question stringlengths 0 2.44k | prompt listlengths 1 1 | ground_truth stringlengths 0 8.31k | category stringclasses 12
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How does light carry data and information, i.e in fiber optic cables? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | So everyone has already more or less summed it up as On vs Off, zeroes and ones, all that good stuff. but if you want to get really interesting: we can actually do multiple "streams" of data on the same piece of fiber. How? *Different colors of light.* We do the same on/off thing described by other commenters, but with... | Physics |
Missile interception systems. How exactly can you stop a giant missile coming your way? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You blow it up. An atomic bomb is like a super intricate Swiss Watch. A million little pieces that have to work perfectly for it to detonate. Blow it up with another missile and you won’t have an atomic bomb. You’ll have a bunch of burned up scrap metal, and a lot of scattered uranium/plutonium. That sucks enough, but ... | Physics |
How does a country determine where it currently sits on the Laffer curve? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It doesn't. The Laffer Curve merely expresses a truism that tax revenue goes to zero at both 0% tax rate and 100% tax rate, but is non-zero in between. It does not predict the nature of the curve in between. It's more important as a philosophical concept, since people's intuition is that increasing tax rates increases ... | Economics |
If it's generally impermissible for politicians to receive contributons from foreign sources in a national election, why is it acceptable and even celebrated for politicians in a state election to get endorsements and contributions from out of state? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The states are permanently bound in a union. The whole USA is considered a single country, with no country having the right to leave, and with Federal law taking precedence over State law. So while in some narrow legal senses other states are "foreign," we are firmly understood to be One Nation. | Other |
How does CO2 actually affect the earth’s climate, in a chemical sense? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The sun emits a lot of radiant heat, which is heat in the form of light. In the case of the sun, because it is so hot, this light is of a higher frequency - much of the energy is contained in visible and ultraviolet light. The Earth, meanwhile, is not nearly as hot as the sun, so it emits primarily lower frequency infr... | Chemistry |
Why does ice melt almost instantly when it comes into contact with metal? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Metal is an excellent conductor of heat. So whatever warm is touching the cup (you, the air) is readily conducted throughout the metal to other things that are touching it (the ice). Basically it is a fast way of getting heat from everything else into the ice, causing it to melt. This is also why it feels cold to the t... | Chemistry |
How can we be sure we are seeing same colours as everyone else? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Fundamentally, we can’t. We can know what specific wavelengths people are sensitive to, and we know there are some small variations between people (and bigger variations for some like those who are colorblind), but there’s no way to know what the subjective experience of those colors is really like for anyone else. You... | Physics |
How does axe throwing work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | To be blunt, your premise is wildly incorrect. An axe has a handle with a measurable length and a head with a measurable mass. I’m the simplest case, when the target is less than a handle length away, you just need to “throw” the axe in an arc less than 90 degrees such that the head hits the target. The odds of hitting... | Physics |
How do some video games have a "Playable" state during the download? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This is a little overly simplified, but gets the concept across. Let's say that you're playing a single-player game that's linear. The actual game engine is relatively small - most of your assets that take up a bunch of space are things like textures, music, video, and other files of that type. So for the first two hou... | Technology |
Why, sometimes, do boiled eggs yolks turn grey? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | That happens when the eggs are overcooked. There's iron present in the egg yolk and sulfur in the egg white. These are normally kept apart by the yolk membrane. When an egg is boiled for too long, the iron and the sulfur start to react and form iron sulfide, which is black. The result is a band of greenish- or grayish-... | Chemistry |
Why does a double pendulum motion create such a sporadic, random pattern? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's "chaotic": very small differences in the initial conditions (like exactly how the pendulum is started, exactly how far it is held up before being released, etc.) make very significant differences in the final motion. There are equations that govern how it work, and there are patterns to how it moves. It's just har... | Mathematics |
Why do we fall asleep faster on the couch than in our own bed? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I read into this a few months back where I was having sleep issues and could only fall asleep on the couch. The long story short of it is basically the way your mind views each place. My couch was only used to kick back, relax, and space out whereas when I was in bed I would be on my phone, eating, doing work on my lap... | Other |
