question stringlengths 0 2.44k | prompt listlengths 1 1 | ground_truth stringlengths 0 8.31k | category stringclasses 12
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How do hard drives get bigger in capacity, but physically smaller in size? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Technology. The smaller you can make the parts that store information, the more you can fit in one spot. For example, imagine using apples as a way to keep track of things when you're counting. Everytime you count up, you move one apple from a bucket on your left to a bucket on your right. Apples are really big, right?... | Technology |
Why is hexagon known as the most energy efficient shape? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's just the best shape for maximizing the number of cells you get out of the same amount of beeswax. The bees could make cells out of any shape, but only three - squares, equilateral triangles, and hexagons - fit together perfectly with no gaps if they're all the same shape and size. Hexagons, it turns out, are just ... | Mathematics |
Why are tax havens mostly islands or small countries? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The whole point of a tax haven is that taxes are much lower than anywhere else. If you tried to run a large country like that, you wouldn’t be able to pay for a military, social services, or other essential stuff. That’s why tax havens are usually in very safe places (no need for a military) and have small populations ... | Economics |
What is a dissertation? What is the purpose? What kind of degrees have them? Why? Why are they so stressful? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | ELI5: You are asked to imagine or create in your imagination something that doesn’t exist but is connected to what we do know exists, you then take that something from your imagination, think about that one thing for 4-7 years, and then you have to prove that that thing that only existed in your imagination is in fact ... | Other |
What maps do pilots use? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A flat map can display correct distances. The scale is just not the same for all part of the maps. You have to compensate for it but it is quite possible. For Mercator projection the scaling [looks like this]( URL_0 ). The Mercator projection was created for sailing because it preserves angles. If two lines cross at 32... | Earth Science |
why are calf births pulled out instead of letting nature take its course? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Normally ranchers will only pull them when the cows are having trouble doing it naturally. And it looks rough cuz the cows usually aren’t really docile, they are panicked by the ppl being close and the situation Also, cattle are bigger than they used to be because of breeding and hormones, so they have more trouble tha... | Biology |
How do humming bird wing feathers stay attached to their wings with the high G forces they would be subject to from the rapid wing beats? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Proportional mass to size differences make the strain on the wings infinitely less impactful than if someone your size would try to beat their wings that fast. Hummingbirds are incredibly light, yet fragile. Their bodies are designed and have evolved to the absolute pinnacle of vertically based flight, better than bees... | Biology |
How do game developers make different levels of difficulty in their games? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are a lot of different ways this can be done, and I could go into great detail about many algorithms (such as [A*]( URL_0 )), but in order to keep this simple, let's compare it to two human players in a game of chess. Player A barely knows how to move the pieces while Player B is well-practiced and can see 10 mov... | Technology |
how was asbestos created, why is it dangerous? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Asbestos is a natural material, it is mined from the earth. It is dangerous because when it breaks, it realeases extreamly fine fibres that get stuck in your lungs and your body can't remove them. When too much builds up in your lungs, it causes all kinds of trouble, most commun being mesothelioma, which is a type of c... | Chemistry |
How did people of the past discover the SI unit meters? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They didn't "discover" it--a metre is an entirely arbitrary unit of distance that was made up many years ago. As said by deep\_sea2 it was originally defined as a fraction of the Earth's circumference--nowadays it's defined in terms of the speed of light in a vacuum, because that's a natural quantity which is fixed and... | Technology |
how where drugs such as cocaine invented? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Most drugs today are highly refined and concentrated versions of natural things. Things like poppy, coca leaves, etc. Can be consumed for mild results compared to the drugs you're thinking of. People got addicted to those and started experimenting to see how strong they could make it to get a better high. | Chemistry |
Why are birds (i.e. Parrots, Crows, Hawks, etc) so intelligent if they have such small brains? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | First off, gross brain mass is irrelevant. Among mammals, brain to body mass ratio appears to be a good indicator of relative intelligence. Not perfect, unless you want to admit that dolphins are smarter than humans. Among other species, avian say, the same URL_2 hold true: with corvids (crows and ravens and such) and ... | Biology |
How does weather forecasting work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Take a map. Split it up into a grid of squares. Get climate data for that square going back as far as you can. Take the date, the current conditions, and the climate data for that square and run it through a huge super computer. The super computer uses a ton of complicated math and statistics algorithms to compute a fo... | Physics |
