food at your disposable, you will start not wanting certain foods. My grandmother grew up in the depression and doesn't understand the concept of not eating things because they ta... | Biology |
Why does high pressure raise the temperature of rock to liquify it into motion like water? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | > How can rock molecules squeezed tighter together behave like liquids with molecules spread farther apart? Because it is really hot! More pressure does raise the melting temperature of most substances, stone included, but the interior of the Earth is hot enough. > but that seems like an oxymoron under those immense pr... | Chemistry |
What is the explanation of this "missing square" puzzle? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Notice that the outer black border is rather thick. The second square is very slightly larger than the original square and covers some of the border, but the difference is hard to notice. [Here]( URL_0 ) is an animation which makes it easier to spot. As each piece is rotated, you can just see that the outer edges don't... | Mathematics |
Why, by Aufbau filling order, does a 3d orbital fill after a 4s, but when the atom loses electrons, the 4s goes first. Likewise, which one, 3d or 4s, is farther from the nucleus and why? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The 3 in 3d and 4 in 4s refers to the primary quantum number derived from the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom. This number designates how high or low an electron is in the energy well of the nucleus, starting with n=1. A useful definition of ionization is the electron jumping to the infinite energy level. As a matter o... | Chemistry |
what is it that makes deep deep sea creatures able to withstand such immense pressure? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | For some its the ability to push all the gasses in their bodies out, so the pressure doesn't rupture their flesh. For others they are made of mostly fluids that are then at the same atmospheric pressure as the surrounding water. And for alot of the really strange ones, they need the pressure to hold together. When brou... | Biology |
If radiation exposure can cause cancer how does it cure it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A little bit of radiation damages DNA/parts of the cell, which in turn can lead to cancer if it messes with the parts of the DNA/parts of the cell which prevent uncontrolled replication (which is what cancer is). A lot of radiation tears cells to shreds, killing them. Even cancer cells, that normally reproduce robustly... | Biology |
What is black light and how do we artificially produce it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Black light is light of a color that is outside of our visible color range (usually ultraviolet). We produce it just like we produce any other color of light...either make white light and pass thru a filter..or find something that produces, only ultraviolet when excited. Even though we can't directly see the light, it ... | Physics |
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