Why does a sine wave produce a pure tone? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A sine wave is the only tone that's a pure frequency. If you break it down to the component frequencies, there's just one. That's what makes it sound "pure", it only stimulates a single frequency detector (cochlear nerve) in your ear. Any other real sound, or any other waveform (e.g. a square wave at the same frequency... | Mathematics |
With all of the probes we've sent to crash into jupiter and saturn, how come we don't have any pictures from inside their atmospheres? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There's only one single probe that has ever been sent to study the interior of a gas giant's atmosphere (the [Galileo Probe]( URL_0 )). This probe spent about an hour falling through the atmosphere before being destroyed and losing signal. It did not contain a camera. It only transmitted a bit under 440 kilobytes of da... | Other |
What is entropy and how does it work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Throw one dice. It's 1/6 equal chance for all values. Throw two dices. Suddenly it is no longer equal to get 1/12 for all values. Instead there are more ways to arrange the dice to get 7 (3+4, 2+5, 6+1, etc) than e.g. 12 (only 6+6). Throw three dices. There are now 15 ways to get a sum value of 14. But only 6 ways to g... | Physics |
How do pirates still exist today/what exactly do they do? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | More or less the same things they've always done: hijack ships in order to steal the ship itself and/or its cargo and/or hold the crew for ransom. Piracy really hasn't changed much for most of human seafaring history. When people think of modern pirates they usually think of Somalia although the problem isn't limited t... | Other |
How do cities become sister cities? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Becoming sister cities or twinning them is a way to create greater diplomatic connection on a local level. It is International diplomacy on a local level and involves formal contracts. There are a number of international organizations like "Sister Cities International" that help with setting up and maintaining such rel... | Other |
Why is cranberry juice recommend for UTI's, but not other juices? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There's something in cranberry specifically that is supposed to help prevent the bacteria from adhering to the bladder wall. However, it has to be complete cranberry juice, not a medley like Ocean Spray because the sugar in those medleys can feed the bacteria and make it worse. Taking a d-mannose supplement is way bett... | Biology |
How does a fetiform teratoma form? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Nobody really knows. Teratomas in general are tumors that resemble organs in shape, sometimes even in function. Fetaform teratomas, when they resemble a fetus, seem to be the same kind of tumor, except that instead of following the plan for a particular organ, it follows the plan contained in an egg. There's also a 'fe... | Biology |
how does vinegar get rid of bad odors? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I'm not sure if Vinegar actually "absorbs odour", however it is a mild acid that helps break down mineral deposits, grime, and food thats been caked/burnt onto a stovetop. So, in the context of using vinegar as a way of chemically breaking down mineral deposits. grime etc, it would help you possibly get rid of foul sme... | Chemistry |
Why do mathematicians care about ridiculously large prime numbers? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Modern encryption relies on prime numbers: *Primes have very special properties for factorization. One of those properties is that while it is relatively easy to find larger prime numbers, it’s unavoidably hard to factor large numbers back into primes. It’s one thing to figure out that 20 is (2 * 2 * 5), and quite anot... | Mathematics |
How can Tesla be the most valuable car company in the world whereas it was almost bankrupt last year? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Vehicle manufacturers are fined in many states if they do not produce enough EVs. Tesla, who produces *only* EVs, sells their extra "credits" to these manufacturers. In the previous four quarters, they made over a billion dollars doing something that essentially cost them nothing. That led to them posting a profit for ... | Economics |
How do politicians increase their networth so dramatically? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A lot of ways. Most honest: write a book. Less honest: hire your spouse or child as campaign manager and pay them a small fortune from your campaign funds. Even less honest: use your close ties to industry lobbyists and foresight of upcoming laws and regulations to make high-yield investments. Obviously illegal: take b... | Economics |
Why are water drops a specific size? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's all about when the drop detaches from the liquid. Different liquids have different specific drop sizes. The drop will form until its mass exceeds the limit of the surface tension of the liquid, and then it drops away because it is now too large and too heavy. You can alter the size somewhat by changing the shape o... | Chemistry |
Why do squatters in the UK have rights to where they are squatting? Why can't they be kicked out as soon as they are discovered? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Although the specific laws and development differ in different places, the ultimate reason is always that the people who have to enforce an eviction don't know in advance who is actually right. Even if it may seem obvious in a news report, if someone is living at a place and some third party comes in and says "that's n... | Other |