How do GPS apps such as Maps or Waze know the new formation of roads after construction? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It first important to understand how Google Maps gets all if it's data. Some of it's data is pre-programmed into their systems. This is usually used as initial data, especially for testing. Google provides many more features, however. They also show traffic and other information for your daily traveler. A few years bac... | Technology |
what do we use linear algebra for? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Linear algebra is having a real explosion of usefulness in computer science right now. It’s the basis of much of machine learning. For example, Linear algebra is how Netflix recommends your next binge. You can set up a system of equations that represent different properties of movies and then find eigenvectors to under... | Mathematics |
How do people recolour photos? How do they know what colours things were? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Recoloring old photos is usually done in a series of masks in photoshop. Basically mask the area of the photo off, then brush in the color. Brushes in photoshop can be used in a normal mode (like painting on top), or color mode (adding color hues to existing lines. As for the colors used, most of it is guess work, or t... | Other |
Why can't endangered mammal species like the giant panda be artificially inseminated like cattle and other livestock? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Artificial insemination is used all the time, but you get one chance per female panda per year and that's it. If the female panda does not become pregnant, you have to wait an entire year for her 24 hour fertility window to roll back around. Panda fetuses are so small and panda moms are such pregnancy ninjas that it is... | Biology |
How do flushless urinals work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They have a cartridge in them with a thick fluid that floats on water (and urine). When you pee into the toilet, your urine flows into the chamber and the thick fluid floats on top of it and forms a seal that mostly keeps the smell from getting too bad. As more ursine enters the chamber it displaces the urine/water tha... | Technology |
Why is the U.S. sanctioning Venezuela? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Over the past 20 years Venezuela socialized their industry and began running the government very poorly. One instance is that they started setting rules on how much stores could charge for food so that everyone could afford it. The stores couldn't afford to sell anymore so they restricted how much the farmers could cha... | Economics |
if red, green, or blue lights allow for better "night vision" why are car headlights not made in green or blue to preserve night sight? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | To give a simpler explanation that fits ELI5 better (the others are good so far mind you) Things look different under different lights. We see "white" light all day, every day. If our headlights were red, blue, green or any other color really it makes it much harder to see and understand what you are looking at because... | Technology |
What is a transistor and how can 16 billion of them fit into a tiny microchip? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A transistor is basically an electronically controlled light switch. With convention home electricity, you can compete a circuit by physically bringing a piece of metal in contact with another. But then come semiconductors. Normally, silicon does not transmit an electrical signal. But, if you inject a little bit of ano... | Technology |
Why do FAT32 Drives can only have upper case letters on its name? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The really short answer is backwards compatibility. The longer answer is that the file names are not case sensitive, but the file system is case-insensitive. This means that a file named “file” and one named “File” are the same as far as the file system is concerned. Trying to save both of those files in the same direc... | Technology |
How are the close up shots in various National Geographic shows or in shows like Perfect Planet shot? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Option 1: Extreme telephoto lense. The camera is more like a telescope, and is much further away than you think. Option 2: Stealth and automated cameras. There's no human nearby; the camera was left behind and the animals naturally wandered close by to observe without scaring the animals. Option 3: Patience and exposur... | Other |
How come that I'm social and talk a lot online in a voice call with friends, but shy, reserved and don't talk so much in real life with them? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Maybe you are less confident about your body, or have trouble with eye contact etc., and the dematerialized aspect of your interactions might act as a shield that hides some of your weaknesses and thus boosts your confidence? It reminds of a story where some very shy men couldn't speak face to face with women, but once... | Other |
Why do air currents not push people out of open door helicopters? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Generally speaking, most people sitting out the door of a helicopter are mostly still inside the main body, and there isn’t really anything underneath that would create a lot of irregular turbulence. My somewhat educated assumption is that you’d need to stick yourself out reasonably far to get caught by air currents. I... | Physics |