Why can’t you block insulin with medication like beta blockers to not store carbs/sugar and just have it burned up right away? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Unfortunately you have simplified it a little too much. You need insulin. If you block insulin from being released you will die. Let me walk you through it. Let's say you just ate a meal; you are bring carbs into your body which eventually go into your blood. These carbs are what stimulate release of insulin. Insulin w... | Biology |
How come Japanese law prohibits non-Japanese companies from acquiring Japanese businesses? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | OK, let's pretend Japan is r/ELI5. The mods can set whatever rules they want to, as the mods have agreed upon these rules to keep interests and integrity in line with the sub's purpose. In this case the Japanese government, to keep it controlled by Japanese interests and integrity, have limited foreign ownership of bus... | Other |
Why is that the is liver the only organ in our body that can regrow, what makes it special? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Skin and bones are also organs (collections of tissues to perform functions) that regrow. The liver regrows well because it is made of a pattern of hepatocytes (liver cells) and blood/bile vessels. This pattern repeats throughout the liver. If a portion of the liver is lost, the remaining liver replicates and repeats t... | Biology |
I frequently see that the wealth gap between the richest 1% and the other 99% keeps getting wider, but how did this happen? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Within a given country, income inequality doesn't "keep" getting wider. It responds to very simple policy decisions, and there isn't really much mystery. Unions, for example, organize to increase the share of income that is earned by labour (at the expense of the owners of capital or equity). If policy encourages union... | Economics |
- What are economies of scale? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Let's say that I want to build a single car. I have to spend a lot of money to make a factory, to get deals for the metal, for the workers with the skill to make it, it'll be very expensive for me to make that one car. So if I'm going to sell that one car, it will cost a TON of money. But if I use that factory to make ... | Economics |
"Weak Bridge. Temporary speed limit" - Why does going slower make it safer or cause less damage? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The bridge is flexible. If there is a heavy truck going across the bridge you might even be able to see or feel it flexes. So when you drive over the bridge you will create a "bow wave" in front of you. The faster you go the bigger the wave. And this puts the bridge under a lot of stress. Especially if two heavy trucks... | Physics |
Why did Japan does not have the stigma of fighting alongside Nazi Germany during WW2? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Around the Pacific theatre of the war, Japan still endures quite a bit of stigma for its imperial period, particularly around events some feel modern Japan is failing to fully acknowledge and apologize for. Examples include [the Nanjing Massacre]( URL_1 ) and [the practice of kidnapping "comfort women"]( URL_0 ). Europ... | Other |
What determines who/which country's laws apply when dealing with international crime? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | As usually in every case involving international law; whoever cares to act decides. There are a few rules of international law here, though. In your example, for example the US can easily decide on person A, because he is a US citizen. The US could tell him to stop it or otherwise punish him. This is called active pers... | Other |
How come the human genetic code can fit roughly in ~1.5GB of data yet we turn out such complex organisms? Furthermore, the code that separates us from other mammals can fit on o floppy disk. | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A few key differences between the genetic sequence and a computer sequence: 1. Computers run in binary. Genes run in quaternary (4 types of nucleic acids). That immediately increases the amount of data you can store exponentially. One step further, gene sequences build amino acids. There are 21 total amino acids that c... | Biology |
Why do humans avoid eye contact when we don’t like someone or if we’re lying? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This definitely has little to no scientific component to it; it's very much behaviour that is developed based on social interactions and personal habits. That said, it has been shown that people who lie are more likely to maintain eye contact than people telling the truth. When telling the truth, you will usually look ... | Biology |
Why does the iPhone require a passcode after restart if the fingerprint scanner is secure? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | As was made famous by the FBI/Apple confrontation from last year, recent iPhones do a pretty decent job of encrypting all content stored in the phone. The way the encryption works is that the *master key*—the big, 256-bit secret number that's required to decode the phone's contents—is never stored in the phone's perman... | Technology |
Why do babies have such chubby cheeks? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are two reasons that I am aware of. First, it's a matter of having baby fat, a layer of fat they've been born with and retain for a while afterwards in case of emergencies. Plus, since babies are relatively small, any fat they do have appears more pronounced, relatively speaking. Second, there's an evolutionary a... | Biology |
Why do we brine meat? Due to osmosis, water moves from the less salty to saltier solution to balance out salinity (eg, shriveled fingers in a pool); articles claim that while brining, the salty solution actually enters meat. If true, why does the movement of saline solution work in reverse? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | > Due to osmosis, water moves from the less salty to saltier solution to balance out salinity **(eg, shriveled fingers in a pool)** That’s not why we prune in water. > Pruney fingers and toes are actually caused when blood vessels just below the skin shrink — a process called vasoconstriction. When your nervous system ... | Chemistry |
How does mixed medium recycling work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Single-stream recycling plants are pretty amazing. There's a ton of different machines and technologies to sort our each of the components, too many to list here, but here's a sample: Cardboard and paper are filtered out with table of wide-spaced rollers. Containers of all types fall through between the rollers while t... | Other |
why do phones battery discharge slower when the phone is fully charged? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I assume you're referring to the fact that the drop from 100% to 90% take longer than 20% to 10%? Firstly, there's definitely a part of it in your head/due to useage. Another part is the phone never really knows how much it has left. It's an estimated guess usually based on the voltage detected. Accurately measuring ba... | Technology |
Why does Google need users to agree to a Terms and Conditions to sign up for a Google account but don’t need it to perform a Google search when a search could expose even more personal information? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Google doesn't send you a cookie if all you do is go to the URL_0 search page so it doesn't need a GDPR popup. Google doesn't need you to agree to its non-cookie data tracking. It just needs to make a statement on its data tracking available (which it is by clicking on the privacy link in the bottom of the Google searc... | Technology |
How to fairly define an "unsolved" Rubiks Cube? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I’m not aware of any strict regulations for competitions. After about 20 random moves, any Cube is in a orientation that no other Cube has ever been in. Ever. This is due to the unfathomable number of possible combinations. Moreover, scrambling it any further does not necessarily “mix it up” any more. Back in middle sc... | Other |
What are Carbon Credits and how do companies use them to offset their carbon footprint? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | One steam plant in NC releases 1000 pounds of pollution per day. The other plant in the same company on the other side of the state releases 300 per day. The limit under the carbon exchange is 1000 per day, per plant. The NC company can sell its credit of 700 to another company so they can over-pollute and stay ‘compli... | Economics |
How hard would it be to purposely forget your native language? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This is from personal experience, thus only anecdotal but I think it answers the point well. My family is largely Icelandic. I'm 6th generation in America, and my family moved when there was a volcanic eruption which caused a large famine on the Icelandic isle. My great great great grandfather moved here and lived on a... | Other |
why does sugar need stirring in order to dissolve in hot drinks? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You don't, stirring just speeds the process up so you can enjoy your hot drink while it's still hot. More detail: the sugars will eventually achieve a more or less homogenous distribution using nothing more than the agitation of the liquid being hot and moving about because of this. The thing is that would take hours b... | Chemistry |
How did ancient Romans do complicated math using Roman numerals? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The normal method of calculation in ancient Rome, as in Greece, was by moving counters on a smooth table. Originally pebbles (calculi) were used. Marked lines indicated units, fives, tens etc. as in the Roman numeral system. This system of 'counter casting' continued into the late Roman empire and in medieval Europe, a... | Mathematics |
How do atoms affect light? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I'm a bit rusty on this so bear with me as I try to give you a good explanation. This gets a LITTLE bit into quantum, so it might be kind of confusing. First of all, it must be understood that Light is a form of energy. (E = hv, c = v λ , h = planck's constant, v = frequency, λ = wavelength, c = speed of light). Those ... | Chemistry |
how do we know the universe is expanding? could it not be that light from galaxies at the "Edge" of the galaxy is only just now reaching earth? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's not just that we're starting to see things that are farther out in space. Things are moving away from us, which kind of actually makes it look like we're the centre of the universe. However we've noticed that no matter which point of space we look from, things are always moving away from us. The literal "space" be... | Physics |
At what point does our 'thinking voice' adopt our primary language? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Language isn't necessary for complex thought. Many people actually don't have an internal monolgue at all (meaning they don't think in words). Personally, I do have an internal monologue, but I don't think in words 100% of the time. Sometimes I think in images or in really abstract ways that are hard to describe. | Biology |
How the hell does memory / storage work? Flash drives, hard drives, floppy drives, etc. | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Magnetic memory: Made up of small crystal-like structures called magnetic domains. With a high enough magnetic field, you can get all elementary magnets (ie,magnetic fields caused by the atoms) to align, and thus hold a bit of information. The smaller you can make the domains (and still be able to read/write them), the... | Technology |