Can someone explain me how does a microphone convert an input of sound energy into electrical energy? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | the basic explanation: the microphone has a membrane (diaphragm) that is attached to a magnet, that magnet is surrounded by a coil, sound is nothing but pressure waves and as they hit the "diaphragm" of the microphone it makes the magnet vibrate accordingly and it induces an electrical current in the coil that is very ... | Physics |
Why can you get addicted to 1st hand smoke but not 2nd hand smoke? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Addiction to cigarettes comes in two main ways. The first is the physical habit. Cigarette smoking is a repetitive, comforting practice - a less athletic version of Tai Chi. So merely smoking the cigarette is enjoyable even if you exclude the pharmacological effects. It should be obvious that this provides no benefit e... | Biology |
How could the big bang have been the beginning of the universe if there was no time preceding it for potential energy to be stored? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This is one those questions where the answer is 'basically we don't know, but we do have some ideas'. One theory is that our universe is a bubble of three dimensional space in a larger multiverse and that time is a property of that multiverse, and so did not come into existence with the big bang. Another is that time d... | Physics |
How does someone high as a kite on PCP resist the physiological effects of a taser? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Electricity causes muscles to tense up, and (obviously) causes pain. People on PCP don't seem to feel pain, so they suffer only the effects of muscle seizure. If the taser prongs hit my shoulder and my chest, muscles will spaz between those two points (and nearby), but my legs and my other arm should be considerably le... | Biology |
why is it that sometimes you can’t think of things that you definitely know and why does it seem like it comes out of nowhere when you think of it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | If I remember correctly, our brain has some sections to keep memories (think of Inside Out as an example), and there are sections to store important memories (that you know you'll need everyday, or at specific actions) and sections to store "important" memories that are not so urgent, as well as sections to store non-i... | Other |
what is base-ten? What is the next easiest base? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They're all equally "easy" as nothing really changes. You just move to the the next order of magnitude at a different point (which is base # - 1). So binary, base 2, you count to 1. Then that's done. You're now moving into the 2 column. Count to 1 there. But the previous column is now a 0, so count to 1 there. You now ... | Mathematics |
How do some companies hold so much cash? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The term "cash" is used to refer to the liquid assets a company holds, almost none of which is literal *cash*, and often very little of which is just money in bank accounts. For companies such as Apple, their "cash" is primarily treasury notes and short-term corporate securities. These are low-risk assets earning below... | Other |
Why do mirrors facing eachother get greener? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Mirrors reflect more green light than others, which is due to how the glass filters light that reaches the true reflective surface (the thin layer of silver or other metal on the back). When mirrors reflect to one another, their abilitt to reflect light in a straight line gets lower and lowrr the more it reflects. This... | Chemistry |
why do chip card transactions take so much longer to process than magnetic strip transactions? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's an Infrastructure Issue. Chip Cards have added Security Features. These features are meant to make forging a Chip Card *incredibly* difficult, even if you manage to get a Skimmer working for them. However, more complex security features require more Computer Processing to verify and authorize. The Chip Cards are n... | Technology |
why does sexual content have a larger influence than gore in age ratings for films and video games? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Religion and America Violence is viewed as less corrupting, many religions are generally more focused on preventing pleasure than stopping pain and sexuality is usually the absolute top thing religion attempts to regulate and control. Young people are usually the ones societies want to recruit to violent positions such... | Other |
How do humans feel temperature differences and how precisely can we feel it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Your body is like a combustion engine, constantly producing heat, and you need to dissipate that in order to keep it working properly. If you are losing too much heat you feel cold, lose too little and you feel hot. The amount of heat you dissipate through your skin depends on 2 factors, the thermal conductivity and th... | Biology |
() what exactly is a transition metal? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A transition metal is a metal that is basically in between the Alkali and Alkali earth metals on one side and metalloids / non-metals on the other side. The properties are 'transitioning' from metallic to non-metallic. They have incomplete shells because of the shape of orbitals. You do remember there are 4 'lettered' ... | Chemistry |
How do insurance companies survive disasters like the hurricanes in Florida? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They do maintain fairly large liquid holdings vs. corporations of similar sizes in other sectors (although not by comparison to a lot of tech companies like Apple, interestingly enough) More importantly they also spread their risk through re-insurers (insurance for insurance companies) such that they are only on the ho... | Economics |
In firearms, what’s the difference between flint lock, cap lock and percussion? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | All these weapons work in a similar way. You load gunpower into the muzzle with a ball/bullet on top. Then, you find a way to ignite that gunpower and propel the ball. There are different ways to ignite that power. A flintlock uses a piece of flint as an igniter. Pulling the trigger releases the spring loaded cock with... | Technology |
What are bonds and credit default swaps? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Say a company needs to buy a big new fancy machine for its manufacturing plant. It might cost $10m. Over the years of it's life it will more than pay for itself but the company doesn't necessarily have that kind of cash available. So it can raise the money by issuing a kind of loan called a bond: investors give $10m to... | Economics |
What is a neuron in a neural network? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's more or less the same thing as a neuron in your brain. It takes input and have weight for each of those input. If the score reach a threshold, it fires (send a 1 to the next neuron). If not it sends a 0 to the next neuron. Now if you want to know how a neural network is able to learn, you should google it or go to... | Technology |
What is SDK?What is API? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When you walk into McDonalds, you can order a happy meal & get a nice pre-packaged meal (Burger, fries, toy, etc). But say you wanted to walk into the kitchen and make your own meal - you'd still have to use the ingredients the store has. You can't walk into McD & make a Taco Supreme as part of your meal - it doesn't m... | Technology |
Why do small baby grapes taste sour compared to regular sized grapes? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The ripening process for most fruit produces sugars that either goes to fuel the growing seed when the fruit falls to the ground or to encourage animals to eat it and spread the seeds with their droppings. That process doesn't occur until the seeds are mature and about ready to go on to the next stage of their existenc... | Biology |
Can the average household spider recognize faces and even make eye contact? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Fortunately, no. Spiders cannot recognize human faces in the normal sense of the word “recognize”. Recognizing a human face as a human face is a process that involves activity in many extremely specialized brain regions like the fusiform face area ( URL_0 ). Not even all humans can recognize human faces. There is a con... | Biology |
How does reverse image searching work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A “perceptual image hash” of your sample image is calculated. Depending on the scheme, this is a number between 8 and a few hundred bytes in length. It contains information about the image in a condensed form. Two images that are similar would have similar, but probably not identical, hashes. In simplest terms, they co... | Other |
Why does chewing sound louder with headphones on? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | several reasons a few of the main reasons: sound travels faster through plastics/metals than through air, so distinct sound reaches your eardrums more quickly than you're used to hearing the headphones block external sounds which normally make up a part of the sound you usually hear. the sounds that normally travel thr... | Biology |
How do plants with red and purple leaves preform photosynthesis? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The red/purple leaves still contain chlorophyll, and they capture the energy of sunlight the same way as regular green plants. High amounts of dye chemicals just make them look not-green. As far as I know, the purpose of these chemicals is debated, but a likely possibility is that their antioxidant properties protects ... | Biology |
why when something is very clean, it can be “squeaky” clean? Why is it squeaky? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The phrase dates back to the 1930s when hair shampoo that was much more harsh and less moisturizing than shampoos are today. That shampoo effectively stripped all the natural oils out of the hair, and when it was completely rinsed the hair would actually make squeaking sounds when rubbed between the fingers. This was e... | Chemistry |
why do muscles and joints ache or get stiff with age? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | As for joints: Bones are really hard so if two bones in a joint would touch each other while moving, they would 'scratch' and cause damage. To prevent this, our body puts a softer, protecting layer between two 'touching' bones. This layer is called cartilage. Cartilage is really great but it does accumulate damage over... | Biology |
Why does refinancing a home loan involve closing fees? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The lender still has to put in the work to process that loan. In fact, it's the same work for them as the first time you got the loan. In truth, though, you're right to be annoyed insofar as the price of the fee is in no way tied to the actual cost of processing the transaction anytime a loan is done, it's just an arbi... | Economics |
How’s that sometimes when you forget what where you going to do next, doing what you just did earlier “makes you remember”? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because the thing you wanted to do next came to your mind BECAUSE you were doing the other thing. Say you were unloading the dishwasher, you saw that one glass with Anna from Frozen on it, which reminded you of the fact that you promised your daughter that you would fix her Olaf figure before she comes home from kinder... | Biology |