What is Modern Macroeconomic Theory and why do none of the top economists support it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | At a simple level, it posits a disconnect between spending and taxes. That is, the amount government spends is unrelated to the amount it collects as tax revenue. Instead, this discrepancy is merely an exercise in monetary policy. Imagine for a moment that the U.S. government decided to just stop collecting taxes. Woul... | Economics |
Why is it so difficult to desalinate water? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's hard to do because the molecules that make up salt are extremely tiny and can slip through all but the most extreme filters. That leaves you with two options: 1) boil the water into vapor to leave the salt behind. 2) force the water through an extremely fine membrane to filter the salt out. Option #1 requires a ma... | Chemistry |
Sometimes I am awake for three hours while trying to sleep, while I'm sorta conscious but also sorta sleeping. What is the science behind it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's hard to say exactly, because science isn't terribly good at altered brain states. It probably represents something between meditative states and stage 1/2 sleep. Stage 1 sleep is probably the most solid, well researched aspect that might relate to this - stage 1 sleep is the lightest stage of sleep, and represents... | Biology |
Why hasn’t free universal healthcare been solved in US yet? Surely it would be fairly easy to solve if it works in other countries, for instance Sweden. | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | In a society where money is the measure of success, the most successful of the ruling class are obsessed with money. Everything is about money in the US, and the product most people would pay the most money for is the one which saves their life. The ruling class would have to be very stupid to not tap into this colossa... | Economics |
When Europeans first came to America, a lot of native people died of diseases from Europa. Why didn't the same happen to the Europeans? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They did not. I'm sure some of them got diarrhea or something, but there was no equivalent of smallpox for Europeans. Europeans came from a much more diverse region, with greater genetic variety, more domesticated animals, and more opportunities for contact with foreign cultures. The Native Americans, by contrast, had ... | Other |
How does gravity keep us on earth? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The question is rather, why does gravity keep anything on anything (because the law of gravity applies to every mass object in the universe). Nobody 'really' knows what gravity is. Just that when something has mass, it has gravity. The bigger the mass, the bigger the gravity (e.g. the sun has a lot more mass than Earth... | Physics |
Why do legal fees remain so high when the labor market has a surplus of lawyers? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There's not a demand for just a random lawyer. There's a large demand for *good* lawyers. There's a large supply of burger chefs, they're not particularly in demand though, and wages are low. You know who is in demand with high wages? A burger chef who makes the best burger on earth in a NYC restaurant for $50 a plate,... | Economics |
How was the first diamond cut? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Very slowly. Just because it is used to cut/grind other materials doesn't mean that it itself can't be cut/ground/shaped/polished with other materials. It just means that the other materials will most likely wear down first. But if you use _enough_ of them. Think of it this way. I have a psycho future DeathRace 2000 dr... | Technology |
Why was Krakatoa's eruption so much louder than other volcanic eruptions? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | One of the leading theories is because of Krakatoa proximity to water. Krakatoa has been erupting for a while before it’s massive explosion, leading to the theory that would of the eruptions had actually plugged the caldera down to the magma chamber, allowing pressure to build. The next step in the theory is that some ... | Earth Science |
Why do people reading a script or speech often completely alter their speaking patterns and seemingly forget how their speaking tone usually sounds? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When you talk normally, you're generating the words, tone, and rhythm from your head before you open your mouth; when it's time to read, you have to look at the words manually and recite them one at a time, and you may not be able to anticipate how the entire sentence or line is supposed to sound. If you get a chance t... | Other |
Why do some statistics count numbers in the millions “in thousands?” | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I'm assuming you're actually talking about visualizations of data, like graphs. If one of the dimensions of your dataset is just a collection of very large numbers (e.g. all the population counts of South American countries) it's easier to just add a footnote "*thousands" so you don't have to write out all digits in th... | Mathematics |
How to Kurt Godel manage to "break" mathematics? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Godel did not "break" mathematics, but rather he proved that there existed limitations to the degree we could root complex mathematics in basic, formal logic. Philosophers and mathematicians wanted to devise a system where you could take a few basic axioms (unproved statements accepted as generally true), some rules of... | Mathematics |