What’s the main difference between eating 6000 calories and then not eating for the next 2 days, and eating 2000 calories for 3 days? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Your body stores those extra calories in fat cells. When you use the fat over the next 2 days the fat cells get smaller because they are empty, but don’t go away. They just wait to be filled up again. Which makes it easier to gain weight. That’s the reason a lot of people put weight back on. You have all of those empty... | Biology |
How does thermal regulation function in space? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There's two ways to lose heat: convection/conduction and radiation. What you described is convection, and it's essentially heat flowing from areas of high temperature to areas of low temperatures. The other is radiation. Every body with a non zero temperature (in K not °C) emmits infrared radiation. The problem in spac... | Physics |
What's after 4k resolution, and when will we get there? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | 8k resolution has been a thing for a long time. Its just not very popular.... why, well frankly, we're really not even at 4k yet in the general market. Very little video content is available in 4K. There's a lot of screens that do 4K, but minimal content. Instead of resolution, HDR is more likely to be the "next big th... | Technology |
Why are libraries allowed to basically rent out books for free, and are generally well-supported by the industry, while other forms of entertainment are not (movies, music, etc.)? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Some public libraries do loan out DVDs and CDs as well as many other types of copyrighted materials like magazines and comic books in addition to just books, some even offer ebooks and audiobooks online. And don't for a minute think that public libraries are well supported by publishers, they are almost entirely taxpay... | Other |
What does 'Congruence Bias' actually mean? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Congruence Bias is when you rely too much on what you think is the answer and ignore other testing. For instance, lets say you've always driven to your office the same way because that's how someone once showed you. In your mind that is the correct way to go. You believe this strongly enough that you neglect to test ot... | Psychology |
How would the world be different if it rotated the other way? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The only difference would be the global wind patterns. The jet stream would go the other way. And the trade winds would reverse too. Wind near the equator, instead of curving West would curve East. This means that Africa would get a lot more rainfall, and the Amazon basin would be in a rain shadow, likely a huge desser... | Physics |
If trillions of neutrinos are flying through us each second, why does the Super Kamiokande only detect 30 a day? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because neutrinos are not charged and therefore will only interact with atoms if it hits them squarely in their nucleus. Normally things interact based on electromagnetic charge and this means they have an area of effect where opposite charges attract and the same charge repels. The nucleus of atoms is tiny compared to... | Physics |
How did salt and saturated fat become linked to high blood pressure and heart disease if they don't cause it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Dietary science is very difficult to do right. Experiments which can provide strong evidence for causality are expensive and suffer from bias because people are rarely willing or able to change their diet in any significant way over time. Instead, the field has usually relied upon correlations, animal testing, and shor... | Biology |
Can animals get PTSD ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Yes. Abused animals can react in a specific way to the stimuli of the abuse. They can also mistake stimuli that is not related to the abuse as a sign of the abuse. I.E a car backfiring might be mistaken for a crack of a whip. I used to ride horses and the one did not want you standing behind it. Irrespective of who you... | Biology |
Why does our body produce snot/congestion when we have a cold? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | **Long Answer:** When you have a cold, the viruses trigger a form of your body's defenses called histamines. These histamines are meant to make it easier for white blood cells to pass through blood vessels and capillaries to combat germs/pathogens (they're pretty much clearing a path for the body's "army" to combat the... | Biology |
Why do North American nations display prices in stores without tax? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Taxes vary from state to state. If shops should display incl. taxes, then things would look like they cost more in one store in a chain than another. Shops argue that it's inordinately cumbersome to display them with taxes. Most parts of EU have the same tax across the whole country, making it easier to display prices ... | Economics |
How did snakes develop venom as a way of killing when no other reptiles did (and so few animals have)? How did the variations in kinds of venoms come about? Did constricting snakes lose their venom? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Venom is an extremely advantageous trait. It takes a lot of muscular power and body adaptations to mechanically capture and subdue prey, which expends a lot of energy. So being able to do it chemically would allow an animal to kill prey with less risk to itself. The prevailing theory is that venom first evolved in earl... | Other |
If solar panels absorb energy instead of it be displaced around earth, how will that impact earth's temperature as they become more prevalent? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Solar panels have lower albedo than a similar object the same color. Some of the energy that hits them isn't absorbed to heat them up, it gets away in the form of electricity. However, almost none of that electricity is stored. It's almost all used to make something go and through that process turned into heat. It's no... | Physics |
How come some smells are pleasant/unpleasant? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Survival. If you think of all the unpleasant smells, they are normally associated with things you do not want to eat. For example rotten meat, if the smell wasn't bad we would be tempted to eat it and could become sick. It's our bodies way of saying "don't put that in your mouth" :) | Other |
Why do all the stars in the sky appear white? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They don't. Depending on where you live, you should be able to find Betelgeuse and Sirius in the night sky with any star chart app. They should be some of the brightest, anyway. Betelgeuse will have a very distinctive orange hue, even with the naked eye, while Sirius will appear more like a typical "white" star. As for... | Physics |
what is rocket Isp, why is it measured in seconds, and what does that mean? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Out in space there's nothing to push off of. Planes push off of air. Cars push off of the ground. Spacecraft have to bring along fuel that they push off of–the whole "equal and opposite reaction" thing. The challenge with this is that every kilogram of fuel you have is a kilogram of mass you have to lug around until yo... | Physics |
what exactly is happening when a volume dial breaks and starts turning the volume up instead of down or vice versa? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Do you mean a rotating volume dial, like found on an AV reciever/amplifier? They are rotary encoders. They're supposed to repeatedly count +1 or - 1 when you turn up or down. When they get dirty, they can count all sorts of things instead. Here's [a video]( URL_0 ) of a guy dismantling and cleaning such a dial, to fix ... | Technology |
How do rich people that have major financial problems get to stay rich? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They aren't immune to bankruptcies in the slightest you just misunderstand how the process works. When a person, or business more so in this scenario goes through a bankruptcy they are given some legal protections and time to make good with their creditors. This is range from just reconfiguring their debts to a price t... | Economics |
Why do some languages like Hindu have their own alphabet but also sometimes spell words in English? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because around the world English has become somewhat of a Lingua Franca, due to British colonization and American influence. You look close to anywhere in the world and you’ll see that English is one of the big languages kids/people are taught, because it’s very useful. With that, countries that don’t speak English and... | Other |
Can someone explain the NASDAQ/DOW/S & P 500 numbers and what they mean when they are up or down at closing? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Do you know the difference between degrees Farenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin? What temp does water freeze at? Well, could be zero, could be 32, could be (umm...) 273? Same actual "energy level", just different scales. Stock market indices are kinda the same -- different ways of measuring all **or some part** of the market... | Economics |
how does a powerful earthquake shift the earth on its axis? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Earthquakes are caused by the Earths crust moving. Even though the earthquake might be centralized at one location half the contenent might move during such an event. And when a huge section of the Earth is moving around the least thing you would expect is for the axis to shift a bit. | Physics |
Why does condensation and frost form in a circular pattern? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Looks like the temperature has a gradient between the center of your window and the edges. My guess is that the parts of the wall that hold your glass pane are sub-zero, while the environment is warmer. So your window is freezing starting from the parts connected to the wall/window frame. Glass is not a great conductor... | Earth Science |
If there is clearly a market for women's clothing with proper pockets, why are they so scarce? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Honestly, it's probably because the market for pockets isn't as strong as you may think. Think of it like this -- are there women's clothing with pockets? Yes. Have people who buy women's clothing purchased those clothes en masse instead of clothes without pockets? No. If people who buy women's clothing were regularly ... | Economics |
Why are most canned foods high in sodium? Doesn't the canning process eliminate the need for preservatives? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Eh. Not entirely. A few things. First, depending on the food we're talking about, salt might be an inherent part of the process, either of canning in particular or just the food in general. Pickles? Olives? Gotta have salt. You just do. Salt is also a critical ingredient in any number of fermented foods, many of which ... | Chemistry |
If someone were to fire an object into space that was attached to a rope, would the object float or be pulled down? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | What you're describing is a [space elevator]( URL_0 ) which is well studied concept. While we're far from being able to make this possible, we largely understand how it could work. The biggest hurdle is developing a material that's strong enough. It would also have to have to be exactly on the equator and extend out to... | Physics |