How do offshore bank accounts work? Why are they used for illegal money or criminal activity? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because they avoid the local regulations that might easily track where the money came from and who it is going to. Large movements of money say between the USA and Columbia might attract the attention of authorities suspecting that it might be drugs related. However if the money is moved from the USA to the Cayman isla... | Economics |
Why is a rainbow the shape it is? Where else is the refraction of light used in modern devices? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The bow shape is actually a section of a full circle. There is this thing called a refractive index, which all objects have. The refractive index is the speed of light in a medium compared to that of air. In water, the effective speed of light is less than that of air. This effect causes the light to bend at the incide... | Physics |
What exactly makes an electron negative and a proton positive and why are they seen as complete opposites? How do this relate to antimatter? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Electric charge is a *fundamental property* of particles. Mass is another. Spin (angular momentum) is another. Electric charge simply refers to how the particles **behave/interact with the electromagnetic field**. As far as we know, they don't have things like midi-chlorians inside them dictating this interaction. It's... | Physics |
When everything consist of atoms, what does an human "thought" consist of? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Picture your brain as a map of every road in your country, with millions of little dots representing delivery trucks driving along these roads. When your brain does anything, it sends tiny electrical signal so different areas of your brain. Think of this process like one of those trucks traveling from one city to anoth... | Chemistry |
What's the difference between Isopropyl/Isopropanol alcohol and regular alcohol? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | *First there's the alcohol you drink, like whiskey, beer and wine. This is ethyl alcohol that is produced by yeast. The yeast eat some kind of sugar or starch and turn it into carbon dioxide and alcohol.* *Ethanol that you purchase as a car fuel is the same kind of alcohol found in whiskey, but it has been distilled to... | Chemistry |
why do teeth become crooked again, even after wearing retainers for 10 years, if you stop wearing them? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The reason your teeth lined up that way in the first place when you were growing up is because that's the easiest orientation for them to be in your mouth based on the shape of the bones around your mouth as well as the actions of the mouth muscles. Braces forced them to be in a position they weren't naturally. When te... | Biology |
Why can Apple control the shape of its chargers but other companies have to follow the regulations and change it to USB C? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Apple still has to comply to European standards and as a result, all iPhones sold there have to have a microUSB to lightning adapter, and probably USB-C to lightning adapter soon. It is just easier for the other companies to switch to microUSB after the standardization law was passed in Europe. | Technology |
How does a snake move? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's the same way penises can twitch and move, they are (essentially) one long vertabre that uses muscles and tendons to slither around. Fiction of part of their body and lack there of on other parts allows them to slither forward (the same way humans can when mimicking a snake). What allows the to slither is the lack ... | Biology |
How exactly are numeric bases decided? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Usually by counting on fingers. Obviously base 10 (decimal) is the number of fingers (and thumbs) most people have and led to this system. Vigesimal (base 20) comes from counting on fingers and toes. The Mayan vigesimal system used groups of five (for each hand and foot) in their numerical system. Duodecimal (base 12) ... | Mathematics |
What exactly are things like Smartwater advertising with balanced pH, and does it make any biological difference? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's complete BS. Small differences in the pH of your water do not make any difference whatsoever. It's just marketing to make it sound more healthy, when in reality any bottled water is more questionable than filtered tap water due to the plastic particles that seep from the bottle (provided that you live in an area w... | Chemistry |
Panasonics new "invisible tv", how is it transparent? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | [Their screen]( URL_0 ) is an array of very small LED lights (red, green, and blue ones) printed on a sheet of clear plastic (which is then placed behind the clear glass. When the shelf light behind the glass is turned off, it is black back there so the clear parts of the screen look black, and the lit parts are the co... | Technology |
What's the difference between Neutron Stars, Pulsars, and Quasars? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Neutron stars are older stars that have collapsed in on themselves, and now the only thing keeping them from turning into a black hole is the [pressure that neutrons exert]( URL_0 ) because they don't like to be squashed into the same place. Pulsars are a type of neutron star spinning very fast in which a beam of radia... | Physics |
How do magnets exist without violating the law of conservation of energy? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I assume you're talking about permanent ferric magnets. Magnetism comes from the organization of poles in tiny regions in a substance called domains. In mass produced permanent magnets, the poles of these domains are forced to point in a specific direction by heating them to a specific temperature and then shaping it a... | Physics |