how can there be so many funny or interesting videos of bears interacting with humans in urban environments of Russia, like we can see often in /r/anormaldayinrussia, for example ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The bears will eat what they want, regardless of what their diet "requires", and eating scraps from a city is way easier than fighting off two other bears from the dead elk you found. It can be dangerous when they get agressive, and it is bad that they are becoming more used to human contact. It's not the bear's job to... | Biology |
Why are almost all things ancient, discovered underground? For example, archeologists have to dig up ancient cities and homes. Are we always gaining layers of land through the years? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Sort of. Depends on where you are. Mostly mountains are constantly rising (cause of plate tectonics or volcanoes) and erosion brings bits of mountains down to cover stuff. So while some places are getting buried, other places are getting ground down. Mostly depends on the geography of the area and weather patterns. But... | Earth Science |
Why are economists so sure that there’s a recession looming ahead? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Recessions normally happen every 10-15 years or so, so its quite likely it'll happen soon. Also there are several indicators that tend to go bad before the recession hits, many of which are firing. There is also poor policy, we expect the trade war or Brexit to cause a recession, so it makes sense to expect one soon. A... | Economics |
Why do intrest rates fall while average living costs increase? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Interest rates are controlled by central banks and are used as a tool to meet Government policies to manage the money supply and the tradeoffs between inflation and economic growth. Interest rates are however only one influcence on either of these factors and are not the core reason why costs rise or fall. It's not sim... | Economics |
The universe is 98 billion lightyears across and 13.8 billion years old. Nothing travels faster than light so how did that happen? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The universe is expanding. By "expanding," we don't mean "things are flying apart out of some explosion." We mean that *space itself* is getting larger. It's as though there was just...*more space* pouring out of every point in the universe. Since this is happening *everywhere,* the effect of expansion is cumulative. I... | Physics |
Can someone explain night vision to me? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are two types of cell in the human eye responsible for eyesight. * *Cone* cells, responsible for color vision, work best in bright light * *Rod* cells, more sensitive than cone cells, operate best at low light, responsible for peripheral vision and night vision The rod cells get overwhelmed in bright light and ce... | Biology |
Why does the planet Saturn have rings? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because god liked it, so he put a ring on it. No one actually knows why Saturn has rings. One relatively compelling theory is that one of Saturn's original moons formed too close to Saturn to have a stable orbit, and as it spiralled slowly towards the planet's surface, it was torn apart by gravity. | Physics |
what is the science behind FOMO (fear of missing out)? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | We're a social species. We pay attention to each other because there's valuable information in that. If everyone's running away, you should probably run too. If everyone's crowding around a bush, it probably has delicious berries. If an orator manages to convince 75% of the crowd but not you... are you wrong? I mean wh... | Psychology |
How can the shape, size and material of a cup, glass or container make such a significant impact on the taste of the beverage within? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It depends, really. Sometimes, you don't wash your cups well enough. The flavor from whatever was in there before stays in there and flavors the next glass. Over time and with many drinks, that can really add up and change the flavor. And if you use a certain cup a lot, it probably has been washed more, which in turn m... | Chemistry |
How are spider webs so strong? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I think when they say spider webs are "strong," it refers to the engineering definition of strength. It just means it can take a high amount of stress before it yields. It's still amazing, but it's a lot more mundane than they make out, like you wouldn't really be making swords out of spider silk. | Chemistry |
Why does basic matrix multiplication work the way it does? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | At their core, matrices are just ways of representing *linear* functions. A function is linear when scaling or adding inputs is the same as scaling or adding results: f(ax) = a\*f(x) and f(x+y) = f(x) + f(y). Imagine, e.g., that x and y are arrows (or vectors, if you know what those are). 'Adding' two arrows means putt... | Mathematics |
How does visible light fall within the electromagnetic spectrum? What do magnets have to do with light? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Electromagnetic waves [are waves of both an electric and magnetic field]( URL_1 ). Photons are the actors that carry this energy. Electromagnetic radiation happens pretty much everywhere, but an important aspect is heat radiation. Every object will emit some radiation according to its temperature, [shown in this graph]... | Physics |
Why can we use math to shoot a rocket and pinpoint another planet, but we can't figure out where that space junk will land tomorrow? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When we intentionally land a probe on another planet it's guided. We know exactly where it is, its orientation, and it can steer itself to its intended target. A piece of space junk isn't guided and is subject to variables that we can't control and don't know such as its orientation as it tumbles and the exact atmosphe... | Mathematics |
How the water inside trees doesn't freeze in hard cold winters? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because it's a solution; there's a bunch of other stuff dissolved in that water. Just like salt on ice, these other chemicals reduce the freezing point far enough that temperatures rarely reach it. Somebody else will have to explain the capillary action. It's been a while since I read up on that stuff. | Chemistry |
How does your body know what time to wake up before an alarm sounds? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The body has a natural day cycle called the circadian rhythm. Day(light)/night(dark) periods and hormones cause the circadian rhythm to change. One example of hormones causing it to change is why teenagers stay up later and wake up later. An example of day/night changes is when traveling to a different time zone and yo... | Biology |
Why is GDP growth the metric we use to measure the success or strength of an economy? Sure growth is important, but shouldn’t another metric be used? Say poverty rates, median income of participants in said economy, etc. Seems like worrying only about growth is what leads to inequality to me. | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | To put it succinctly: all of these measure *are* used but GDP is the headline grabber because it changes frequently, and has strong predictive implications for all the other measures. When GDP is growing rapidly, then that *usually* means that more jobs are being created, etc. When GDP is shrinking, or growing slowly, ... | Other |
What classifies something as a plastic and how can the same type of plastic (e.g polyester) be used from slick, waterproof shirts to fluffy blankets? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Plastics are synthetic or partly synthetic polymeric materials. (Basically materials made from enormously big molecules, compared to other materials.) As to why is there a wide range of plastics. Simply because we spent the last century with trying to make new kinds of plastics that could be applied in different situat... | Chemistry |
How do you treat injuries like the one Andre Gomes suffered from today? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Sports injuries tend to be assessed in this order: First the team's trainer or doctor (a medical professional who specializes in sports injuries) will try to determine if it is a "soft tissue injury" (a sprain or a strain) or worse, and call over the emergency responders (EMTs or paramedics) if needed. The emergency re... | Technology |
What happens inside of our body when we take medicine that is not necessarily needed? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The medicine still does its thing: a decongestant will still constrict your blood vessels (to no noticeable effect), a pain reliever/anti-inflammatory will anti-inflame (to no noticeable effect), etc. Your body will work through it like it would if you were sick, except you won't notice most of the effects. If you're t... | Biology |
How do they make crude oil into plastic? How do they make so many kinds of plastic from one substance? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | 1) Crude oil is not one substance. It is a mixture of a ton of different products that need to be extracted through various processes: [ URL_0 ]( URL_0 ) & #x200B; 2) Plastics are extremely versatile and a ton of different processes can be used to get different products from what is technically the same plastic. For ex... | Chemistry |
Why are certain fruits, such as grapefruit and cranberries, dangerous to eat whilst taking blood thinning medication like Warfarin? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Warfarin and other drugs are metabolized (broken down) into active or inactive compounds by enzymes in your liver. Grapefruit and other foods contain substances that can inhibit the activity of these enzymes, stopping the metabolism of these drugs. It can either lead to dangerously high levels of the drugs remaining in... | Biology |
why do workers in America have terrible employment rights? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | > To begin with, I live in the UK and work for an international famous home furnishings company OK. People are going to give a lot of answers about corporate power in the US but the fact is that large corporateions have power in other countries as well but you don't see this happen there. The real reasons come down to ... | Other |
What is the downside to taking out lots of loans, or credit cards and declaring bankruptcy? (UK) | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | That's not quite how unsecured debt works. All it means is they can't automatically claim ownership of your house if you miss three payments. But they can still sue you in small claims court, and a bailiff will confiscate your property, sell it, and give the money to your creditors. Now, if you wanted to take out loans... | Economics |
How does Minecraft procedurally generate random and unique structures and how can it make an identical one with the same speed? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's many, many simple elements stacked on top of each other. The base terrain uses 16 octaves of a form of [Perlin noise]( URL_0 ). Each octave is a basic noise generator, scaled to make large and coarse or small and fine features. It actually has two 16-octave ensembles and a third 8-octave ensemble to blend between ... | Technology |
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