due to the massive amount of neurons in the brain, how is it possible that electrical signals don't crosspost (don't mind if I do) from one axon to another? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They sort of do. A neurone that transmits an electrical signal increase the chance that other neurones will fire. And yeah, that’s another reason as to why we’re really complex. An extra tidbit, neurones are not binary; 1 or 0. They are are more like **potentials**. So, when a neurone fires it does not mean that other ... | Biology |
If trans fat is banned in food products for unhealthy reasons, why can’t added sugar also be banned for similar reasons? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Trans fat is produced by an industrial type of hydrogenation. Using hydrogen gas and a catalyst (originally nickel metal) under high pressure. This turns liquid unsaturated oils to a mixture of saturated solid oils. This produces some "unnatural" reacted oils. "Trans- opposite side" hydrogenation, vs the natural "cis- ... | Economics |
How do radio stations determine how many listeners they have? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | In the UK radio station listeners are polled by an organisation called RAJAR. Basically householders are sent a survey and asked about their listening habits such as when they listen, how long for, which stations and so on. This data is the compiled and sent back to the stations, for a fee of course. This tells them th... | Technology |
what is insider trading? I know what money laundering and fraud are, but not really IT | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Buying or selling stock based on information that is, not available to the public. For example, say I work at a company that found a cure for cancer. And nobody knows that or that my company plans to sell if for $1 million per person. So I go out and buy a bunch of stock before it is announced. Or. Say I know that my c... | Economics |
What is the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture and the impact from solving it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The 3-4-5 right triangle is a common centerpiece in many high school geometry problems. It is, after all, a right triangle where pesky square roots don't show up. A minorly interesting thing about it is that its area is 6, which is also an integer. Another observation we might make is that the triangle with sides of le... | Mathematics |
Why does the edge of broken glass look opaque? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | An imperfect edge will refract light in all different directions, distorting the image you’d usually see. Because the light is so randomly scattered, the image just looks like a blur, making it effectively opaque since you can’t “see” what’s on the other side even though light still travels through the glass. | Physics |
It seems like WWII is more prevalent in pop culture than WWI. For example, why are there way more movies about WWII than WWI? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | For one thing, Hollywood is an American industry that likes to make movies about American characters. Since American troops only arrived in the final year of the war, there isn't much time for a story. For another thing, the Western Front was pretty much stagnant for most of the war. "We're in our trench and they're in... | Other |
What causes flames to be different colors? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Every atom has electrons, but electrons don’t just flow around Willy nilly, they exist in certain areas called “orbitals” there are different types of orbitals which house electrons that have higher energies. All electrons want to be the lowest possible energy they can be (as calm as possible). When you add fire to it ... | Physics |
Why are the Zodiac Killer's notes so hard to decipher? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Anyone can make a note that's impossible to decipher. The easiest way is to just not have any actual information in it, to not actually have it contain a message. Naturally you can't decipher that. The second way to make a note, and a way that contains actual information, that cannot be deciphered is to use a "one-time... | Mathematics |
If the sun never sets during arctic summers how come it's still cold? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because near the poles, the sun’s rays hit the earth at extreme angles. Although the sun is “up” all day long, it doesn’t travel across the sky from one horizon to the other, peaking high above. It travels along the horizon as if it is always close to sunrise or sunset. | Physics |
How does calling 911 work in terms of connecting you to your closest 911 center? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The emergency 911 call is routed to the local call center based on the origin location of the calling party. If it was from a landline then there is obviously a registered address where that phone is calling from, but if it is a cell phone then it is determined by the location of the cell tower. Since such towers gener... | Technology |
Why haven't our bodies changed to make childbirth less painful? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | So the only way that the process of childbirth would change is through evolution of some kind. The only way evolution happens is if the genetically superior reproduce and those who aren’t die. Theoretically if there was a woman who could go through childbirth totally painlessly and she passed that trait on to her child... | Biology |
How do caterpillars know that they are supposed to turn into a butterfly? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Thought isn't likely involved, the same way we don't "know" to go through puberty but do it anyway. Instead, hormones within the caterpillar trigger the change. They aren't likely to experience a concept of self or complex thought with regard to the process. Those hormones are present whether the caterpillar knows or n... | Biology |
Why does our own voice sound different when recorded? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Your vocal cords cause a vibration in the air, but also in the bones in your head. Your ears hear sound conducted through your bones, in addition to what comes through the air from outside your head. Even listening to a perfectly calibrated recording (without any distortion from the microphone, headphones/speakers, etc... | Physics |
Why is our dishwasher unable to remove raw protein from dishes? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Meat is *Carbon. Carbon is tiny and has a grip fills the poors of a plate when heated. Heat makes the carbon expand (excite) Think of how dense an icecube is vs water. the thing is that when cooled the carbon solidifies. Some of these make barbs(grip) the plate. I've been a dishwasher in 5 restaraunt kitchens (Soaking ... | Other |
Why do mirrors reverse left and right but not up and down? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They don't reverse anything left to right (or up and down). You're thinking of a word printed on a shirt, and when you stand in front of the mirror it looks 'backwards' to you. It's your perception that makes it seem as though it's flipped around, but it's actually you who is flipped around relative to the shirt. To pr... | Physics |
Why can't a country in a trade surplus be sustained in that position indefinitely? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It can. Imagine you have a job at a convenience store where they give you a 50% discount on baseball cards. You don’t care for them much, but your friend does. He regularly buys them from you for 90% of list. You never buy anything from him. Your friend has a trade deficit with you. The trade, though, is beneficial for... | Economics |
Why when you step out the shower are you extremely cold for about 3 minutes but then you go back to normal temperature? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This is a little bit couterintuitive, but: Warm water evaporates faster than cold water, yet pulls enough heat energy from your skin to make you feel colder as it does when it's cold water. This is because the sensation of freezing or feeling warm isn't prone to absolute temperature difference between your skin and ano... | Biology |
Why is it important to have buffer states? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Buffer states aren't always about marching armies. North Korea, for example, is a buffer between China and South Korea. It's not about keeping out the South Korean Army. It's about keeping out the South Korean Economy. If poor rural Chinese had rich, urban, capitalist, democratic, South Koreans just across the Yalu riv... | Other |
Would inflation still happen if the population didn’t increase? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Yes, because inflation isn't caused by population growth. Simplifying things to an extreme degree, inflation when the amount of money (as in the literal number of dollar bills) increases faster than the amount of wealth (as in the things that people want to buy with those dollar bills, like cars or houses or factories ... | Economics |
what makes the “pop” or click noise when you stretch? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | TLDR version; we don't know. Not the fun answer, I know, but the truthful one. According to some theories it is related to gas moving around creating 'vaccuum bubbles' in joints that cause the actual sound. According to others it has to do with dissolved bubbles of gas dissolved in the lubrication fluid. Research as re... | Biology |
In marble experiments to show the effects of gravity the marbles always fall into the object. Will Earth eventually "fall into" the sun? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Im on phone so this will be short. Every marble starts out with a velocity just like a planets velocity. The difference here though is that on earth friction reduces the marbles velocity which results in them colliding in the middle eventually. Meanwhile in space, there is a vacuum and zero friction. This allows the pl... | Physics |
How is pirating content so common and illegal yet nobody faces consequences for doing it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | People do face consequences for it. The problem is that piracy is so wide spread that there aren't enough resources to fine and arrest everyone that does it. The agencies try to focus on content distributors to try to slow piracy down, but also target random downloaders with large fines to try to get media attention to... | Technology |
Why is it safe to light (automobile) gasoline in camping stoves, but pouring it on a bonfire and lighting it causes an explosion? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Gasoline evaporates very quickly, and gasoline vapor is extremely flammable, and will burn so fast that it explodes. When you pour a canister of gasoline on a pile of wood, there is a ton of gasoline just sitting there in the pile. So, a ton of it evaporates, so there is a ton of gasoline vapor in the air. All that vap... | Chemistry |
Why Nicotine and Methamphetamine are so different yet the formulas are almost the same? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Just counting the number of atoms isn’t a good way to determine the molecule That’s kind of like trying to identify a name by how many of each letter there are, while it can work to some extent, there will be names that have the same letters but in a different pattern, making it a completely different name Same in chem... | Chemistry |
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